A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ANTI-VIVISECTION SOCIETY 2011 | Number 3 and 4 magazine SPECIAL REPORT PRIMATES AV BY THE NUMBERS paGE 17 A CLOSER LOOK AT PRIMATes & scIENCE Why Monkeys Matter pg 4 2011 Number 3 and 4 A Closer Look at Primates & Science FEATURES 6 4 WHY MONKEYS MATTER Ethical concerns can’t be ignored when it comes to primates in labs and the influences on their fate. By Sue A. Leary 6 A Behaviorist’s View Behavior can give insights to the state of an animal’s well-being. By Debra Durham 8 Chimpanzee Research & the Road to Retirement An overview of chimpanzees in research and moving towards its end. By Kathleen Conlee and Jennifer Ball 2 10 The Use of Primates in the EU While primates are used in research in Europe, the laws, regulations, and policies DEPARTMENTS surrounding their use are different than in the U.S. 1 First Word By Irmela Ruhdel and Ulrike Gross AAVS makes a promise. 12 Interview Profile: Shirley McGreal 2 News Founder, International Primate Protection League Allergan Will Reduce Animal Tests; Determined as she is dedicated, Dr. McGreal is making a lasting difference for primates. Scientists Call for a Ban on Chimp Experiments; Animal Transport Leads 14 Interview Profile: John Gluck to Monkey Deaths; New Mechanism University of New Mexico, Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University Studies Brain Function; Class B Animal A former researcher turned primate advocate, Dr. Gluck shares his unique Dealer Shuts Down. perspective on nonhuman primates in the laboratory. 28 AAVS Action ARDF Announces Grant Recipients; Ani- 17 Special Report: Primates by the Numbers malearn’s Humane Educator of the Year; There has been a growing trend in the research industry’s importation Meet Hugo Naturals. of nonhuman primates into the U.S. for use in testing and research. AAVS exposes the numbers, the participants, and the 30 Giving animal suffering. Help animals retired from labs. By Crystal Miller-Spiegel 31 Tributes 27 What is Enrichment? Special friends honored and remembered. Though hard to define for some, enrichment 32 Members’ Corner is a necessity for nonhuman primate well-being. Looking at primates in a new light. By Crystal Schaeffer SPECIAL REPORT pg 17 Founded in 1883, the American Anti-Vivisection Society’s (AAVS) mission is to unequivocally oppose and work to end experimentation on animals and to oppose all other forms of cruelty to animals. AAVS is a nonprofit education organization using legal, effective advocacy to achieve meaningful, lasting change. magazine VOLUME CXIX Number 3 and 4 ISSN 0274-7774 First Word AV Executive Editor Sue A. Leary IN AUGUST 2005, AAVS and our affiliate, the Alternatives Managing Editor Research & Development Foundation (ARDF), signed a resolution Crystal Schaeffer of animal protection organizations worldwide calling for an end to the use of non-human primates in biomedical research and testing. Copy Editor The resolution, made at the Fifth World Congress on Alternatives Julie Cooper-Fratrik and Animal Use in the Life Sciences in Berlin, urged governments, Assistant Editor regulators, industry, scientists, and research funders to accept the Nicole Perry need to end primate use as a legitimate and essential goal; to make achieving this goal a high priority; and to work together to facilitate this. Graphic Design AAVS had already helped achieve legislation in the U.S. to retire chimpanzees to sanctuaries, Austin Schlack and funded sanctuaries who cared for them and for other primates. And so, although we were Staff Contributors no strangers to making primate research a priority, our pledge was a commitment to move Christopher Derer forward. We began to research U.S. official records and track primate use, and became familiar Crystal Miller-Spiegel with the agencies and the policies that either encourage primate research or regulate their trade Kim Paschen and use. This issue of the AV Magazine provides a number of the pieces in the puzzle. The Design Consultants Special Report section is full of factual information and revelations. We will continue to work in Brubaker Design the months and years to come, making the case to end primate research. In addition to the animal protection organizations who signed the Berlin Resolution was the famous anthropologist and champion for chimpanzees, Jane Goodall. She was a keynote AV Magazine (USPS 002-660) speaker at the conference. Running late as usual, I ended up in the elevator with Jane and her is published quarterly by the American Anti-Vivisection Society, companion. Also there was her mascot, a child’s stuffed chimpanzee, that she held tenderly. We which has been providing a exchanged pleasantries and I resisted the urge to gush, knowing that she was trying to focus magazine for members on the talk before an audience of a thousand in just a few minutes. But her presence was calm continuously since 1892. Annual and reassuring, and that is her gift. In spite of her philosophical differences with biomedical membership dues: $25.00. researchers who cling to their use of primates in experiments, they cannot help but admire her Office of Publication: dedication and marvel at the world she opened up to all of us—the secret life of chimpanzees. 801 Old York Road, Suite 204 Many of us have been inspired by Jane Goodall, but I am also inspired every day by my Jenkintown, PA 19046-1611 colleagues and coworkers, the AAVS Board and of course, our members. It is inconceivable phone: 215-887-0816 that this incredible dedication and smart, informed, determined advocacy will not succeed. e-mail: [email protected] Meanwhile, the hurt ones—the primates who have made it out of research to sanctuaries, need www.aavs.org our help. I will be making a gift to AAVS’s Sanctuary Fund this holiday season in honor of Jane Goodall. You might want to do the same. AAVS welcomes Thank you for caring! requests to reproduce articles that appear in AV Magazine. In all cases, we will require that credit be given to the author and to AAVS. Sue A. Leary, President American Anti-Vivisection Society The individual views and claims expressed in AV Magazine are not necessarily those of the organization. Because of you Stanley is home. AV Magazine is printed on Support sanctuaries caring for animals rescued from research. paper containing recycled fiber. www.aavs.org/SanctuaryFund Please give generously AV MAGAZINE 1 NewsISSUES AFFECTING ANIMALS Animal Transport Leads to Monkey Deaths Charges of animal cruelty were filed against two men after more than a dozen monkeys were found dead in their shipping crates at the Los Angeles Inter- national Airport. The men had conspired to deliver the animals from Guyana to Thailand where a buyer had purchased them for unknown purposes. Akhtar Class B Hussain from Guyana hired Robert Matson Conyers from Florida to make the delivery. “It wasn’t illegal for Conyers and Hussain to ship these animals,” said Animal attorney Don Cocek, “but the conditions inside of the shipping containers was [sic] horrendous and criminal.” Dealer Shuts Down Fourteen marmosets, six squirrel monkeys, and five white-faced capuchins Chestnut Grove Kennel, a were packed into wooden shipping crates and traveled through Miami to Los random source Class B animal Angeles, and then to Chinese airports. However, the animals were refused tran- dealer whose owners were sit into China because of a problem with their shipping documents, and were charged with conspiracy and returned to Los Angeles. Once back in the U.S., officials found 14 monkeys fraud, closed its doors in Sep- had died from starvation and hypothermia, and another had to be euthanized. tember, and will no longer be There was also evidence that living animals ate the carcasses of those who selling dogs and cats to research. were deceased, just to survive. There are now only eight random The surviving animals were taken to the Los Angeles Zoo for emergency source Class B dealers operat- medical treatment and then transported to the San Diego Wild Animal Park for ing in the U.S. full recovery. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services first investigated their case and Floyd and Susan Martin then transferred it to prosecutors in Los Angeles. If convicted, both men face operated their business out of up to six months in prison and $20,000 in fines. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, the state’s only random source Class B animal dealer. The AllERGAN WIll REDUCE ANIMAL TESTS Martins sold about 600 dogs every year to research facilities The makers of the popular anti-wrinkle causes considerable pain and eventual throughout the country. injection, Botox, which is also used for death by asphyxiation. Moreover, every Selling dogs and cats from some medical conditions, have long batch of Botox needed to be tested random sources, such as pounds been criticized for their cruel use of ani- before going to market, because it is a and shelters, to laboratories has mals in safety testing. But now, Aller- biological product. been a hot-button issue for the gan has announced it received approval According to its press release, the from the Food and Drug Administra- California-based company spent past several years, and rightfully tion (FDA) to use a new test method more than 10 years and $65 million so. In 2009, the National Acad- that could reduce animal experiments on researching the in vitro, cell based emies released a report stating for Botox by 95 percent worldwide. alternative that was submitted to the that animals from random source eer Traditional testing methods for this FDA and approved this year. The as- Class B dealers are not needed V by D in federal research, and last year, AN product included the LD50 (Lethal say will immediately be put to use in Dose 50) test, in which animals—usu- production of Botox in the U.S., and an audit of USDA’s oversight of ally mice—are given specific amounts the company stated that it will work to Class B dealers concluded that stokphoto of a substance to determine the dosage gain approval in other countries where the agency is failing to ensure I BY hotos that kills 50 percent of them.