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Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S
Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy Updated January 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS21534 SUMMARY RS21534 Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy January 27, 2020 The Sultanate of Oman has been a strategic partner of the United States since 1980, when it became the first Persian Gulf state to sign a formal accord permitting the U.S. military to use its Kenneth Katzman facilities. Oman has hosted U.S. forces during every U.S. military operation in the region since Specialist in Middle then, and it is a partner in U.S. efforts to counter terrorist groups and related regional threats. The Eastern Affairs January 2020 death of Oman’s longtime leader, Sultan Qaboos bin Sa’id Al Said, is unlikely to alter U.S.-Oman ties or Oman’s regional policies. His successor, Haythim bin Tariq Al Said, a cousin selected by Oman’s royal family immediately upon the Sultan’s death, espouses policies similar to those of Qaboos. During Qaboos’ reign (1970-2020), Oman generally avoided joining other countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman) in regional military interventions, instead seeking to mediate their resolution. Oman joined the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State organization, but it did not send forces to that effort, nor did it support groups fighting Syrian President Bashar Al Asad’s regime. It opposed the June 2017 Saudi/UAE-led isolation of Qatar and did not join a Saudi-led regional counterterrorism alliance until a year after that group was formed in December 2015. -
This Keyword List Contains Indian Ocean Place Names of Coral Reefs, Islands, Bays and Other Geographic Features in a Hierarchical Structure
CoRIS Place Keyword Thesaurus by Ocean - 8/9/2016 Indian Ocean This keyword list contains Indian Ocean place names of coral reefs, islands, bays and other geographic features in a hierarchical structure. For example, the first name on the list - Bird Islet - is part of the Addu Atoll, which is in the Indian Ocean. The leading label - OCEAN BASIN - indicates this list is organized according to ocean, sea, and geographic names rather than country place names. The list is sorted alphabetically. The same names are available from “Place Keywords by Country/Territory - Indian Ocean” but sorted by country and territory name. Each place name is followed by a unique identifier enclosed in parentheses. The identifier is made up of the latitude and longitude in whole degrees of the place location, followed by a four digit number. The number is used to uniquely identify multiple places that are located at the same latitude and longitude. For example, the first place name “Bird Islet” has a unique identifier of “00S073E0013”. From that we see that Bird Islet is located at 00 degrees south (S) and 073 degrees east (E). It is place number 0013 at that latitude and longitude. (Note: some long lines wrapped, placing the unique identifier on the following line.) This is a reformatted version of a list that was obtained from ReefBase. OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Bird Islet (00S073E0013) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Bushy Islet (00S073E0014) OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Addu Atoll > Fedu Island (00S073E0008) -
Thomas Tew and Pirate Settlements of the Indo - Atlantic Trade World, 1645 -1730 1 Kevin Mcdonald Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz
‘A Man of Courage and Activity’: Thomas Tew and Pirate Settlements of the Indo - Atlantic Trade World, 1645 -1730 1 Kevin McDonald Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz “The sea is everything it is said to be: it provides unity, transport , the means of exchange and intercourse, if man is prepared to make an effort and pay a price.” – Fernand Braudel In the summer of 1694, Thomas Tew, an infamous Anglo -American pirate, was observed riding comfortably in the open coach of New York’s only six -horse carriage with Benjamin Fletcher, the colonel -governor of the colony. 2 Throughout the far -flung English empire, especially during the seventeenth century, associations between colonial administrators and pirates were de rig ueur, and in this regard , New York was similar to many of her sister colonies. In the developing Atlantic world, pirates were often commissioned as privateers and functioned both as a first line of defense against seaborne attack from imperial foes and as essential economic contributors in the oft -depressed colonies. In the latter half of the seventeenth century, moreover, colonial pirates and privateers became important transcultural brokers in the Indian Ocean region, spanning the globe to form an Indo-Atlantic trade network be tween North America and Madagascar. More than mere “pirates,” as they have traditionally been designated, these were early modern transcultural frontiersmen: in the process of shifting their theater of operations from the Caribbean to the rich trading grounds of the Indian Ocean world, 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Counter -Currents and Mainstreams in World History” conference at UCLA on December 6-7, 2003, organized by Richard von Glahn for the World History Workshop, a University of California Multi -Campus Research Unit. -
Range Expansion of the Whitenose Shark, Nasolamia Velox, and Migratory Movements to the Oceanic Revillagigedo Archipelago
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, page 1 of 5. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2017 doi:10.1017/S0025315417000108 Range expansion of the whitenose shark, Nasolamia velox, and migratory movements to the oceanic Revillagigedo Archipelago (west Mexico) frida lara-lizardi1,2, mauricio hoyos-padilla2,3, james t. ketchum2,4 and felipe galva’ n-magan~a1 1Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. C.P. 23096. La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico, 2Pelagios-Kakunja´ A. C. 1540 Sinaloa, C.P. 23070, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico, 3Fins Attached, 19675 Still Glen Way, Colorado Springs, CO 80908, USA, 4Centro de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas del Noroeste, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico Current literature considers that Nasolamia velox has a limited distribution along the coastline of the Eastern Pacific with sporadic sightings in the Galapagos Archipelago. This study provides evidence of the occurrence of this species at the Revillagigedo Archipelago (18899′186′′N 112808′44′′W), Mexico, using acoustic telemetry and videos taken from 2014 to 2016. We report here movements from a coastal location (National Park Cabo Pulmo) to a group of oceanic islands (Revillagigedo Archipelago) by one single individual, supporting the idea of the potential connectivity of sharks between the Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Archipelago. This report extends the known distribution of N. velox to 400 km off the mainland coast of the Americas, thereby increasing the knowledge of the distribution of a species commonly reported in fishery landings of the Eastern Pacific. -
Vegetation Succession Along New Roads at Soqotra Island (Yemen): Effects of Invasive Plant Species and Utilization of Selected N
10.2478/jlecol-2014-0003 Journal of Landscape Ecology (2013), Vol: 6 / No. 3. VEGETATION SUCCESSION ALONG NEW ROADS AT SOQOTRA ISLAND (YEMEN): EFFECTS OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES AND UTILIZATION OF SELECTED NATIVE PLANT RESISTENCE AGAINST DISTURBANCE PETR MADĚRA1, PAVEL KOVÁŘ2, JAROSLAV VOJTA2, DANIEL VOLAŘÍK1, LUBOŠ ÚRADNÍČEK1, ALENA SALAŠOVÁ3, JAROSLAV KOBLÍŽEK1 & PETR JELÍNEK1 1Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of the Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613 00 Brno 2Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 3Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Landscape Planning, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice Received: 13th November 2013, Accepted: 17th December 2013 ABSTRACT The paved (tarmac) roads had been constructed on Soqotra island over the last 15 years. The vegetation along the roads was disturbed and the erosion started immediately after the disturbance caused by the road construction. Our assumption is that biotechnical measurements should prevent the problems caused by erosion and improve stabilization of road edges. The knowledge of plant species which are able to grow in unfavourable conditions along the roads is important for correct selection of plants used for outplanting. The vegetation succession was observed using phytosociological relevés as a tool of recording and mapping assambblages of plants species along the roads as new linear structures in the landscape. Data from phytosociological relevés were analysed and the succession was characterised in different altitudes. The results can help us to select group of plants (especially shrubs and trees), which are suitable to be used as stabilizing green mantle in various site conditions and for different purposes (anti-erosional, ornamental, protection against noise or dust, etc.). -
The 20 February 2010 Madeira Flash-Floods
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 715–730, 2012 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/12/715/2012/ Natural Hazards doi:10.5194/nhess-12-715-2012 and Earth © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. System Sciences The 20 February 2010 Madeira flash-floods: synoptic analysis and extreme rainfall assessment M. Fragoso1, R. M. Trigo2, J. G. Pinto3, S. Lopes1,4, A. Lopes1, S. Ulbrich3, and C. Magro4 1IGOT, University of Lisbon, Portugal 2IDL, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal 3Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Germany 4Laboratorio´ Regional de Engenharia Civil, R.A. Madeira, Portugal Correspondence to: M. Fragoso ([email protected]) Received: 9 May 2011 – Revised: 26 September 2011 – Accepted: 31 January 2012 – Published: 23 March 2012 Abstract. This study aims to characterise the rainfall ex- island of Madeira is quite densely populated, particularly in ceptionality and the meteorological context of the 20 Febru- its southern coast, with circa 267 000 inhabitants in 2011 ary 2010 flash-floods in Madeira (Portugal). Daily and census, with 150 000 (approximately 40 %) living in the Fun- hourly precipitation records from the available rain-gauge chal district, one of the earliest tourism hot spots in Europe, station networks are evaluated in order to reconstitute the currently with approximately 30 000 hotel beds. In 2009, the temporal evolution of the rainstorm, as its geographic inci- archipelago received 1 million guests; this corresponds to an dence, contributing to understand the flash-flood dynamics income of more than 255 Million Euro (INE-Instituto Na- and the type and spatial distribution of the associated im- cional de Estat´ıstica, http://www.ine.pt). -
Part 2: Appendix
PART 2: APPENDIX 1. Study Area and Field Survey Appendix 1 Study Area and Field Survey 1.2 List of Study Area (Before Revision) Mangrove Study Area Site conditions Community involvement Area (ha) 1) Khawr Shinas 53 Planning to use as a park 2) Bandar Khairan 83 Picnic ground for barbecue and camping 3) Quriyat 80 Browsing by Illegal dumping of animals construction waste 4) Sur (Sukeira) 58 Planting Fodder for camel, fuel mangrove wood for community, (1.2 ha) recreational use as a park 5) Film-Mahawt 172 Used for fodder, Temporary houses for gillnets are set fishermen (population increase during the fishing season) Mangrove Sites 6) Salalah (Taqa) 1.6 Heavy browsing Protection area (access by camel limitation) 7) Salalah (Khawr Kabir 5.9 Browsing by Fodder for camel and Khawr Saghir) camel, Mangrove nursery construction started 1) Khaburah 0 2) Suwaiq (2 Khawrs) 0 3) Al-Sawadi 0 Mangrove planting Development plan for (1,16 ha) hotel, broken fence 4) Barka (2 Khawrs) 0 Developed as community park 5) Seeb 0 6) Ras Al-Hadd (Khawr 0 Near to a hotel site Ai-Hajar) Potential Khawrs 7) Umm Al-Rusay (Masirah 0 Island) 8) Duqm 0 9) Salalah (4 Khawrs) 0 A1-2 1.3 Results of Quick Survey at 47 Sites (1/3) Location Natural Conditions Social Condition Note and Comments Site Name No. of Mangrove Review and request by & Number Quick GPS Usage Pressure/Social Technical comment on forest Region Study Site (ha) Tidal Condition Wave/Wind Flood Salinity pH Soil Conditions Advice by JICA expert Omani side (DG, Nature on TOR Survey Positioning Impact and plantation Conservation) 1KhawrKhawr Kalba ?? Tidal action is disturbed. -
Autumn Migration of an Amur Falcon Falco Amurensis from Mongolia to the Indian Ocean Tracked by Satellite ANDREW DIXON, NYAMBAYAR BATBAYAR and GANKHUYAG PUREV-OCHIR
Forktail 27 (2011) SHORT NOTES 81 because they showed: a relatively long, conical bill; heavily chestnut- Dymond, N. (1999) Two records of Black-headed Bunting Emberiza tinged uppertail-coverts and rump; and a dark crown. All three birds melanocephala in Sabah: the first definite occurrence in Malaysia and were aged as immature on account of their pale yellow undertail- Borneo. Forktail 15: 102–103. coverts, fawn underparts and worn yellowish flanks. Earlier published Grewal, B., Harvey, B. & Pfister, O. (2002) Birds of India including Nepal, Sri checklists for Bangladesh list four Emberiza species (see above), but Lanka, the Maldives, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Bhutan . London: none mentions E. melanocephala; hence it can be considered a new Christopher Helm. species for Bangladesh. Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. & Inskipp, T. (1998) Birds of the Indian Subcontinent . Black-headed Bunting breeds in the western Palaearctic and Iran. London: Christopher Helm. It winters mainly in cultivated fields in southern Pakistan, west and Harvey, W. G. (1990) Birds in Bangladesh . Dhaka: University Press. central India and infrequently eastern Nepal and eastern India, with Husain, K. Z. (1979) Birds of Bangladesh . Dhaka: Government of Bangladesh. a few recent records from Jalpaiguri, West Bengal (S. Sen pers. comm. IUCN Bangladesh (2000) Red book of threatened birds of Bangladesh . Dhaka: 2011). It has a known tendency to vagrancy further east with records IUCN. from South-East Asia in north-west, central and southern Thailand, Khan, M. A. R. (1982) Wildlife of Bangladesh: a checklist . Dhaka: University of Singapore, northern Laos, northern Vietnam (Byers et al. 1995, Dhaka. Rasmussen & Anderton 2005, Robson 2008), southern China, Japan Khan, M. -
A New Miocene-Divergent Lineage of Old World Racer Snake from India
RESEARCH ARTICLE A New Miocene-Divergent Lineage of Old World Racer Snake from India Zeeshan A. Mirza1☯*, Raju Vyas2, Harshil Patel3☯, Jaydeep Maheta4, Rajesh V. Sanap1☯ 1 National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India, 2 505, Krishnadeep Towers, Mission Road, Fatehgunj, Vadodra 390002, Gujarat, India, 3 Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat-395007, Gujarat, India, 4 Shree cultural foundation, Ahmedabad 380004, Gujarat, India ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] Abstract A distinctive early Miocene-divergent lineage of Old world racer snakes is described as a new genus and species based on three specimens collected from the western Indian state of Gujarat. Wallaceophis gen. et. gujaratenesis sp. nov. is a members of a clade of old world racers. The monotypic genus represents a distinct lineage among old world racers is recovered as a sister taxa to Lytorhynchus based on ~3047bp of combined nuclear (cmos) and mitochondrial molecular data (cytb, ND4, 12s, 16s). The snake is distinct morphologi- cally in having a unique dorsal scale reduction formula not reported from any known colubrid snake genus. Uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence for nuclear gene cmos between OPEN ACCESS Wallaceophis gen. et. gujaratenesis sp. nov. other members of the clade containing old Citation: Mirza ZA, Vyas R, Patel H, Maheta J, world racers and whip snake is 21–36%. Sanap RV (2016) A New Miocene-Divergent Lineage of Old World Racer Snake from India. PLoS ONE 11 (3): e0148380. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148380 Introduction Editor: Ulrich Joger, State Natural History Museum, GERMANY Colubrid snakes are one of the most speciose among serpents with ~1806 species distributed across the world [1–5]. -
Migratory Connectivity and Conservation of the Amur Falcon Falco Amurensis: a Stable Isotope Perspective
Bird Conservation International (2010) 20:134–148. ª BirdLife International, 2010 doi:10.1017/S0959270910000237 Migratory connectivity and conservation of the Amur Falcon Falco amurensis: a stable isotope perspective CRAIG T. SYMES and STEPHAN WOODBORNE Summary 13 15 Stable isotopes (dD, d C, d N) were measured in adult and juvenile Amur Falcon Falco amurensis feathers to understand the migratory connectivity of this species. Using the OIPC (Online Isotopes in Precipitation Calculator) and a calibration curve for American Kestrels Falco sparverius we predicted the breeding range of South African Amur Falcons in the Palaearctic. dD values for juvenile feathers (mean 6 SE 5 À58.1 6 2.5&, range À83.9 to À25.7&) and predicted Palaearctic annual precipitation values indicated that juvenile Amur Falcons in South Africa originated from across their entire Palaearctic range. This rejects the leapfrog migration hypothesis and suggests the widespread movement of birds south, with a funnelling effect into the subregion where they become concentrated over a narrower distribution range. Adult dDf values were more depleted (À37.4 6 1.8&, range 5 À71.3 to À9.3&) than predicted annual precipitation values for sites where feathers moulted in South Africa (À20.2 6 0.9&) but there 13 was no correlation between dDp and dDf. This, together with significant variation of d C among sites and annual fluctuations in roost sizes, suggests that roost site fidelity is low in the overwintering range. Populations not confined to breeding sites in South Africa are able to move widely across the subregion, feeding on a broad range of arthropods that become seasonally abundant during the austral summer. -
Aloe Scientific Primer International Aloe Science Council
The International Aloe Science Council Presents an Aloe Scientific Primer International Aloe Science Council Commonly Traded Aloe Species The plant Aloe spp. has long been utilized in a variety of ways throughout history, which has been well documented elsewhere and need not be recounted in detail here, particularly as the purpose of this document is to discuss current and commonly traded aloe species. Aloe, in its various species, can presently and in the recent past be found in use as a decorative element in homes and gardens, in the creation of pharmaceuticals, in wound care products such as burn ointment, sunburn protectant and similar applications, in cosmetics, and as a food, dietary supplements and other health and nutrition related items. Recently, various species of the plant have even been used to weave into clothing and in mattresses. Those species of Aloe commonly used in commerce today can be divided into three primary categories: those used primarily in the production of crude drugs, those used primarily for decorative purposes, and those used in health, nutritional and related products. For reference purposes, this paper will outline the primary species and their uses, but will focus on the species most widely used in commerce for health, nutritional, cosmetic and supplement products, such as aloe vera. Components of aloe vera currently used in commerce The Aloe plant, and in particular aloe vera, has three distinct raw material components that are processed and found in manufactured goods: leaf juice; inner leaf juice; and aloe latex. A great deal of confusion regarding the terminology of this botanical and its components has been identified, mostly because of a lack of clear definitions, marketing, and other factors. -
REVIEW on “ALOE VERA- MEDICINAL PLANT” DIVYA PATHAK*, RAJESH SHARMA 1Assistant Professor, Dept
Vol-3 Issue-1 2017 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 REVIEW ON “ALOE VERA- MEDICINAL PLANT” DIVYA PATHAK*, RAJESH SHARMA 1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, TMU, Moradabad, U.P, India 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, TMU, Moradabad, U.P, India Abstract Aloe Vera is a very important and effective plant with so many health application and stuperfying that scarcely any part of human body remain uninfluenced by its healing medicinal use. It acts as a natural fighter against all classes of infection, an important effective anti-oxidant, helps in treating all digestion related problems, heartburns, arthritis, stress, kidney-stone, skins-burns, diabetes, rheumatism, pain, asthma, cancer, AIDS, It also acts as a laxative beauty enhancer and produced that effect on lowering blood sugar level in diabetics and maintain the blood sugar. It is commonly known as Barbados or Curaçao Aloe, is an herbal medicine with a long traditional use in different cultures. The main limitation of the current clinical knowledge about aloe vera gel is small clinical studies that often lack rigorous methodology. Several clinical trials are being conducted to further evaluate the use of aloe vera gel for a variety of disorders, as well as to further confirm traditional uses of the plant extract. Key words- Aloe Vera, cancer, diabetes, skin burn etc. INTRODUCTION Aloe vera is a very effective and important herbal plant in many other plants, it gives so many medicinal activities and pharmacological effects for human beings and animal. Aloe vera also be used for medicinal application in different system of our cultures.