Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission

INTER-AMERICAN DRUG ABUSE CONTROL COMMISSION C I C A D Secretariat for Multidimensional Security SIXTY-SIXTH REGULAR SESSION OF CICAD OEA/Ser.L/XIV.2.66 November 19 - 21, 2019 CICAD/doc.2506/19 Miami, FL, United States 18 November 2019 Original: Español

EVOLUTION OF THE THREAT OF SYNTHETIC DRUGS IN COLOMBIA Adulterants Response NPS Synthetic drugs Special studies

Background Evolution of the of Synthetic Drugs Colombia Miami,Florida Threat - November2019 in Adulterants

Response

NPS Synthetic drugs

Special studies Studies Studies of Consumption of Psychoactivein Substances Observatoriode SU Illicit Marijuana Tobacco Cocaine Alcohol B STANCE Drugs Drogas GENERAL de Colombia. 21 61 1,6 0,2 1,1 1996 , , 4 6 www.odc.gov.co % % % % % POPULATION 21 0 2 60 2 , , 71 12 , , 6 62 , 2008 2 % % % % % 16 3 58 3 0 , 27 , , , 6 7 21 , 2013 8 % % % % % SU SU Illicit Illicit Marijuana Marijuana Tobacco Tobacco Cocaine Cocaine Alcohol Alcohol B B STANCE STANCE Drugs Drugs UNIVERSITIES SCHOOL 81,77 31,71 29 11,2 2,4 1 7 11 63 2004 , , 2009 , 9 7 5 % % POPULATION % % % % % % % POPULATION 85,01 20 16 29 15,1 64 8 2 6 2 , , , , , 2011 6 4 9 23 , 1 2012 , , 9 4 4 % % % % % % % % % % Colombia 81,83 14 22 8 20,8 9 2 2 59 27 , 38 , , , , 7 8 47 7 , 2016 % 2016 4 % % % % % % % % %

Background Adulterants

Response

NPS Synthetic drugs Special Special Studies on Drugs in Colombia Year2014 Year2015 CANNABIS HEROIN SYNTHETIC Year2019 Year2018 Year2015 Year2009 Year2017 Year2012 COCAINE DRUGS I

Special studies Background Adulterants Response NPS legal to existing ones. New Psychoactive Substances Opium and derivate substances as adulterants. Greater purity and addition of toxic of of the active substance THC. Higher concentrations Cannabis Drugs sold as alternatives Today's drugs are notthe as same substances as adulterants. Greater purity and addition of toxic Cocaine withtoxic substances. Great diversity and adulteration patterns Synthetic drugs adulteration New forms of consumption, Emerging drugs I patterns. yesterday known drug

Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Adulterants Response NPS Results Results samples Analyzed Participants Year Studies About Syntheticin Drugs Colombia, 2009 Other clonazepam Scopolamine Cocaine Adulterants are concentrations contain Purity In Sample 330 PRADICAN Ministry 2009 330 methamphetamine samples. : substances samples Only some characteristics and of : Justice Caffeine and levamisole 25 PROJECT in ecstasy in % we 5 lorazepam) of most % of found pharmaceutical and ( of - the 53 like : ( 28 266 cases in samples, % 260 . samples Law, ), substance 13 Representation National of tablets, amphetamine % in different . samples) Other 2 of General % samples ketamine ( 44 77 of use (MDMA, amphetamine substances ) samples capsules, . of are 91 Attorney’s ( . 8 % presumed ) not y and of MDA . benzodiacepines under MDMA 11 . phenylpropanolamine - blotters MDEA), type I Office control ecstasy 13 Cities 13 samples stimulants . . and in . addition were with 9 (alprazolam, liquids identified found caffeine to ( 23 . low ) . to .

Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Adulterants Response NPS Results Results Analyzed samples Participants YEAR Studies About Synthetic 247 Colombia Ministry 2015 samples 70 of . Justice 49 20 and 10 Law, Representation National 6 General Drugs in Drugs Colombia, 1 1 Attorney’s 1 1 Office 34 I 14 cities 14 24 and 18 National 7 2015 Police 2 of

Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Adulterants Response NPS About LSDblotters Studies About Synthetic 3 2 1 1 1 1 40 Drugs in Drugs Colombia, • • NBOME TypeNBOME Substances is Everything Neiva Cúcuta Armenia Pereira Cali Medellín Bogotá I false 2015

Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Adulterants Response NPS Results Analyzed samples Participants Year Studies AboutSyntheticDrugs inColombia, 2018 substances Diffents 18 105 Colombia Ministry 2018 105 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. samples samples sold as MDMA and 2C morfolinopropiofenone Amphetamine 2C MDA Methamphetamine Acetaminofen Dibutylone Ketamine Caffeine MDMA Procaíne Norefedrine Ethilpentylone N DOC Fenacetine Cocaine Lidocaine 2 - - Ethylpentylone - metil B samples of and - Justice 4(metiltio) National and - 2 - Institute Law, Representation National General of Legal pentylone) (dibutylone, n of synthetic catinones were identified 3 - B chemical chemical substances from the group of the 104 samples 104 of samples the analyzed weredetected in universe the 18 Attorney’s Medicine 2CB and 2CB and DOC). methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA, identified (amphetamine, phenethylamine group were 6 74 chemical substances of the different different substances MDMA these 54 substance. contain Of 66 samples samples contain MDMA - ethylpentylone and samples samples contain singlea Office and I Forensic 13 cities 13 and National Sciences Police . of

Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Adulterants Response 33 NPS NPS have been detected in the synthetic drug market in Colombia in market drug synthetic the in beendetected have NPS Detected Detected in Colombia I

NPS Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Adulterants EARLYWARNING SYSTEM authorities ( reduce the impact of emerging drugs NPS), reliable information, available to the mechanism created to mitigate and and New Psychoactive Substances assessment and the generation of EWS is based on timelydetection, risk the information exchange related and the community in general. I - EWS

Response NPS Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Illicittypically drugscontainother substances,in tothe addition purported activewhich ingredient,canseriousadverse havehealth consequences To administration facilitate caffeine caffeine and effects of the drug when smoked. (e.g. Of Toadd bulk paracetamol) easily Adulterants are usually illicit available, drugs. procaine in Specifically to enhance the Drug Adulteration and legal. (e.g. relatively heroine). caffeine, cheap, cheap, Tomimic or enhance lidocaine in drug To As result of poor manufacturing techniques manufacturing poor of result As papaverine in poor Unintentional additions adulterants of or the result of give or mask or mask poor a manufacturing the the impression a qualitybetter of cocaine). heroine). quality. techniques. (e.g. I procaine, (e.g. acetylcodeine and

Adulterants Response NPS Synthetic drugs Special studies Background 10% 15% 20% 25% 0% 5% 21% Cafeine 18% Main aminopyrine acetaminophen Other: Cocaine adulterants Cocaine adulterantsin 13% Fenacetine 10% aminopyrine , , dimethylterephthalate, 2018 , methocarbamol Levamisole 6% , dimethyl 2019 5% cocaine are terephthalate Lidocaine 3% and 3% guaifenesin n =4829 guaifenesin. Cocaine caffeine, , 4% Other acetaminophen, 3% phenacetin, levamisole, Adulteration methocarbamol Cocaine + 5 adulterants (0.1%) adulterants +5 Cocaine (1%) adulterants +4 Cocaine (6%) adulterants +3 Cocaine (31%) +2adulterants Cocaine (62%) adulterant +1 Cocaine 31% Cocaine Cocaine 62% lidocaine, 6% I and 1%

Adulterants Response NPS Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Samples 10 12 14 16 18 0 2 4 6 8 Non Non adultereded 7 MDMA Main adulterantsMain in MDMA arecaffeine, ketamine, acetaminophen, 15 Ketamine 6 MDMA adulterants 16 2018 levamisoleandtramadol. Cafeine 4 2019 2 MDMA Acetaminophen 2 drugs MDMA withother 2 • • • N Heroin Cocaine n =49 - etilpentilone Tramadol 1 I

Adulterants Response NPS Synthetic drugs Special studies Background 1 1 1 Heroine adulterants 1 6 Other Drugs Cocaíne Morphine Papaverine Cocaine, Cafeine, MDMA Cafeine Caffeine, fenacetine, lidocaine, Acetaminophen, Acetaminophen, caffeine, phenacetin levamisole,ketamine levamisole,ketamine 2C MDA , - lidocaine, B I

Adulterants Response NPS Synthetic drugs Special studies Background Drugs. Psychoactive Substances and Emerging and (EWS) we share information about New We have created an Early Warning System network Information high qualifications and experience. We have gottrained professionals with resources Human Success Factors in Colombia Factors Success shares shares information about illicit drugs. We have a forensic laboratories' network that Infrastructure drugs (Argentina, Peru, Paraguay, etc.) countries who require information about our workabout We share our knowledge and experience with other experiences Sharing

Conclusions Substances Substances and Emerging Drugs. emergence of PsychoactiveNew related the to phenomenon of the Promote regional exchange mechanisms Experiences Exchange laboratories laboratories the for recognition of capabilities isIt necessary to increase the technical capacities Increase of of staff staff and forensic Challenges and Perspectives and Challenges NPS phenomenon. share information about the drug Promote the StrengtheningNetwork countries countries – isnecessary It to strengthen the Early Warning Systems EarlyWarningof Strengthening System EWS EWS and and promote the creation of at the the at regional level. integration of integration of regional networks to them them in different

Conclusions Calle 53 No. 13 - 27- Bogotá D.C., Colombia PBX (+57)(1) 444 31 00 (ext. 1262 | [email protected]