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Media and Tourism Development in the Age of War in Yemen 2015 – 2017 Hesham Mohammed Ghaleb Saeed1*, Dr

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Media and Tourism Development in the Age of War in Yemen 2015 – 2017 Hesham Mohammed Ghaleb Saeed1*, Dr Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN 2347-5374(Online) Abbreviated Key Title: Sch. J. Arts Humanit. Soc. Sci. ISSN 2347-9493(Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers (SAS Publishers) A Unit of Scholars Academic and Scientific Society, India Media and Tourism Development in the Age of War in Yemen 2015 – 2017 Hesham Mohammed Ghaleb Saeed1*, Dr. Gurusiddaiah C2 1Ph.D. Candidate at University of Mysore, Department of West Asian Studies, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of West Asian Studies, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India Abstract: Yemen is one of the most copious countries in the Arab world, rich in *Corresponding author natural and human resources, and the most lost with political and economic Hesham Mohammed Ghaleb instability. Although Yemen is one of the wealthiest countries in the region with oil, Saeed minerals, and liquefied natural gas, it has long been used to serve the ruling family without paying attention to the economy of the country and the quality of life of Article History Yemenis. Since the beginning of the war which was imposed by the armed militias Received: 17.02.2018 (Houthis) on Yemen on 21 September, 2015 Yemeni media has become, in all their Accepted: 25.02.2018 forms, one of the tools used in the war means for demolition not only of the buildings Published: 20.03.2018 but development in various dimensions. The absence of the press freedom and the inability of the Yemeni media to give the facts has resulted in the absence of DOI: neutrality and professionalism. Media nowadays is used as an instrument to assert 10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.3.3 influence by militias and the legitimate government at the same time. The tourism activity has declined which has resulted in substantial financial losses to the economies of Yemen during the first year of the war together with the widespread phenomenon of unemployment among the workers in the tourism sector. Conflicts continue on the political, media and partisan levels, and Yemen's losses multiply day by day. Keywords: Democracy, Tourism development, Media, Economic stability, Tribalism, Yemen. INTRODUCTION Yemen has lived for three decades under the The richness of the society is not measured by control of the ruler's mentality with the slogan of the magnitude of things it possesses, but by the wealth democracy, and multi-party but has not achieved of ideas. The community may go through painful any renaissance compared to the possessions and conditions such as floods and wars; however if at the wealth it has. Yemen has been lagging behind due same time, the society has lost control of the world of to government policies which imposed by the ideas, the destruction would be a tragedy. However, if power of the political party led by the President of he can save his thoughts, he has saved everything, the country in one way or another. because he can rebuild the world of things [1]. During the Arab spring revolution in 2011, Yemen was one of the countries whose youth, women, Yemen is one of the most abundant countries elders, and children went out to sit in the public in the Arab world, rich in natural and human resources, squares demanding a change of the regime in the and the most loss of political and economic instability country. These sit-ins accompanied by full media due to the following reasons: coverage at the international and regional levels, Conflicts of political parties to seize power which since then, Yemen has witnessed wars, partisan, has been exploited by some regional parties to pass civil and sectarian conflicts that have eroded the its objectives such as the seizure of the Strait of economy of the homeland and destroyed its gains. Bab al-Mandab and the port of Aden rather than the The media were no more than instruments of war, disruption of the production movement, especially not a means of peace and development. oil production in Yemen. With the extension of the time of war and the siege imposed on Yemen by OBJECTIVES the Arab alliance countries, it resulted in the This paper aims to reveal the following: cessation of the movement of tourism activity To describe the role played by Yemeni Media in entirely. In addition to the destruction and damage the development of tourism during the war to a number of tourist attractions such as 2015/2017; archaeological sites (castles, historic fortresses, To clarify the relationship between tribalism, bridges, natural pools, public parks, sports and media, war, and tourism development in Yemen cultural clubs and other infrastructure) during 2015-2017; Available online: http://saspjournals.com/sjahss 507 Hesham Mohammed Ghaleb Saeed & Gurusiddaiah C., Sch. J. Arts. Humanit. Soc. Sci., Mar 2018; 6(3): 507-513 To analyze the effect of war on media and tourism The Framework of Media, War and Tourism development in Yemen; and Development [2] To propose strategies to increase media freedom and encourage tourism development in Yemen. In Yemen during 2015-2017 Source: The Author METHODOLOGY at achieving development in general, and tourism This article is written entirely from secondary development in particular. sources that include reviews of books, journals, media proceedings and other secondary materials. Media in Yemen during 2015/2017 The Yemeni media has witnessed its worst Tourism in Yemen stage in two decades with declining media freedom, the Jimmy Carter, The President of the United decline in the number of media and media outlets, the States of America, during his visit to Yemen in 1993, destruction of infrastructure and the decline in said: “Yemen is a valuable tourist treasure, which can professionalism. Furthermore the state of division and bring more income than oil or any other economic fragmentation that has become prevalent in the Yemeni resources " [3]. There is no doubt that the American media today. During the years 2015-2017, the Yemeni President's statement based on actual living facts, which media faced the most violent repression. More than 26 he saw and lived during his visit to Yemen. Natural journalists have been killed by the civil war in Yemen resources represented by mountains, rivers, seas, in early 2015. Hundreds of journalists were wounded, waterfalls, and sulfur baths, so on, in addition to the and dozens of them still held in prisons or unknown architecture such as historical cities, palaces, temples, places. They do not enjoy the simplest rights of water dams, handicrafts, famous markets and the prisoners [4]. Yemeni cultural heritage with stunning details. For the first time in Yemen, the death sentence The tourism services and facilities constitute of a journalist, while the number of journalists faces the other part of the tourist product; this is what the campaigns of incitement daily, hundreds of them flee American president meant. He only pointed out that the repression to neighboring countries such as Saudi Yemen has a treasure that is the raw materials that have Arabia, Egypt, Jordan and Turkey, dozens of not yet exploited. Here comes the role of the Yemeni independent (non-partisan) electronic media sites are government in providing tourism services of different blocked. There are no press releases in the capital dimensions, To achieve optimal utilization of resources, Sana'a that has a different orientation from the coup hence we can talk about the tourism industry in Yemen. authority (the Houthi militias and former President Ali Rather than political and security stability, which is the Abdullah Saleh). cornerstone and basis of all plans and strategies aimed Available online: http://saspjournals.com/sjahss 508 Hesham Mohammed Ghaleb Saeed & Gurusiddaiah C., Sch. J. Arts. Humanit. Soc. Sci., Mar 2018; 6(3): 507-513 Table-1: Details of Yemeni Media before and after the Coup Press releases and publications before the coup in 2013 Press releases and publications after the coup in September 2014 Number of issues Details 73 Daily Issue 711 Weekly Issue 62 Bi-monthly Issue Ten (10) press releases 81 Monthly Issue 72 Quarterly Issue 295 Yemeni Issuance and publications Source: Yemeni media before and after the storming of the Yemeni capital by the armed militias in paper represented on 21 September 2014 [5] It is clear from the table that the number of has also established a number of radio stations, Radio press publications reached 265, especially after the fall Yemen Times, Radio Hayat FM, Radio Yemen FM, of President Ali Abdullah Saleh's regime 2012-2013, Voice of Yemen, Nass FM, in addition to a number of which many consider the beginning of the golden age of local FM channels that have recently spread to the the media [6]. However, with only ten publications capital Sana'a and other governorates [10]. working for the coup militias and supporting their illegitimate view in 2014. )Nabil Al-Usaidi, Member of The radio stations after the coup, are under the the Yemeni Journalists Association) “ This period is the control of the militias in the cities that were stormed, worst for the Yemeni press and Media. Some such as Radio Sana'a, Radio Ibb, Radio Hodeidah and journalists were killed, and a large number of them others. While other radio stations in liberated cities, were kidnapped" [7] He revealed there was "layoffs of such as Radio Aden, Mukalla are still at the disposal of more than 300 journalists and workers in Sana'a Radio the legitimate government, which has been taken from and that all previous media leaders were changed to be the city of Aden as a temporary capital until the replaced by other leaders belonging to the militias in all liberation of Sanaa, the capital of Yemen. During the official media occupied by them.
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