Development of the National War College and Peer Institutions: a Comparative Study of the Growth and Interrelationship of US Military Senior Service Colleges
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W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1982 Development of the National War College and peer institutions: a comparative study of the growth and interrelationship of US military senior service colleges Vernon Eugene Johnson College of William & Mary - School of Education Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Higher Education Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Vernon Eugene, "Development of the National War College and peer institutions: a comparative study of the growth and interrelationship of US military senior service colleges" (1982). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539618520. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25774/w4-03v6-mv81 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. 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Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. owner.Further reproductionFurther reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. without permission. 8219047 Johnson, Vernon Eugene DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE AND PEER INSTITUTIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE GROWTH AND INTERRELATIONSHIP OF US MILITARY SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGES The College of William and Mary in Virginia Ed.D. 1982 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M I 48106 Copyright 1982 by Johnson, Vernon Eugene All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. owner.Further reproductionFurther reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. without permission. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE AND PEER INSTITUTIONS A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE GROWTH AND INTERRELATIONSHIP OF US MILITARY SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGES A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education by Vernon Eugene Johnson February 1982 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE AND PEER INSTITUTIONS A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE GROWTH AND INTERRELATIONSHIP OF US MILITARY SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGES by Vernon Eugene Johnson Approved February 1982 by Armand J. Galfo, Ed.D. laid J. Herrmann, Ph.D. Paul Unger, PH^TT'' Chairman of Doct Committee Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION........................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................. ii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION................................................. 1 The Problem............................................... 1 Purpose of the Study..................................... 1 Significance of the Study................................ 2 Scope of the Study....................................... 2 Methods, Procedures and Limitations...................... 3 Definitions............................................... 4 Related Secondary Literature............................. 5 Related Primary Sources.................................. 8 Design of the Study...................................... 11 Chapter II. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS...................................... 14 European Beginnings...................................... 16 Beginnings of U.S. Senior Service Colleges............. 19 Chapter III. FACTORS INFLUENCING DEVELOPMENT OF SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGES............................................ 33 Reasons for Establishment of the U.S. Senior Service War Colleges............................................ 33 Reasons for the Establishment of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces........................... 42 Reasons for the Establishment of the Joint Army and Navy Staff College............................ 44 Reasons for the Establishment of the National War College............................................ 45 Chapter IV. ROLES, ATTITUDES AND INFLUENCES OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE FORMATION OF SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGES...................... 49 Reaction to the U.S. Senior Services War College......... 50 Reaction to the Joint Army and Navy Staff College................................................. 61 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter V. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES 68 European Models.......................................... 69 Curriculum and Instruction at the U. S. Senior Services War Colleges.................................. 73 Curriculum and Instruction at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces........................... 93 Curriculum and Instruction at the National War College...............................,............ 97 Chapter VI. REASONS FOR EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE SENIOR SERVICE SCHOOLS................................................... 110 Military Requirements for Personnel With Graduate Degrees................................... 112 Civilian Versus Military Colleges as Sources for Graduate Education....... 115 Arguments on Consolidating the Senior Service Colleges....................................... 124 Views on Requirements for a Standardized Curriculum at all Senior Service Colleges.............. 127 Chapter VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.................................. 138 Summary of Reasons for Establishment of the Various Senior Service Schools........................ 143 Review of Curriculum Development and Instructional Strategies.............................. 145 Answering a Question of Need............................ 151 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................... 153 VITA............................................................ 164 ABSTRACT.................... 165 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Dedication This report is dedicated to Bobby and the kids without whose support, understanding and encouragement this would not have been possible. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Inspiration for the study leading to this report resulted from some questions raised during seminar discussions conducted by Professor Willard C. Frank and Carl Boyd in their History of Strategy and Policy program at Old Dominion University. Both Dr. Frank and Dr. Boyd imbued the writer with a desire to perform research in the fields of military strategy and policy and in military and naval history. I thank them for planting the seed. Special thanks are due Dr. Boyd for use of materials from his extensive private library of military and naval history. The writer owes a debt of gratitude to a number of people in Washington, D.C.; Carlisle, Pennsylvania; Newport, Rhode Island; Montgomery, Albama; Norfolk, Virginia; and Hampton, Virginia for their encouragement and support. Chief among these are: Lieutenant General R. G. Gard, Jr., President of the National Defense University,