DOCSLIB.ORG

Veacul Întunecat Al Daciei

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Veacul Întunecat Al Daciei https://biblioteca-digitala.ro LUCA-PAUL PUPEZĂ VEACUL ÎNTUNECAT AL DACIEI https://biblioteca-digitala.ro https://biblioteca-digitala.ro MINISTERUL CULTURII ŞI PATRIMONIULUI NAŢIONAL MUZEUL NAŢIONAL DE ISTORIE A TRANSILVANIEI BIBLIOTECA MUSEI NAPOCENSIS XXXVII Luca-Paul Pupeză VEACUL ÎNTUNECAT AL DACIEI ARHEOLOGIE ŞI ISTORIE ÎN SPAŢIUL CARPATO-DANUBIAN DE LA SFÂRŞITUL SECOLULUI III A. CHR. PÂNĂ LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI I A. CHR. Editura MEGA Cluj-Napoca 2012 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro ISBN 978-606-543–296-3 Tehnoredactare: Andreea MACAVEI Copertă: Török KÁROLY Corectură: Iulia POP © Luca-Paul PUPEZĂ, 2012 Editura Mega | www.edituramega.ro e-mail: [email protected] https://biblioteca-digitala.ro x Arareori o teză de doctorat este rezultatul unui singur autor, cel menţionat pe copertă. În spatele rândurile scrise se află sfaturile, observaţiile şi criticile unor profesori sau colegi, care se regăsesc mai mult sau mai puţin în trimiterile bibliografice din subsolul paginilor. De aceea aş dori să le mulţumesc profesorilor Ioan Glodariu, Eugen Iaroslavschi şi Gelu Florea, precum şi colegilor, fără de care teza mea de doctorat n-ar fi fost dusă la bun sfârşit. https://biblioteca-digitala.ro https://biblioteca-digitala.ro Cuprins I. INTRODUCERE ......................................................11 II. ARHEOLOGIA .......................................................19 A. SITURI DIN BAZINUL CARPATIC ...............................23 1. Berea ...........................................................27 2. Ciumeşti ........................................................33 3. Floreşti .........................................................44 4. Moreşti .........................................................58 5. Olteni ..........................................................72 6. Panic ...........................................................78 7. Pecica ..........................................................81 8. Pişcolt ..........................................................86 9. Sighişoara .......................................................94 10. Slimnic ........................................................97 11. Tilişca ........................................................103 12. Zalău .........................................................107 B. SITURI DE LA SUD DE CARPAŢI ................................115 1. Borduşani ......................................................118 2. Căscioarele ....................................................126 3. Ciolăneştii din Deal ............................................132 4. Grădiştea ......................................................139 5. Gropşani . 147 6. Pleaşov ........................................................158 7. Popeşti ........................................................163 8. Vlădiceasca ....................................................168 9. Zimnicea ......................................................178 C. SITURI DE LA RĂSĂRIT DE CARPAŢI ...........................187 1. Borniş .........................................................190 2. Botoşana ......................................................193 3. Brad ...........................................................201 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro 4. Ciurea .............................................................206 5. Cucorăni ..........................................................212 6. Davideni ...........................................................218 7. Glăvăneşti .........................................................221 8. Lozna ..............................................................222 9. Poiana .............................................................228 10. Răcătău ..........................................................234 III. ISTORIA ................................................................237 A. AŞEZĂRI. 239 1. Factori geografici ...................................................241 2. Complexe de habitat . .244 3. Tipuri de aşezări ....................................................249 4. Dispariţia/apariţia fortificaţiilor .....................................251 5. Cronologia aşezărilor ...............................................263 B. ACTIVITĂŢI ARTIZANALE ŞI ECONOMICE ........................267 1. Agricultura .........................................................269 2. Olăritul ............................................................273 a. Modelarea .......................................................273 b. Arderea .........................................................274 c. Produse finite – forme ceramice . 278 i. Căni ...........................................................279 ii. Capace .......................................................286 iii. Ceşti .........................................................288 iv. Ceşti dacice ..................................................290 v. Cupe cu picior .................................................291 vi. Farfurii .......................................................292 vii. Fructiere .....................................................292 viii. Străchini/castroane ..........................................295 ix. Strecurători ...................................................302 x. Vase bitronconice .............................................304 xi. Vase borcan ..................................................307 d. Produse finite – obiecte din lut ....................................314 i. Fusaiole .......................................................314 ii. Greutăţi piramidale ............................................315 iii. Jetoane ......................................................315 iv. Linguri .......................................................316 v. „Căței de vatră” ................................................317 e. Produse ceramice de tradiţie locală din complexe alogene ...........318 i. Complexe celtice ...............................................318 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro ii. Complexe bastarne ............................................320 f. Produse ceramice de tradiţie alogenă din complexe autohtone ���������������321 i. Amfore ........................................................321 ii. Boluri .........................................................321 iii. Boluri cu decor în relief ........................................322 iv. Chiupuri ......................................................322 v. Cratere ........................................................323 vi. Kantharoi .....................................................324 vii. Ulcioare .....................................................325 viii. Vase de tip kernos ............................................325 ix. Vase celtice de provizii .........................................326 g. Observaţii .......................................................326 3. Metalurgia .........................................................328 a. Exploatarea şi prelucrarea .........................................328 b. Unelte şi obiecte utilitare ..........................................329 c. Arme . .332 i. Săgeţi .........................................................332 ii. Lănci şi suliţe .................................................333 iii. Cuţite ........................................................334 iv. Săbii şi spade .................................................335 v. Scuturi ........................................................336 vi. Coifuri .......................................................337 4. Orfevrăria ..........................................................338 a. Exploatarea şi prelucrarea metalelor preţioase ......................338 b. Podoabe .........................................................340 i. Fibule .........................................................340 ii. Brăţări ........................................................344 iii. Alte podoabe .................................................346 c. Monopolul asupra orfevrăriei .....................................347 5. Alte meşteşuguri ....................................................348 a. Prelucrarea pietrei ................................................348 b. Prelucrarea osului ................................................348 c. Prelucrarea sticlei .................................................349 6. Comerţul şi moneda ................................................351 a. Moneda .........................................................351 b. Comerţul .......................................................356 i. Comerţul intern ................................................356 ii. Comerţul extern ...............................................357 iii. Rute comerciale ..............................................361 https://biblioteca-digitala.ro C. VIAŢA RELIGIOASĂ. 363 1. Credinţe religioase. .365 a. Geografia sacră ..............................................365 b. Gropi de cult .................................................367 c. Apariţia templelor ............................................369 d. Divinităţi ....................................................372 2. Practici funerare ................................................373 a. Elemente funerare tradiţionale ................................373 b. Elemente funerare alogene ...................................374 c. Dispariţia mormintelor .......................................377 3. Magia ..........................................................383 a. Statuete antropomorfe ........................................383
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Archäologie Und Politik
    1 CHRISTIAN WITSCHEL Römische Außenpolitik Kaiser Trajan, die Dakerkriege und die Donauprovinzen Politica externă romană Împăratul Traian, războaiele dacice și provinciile dunărene Roman Foreign Policy Emperor Trajan, the Dacian Wars and the Danube Provinces 28 CHRISTIAN WITSCHEL Im Zentrum dieses Bandes steht ein În centrul acestui volum se află un At the centre of this volume stands an imposantes Monument, das der römi- monument impunător, înălțat de imposing monument built by the Roman sche Kaiser Trajan (reg. 98–117 n. Chr.) împăratul roman Traian (domnie: emperor Trajan (r. 98–117 CE) to com- zur Erinnerung an seine Siege über 98–117 d. Hr.) pentru a comemora vic- memorate his victories over the Dacian das Volk der Daker errichten ließ: das toriile sale asupra poporului dacilor: people: The Tro paeum Traiani at Adam- Tro paeum Traiani bei Adam klissi [4]. Tro paeum Traiani, de la Adam clisi [4]. clisi [4]. It is located south of the Danube, Es befindet sich südlich der Donau, Acesta este situat la sud de Dunăre, în in the Dobruja landscape in southeast in der Landschaft Dobrudscha ganz peisajul Dobrogei, în sud-estul Româ- Romania. Given the location of the Tro- im Süd osten des heutigen Rumänien. niei de astăzi. Având în vedere locația paeum, one question immediately arises: Angesichts des Standortes des Tro- monumentului, survine nemijlocit între- Why was it not built in the heartland of paeum stellt sich unmittelbar eine barea: de ce nu a fost edificat în inte- the Dacian Empire conquered by Trajan, Frage: Warum wurde dieses nicht im riorul Regatului Dac, cucerit de Traian, i.
    [Show full text]
  • Acta Mvsei Porolissensis Xxxviii
    MUZEUL JUDEŢEAN DE ISTORIE ȘI ARTĂ ZALĂU ACTA MVSEI POROLISSENSIS XXXVIII Arheologie – restaurare – Conservare ZALĂU 2016 EDITOR ȘEF: Dr. Corina BEJINARIU COLEGIUL DE REDACȚIE Dr. Horea POP – redactor şef Dr. Ioan BEJINARIU – redactor responsabil Dr. Dan BĂCUEŢ CRIŞAN – secretar de redacţie Dr. Marin POP – redactor responsabil Dr. Sanda BĂCUEŢ CRIŞAN – membru Dr. Camelia BURGHELE – membru Dr. Emanoil PRIPON – membru COLEGIUL EDITORIAL Dr. Gheorghe LAZAROVICI, Universitatea Eftimie Murgu, Caransebeş, România Dr. Tiberius BADER, Hemmingen, Baden‑Wurttemberg, Germania Conf. univ. dr. Gelu FLOREA – Departament Istorie Antică şi Arheologie, Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie, Universitatea „Babeş Bolyai”, Cluj‑Napoca (România) Cercet. şt. I dr. Coriolan H. OPREANU – Institutul de Arheologie şi Istoria Artei (Academia Română), Cluj‑Napoca, România Cercet. şt. II dr. Ioan STANCIU – Institutul de Arheologie şi Istoria Artei (Academia Română), Cluj‑Napoca, România Prof. univ. dr. Sorin MITU – Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie, Universitatea „Babeş Bolyai”, Cluj‑Napoca, Româ‑ nia Prof. univ. dr. Adrian IVAN – Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie, Universitatea „Babeş Bolyai”, Cluj‑Napoca, România Drd. Dan Octavian PAUL, Muzeul Banatului, Timişoara, România Responsabilitatea pentru conţinutul ştiinţific al articolelor, pentru formulări şi calitatea rezumatelor în limbă străină revine în întregime autorilor. ACTA MVSEI POROLISSENSIS Anuarul Muzeului Judeţean de Istorie şi Artă Zalău Orice corespondenţă referitoare la publicaţie Toute correspondance sera envoyée à l’adresse: va fi trimisă pe adresa: MUZEUL JUDETEAN DE ISTORIE SI ARTA MUZEUL JUDEŢEAN DE ISTORIE ŞI ARTĂ ZALAU, ZALĂU, RO–450042 Zalău. Str. Unirii, nr. 9 RO–450042 Zalău. Str. Unirii, nr. 9 Tel.: 004‑0260–612223, Tel.: 004‑0260–612223, fax: 004‑0260–661706 fax: 004‑0260–661706 e‑mail: [email protected] e‑mail: [email protected] © EDITURA POROLISSUM A MUZEULUI JUDEŢEAN ISSN 1016–2801 Tipar: S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Ephemeris Napocensis
    EPHEMERIS NAPOCENSIS XXIII 2013 ROMANIAN ACADEMY INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF ART CLUJ‑NAPOCA EDITORIAL BOARD Editor: Coriolan Horaţiu Opreanu Members: Sorin Cociş, Vlad‑Andrei Lăzărescu, Ioan Stanciu ADVISORY BOARD Alexandru Avram (Le Mans, France); Mihai Bărbulescu (Rome, Italy); Alexander Bursche (Warsaw, Poland); Falko Daim (Mainz, Germany); Andreas Lippert (Vienna, Austria); Bernd Päffgen (Munich, Germany); Marius Porumb (Cluj‑Napoca, Romania); Alexander Rubel (Iași, Romania); Peter Scherrer (Graz, Austria); Alexandru Vulpe (Bucharest, Romania). Responsible of the volume: Ioan Stanciu În ţară revista se poate procura prin poştă, pe bază de abonament la: EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE, Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 13, sector 5, P. O. Box 5–42, Bucureşti, România, RO–76117, Tel. 021–411.90.08, 021–410.32.00; fax. 021–410.39.83; RODIPET SA, Piaţa Presei Libere nr. 1, Sector 1, P. O. Box 33–57, Fax 021–222.64.07. Tel. 021–618.51.03, 021–222.41.26, Bucureşti, România; ORION PRESS IMPEX 2000, P. O. Box 77–19, Bucureşti 3 – România, Tel. 021–301.87.86, 021–335.02.96. EPHEMERIS NAPOCENSIS Any correspondence will be sent to the editor: INSTITUTUL DE ARHEOLOGIE ŞI ISTORIA ARTEI Str. M. Kogălniceanu nr. 12–14, 400084 Cluj‑Napoca, RO e‑mail: [email protected] All responsability for the content, interpretations and opinions expressed in the volume belongs exclusively to the authors. DTP şi tipar: MEGA PRINT Coperta: Roxana Sfârlea © 2013 EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 13, Sector 5, Bucureşti 76117 Telefon 021–410.38.46; 021–410.32.00/2107,
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Civil and Military Habitat in the Period Latène on the Territory of Romania
    Iulian BOLDEA, Cornel Sigmirean (Editors), DEBATING GLOBALIZATION. Identity, Nation and Dialogue Section: History, Political Sciences, International Relations THE EVOLUTION OF CIVIL AND MILITARY HABITAT IN THE PERIOD LATÈNE ON THE TERRITORY OF ROMANIA Ioana Olaru PhD, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iaşi Abstract:In this paper, we will focus on the second period of the Iron Age, Latène (in fact, only its first two phases, the one of formation and spreading, after which the inhabitants of these territories will enter Antiquity, for Prehistory has ended), presented from the point of view of its settlements, and also of the civil and military constructions. The settlements and tenements of the entire Iron Age reflect the continuity of migrations, through limited, through the sedentarization and fortification of many of the settlements, which became true centres of unions of tribes. The urbanization process started in Hallstatt will continue in Latène, in the context of development of tribal aristocracy, as a result of unions of tribes that became more and more stable. Becoming bigger and bigger, the population needed bigger settlements, fortified, whose evolution will be monitored, from the davae of the Dacians from the forming period, to the quasi-urban settlements from the second period, the one of spreading during the period Latène, in the great fortresses built now (that will continue their development during the time of Burebista). The buildings become more and more complex, there are three types of described plans: rectangular, apse like, circular, and also the tower-tenements. Keywords: murus dacicus, opus quadratum, opus mixtum, megaron, emplecton Alcătuită din Epoca bronzului și Epoca fierului, Epoca metalelor este perioada în care apar primele semne ale unei revoluții statal-urbane, iar uneltele din piatră sunt înlocuite cu cele din metal (proces început încă de la sfârșitul Eneoliticului).
    [Show full text]
  • The Remaking of the Dacian Identity in Romania and the Romanian Diaspora
    THE REMAKING OF THE DACIAN IDENTITY IN ROMANIA AND THE ROMANIAN DIASPORA By Lucian Rosca A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Sociology Committee: ___________________________________________ Director ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Department Chairperson ___________________________________________ Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University, Fairfax, VA The Remaking of the Dacian Identity in Romania and the Romanian Diaspora A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at George Mason University By Lucian I. Rosca Bachelor of Arts George Mason University, 2015 Director: Patricia Masters, Professor Department of Sociology Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis coordinators: Professor Patricia Masters, Professor Dae Young Kim, Professor Lester Kurtz, and my wife Paula, who were of invaluable help. Fi- nally, thanks go out to the Fenwick Library for providing a clean, quiet, and well- equipped repository in which to work. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • D'université Valahia Targoviste
    Ministère de l’Education Nationale L’Université Valahia Târgovi şte Faculté de Sciences Humaines D’UNIVERSITÉ VALAHIA TARGOVISTE SECTION d’Archéologie et d’Histoire TOME XIV Numéro 2 2012 Valahia University Press Târgovi şte Annales d’Université Valahia Targoviste Section d’Archéologie et d’Histoire publie des mémoires originaux, des nouvelles et des comptes-rendus dans le domaine de l’archéologie préhistorique, de l’histoire du moyen âge, de l’environnement de l’homme fossile, de l’archéologie interdisciplinaire et de patrimoine culturel. Rédacteur en chef: Prof. dr. Marin Cârciumaru Secrétaire général de rédaction: Conf. dr. Corneliu Beldiman Secrétariat de rédaction: Prof. dr. Ioan Opri ş, dr. Denis Căpr ăroiu, dr. Radu Cârciumaru, dr. Monica M ărg ărit, dr. Marian Cosac, dr. Roxana Dobrescu, dr. Ovidiu Cîrstina, dr. Elena-Cristina Ni ţu, dr. Daniela Iamandi, dr. Adina Elena Boronean ţ. Comité de rédaction: Prof. dr. Eric Boëda, prof. Marcel Otte, prof. dr. Răzvan Theodorescu, prof. dr. Alexandru Vulpe, prof. dr. Victor Spinei, prof. dr. Sabin Adrian Luca, prof. dr. Gheorghe Lazarovici, dr Marylène Patou- Mathis, dr Marie-Hélène Moncel, dr. Alexandru Suceveanu, dr. Cristian Schuster, dr. Dragomir Nicolae Popovici, dr. Adrian B ălăş escu, dr. Radu Ştef ănescu Correspondants: Prof. Jacques Jaubert, prof. Jean-Philippe Rigaud, prof. Árpád Ringer, prof. Alain Tuffreau, dr. Aline Averbouh, dr. Alain Turq, prof. Ivor Iancovi č, prof. Ivor Karavani č, prof. dr. Ştefan Trâmbaciu, dr. Eugen Nicolae, dr. Emilian Alexandrescu, dr. Sergiu Iosipescu Technorédacteurs: Dr. Elena-Cristina Ni ţu, Marius Alexandru Floric ă Revue indexée B+ par CNCSIS et B par CNCS - Roumanie Indexée dans: AWOL, FRANTIQ, LAMPEA, SCRIBD, DAPHNE Tout ce qui concerne la Rédaction des Annales d’Université Valahia Targoviste Section d’Archéologie et d’Histoire doit être envoyé à: [email protected], www.annalesfsu.ro ISSN: 1584-1855; ISSN (online): 2285 – 3669 Annales d’Université Valahia Targoviste, Section d’Archeologie et d’Histoire, Tome XIV, Numéro 2, 2012, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Result of the Historic Evolution and Contemporary Urban Planning Tool
    ROMANIAN REVIEW OF REGIONAL STUDIES, Volume XII, Number 1, 2016 BUILT HERITAGE IN THE LAND OF HAȚEG – RESULT OF THE HISTORIC EVOLUTION AND CONTEMPORARY URBAN PLANNING TOOL GHEORGHE-GAVRILĂ HOGNOGI1, ANA-MARIA POP2 ABSTRACT – The Regional Geography papers, especially those dedicated to the “land”-type studies sequentially mention certain historical aspects, because historical evolution is treated largely as having a supportive role, far from becoming a component of interaction. This research aims to address the historical evolution of the Land of Hațeg in the light of the specific territorial elements and to provide evidence for using the built heritage as a tool for decision-makers. Methodologically, the research has implied the completion of three stages, each with its specific work methods (direct observation, mapping, chorematic analysis). The findings highlight the applicative and utilitarian character of historical studies in the land use planning documents. Keywords: Land of Hațeg, historical monument, land use planning, chorem INTRODUCTION Over the last decades, the emphasis is increasingly being placed on interdisciplinarity, regardless of the type of study addressed. This is also the case of the Regional Geography papers, where the interrelations between various territorial components argue its functionality (Cocean, 2011). In addition, although historical studies have been regulated since the 1990’s as components of the urban planning documents, they are currently not mandatory. For this reason, they are often not included. They were left at the discretion of beneficiaries who considered they did not have much impact due to the fact that many of them contained only a brief history not related to other elements of a planning document.
    [Show full text]
  • 165 Years of Roman Rule on the Left Bank of the Danube. at The
    92 Chapter III PROVINCIA DACIA AUGUSTI: 165 years of Roman rule on the left bank of the Danube. At the beginning of the 2nd century, in the Spring of 101AD, Roman Forces marched against the Kingdom of Decebal. We already know what the Roman's rationale was for starting this war and we also know that the real reason was likely to have been the personal ambition of the first Provincial Emperor, Trajan (he was born in Hispania a man of Macedonian background among Greeks). The Roman armies marched against a client-state of Rome, which was a subordinate ally of Rome. Decebal did not want to wage war against Rome and his recurring peace offers confirm this. It is unlikely that Trajan would only have decided on the total conquest of the Dacian Kingdom after he waged his first campaign in 101-102. After this, Roman garrisons were established in the Province - their ongoing presence is reflected by the Latin names of towns (as recorded by Ptolemy). At Dobreta they begin to build the stone bridge which will span the Danube. It was built in accordance with plans made by Apollodorus of Damascus to promote continuous traffic - it was an accomplishment unmatched - even by Rome. This vast project portends that Trajan began the expedition against Dacia in 101 with the intention of incorporating the Kingdom into the Roman Empire. The Emperor, who founded a city (Nicopolis) to commemorate his victory over Dacia, has embarked on this campaign not only for reasons of personal ambition. The 93 economic situation of the Empire was dismal at the beginning of Trajan's reign; by the end of the second Dacian War it has vastly improved.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Danube in Pages of History and Literature
    2nd International Conference - Water resources and wetlands. 11-13 September, 2014 Tulcea (Romania); Available online at http://www.limnology.ro/water2014/proceedings.html Editors: Petre Gâştescu ; Włodzimierz Marszelewski ; Petre Bretcan; ISSN: 2285-7923; Pages: 577-583; Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license ; THE LOWER DANUBE IN PAGES OF HISTORY AND LITERATURE Elena Teodoreanu Ecological University of Bucharest, Bd. Lascar Catargiu nr. 24-26, sc.A. ap. 16, Bucuresti, Romania, Email [email protected] Abstract The paper examines some information on the Danube River in their lower part, from ancient historians, from Romanian chroniclers and Turkish chroniclers who accompanied the troops when attacking Romanian countries. Also we have the data reported by foreign travelers on Romanian territory, of which with the passage of time, are more numerous: Polish, Austrians and Hungarians diplomats, Catholic priests. For example we have interesting data from Syrian traveler Paul of Aleppo or Turkish chronicler Evlia Celebi. The information refers specifically to periods of overflow of the Danube and damaging floods, or droughts when shrinking waters could and river goes on foot. Most data refer to periods when the Danube froze strong, especially in the centuries that constituted the Little Ice Age (approximately Fourteenth century until the mid- nineteenth century) opportunity for the Ottoman armies crossed the Danube on the ice, to plunder the territories of north of the Danube. Finally, it presents some descriptions of Romanian writers who loved Danube swamps, delta, among which Mihail Sadoveanu and George Topârceanu. Keywords: Lower Danube, ancient historians, foreign travelers, Turkish chroniclers, Romanian writers “Wherever you would see it in this country the Danube is (…) like a human being who has seen and suffered much and his face showing all the scars left by his struggles.” George Vâlsan 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia's Threat to the Roman Empire
    The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia’s Threat to the Roman Empire ______________________________________ ALEXANDRU MARTALOGU The Roman Republic and Empire survived for centuries despite imminent threats from the various peoples at the frontiers of their territory. Warfare, plundering, settlements and other diplomatic agreements were common throughout the Roman world. Contemporary scholars have given in-depth analyses of some wars and conflicts. Many, however, remain poorly analyzed given the scarce selection of period documents and subsequent inquiry. The Dacian conflicts are one such example. These emerged under the rule of Domitian1 and were ended by Trajan2. Several issues require clarification prior to discussing this topic. The few sources available on Domitian’s reign describe the emperor in hostile terms.3 They depict him as a negative figure. By contrast, the rule of Trajan, during which the Roman Empire reached its peak, is one of the least documented reigns of a major emperor. The primary sources necessary to analyze the Dacian wars include Cassius Dio’s Roman History, Jordanes’ Getica and a few other brief mentions by several ancient authors, including Pliny the Younger and Eutropius. Pliny is the only author contemporary to the wars. The others inherited an already existing opinion about the battles and emperors. It is no surprise that scholars continue to disagree on various issues concerning the Dacian conflicts, including the causes behind Domitian’s and Trajan’s individual decisions to attack Dacia. This study will explore various possible causes behind the Dacian Wars. A variety of reasons lead some to believe that the Romans felt threatened by the Dacians.
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership Lessons from Trajan
    LEADERSHIP LESSONS FROM TRAJAN Trajan, also known as Caesar Divi Nervae Filius Nerva Traianus Optimus Augustus with the original name of Marcus Ulpius Traianus was the 13th Emperor of the Roman Empire from 98 to 117 AD. Trajan is best known for his conquests as a General which expanded the Roman Empire to reach its maximum extent up to the time of his death. His reign is also remembered for his philanthropy, public projects and enlarged social welfare which benefitted the public. Born September 18, 53 in Italica, in the province of Baetica now known as Spain, Trajan was the first Roman Emperor that was not born in Italy. Trajan grew up in a family with a strong military reputation. He was a provincial Governor, and became a commander of a legion in a war that Vespasian, a future Emperor was leading against the Jews. When Vespasian became Emperor, he gave Trajan a consulship, and later joined him with the patricians, known as Rome’s most noble group in the senatorial class. He became Governor of both Syria and Asia. At the age of 22, Trajan was classified as a military tribune under his father in Syria. This was where he, as a young officer gained an understanding of the command of men, and the challenges of desert warfare. After Emperor Nerva died, Trajan became his successor in 98 CE. Several leadership lessons can be taken from Trajan’s rule: Perseverance Trajan’s greatest success as a General is demonstrated through his major battles against the Dacians, in which he won three major conflicts.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF (Free)
    UNIVERSITATEA “AL. I. CUZA” I A Ş I FACULTATEA DE ISTORIE SEMINARUL DE ISTORIE VECHE ŞI ARHEOLOGIE CATEDRA DE ISTORIE VECHE ŞI ARHEOLOGIE STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA VII I N H O N O R E M MIRCEA PETRESCU-DÎMBOVIŢA et MARIN DINU EDITURA UNIVERSITĂŢII “AL. I. CUZA” IAŞI * 2000 UNIVERSITÉ “AL. I. CUZA” I A Ş I FACULTÉ D’HISTOIRE SÉMINAIRE D’HISTOIRE ANCIENNE ET D’ARCHÉOLOGIE CHAIRE D’HISTOIRE ANCIENNE ET D’ARCHÉOLOGIE STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA VII CARISSIMIS ET ILLUSTRISSIMIS MAGISTRIS MIRCEA PETRESCU-DÎMBOVIŢA et MARIN DINU I N H O N O R E M ÉDITIONS DE L’UNIVERSITÉ “AL. I. CUZA” IAŞI 2000 COLLÈGE DE RÉDACTION: Nicolae Ursulescu (rédacteur en chef) Marius Alexianu, Neculai Bolohan, Octavian Bounegru, Attila László, Victor Spinei, Dan Gh. Teodor, Mihail Vasilescu. Secrétariat de rédaction: Lucreţiu Mihailescu-Bîrliba Vasile Cotiugă MEMBRES D’HONNEUR: Prof. Mircea Petrescu-Dîmboviţa (membre de l’Academie Roumaine) Prof.dr. Marin Dinu Prof.dr. Rodolfo Striccoli (Université de Bari) Rédaction informatisée: Mariana Petcu, Adina Caminschi, Vasile Cotiugă Illustration: Aneta Corciovă Les manuscrits, les livres et les revues proposés en échange et pour comptes-rendus, ainsi que toute la correspondance seront adressés à la Redaction: Universitatea “Al.I. Cuza”, Facultatea de Istorie, Seminarul de Istorie Veche şi Arheologie, Bulevardul Carol I, no.11, Ro – 6600 – Iaşi, Roumanie. Tel. 032/201556; Fax. 0040-32/201201; E-mail: [email protected] ISSN 1224-2284 TABULA GRATULATORIA Ion AGRIGOROAIEI (Iaşi) Ruxandra ALAIBA (Iaşi) Marius ALEXIANU
    [Show full text]