CDSGThe  Newsletter  The Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. — May 2014

Chairman’s Message CDSG Meeting and Tour Calendar Norm Scarpulla Please advise Terry McGovern of any additions or changes at [email protected] Over the last three months, we learned of the death of two long- time CDSG members, Bill Gaines and Phil Sims. Bill was one of 2014 CDSG Annual Conference our earliest members and a frequent contributor to the Journal. October 1 - 5, 2014 Because of his work in naval ship design, Phil had unique insight Los Angeles /San Diego HDs into the relation of coast artillery and warship armament. We will Mike Fiorini, [email protected] miss them both. In February, we implemented our new website (same address: 2015 CDSG Annual Conference CDSG.org). The photos on the homepage are stunning, and we April 2015 now have the ability to accept credit cards and PayPal for member- Delaware River HD ships, books, and clothing. Chris Zeeman, [email protected] Our 2014 annual conference will be in San Diego and Los Angeles this October. The details and signup are included with 2016 CDSG Annual Conference this Newsletter. Please plan to attend to see the fortifications and September 2016 meet other members. Because of the need to reserve buses at San Tampa Bay & Key West Diego, and due to security at US Navy controlled sites, you need Charles Bogart, [email protected] to sign up early; don’t delay. In March, we completed our financial audit, and the audit re- Proposed CDSG Special Tour port and financial statement are included with this Newsletter. The June 2015 CDSG continues to be financially strong. However, the number of Panama Canal Zone individual memberships is down from 387 at the end of 2009 to Terry McGovern, [email protected] 359 last year. We need to recruit new members. When you visit a fort or a military event, be an ambassador for the CDSG. Wear a Proposed CDSG Special Tour CDSG shirt, hat, or patch. Talk to people about the organization June 2016 and point them to our website, CDSG.org. Can you recruit one Defenses of Switzerland new member in 2014? Terry McGovern, [email protected] Each year, we elect one new director to replace the director who is finishing his or her third year. Mike Fiorini’s term ends September Other Meetings and Tours 30. With this Newsletter, you will find the ballot for the election of a new director. We have two fine candidates, Alex Hall and Alfred July 2014 Chiswell. Please mail in your vote by July 15. FORTE CULTURA Pilot Tour Remember that this is a volunteer organization. We need mem- Germany--Italy bers to write articles for the Journal and Newsletter. Even a short Hans-Rudolf Neumann, [email protected] report about a visit to a fort is useful. And we need site representa- tives. A site representative does not need to be the expert about August 2014 the fort or coast artillery, but rather he or she needs to maintain Czech Association for Military History Tour contact with the site owner or manager and be the conduit for Maginot Line in the Alps communication both ways. Vladimir Kupka, [email protected]

* * * * * August 30 - September 6, 2014 CDSG 2014 Conference ECCOFORT Reg. Association Tour San Diego and Los Angeles Pula & Croatia October 1 – October 5, 2014 Hans-Rudolf Neuman, [email protected]

Registration fee will be $195 which includes our bus in San Di- September 5 - 8, 2014 ego, handouts, site fees, lunches, the banquet on Friday night, and Fortress Study Group Annual Conference other expenses. Extra banquet tickets will cost $45. A registration East Anglia form is attached to this newsletter or it can be printed from the Alistair Graham Kerr, [email protected] The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 2 September 2014 May 2015 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Festungsforschung Annual Meeting Council on America's Military Past Koln (Cologne) New Orleans, Louisiana Andreas Kupka, [email protected] Marylou Gjernes, [email protected]

September 18 - 22, 2014 August/September 2015 Association Saint-Maurice d'Etudes Militaries Tour ECCOFORT Reg. Association Tour Maginot Line & Verdun Verona/Italy Maurice Lovisa, [email protected] Hans-Rudolf Neuman, [email protected]

October 11, 2014 September 11-15, 2015 Stiching Menno van Coehoorn Tour Association Saint-Maurice d'Etudes Militaries Tour Zaltbommel, Hamburg, Germany Frits van Horn, [email protected] Marc Girard, [email protected]

October 17, 2014 October 2015 International Fortress Council Annual Meeting International Fortress Council Annual Meeting Portsmouth, UK Antwerp, Belgium Luc Fellay, [email protected] Luc Fellay, [email protected]

November 8, 2013 May 2016 Czech Association for Military History Annual Meeting Fortress Study Group Overseas Tour Prague, Czech Republic Menorca/Majorca Vladimir Kupka, [email protected] TBA, [email protected]

February 2015 Sept/Oct 2016 ECCOFORT Reg. Association Tour ECCOFORT Reg. Association Tour Punjab, India Edime, the Dardenelles, Istanbul Hans-Rudolf Neuman, [email protected] Hans-Rudolf Neuman, [email protected]

May 2015 October 2016 Fortress Study Group Overseas Tour International Fortress Council Annual Meeting South Portugal , Germany Charles Blackwood, [email protected] Luc Fellay, [email protected]

CDSG website at cdsg.org. Please register as soon as you can if San Diego Fairfield Inn by Marriott you are planning on attending and make your hotel reservations. 3900 Old Town Avenue See our nation’s key defenses on southern California Coast. The San Diego, CA 92110 Point Loma Peninsula of San Diego contains Fort Rosecrans and Conference nights are October 1 and 2, 2014. Room rate is a number of WWII-era batteries. Coronado has the former Fort $109 per night plus tax for a single king bed or twin queen beds. Emory with its WWII-era 100 and 200-series batteries. Many Price is good for 3 days before and after the conference dates in non-conference additional sites include the USS Midway museum, San Diego. Reservation phone # 888.236-2427 - reference CDSG Liberty Station, the former Naval Training Center, the Marine group rate. Concessions include: free shuttle to/from Lindberg Corps museum, and Cabrillo National Monument to name a few. field during “normal business hours”, free on-site parking, free In Los Angeles see Fort MacArthur, Battery Osgood-Farley’s meeting room for 40 and hospitality suite, free hot breakfast on restored BC station and power room, and the other batteries, fire site. control stations, and Nike missile sites of the Upper Reservation, Double Tree by Hilton White Point, and Long Point. Many additional sites can be seen 2800 Via Cabrillo Marina before or after the conference, including the USS Iowa and the San Pedro, CA 90731 Queen Mary. Conference nights are October 3 and 4, 2014; Room rate is $145 per night plus tax for single or double queen beds; Pricing is Joe Janesic is my Co-Chairman – Thanks Joe. good for 3 days before and after the conference dates in San Pedro. Mike Fiorini Reservation phone # 800.222-8733 - reference group code “CDS.” [email protected] Food and Beverages service is available on site with nearby ad- ditional sites within walking distance. Site of annual dinner and Hotel Information: we will be staying in San Diego two nights business meeting on Friday night. Free parking is provided for all and in San Pedro two nights: registered guests. Free meeting room. The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 3 Post-conference shuttles are available to both Los Angeles topics: “The British Rifled Muzzle Loading Guns Period 1865- International and Long Beach Airports for a reasonable fee. 1879” by Charles Trollope and “The Solent Forts – the Preliminary Prompt reservations are encouraged, as both sites are popular Arguments”(the Spithead forts) by Andrew Saunders. tourist destinations. In any case, August 15 will be the deadline The bulk of the issue is taken up by a facsimile reproduction of for room reservations and conference registration. Both sites the “1860 Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Consider have many tourist attractions for men and women, bring your the Defences of the ,” an often cited reference lady and book your rooms early! in British fortification history – a report which “draws the vari- ous structures being built at that time to rearm the coast of Great Tentative Schedule pending permission from the various Britain into a coherent scheme of defence.” This is a valuable piece organizations: of reference material. Wednesday, October 1st: Afternoon check in with evening * * * * * organizational meeting and presentations. Fort Casey Additions Thursday, October 2nd: Subbase/Ft. Rosecrans sites, Cabrillo Steven Kobylk National Park sites, West side of Pt. Loma Peninsula, evening presentations. Fort Casey, WA, has been the grateful beneficiary of work Friday, October 3rd: Coronado, Ft. Emory, and Border Field by several local organizations. These have added considerably fire control stations in morning. Mid-day drive to San Pedro in to our ability to interpret the batteries, and perhaps have also private cars. Annual dinner meeting in evening, presentations awakened an interest in historic preservation in some of our Saturday, October 4th: Fort MacArthur: Battery 241, Battery young people. Leary-Merriam, Battery Barlow-Saxton, afternoon at Fort Ma- The Oak Harbor High School shop class has made several cArthur Museum (Battery Osgood-Farley) and Battery Bunker; impressive additions to the displays at Fort Casey, WA. They evening presentations. fabricated steel shot tongs, which have been installed in the Bat- Sunday, October 5th:Outlying sites in the morning, White’s tery Worth shell hoist room. After some modification and adjust- Point, Sea Beach, 2 base-end stations, Long Point, Battery 240, ments, the tongs now work as originally designed. One 10-inch and Nike launch area. practice projectile has been lifted and moved via the 1898 chain * * * * * hoist and overhead rail to the Taylor-Raymond hoist. The second New Book week in May the plan is to lift the projectile up the hoist to the delivery table and unto a makeshift cart. Then, using the 1898 by CDSG member John Martini chain hoist with an elongated chain hoist, to lower the projectile

back down to the shell room using the original crane hoist. I will CDSG member John Martini, retired NPS historian known be cleaning and repainting the shell shortly to ensure the color for his expertise on the San Francisco defenses, has written a band is over the center of gravity (lifting position). book that, while not about coast defense, may still be of interest to our readers. Sutro’s Glass Palace: The Story of Sutro Baths, cel- ebrates the historic Sutro Baths on San Francisco’s Pacific shore, just south of Fort Miley. Opened in 1896, Sutro Baths was the world’s largest indoor swimming pool establishment, with one fresh and six salt-water pools, in addition to a museum and other attractions. The book is beautifully illustrated with B&W and color photographs, as well as excellent artwork. It is available from http://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/sutro-s-glass-palace?keyword =sutro%27s+glass+palace&store=book, for $20.36.

* * * * * Fortress Study Group Publications

The latest issue ofFort, the international journal of fortifica- tion and military architecture from the Fortress Study Group, has arrived. This issue is labeled Volume 30, 2002, part of the collection of issues being published to make up for the years 2000 The class also fabricated breech-block pins for one of Fort to 2003 when no issues were produced. This issue is dedicated Casey’s 3-inch guns. It fits the breech perfectly. Five 155 mm as a memorial to the late Andrew Saunders, one of the founding powder cans have been converted to 42-inch-long 6-inch cans, members of the FSG. and five more are to be completed by mid-June. The cans have As always, the issue has a number of key articles that may be of not yet been painted. interest to the members of the CDSG. First off there is a tribute The rammer and sponge for the 10-inch gun is near comple- to the writings of Andrew Saunders by Gilbert Dowdall-Brown. tion, as is the stave for the 3-inch gun. Several compromises This is followed by two very good articles on British fortification from the original plans were necessary, since cast parts are not The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 4 and so they named it Coronado Heights Military Reservation. But in 1942 the San Diego Chamber of Commerce heard about it and asked the army to name it Fort Emory, in honor of Maj. William Emory and what he did for San Diego 93 years before. The War Department agreed, and published the decision in War Department General Orders No. 67, December 14, 1942. William H. Emory was an 1831 graduate of West Point, both a military officer and an engineer. He first came to California in 1846 with Gen. Stephen Kearny’s Army of the West to help oc- cupy California at the beginning of the Mexican-American War. Kearny’s Army left Fort Leavenworth, KS, with 2,500 troops. Along the way, General Kearny heard that other units had pretty much occupied California, so he split units off to do this and that chore, and by the time they arrived at a place called San Pasqual in northern San Diego, Kearny had only 50 troopers at the spot where the local Californios were waiting to do battle, and the Californios and their horses were much fresher. Kearny had 17 killed, 18 wounded and only 15 unscathed. Lt. Emory was one of the latter. Emory rose to general in the Civil War and had a distinguished career. By 1850 he was an outstanding member of the elite Army Topographical Engineers. The government asked him to make many maps, do important surveying, and so forth. At the conclu- sion of the Mexican-American War in 1848, the Treaty of Gua- dalupe Hidalgo spelled out the new Mexican-American border in specifics of rivers, latitudes and longitudes. Then in 1849, a commission was formed of American and Mexican surveyors to go out and actually mark the border with 5 to 10 foot “monuments” to mark the new border. This was no easy task because much of economically feasible at this time, so substitutes have been the border was straight lines on a map, but horrendous mountains made. The work is well done, and the general public should not in reality. Major Emory was the leader of the American team. notice the difference. Picking up the border at the eastern end of Arizona, the original Construction of the time range board has been delayed with border across Arizona was to be the Gila River, which runs from just the board itself nearing completion. The board itself will be east to west across Arizona. (The Arizona border was later moved assembled but the rest (T-square, etc) has been moved to next year. further south, but by purchase, not conquest.) The Gila River runs Two projects involve the 1915 plotting rooms for Battery west slightly below Phoenix until just west of Phoenix, where it Worth and Battery Moore. Ebey’s Landing National Historic turns south to an area near Interstate 8, and then it bends and Reserve Field School has taken on restoring the exterior of Bat- goes directly west to a point flowing into the Colorado River at tery Moore’s plotting room this summer. Meanwhile, progress the northern edge of Yuma. Then, the California border was to continues on Battery Worth’s plotting room. Stucco work has be a straight line from the mouth of the Gila River to a point on commenced and should take about two weeks to complete. One the Pacific shore “one marine league south of the southernmost window and the door are left to be installed. The new estimated point of the Port of San Diego,” and the treaty said it was to be completion date is Memorial Day. according to a map drawn by Juan Pantoja in 1782. (A “marine

* * * * * league” is generally considered to be a bit less than 3½ miles.) Why Fort Emory was named Fort Emory So where is that “southernmost point” on a modern map? It Peter Watry turns out to be about where the Chula Vista Marina is today. Then “One marine league” (3½ miles) south of that is the entrance CDSG is having its 2014 Annual Conference in San Diego to a navy auxiliary air field for helicopters on the southern side this October. We will be seeing some of the remains of Fort of Imperial Beach. IT IS ANOTHER 2-3 MILES TO THE Rosecrans and Fort Emory, but just as interesting is who Maj. MEXICAN BORDER. Major Emory set the monument a full William Helmsley Emory was, and why he is was beloved in San 2-3 miles further south than it was supposed to be. Because Diego for something he did in 1849. those monuments were considered to be part of the treaty, the Before 1940 the site of the future Fort Emory had only been line cannot be changed without opening the entire treaty to re- used for a large navy radio reception station, immediately north negotiations. That has never been done. Today, that monument of Imperial Beach along the ocean, about 10 miles south of San is exactly where Major Emory placed it 160 years ago. Diego in an area known as Coronado Heights. As World War II Since the commission included Mexican surveyors, how did was approaching, the army decided to place some artillery there, Major Emory get away with it? I think his report tells us the The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 5 answer: “In this operation I looked for little or no aid from the Articles by William C. Gaines Mexican commission, for although composed of well educated published in the CDSG publications and scientific men, their instruments were radically defective. Our determinations, after being re-computed by the Mexican commis- Fifteenth Coast Artillery (H.D.) Regiment 1924-1944 sion, were received by them without correction” (italics added). The Temporary Harbor Defenses of Beaufort Inlet 1941 Today the monument is exactly where Major Emory placed it CDSG News, Volume 6, Number 4, November 1992 160 years ago. Hopefully we will be able to visit it in October. 13th Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) Regiment * * * * * CDSG Journal, Volume 7, Issue 2, May 1993 Philip J. Sims 1949 - 2014 The Coastal and Harbor Defenses Of Galveston, Texas We regret to announce the death of long-time CDSG member CDSG Journal, Volume 7, Issue 3, August 1993 Philip (Phil) Sims, who was found dead of natural causes in his home in Arlington, VA. Born April 26, 1949, in San Diego, CA, The Coastal and Harbor Defenses Of Key West Phil received a B.S. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineer- 31st Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) Regiment ing from the Webb Institute of Naval Architecture and an M.S. CDSG Journal, Volume 7, Issue 4, November 1993 in Naval Architecture from MIT. Among his many accomplishments were updating the U.S. The Coast Artillery at Pensacola Bay 1898-1946 Navy’s destroyer-cruiser early-stage design procedures and design Punchbowl Military Reservation studies for the CGN 42, the reserve FFX, and the DDX (later CDSG Journal, Volume 8, Issue 1, February 1994 DDG 51) projects as well as being involved in the feasibility and preliminary designs for the DDG 51-Class and many other Fifteenth Coast Artillery Regiment 1924-1944 combatants. He became team leader on Surface Ship Concept Wiliwilinui Ridge Military Reservation Formulation (CONFORM) studies of new ships such as a heavy CDSG Journal, Volume 8, Issue 2, May 1994 combatant and a survivable cruiser. He was the lead naval architect for the Iowa-Class Sand Island Military Reservation modernization and reactivation program and then its ship design CDSG Journal, Volume 8, Issue 3, August 1994 manager. Later he participated in the CV(X) and CVN(X) Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis (COEA). He became the Fort Weaver, Oahu, Hawaii navy’s expert on command ships, based on his numerous studies Fort Barrette, Oahu, Hawaii over the decades. Upon his retirement from NAVSEA in 2009, 27th Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) Battalion he joined the staff of CSC - Advanced Marine Center, conduct- CDSG Journal, Volume 8, Issue 4, November 1994 ing feasibility studies and preparing guidance documents on the early-stage ship design process. The Oahu Howitzers Phil was a member of the CDSG since 1988, and a frequent CDSG Journal, Volume 9, Issue 1, February 1995 contributor to our Journal. His articles, which often reflected his interest and expertise in naval matters, contributed a unique The Temporary Harbor Defenses of Fort Lauderdale, Florida perspective to the study of coast defense. 1942-1944 He is survived by his only sister, Suzan Hudgens of Fort Worth, The Forty-First Coast Artillery 1918-1944: TX. Memorial contributions can be sent to the attention of the An Organizational History Development Office, Webb Institute, 298 Crescent Beach Road, CDSG Journal, Volume 9, Issue 2, May 1995 Glen Cove, NY 11542-1398. A note in the memo line should say “In memory of Philip Sims ‘71.” The 14th Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) Regiment, an Organizational History * * * * * CDSG Journal, Volume 9, Issue 3, August 1995 William C. Gaines, Jr. The Maritime Defenses of the Delaware, 1771-1950, The CDSG notes with great sadness the passing of our most Chapters I & II faithful author, William “Bill” Gaines. CDSG Journal, Volume 9, Issue 4, November 1995 Bill was our most frequent author, contributing more than 80 articles over almost 30 years. His wide range of research enabled The Maritime Defenses of the Delaware, 1771-1950, him to produce unique histories of a number of harbor defenses Chapters III-V and unit histories of many coast artillery units. These works will CDSG Journal, Volume 10, Issue 1, February 1996 always remain a tribute to him and his work. And to a real extent, the Coast Defense Journal is also a de- The Coastal and Harbor Defenses of the Delaware, scendant of Bill's, a monument to the vital role he played in its Chapters VI to X publication. CDSG Journal, Volume 10, Issue 2, May 1996 The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 6 Antiaircraft Defense of Oahu 1916-1945 The Maritime Defenses of the Delaware, 1771-1950: Chapters Coast Defense Journal, Volume 15, Issue 2, May 2001 XI - XIII CDSG Journal, Volume 10, Issue 3, August 1996 The 54th Coast Artillery Regiment (155 mm Gun) 1917-1944 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 15, Issue 4, November 2001 Fort Schuyler and the Defenses of the Eastern Approaches to New York Harbor: Temporary Harbor Defenses in the Southern Defense A Historic Resource Study Command: 1942-1944 CDSG Journal, Volume 10, Issue 4, November 1996 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 16, Issue 1, February 2002

Fort Totten and the Coastal Defenses of Eastern New York Railway Artillery on Oahu, 1922-1944 CDSG Journal, Volume 11, Issue 1, February 1997 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 16, Issue 3, August 2002

Coast Artillery in the Trinidad Base Command and Sector 240 mm Howitzers on Oahu 1922-1944 1941-1946 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 16, Issue 4, November 2002 The United States Coast Artillery Command on Aruba and Curaçao in WW II The World War II Temporary Harbor Defenses of Tampa CDSG Journal, Volume 11, Issue 2, May 1997 1942-1944 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 17, Issue 1, February 2003 Fort Screven: the Modern System of Defense at Savannah 1886-1946 “Gypsy Artillery:” The 69th Coast Artillery (Antiaircraft) CDSG Journal, Volume 11, Issue 3, August 1997 Regiment Coast Defense Journal, Volume 17, Issue 2, May 2003 Defending the Cape Fear River, North Carolina, 1803-1945 CDSG Journal, Volume 11, Issue 4, November 1997 Fort Darrell (Mechanic) and the Defenses of Charleston Castle Pinckney and the Fortifications of Shute’s Folly Island, Joint Army and Navy Coast Defense Commands: 1927-1945 Charleston Harbor Glossary of Terms Related to Coast Artillery Operations in Coast Defense Journal, Volume 17, Issue 3, August 2003 World War II CDSG Journal, Volume 12, Issue 1, February 1998 Second-System Fortifications at Savannah, Georgia: 1807-1825 A History of the Modern Coastal Defenses of Charleston, The Defenses of Cumberland Sound, 1738-1900 South Carolina, Part I 1894-1939 Fort Johnson at Windmill Point, James Island, CDSG Journal, Volume 12, Issue 3, August 1998 Charleston Harbor Coast Defense Journal, Volume 17, Issue 4, November 2003 A History of the Modern Coastal Defenses of Charleston, South Carolina, Part II: The Harbor Defenses of Charleston in Confederate Defenses of Savannah 1861-1865 World War II Defenses of Florida’s St. Johns River, 1898-1944 CDSG Journal, Volume 12, Issue 4, November 1998 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 18, Issue 1, February 2004

155 mm Gun Employment and Emplacements on Oahu, Fort Johnston, North Carolina, 1745-1865 T.H., 1921-1945 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 18, Issue 3, August 2004 CDSG Journal, Volume 13, Issue 2, May 1999 A Military History of Diamond Head and Fort Ruger (Part I) The Sixteenth Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) Regiment Coast Defense Journal, Volume 19, Issue 2, May 2005 CDSG Journal, Volume 13, Issue 4, November 1999 A Military History of Diamond Head and Fort Ruger (Part 2) Antiaircraft Defenses in the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Coast Defense Journal, Volume 19, Issue 3, August 2005 Subic Bays 1921-1942 CDSG Journal, Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2000 92nd Coast Artillery Regiment (Philippine Scouts) Coast Defense Journal, Volume 20, Issue 1, February 2006 Camp Pendleton, Virginia Beach, Virginia, and the Provisional Coast Artillery Brigade, 1940-1945 Fort Wayne: Detroit’s Seacoast Fortification CDSG Journal, Volume 14, Issue 2, May 2000 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 20, Issue 2, May 2006

825th Coast Artillery Battery (Separate), 1942-1943 28th Coast Artillery Battalion and the Defense of Saint Lucia CDSG Journal, Volume 14, Issue 4, November 2000 and Ascension Islands Coast Defense Journal, Volume 20, Issue 3, August 2006 The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 7 The Inner Harbor Fortifications of New York The Seacoast Defenses of Portland, Maine 1605-1946 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 20, Issue 4, November 2006 Part II Modern Batteries Coast Defense Journal, Volume 25, Issue 2, May 2011 The Railway Artillery Reserve, A.E.F., 1917-1918 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 21, Issue 1, February 2007 The Seacoast Defenses of Portland, Maine 1605-1946, Part III 1905-1939 Corregidor, the Early Years Coast Defense Journal, Volume 25, Issue 3, August 2011 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 21, Issue 3, August 2007 The Seacoast Defenses of Portland, Maine 1605-1946, The Seacoast Defenses of Galveston, Texas Part IV - 1940-1950 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 21, Issue 4, November 2007 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 25, Issue 4, November 2011

Fifty-Second Coast Artillery (Railway) Regiment Fort Tilden, NY Coast Defense Journal, Volume 22, Issue 1, February 2008 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 26, Issue 2, May 2012

Coast Artillery Organization: A Brief Overview Battery F, 244th Coast Artillery, on Guadalcanal Coast Defense Journal, Volume 22, Issue 2, May 2008 Coast Defense Journal, Volume 27, Issue 4, November 2013 * * * * * 265th Coast Artillery (Harbor Defense) Regiment Coast Defense Journal, Volume 22, Issue 3, August 2008 CDSG Special Tour to Norwegian and Atlantic Wall Defenses Defending the Narrows: The Harbor Defenses of Southern Part II: Defenses of the New York Part I: The Muzzleloading Era, 1524-1890 By Terrance McGovern Coast Defense Journal, Volume 22, Issue 4, November 2008 The CDSG special tour to the coast defenses of Norway took Defending the Narrows: The Harbor Defenses of Southern place from June 8 to June 19, 2013, with 24 tour members. The New York Part II, The Breechloading Era, 1890-1950 goal of this tour was to visit the world’s best collection of surviv- Coast Defense Journal, Volume 23, Issue 1, February 2009 ing coast artillery, especially the dozen “big guns” (greater than 280 mm) that remain, as well as other wonderful coast defense Coast Artillery Organizational History, 1917-1950, sites that still have their smaller artillery. During World War II Part I, Coast Artillery Regiments 1-196 Germany built (or converted existing Norwegian) over 280 coast The Coast Artillery on Shemya Island, 1943-1947 defense batteries mounting over 1,000 guns in Norway. Many of Coast Defense Journal, Volume 23, Issue 2, May 2009 these Atlantic Wall defenses were used by the Norwegian coast defense service after the war and many were maintained into the Coast Artillery Organizational History, 1917-1950, 1990s. The Norwegians added modern 75 mm and 120 mm Part II, Coast Artillery Regiments, OR and AUS batteries during the . The tour was able to visit over Coast Defense Journal, Volume 23, Issue 3, August 2009 50 examples of surviving coast artillery during the tour, many in their original emplacements. The Modern Coast Defenses of Mobile Bay 1865-1945 This is the ninth special tour that I have organized for the (Part 1) CDSG and the most complex logistically, due to the remoteness Coast Defense Journal, Volume 24, Issue 1, February 2010 of the locations and the long distances between sites. The tour’s ultimate success was due to the efforts of our local tour leaders, The Modern Coast Defenses of Mobile Bay 1865-1945 Svein Wiiger Olsen, Vic Phillipson, Pål Johnsen, and Harald (Part II) Isachsen, who arranged for our access to the many sites and Coast Defense Journal, Volume 24, Issue 2, May 2010 guided us to the defenses. This tour would have never happened without their efforts and we owe them many thanks for a great The Modern Coast Defenses of Mobile Bay 1865-1945 tour. We also want to thank tour members Mike Fiorini, Alan (Part III) Fyson, Terry McGovern, Michel van Best, and Keith Estes, who Coast Defense Journal, Volume 24, Issue 3, August 2010 each undertook the responsibility to organize and drive one of our five rental vehicles. They did a great job considering they have A History of Fort DeRussy never been to Norway before and they successfully kept track Coast Defense Journal, Volume 24, Issue 4, November 2010 of all their passengers during the long tour. Finally, we want to thank Denise Agostino from Premiere Travel for arranging the The Seacoast Defenses of Portland, Maine 1605-1946 air, hotel, and rental vehicles for the group. Part I: Portland’s Initial Defenses The November 2013 issue of the CDSG Newsletter contains Coast Defense Journal, Volume 25, Issue 1, February 2011 the tour report for Part I of the tour to the defenses of the Oslofjord. Part II of our tour began on the morning of June The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 8 12, 2013, (Day 5 of the tour) with our rental vehicles leaving Tonsberg for the 230 km (about 3 hour) drive to visit the coast defenses of Kristiansand, on the (the strait between Norway and ) at the mouth of the Otra River. It has a spacious, ice-free harbor, protected by offshore islands, and is the largest community of the Sørlandet region (current population is about 160,000). It is an important seaport including shipyards and a naval base, and as a result, several coast defense forts were built by both the Norwegians and the Germans. The first site we visited was Odderøya Fort, which is an island connected to the mainland by bridges south of the city. The island creates a natural division between the eastern and western port of Kris- tiansand as it rises about 200 meters above the city. The canal Gravanekanalen separates Odderøya Fort from the city center, but four bridges ensure that the island is easily accessible. This fort has been the location for military fortifications from the time of the Great Northern War (1700-21) to the end of the Cold War. There has been military activity on Odderøya from 1667 until 1993, when the fortress was phased out. In much of this period Odderøya served as a base and boot camp for the Norwegian Coastal Artillery. The most notable event took place on April 9, 1940, against German aircraft and warships during the invasion of Norway in Operation Weserübung. The site today is open to the public with variety of civic organizations occupying the former military buildings. Repurposing the fort continues today. Our tour focused on defenses constructed in the early 20th cen- tury. This was a period of military build-up, not least due to the tense relationship with . East Battery, Central Battery, CDSG Special Tour to Norway – June 8th to 19th 2013

Kristiansand Defenses - Places visited by tour: Odderoya Fort Laksevika Fort (Flekkeroy) Battery Vara Command Bunker (Flekkeroy) Movik Fort Sandviktoppen NATO Command Bunker The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 9 and Western Battery stood ready in the summer of 1903, each with two Armstrong 15 cm L/47.5 cannons. Primary armament was in Main Battery (with two St. Chamond 21 cm cannons) and the Howitzer Battery (with four St. Chamond 24 cm howitzers) which was fully opera- tional late in the winter of 1904. Later that same year, two 6.5 cm Cockerill guns were mounted in the eastern shore battery. During the WWI several command positions for the protection of fire control instruments were constructed at each battery, and the first air defense positions were established.

It was with these old weapons that eventually Odderøya Fort coastal forts on Flekkerøy and Eastern Randøy as Odderøya was met the German invasion April 9, 1940. The fort fired upon the too far within the harbor for the range of its guns. In the postwar approaching German warships, 30 rounds from the 21 cm guns, era, Odderøya received a three-gun 10.5 cm training battery. After 60 rounds from 15 cm cannons, and 12 howitzer rounds. Several some time, these guns were replaced with newer artillery guns of German ships were hit, but only an unfortunate merchant vessel, the same caliber; 10.5 cm SKC/32. Two of these guns remain in the M/S Seattle, that got in the middle of the battle was sunk. The place today, along with a memorial to the events of 1940. Germans bombarded the fortress, both with naval guns and from We were able to drive our vans right up to the top of the island the air. The fortress had 8 killed and 13 wounded in the fighting. and park behind the main gun line around 11 am. The area is During the German occupation of the city, they established the open parkland today, so most of the emplacements have been Artilleriegruppe Kristiansand headquarters at Odderøya Fort. sealed. Tour members quickly dispersed to visit various batteries They moved the 21 cm and 15 cm guns in 1940-1941 to new and other structures as it begun to rain. A very wet group gathered The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 10

for a field lunch before leaving the fort at 2 pm for the island 1958 they removed these guns. Each emplacement is located on of Flekkerøy. This island is about 15 km from Odderøya via an high rocks that rise out of the forest so a series of cableways was undersea tunnel once you drive through downtown Kristiansand. needed to transport ammunition from the wharf. The Germans Access to Laksevika Fort on Flekkerøy is complex, so we relied used a mixture of concrete and carved rock to build the fort’s on our local guide, Vic Phillipson, to show us the way through emplacements. After spending an hour exploring these slippery the woods and marshes to the two single gun emplacements that emplacements in the rain, we drove about 3 km to the Battery the German built (as MKB 3/502 Flekkeroy) to mount the two 21 Vara Command Bunker. This multi-level fire direction bunker cm St. Chamond L/45 guns they moved from Odderøya Fort in (S-100 model) was built by the Germans to be the principal 1940. In addition, the fort had three positions for 40 mm Bofors, position finding location for Battery Vara (asMKB 6/502) with four positions for 20 mm Flak, as well as four positions for 60 four 38 cm guns. The bunker is now used as a telecommunication cm searchlights. When the Norwegians abandoned the fort in installation, surrounded by a fence and cemented closed. After

Signal Staton at Odderoya Fort, Kristiansand West Battery (2 x 15cm L47.5 Armstrong) at Odderoya Fort, Kristiansand The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 11

Fire Control Station for Howitzer Battery (4 x 24cm L/16 St-Chamond) at Odderoya Fort, Kristiansand

10.5cm SKC/32 at Central Battery at Odderoya Fort, Kristiansand

Emplacement #2 for Howitzer Battery (4 x 24cm L/16 St-Chamond) at Odderoya Fort, Kristiansand

Cableway to 21cm emplacement at Laksevika Fort, Flekkerøy

Filled in Howitzer emplacement for memorial to German attack in 1940 at Odderoya Fort, Kristiansand

German built emplacement for 21cm gun at Laksevika Fire Control Station for Central Battery (2 x 15cm L/47.5 Fort, Flekkerøy Armstrong) at Odderoya Fort, Kristiansand The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 12 a brief visit, the group head back the 14 km to Kristiansand to check into Scandic Kristiansand Hotel for the next two nights.

Battery Vara Secondary Fire Control Bunker at Movik Fort

Battery Vara Fire Control and Command Bunker on Flekkerøy Day 6 began with a hotel breakfast and 10 km drive to Movik, which was the site of Battery Vara (as MAB 6./502 Vara) during World War II. After the war, the Norwegians named it Møvik Fort. The fort was constructed between 1941 and 1944 by the German navy to mount four 38 cm/52 SK C/34 guns in single S-169 emplacements on center-pintle mounts (C/39) with splin- ter shields. Together with four other coastal batteries, it formed the Kristiansand Artillery Group. Together with its sister battery CDSG members visit Battery Vara Secondary Fire Control at Hanstholm in Denmark (roughly 116 km away), Møvik Fort Bunker at Movik Fort was built to obstruct Allied naval forces by blocking the Skagerrak Strait and the seaways to Eastern Norway, as well as the access to the Kattegatt Strait leading to the Baltic Sea. Only a gap of 10 nautical miles in the Skagerrak could not be covered by the guns of these batteries. This gap was therefore mined to stop ships from avoiding the batteries’ fields of fire. Construction at Møvik commenced in the spring of 1941. At the initial stage, the work force was comprised of 750 Norwegians, 350 Danes, and 300 Germans. From early 1943, 200 Russian prisoners-of-war were also used, and they remained until the end of the war in 1945. As construction proceeded and guns were completed, the battery crew of 600 Germans arrived (450 sailors to man the guns and 150 soldiers for close-in defense). Emplacement #2 with surviving 38cm SKC/34 gun at Trial rounds were fired from Cannon #2 and #3 on March 12, Battery Vara, Movik Fort 1942, and from Cannon #4 in November of the same year. By then, the emplacement for Cannon #1 had been completed, but the gun itself had not yet been delivered. It was not until summer 1944 that work on Emplacement #1 was taken up again, but now as a casemated emplacement to protect the gun from aerial attack. The cannon well was covered with a casemate with a 4.5 meter-thick roof and 3.8 meter-thick walls, built in 10 weeks. Then the process of delivering the cannon parts was started. By the beginning of 1945, all the parts were in place, except for the barrel, which was the heaviest single part of the cannon (19.76 meters long and 110 tons). It was shipped on the Porto Alegre from Germany in February 1945, but on the night of February 22 it was sunk in the Kattegatt by a British air attack. In addition to the main cannon, there were 16 smaller guns, as well as many bunkers, defense posts, tunnels, barracks, and a 2.6 km railway Main Hall of Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at network to transport ammunition from the two large bunkers Battery Vara, Movik Fort The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 13 approximately 1 km to the rear of the cannons. For a few years German 88 mm AA gun to a small railway unit for the narrow- after the war, Møvik Fort was an operating Norwegian fortress. gauge line that served the fort. We next visited the huge casemate In 1953 it became part of Kristiansand fortress. On April 20, constructed over Emplacement #1, very similar to the German 1959, the fort was closed and in 1962 Cannons #3 and #4, as well batteries along the English Channel in . We then visited as the existing parts of Cannon #1, were scrapped. Fortunately, one of the S-174 reserve ammunition bunkers before exploring Cannon #2 was saved, and is today the only remaining example the emplacements for Cannons #4 and #3, which are abandoned. of this type. After extensive renovation in the late 1980s and early We also visited several 4 cm flak positions as well as several MG 1990s by local armed forces and the Foundation Kristiansand casemates and shelters, including a few Tobruk positions. Our Cannon Museum Møvik, a part of the fort was opened to the last stop was a communication/generator bunker before one last public in 1993. The Kristiansand Cannon museum is run today visit with the wonderful 38 cm gun. by the Foundation Kristiansand Cannon Museum Møvik and ad- ministered by the Nasjonale Festningsverk (National Fortresses). Our group gathered in the museum parking lot with our cameras and field lunches in hand, as we were scheduled to spend most of the day exploring Battery Vara. Our local guide, Vic Phillipson, started our guided tour at the battery’s second- ary fire control position. The challenge of a foggy day mixed with moss-covered rocks resulted in a number of slip and falls. Retreating to the safety of Cannon #2’s S-169 bunker we visited the museum in the ammunition magazines of the emplacement. We also visited the power rooms and ammunition handling area before walking to the topside of the emplacement to see the 38 cm gun and its mount. By this time it was noon, so we picnicked next to the emplacement before moving on to a storage building built by the museum to house its larger artifacts, ranging from an Powder Room of Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Shell Wagon waiting for projectile at flash proof doors at Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Shell Room of Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at Movik Fort Battery Vara, Movik Fort The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 14

Shell Room of Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Loading table with flash-proof doors behind at Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Fire Control computer at Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Power Room of Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort Chris Bristow purchases some large souvenirs at the Kannon Museum in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 15

38cm SKC/34 gun and mount in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort 38cm gun showing breech and block at Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Central Pintle in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

38cm gun showing breech and block at Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Inside 38cm mount with shell lift, loading table, and air ram for Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Large artifact on display at the Kannon Museum at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

CSDG watch loading drill for 38cm gun in Emplacement #2 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 16

Tank turret used in defense of Kristiansand’s airport during WWII at the Kannon Museum at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Rear of casemate for Emplacement #1 at Battery Vara, Huge casemate for Emplacement #1 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort Movik Fort

Entrance to reserve ammunition bunker at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Inside the casemate for Emplacement #1 at Battery Vara, Movik Fort The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 17 Back in our vans, we now traveled a few kilometers to an adjunct property where the abandoned underground command complex called Sandviktoppen is located. Sandviktoppen was NATO’s hardened command and control bunker for all of South- ern Norway. We parked our vans at the bottom of a hillside, at the former barracks and motor pool garage. We hiked up the road that led to a camouflaged entrance to a tunnel that led to heavy blast doors of NATO’s Atlantic North Command and Control Bunker, built during the Cold War. This NBC-proof (nuclear, biological, chemical) facility was in service until 1992. After being decommissioned, the bunker has been locked and sealed awaiting a decision about its future use, and is now owned by the local government. We explored the operations theatre, map room, command center, troop quarters, and all the engineering Entrance to bunker for Emplacement #4 at Battery Vara, spaces, which are still in relatively good condition, although with Movik Fort limited lighting. A few hardy tour members climbed the some 300 steps in the service tunnel to the radar and signals installa- tion above the complex. Returning to our vans we made our way back to our hotel in Kristiansand. This completed our tour of the defenses of the Kristiansand. Part three of the tour had us flying to and its U-boat bunkers from Kristiansand. We visited the triple 28 cm naval turret from Gneisenau at Orland and other defenses of Trond- heim Fjord over a three-day period. Part Four had us flying on to the / area, where we visited several fascinating batteries over two days: the main attraction was the four 40.6 cm guns at Battery Trondenes. From Harstad we flew back to and ended the tour. Due to the length of the tour and resulting long tour report, it will be published in the CDSG Newsletter over several issues. Emplacement #4 without 38cm SKC/34 gun at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

4 cm Flak position at Battery Vara, Movik Fort

Entrance to bunker for Emplacement #3 at Battery Vara, Entrance to NATO Command and Control Complex at Movik Fort Sandviktoppen, Movik The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 18 weighing about 120 tons. As these barrels are similar to the ones that were once in WWII 16-inch coast defense batteries, we ap- proached the current owners of such sites to see if they would be interested in preserving and interpreting a barrel at their site. As these barrels also saw wartime service during World War II and Korea we reached out to those who would have interest in displaying a barrel from such famous ships as USS Missouri, USS Iowa, and USS New Jersey. So far we were able to inspire three groups to take up the challenge of raising funds and organizing transportation. It was great accomplishment to have three barrels leave St. Juliens and make their way to new homes. One barrel went to the Cape Henlopen, DE, State Park (location of former Battery Smith at Fort Miles); the second went to the US Fish and Wildlife Refuge at Cape Charles, VA, (location of the former Control post at NATO Command and Control Complex Battery Winslow at Fort John Custis); while the third barrel was at Sandviktoppen, Movik taken by rail to the State Capitol in Arizona to become part of their World War II memorial (where is joined by a 14-inch barrel off USS Arizona). The task of finding good homes for the remaining five barrels (four off USSNew Jersey and one off USSIowa ) is even more dif- ficult, as many of most likely candidates have already declined to take on the financial and organizational effort to move a barrel to their site. The navy has proposed a November 1, 2014, deadline for this effort, after which the five barrels will offered for sale as scrap. Currently the best prospects for these barrels are: The Monmouth County Park System, NJ, has submitted a formal plan to move one of USS New Jersey’s barrels to the former Battery Lewis as part of their interpretive plan (see the CDSG Funds item on helping them raise funds). They hope to move a barrel this fall. Operations theatre at NATO Command and Control The USS Iowa Association wants to move the barrel from USS Complex at Sandviktoppen, Movik Iowa to the USS Iowa Memorial (dedicated to the 47 sailors that died during a turret explosion in 1989) on the Norfolk Naval Station. While they have official approval from the navy, they have just begun their fundraising effort. We are trying to develop with the State of Virginia a Cape * * * * * Henry Lighthouse/First Landing Memorial at Cape Henry, VA, 16-Inch Guns - Last Call (location of the former Battery Ketchum at Fort Story), but we Terrance McGovern need local support. A small civic group in Oklahoma City has expressed interest Still looking for good homes for five 16-inch/50 barrels in a battleship barrel for their riverfront redevelopment plans, and time is running out but they would really like a 14-inch barrel like that of the USS Barrels need new homes by November 1 or they may be Oklahoma. scrapped There is a possibility that a US Air Force fuse testing project in Florida will require several barrels, but this just an interesting In June 2011, the Coast Defense Study Group (www.CDSG. idea with no funding as yet. org) was asked to help find safe homes for eight historic 16- We need your help in finding organizations that will take a inch/50 Mark 7 navy gun barrels located at St. Juliens Creek barrel and give it a good home and we need to do it now. Please Naval Annex in Chesapeake, VA, or the barrels would cut into let Terry McGovern at 703/934-3661 or [email protected] eight-foot sections and scrapped. The US Navy is purging all the know if you have a good home in mind for any of these 16- Iowa-class materials in their inventory and as the navy felt that inch/50 barrels. they had allowed plenty of time for qualified organizations to Note: We are also looking for a good home are four 8-inch/55 claim these barrels, it was now time to liquidate them (as they Mark 14 guns. These barrels are located in Suffield, Alberta, did for 14 similar barrels in storage at Hawthorne, NV, in June Canada, where they were used in experimental testing. These last 2011). The CDSG was able to convince the navy to give us more remaining 8”/55 Mk 14 guns are going to be scrapped soon if time to find organizations that would be able to take care of a nobody takes an interest in them, as the Canadian Armed Forces 16-inch/50 barrel and pay for the cost of moving a 70-foot object has an active project to dispose of them. These guns armed two The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 19 early aircraft carriers as well as many of the 1920s to 1930s treaty County Park System, NJ, to help them restore Battery Lewis and cruisers. They are about 33 feet long and weigh about 30 tons. transport a 16-inch/50 barrel from St. Julien Creek Naval Annex The photographs below show the five remaining 16-inch/50 to the battery. Since February 2014, members have donated $250 Mark 7 barrels at St. Juliens Creek Naval Annex, waiting for a towards this project but we need more donations from you to new home. reach the $1,500 challenge goal. Over the past two years the CDSG Fund has donated funds from our members to help several 16-inch/50 barrels find good homes. We provided $3,000 to the Fort Miles Historical Association to help them to move a barrel to Cape Henlopen, DE. We also provided $3,000 to help move a barrel to the USFWS at Cape Charles, VA. We want to do the same for The Friends of the Parks for the Monmouth County Park System. Having a 16-inch barrel in the gun casemate will allow visitors a better understanding of the function of these massive structures. Your donation can make this happen. Remember your gift to the CDSG Fund is tax-deductible for federal tax purposes and 100% of your gift will go to the Battery Lewis 16-inch/50 * * * * * Project (please indicate this purpose on your check). Please send CDSG T-Shirts Are Available Again! your check made payable to the CDSG Fund as soon as possible, Updated Design and New T-Shirt Color - Black as the CDSG Fund will match your gift, dollar for dollar, up to Terrance McGovern $1,500. Your check should be mailed to Sam Stokes at P.O. Box 807, Bogeda Bay, CA 94923-0807 USA. You can also donate The CDSG is happy to announce that our T-shirt supply has via the CDSG website at www.cdsg.org. been refreshed with over 200 shirts in varying size and colors. We have updated the design on the back of the shirt and add a new color – Black (is black a color?) with white ink. We have stocked primarily large sizes (L, XL, XXL, XXXL) because that is where the demand is, but we do have some mediums and smalls. Colors beside black are navy blue with yellow ink, fire engine red with white ink, and army khaki with black ink. Please order your t-shirts today and help raise awareness of the CDSG. Please send your orders to Terry McGovern at 1700 Oak Lane, McLean, VA 22101, with cash or check (US$18 domestic or US$26 foreign) or you can order on-line at CDSG.org using your credit card. Below is the back side of our updated t-shirt. The front remains the same. Battery Lewis * * * * * Future CDSG Tours to the Defenses of Panama and Switzerland Terrance McGovern

Paolo Sanfilippo and Terry McGovern are discussing a possible CDSG special tour to the defenses of the Panama Canal for 2015. The first and last CDSG tour to Panama was in 1993, so it has been 20 years since the CDSG has toured these defenses. Recently, several CDSG members returned from a private tour of the defenses of Panama with Paolo and reported back on the details of their tour (please see Michel van Best’s report on the * * * * * CDSG website). While many coast defense sites have suffered Battery Lewis, Hartshorne Woods Park from economic development in the last 20 years, many batter- Challenge Update: Member Donations Needed ies remain and are accessible. Paolo has developed this tentative for 16-inch/50 and Battery Lewis schedule below (subject to change) for a 10-day tour to the Monmouth County Park System, New Jersey defenses of Panama. Terrance McGovern, CDSG Fund Trustee Please advise Terry McGovern at [email protected] of your interest in attending a 10-day special tour to Panama. Based on The CDSG Fund has challenged our membership to match its your response by the end of the year, we will begin the detailed $1,500 donation to The Friends of the Parks for the Monmouth planning process. The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 20

Chain mail helps protect this 15.5 cm casemate at Festung Magletsch, Sargans

Please advise Terry McGovern at [email protected] of your interest in attending a 10-day special tour to Switzerland. Based on your response, by the end of the year we will begin the detailed planning process. * * * * * CDSG Logo Hats, Shirts & Patches

The CDSG is pleased to offer custom-made hats, T-shirts and patches to our membership. Wearing these hats, T-shirts and patches are a great way to make others aware of the CDSG and its goals. It is also an excellent way to promote new member- ships in the CDSG. The CDSG patches have been available for several years. De- signed especially for the CDSG, these quality patches combine the Coast Artillery Corps and the Corps of Engineers symbols to reflect their involvement in U.S. coastal defenses. This logo is now on hats and a set of T-shirts which are great for showing the CDSG “flag.” To order your hat, T-shirt or patch, please complete the order form below and send it along with your check (made out to CDSG, Inc.) to Terry McGovern at 1700 Oak Lane, McLean, Swiss cows man 10.5 cm turret at VA 22101-3326 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). Festung Furggels, Sargans CDSG hats, T-shirts and patches ordering information Black T-sirt with white ink: Pascal Bruchez and Maurice Lovisa of the ASMEM (Associa- Size & # ___L ___XL ___2XL ___3XL tion St-Maurice d’Etudes Militaires), the primary fortification Red T-Shirt with white ink: study group in Switzerland (similar to the CDSG) have invited us Size & # ___L ___XL ___2XL ___3XL to visit the fortifications of Switzerland for a week in 2016. The Kaki T-Shirt with black ink: focus of the tour will be the National Redoubt, encompassing a Size & # ___L ___XL ___2XL ___3XL widely distributed set of fortifications on a general east-west line Navy T-shirt with yellow ink: through the Alps, centering on three major fortress complexes, Size & # ___L ___XL ___2XL ___3XL Fortresses St. Maurice, St. Gotthard, and Sargans. These fortresses Total Number: ____ times $_____ = Total $_____ primarily defended the alpine crossings between Germany and (domestic $18/overseas $26 each) Italy. We will also visit a few defense sites of the Border Line, the Patch: _____ times $_____ = Total $_____ advance line of defenses near the borders; and Army Position, (domestic $4/overseas $6) each somewhat farther back. These two defense lines were designed Hats: ______times $ _____ = Total $ _____ to protect the Swiss heartland (the industrialized and populated (domestic $20/overseas $25) each heart of Switzerland) Be sure to include your name and shipping address.

You can also order online at http://cdsg.org/shopping/ The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 21 * * * Support the CDSG.ORG Website

The CDSG supports its web site ONLY through donations. If you download PDF files from the website, please help the CDSG continue to maintain it by donating a shareware fee. The suggested fees will be noted next to each PDF document. We * * * * * suggest a minimum donation of $5.00. Thank you for supporting Company of Military Historians the CDSG web site! This organization is dedicated to the study and preservation of military history in the Americas. Its objectives are to promote and advance the research of military history and traditions through publications, exhibits, and meetings. Members include anyone interested in military history, such as historians, collectors, writers, artists, and those involved in living history. The company publishes the quarterly journal, Military Collectors and Historian, and an ongoing series of color plates— “Military Uniforms in America.” For membership information contact: Company of Military Historians David M. Sullivan, Administrator P.O. BOX 910, Rutland, MA 01543-0910 Phone:508-845-9229 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] http://www.military-historians.org.

* * * * * * * * * * The Artilleryman Magazine Warship International Steam Back Into History… The Artilleryman is the only magazine exclusively for artillery shooters and collectors. History, unit profiles, events, places to Go to sea with the ships of the world’s navies – the USN’s Es- visit, book reviews, advertising. It is published quarterly; subscrip- sex & Independence-class carriers, the Arizona, the Japanese I-400 tions are $18 a year. We are also publishers of The Civil War News. class subs, HMS Vanguard, Czarist Russia’s , French Free sample copies of both publications are available. cruisers of the 1922 Program. These are subjects of some of the Historical Publications, Inc. articles that have appeared in recent issues of Warship International. 234 Monarch Hill Rd. These issues are still in print and can be obtained at special rates Tunbridge, VT 05077 for new members. Call 1-800-777-1862 fax (802) 889-5627 What ever happened to USS Lexington’s (CV-2) 8” guns? email: [email protected] How much do you know about the cannon of “Old Ironsides”? Artillery safety rules and more Civil War information posted Want to learn more about early naval radio experiments? at www.civilwarnews.com.

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A SAMPLE COPY $3.25, this includes postage & handling. Military Past WARSHIP INTERNATIONAL See our web site for information on publications and activities Dept. CD P.O. Box 48 www.campjamp.org Holden, MA 01520-0048 See us on the World Wide Web: http://www.warship.org The CDSG Newsletter, May 2014 Page 22 The Coast Defense Study Group The Coast Defense Study Group Press http://cdsg.org/shopping/ The CDSG Newsletter is published quarterly by the Coast Defense http://cdsg.org/cdsg-epress/ Study Group, Inc. along with the Coast Defense Journal. Submissions for the newsletter should be sent to the editor or publisher below. This is an all-volunteer operation provided as a service to our members Submission deadlines are the first of the month in February, May, August, and to other interested historians. Credit card orders are accepted on and November of each calender year. All rights are reserved. Comments the cdsg.org website. For mail orders please send check or money order on business matters should be addressed directly to the Chairman of the in U.S currency. Please note clearly in your order which items you are Board of Directors. ordering. All prices include domestic / international shipping costs (US CDSG Publications Postal Service). Allow at least 8-10 weeks for delivery. PO Box 6124, Peoria, IL 61601 [email protected] CDSG Publications 1985-2013 DVD (Volumes 1-27) Text-seachable PDF files of the entire set ofCDSG News/Journal/Newsletters $55 domestic The CDSG is a non-profit corporation formed to promote the study and foreign. An updated copy can be purchased for $10 by sending the of coast defenses and fortifications, their history, architecture, technol- tray insert from the old CD/DVD. ogy, and strategic and tactical employment. The purposes of the group CDSG Documents DVD $50 domestic and foreign mail. These PDFs include educational research and documentation, preservation of historic cover a range of historical documents related to seacoast defenses, most are sites, site interpretation, and assistance to other organizations interested copied from the National Archives. Included are PDFs of annual reports in the preservation and interpretation of coast defense sites. Membership of the chief of coast artillery and chief of engineers; various board pro- in the CDSG is open to any person interested in the study of the coast ceedings and reports; army directories; text books; tables of organization defenses and fortifications of the United States. and equipment; WWII command histories; drill, field, training manuals Annual dues for 2014 are $40 domestic, $55 for Canada, and $70 and regulations; ordnance department documents; ordnance tables and for international. compilations; and ordnance gun and carriage cards. Join online at cdsg.org. Harbor Defense Documents. These PDF documents form the basis of Checks payable to: The Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. (CDSG) the Conference and Special Tour Handouts that have been held at harbor Send to: Sam Stokes, CDSG Membership Chairman defense locations around the U.S. The collection includes RCBs/RCWs; Post Office Box 807, Bodega Bay, CA 94923-0807 maps; annexes to defense projects; CD engineer notebooks; quartermaster (707) 875-3928, [email protected] building records; and aerial photos taken by the signal corps 1920-40. These collections are available as PDFs on DVD, the size of the collec- 2013-2014 Board of Directors of the CDSG tion varies from harbor to harbor. Please visit cdsg.org for more details. Norman Scarpulla (Chair) Past meetings include: Manila Bay, PI, 1991; Oahu, Hawaii 1991; Los Mike Fiorini Angeles/San Diego 1992; Canal Zone, Panama 1993; Delaware River Quentin Schillare 1996; New York 1997; Tampa/Key West 1998; Columbia River 1999; Chesapeake Bay 2000; Portsmouth/North Boston 2001; Mississippi River CDSG Publications 2002; Long Island Sound 2003; Charleston/Savannah 2004; Portland Bolling W. Smith, Journal Editor 2005; San Francisco 2006; Boston 2007; Galveston 2008; Baltimore/ Mark Berhow, Publisher Washington 2009; Puget Sound 2010; Wilmington, 2010; Narragansett CDSG Press Bay/New Bedford 2011; Great Lakes 2012, Pensacola and Mobile 2013. Terry McGovern Please visit cdsg.org for a complete listing of electronic documents. CDSG Fund Terry McGovern, Trustee CSDG Press Books ($ domestic / $ international) Mark Berhow, Trustee Notes on Seacoast Fortification Construction, by Col. Eben E. Winslow (GPO, Sam Stokes, Trustee 1920), hard cover reprint, with 29 plates included in a separate paperback. Membership Committee Both items: $35 / $45 Sam Stokes, Secretary Seacoast Artillery Weapons (Army Technical Manual 4-210, 13 Oct. 1944), Finance Committee hard cover reprint. $25 / $35 Terry McGovern,Treasurer The Service of Coast Artillery, by F. Hines and F.W. Ward (1910), Preservation Committee hardcover reprint $40 / $60 Gordon Bliss Representative & Outreach Committee Permanent Fortifications and Sea-Coast Defenses, Congressional Report No. 62, position open U.S. House of Rep. (1862), hardcover reprint $30 / $45 Projects & Website Committee American Seacoast Matériel, Ordnance Dept. Doc. #2042, (1922), Mark Berhow, Chris Zeeman Hardcover reprint $45 / $65 Audit Committee American Seacoast Defenses: A Reference Guide, Second Edition, Charlie Robbins, Glen Williford edited by Mark Berhow (2004), softcover $45 / $80 Nominations Committee The Endicott and Taft Reports,reprint of original reports of 1886, 1905, 1915, Chris Zeeman, Chair hardcover, with plates included in a separate paperback $45/ $80 Artillerists and Engineers, the Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortications, 1794- Upcoming Conference and Tour Committees 1815, by Arthur P. Wade (2010) $25/ $40 Order online at cdsg.org 2014 Special Tour to the Philippines—Andres Grant, Chair Checks payable to: CDSG Press 2014 Los Angeles/San Diego Conference­—Mike Fiorini, Chair send Press orders: CDSG Press Distribution 2015 Delaware River Conference—Chris Zeeman, Chair C/O Terry McGovern, 2015 Proposed Special Tour to Panama 1700 Oak Lane, McLean, VA 22101-3326 2016 Proposed Tampa & Key West—Charlie Bogart, Chair email: [email protected] 2016 Proposed Special Tour to Switzerland defenses