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Bedrock Geology of Cave-In-Rock Quadrangle

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Bedrock Geology of Cave-In-Rock Quadrangle STATEMAP Cave-in-Rock-BG Bedrock Geology of Cave-in-Rock Quadrangle Hardin County, Illinois, and Crittenden County, Kentucky Mary J. Seid, F. Brett Denny, and Joseph A. Devera 2013 Prairie Research Institute ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964 (217) 244-2414 http://www.isgs.illinois.edu © 2013 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. For permission information, contact the Illinois State Geological Survey. Introduction The Salem, St. Louis, and Ste. Genevieve Limestones were deposited in the shallow and broad sea of the Illinois Basin. The Cave-in-Rock Quadrangle occupies the area between Lithologic changes were gradual near the basin’s depocen- 37˚ 22’ 30” and 37˚ 30’ 00” N latitude and 88˚ 07’ 30” and ter, which lies near Hardin County. Thick transition zones 88˚ 15’ W longitude. It is situated in the northeastern portion (60 to 90 feet) occur between the Salem, St. Louis, and Ste. of the Illinois-Kentucky Fluorite District (IKFD), a region Genevieve Limestones. with valuable economic minerals and a complex history of faulting (fig. 1). Although very rare in continental interiors, The Aux Vases Sandstone was called the “Rosiclare Sand- late Permian igneous dikes and sills in the region are quite stone Member” (a term used in the mining industry) and was common. included in the Ste. Genevieve Limestone in the Kentucky portion of the Cave-in-Rock Quadrangle (Trace 1974). Aside from the igneous intrusions, the bedrock is composed Although it is thin in the map area, it is mapped as a separate of middle and upper Mississippian sedimentary rocks, which formation (Mav). are dissected by faults with displacements ranging from a few feet to hundreds of feet. The limestones in the lower The Renault Limestone, Yankeetown Formation, and part of the section cover about two-thirds of the central and Downeys Bluff Limestone are each relatively thin, and so western portion of the quadrangle, forming gently rolling they have been mapped together as a unit that is about 100 hills. The Salem and lower part of the St. Louis Limestones feet thick (Mdyr). This combined mapping unit is poorly are exposed in and near the Ohio River bluff and in smaller exposed in most places; outcrops seem to occur in places actively eroding streams. Sinkholes are developed in the up- where the Bethel Sandstone forms a prominent bluff. It per St. Louis and lower Ste. Genevieve Limestones, forming should be noted that the name “Renault Formation” of a karst landscape. Trace (1974) and Weller et al. (1952) referred to the interval containing the units that we call Downeys Bluff Limestone, The Aux Vases through Bethel units consist of alternating Yankeetown Formation, and the Shetlerville Member of our beds of limestone, sandstone, and shale, predominantly Renault Limestone. Trace included the Levias Limestone dipping 0.5˚ to 8˚ northeast. The more resistant sandstones Member in the Ste. Genevieve because of a sharp contact form dip slopes that stand out in the topography, and the between the Shetlerville and Levias Members. There is limestones and shales are more easily eroded and form more disagreement as to whether the contact is conformable or un- gentle slopes between sandstone ledges. conformable; Baxter (1963) stated that the contact is uncon- formable, but Trace and Amos (1984) suggest that in many The area is sparsely populated, and its major industries con- places, it appears to be conformable. Our Renault Limestone sist of fluorspar mines and limestone quarries, with farming includes the Shetlerville and Levias Limestone Members. being a minor component of the economy. The Bethel Sandstone, Ridenhower Formation, and Cypress The quality and quantity of rock exposures range from Sandstone are mapped as a single unit that is about 200 feet excellent to non-existent, with the best exposures being in thick in the map area (Mcrb). The Ridenhower Formation quarries and steep bluffs, and the poorest exposures being in was not positively identified in the Illinois portion of the wide valleys and in the sinkhole plain. Drill holes from the map area, possibly because the Cypress locally cuts down several companies that mine fluorspar and limestone were into the Bethel. This unit of combined sandstone layers is helpful in understanding the stratigraphy of the area. a bluff former with well-developed topographic expression along the northern rim of the quadrangle, composing Barker Stratigraphy Bluff, and continuing as a dip slope to the northeastern cor- ner of the quadrangle. Within the Commodore Fault System, Rock units present in the quadrangle are middle and upper the Renault, Yankeetown, Downeys Bluff, Bethel, Riden- Mississippian (Valmeyerean and Chesterian) sedimentary hower, and Cypress were combined (Mcr) in places where rocks, late Permian igneous intrusions, and Quaternary stratigraphic relations were unclear. deposits. Fluorite, calcite, barite, sphalerite, and galena are present along faults and fractures. The Golconda Formation was formerly at “Group” rank (Baxter 1963, Willman et al. 1975) and was reduced to “For- Many workers have studied the rock units in the area (Ulrich mation” rank by Nelson et al. (2002). We have adopted the 1905, Weller 1927, Baxter et al. 1963, Willman et al. 1975, classification and terminology of Nelson et al. (2002) and Trace and Amos 1984). Our stratigraphic terminology and split the Golconda Formation into three members, although descriptions of units are presented in the geologic column it should be noted that Trace (1974) did not split the Gol- on sheet 2 of the map. The nomenclature and mapping units conda Formation into members. used in this study closely match those used in adjacent quad- rangle maps (Denny et al. 2011, 2013). A brief description of There is excellent agreement among many studies (e.g. mapping units follows. Weller 1927, Baxter 1963, Trace 1974, Denny et al. 2013) 1 &b &b Omaha Dome &sp &sp Eldorado Cottage Ridgeway Tertiary Magnetic Tertiary and Cretaceous and Cretaceous TKu Anomaly undifferentiated Unconformity Igneous diatremes Permian (Igneous) Igneous dike showing trend Unconformity &b Bond Formation &t Shelburn and &sp Patoka Formations Harrisburg Mvu Pennsylvanian &c Carbondale Formation ) ) ) &t ) ) ) Sha) wneetown ) ) &t Tradewater Formation &c Mc &c Unconformity &cv &cv Caseyville Formation ) &t Psp Mc Chesterian undifferentiated &c Mississippian Eagle ) Valle s Mvu Upper Valmeyeran Syncline y &t Mvl Lower Valmeyeran ) &c Illinoi Devonian &t Du Devonian undifferentiated Kentucky ) Hicks &t ) Mc Dome Dome &cv Fault &c ) Mc &cv · · Graben Magnetic anomaly ) x x Mc &t &cv ) ) High-angle x x is and reverse fault Fluorite mine Harr x e Goose Creek r &cv i Du k x Igneous Dike p c Anticline &t o m Showing Strike &cv -R x E n Mvl -i e av Syncline x Mc C Fluorite subdistrict x Mc k Creek Graben Creek Graben Roc Mc Illinois-Kentucky Fluorite District Lusk Mvu &cv Mc e t at xx r t x rs a te x w In &cv e x t Cave-in-Rock x S T x olu Cave-in-Rock x e r x la ic Quadrangle s Arch o x &t R Rosiclare Mvu Mc xx &cv S &cv Coefield s I Y g in O K Magnetic r C &cv p N S I U x Anomaly x n e L T x x re d Mc L o n I N do e o tt E x m i om r Marion K x C C s x l ia x il v x e H x & L s cv r e x y D l x x il Salem H re k o ic o L M y &cv la &t C &cv x x Mexico TKu x Tabb x x Fredonia x x Mvl x Ta bb Mvu x xxMvl Mvu Mvu TKu Mc Princeton Eddyville Mvl TKu Mvl Mc 0 5 Calvert City Miles Mvl TKu Figure 1 General geology of the Illinois-Kentucky Fluorite District and the location of the Cave in Rock 7.5-minute Quadrangle. Adapted from Denny et al. (2008) 2 regarding the definitions of the Hardinsburg Sandstone, Levias-Crittenden Springs Fault System and Griffith Glen Dean Limestone, and Tar Springs Sandstone forma- Bluff Graben tions. Each of these units is mappable at the 1:24,000 scale. The southeastern corner of the quadrangle contains the The Waltersburg Sandstone and Vienna Limestone are each northeastern portion of the Levias-Crittenden Springs fault too thin to map separately, so they have been combined to system. Several sub-parallel faults offset Ste. Genevieve form a single mappable unit (e.g. Trace 1974). The Menard through Bethel units, and displacement totals about 200 feet, Limestone and Palestine Sandstone can each be mapped as with the northwest side downthrown. Mica-peridotite dikes separate units. and fluorite, galena, sphalerite are present along the fault in this quadrangle and in the adjacent Salem and Repton Structural Geology quadrangles (Anderson and Sparks 2012). The Griffith Bluff Graben is the downdropped block between the Commodore The Cave-in-Rock Quadrangle lies within the Fluorspar and Levias-Crittenden Springs fault systems. It is composed Area fault complex, which extends from Illinois into western of Chesterian units that dip about 2˚ SW. The Hardinsburg Kentucky (Trace and Amos 1984, Nelson 1995). Four major and Palestine Sandstone form erosion-resistant caps on the sub-parallel NE-trending fault systems cross the map area: southwestward-dipping cuestas. the Peters Creek fault zone, the Lola (Dyer Hill) fault sys- tem, the Commodore fault system, and the Levias-Crittenden Tolu Arch Springs fault system. The Griffith Bluff Graben is the down- The Tolu Arch is a broad, subtle elongated dome whose dropped block between the Commodore and Levias-Critten- structural high is near the town of Tolu, Kentucky.
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