Het Baltische Gebied
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Fontannikud Enamlaste Võitlussalga Lõhestajaina
Fontannikud enamlaste võitlussalga lõhestajaina Aarne Ruben Selles artiklis on vaatluse all lõhe Eesti kommunistide vahel, mille tekke- aeg ulatub juba I maailmasõja eelsetesse sündmustesse. Lõhe halvendas liikumise juhtide omavahelisi suhteid, raskendas põrandaalust võitlust vabariigi vastu ja seega enamlaste kavatsetud maailmarevolutsiooni- ürituse läbiviimist ning viis lõppkokkuvõttes paradoksaalsel kombel peaaegu kõigi asjaosaliste hävitamiseni peamiselt 1937. aastal. Erinevalt varem kirjutanud autorite käsitlustest pole siinse kirjutise põhirõhk aga mitte kommunistide intriigidel Leningradis ja Moskvas, vaid konspira- tiivses elus, reaalses võitluses Eesti Vabariigi vastu. Põrandaaluste kommunistide heitlust Eesti kaitsepolitseiga iseloo- mustab palju saladusi. Pöördelised hetked, nagu tulevahetus kommu- nistidega Tallinnas Jaama tänaval, Viktor Kingissepa äraandmine ja kättesaamine, Saku Võisilma talu salatrükikoja tabamine 1920. aastal, tulevahetus Kreuksiga ja tema tapmine – kõik need on leidnud oma koha rahva ajaloolises mälus. 2010. aastal ilmunud Reigo Rosenthali ja Marko Tammingu „Sõda pärast rahu. Eesti eriteenistuste vastasseis Nõukogude luure ja põrandaaluste kommunistidega 1920–1924“ ja Olaf Kuuli „Fon- tanka ja Moika vahel. Eesti kommunistide sisetülidest 1919–1938“ ning 2014. aastal ilmunud Jaak Valge „Punased I“ on avanud ajastu põhilisi probleeme.1 On oluline analüüsida Eestimaa Kommunistliku Partei (edaspidi EKP) Venemaa büroo fondis leiduvat kirjavahetust.2 Selles kirjavahetuses 1 Reigo Rosenthal ja Marko Tamming, -
Imperiology and Religion.Indd
10 FROM NATIONAL TERRITORIAL AUTONOMY TO INDEPENDENCE OF ESTONIA: THE WAR AND REVOLUTION 1 IN THE BALTIC REGION, 1914-1917 TIIT ROSENBERG INTRODUCTION Although the interactions between imperial management and nation-building, on which this part of the collection focuses, can be un- derstood from century-long perspectives, one should not ignore the fact that the Russian Empire fell apart not as a consequence of chronological contradictions between imperial and national principles, but rather in a peculiar conjuncture of events caused by World War I and the subse- quent revolutions.2 How were these long-term and conjuncture factors combined to affect Estonians’ quest for autonomy and independence? This chapter is devoted to this very question. From the beginning of the twentieth century, the three major politi- cal actors in the Baltic region, that is, the Baltic German elite, Estonian and Latvian nationals, and the Russian imperial authorities were involved in two serious problems of the region—the agrarian issue and regional self-government. In comparison with the agrarian question, to which policy-makers and intellectuals both in the imperial metropolis and the Baltic region began to pay attention as early as the 1840s, the question of regional self-government was relatively new for contemporaries, and 1 This article has been supported by the Estonian Science Foundation grant No 5710. 2 This point has been stressed by Andreas Kappeler, Russland als Vielvölkerreich: Entstehung, Geschichte, Zerfall (München, 1992), pp. 267-299; Ronald Grigor Suny, The Revenge of the Past. Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union, (Stanford, 1993), pp. -
Bajo El Signo Del Escorpión
Por Juri Lina Bajo el Signo del Escorpión pg. 1 de 360 - 27 de septiembre de 2008 Por Juri Lina pg. 2 de 360 - 27 de septiembre de 2008 Por Juri Lina PRESENTACION Juri Lina's Book "Under the Sign of the Scorpion" is a tremendously important book, self-published in the English language in Sweden by the courageous author. Jüri Lina, has been banned through out the U.S.A. and Canada. Publishers and bookstores alike are so frightened by the subject matter they shrink away and hide. But now, braving government disapproval and persecution by groups that do not want the documented information in Under the Sign of the Scorpion to see the light of day, Texe Marrs and Power of Prophecy are pleased to offer Mr. Lina's outstanding book. Lina's book reveals what the secret societies and the authorities are desperate to keep hidden—how Jewish Illuminati revolutionaries in the United States, Britain, and Germany—including Marx, Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin—conspired to overthrow the Czar of Russia. It details also how these monsters succeeded in bringing the bloody reign of Illuministic Communism to the Soviet Empire and to half the world's population. Under the Sign of the Scorpion reveals the whole, sinister, previously untold story of how a tiny band of Masonic Jewish thugs inspired by Satan, funded by Illuminati bigwigs, and emboldened by their Talmudic hatred were able to starve, bludgeon, imprison and massacre over 30 million human victims with millions more suffering in Soviet Gulag concentration camps. Fuhrer Adolf Hitler got his idea for Nazi concentration camps from these same Bolshevik Communist butchers. -
127609193.Pdf
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library Tartu Ülikool Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut Uusima aja osakond Eimar Tärk 1919. aasta Muhu- ja Saaremaa mäss ning selle kuvandid eestikeelses ajakirjanduses perioodil 1919-1940 Bakalaureusetöö Juhendaja: Aigi Rahi-Tamm, PhD Tartu 2017 Sisukord Sissejuhatus ....................................................................................................................... 2 1. 1919. aasta Muhu- ja Saaremaa mäss ........................................................................... 8 1.1 Mässu käik .............................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Mässu põhjused ..................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Mässu järelkajad.................................................................................................... 15 2. Muhu- ja Saaremaa mässu kuvandid ja nende analüüs ............................................... 19 2.1. Ametlik kuvand .................................................................................................... 20 2.1.1. Sisu ................................................................................................................ 20 2.1.2. Argumentatsioonistrateegiad......................................................................... 21 2.1.3. Keeleline teostus .......................................................................................... -
Tanel Rander, Aarne Ruben
was quite lately understood as “extraterrestrial”. THE POWER OF Mass culture embodied the geopolitical turn and empowered itself through everlasting NOSTALGIA contemporaneity – the era, where ideology and history had ceased to exist. A new subjectivity Tanel Rander started to sprout everywhere – millions of people with identical desires, millions of new global citizens had emerged. For them globality started WHO OWNS MY SUBJECTIVITY1? from the first border control between the East and the West. Last autumn I participated in the conference “Communist Nostalgia” in the University of I was one of such subjectivities. To me the 90s Glasgow, where, during public discussion, an meant teenage – the most receptive age of being American lady made a remark like this: open to ideology. Music defined my relation with the world outside. Music was like a protective “It would be really bizarre if East layer that saved me from the brutal reality that Europeans would be nostalgic like I could never identify with. I lived deep inside of us, for the late 80s and early 90s, my imagination, as teenagers often do. My long I mean grunge music, Kurt Cobain, etc. hair made me withstand constant harassments It would be really, really bizarre!”. that came from everywhere, except my family and few friends. I spent a lot of time watching I felt personally touched, as precisely this era MTV and playing Nirvana songs on guitar. and these keywords played important role in I used to daydream of Seattle – I imagined the formation of my subjectivity. Nostalgia is rather Annelinn block houses into Seattle skyline. -
The Western Republics: Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and the Baltics Serhy Yekelchyk
19 The western republics: Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and the Baltics serhy yekelchyk The Soviet west, an arch of non-Russian republics extending from the Gulf of Finland in the north to the Black Sea in the south and separating Russia proper from other European states, came to the attention of scholars during the late 1960s and early 1970s. While Western sovietologists have long studied each individual country in the region – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belorussia/ Belarus, Ukraine and Moldavia/Moldova – before the 1960s, they did not think of the Soviet west as an entity. But the region’s prominence in the dissident movement during the 1960s suggested that the western fringe of the USSR might become a catalyst of nationalist unrest and, possibly, a channel for the spillover of democratic ideas from Eastern Europe. The region was now seen as a place where the Soviet collapse might begin. Yet, as North American scholars pioneered the use of the term ‘Soviet west’, they soon discovered the difficulties of defining this region in economic or social terms – which was at the time considered a clue for understand- ing nationality perseverance there. In his lead article in the 1975 collection The Soviet West: Interplay between Nationality and Social Organization , Ralph S. Clem proposed that the area was characterised by ‘high to moderate levels of economic development with relation to other areas of the USSR’, but had to qualify this generalisation by excluding the republic of Moldavia, as well as some areas of Ukraine, Belorussia and Lithuania. Of the usual social con- sequences of economic development, except perhaps for low fertility, neither high educational level nor high urbanisation qualified as defining character- istics of the region. -
Novels, Histories, Novel Nations Historical Fiction and Cultural Memory in Finland and Estonia
Novels, Histories, Novel Nations Historical Fiction and Cultural Memory in Finland and Estonia Edited by Linda Kaljundi, Eneken Laanes and Ilona Pikkanen Studia Fennica Historica The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Pasi Ihalainen, Professor, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Timo Kaartinen, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Taru Nordlund, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Riikka Rossi, Title of Docent, Researcher, University of Helsinki, Finland Katriina Siivonen, Sunstitute Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Lotte Tarkka, Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Secretary General, Dr. Phil., Finnish Literature Society, Finland Tero Norkola, Publishing Director, Finnish Literature Society, Finland Maija Hakala, Secretary of the Board, Finnish Literature Society, Finland Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Novels, Histories, Novel Nations Historical Fiction and Cultural Memory in Finland and Estonia Edited by Linda Kaljundi, Eneken Laanes & Ilona Pikkanen Finnish Literature Society SKS • Helsinki Studia Fennica Historica 19 The publication has undergone a peer review. -
Thesis with Signature Marii Valjataga
A small nation in monuments A study of ruptures in Estonian memoryscape and discourse in the 20th century Marii Väljataga Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, June 30, 2016 European University Institute Department of History and Civilization A small nation in monuments A study of ruptures in Estonian memoryscape and discourse in the 20th century Marii Väljataga Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Professor Pavel Kolář (EUI) - Supervisor Professor Alexander Etkind (EUI) Professor Siobhan Kattago (University of Tartu) Prof. dr hab. Jörg Hackmann (University of Szczecin, University of Greifswald) © Marii Väljataga, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I, Marii Väljataga, certify that I am the author of the work A small nation in monuments. A study of ruptures in Estonian memoryscape and discourse in the 20th century I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications. I certify that this work complies with the Code of Ethics in Academic Research issued by the European University Institute (IUE 332/2/10 (CA 297). -
From the Archives
From the Archives Edited by Nikolai V. Zlobin Thirteen Documents from the Secret Archives of Iosif Stalin An archival boom is presently underway in Russia. For the first time in many decades, it is possible for scholars, journalists and public figures to gain access to previously private and secret information. Everything is not quite so simple, however. On the one hand, there is neither a legal basis for the procedures of declassifying materials, nor are there workable laws concerning government secrets and archival files. On the other hand, the archives of the central and local organs of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the army and the KGB were never cleared for research. As a result, many basic facilities still lack, and the researcher has to work with unpolished documents, rudimentary copying machines, etc. Reading rooms are almost non-existent. Since the time of their opening, the archival reserves have grown almost twice their original size and today contain approximately 193 million files. Yet, there are still those who are hindering the attainment of complete access to these files by trying to monopolize the newly opened reserves for their own use. In the last issue of Demokratizatsiya we began to publish previously unknown materials from the Russian archives. The idea of a special archival section was met with a great deal of enthusiasm and support by our readers from both sides of the Great Divide. So we decided to publish the section regularly. Our journal signed a special agreement of cooperation with one of the richest and most previously inaccessible archives—the Russian Center for the Preservation and Study of Documents of Contemporary History (RTsKhIDNI). -
Social Democracy & State Foundation: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
Social Democracy & State Foundation Estonia Latvia Lithuania SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND STATE FOUNDATION ESTONIA, LATVIA, LITHUANIA Table of content Foreword: Social Democracy and the Founding of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Tobias Mörschel . 2 Authors . .. 4 The Inception of Social Democracy and Statehood in Estonia Tõnu Ints / Kristjan Saharov . .5 1 | Social Democracy prior to Independence . 7 2 | The Road to Independence . 15 3 | Building the New State . 27 4 | The Subsequent Role of the Social Democrats . 39 5 | A Look Back at the Achievements of the Social Democrats . 48 Literature . 51 Latvian Statehood and Social Democracy Ivars Ījabs . 53 1 | The New Agenda: Socialism and Latvian National Movement . .. 57 2 | Social Democracy and Statehood . 73 3 | Social Democracy and 18 November . 85 4 | The LSDSP and the Independent State . .. 93 5 | The Demise and Legacy of the LSDSP . 107 6 | Conclusion . 113 Literature . 118 Social Democracy in the Formation of the Modern Lithuanian State Gintaras Mitrulevičius . 119 1 | Historical Context of Lithuanian Social Democracy and Ideological-Programmatic Assumptions and Political Aspirations . .. 121 2 | Role of the Social Democrats in the (Re)Construction of the Lithuanian State (1914–1919) . 139 3 | Social Democracy in the Consolidation of Lithuanian Statehood (1920–1922) . 153 Literature . 163 Summaries of the country studies . 165 1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND STATE FOUNDATION Foreword Social Democracy and the Founding of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Nineteen eighteen was a pivotal year in the history of the Baltic states . Estonia and Latvia achieved statehood and independence for the first time and Lithuania regained them after a long interruption . The proclamation and founding of the three republics occurred at the end of the First World War when the map of Europe was being reshaped and democratisation was surging across the board . -
REPORT the Bronze Soldier Crisis of 2007 Revisiting an Early Case of Hybrid Conflict
REPORT The Bronze Soldier Crisis of 2007 Revisiting an early case of hybrid Conflict August 2020 Ivo Juurvee Mariita Mattiisen Title: The Bronze Soldier Crisis of 2007: Revisiting an Early Case of Hybrid Conflict Authors: Juurvee, Ivo; Mattiisen, Mariita Publication date: August 2020 Category: Report Cover page photo: A street looter in Tallinn, during the protests on 26 April 2007 (photo credit: Liis Treimann / Scanpix) Keywords: crisis, coercion, cyber attacks, hybrid threats, internal security, hostile propaganda, resilience, riots, sanctions, Estonia, Russia Disclaimer: The views and opinions contained in this report are those of its author(s) only and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the International Centre for Defence and Security or any other organisation ISSN 2228-0529 ISBN 978-9949-7484-2-6 (print) 978-9949-7484-3-3 (pdf) ©International Centre for Defence and Security 63/4 Narva Rd., 10152 Tallinn, Estonia [email protected], www.icds.ee The Bronze Soldier Crisis I Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank all interviewees both on and off the record, the state institutions of Estonia and foreign embassies for sharing materials at their disposal, and Baltic News Service, BBC Monitoring Service and the EU Mission to Moscow for their cooperation. We thank the Open Information Partnership for its valuable support. About the authors Dr Ivo Juurvee Dr Ivo Juurvee has been head of the Security and Resilience Programme at the ICDS since 2017. He was previously a practitioner in the field of security for more than 13 years, including as an adviser to the National Security and Defence Coordination Unit of the Estonian Government Office and head of the Internal Security Institute of the Estonian Academy of Security Sciences. -
Nõukogude Sõjaväeluure Ja Eesti 1920–1924
Filosoofiateaduskond Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut Uusima aja ajaloo õppetool Marko Tamming Nõukogude Sõjaväeluure ja Eesti 1920–1924 Magistritöö Juhendaja: dots. Olaf Mertelsmann Tartu 2010 Sisukord Sissejuhatus............................................................................................................... 3 Luurega seotud spetsiifilised terminid.................................................................... 5 Luureterminoloogia areng vene keeles................................................................. 12 Allikad ja historiograafia ..................................................................................... 15 1. Nõukogude sõjaväeluure sünd ja areng kuni 1920. aastani................................... 26 1.1. Nõukogude luureteenistuste ideoloogilisest taustast ...................................... 26 1.2. Luureteenistused Venemaal enne enamlaste riigipööret................................. 39 1.3. Nõukogude sõjaväeluure sünd ja areng kuni veebruarini 1920 ...................... 48 2. Nõukogude sõjaväeluure ja Eesti vabariik 1920–1924 ......................................... 72 2.1. Nõukogude sõjaväeluure 1920–1924 ............................................................ 72 2.2. Eesti enamlased Nõukogude sõjaväeluure teenistuses ................................... 82 Kokkuvõte..............................................................................................................108 Summary................................................................................................................114