“But It's Just a Fish”: Understanding the Challenges of Applying the 3Rs
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Why Fish Do Not Feel Pain
Key, Brian (2016) Why fish do not eelf pain. Animal Sentience 3(1) DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1011 This article has appeared in the journal Animal Sentience, a peer-reviewed journal on animal cognition and feeling. It has been made open access, free for all, by WellBeing International and deposited in the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Call for Commentary: Animal Sentience publishes Open Peer Commentary on all accepted target articles. Target articles are peer-reviewed. Commentaries are editorially reviewed. There are submitted commentaries as well as invited commentaries. Commentaries appear as soon as they have been revised and accepted. Target article authors may respond to their commentaries individually or in a joint response to multiple commentaries. Instructions: http://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/guidelines.html Why fish do not feel pain Brian Key Biomedical Sciences University of Queensland Australia Abstract: Only humans can report feeling pain. In contrast, pain in animals is typically inferred on the basis of nonverbal behaviour. Unfortunately, these behavioural data can be problematic when the reliability and validity of the behavioural tests are questionable. The thesis proposed here is based on the bioengineering principle that structure determines function. Basic functional homologies can be mapped to structural homologies across a broad spectrum of vertebrate species. For example, olfaction depends on olfactory glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs of the forebrain, visual orientation responses depend on the laminated optic tectum in the midbrain, and locomotion depends on pattern generators in the spinal cord throughout vertebrate phylogeny, from fish to humans. Here I delineate the region of the human brain that is directly responsible for feeling painful stimuli. -
UNITED for People and Animals
NEWS May 2020 - Issue 125 UNITED for people and animals COVID-19 Research Updates Our incredible Journey & Impacts Protect the Animal Free Future Contents CHAIR OF THE BOARD .......................................... 3 FROM OUR PATRON .............................................. 4 MESSAGE FROM CEO ............................................ 5 OUR HISTORY ........................................................ 6 CELEBRATING 50 YEARS ....................................... 8 ARC 1.0 .................................................................10 ARC 2.0 .................................................................11 CURRENT PROJECTS ..........................................12 THE COVID-19 VACCINE PARADOX ..................14 CURRENT PROJECTS: COVID-19 .......................16 REVIEW .................................................................18 MEET THE SAP .....................................................20 PARTNERSHIPS ....................................................22 YOUR IMPACT FOR ANIMALS .............................24 FABULOUS FUNDRAISERS ..................................26 HOW YOU CAN HELP ..........................................28 SHOPPING ...........................................................30 FROM OUR PATRON ............................................31 BOARD OF TRUSTEES CHAIR: Ms Laura-Jane Sheridan VICE CHAIR: Ms Natalie Barbosa TREASURER: Mr Daniel Cameron Dr Christopher (Kit) Byatt Professor Amanda Ellison Ms Julia Jones COMPANY SECRETARY: Ms Sally Luther Animal Free Research UK SCIENTIFIC -
Physiology-2021-Abstract-Book.Pdf (Physoc.Org)
Physiology 2021 Our Annual Conference 12 – 16 July 2021 Online | Worldwide #Physiology2021 Contents Prize Lectures 1 Symposia 7 Oral Communications 63 Poster Communications 195 Abstracts Experiments on animals and animal tissues It is a requirement of The Society that all vertebrates (and Octopus vulgaris) used in experiments are humanely treated and, where relevant, humanely killed. To this end authors must tick the appropriate box to confirm that: For work conducted in the UK, all procedures accorded with current UK legislation. For work conducted elsewhere, all procedures accorded with current national legislation/guidelines or, in their absence, with current local guidelines. Experiments on humans or human tissue Authors must tick the appropriate box to confirm that: All procedures accorded with the ethical standards of the relevant national, institutional or other body responsible for human research and experimentation, and with the principles of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki. Guidelines on the Submission and Presentation of Abstracts Please note, to constitute an acceptable abstract, The Society requires the following ethical criteria to be met. To be acceptable for publication, experiments on living vertebrates and Octopus vulgaris must conform with the ethical requirements of The Society regarding relevant authorisation, as indicated in Step 2 of submission. Abstracts of Communications or Demonstrations must state the type of animal used (common name or genus, including man. Where applicable, abstracts must specify the anaesthetics used, and their doses and route of administration, for all experimental procedures (including preparative surgery, e.g. ovariectomy, decerebration, etc.). For experiments involving neuromuscular blockade, the abstract must give the type and dose, plus the methods used to monitor the adequacy of anaesthesia during blockade (or refer to a paper with these details). -
The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research in Primates Non-Human of Use The
The use of non-human primates in research The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatherall FRS FMedSci Report sponsored by: Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Research Council The Royal Society Wellcome Trust 10 Carlton House Terrace 20 Park Crescent 6-9 Carlton House Terrace 215 Euston Road London, SW1Y 5AH London, W1B 1AL London, SW1Y 5AG London, NW1 2BE December 2006 December Tel: +44(0)20 7969 5288 Tel: +44(0)20 7636 5422 Tel: +44(0)20 7451 2590 Tel: +44(0)20 7611 8888 Fax: +44(0)20 7969 5298 Fax: +44(0)20 7436 6179 Fax: +44(0)20 7451 2692 Fax: +44(0)20 7611 8545 Email: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Web: www.acmedsci.ac.uk Web: www.mrc.ac.uk Web: www.royalsoc.ac.uk Web: www.wellcome.ac.uk December 2006 The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatheall FRS FMedSci December 2006 Sponsors’ statement The use of non-human primates continues to be one the most contentious areas of biological and medical research. The publication of this independent report into the scientific basis for the past, current and future role of non-human primates in research is both a necessary and timely contribution to the debate. We emphasise that members of the working group have worked independently of the four sponsoring organisations. Our organisations did not provide input into the report’s content, conclusions or recommendations. -
Comparative Evolutionary Approach to Pain Perception in Fishes
Brown, Culum (2016) Comparative evolutionary approach to pain perception in fishes. Animal Sentience 3(5) DOI: 10.51291/2377-7478.1029 This article has appeared in the journal Animal Sentience, a peer-reviewed journal on animal cognition and feeling. It has been made open access, free for all, by WellBeing International and deposited in the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Animal Sentience 2016.011: Brown Commentary on Key on Fish Pain Comparative evolutionary approach to pain perception in fishes Commentary on Key on Fish Pain Culum Brown Biological Sciences Macquarie University Abstract: Arguments against the fact that fish feel pain repeatedly appear even in the face of growing evidence that they do. The standards used to judge pain perception keep moving as the hurdles are repeatedly cleared by novel research findings. There is undoubtedly a vested commercial interest in proving that fish do not feel pain, so the topic has a half-life well past its due date. Key (2016) reiterates previous perspectives on this topic characterised by a black-or-white view that is based on the proposed role of the human cortex in pain perception. I argue that this is incongruent with our understanding of evolutionary processes. Keywords: pain, fishes, behaviour, physiology, nociception Culum Brown [email protected] studies the behavioural ecology of fishes with a special interest in learning and memory. He is Associate Professor of vertebrate evolution at Macquarie University, Co-Editor of the volume Fish Cognition and Behavior, and Editor for Animal Behaviour of the Journal of Fish Biology. -
An Assessment of Recent Trade Law Developments from an Animal Law Perspective: Trade Law As the Sheep in Wolf's Clothing?
AN ASSESSMENT OF RECENT TRADE LAW DEVELOPMENTS FROM AN ANIMAL LAW PERSPECTIVE: TRADE LAW AS THE SHEEP IN WOLF’S CLOTHING? By Charlotte Blattner* Further development within the field of animal law seems to be at an impasse, lost among the potential paths presented by its traditional influ- ences: international treaty law, domestic animal welfare regulations, and trade law. First, classical elements of global animal treaty law are limited to preservationist aspirations, insusceptible to the questions of how animals are treated or how they cope with their environment. Second, animal welfare regulation is understood as a matter confined to national territories. In cross-border dialogue, animal matters have been reduced to allegations of imperialism, which is not conducive to furthering animal interests. Third, animals are regarded as commodities in international trade law, rendering their regulation an undesirable barrier to trade. These present deficiencies deprive global animal law of its significance as a dynamic instrument re- sponsive to global challenges, be they ethical, environmental, economic, technological, or social in nature. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate future ways out of this impasse. Recent developments in trade law, as demonstrated by four exam- ples found within the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) ‘case law,’ mark an important development for animal law. State objectives expressed through trade law are slowly moving away from anthropocentric considera- tions (i.e., geared to preserve a fraction of animals for human interests) to- wards sentiocentric animal welfare (i.e., aimed at minimizing animal suffering and focusing on animal interests). Thereby, the quality of animal law that developed on the international scene through trade law exceeded the status quo of global animal treaty law. -
Animals in Science Regulation Unit Annual Report 2015
Animals in Science Regulation Unit Annual Report 2017 © Crown copyright 2018 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government- licence/version/3/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. ISBN: 978-1-78655-740-7 © Crown copyright 2018 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government- licence/version/3/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. ISBN: 978-1-78655-757-5 Contents Ministerial foreword 4 Section 6: Inspection 19 Inspection 19 Foreword 5 Baseline setting 19 Risk management 20 Section 1: What the Animals in Science Regulation Inspector training and continuous professional Unit does 7 development 20 The Policy and Administration Group 7 Inspection reporting 21 Investigating allegations made to the Animals in Science Regulation Unit 21 Section 2: The regulatory framework 9 Judicial Reviews 9 Section 7: Compliance 22 -
Animal Law & Policy Program
HARVARD ANIMAL LAW & POLICY PROGRAM HARVARD LAW SCHOOL Annual Report Fiscal Year 2017 July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Part One: Report of Activities 2 A. Summary of the Academic Year 2016–2017 2 1. Executive Summary 2 2. Research, Scholarship, and Activities 3 a. Program Mission and Areas of Inquiry 3 b. Research, Scholarship, and Project Activities 3 i. Professor Kristen Stilt 3 ii. Academic Fellow, Delcianna Winders 4 iii. Policy Fellow, Alice DiConcetto 5 iv. Farmed Animal Law & Policy Fellow, Peter Brandt 5 v. Graduate Scholar, Jessica Eisen 6 c. Conferences 7 i. The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty Conference 7 ii. The Ivy League Vegan Conference at Harvard University 8 d. Academic Workshops 9 i. The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty Workshop 9 ii. Animal Agriculture from the Middle East to Asia Workshop 9 e. Other Events 11 3. Contributions to HLS Teaching Program 12 4. Participation of HLS Students in Program Activities 14 a. ALPP Student Travel Grants 14 b. Mentoring and Guidance 14 c. ALPP Student Writing Prize 16 5. Faculty Participation 17 6. Other Contributions to the HLS Community 17 a. Faculty Director, Kristen Stilt 18 b. Executive Director, Chris Green 18 7. Law Reform and Advocacy 19 a. Faculty Director, Kristen Stilt 19 b. Executive Director, Chris Green 21 c. Academic Fellow, Delcianna Winders 23 8. Connections to the Profession & Public Outreach 25 a. Faculty Director, Kristen Stilt 26 b. Executive Director, Chris Green 27 9. Collaboration with Other Schools and Departments at HLS & Harvard University 30 a. -
FINAL-ACTC-2020-V3-Programme
CONTENTS Item Page About ACTC 2020 3 Conference Timetable 4 Welcome Message 6 Keynote Speakers 7 Roundtable Discussion 15 Advanced Skin & Respiratory Models 22 Abstracts Animal Free Research 25 Diabetes and Other Age-Related Disorders 27 Abstracts In Vitro Cancer Research Abstracts 30 In Vitro Models for Animal Replacement 33 Abstracts Advanced Cell Culture, 3D, Flow, Co-Culture 39 Abstracts Advanced Neurological Models Abstracts 48 Sponsor / Exhibitor Information 51 2 Produced by Kirkstall Ltd, 2020. All information correct at time of going to press. ABOUT ACTC 2020 Following the success of the 11th annual Advances in Cell and Tissue Culture conference in Cardiff last year, ACTC 2020 will be hosted as a virtual conference due to COVID. ACTC 2020 - will take place over two days on Wednesday 30th September & Thursday 1st October as a virtual event. The conference offers a great networking opportunity, bringing together industry and academic researchers working in all areas of in vitro cell culture to exchange knowledge, promote their activities and set up new collaborative projects. The programme for ACTC 2020 covers a wide range of interesting, relevant topics with a great line-up of keynote speakers anticipated. Session topics include: • Advanced Skin & Respiratory Models • Novel Models for Studying Neurological Diseases • In Vitro Models for Animal Replacement • Developments within In Vitro Cancer Research • Advanced Cell Culture; 3D, Fluid Flow & Co-culture • Diabetes and other age-related disorders • Animal Free Research 3 Produced by Kirkstall Ltd, 2020. All information correct at time of going to press. Conference Timetable Day 1 Produced by Kirkstall Ltd, 2020. All information correct at time of going to press. -
Do Animals Suffer Like Us
Animal suffering, the hard problem of consciousness, and a reflection on why we should treat animals well M. Srokosz & S. Kolstoe Abstract Considerable effort and ingenuity is expended on developing theodicies in response to the problem caused by evolution in terms of pain and suffering in creation and the fact that God is good and His creation is good. From a physiological and neurological perspective, it is clear that many creatures experience pain. However, pain is an essential part of the evolutionary process being clearly adaptive, potentially preventing a worse outcome for a creature, namely death. A more difficult question is that of suffering. It will be shown that the question of animal suffering is identical to the issue of sentience and the “hard problem” of consciousness. After reviewing the evidence for animal consciousness and then suffering, we conclude with a brief reflection on why Christians should treat animals well. Keywords: animal, pain, suffering, consciousness, welfare Introduction It is notable that Darwin seemed to have no doubts that animals1 could suffer: “…the lower animals, like man, manifestly feel pleasure and pain, happiness and misery.” and “The fact that the lower animals are excited by the same emotions as ourselves is so well established that it will not be necessary to weary the reader by many details.” 2 1 Here and subsequently animal refers to non-human animal. 2 1871, The descent of man and selection in relation to sex – quoted in M.S. Dawkins, “Through animal eyes: what behaviour tells us,” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 100 (2006): 4-10. Her book M.S. -
Broom Fish Brains Pain
Pre-publication copy Broom, D.M. 2016. Fish brains and behaviour indicate capacity for feeling pain. Animal Sentience, 2016.010 (5 pages). Fish brains, as well as fish behaviour, indicate capacity for awareness and feeling pain Donald M. Broom Centre for Anthrozoology and Animal Welfare Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ES U.K. [email protected] http://www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk/directory/profile.php?dmb16 Keywords pain sentience welfare fish feelings emotions brain behaviour Abstract Studies of behaviour are of major importance in understanding human pain and pain in other animals such as fish. Almost all of the characteristics of the mammalian pain system are also described for fish. Emotions, feelings and learning from these are controlled in the fish brain in areas anatomically different but functionally very similar to those in mammals. The evidence of pain and fear system function in fish is so similar to that in humans and other mammals that it is logical to conclude that fish feel fear and pain. Fish are sentient beings. Key (2015) is scornful about evidence from studies of fish behaviour indicating that fish are aware and feel pain but presents a thorough explanation of the pain system in the human brain and concludes that fish could not feel pain, or have any other feelings, as they do not have the brain structures that allow pain and other feelings in humans. Section 2 of his paper emphasises “the cortical origins of human pain” and states that “structure determines function”, eXplaining the functions of the five layers of the human cortex. -
Aquatic Animals, Cognitive Ethology, and Ethics: Questions About Sentience and Other Troubling Issues That Lurk in Turbid Water
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 75: 87–98, 2007 Published May 4 Dis Aquat Org OPEN ACCESS Aquatic animals, cognitive ethology, and ethics: questions about sentience and other troubling issues that lurk in turbid water Marc Bekoff* Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0334, USA ABSTRACT: In this general, strongly pro-animal, and somewhat utopian and personal essay, I argue that we owe aquatic animals respect and moral consideration just as we owe respect and moral con- sideration to all other animal beings, regardless of the taxonomic group to which they belong. In many ways it is more difficult to convince some people of our ethical obligations to numerous aquatic animals because we do not identify or empathize with them as we do with animals with whom we are more familiar or to whom we are more closely related, including those species (usually terrestrial) to whom we refer as charismatic megafauna. Many of my examples come from animals that are more well studied but they can be used as models for aquatic animals. I follow Darwinian notions of evolu- tionary continuity to argue that if we feel pain, then so too do many other animals, including those that live in aquatic environs. Recent scientific data (‘science sense’) show clearly that many aquatic organisms, much to some people’s surprise, likely suffer at our hands and feel their own sorts of pain. Throughout I discuss how cognitive ethology (the study of animal minds) is the unifying science for understanding the subjective, emotional, empathic, and moral lives of animals because it is essential to know what animals do, think, and feel as they go about their daily routines.