A LETTER FROM AMERICA By Pam Flett-

WILL be interested in hearing what you think of Roosevelt’s foreign policy. When he made the speech at Chicago, I was startled and yet tremendously thrilled. It certainly looks as if something will have to be done to stop Hitler and Mussolini. But I wonder what is behind Roosevelt's speech. What does he plan to do? And when you get right down to it, what can we do? It’s easy to say “Keep out of War,” but how to keep out? TREAD in THE FIGHT that the ‘American League is coming out with a pamphlet by Harty F. Ward on this subject—Neutrality llready and an American sent in Peace my order. Policy. You I’ve know you can hardly believe anything the newspapers print these days_and I’m depending gare end ors on hare caer Phiets. For instance, David said, hational, when we that read i¢ The was Fascist_Inter- far-fetched and overdone. But the laugh’s for on him, everything if you can that laugh pamphlet at it- Fe dered nigiae th fact, the pamphiot is more up- iendalainow than Fodey'eipener eso YOUR NEXT YEAR IN ART BUT I have several of the American League pamphlets—Women, War and Fascism, Youth Demands WE'VE stolen a leaf from the almanac, which not only tells you what day it is but gives you Peace, A Blueprint for Fascism advice on the conduct of life. Not that our 1938 calendar carries instructions on planting-time (exposing the Industrial Mobiliza- tion Plan)—and I’m also getting But every month of it does carry an illustration that calls you to the struggle for Democracy and Why Fascism Leads to War and peace, that pictures your fellow fighters, and tha gives you a moment’s pleasure A Program Against War and Fascism. I think it’s better to A GOOD calendar alone would be worth the price of only 25 cents. You get also the 12 works of Iearn in my own home with my family now than in a concentration art by America's outstanding artists. The contributors to the 1938 calendar are Charles Bateman, camp or at my son’s grave later. Of A. Birnbaum, Wanda Gag, Hugo Gellert, Harry Gottlieb, William Gropper, Zoltan Hecht, course, they tell me I’m not danger- Louis Lozowick, M. Pass, Georges Schreiber, Lynd Ward and Howard Baer. Our supply of ‘ous enough to be thrown into a con- centration camp, but I don’t know calendars is limited. about that either. And as for war, I can’t bear to think about it, but I Rush your order to force myself to. It’s time the com- mon people woke up on these sub- AMERICAN LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND DEMOCRACY jects. 268 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. January 1938, THE FIGHT With the Readers The Contributors x *

PITTSBURGH. Saturday morning, T ‘THESE BLOW TorcH LYNCHINGS JAMES WATERMAN WISE, in writ had just called the Congress Occurred ie be ier Yn Nas the article on the recent People's chairman and Peace, for Democracy for Democracy and Peace to order. Sothys Antic inching Bi Congress Mr. Wise, Hundreds upon hundreds of de Congress Knows whereof he speaks. are in their seats. One sees a multitude Before the who is active in the American League of faces from the West, East, North and uve Been NO Asests and on its National Board, devotes a South, tenant farmers, auto and steel “eh icons, treat deal of his energy to the struggle workers, bricklayers, coal miners, needle Nod ae fagainst war and Fascism. He is the au- workers, teachers, preachers, machinists, thor of The Nazi Terror, Jews Are Like Phat, The Future of Israel, etc, and men from the sea and office workers editor of various publications as well as many, many Contributor to many nationally known MANY familiar faces and

more young, eager and new faces. But that man sitting by himself at the edge ER jis the pen name of ‘of a row, with his hands in his lap, nev While Congress flibustered JOHN C. writer who knows his eco- every- fan Americ moving, never stirring, observing h thing and listening intently—who is he? nomics, South America n this case, j We know him, we are almost sure we Brazil—and the tide of ism which ji know him... the voice through the moved toward our contine microphone calls for “order, please, TNe Beis ISSUE TT, H. WINTRINGHAM, whose beau- 1 {| order.” tiful poem on Spain appears in this issue, | is the British author of Coming World WE have already witnessed three na- etc. He commanded the War, Mutiny, | tional congresses sponsored by the Amer- January, 1938 English-speaking battalion during the jean League. But at this, the fourth one, battle and was staff can- famous Jarama something has happened. It is less of a tain of the brigade which included the family gathering, less of an inner-circle, VoLUME 5 NuMBER 3 Americans at Belchite in August, 1937.

more of a cross section of America, more Captain. Wintringham was wounded ‘of representatives which has * twice and is now recovering in his home ing direction, Forward from Pittsburgh 5 in London, fences here through the democratic process By James Waterman Wise ind to hammer out a pro- HOMER P, RAINEY is director of the American Youth Commission of the Behind Fascist Brazil. 8 ‘American Council on Education, which By John G. Slater WLUSTRATED sY HOWARD BAER is devoted to the development of a com- are sitting on the platform and those prehensive program for the care and hundreds of eager faces silent but not so What They Say About China 10 education of American youth. | Mr silent, after all, the strength and hope of Rainey was formerly president of Buck By Berenice B. Noar ‘America, And’ for one split second we nell University close our eyes and hear Att the Congress. . 13 Thou art Peace—never by thee STANLEY KAUFFMANN is a new Would blood and treasure wasted be A Chance for Youth 15 writer to these quarters. His short story As tyrants wasted them, when all By Homer P. Rainey WLUSTRATED BY Jo PAGE in this issue is very welcome for many Leagued to quench thy flame in Gaul. reasons, but to the editors it is doubly welcome because it came unsolicited, A note is handed to us which reads, “You The Dime 16 greetings! After the session quietly and with hardly a knock on the sealawag, meet me at the lunch counter in the back By Stanley Kauffmann 1..USTRATED RY M. PASS door. A

of the hall The People Were There... a LILLIAN GILKES born and raised in By Herman Rothart the South, returned there recently and the THERE he is sitting at a table with a result of her observations you will find cup of coffee in his hand. We recognize Hope for the South. 22, in her article. Miss Gilkes taught a him now after our last meeting of almost By Lillian Gilkes course in the writing of the short story. sixteen years ago, when he came out of in the Home Study Department of Uni prison a conscientious objector fighting (Columbia), and has ie war-makers with all of his militant Monument hoes 25 versity Extension Irish energy. We had heard about him, By T. H. Wintringham — 1.USTRATED BY DAVID BURKE contributed to Scribner's magazine and off and on, for the last decade or so, read other periodicals about him, knew his rise to the top ranks HERMAN ROTHART is a New York Of one of the unions in the A. F. of L., a newspaperman who attended the Pitts- tunion still in the A. F. of L DEPARTMENTS burgh Congress for Democracy and Peace, mixing and talking with the dele- Radio .+. 12 As to Women 24 gates from mill, mine, farm and office. Congress. 1 am nota delegate, but there Movies .. . 14 Building the League... 27 BERENICE E. NOAR wanted to is something doing in this old world of Books .. 18 Youth Notes . 28 know what Chinese and Japanese living ours these days and I have not forgotten in the United States thought of the con- 1917. And the men in my union have not ‘Wall Street 20 Editorials 31 flict in the Far East—and she found out forgotten the World War. Better stil the young ones are lots smarter than we hy talking to them. were. They have our experience to go on. BLACK STAR is the agency responsible JOSEPH PASS, Editor for the photographs of the Japanese girl

FOR three or four years now I have been watching and reading on occasion CHARLES PRESTON, Assistant Editor and temple, on pages ten and eleven. ‘Tite Ficnt and a pamphlet or two... « ‘Twenty years ago the bosses talked to us The F Peace and Democracy, published mo by the National DAN RICO made the woodcut for our

editorial page after his recent exhibition about making the world safe for Democ- Executive Committee of the American League Against War and Fascam, in New York City. We are partial to 268 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. ‘Y. Chairman, Harry F. Ward. racy. They knew the masses and knew Veh Robert Mores. Lovett, Mrs. V or, Berger. Acting woodcuts. Do you like them? how to fool them. Well, we nes Waterman Wise, Secretarial ual Rei Democracy. Without it we will pei teasurer, J Clara Boditn; Education, Rob Admini THE cover you recognize, of course And this time we intend to fight Lerner; chy MeConnell; ‘Trade Uni ®, John M: is a Currier & Ives print and is repro-

10’ cents, Yearly sub- Tam not going to jail either. E duced here through the courtesy of The ith subscription, $5 cent ig on right not. In the steel mills and in $1.30 a year, Entered as Second Class Matter, Fe Old Print Shop. The struggle for peace March 3, 18 and Democracy finds a close ally in these China, in the Ford plants and in Spain Post Office at New York, N. ., under the act of old American lithographs. Line them up, brother, line them up!” THE FIGHT, January 1938

RING OUT THE OLD

} j RING IN THE NEW . i j

THE OLD YEAR 1937 rolls into history, with its wars and rumors of wars, its

Non-intervention Committee and cit ens’ committees, its Duke, subway Series and sweepstake winne: General Mola and J. Ram: MacDonald, among others, have issed from our midst. The Dionne Quintuplets a a year older. War is a year older. Fascism, likewise. So are the people. THE FIGHT has fought for another year. Well, here we are. January, 1938. Not in a concentration camp. Neither are you. Nearly all who were in concentration camps and Fascist prisons last January, still are—unless they have died. Some who were walking around, breathing the free air, are now in the prisons of Fascism. Many who blew horns and threw confetti last New Year’s Eve were blowing their last horns, for they are now dead, blasted out of this good life by the bombs and bullets of Fascism. President Roos elt has proposed collective action to res rain the aggressor al quarters — most of them quite respectable — nations, but in seve “watchful

waiting” policy is favored, While deploring the fact that mad dogs are running the streets, these parties feel that it would be foolish to attempt to restrain them, s bite if not firmly inasmuch as mad dogs sometim strained. Happy New Year! Subscribe to THE FIGHT! Join the fight! Fight harder!

TE FIGHT, 268 4th Ave., New York, % T enelo $1 for a bserip SUBSCRIBE TODAY— Name .seeeseeee Address City and State..... January 1938, THE FIGHT

Fight The January, 1938

THE FIGHT, January 1938 J. Hovde, Welfare Commissioner, welcomed the dele- Action against Jim Crow hotels! Arnold P. Johnson (left), complainant, confers vith attorneys Vernal J. Williams B. gates on behalf of Mayor Scully, who was ill ‘of New York and Rebecea L. Davis, Hyman Schlesinger and 1. Edwerd Roth of Pittsburgh

peace; and to mobilize them at apace and on a committees and their chairmen, which thereafter Crow hotels should demand equal treatment for scale which would“insure-victory almost continual session, were elected; the Negroes, and, unless it were granted, should im- ‘This-determiination was evident throughout. It report on the need for reorganization along mediately leave the hotels. ‘This action was supple- dominated the great mass meeting which opened the lines which would bring wider support to a more mented by mass delegations and picket lines which Congress and at which the speakers were B. F positive program was presented by Dr. Robert were thrown around the hotels in question, and was Hovde, welfare commissioner of Pittsburgh who Morss Lovett and supported by Earl Browder. followed up by suits for damages instituted by a spoke in the name of Mayor Scully; Ferdinand number of Negro delegates. ‘These suits will Louis Kerran, British Labor leader; Dr. Fernando Fighting Jim Crow prosecuted by members of the Pittsburgh ct de los Rios, the Spanish Ambassador; Dr. Reinhold In the afternoon the Congress first heard detailed of the League in conjunction with the National Niebuhr; Representative Jerry J. O'Connell; John reports of specific attacks on civil liberties, labor Office Vesecky, president of the Farmers Union, and rep- organizations and democratic rights. At the same resentatives of both the A. F. of L. and the C. I. O. time there was discussion—though because of limits From Foreign Lands It was most clearly enunciated in the penetrating of time far from enough of it—of ways and mi Later that afternoon, and at the evening se. Keynote address of Harry F. Ward as chairman of to prevent and defeat these attacks. Vigilantism in the Congress heard of Fascist aggressions in foreign the League. It characterized discussion in the com- Pennsylvania, violence against farmers and unionists lands, and considered the war danger as it threatens missions as well as resolutions which were adopted. in places as far apart as New Jersey and C the entire world today. The Vargas coup, which It formed the programmatic and organiz ional fornia, anti-Semitism in the East and Klan established the first Fascist state in the Western basis of the new American League for Peace and e South were exposed and Hemisphere, was cited by James Waterman Wise Democracy which came into being at the conclusion npaign of reaction to terrorize as a base for further Fascist expansion and a menace of the Congress. the American people and drive them into the Fas- to pan-American peace. Hazen Sise, a fra- cist camp. ternal delegate from Canada, told of the arbitrary A Broadened Base In this connection it is worth recording that the and repressive “padlock laws” in the province of ‘The very composition of the Congress was proof Congress dealt in uncompromising and militant man- Quebec which strike at the foundations of Magna of the changed and broadened base of the struggle ner with an issue which arose vhile it was in session, Charta and freedom of speech. Ludwig Renn spoke against war and Fascism. ‘The 1416 delegates rep- Negro delegates had been denied admittance to cer- of the heroic self-defense of the Spanish people, and resenting more than four million people, constituted tain Pittsburgh hotels. When this was brought to representatives of China and Japan showed the fan increase of about one million over the Cleve- the attention of the delegates, they took action by common stake of both peoples in halting the ageres- land Congress of 1936, Even more significant th ordering that all delegates registered in these Jim sion of the Japanese war-lords. this numerical increase was the changing character. As against 603,511 trade-union members repre- sented by 286 delegates in 1936, there were +13 Let the Fascists tremble as Ludwig Renn (center), famed German iter, chats with Peter Huyan of the United labor delegates from A. F. of L. and C. I. O. unions Koreans to did China and Marina Lopes ‘Bratilian-American who represented 1 1 trade unionists. Simi- larly there was a rise in farm representation from 61,471 in 1936 to 163,036. In addition there was broad representation from professional, religious, youth, racial, fraternal, and women's groups. In short, the American people were present at this Congres. And its broadened composition, its deep- ened trade-union and people's base was clearly re- flected at every session and in every major decision, ‘The sessions themselves—although they were ad- dressed by a wide range of speakers and covered geographically distant subjects—were marked by unity of aim, and intensity of purpose. At the open- ing session on Saturday morning, the political, neces- sarily factual and in part statistical reports of Dr. Ward as chairman and Paul Reid as, executive secretary of the League, and of Joseph Pass as editor of THe Ficu, were attentively heard; the various 6

Reinhold Niebuhr, Spanish Ambassador Fernando de los Rios, and Ferd’ ind Louis Kerran, fighting British Labor Amy Lee (left) and Harn Matsui demonstrate Sino- leader, hold an internation: ‘session all ‘Japanese solidarity in defense of China For 24 hours the delegates heard addresses, lis: vast influence of the United States on behalf of to a new position, a broadening of base to meet world peace, through support of democratic peoples enlarged needs and responsibilities. tened to reports, considered the evidence of anti democratic and militarist plots against the peoples and principles. ‘This appears first in the superficially unimportant of the world. On Sunday morning they swung into question of name. Yet even here the approach action against these plots. ‘The following sub- A Logical Step toward a positive program may be discerned. TI sessions were held: labor, farm, religious, women, ‘The congress of a great national movement always new League has set itself clear and comprehensive goals. Its opposition to war and Fascism will be youth, educational and cultural, national and racial. stands in relation to it as does a transformer in the Here the delegates threshed out differences and de- field of electrical engineering. ‘To it flow the not a whit less vigorous than before. But hence- termined on policies. ‘The organization committee diversified waves of opinion, of desire, of purpose forth it will combat them not as its primary purpose, but as the’ chief perils to the preservation of was hammering out the framework of a new League, which have accumulated and have taken shape in fit to cope with the great problems which had been individual members and affliated organizations. Democracy and peace. By this restatement of presented to the Congress. ‘The resolutions com- From it flows the transformed and unified current aims, the new League has clarified its position and mittee was sifting proposed drafts, hearing delegates, which will carry new life and power to the member- will attract great numbers of new supporters. weeding out duplications, phrasing the questions at ship throughout the country for the months and struggles ahead. And just as every electrical trans- Who Can Join sue, debating alternate measures. Yet though it was held in a dozen different rooms of various build- former steps down or steps up the current’s voltage, Again, in its ofganizational setup the ased or increased League marks a clear advance over the old. ings, this Sunday morning session was the most so every congress marks a dec vibrant and significant of the entire Congress. organizational strength, a lower or higher intensity invitation to membership of all organizations, except of energy and will political partis, should and in time will remove the Sessions of Action So viewed, the People’s Congress for Democracy false stigma of domination by the Communist or any other group—especially since it is coupled with For in this session—divided into commissions and and Peace marks a new era in the movement which affording opportunity for free if at times heated its name describes. ‘There was not needed an the express statement that all individuals are invited abrupt break with past attitudes: the change which to join who desire to: discussion—was welded the single determination to

took place was neither a denial nor a repudiation of transform the League Against War ind. Fascism Protect and extend democratic rights for all sections of into the League for Peace and Democr: earlier efforts. ‘The formation of the American League for Peace and Democracy appears rather as the American. people strument tempered to the times, an organization Keep the United States out of war and help keep war broad as the American people’s hatred of war and a logical and inevitable next step; its composition, out of the world tyranny, dynamic enough to exert the its character, and its program denote a sure advance Moreover, the setup of the American League for

Peace and Democracy is v ly strength ned by the This North Dakota caucus is plotting progress. (Left to right) Herbert J. Roberts, Ole E. Johnson, Lawrence Christian Miller, Adam Voigt and Mike Kostenko new composition of its national committee. Instead

of individuals representing only themselves, the com- mittee is predominately to consist of delegated repte- sentatives of the national organizations and the state and regional divisions which constitute its member- ship. This will greatly strengthen the bonds of loy- alty between the League and its constituent bodie make contacts more direct, create a greater re- sponsiveness in the L ague to the will of its mem- bership, and enable the membership more effectively to carry out its program. ‘And here we come to the essence of the new League: the program which after long and earnest deliberation it adopted unanimously as the concrete expression of its aims, Here again there has been simplification of form, clarification of purpose. ‘The nine-point program is stated so directly that none can doubt its meaning or confuse its objectives. It in clear unmistakable words just what

the League proposes to do. It is a platform broad (Continued on page 30)

Si the enunciation of the Monroe Doc- trine in 1823, at a time when it was feared by the leaders of American Democracy that the rapacious eyes of Europe were directed toward South America, the latter continent has been re- garded a Our interest in the infant Latin republics has a times even gone to the extent of “dollar diplomacy —the stigma of which the Roosevelt Adr is trying to remove by its good-neighbor policy. At present the wheel has turned full circle, and the imperialism of the United States is less feared by the democratic-minded people of Latin America than the Fascism of Europe and the Far East, whether the latter be expressed in terms of local political trends or in its economic effects. “Latin American” Dictators Machado in Cuba, Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, Vargas in Brazil, Gomez. in Venezuela, Terra in Uruguay and many others have made us amiliar with the Latin American variety of dictator- ship, in many cases before the purely Fascist variety appeared on the Old World scene, Yet, until re- cently at least, there has been a perceptible differ- ence between the personalized dictatorship of Latin America and the full-blown political ideology of a Hitler and Mussolini. In our smug manner of thought, we have ascribed the institution of Latin American dictatorship to some obscure political ma- chinations peculiar to the Latin temperament perhaps, dismissed it as a phenomenon proceeding from national immaturity. By and large over the course of the past century, it is probable that the bulk of Latin American dic- tators were motivated almost completely by the desire for political power and—what is more im- portant—wealth. The two have been inextricably entwined, and the man in the saddle, often with little more than the dubious loyalty of the army to keep him there, traditionally has lost little time in accumulating a personal fortune at the expense of the nation, Such men resembled the heads of European Fascist states to approximately the same degree that a Hell’s Kitchen footpad resembles Al Capone. It is worth bearing in mind that Latin America derived its political forms largely from the United States, and that until comparatively recently even dictatorship nominally was clothed in the trap- pings of Democracy. Now, however, with a ready- made political ideology available, together with the background provided by a far-reaching program of Behind Fascist Brazil Fascist economic and cultural penetration over the past few years, the stage is set for real or pseudo totalitarian philosophy. In countries where ©. munism has hardly reached the incubator stage, the petty Hitlers of South America are using the ‘red Nightshirt nationalism leaps the oceans to our Western menace” as an excuse to restrict civil liberties, and the political vehicle of Fascism itself has appeared Hemisphere and strikes down a neighbor people .. . locally in the form of “patriotic societies,” most of which function with little or no official interference. Above all there are economic reasons for this political A Warning of Fascism ‘The Fascist nations are thoroughly aware of the assault . . . Facts and figures on German, Italian possibilities of extending their domination over Latin ‘America, and this danger is gradually dawning upon and Japanese commercial penetration of Latin America democratic offcialdom in the United States. One authority on Latin America—Gaston Nerval, writ ing in Foreign Affairs of July, 1937—has issued the warning in the following words: Now the Fascist powers are just beginning to learn the advantages of concerted action. On the day they have By John C. Slater mastered. their new technique there will arise across the seas, another “Holy All ch "more energetic and ILLUSTRATED BY HOWARD BAER much more dangerous than the one which disturbed the January 1938, THE FIGHT sleep of James Monroe and John Quincy Adams more than of material supply but lucrative markets as well. fa hundred years ago. If the people of the United States From the commercial point of view, the German realized the far-reaching implications of this threat, not cnly in connection with the ultimate success of Pan-Ameri= brand of Fascism is in the ascendancy in Latin Amer- ‘anism but with regard to their own interests, actually even ica at the present moment, thanks to the intensive their own safety, they might cease deceiving. themselves trade drive undertaken during the past few years. with the illusion ‘of blissful isolation In 1929, Germany supplied but 8.8 per cent of total The new ‘Holy Alliance” has arisen in the form Latin American imports, and this figure had shrunk to 7.3 per cent by 1932, In 1936, however, Ger- of the “Anti-Communist Pact” signed by Italy, Ger- man goods accounted for 14 per cent of all Latin many and Japan. It is not a close corporation. American imports, and it is probable that this ratio ‘There is evidence on all sides of the Fascist bloc’s will be maintained or increased in the current year. intention to bring other nations into its fold as rap- ‘The German commercial penetration of South idly as possible, and it is an open secret that the America has been most successful in Brazil, Chile, bloc intends to extend its drive to South America, Colombia and Peru, which, aside from Argentina, where the groundwork already has been laid. represent the richest markets in that continent. The share of Germany in total Brazilian imports rose Brazil Goes “Corporate” from 8.9 per cent in 1932 to 23.5 per cent in 1936. ess than 10 days after the adherence of Italy to In Chile, the corresponding figures were 14.8 per the pact, President Getulio Vargas of Brazil—by cent and 28.7 per cent; in Colombia, 15.3 and 22.3; far the largest, most populous and potentially the and in Peru, 9.8 and 188. Germany, moreover, richest country in South America—abandoned all in 1936 displaced the United States from its tra- pretense of Democracy and announced the estab- ditional position as chief source of Brazilian and lishment of a ‘corporate state” amid the plaudits Chilean impor of his European fellow-Fascists. Vargas had been “The chief weapon in the hands of the Nazis dur- for years the champion red-baiter of South America, ing their onslaught on the South American market and martial law with its concomitant restrictions has been a complicated foreign-exchange mechanism,

repeatedly had been invoked when the position of by means of which South Americans who sold. goods the dictatorial government appeared to be threat- to Germany received credits which could only be ened by its opponents. Pursuant to the Constitution used to make purchases in Germany. In addition, of 1934, elections had been scheduled for January, direct export subsidies have been employed. By nut Vargas, fearing the accession of even a these methods, as well as by direct barter transac- faintly democratic administration and not being tions, the Nazi struggle for raw materials has neces- cligible for reélection himself, dissolved all legis- sarily carried with it a flood of German goods to lative bodies and perpetuated himself in office under the raw-material countries a new tailor-made constitution. ‘The latter, it may The question of the Latin American trade bal- be noted, was modeled after that of the Portuguese ance becomes of more than mere academic signifi semi-Fascist state. cance to the United States when it is realized that Brazil has thus become the first South American German trade tactics in Brazil have been in no small country openly to espouse the Fascist cause. Mem- degree responsible for the latter country’s recent bership of other nations in the “anti-red league” suspension of service on the external debt, about may soon follow. Meanwhile, what would be the $30,000,000 of which is held by American in- situation in the event Senhor Vargas’ Nazi Integral- vestors. istas and reactionary federal army were unable to control democratic opposition, and civil war, never Japan's Record a remote possibility in Brazil, broke out? The ‘The record of Japan has been somewhat similar. United States would be prevented from selling to Japanese trade gains in South America, however, the democratic forces by the Neutrality Act, as has while spectacular on a percentage basis, have not been the case in Spain, But the ery of “commun- achieved the same scale as the German. ‘The most ism” certainly would be raised by Fascist Vargas, important deterrent has been the fact that Japan and shiploads of Italian and German “volunteers” is not an important customer for South American and munitions presumably would follow. When raw materials, and many countries, adopting the slo- the opposition had been crushed with the aid of gan of “Buy from those who buy from us,” have Brazil's new political bedfellows, a grateful. gov- imposed drastic restrictions on the importation of ernment snatched from the jaws of “red chaos” Japanese goods. Recently, however, Japan has wwoilld find itself welded to the Fascist chariot with increased heavily her purchases of South American new economic and political links. ‘The Fascist bloc, products, and it is to be expected that this will be moreover, would obtain a stronger base for future followed by a general easing of restrictions now in depredations on other South American nations. force through the persuasion of the ubiquitous Japa-

nese commercial missions. From 1932 to 1936, Jap- The Drive for Trade anese imports from Latin America as a whole rose Why are the Fascist nations interested in Latin fold, and in the latter year accounted for 1.8 per America? The answer is obvious. ‘The South cent of all exports from that group of nations. Ex-

American countries make up the largest and richest ports to Latin America quadrupled during the same source of raw materials in the world which is not period and in 1936 were the equivalent of 2.2 per already under the direct control or influence of one cent of aggregate Latin American imports. As an ‘or more imperialist powers. Furthermore, while indication of more recent trends, it is significant great strides have been made in the last few years, that Japanese exports to Latin America during the Latin America as a whole is in a relatively primi- first seven months of the current year rose by about tive stage of industrial development. Manufactured 36 per cent, while imports more than doubled. ‘goods, other than a few staples and the products Contrary to the experience of the other Fascist of a limited number of foreign branch factories, nations, Italian trade with Latin America declined ‘must be imported. Thus Argentina with her beef in importance from 1929 to 1936, during which and grains, Brazil with coffee and cotton, Chile time the percentage of Latin American imports sup- with nitrates and copper, Colombia with oil and plied by that country dropped to 1.6 per cent from coffee, Peru with cotton, copper and oil, and Uru- 3.8 per cent, while the corresponding figures for

(Continued on page 26) guay with wool, represent not only desirable sources THE FIGHT, January 1938

HERE were three men with whom I talked | about the present Far East confi of them were born in Japan, e What They Say born in China, ‘The two Japanese were Ishigaki, well known painter, and Shozo Misutani, editor of a New York newspaper. ‘The third man as the Chinese Ching-Min Wang, secretary of the About China fast. Merchants’ Association, whose wife is ‘Theodora Wang, president of that very live and active body, the Chinese Women’s Association, The two Japanese had in common the land of their birth, but little else except that both were agreed that Japanese culture is a Japanese debt to China, ‘They differed sharply on the matter of Three men in America give their their native country’s policy in her treatment of her neighbor, nor were they in accord concerning the opinions on the Far Eastern war. motives back of Japan's aggression. Indeed, the Japanese editor, Mr, Misutani, repudiated the very term, nor would he agree that “invasion” suited any Two are of Japanese birth, one of better, but insisted that Japan’s presence in China came exclusively under the head of self-defense Chinese. .Yet the score is—Read Defending Tokyo's Gates the report ofa significant interview “It is self-defense,” he said, “viewed from any one of a number of angles. First of all, there is the alarming growth of anti-Japanism in China, which threatens the peace of the future. Why, they even teach the children in the schools to hate the Japanese! Surely we have to do something about that, or pay dearly later on, By Berenice E. Noar “But there is another aspect that is much more serious, and that is the growing danger of Com- munism in China, which is a menace to herself as well as to us. We must save not only ourselves but China too from that,” I wondered what, alternatively, the Japanese would be saving their Chinese neighbors jor, as I have asked numerous persons who, speaking of Hitler and Mussolini, have said that’ “at least they have saved their countries from Communism.” M Mizutani meanwhile went on to emphasize how strong must be Japan's sense of the need for self defense in China, that she should thus be diverting her forces from preparedness against the great enemy, the Soviet Union. They Were Drilling “And even in the matter of the first shot,” he ievedly, “China was the aggressor. The nese were merely drilling, as they had every right to do, when they were attacked. What els. could they do but protect themselves?” “But wouldn’t you say,” I asked mildly, “that ‘first shot’ had been fired by Japan six years before, when she seized. Manchuria? And wouldn't you say, too, that that might have had something to do with the growth of the anti-Japanism which you deplore?” Mr. Misutani’s self-righteousness on behalf of his country, which had been gaining momentum with his own arguments, was a bit staggered by that. I do not know whether he had forgotten that phase of the situation, or whether he hoped that I had; but he replied with a little less cer tainty of manner than before: “Why, ye-es; yes, I suppose that may have had something to do with it, But don't you see,” he went on, eagerly, drawing little designs on a pad before him, “that Manchukuo was not really part of China? See—" showing me the drawing he

The serenity of old China — looking from the Summer Palace at Peiping toward the western hills 10 had made—“here is the famous Wall of China, and the Japanese army farther and farther into the here, lying completely outside it, is Manchuria, terior.” It was ruled over by lawless war-lords, and was “Disregarding the newspaper reports, then,” I a menace both to China and to us, offering as it said, “upon what do you base your own optimistic did a stronghold for Soviet Russian invasion. Now

instead it is a stronghold to Japan against it. Cer tainly it has not paid Japan to hold it, from any The Main Factors other standpoint; it has cost her half a billion “Upon the weighing of the probabilities in the dollars and 300,000 men to do it. working out of the three main factors involved in “We seek nothing material from China. We the situation,” he said. “These are, briefly: How want only her codperation, that we may trade with long can Japan fight? Will there be any. major her peacefully, and join forces against a common change in the present international situation? How ong can China resist? “In the first matter, we've got to face the fact A Chinese on Japan that Japan's military strength is very great; and The Chinese Ching-Min Wang was especially contrary to the original plan, which was to hold her indignant about the Japanese talk of codperation. war machine in readiness for war with Soviet Rus- | “What do they mean by codperation?” he de- sia, it is mobilized practically full force against manded, ‘Why, that China meekly lay down her China, to meet @ resistance upon the part of the arms! As if such a thing were remotely thinkable! Chinese much stronger than the Japanese had “And as for the claim that it is all being done to save China from Communism—how do they

reconcile that with the fact that six years ago, when : the Japanese took over Manchuria, the Nanking f Government itself fighting Communism? What excuse were they using then? That gives the lie to that particular argument. “Well, one thing has been gained, anyway, from Japanese invasion, and that is that it has created 4 unity among the Chinese people that did not exist Chapei—"saved at last” before. No longer are they torn by internal dis

Al past differences are subordinated to the joint fight for national salvation. China is learning a new discipline, a new unity of purpose and American merchants, we reckoning and steadfastness in its pursuit.” those things among the probabilities; they come in “What, in your opinion, is the outlook for the the category of the possible only. ultimate result?” 1 asked uch better than you would be led to believe, China Can Win from the newspaper reports,” he answered, prompt- “No, what we are reckoning with chiefly is our ly. “You must remember that Japan is now in a own ability to hold out, and our will to do it as position to censor news, which means that it comes long as is humanly possible. Of the latter there is through considerably distorted. And as for China's no question, As to the matter of ability, that in seeming retreat—that is in fact part of her plan its turn depends upon three factors: man-power, ‘of resistance; she seeks to conserve her own power financial resources, ammunition, meanwhile exhausting the enemy's, as she draws we have a population of 450,000,000 from which to draw, or more than four times that of Japan; and we draw our army from surplus population, while in Japan each soldier is conscripted from business, Bombs fall on Shanghai farms, professions or the industries. Financially we are sound, Ammunition provides our gravest We can manufacture our own light am-

munition, for rifles and machine guns; but if we cannot keep open the foreign sources upon which we depend for heavy ammunitions and airplanes, will be a very serious matter. Granted a continued supply of these, Chinese resistance can be counted on for some time to come. What now, child of China? “We do of course most earnestly desire the moral support of the outside world; and we are grate ful to all who are demonstrating it by the boycott ‘of Japanese goods until Japan shall have ceased anticipated. And as for Japan's internal economic her present policy toward us.” condition, which is reported to be unsound—well, Germany in the World War demonstrated that a Forced to Flee country can keep fighting a long while without Mr. Wang's brother and sister were forced to

much money. In sum, then, I am not anticipating. abandon their business in Shanghai, and flee, shorn

an early breakdown of Japan. of all worldly possessions save the clothes on their

Possible Aid backs. “So,” said he, “you see I have personal as

well as patriotic reasons for resentment “Nor, taking up the matter of major change in invaders. But for the matter of that, e the present international situation, can I say that “T have some Japanese friends here in New York ‘my optimism comes from counting upon that. We who feel just as I do; they have lost four brothers, do not expect armed assistance from without. And conscripted to serve in the invading army, and they

though we cannot predict what developments might are very bitter about it.” be suddenly precipitated by the repetition of events Mr. Ishigaki's protest against his country’s like the machine-gunning of the British Ambassador (Continued on page 30)

HE RADIO industry has a bad Boake Carter's reactionary and jingo- that Cameron was one of the leading tre” is providing a treat for listeners se of the jitters this month istic mouthings finally stirred up 2 organizers of the viciously anti-Semitic in New York with its series of modern despite, the fact that its profits hornet’s nest of protest which caused “Anglo-Saxon Federation, one-act plays by such writers as Ste- will be higher in 1937 than during any hhim to be ditched by Philco, his spon- The broadcasters, who are highly phen Vincent Benét, Albert Mal other year. sor. General Hugh Johnson’ sensitive to all of this criticism, are try Ernst Toller and Langston Hughes, Reason for the long faces exhibited ascist ravings finally caused Charles ing desperately to defend themselves. which are presented over WQXR at year-end directors’ meetings are Michelson, once his right-hand man in Several liberal commentators—particu- every Tuesday at 9:30 p.m. many and varied the N.R.A., to comment that the Gen- larly Lewis Browne, author of This First and foremost, of course, is the eral’s idea of the way to avoid the rise Believing World, and Johannes Steel, ‘The semi-Fascist Argentine govern- accelerating drive to unionize the en- of an American dictator was to make German political exile—have been put ment is missing no propaganda by tire industry. After surrendering with Hugh Johnson dictator. The Rev ‘on the air. General Johnson's spon- At the same time that it announced hardly a struggle to the hated musi- Gerald K. Smith’s 38-station. network sors are seriously considering the ad: that no broadeasts could originate from cians’ union, station after station in all is falling apart because several sta- visability of providing free air-time for sessions of the Buenos Aires City Coun- parts of the country is being forced to tions have found it politic to cut him ganization desiring to cil because “anti-government speeches grant whole or partial recognition to off the air. refute or take exception to the cavalry- are made there at times in language other CLO. and A.F. of L. Father Charles B. Coughilin’s pet idea ‘The networks are stress- which often is improper for broad- And now the long-awaited drive of of starting a series of international the great number of peace talks casting,” it also initiated a program to the American Communications Asso provide millions of low-cost receiving ciation (C.LO.), to organize the per sets to farmers in isolated sections of sonnels of all New York network the country. Such naturally, outlets and independent stations on an must be constructed so they pick up industrial basis, has started with a VED programs only from government-con- bang which rocked the microphones. trolled stations. The first gun in this campaign fired when Kendall Davis, vice Emst Kou, short-wave commenta- dent of the A.C.A. broadcast divisi tor of the National Broadcasting cabled Arturo Toscanini, world-famous Company, is at the head of a huge orchestra leader, to the effect that Nazi radio propaganda service which N.B.C, was cutting down its person- provides American stations gratis with nel in drastic fashion to make the budg- German-made records extolling the et balance after hiring the maestro virtues of Fascism, according to for a tremendous sum to conduct a se- charges made by William Leick in the ries of symphonic broadcasts. ‘The Cleveland Press. ‘The organizat resultant commotion caused the net- hhas branch offices in Cleveland, Chi- work to reverse its salary and staft- cago, St, Louis and San Francisco, the slashing program and inform employees Press charges. Samples of comments that some raises would be forthcoming in German which are sandwiched —next April between musical numbers on these In an entirely different field the transcriptions are big-shot broadcasters are worried about We ome Der Fuchrer thanks for the them of the deepening beautiful automobile highways that now the effects upon cross Germany. He has person business depression, Already General supervised this great work Motors has cancelled its elaborate A new spirit prevails in Germany, inc musical programs over N.B.C. (the fused by Der Fuehrer, whose untiring elforts competition with Toscanini was par ‘a new and united Germagy should in- tially responsible) and the networks ie every German at home and abroad. are shivering for fear other auto man- ufacturers, who provide a large part of England, which in the past has re their revenue, will follow suit. fused to broadcast short-wave pro- ‘Then there is the blast which grams in foreign languages, has at last George Henry Payne, Federal Com: decided to fight the big propaganda munications Commissioner, launched transmitters of Germany and_ Italy against the industry at the recent Ni their own weapons. In the fu- tional Conference on Educational ture Daventry will speak to the Em- Broadcasting in Chicago. Payne said pire—and to anyone else who cares to in part listen—in half a dozen tongues. The The ideals of the broadcasters. must be officials of the British Broadcasting changed even if such changes are made at the Corporation have held that while rere jolt to these gentlemen. Like short-wave talks blanketing not only and forums which they have presented propaganda programs in English are pictures, the United States and Canada but prob during the year. And their prudish regarded as unbiased information by the broadcasters is ably Great Britain and other European ban against mention of the ravages of foreign listeners, their true nature gence poseessed by a child of 12. It is im- se the average to the adult age; countries has been scotched by none syphilis and other venereal diseases has would be recognized as soon as they he danger that radio will other than Pope Pius himself. been partially lifted in response to in- were translated, But when the Berlin ‘immaturity in the grown- And workers throughout the coun: sistent demand by physicians and the stations started broadcasting in Zulu, try are still laughing derisively at a public. it was just too much for the B.B.C. he danger that radio and the movies will in time make us a nation of recent radio statement by W. J. Cam: ‘grown-up children, Radio must be pre eron (another Reverend who is now Around the World Hats off to members of the C.BS. growth of the Henry Ford’s publicity agent) that publicity department in New York pping the the Ford factory is really a “Little NNOUNCERS on General Fran who have, during the past three League of Nations” where foreign co's short-wave propaganda sta- months, contributed almost $100 to the born workers are taught the true prin- tion at Salamanca now “guarantee the North American Committee's fund for Aces in the Hole ciples of American Democracy and absolute truth of all information sent aid to the Basque refugee children D THERE are the messes into inoculated against radicalism. In this out on the air.” Practically every member of the large which a number of radio’s “ace connection it is interesting to note John staff gives a regular donation. commentators” have stepped recently L, Spivak’s well-substantiated charges ‘The W.P.A. “Contemporary ‘Thea- —Grorce Scorr January 1938, THE FIGHT Two of the freed Scottsboro boys greeted the delegates. Robert Morss Lovett was chairman of the program (Left to right) Roy Wright, Richard Moore of the committees Prof. Lovett, « founder of the American Scottsboro Defense Committee, Olen Montgomery and Teague Against War and vice-chairman Harry F. Ward of the on

Negro and white, profes. sor, preacher and farmer— At the Americans and friends from other lands — they met at Congress Pittsburgh and hammered out a program for liberty

Friends met Robert Raven when he returned to Pitts: burgh, his home town, in time for the Con Raven’ gave hie sight that Spanish Democracy might not perish

THE FIGHT, January 1938

Zola facing the camera at left, and the Dead End kids at right had us ready to give Hollywood a clean slate for the year. But then we remembered dozens of jing: films like The Leathernecks Have Landed (center)

‘(OW COMETH the New Year, and the Missing) ; there was Dick Powell singing joyously

about how much fun it is to carry a gun in the Sa enennnaes ition Marine Corps (in The Singing Marine) ; there was the usual quota of Naval Academy features, with pointing to the past, and a good deal of covering all sorts of people getting mixed up in discipline and

Mowes football and blondes, as if they never thought of anything else at Annapolis, and there was thar The feof Emile Plo, Te Goat Earth, Dead tender, touching thesis on old age and ungrateful End, Captains Courageous, Lost Horizon and the children, in Make Way for Tomorrow Hollywood's balance-sheet. re- the assets too the newsreels of the Chinese horror Behind the Camera Ee sicclunrecet lta Dini Te veals ae ae jl Maat a promise of better days, N THE other side of the camera, during the List among. the on both sides of the camera year of grace 1937, we had such items as the assets for the year the fine fury of such numbers as threats of the Screen Actors’ Guild to call a strike, Black Legion and They Won't Forget; the acting

unless recognized by the producers as a bargaining of Pel Muniin bah The Good Both soot ney for the players; we had the enthusiastic growth of a social consciousness marching through as O-Lan in The Good Earth; and the brilliant, all departments of the studios, with such names as ope Re eR pavers rath Donald Ogden Stewart, Frederic March, Robert old professor in Baltic Deputy. Montgomery, Dorothy Parker and the like leading the way; we had the make-up artists, the scenic a ists, the camera men, the painters and decorators all Pointing with Pride organized; and we had Vittorio Mussolini, the HERE are any number of things to which the author of the book revealing what fine sport it is to soreen can point with pride as its contribution kill Ethiopians. during the year. ‘There is the brief dialogue in Whatever becomes of Hollywood, whatever the Dead End wherein Sylvia Sidney utters some forth- future holds for the American motion-picture in- right words on the subject of picketing and police dustry, the ignoble flight of the Junior Duce rom brurality—the words themselves being not so im- California back to papa will always remain one of portant as the fact that they were allowed to be the shining marks to the film colony's credit. Holly- uttered on the screen at all. ‘There was the shock wood, despite its sham, despite its pre ing horror of sectional prejudice and bestiality showed here the calibre of which it was made, and up toa terrific climax in They Won't Forget. There the bust-up of the projected deal between Hal Roach is the scene of the Great Famine in The Good and the Roman dictator is a-matter to which it can Earth, and the subsequent scene wherein Wang, the point with pride as long as it survives, peasant farmer stranded in the city, hears a soap-box The future promises even greater things. Just orator and wonders, “What is revolution?” There now we are getting Walt Disney’s Snow White and were those newsreels of the holocaust in Shanghai, the Seven Dwarfs, the first full-length feature to the bombing at Nanking, and the clips of the fleeing be made by the Maestro of Mickey Mouse. Just Chinese refugees, which, taken by and large, fur now the film industry is making even greater strides nished the most dramatic, the most appalling argu- toward a full-bodied, militant social consciousness ment against war that the cinema has ever given us. Just now the movies are on the verge, after years There was the cour ence in Zola, of ineffectuality, of at last achieving their most palp- wherein the novelist pleads, not for himself, but for able predestination—their coming of age in powe the maintenance of truth and justice. here was the in thought, and in intellect. When you consid gentle philosophy of the Grand Lama of Shangri-La that such a producer as Sam Goldwyn can turn in Lost Horizon, wherein Mr. James Hilton, the out such a picture as Dead End, the trend is mani- author of the story, shows us his desire for a sanc- festly unmistakable. There are fevers besetting the tuary from the evils of the world. There were those world, as we go into 1938, there are c

six kids in Dead End, beaten down by their form growths and spreading horrors. But the American of society and giving voice to the bitterest comment motion-picture is waking up, and cannot fail of its rent affairs the cinema has seen.

sugar-coated, but a message still ema Then too, there were such items as Victor Me- ‘The Wave, a picture of Mexican life by Paul Strand, OF all sad words of tongue Laglen, leader of Hollywood's celebrated Light mas an outstanding mdependent production. Great Peace on eat Horse Troop, mouthing words about the stupidity things are expected of this type of film in the struggle of America entering the war (in Nancy Steele Is for real people's movies —Roperr SHAW 14 January 1938, THE FIGHT

A Chance for Youth The director of the Ameri- can Youth Commission of the American Council on Ed- ucation asks economic se- curity for our young people

By Homer P. Rainey ILLUSTRATED BY JO PAGE

ard a great deal recently about large proportion of young people the security which We know that very little articulation of any so We have always agreed that they are expected to attain is not merely for them- exists between school and the occupational worl. ried and have schoolboys and many schoolgirls expect to get Many of them are m: All economic security had to be provided selves alone. everywhere they are allowed to drop people and other dependents, who had no families of their own to support. This is a respon. jobs; yet nearly for old which even married girls do ‘not always out of school whenever they have reached 1+ or 16 one to look after them. And lately weshave re- sibility without any assuranes that employ escape. It is not uncommon to find that a young years of ag luctantly been forced to recognize that individuals will be in the prime of life, able and willing to work, o wife is the only one of her family who has been able ment is waiting for them or even that they means of supporting themselves to obtain work, able to find it within reasonable time. ‘The result cannot find the these pressing family responsibilities of this laxity is that numbers of them leave school at must be provided for at the public expense. Does Nor are for our this state of affairs extend to youth? Are they, too, among youth restricted to young people who have an early age and are soon made to suffer subsidized by society? married. Many single youth contribute to the sup: carelessness in allowing them to do so. Extreme in need of being family, and many more have instances have been found of youth who dropped To talk of economic security for youth may seem port of the parental wait 10 almost paradoxical. What right have young people been found who feel they should do so but are un: out when they were under 16 and had to security? If that condition is to be be able. ‘Thus a high proportion of youth—it may years before securing a full-time job. Even those to expect amount to as much as a third—are handicapped at emain until graduation—though they are bet- stowed by society, should it not be only as a last ployment in point of age and, to resort and after every possible effort has been made the very beginning of their occupational careers. ter qualified for e If energy some extent, by training must often wait long by the individual to win it for himself? A Minimum Program before they are able to find work. The periods and ambition still count for anything, no class in of em: the population would seem better equipped to achieve But whether a young person faces life on his own. need for some plan of fitting the beginning competence than the youth among us. Why or whether he has family responsibilities, there is an ployment into the ending of formal education in: economic of economic opportunity which sistently demands to be met. At present, when our should society risk dulling their fine qualities by put irreducible minimum with young people they are ving a premium upon indolence and sloth? So runs he has a clear right to expect of society. This may schools are through be expressed in a three-point program turned out to shift for themselves. The result seems (1) Bvery youth should be able to feel reasonably to render many of them shiftless They Want a Chance sure that when he leaves school there will be a niche Changing Jobs approach quite misses the point. Young for him in the occupational world. This He should have some assurance that his job ‘The problem of finding employment for youth is, people are not asking to be pensioned; all they de (2) means solved when the first job has it is a very reasonable desire—is to be will afford him reasonable security of tenure however, by no sire—and should enable him to maintain a been obtained, What is technically known as ‘“mo- given the opportunity to make their own way in (3) His wages is on the increase among life, ‘The chief obstacles they find facing them are decent level of living and should have prospect of bility of employment” and they themselves realize this. increasing to the point where he can undertake to young peoples and a great deal of insecurity is am- economic ones, ‘To change jobs and surveys of youth have been made marry and have a family plied in that noncommittal phrase. Many studies There are a number of significant conditions re may be a good thing if it me s an improvement in among he various problems of and in recent years, to the employment of youth which the above the status of the worker But all too often now which the subjects show themselves to be conscious, lating s simply in shifting from one poorly those which are fundamentally economic almost in- brief outline does not touch upon—for instanc days it the top. “Unemployment” and hours and working conditions. But our concern remunerative employment to another, and the period variably emerge economic security, and certainly of enforced idleness which almost inevitably inter- is with simple “Jack of money” are the most frequent complaints here venes tends to stretch out to an ominous length. and in a recent survey in Maryland, conducted by that state cannot be defined in terms more restricted Commission of the American than those just given. For the youth whose em- ‘There may have been a time when to be unem: Youth the American ployment experience does not fit into this pattern, ployed was the sign of an in« ficient worker, but that Council on Education, two thirds of the young, is certainly not the case today Young persons who people specifying their most pressing personal prob- conomic security” is a mere jingle. He lives in at the present named “economic security.” ‘a condition of economic insecurity. are fortunate enough to have jobs len moment have been found to have sust ated ‘o appreciate the full gravity of the economic It is much to be feared that a very difficulties of youth, it must be realized that for a tion of youth are denied these simple assurances. (Continued on page 24) THE FIGHT, January 1938

The D Frank J. Fuller bossed twenty peo desk, a car, a big house and si

By Stanley Ka ILLUSTRATED BY HE TAXI had left the town and was mister.” ‘The man took the coin and he gotJaid up. There was his job to think of, and —and everything. | peeding along the snow-banked highway. beneath the lamp as if it were giving They neared a sign-post and a street-lamp. heat, not light Well, there was nothing to do but walk down “Js that Oak Drive up ahead?” called the driver, Fuller wondered for a moment why the man to the highway and offer some motorist a dollar to as he sapped the motor’s strength. didn’t move on towards town; then he shrugged in- take him into town. He'd have dinner there, and Fuller threw away the stump of his cigar. Good wardly and walked up the street to his house. later on he'd phone Emma to stop for him on her

smoke. He had lit it in Grand Central, and it way home. She'd be angry, but it wasn’t his fault.

had lasted all the way out on the train and in the Hex CHED his gate and tried it, Te was She had yelled at him this morning and that had

taxi. locked. Of course, Emma was visiting her made him forget to change the things from his “Yes,” he answered cordially. “First turn to sister and it was the maid’s night out. He unbut- trou—

your right, old man.” Might as well get the repu- toned his overcoat peevishly; he really would have A sudden thought struck him, more chilling than to get Emma another maid, so that there would the wind. His wallet. His finge s fairly raced into tation of being a regular fellow. “Say, mister, do you mind if I let you off here?” always be someone home. He could afford two his wallet-pocket. It was empty the driver asked. “It looks a little icy up there, and Phew! ‘This was serious. Emma might not maybe-I couldn't turn around and I'd have to back went into his key-pocket. The pocket come home for a couple of hours and it was getting down on the i was empty. cold and it was pretty dark and he didn’t have a “Quite all right,” said Fuller, rousing himself. His fingers went into his handkerchief-pocket, penny in his pockets— “TL get out here.” his change-pocket, his comb-pocket, and his letter- Here, now. No need to get panicky. He was He alighted on the corner. ‘There was a man pocket. ‘The keys weren't there. Frank J. Fuller, Three Oak Drive, Woodland standing under the street-lamp. He remembered now. How stupid of him! He Heights, New York. Look me up in the phone- “How much?” Fuller asked the driver. had changed his suit that morning and had forgot- book if you don’t believe me. Identification? Here's orty cents. ten to take the things out of his trousers. It came my commutation ticket. Might have stolen it? He drew out a half-dollar. “Keep the change,” back to him clearly: he had just transferred every- Here’s a letter—where was that letter? I thought he said thing from the coat when Emma called upstairs I put it—no, you've got to believe me. I’m Frank “Thanks,” replied the driver. ‘Then he booted that it was late. In the rush, he had forgotten to J. Fuller. Everybody knows me. I’m the fellow the taxi around and scurried back to town. empty his trousers-pocket; and his keys were still ‘one knows. The successful one. ‘The one ‘The man under the street-lamp stepped forward. in the gray suit in the bedroom closet. who's made his way “Hey, mister?” he said. How stupid it was. The keys belonged to him; He walked slowly down the street towards the Fuller was very calm. Te was a lonely spot, and the gate, the house belonged to him; but he couldn't highway. ‘The man was still leaning against the it was a long time since his football days, but he in, How infernally stupid it was. He kicked lamp-pos was calm. “Yes?” he said. junk of ice into the gutter. “"Y'got a few pennies t’ spare? I’m on the road. T sn he shivered. It certainly was cold. He N IDEA came to Fuller. The man, That T'm hungry.” hadn’t realized how cold it was. Fuller smiled. He dime, His last dime. He could walk up the

“Well— considered Fuller. He really didn’t had a sense of humor. Here he was, a successful highway, half a mile the other way, to the approve, but it was a lonely spot and a long time man, the owner of the nicest house in the township, station and phone his wife’s sister. He'd since his football days He reached into his change- without a roof over his head on a windy night. He man to give back the dime and promise him a dollar. pocket. ‘There was one coin in. it He pulled it laughed aloud—once. Sure. out: it was a dime. The laugh gave way to a sneeze; and all merri- He approached the one circle of light on the “Here,” he said, extending it, “that’s all the ment died in his breast. Say, this was no joke, He long, dark road. change T have.” couldn't just stand still and catch cold. Suppose “Hello, mister,” said the man. 16 January 1938, THE FIGHT

; Dime enty people. He had a mahogany e and six suits—five too many ey Kauffmann \TED BY M. PASS

“Hello, You still here?” smiled Fuller cheer only for half an hour. You'll get “Pll find it,” Fuller said, “I'l find it.” fully it back, I promise you. I’ll—I'll even give you He bent over and pushed a gloved finger into “Yeah, Waiting for a lift. Not many cars pass. the snow. Not there. He brushed the snow aside. More. And more. Before he knew it, he was on ‘And they don’t stop.” ly. “O.K,, mister.” He dug deep into his Ah,” sighed Fuller, not knowing what to say d pocket and brought out the silver. “O.K.” his knees, brushing the snow away. He brushed next. Tt seemed queer to be standing there. He The cheek of him! Giving him the money as if and brushed, like a dog digging a hole. wasn't used to it. He never stood still on the he were a panhandler. “Just a minute,” he whispered hoarse ‘Don't street. He was always going somewhere. Yet “Say, listen here, I really will, you know. I'm go away. I'll find it. T’ll find it.” there he stood; on the corner; without a house. not lying.” ‘The man stood motionless, still with his back Frank J. Fuller “AI right, mister.” turned. ‘The man looked at him, silently asking the ques- “Do you think I'd steal it from you? Eh? What Where had it gone? Fuller was almost down do you think a dime means to me?” phalt. ‘The snow was flying now. (I'm locked out,” said Fuller, “forgot my “T didn’t say nothin’, mister.” go, don't go,” he cried. “It’s here. It His panic and the cold and having-and-not-having can't be lost. It’s here—somewhe: keys.” “Oh.” overflowed and bathed him in a kind of fearful rage. His gloves were soaking wet. He was kneeling

“Very annoying.” He vented it on this man. “My name is Fuller. Ask con the edge of the sidewalk. It was the only lighted “Yeah.” anybody. ‘They kno [live here. My hou patch on the long, dark road. ‘The man's tone, Why, he didn’t believe him! is right up there. The city, too. Important job. Here,” he chattered, “here,” as he dug in the ‘Mahogany desk ary. And twenty ‘Good God, a dime doesn’t vanish into thin “IT really live there, you know.” And a seer Sure. Sure.” people under me. air. A dime is—is—don’t go. Please, mister. “I do!” “AIL right, mist— Don’t go.” “{ didn't say nothin’, mister.” ‘The man’s feet “You think T’d steal a dime? Why—why—” Now he was frantic. Now his eyes strained out shifted. What did he own? Come on, Fuller, what do you of his head, and sweep! sweep! the snow flew. At own? You've mentioned the house already. “— last, a glint of silver. And then he held it in his Fuller decided to adopt a more important man- hand. ‘The recovered coin. The recovered pride. ner—Big Business, slightly ruffled. “It would “I've got a—a car, and six suits and—and cigars. happen on a night like this. Cold. Brrr. My Two boxes. One in the office and one home.” The recovered self. "Yes, mi— He pulled himself to his feet and turned to give wife’s gone out with the car.” ‘Then, “It is cold, back the dime, Bue he was alone. Alone in the “You think I'd steal a dime?” , mister,” said the man simply. “No, mister. Here you are.” He held out the circle of light on the long, dark road That dime, He would have to get that dime He peered out into the blackness, and, already back without making an ass of himself. “Ah,” exclaimed Fuller angrily and slapped the ddim in the distance, he saw the man hunching along “Say, old man,” friendly now, without patroniz man’s hand. ‘The dime fell into the snow along the towards town, with his shoulders close to his neck you remember I gave you a dime?” curb, and his hands in his pockets. Fuller thought: “I

“Yeah.” A note of fear. “Jesus, said ¢ ‘man softly and turned away must run after him, I must give him this dime “Well—well—it’s embarrassing as hell —” ‘There were tears in his eyes. He mustn't think that—that—” (Hell. You see, a swear-word makes it more mas- But he didn’t follow. He knew secretly that he culine.)—“but I haven't a cent on me and II ULLER stopped. He felt as if he had been couldn't follow. He stood beneath the lamp for a running fast; now he stopped. He was sorry. Jong time, with snow on his kne and snow on avant to make a phone-all.” “Oh.” ‘The man looked at him. He hadn’t lied; I didn’t mean to do that.” his coat ‘And the wet coin he clutched in a wet he really was hungry The man said nothing and did not move. glove. THE FIGHT, January 1938

force. ‘The Poems of Spain the statuary. But from behind « marble ‘Theatre tried to do, an estimate of done so with novelty and up started a family of black pi who rushed the personnel of the theatre workers, disapproval of the Right was, there- Lament ror THE DeaTH oF 4 BULL he lamb; and. speedily tear a survey of its nation-wide activity fore, to be expected, particularly as— before Lorea’s horrified hey devoured it FIGHTER AND OTHER POEMS, by Feder in this vague wilderness of fallen masonry and a description of the reaction by to quote Miss Whitman—"For some ico Garcia Lorca; with translations audiences, dramatic critics, the press reason, unemployed persons with the from the Spanish by 4. L. Lloyd; 60 ‘As a symbol this sums up exactly and anti-New Dealers. Having studied requisite ability for theatrical enter- pages; Oxford University Press; $2.50. the poet’s relation to Fascism, and her subject closely, and being equipped prise turned out to be people with new that of Fascism to culture—particular- with considerable knowledge of the ideas. The fact that private industry EDERICO GARCIA LOR- ly if one recalls that Juan March, the social structure, Miss Whitman is, on found no use for their talents may be man who financed the revolt of the the whole, sympathetic to the Federal considered the most damning indict- Spain’s literary revival in the generals and intrigued with Hitler and Theatre. ment of capitalism so far presented by ‘Mussolini for the Spanish Rebels, b To the charge that the project is the Federal Theatre.” Moreover, as Fascists at Granada in August, 1936, gan his career as a dealer in swine frequently concerned with what is Mrs. Hallie Flanagan said,“ he soon after the Spanish civil war broke FUNARoFF theatre, when it's good, is always known as “propaganda,” the fa out. He was Spain’s most popular poet answer is made that the bulk of the dangerous.” at the same time one of her most and The Federal Theatre personnel are on the project. because In its next edition Miss Whitman highly skilled and versatile writers. Brea anv Circuses, by Willson ‘of their experiences in the social strug- should equip her book with an index. it would not be reasonable to Te is well worth the necessary work Whitman; 191 pages; Oxford Uni- gle, and involved versity Press; $1.75. expect these people, as honest workers in the theatre, immediately to forego —Lestir Reape mous folk-singers, influenced and in- HIS IS the first book published their interest in that struggle when spired his work. It was this popular on the Federal Theatre. As they had attained some measure of Modern Witchcraft source of his expression which invig- such, it would necessarily be a economic security. It may be said significant document in the history of also in passing that whenever the case Tue Fouk.ore or Caprratism, by the American theatre, but it also hap for Democracy is presented the B Thurman W. Arnold; 400 pages; Yale the Spanish masses. Illiterate peasants pens that Miss Whitman's slim volume People label it “propaganda,” whereas University Press. $3.00. the imprecise verbosity of the reac- is extremely interesting. One -might HIS VOLUME is an analysis wish that there were more factual de tionaries is described as ‘‘the facts.” of the wizardry and superstitious Many of the Federal T plays. tails about the origin of the project beliefs that grow up around our but there is an abundance of informa- particularly the Living Newspaper Mr. Arnold’s ap- series, have analyzed various aspects in economic system. tion about the th tre in action, proach is best stated by himself. balladry, and to retain the high calibre Here, for the first time the contemporary American struggle wherever men become absorbed in a Srdinated story of what the for freedom and progress, and have medieval search for the magic formula of uni- that admired and loved his poetry versal truth the crceds of government. grow In this collection A. L. Lloyd, the jn importance and the practical activities of translator, has gathered a half-dozen government are mismanaged. Holy wars are wight, orators and priests thrive, but tech= ca’s lyri abilities and profound nicians perish, Color and romance ab nglish and Spanish texts are in such an era ‘all times of conte, printed side by side, and the translator but practical distribution. of available con: hhas been content to render the exa meaning rather than offer equivalent ‘The two main fields of witcheraft ‘metrical versions in which the original are law and economics. Those prac- poetry might be marred. The book ticing these arts are presented as pro- includes Lorca’s great poem on the viding, for the most part, an aura of death of a bullfighter, the last poem he sanctity for acts which, to the unin- wrote before he was executed by a formed, might appear highly: dubious. Franco firing-squad. ‘The author's discussion of the reor- In his preface the translator de ganization of corporations is especially scribes how Lorca, on a theatrical tour enlightening. With the best legal de- through the Estremadura countryside, fense and the kindest intentions, very ‘once rose before dawn and walked out reputable bankers reward. themselves handsomely for not protecting the in- ‘nin which his actors were terests of the various claimants of the corporation. Mr. Amnold’s evidence is

Before long he found him: a ruined manor. Aro taken from the Securities and Exchange s lay @ number of broken statues: Commission's report on corporate reor- al figures which in the eighteenth cen- ganization nted the park of some feudal Most academic and intellectual: peo- winter sun was rising, and out Of the dissolving nist Lorca saw a lamb come From You Have Seen Their Faces by Erskine Caldwell and Margaret Bourke-W hite, ple have been unconscious of the real ‘Published by The Viking Press and in a popular edition by Modern Age Books way this folklore operates in our soci- towards him. The lamb began 18 January 1938, THE FIGHT

ety and their own unconscious part in 1a few passages will serve. In the first of the age-old misery of the Ru promoting it, And when they do go days when the untrained militia were people. To that task he was de beneath it and attempt to reform some- under heavy fire from the foreign in from his early youth, and that was thing, they fail to see how to use the vaders, the amateur soldiers moved to the task that killed him, as well as his creator, Nicholas Ostrovski. folklore and they are defeated by the take up a better position and they practical politician, were met by a couple of militia girls, —Auvan C. Bessie Ina time when folklore is at a pre~ still in their teens. the girls mium, technical discussion of economic implored us: ‘Don't go away, com- problems becomes almost. impossible rades. . . . We'll bring you what you Giving Hitler a Break

‘The economists meet at annual conven- need. . . We'll carry the wounded Brirain Faces Germany, by 4. ‘man to the road.’ ” Kennedy; 194 pages; Oxford Univer- tions and weightily discuss problems of,

say, monopoly, or competition, or some Soon after, the militia were short of sity Press; $1.50, water. There was a stream near by, other abstraction so broad as to have little significance. “They continue ideas but it was controlled by enemy fire. TF) OLICY has to be built some- which have lost their meaning except The only way to get the water was to Pe upon sand rather than Sins upon rock.” This astounding as a defense for a given line of action, extend a shirt into the stream, and utterance, put forward quite seriously For example, taxation by government suck the water from the garme asa basis for negotiation between is labelled bad, or at best a necessary Yet one group went three days with world powers, could come only from evil if not carried too far. ‘The m- out water. Why? a person saturated with the paralyzing 's by which private corpo- One of them replied i unfolding the fumes of the British Foreign Office. rations tax the citizen, hice he atl cared in his hand. There And in fact Mr. Kennedy, the author considered. good. nomic and marked points. .. It wat a map, and of a phrase which immortalizes the discussion is unrealistic in analysis and the enemy's positions . .. were indicated on From Labor Agitator: The Story of Albert has its significance only as an elabo- Parsons by Alan Calmer, with drawings by criminal impotence of so-called “lib- it, .. “Hadn't the rest of you shirts?) Wh Mitchell Siporim, issued by International ral” statesmanship, was until recently ration of the folklore. didn’t you. throw ‘one of them into. the Publishers one of the foreign affairs “experts” of In the main this is true, and until They told us that they had m it is more widely recognized, intellec- hree copies, so that in case of the death of the London Times, whose connections tual activity as it relates to. social the other there might he at least one little more than a railway junction, with Downing Street are those of Da- show his to the staf young Paul tasted the bitter fruit of mon with Pythias change will be futile. ‘The independ- And when the siege of Madrid from his earliest days. Britain Faces Germany attempts ent thinker never gets very far; such exploitation thinking or discussion as is accepted Kitchen scullion, railway yard worker, two things: first, to clarify the back- usually pertains to some movement that At the Toledo Bridge one day the follow master electrician, a somewhat humor ground of post-War Germany by an ing harangue was heard: “Forty men less lad with a genius for playing the formed analysis of the Treaty of Ver- is already organized. The chapter on required, Tt is ter that only) unmae Russian equivalent of our accordion, carno Treaty of 1925, “Some Principles of Political Dynam- ‘men should go, sth no chile For di Paul grew into one of the most zealous and the growth of “re ies” should be of great practical help forty. will think that a single one of thes shock-brigaders and Party members of visionist” sentiment finally expressed to those interested in economic and ‘come back. About a hundred came the early days of post-revolutionary in the triumph of Hitler; and second, political affair —Dowaty McConneut In his indignation against Fascism, struggle. Shepetovka was taken to formulate a policy of conciliation and again, by the Reds, the White with the Nazi Reich based upon British Sender is capable of real eloquence, as recognition of Germany's claim to colo. the roving bands of Petlura, the From a Loyalist Writer for instance in the passage on page gand. The tides of civil w nies, with a concrete offer of certain 256 beginning, “Dead children line foreign intervention swept over the African territories, including Gambia, Counrer-Arrack IN SPAIN, by the streets But the surprising Sierro Leone, Togoland and the Came- countryside, decimating the peasantry Ramon Sender; translated from the thing about this book is its s of roons. It is this which Mr, Kennedy Spanish by Sir Peter Chalmers pity for the misled tools of the F and their poor crops, grinding the popu- lation into still greater poverty and calls “a bold but simple approach by Mitchell; 288 pages; Houghton chiefs. There is an unshaken belief in Great Britain to Germany,” an ap- hopelessness. Mifflin Company; $3.00. the innate goodness of humanity. In But there was a new force at work, proach which may yet permit the rest INCE the writing of Ramon spite of the murder by the Fascists of and the people felt it. For one thing, of the world to sée that “the better Sender's Seven Red Sundays the the author's own wife, he writes with when the Reds took the town, they did side of Nazism still stands for manli- as little bitterness as_a man in his ness and a spirit of service, abstemious- Fascist rebellion against the not plunder the populace; they shared position can, In this he reminds one their meager rations. For another, the ness and a power of endurance, single- democratic Spanish republic has oc- curred, and during the course of the of Barbi people were aware, even if they were mindedness and an abstention from the terrible ordeal which has been forced This is the best book that has come somewhat skeptical, that these curious more enervating forms of pleasure.” on the people, political thought has in- from Spain. persons who cheerfully undertook the Tam really quoting from Mr. Ken- evitably become clearer. The issue —Lesuiz Reave most backbreaking tasks, were invari- nedy, not from one of Herr Goebbel’s propaganda speeches. Quite now does not concern a struggle for ably working in their behalf—whether some vague Utopia, but is the straight Fighting for Soviets to complete a spur-line railroad that from the thoroughly inadequate, in- forward one of Democracy tz Maxine oF a Hero, by Nicholas would bring in winter wood, to clean deed irresponsible treatment of the en- Fascism. Sender himself has now be Ostrovski; translated from the Russian up a railway shop that had tire question of colonies, the book is come typical of Spanish republican wrecked by war and revolution, or to utterly out of focus with # thought, and one of the results is the by Alec Brown; 440 pages; E. P. Dut- organize a youth group. Gradually the realities of the present. writing of Counter-Attack in Spain. ton & Go; $2.50. people offered to codperate with these nedy there is only one problem: Brit This is a book of reminiscences of ae IS SOMEHOW doubtful groups in repulsing the still existent ain versus Germany; no reference to

the first few months of the Fasc rete Ostrovski, who died re- bands of Whites, bandits, intervention- France, Italy, Japan, the Soviet Union, rebellion, and the greater part of it cently after a long illness that ists, and in reconstructing the old life the United States, Spain, Ethiopia, deals with the experiences of the author found him in continuous pain, wrote along new lines. China; not the slightest attention to popular movements—and a very con- and his fellow-fighters on the battle- the title of this book. For the narrative The author of this book succeeded in field itself. Although there is no su of Paul Korchagin’s youth and develop- portraying his hero as at once a type- siderable, hopelessly confused effort to

gestion of heroics, the work from ment during and after the most chaotic specimen of the Soviet worker and a find something both “natural” and i beginning to end is colored by the days of the Russian Revolution is al- real individual. Korchagin’s devotion “noble” in the Nazi philosophy which, almost unimaginable bravery of a most entirely autobiographical, and the to the ideals he came to believe in was nevertheless, he profoundly mistrusts people defending themselves against Paul Korchagin of the narrative never almost superhuman; he drove others as an expression of the “Hun” in the the forces of darkness for a moment thought of himself as a relentlessly, and he drove himself merei- German people, Mr. Kennedy has cer

Te would be tempting to make a re- hero. lessly, for he had a vision of what the tainly built his house of cards upon view of this book merely a series of Born into grinding poverty in the future might bring his country, in hap- sand. quotations, but perhaps a reference to small town of Shepetovka, whi piness, accomplishment, and alleviation —Haroup Warp THE FIGHT, January 1938 19

LONG the lines indicated on this to increase employment and purchas- A page a month ago, the Wall ing-power is a large housing program, Street financiers have been ex “O) A real program of housing would, of tracting every possible advantage to course, represent a genuine solution of themselves from every drop of suffer- the economic crisis in progressive ing—or fear of suffering—that has terms, as well as remedying one of the grown out of the present recurrence great sore-spots in this American so- of depression conditions. ciety of plenty and poverty. But the

E: Administration’s program as now pro- And in the front-line trenches at Washington, the campaign of the big- posed is sullied by concessions to Wall money boys has had_tentative—al- Street’s predelictions. These are the though still ineomplete—success against proposals that building-labor voluntar- the New Deal, which is vacillating in ily lower its wage scales and th the face of an alarming colla actual construction be under business activity. ‘The record of the rather than public auspices. It is con- Wall Street contingent thus far is this: ceded by all experts that low-cost hous- ‘a more or less definite commitment of ing to supplant the disgraceful slum the Administration and especially of Big Business attacks and the people conditions under which large numbers of our population now exist, can be its lukewarm adherents in Congress must counter-attack... The econom- for tax “reform’—ie., relaxation of carried out only under government the undistributed-profits tax upon the ic royalists defend Dictator Vargas auspices and with government subsid retention of bloated surplus industrial financed by taxation upon the wealthy. profits and of the capital-gains tax Such a program would exert a great upon the stock-market winnings of the stimulus on business conditions, could big capitalists; definite overtures from ting them quite casually. The Dow- reversing the present trends. On the be carried out without sacrifice of the the Administration to coax support Jones financial ticker, which enters all other hand, the Administration's tenta- wage standards of building workers from the utility holding companies and big brokerage houses and banks, and would avoid the dangers of specu- tive move to the right has been under- their Wall Street bankers centering lative collapse that are always present around the House of Morgan, at the cently commented frankly on “the taken with real reluctance—as Wall in any building boom engineered by strike of the wealthy” and their refusal Street itself concedes off the record cost of seriously compromising the to “make money” by new investments by the progressive wing of the New private capital | New Deal’s program of cheap power until tax concessions were forthcoming, Deal party, including the President id freedom from Wall Street domi himself. This progressive group in the A Friend in Need ation of utility services throughout | Administration would respond strong- the nation; a quite firm promise by the Stop the Retreat! ly to organized pressure for a renewal IERICAN capitalists are sym- President to continue toward budget SPITE the Administration's of the New Deal’s aims, The balance pathizing more and more openly balancing by sacrifice of adequate swing to the right—or more pre~ of power, of course, rests with those with reaction, no matter where it W.P.A, funds for the increasing num. cisely its slip to the right—there is right-wing Democrats who masquer- raises its head. ‘The brazen. install ber of unemployed; and exploratory every indication that concentrated aded as New Dealers long enough to tion of a Fascist framework of govern- | moves for a “peace” conference be pressure from the progressive forces of gain reélection and who ever since have ment in Brazil by Dictator Vargas is tween capital and labor, the main pur- the nation can check the New Deal’s been sabotaging the New Deal pro- not easily defended, but the intellectual pose of which would be some kind of retreat before it becomes a rout, and gram. It is on these renegades that gymnastics required have doughtily . commitment against strikes, and prob- very likely can cause a counter-attack Wall Street is centering its pressure as been attempted by reformed-liberal ably a weakening of the protective pro- Walter Lippmann of the New York visions of the Wagner Labor Act. which would set Wall Street back on well as its hopes for a right-about-face Herald Tribune | its heels. ‘The vacillation in Wash- of the political trends of the past five Even from the standpoint of Wall It has become quite apparent that ington clearly has grown out of the years. Consequently, it is on these the financial campaign to force such Street’s imperialist interests, which Administration’s dismay at the deter- same renegades that the progressive Lippmann usually defends so eloquent- concessions as these out of Washington foration in economic conditions, its forces of the nation must concentrate has in itself contributed greatly to the ar of entering the’ Congressional their own pressure so that the political ly, the possibilities of a Nazi infitra- severity of the decline in business tion into South America which are elections next fall in the midst of a promises of 1936 shall be kept and the tivity. ‘That a slump was in the offing business slump, and its timidity in re- integrity of Democracy maintained. raised by Vargas’ seizure of power snnot be questioned: the headlong rise gard to undertaking positive rather The only positive step which the should cause great concern among in commodity prices inflicted on the Wall Street’s negative means for Administration. has proposed thus far American capitalists. But Lippmann’s public by the Big Business inte automatic sympathy for reaction checks sts, the curtailment of public expenditures his opposition to Fascism in Brazil, by the Administration, and the accumu- just as the class prejudices of the Brit- Tation of inventories by manufacturers ish Tories blind them to the threat to in order to increase their profit from their interests presented by the Musso- the higher prices which they themselves lini-Franco combination in Spain, In- were fostering, all made a recession in- stead, Lippmann pretends lamely that evitable, But, in their anxiety to make Vargas is trying to forestall the estab- political capital out of these events, the lishment of a Nazi “Manchukuo” in big financial interests have labored to the Brazilian states in which the Ger- transform a minor economic slump man population is large. “When we into a situation carrying the earmarks see a movement to strengthen the cen

of the first stage of a major depression. tral government in Brazil, we should In order to bend Washington to the not hastily condemn it on ideological will of Wall Street, the tycoons have grounds,” says Walter plaintively. “It resorted to unnecessary lay-offs of their may well be that President Vargas has workers, refused to make new commit- had that (ie., the establishment of ments, and have chanted so loudly of Nazi spheres of interest) in mind as depression that a panic psychology has ‘one of the reasons for his effort to begun to sweep the country. make the national power indisputably hese tacties have become so ob- stronger than that of the local gov- vious that the mouthpieces of the Wall ernments, and it is to our own interest Street interests have taken to admit- Wall Street's Nati allies parade in New York to give him the benefit of the doubt.” 20 January 1938, THE FIGHT

The People Were There

«From farm and from foundry, from mine and mill and sea”—here are some of the delegates to the Pittsburgh Congress for Democracy and Peace

By Herman Rothart

Michigan worker — Jimmy Wilson, United ‘Auto Workers Alabama former "Farmers — George Union H. Campbell

JOCIAL theorists met with two- farmers pooled their dollars and gallon hat made him seem a seven ue, Ole Edward Johnson of the fisted union delegates, political es and Mike took the first train footer; actualy dam is only six feet Farmers Union, and Herbert J. Rob- progressives sat side by side with Interviewed just before the ses- two inches tall. Voigt had little to erts, president of the Economics conservatives. By airplane and parlor sions, Mike declared: “I'd like to tell or the bad men of the Study Club. The boys couldn't agree car, by automobile and rickety bus, all these people what the farmers have In the V stern drawl that con political premises and their differ by way of hitch-hike and even on foot, been through. T'd like to tell them movie-goers in the East associate with ences were as broad as the counties of they went to Pittsburgh, not merely how Fascism might happen right in “Drop your gun, pardner,” Voigt de- their state. But on one point they for a message to carry back to their ‘our own country T've never spoken clared: “The unemployed must be or- agreed, that Americans must work to- hhomes, but to legislate a program for to this many people, but damn it, I Ti not they will be a reser- gether, and that the League provides the people's part in the movement for won't get stage fright, I have some voir of power for any banker who a real way in which the big things

Democracy and peace. Doctors and thing to say.” Mi did get a chance wants to float scism here. can be done: lawyers attended the People’s Congr to speak all right, The farmers called unemployed worker has a stake in our —with them came farmers and indus- on him to deliver their report to the form of Democracy We know only Non-Partisan League trial workers. Dancers and ministers, Congress too welll what happened to the unem- Roberts insisted that “Production shopkeepers and delivery boy: Adam Voigt of Bismarck, North ployed in Germany and Italy.” for use is the only way out.” He

cians and boiler-makers, all came to Dakota, chairman of the Bismarck — Voigt came by automobile maintained that the “middle class—the ittsburgh prepared to shape a living ‘Trades and Labor Assembly and vice- Lawrence Christian Miller, farm edi intelligent group—will provide the program, and they returned to thi chairman of the Workers Alliance, tor representing the State Executive only valid leadership in. accomplishing hhomes ready to carry it through, Here came a long distance, too. His ten- Committee of the Non-Partisan a change.” But Miller has edited in a few personalities is the story of farm papers for more than 20 years. America’s Biggest Town-meeting. Of Before that he trouped with circuses 1,400 delegates who represented more as a trumpet-player, and met tho than 4,000,000 people at the Congress, sands of people in the course of h this tells the story of a limited few. work. He showed that all classes, all interests must come together if any- A Constable from Dakota thing is to be done. As proof of his Saturday night, just five days be- contention he pointed to the success of fore the Congress, two farmer friends the Non-Partisin League. After visited Mike Kostenko’s home at Manx, demonstrating that group’s achiev North Dakota and gave him a copy ments in local problems such as w of Tue Ficut. Mike is Constable ning a state-owned bank, flour mill of the county and a Justice of the and terminal elevator, such as electing Peace. As he explained it to us, he can Langer as Governor and carrying the lock a man up any day of the week state for Roosevelt, Miller expressed then marry him off to one of the local great hope for the American League belles. Mike liked Te Fron, but on a broader scale. And after the more than that, he was excited about Congress was. adjourned, he smilingly a Congress for which he had only two said, ““We've got something started days to prepare. In less than three hours after he called them, Mike was Ole Edward Johnson, (you pro- speaking with the executive committee nounce that Olee, it’s a good old of the Farmers Union, of which he is Swedish, ame), spoke for the North a member. They empowered Kostenko Dakota Farmers Union, on record in to represent the body at Pittsburgh, support of the League. He is a state

but money is scarce in McClain cobperative specialist, and served County, and money had to be raised under Rexford Guy Tugwell in the for his trip. Local busines-men and A group of typical delegates at the Congress Note father and son (Continued on page 29) THE FIGHT, January 1938 21

A new spirit is moving below the Mason-Dixon line. “ HEY ELECTED him an’ now they | wanna knife him!” The red-faced young man harangued the bus concerning the false Industrialism brought many evils, but unionism came logic of Roosevelt’s betrayal, and when somebody interrupted to ask what it was all about he blazed right behind it—with education for the exploited again. “The suckers in the South that 're bein’ doped from Wall Street. Look at that!” His fist working people. A native Southerner, fresh from a into the newspaper he had been reading acked the same moment a head appeared above the wi visit to her homeland, tells of schools for workers at dow-sill announcing the Asheville Citizen. “If that’s all you got, buddy, you can keep it—" And still hot under the collar, the young man pushed the wadded-up sheet through the window. “Here—you can have this, too!” Te was 15 years since I last stayed in the North

Caroliria Blue Ridge, and I did not remember ever hearing politics discussed in the Land of the Sky so early in the morning. A local boy, too, judging from his accent. And if he didn’t learn to pipe Hope for the South down he'd be spotted as an “agitator,” no doubt, like, the rest of those who sided with the laboring man against Wall Street. ‘There were mills not far

Change in Carolina ‘The bus had pulled up on the main street of a By Lillian Gilkes little mountain town to take on a load of Negroes and whites of both sexes on their way to work, and I was mildly surprised when no attempt was made to enforce the Jim Crow regulation. But of course since there were no more seats and the conductor obligingly proposed to “pack ‘em all up inside there"—which included outside on the step with the doors open, and the roof as well—the bigger the load, the more fares for the company! Along the roads I had seen neat bungalows in many instances replacing the run-down cabins that 15 years ago were still typical. Even more striking were the changes in the dress and appearance of the people. ‘The male youth at a square dance came

washed and clean-shaven, attired in store clothes and starched collars instead of jeans and stinky under- shirts. A decade and a half ago, such descendants of America’s proud yeomanry, traipsing miles for an abbreviated term of “books”—when they could be spared from poverty-stricken rented farms to get

any schooling—had remained, sometime from au-

tumn to spring sewed up in their stinking rags like the immigrant waifs of city ghettos—or like the mujiks of Czarist Russia, A young friend of mine who taught in a school way over on the Tennessee border, had shown me a scrawled message from a parent of one of her lower-grade boys: “Dear

teacher, please excuse Charley. He slipped in the branch. Got wet in the am. and dried out in the pam. As the bus bumped on, my memory prowled among the impressions of a horseback trip Tonce took through these “uncivilized” mountains, with the same young teacher—herself-mountai born. We had slept at a farmhouse along the route, somewhere on the trail made famous by Daniel Boone and the D.A.R. who, even then, scattered markers thicker than the dragon’s teeth. Blowing Rock, which today houses a celebrated literary col- ony, was a resort of swank then. But six miles away the little girl of the farmhouse had christened us “the boys’ —convinced in spite of our voices that we must be a kind of man more unbelievable than cannibals with rings in their noses. She had never seen “ladies with britches and short hair”! Coming of Industrialism Industrialism, with the increased modern facili- ties of circulation and communication, has brought about changes which, superficially, would seem evi-

January 1938, THE FIGHT

my dear, you are only learning. Wait until you learn—you'll make more!” So she drudged on a while longer, learning, and always coming up against, the same old stall. Whenever she was in danger of making more, the stretch-out would take care of that! But the young woman of this history not only

joined the newly formed Textile Workers Org izing Committee local, she learned a good deal be- sides that wasn't in the curriculum of Hattiesburg or West Point! She says: “I think it’s the union's duty, as well as my own as a citizen of Hattiesburg, to educate these workers and help them to under- stand the meaning of a union. The time is here when we must let the manufacturers who have fled South know that they cannot continue as they have in the past.” And they are doing just that. A School for Workers the Southern Summer School for women in- dustrial workers, holding its 11th annual. six-weeks term at Avery’s Creek, in the Asheville vicinity, the students talked union from the early rising-bell till the owls hooted midnight in the trees, above the katydids. The director explained why the attend-

not so large as in previous yea

individuals who had received scholarships could not

be spared from organization work in their localities, since the tremendous new impetus from the campaign of the C.LO. Still, they came from practically every state in the Southern territory, except Mis- souri—a living hive, vocal with the aroused energies and purpose of the struggle for organization back home. “Gra s “Take your time, take

your time!’ Alarm clock says, ‘Get together, get together!’” This is a sample of a home-made re- cruiting slogan in use in Arkansas ‘The share- cropper author of it had only two week’s schooling

in her whole 44 years, and she was learning to read and write at the Summer School. Bert went into the fields when she was five, like every sharecrop- per’s child having to work alongside of the family to get enough food to éat—meal and sowbelly which gives them pellagra, because sharecroppers before the union were not allowed to plant vegetables. Bert

dene of a remarkable improvement in gerieral living with 150 girls who were being perfected in the fine lived for five years on bread and gravy, and got pel- conditions. And certainly no one—except perhaps points of making men’s shorts—a simple garment, by agra. But though her body is a ruin, her spirit is the leaders of the Southern agrarian movement, who the way, requiring a minimum of skill. At the end unbeatable. One of the most capable organizers desire to be gentlemen of a cultured leisure class of the six-weeks period half a dozen girls were in her district, and recently elected president of a supported from tenantry—would long for a return picked for jobs, and the school entered on its second Southern Tenant Farmers Union local, she reports to the hillside cabins with their appalling squalor, term of public service. And so on, indefinitely, organization now almost 100 per cent solid in that

starvation and hookworm! Notwithstanding the until the factory established in conjunction with the state where, scarcely a year ago, the outrageous } newer variety of evils developing out of runaway training center reached completion. Upon that hap- Sheriff Peacher of newspaper fame was holding 4 shops, company unions, yellow-dog contracts, lay- py culmination, the factory commenced operating tenants in peonage on his feudal plantation. Mira- offs, spies and the whole apparatus of terrorism with 50 girls who up until about six months ago, cles in the Deep South! “Ole trell”—Bert puts

which grips worker in unorganized districts all over had been working two years for the magnificent the accent on the first syllable—was thrown out in fi the South. Despite the fact also that measured in wage of $4.50 to $5 per week. Six months the last gubernatorial election, and the sharecrop- i terms of food to eat, physical health, and continu- they had a sit-down strike. ‘The Chamber of C pers have a governor who suits them down to the

ance under the name of security of such material merce promised them an increase of $2.50 if they ground, He sends soldiers to protect the union | blessings as are necessary to sustain life, the standard wouldn't join a union. meetings; and if he can't cope with the planters sin- of living in reality has improved scarcely at all in 15 gle-handed, he calls up President Roosevelt at the | years Wifes One Git Lestned, White House. iff, Peacher himself, ehe If you are a woman worker you can go to a “vo: One young woman started work in a garment- stooge, is reduced to begging on the roadside- cational training school” in Mississippi for six weeks, plant as a presser in the finishing department, oper- sure broke now an’ a right pitiful figure,” Bert work 10 hours a day six days a week, and at the ating a heavy pressing-machine on a schedule of — says—and he pleads with the sharecroppers to let end of that time if your performance hits a certain eight to 12 hours a day, and at the end of three him join the union! standard you might—perhaps—get a job that will weeks drew her first pay check of $2.53. When pay you $4.50 a week. One such institution at the period of apprenticeship supposedly was over and West Point—sponsored by the Chamber of Com- she had become a full-fledged employee, she re- What the planters think of the union's strength merce as a novel affiliate to the public-school system ceived pay regularly for only five standard hours may be surmised from what happened three weeks Mississippi's Bilbo brought under his immediate though working the full time. She decided to quit ago, when the local political machine bolted to the and notorious sway by means of illegal usurpation, and informed the boss, who responded with the fa- Republicans to stop Governor Carl E. Bailey from

back in the days when he was governor—opened up __miliar line of blandishments and prevarication: “Oh, (Continued on page 26) THE FIGHT, January 1938 2

completely repaired. It is a tragic thing A Chance for Youth to a young person to feel that there is (Continued from page 15) no place in the world for him, yet very many who have been years with- AS 10 and often lengthy periods of unem- ‘out employment must have been forced ployment during their work history. to that conclusion, Even such young Studies have shown that the proportion people as may have been fairly continu- of them who have at some time been unemployed, is not much less than the ously employed since leaving school, proportion of alll youth on the labor cannot have escaped some degree of market who have at some time been insecurity. We know that marriage WOMEN out of work—and this percentage is a has been delayed for many youth, surprisingly high one. and that in their eyes economic diffcul- Not only are recurrent periods of in- ties have been the principal cause. We dividual unemployment now character know that youth who have married can What your ten dollars can do to relieve aintain their families only on a scale cour economic order, but the situ- istic of living below the commonly accepted the suffering of the Chinese people ation, bad as it is, is known to be aggravated by the personnel policies of American standard. ‘The full effects some employers. ‘There is definite evi- of the depression years upon young peo- dence that—at least in certain sections ple may never be known, but we can ONE f the most affecting moments in hemorrhage and can save the lives of of the country and in some industries— be certain that they have been momen- session at the Pittsbur gh those who might otherwise bleed to tous. the women’s employers consistently hire youth at an Congress for Democracy and Peace death. It is also used as an emergency early age because of the low price for for stimulant to increase blood pressure in Some Special Problems came when a plea was presented of severe nervous and physical which their services can be had, and civilian vic: cases the needs of the suffering discharge them when their length of ° identify fully the causes of eco- tims in China. The associated Mission collapse. service and their proficiency would en- nomic insecurity among youth would be Boards had prepared a list of what “Or your ten dollars will buy: title them to an increas to anatomize our present economic or- drugs could give the most aid at the Ampoules Digitalin 44 amps. +r and bare the ills which it is heir to. moment and how much money would The Wages of Youth js cannot be attempted in a brief buy them. The list is too long to “Digitalis is one of the most widely used and most highly important drugs ‘This brings us to the matter of article, Aside, however, from such here, but excerpts can be given. wages: The low rates of pay which general contributing circumstances as ‘entire list can be had by writing to the that the physician has. It gives strength the greater part of the employed popu- the displacing of labor by machinery American League's national office. to the failing heart. Whatever else lation receives have been a subject of and our inability to distribute equita- The Associated Boards say: may be happening to the wounded man, much comment lately. The public will bly the goods which we can produce, “Tn China today, as many people his heart must be kept at work. therefore, hardly be surprised, though there are factors in the situation which perish from uncared-for wounds and it may well be concerned, to learn that apply with especial force to youth. One inadequately treated injuries as actually “OR, OF each of the following, your the average weekly wage of employed is that most young people are poorly are murdered outright on the battle- ten dollars will provide

youth has been established by many equipped for employment. There is fields. Many of these lives can be Antidysenterie. Serum 8 vials studies to lie between $12 and $15 a to0 little effective relationship between saved if adequate medical supplies are ‘Antimeningoccic Serume 3 vials week. It is not likely that these sums the program of vocational education made available to the physicians labor- Antipneomococcie Serum 3 vials will be considered generous under any ing in China. These men are doing Antiperitontis Serum 6 vials and job requirements, What is required ‘Antistreptococcic Serum 5 vials circumstances; and when it is under- is a new approach to training young their best under adverse circumstances, Smallpox Vaccine 212110 tubes stood that they are medians and conse- people for employment. It is probable but they need help. Diphtheria Antitoxin 10,000 wnits.- 5 vials quently imply that half of employed that we must quite abandon the effort “Ten dollars from you can alleviate Tetanus Antitoxin 1500 Units...... 15 vials youth receive less, itis evident that in to teach them particular skills in the horrible suffering and in many cases many, if not most, instances they must public schools—a task for which these can even swing the balance between “Of all the diseases known to medi- be grossly inadequate. This is espe- institutions are poorly fitted. We need, life and death. cal science, probably no others are cially true of the large proportion of however, to discover precisely what are “For example your ten dollars will more vicious or more dangerous, than young people who have family respon- the personal qualifications which enable buy: Peritonitis, Meningitis, Dysentery, Pneumonia, Diphtheria, Tetanus (usu- sibilities. Such youths are known to a youth to obtain and hold employ- Bismuth-Formic-lodide Comp. Powder..4 Ibs. ally called lock-jaw), Gangrene and receive wages which exceed the average ment, and to inculcate them. This will “The purpose of this powder is to Smallpox. by only a ‘relatively small amount. require keeping all youth in school up combat infections, particularly follow- “Or your ten dollars will supply of Youth are definitely of the opinion that to the point at which such information

wages are too low and that they them- can effectively be imparted—probably ing surgical procedures. It keeps a each of the following selves are underpaid, as the results of to the end of high school. At present wound dry and provides some degree Catgut Plain No. 1 48 tubes attitude studies show. They are also only 65 per cent of youth of high-school of comfort to the victim. Catgut Chromic No. 84 tubes Catgut Chromic No. 2 84 tubes keenly aware that to a large extent they age are in high school, and only about are in dead-end employment. We have 40 per cent are graduating. ‘That so “OR, OF each of the following “Human flesh has been shot, ripped been following the laissez. high a proportion of young people drop your ten dollars will provide or cut open, It must be stitched to that the lowest price for w cout of school before completing what iquid Parafin 5 gals gether again. ‘These stitches are made can be induced to work is a fair price has come to be accepted as the stand- Tannic Acid Powder 8 lbs. with so-called ‘Catgut’—actually taken for the job, and the result is that in no ard period of education for American Hexyltan Jelly 12 tubes from the body of sheep. ‘The doctors way can the wages received by the youth, is itself evidence of a vicious “For the horrible burns which neces must have it. majority of employed youth be consid- circle of economic insecurity. The chief sarily accompany warfare, these preps “Or your ten dolla s will supply of ‘ered adequate to maintain them in a po- reasons given by young people for with- sition approaching economic security drawing are economic. They drop out rations are of untold value. They are each of the following: spread on the burned areas of the body. Ethyl Chloride 17 tubes What has been the result of the in- because their families lack means to In effect, they form an artificial layer Ethe 130 tubes everywhere evident among enable them to continue, and they will of skin which protects the seared flesh 7 young people?, In large part it can themselves live a life of insecurity made and gives nature a chance to do her only be imagined. It is difficult to inevitable by the insecurity of their quench the spirit of hope among youth work. parents. “Or your ten dollars will supply: but the influence of environment can- More extensive and better-directed in many cases it has been ne not be escaped ; and there is little doubt education, then, is one means of attack- Epinephrine Solution 26 ons. jcal_operations without that continued unemployment has ing the problem of the economic insecu- his is a preparation made from anesthesia. No more need be said.” caused damage to character, personality, rity of youth. Another is to extend the adrenal glands. It is used to halt —Dororay McConneut. and perhaps health, which can never be (Continued on page 30)

24 January 1938, THE FIGHT

Monument

By T. H. Wintringham IL USTRATED BY DAVID BURKE

WHEN from the deep sky From Extramadura, earth from the bull-ring And digging in the harsh earth, ‘Where they shot the prisoners in Badajoz, ‘When by words hard as bullets, And lovely Zafra shall give one of its silver crosses; Thoughts simple as death, Galicia, sea-sand and ship-rivets. From Austurias You have won victory, Spoil from the pits that taught our dynamiters People of Spain— To face and destroy the rearing tanks, and a pick-haft You will remember the freemen who fought beside you, enduring and dying with ‘That has cut coal and trenches, and is still fit for work. you, the strangers Whose breath was your breath. From the Basque country, from Bilbao and Guernica, City of agony, villages of fire, You will pile into the deep sky Take charred earth, so burnt and.tortured no one A tower of dried earth, Knows if small children’s bones are mingled in it; Rough as the walls where bullets Take iron from the mines those strangers envied;

Splashed men to death And wash your hands, remembering a world that did so. Before you won victory: Navarre shall give us a ploughshare and a rock; Before you freed Spain Aragon, soil from the trench by the walnut tree From the eating gangrene of wealth, the grey pus of pride the black scab Where Thaelmann’s first group fought towards Huesca, of strangers And steel from a wrecked car Iying by a roadside Who were choking your breath. Lukacsz, rode in that car.

Bring together, under the deep sky, Catalonia, Spain and not Spain, and our gateway Metal and earth: (For myself the gateway to Spain and courage and love) Metal from which you made bullets Shall bring a crankshaft from the Hispano factory And weapons against death, nd earth from Durrutti’s grave. And earth in which, for victory, Valencia, black soft silt of the rice s, mingled ‘Across all Spain With earth of an orange grove; Your blood and ours was mingled, Huesca to Malaga; earth to which your son: ‘Telephone wire, and a erane’s chain; and strangers’ Murcia, a surgeon’s scalpel and red earth;

Gave up the same breath. Andalusia, the vast south, shall pay Barrel of very old rifle found in the hills B skeleton, earth hat the olives grew from, Bring to the tower, to its building, And Albacete, where we built our brigades, From New Castille, Knife-steel and road-dust. From Madrid, the indomitable breastwork, Earth of a lower-bed in the Casa del Campo, And shell-plinters from the University City, Shell-casing from the Telephonica. Take then these metals, and under the deep sky Bring from old Castille, from Santander, Segovia, Melt them together; take these pieces of earth Sandbags of earth dug out of our parapets ind mix them; add your bullets ‘And a false coin stamped in Burgos by a traitor ‘And memories of death, Carry from Leon, from the province of Salamanca, You have won victory, Where the bulls are brave and the retired generals cowards, People of S From near the capital of treason and retreat, bring now And the tower into which your earth is built, and your blood and ours Clean earth, new and untouched, from the cold hills, shall state Spain’s unity, happiness, strength ; it shall face the breath And iron from the gate, that shall now be always open, Of the east, of the dawn, of the future, when there shall be no more OF Spain's oldest school, where there shall be young wisdom. strangers THE FIGHT, January 1938 23

of this m sure it was pointed out that Hope for the South

while the E European dict tors were obs (Continued from page 23) taining valuable publicity for totali- tarianism, British prestige was being going to the Senate. Governor Bailey deliberately undermined. had received the nomination on the The early traders in Africa bought regular Democratic ticket, and this de- feat by his own party is unprecedented loyalty with beads and cheap toys. The in the annals of state politics. Ete Fascists are attempting to tighten their Organization of the tenant farmers es “cultural” bonds with South America is pretty nearly complete also in Louisi- ‘means of implements of destruction. ana, Tennessee and Alabama, according his approach is shown by the recent to Bert. But the Mississippi Delta— l visit of members of the Italian air force “the awfulest hell you ever heard to Chile, where, in addition to impress- about!”—is still to be brought under. ing the country with a display of Fas- And the whole of Florida, and parts of cist military power, they presented two aeroplanes to the Chilean government. Georgia, similarly are virgin territory

This gesture, which appears to be an “T's jgnurence that’s a-killin’ us!” Italian invention, followed the receipt says Bert. ‘I couldn't talk to highly educated people like boss men, and they of orders for 29 military planes, and it talked so big to us they could pull may be productive of further orders in things over us like that. We said ‘yes’ the future. Tealian arms are al and ‘no’ when we never knew what by the Brazilian government, whi they meant. ‘Thousands of sharecrop- October ordered three submarines iden pers can't read or write, and are grow- ae tical with the three that have just been completed in the Spezia shipyards. ing their children up in the same way Germany has been no less active in the they came up.” race to rearm South America, In Sep- The Negro Question tember, the last installment of 20 planes “Tgnurence is a-killin’ them the same School ‘ordered by the Argentine government as us!” Bert declares, every time you was delivered, and orders have been raise the race question in her hearing. obtained for 36 planes from the “Aint we all got the same bosses? Back to work! Chilean government. Krupp of Essen Why, we associate with ’em out there has established plant facilities in Bra- inthe fields, a-workin’ alongside of ’em they're with us all right. But them toward Latin Europe, where Fascism zil and Chile, including, in the latter and drinkin’ out of the same bucke high ones gettin’ big salaries, they're as momentarily eclipsed Democracy. instance, « shipbuilding project Why can't we associate with ’em just where they always was. ‘That's This orientation would achieve a new Arteries of Poison the union an’ be done with it?” Three with the bosses!” and more dangerous impetus from a Fascist victory in Spain, which still is Fascist ties with South America have years ago Bert would ‘alike to died” Workers’ education, now struggling at the thought of sitting down in the along on miserably insufficient re- the mother country to millions in South been further strengthened by the ex- same room with a man. or woman sources, cannot stop until there is a and Central America. In this connec- tension of transportation and communi tion, it should be observed that the of- cation facilities. These countries have whose skin was black, but she has school attached to every local union. changed her mind, She told me about Then truly will the magnificent new ficial sympathies of the overwhelming long been served by fast freight and a little cafeteria worker from St. Pe- energy that is alive in the South now, majority of Latin American countries passenger ships operated by subsidized tersburg, Florida, a student at the bursting prejudices asunder and trans- already lie with Franco, and it is also German, Italian and Japanese lines. ‘To these now must be added a network School, who was full of the old preju- forming reactionary dogmatism: into well to remember that the sanctionist dice the same as she used to be. “I human solidarity, reach the proportions movement against Italy during the of air lines, the most recent example commenced talkin’ to her and she of @ great mass movement. And that Ethiopian rape made little progress in being the Lufthansa (German) service jumped up an’ flew out of the room, is the hope of the South. this area. between a and Europe, mad, startin’ to cry. Well, I never let Fascism in Latin America has been which was i upon her! I give it to her every day, aided by the existence of large and only 15th last. ‘The Condor Lufthansa has an’ she kep’ right on a-whoopin’ and Behind Fascist Brazil partially assimilated groups of Italians had for some time a weekly service be- acbawlin'! Then I see she was a-gittin’ and Germans. Numerically, the Ital- tween Brazil, Argentina and Europe, onto it, an’ the day she left here she (Continued from page 9) ians represent the largest minority na- while the German Zeppelin service has come to me volunteer an’ says, ‘Bert, I exports taken by Italy were 2 per cent tionality and in Argentina account for been in operation during the major and 2.1 per cent, respectively. Re- approximately one fourth of the entire part of the year between Brazil and reckon you're right an’ I was wrong. 1 just never seen it that way!” cently, however, there has been a sharp population, ‘The Germans in the ag- Europe. Italy, moreover, is reported reversal of the downward trend, owing gregate represent a much smaller group, to have undertaken experimental work good many others, also, have inged their minds. The little cafe- in large part to trade agreements re- but in a political and economic sense preparatory to the establishment of a South American air line. teria worker has taken a job recently cently concluded with various South they are important out of all proportion Examples of Fascist interest in Latin in a fruit packing-house near Tampa, American countries. ‘Thus, during the to their numbers in Brazil and and she hopes to be active in making first seven months of 1937, Italian With these important nuclei, itis hard- America, similar to those enumerated, her fellow workers in the citrus indus- imports from Argentina were seven ly surprising that Fascist propaganda could be multiplied almost indefinitely Specific instances, however, lose much try conscious of the union’s importance times the value in the corresponding has been most effective in the “A-B-C for all. And there will be Negroes period a year earlier and were almost countries.” of their significance when it becomes in that union! 28 per cent in excess of total imports Ie is impossible to measure with any clear that a definite program of Fascist economic, cultural and political pene- To remember the Scopes trial, and from all Latin America during the full degree of accuracy the scope and suc- Bishop Cannon, is to realize the awful year 1936, cess of the Fascist propaganda machine tration of Latin America is in prog- power of reactionary religion in the ‘The foregoing brief survey of the in these countries. The coloring of ress. Until the ultimate implications principal movements in Fascist com- news by Italian and German subsidized of this penetration are realized both in South in years past. “What do the Latin America and in the United preachers think of your union 2” I asked merce with Latin America represents agencies, however, has become so ser States, and steps are taken to combat Bert. She explained that on the Sab- ‘only the most obvious aspect of this ous that the Associated British Cham- bath the mornings were for church, af- new penetration of the New World. bers of Commerce recently adopted a this new threat to the peace of the ternoons for union. “We open the There is a secondary politico-cultural resolution calling on their govern- world, the tireless Fascist worms will meetin’ with prayer, an’ they come infiltration of Fascism, part of which ment to subsidize a news service to continue to burrow deeper and deeper totin’ their Bibles and lead us. I mean. finds its roots in the traditional cul- counteract the effect of Fascist propa- into the vitals of the Western Hemi the poor ones, aint never had nuthi tural orientation of Latin America ganda in South America. In support sphere

26 January 1938, THE FIGHT

Gunone me LeAGue A United Movement in Common Resistance to War and Fascism | By Paul Reid 5 | WITH a new program, 2 new name congress. Indeed, this was the most performed with credit a difficult ta ately appointed to handle this situation. and a new constitution, the American representative assembly of delegates of requiring almost superhuman determin- s a result, white delegates withdrew League came through the People’s the American people that has been ation’ and patience. The leaders of from the William Penn Hotel, four the Pittsburgh League—Mrs. David Negro delegates instituted suit against Congress with a greater constituency, gathered in many a year. From Seattle line con- greater opportunities and greater ob- and Birmingham, from Boston and Los Turets, Dr. R. H. Valinsky and Dr. the management and a picket ligations to the millions of American Angeles, from Houston, Texas and Isaac Sissman—labored very hard and sisting of hundreds of delegates, Negro people whom it represents. The rec- Ironwood, Michigan they came by auto effectively to make the Congress the and white, marched around the hotel. cord and impetus of four years of con- and train, by bus and plane, some hitch- success it was. Their many fellow A preliminary hearing on these cases stant and earnest work behind it, the hiking and some in pullmans. They members were constantly busy on ‘occurred on December 11th when the League now enters upon a new stage came with serious intent; this was not a many important and vital assignments, four prosecutors—Angelo Herndon, It is due to the combined work of these Amold P. Johnson, Moran Weston of development and activities. Chatauqua meeting or a county picni The breadth of the organizations They returned to their homes in th people and others from the field and and Vernal J. Williams—appeared represented by the 1,416 delegates at towns and countryside, in the big cities from the national office that the Con- with distinguished counsel to fight this the People’s Congress demonstrates the and industrial areas, with determina- gress was carried through with so few issue of discrimination. The case will larger constituency we have for the tion to carry out an active program for hitches. be fought through with determination, papers in a number of cities have fight against war and Fascism, These peace and Democracy and enlist their Negro delegates represented 1,050 national, fellow citizens in the fight against re- ALMOST every issue of Democracy taken up this issue and are looking to district and local organizations with a action, Fascism and war. They were ‘and peace found expression in the Con- a real fight for Negro rights in Penn- combined membership of 4,025,920 inspired by the words of national gress and the major ones received con- sylvania. It is reported that a spring people. The largest bloc of delegates leaders who addressed them and deeply stant attention. Aid to. China—t convention that is to be held in Pit —413—came from labor unions with a conscious of their continuing respon- means of boycotting goods “made in burgh has been assured of no diserim- total membership of 1,622,231. Lan- sibilities as delegates to the People’s Japan,” stopping war supplies to the ination as to housing or eating in at guage, fraternal and racial groups sent Congress for Democracy and Peace. Japanese. militarists, and raising relief Teast one of the major Pittsburgh 347. delegates representing a_ total funds for the victims of this aggressive hotels. ‘The demonstration staged by membership of over 420,000. Nearly IN THE rush and excitement of such war—was emphasized by a number of the People’s Congress, and the con- 100 delegates came from social, edu- a huge national gathering the hard- speakers, by pointed resolutions and tinuing fight of the American League cational and cultural organizations. working folks who did the thousand received a prominent place in the new for the rights of Negroes in Pittsburgh, and one jobs necessary for holding such program of the League. To date over are bound to have a decided effect for Delegates from religious and from farm groups represented 226,000 and fan assembly were unnoticed in many 100,000 buttons reading, “Don’t Buy Democracy 163,000. members respectively. Four cases. From this perspective we can Japanese Goods; ‘Quarantine’ the Ag- international unions, seven A. F. of L. now pay our regards to these people. gressor,” have been circulated by the MOST of the delegates will remember central bodies and 15 C.LO. councils James Lerner, who had charge of the League, and this campaign has taken the mass meeting on Friday night, lected delegates to this momentous preparations and plans in Pittsburgh, fon new impetus since the Congress. November 26th, as the most colorful Support for Spanish Democracy was and dramatic session of the whole Con- gress, In spite of rain and ugly also central in the Congress proceed ings. With Spanish Ambassador Fer- weather, delegates began streaming into nando de los Rios, Congressmen Jerry Duquesne Garden early in the evening. J. O'Connell and John ‘T. Bernard From Beaver Valley, Pennsylvania, Speaking on this issue, the delegates came a caravan of 32 cars carrying were fired with even stronger deter- miners, mill workers and their famili mination to stop war supplies to Ger- ‘Two special buses brought several chil- many, Italy and Franco, and to remove dren's bands in uniforms, and_ the the embargo against the recognized rafters of the Garden rang with their government of Spain. Labor's demo- militant as these youngsters cratic rights were considered from paraded up and down the aisles. Dr. B. J. Hovde's address of greeting on many angles. Campaigns against vigi- lante activities and attempts to incor- behalf of Mayor Cornelius Scully was

porate unions, and the organization of 4 welcome expression of the growing people’s committees to defend labor's progressive temper of Pittsburgh. This rights in communities were special items ‘mass meeting of 7,000 people was the of concern, The plight of democratic largest liberal gathering. assembled in peoples in other lands was brought be- Pittsburgh since 1918! A new spirit fore the Congress by a number of dele- for the support of Democracy was gates and appropriate steps taken for manifest. activities on these problems. JUST as the Third Congress of the A CONCRETE issue of discrimina- League at Cleveland in 1936 was at- tion bobbed up during the Congress tacked by American Legionnaires who when Negro delegates were barred attempted to dissuade the mayor from

Enroute to Spain, the Hollywood ambulance stopped off at Pittsburgh. (Left to from Pittsburgh hotels. On action of welcoming the delegates—and as it was Fight) George Pershing, Vitor Kilian and Martin North the delegates a committee was immedi- attended by the head of an Amer- THE FIGHT, January 1938 27

ican Legion committee who unmeces- and leadership. Among the important sarily gave an assumed name to get on organizational actions of the Congress the inside—so the Pittsburgh Congress was the approval of a 1938 drive for also met opposition from reactionaries. mass membership. January will see the The use of the Syria Mosque for the beginning of this campaign by means sessions of the People’s Congress was cof securing blocs of members from af- denied after a certain veteran appeared filiated and friendly organizations. before the controlling board and made Along in April, special drives will be threadbare “red” charges about the undertaken in certain sections of the League. But veterans were present country where mass organization. for and Democracy must be built to at the Congress, some from trade peace unions, others from professional groups further and protect the interests of the and fraternal orders. A new kind of people, During the summer, extensive veteran also appeared asa delegate. work of recruiting members will be James Lerner of the Abraham Lincoln Bat- carried on in the countryside and in the Members lion, who had fought for Democracy small towns among the unorganized producing good follow- TREMENDOUS fervor has been erating and there to take part in the and unattached people. indi- were prominent in Spain, unleashed by the People’s Congress for up results, Already proceedings and give their support to viduals such as Rabbi Samuel M. Democracy and Peace. Delegates have this movement for Democracy THE new name of the League— American League for Peace and returned to the four corners of the Cohen, executive director of the Democracy—is indicative of the posi- United States, carrying with them the United Synagogues of America; A. L. seeds that will germinate, in the near Comither, executive secretary of the tive temper of its fight and more ex- future, strong organizations of the ‘arlton Y.M.C.A.; Phillip Schiff, pressive of its objectives. Assuredly Headworker of Madison House, and American League for Peace and Dem: bef? the new name and organizational set- ocracy. In these crucial days that lie many others, have consented to become up would have been impossible with- ahead of us, youth, as always, will play part of a sponsoring committee for the out the experiences and advances of efforts of this department. The cam- the past four years. The defeat of an important réle. Indications of this ABOUT 75 League secretaries and ac- were already evident before the Con- paign for building many branches in Fascism and the ending of war call for gress adjourned, when youth delegates settlement houses and other youth in- tive workers from coast to coast stayed even greater efforts and must involve stitutions has begun with the holding cover for a secretaries’ conference. many thousands more of the American zt of a mass meeting at Henry Street These people who day after day face people. local issues and have the job of bring- ’ Settlement House addressed by Wil- ing national issues before the citizens ‘The significance of the League in liam E, Dodd Jr. and Gordon Sloane, this struggle was stated incisively by New York youth director. These of their communities, had much valu- Dr, Ward in his report to the Con- = We results would not have been possible able experience to contribute, and made gress: “The struggle in Europe and without the tireless and collective a number of most helpful recommenda- Asia shows very clearly that the demo- from Virginia, Swarthmore, Harlem work of Murry London, Ruth Palley, tions. Bert Leech, Jr., California or- cratic forces, the anti-war forces, move in New York City, and other com- Marcella Suskind, Saul Glaubinger, ganizer of the League, presided over always slower than the Fascist aggres munities, were planning their perspec: Mildred Roth, Florence Greenberg, the afternoon session and gave consid- sors. They were too slow to unite in tives for building branches and extend- and Helen Reisman, all executive eration to all points of discussion. ‘The Italy... in Germany . . . in Aus- ing their peace activities to include members of New York's youth com: delegates were alive to the greater op- tra... and in Spain, There is one other youth organizations, so th: mittee portunities opened up to them by the place where they acted in time in imum results might be obtained from People’s Congress and felt keenly their Europe in a democratic state, and that common efforts. In other words, if you GREETINGS to the Model New responsibilities as leaders and directors have youth institution in your lo held at the ance. They still have a big York State Assembly to be cf campaigns for peace and Democracy battle to ight there, but the point is ity, such asa settlement house, College of the City of New York over in their home cities. Among their rec- Y.W.C.A, Y.MLHLA,, the leaders and the week-end of January 28th. Pat ommendations was the holding of a na- members should be approached imme- terned after the July 4th Model Con- tional conference of League workers diately, and the project undertaken of gress at Milwaukee, the assembly within the next six months. starting a branch or peace club. representing youth and youth-serving organizations will convene to discuss THRILLING moments at the Peo- FROM the New York youth commit ple’s Congress—the presentation at the tee comes word that the ball is just spo ‘mass meeting of Robert Raven, blinded beginning to roll. The work of this and lamed veteran of the Abraham this: they took the offensive! First, committee was fruitful in bringing a Lincoln Battalion; silence and the they did not wait for the Fascists to splendid youth delegation to Pitts- playing of taps after Ambassador de strike out in the open. As soon as the burgh, a delegation which included los Rios’ speech in honor of those who Fascists appeared upon the streets of among its many members individuals had fallen in the fight against Fascism Paris with arms, the forces of Democ- like Barrington Dunbar, Claude Car. and propose legislation dealing with racy drove them off the streets and gill and Louise Overby, of the Harlem in Spain; greetings from Tom Mooney unemployment, crime and crime-pre- in his prison cell, wishing success to compelled the government to take the Church Youth Conference, represent- vention, health, housing, civil liberties the Congress; Ludwig Renn’s transla- arms away from them. Do you know ing close to 100 church youth groups and peace, This project gives prom- tion of the speech of Juan Marinello, what was behind that? I will tell you in Harlem; Ruth Berman of the ise of being a tremendous success. Cuban writer, at the international ses- ‘The French League Against War and Young People’s League (United Syn- The feature speaker at the mass sion; the speech of Representative John Fascism, which prepared the people for agogues of America); James All meeting which will officially open the Bernard, his first public address since that. If they had not had a French brooks of the Carlton Y.M.C.A.; 17 sessions is to be Mrs. Franklin D. his return from Spain the appearance League Against War and Fascism, they delegates from New York settlement Roosevelt. of the two Mexican delegates—Mrs. wouldn't have been prepared, they houses including Franklin Harbacl

Maria del Refugro Garcia and Antonio wouldn't have known what was going boys work director of the National ON MARCH 10TH, 11th, and 12th, ‘on, or how to act. Now, I submit to Federation of Settlements; Rev. Jules Young America will lay down_ its de Araujo—and their warm greetings; the adoption of the new constitution you, with the evidence before us on Ayres, of the Young People’s Society, sword and shield, right on the White and program of the League, marking a the attack against. Democracy and Central Presbyterian Church; Martin House steps. The occasion will be new stage in organizational develop- peace in this country, that the thing for Levine of the East Flatbush and the Pilgrimage for Peace and Security, us to do now is to form a movement Brownsville Inter-Club Council, and sponsored by the national council of ment and activities; the reélection of Harry F. Ward as national chairman which can take the offensive, which ean many others. Now the report comes the American Youth Congress, If and the prolonged ovation given by the act before the anti-democratic forces that the momentum of the campaign to ch a venture was not only nec: bring delegates to Pittsburgh is accel- ry but mandatory, now is the time. delegates in appreciation of his service capture this country.” 28 January 1938, THE FIGHT

People Were There inspired by the progress of the C.LO. of confirming it, Clay declared, “We in his section and the tremendous had a battle in ’35, the court-house (Continued from page 21) strides made by the Farmers Union in front of us, the county jail to the Resettlement Administration. His view Asked after the Congress whether he left of us, the police station to the was extremely practical. “You have agreed with the League's program he right of us and the Federal Building to show the people what this thing stated forcefully, “Not only do I agree, behind us and we won!” means to them. In principle they will but I feel that this message must be At this point R. D. Good, of the support it, but we will have to make brought to my people in the South.” Machine and Tool unit of Local 14, them do something about it. I am entered the dining-room with his wife a member of the Lutheran Church, Out of the South Mary, representing the Women's In the Church Brotherhood, in my Brother Murphy came to Pitts Auxiliary. Cook added, “And don’t organizations, everywhere I go, I try burgh in an old Ford with George H. forget to tell them that we are the to convey this idea. The thing is big, Campbell, executive of the Farmers local that put the Auto Workers on it is real, and when potential Fascists Educational and Cobperative Union, the map. Golf caddies, street-clean: LeRoy Cooper Milner, Y.MLC.A. sec junkmen and undertakers are | earn what the people are thinking, retary representing the Birmingham organized today. Yessir, Toledo is a they will know that you can't tinker Branch of the League, and Mrs, Mil- with us.” union town, and the way the League Red-haired Jean Murray came from dred Reese, Southern organizer for is going, it will mean a lot to union Great Falls, Montana, by airplane. the League. Campbell, who farms members of the Chamber of 120 acres near Gadsden, has been a Mrs. Good put it this way: “I Commerce contributed towards her unionist for less than a year. He sacrificed my Christmas vacation to trip. Her story sounds like a pub- heads his local union and is acting come here, and it has been an educa- : Vigilante groups "de- labor.” licity man’s account of a new motion- secretary of the state body, which ha tion in itself, My mother used to 2. Spain: Mussolini “rebele” in picture star, even to the part where a membership of more than 3,00 tell me the story of a father's legacy Spain. she was brought up in a convent Milner’s League Branch convinced to his 12 sons. It’s about the father 43. Palestine: ‘Britain “protects” him to come to Pittsburgh, despite the Jews and Arabs, And for looks, Jean could make Holly- who wrapped 12 sticks tightly together 4. China: Japan invades China wood any time. She prepared at efforts of reactionary newspapers. to and asked each of his sons to break for friendship’s sake. Ursuline Academy at Pitts Falls, and sabotage the League’s work. He is ¢ bundle. When they had tried un- determined to carry League organiza entered the University of Montana in ly, the old man untied the YOU READ the news but can you 1933. They politely expelled her tion through in Birmingham. Mr. bundle and showed how easy it was read behind it? Can you take events from that institution for writing ar- Reese, a former newspaper woman, to break each stick. “That's my legacy that happen continents apart and fit ticles criticising the faculty. Listen to has given up journalism and now to you boys!” he said. It’s this lesson, them into a connected pietute of the her on the subject of the League. spends all her time in League work united you have strength, alone you world situation? Here are the two

“Every labor union in Montana has She stated, “Southern mill-owners and fall.” things you need. A map of the world endorsed the Congress. The state manufacturers and big land-owners On two points the party agreed— to follow the news on. A subscription Ministerial Association has recom- have been none too enthusiastic about hat Local 14 made the U.A.W.A., to New Masses. Its fearless report- mended that its members join the the League's program. They like d “if we don't win the fight against ing, its world contacts with progres- their own brand of Fascism and will Fascism, we lose in our shops.” sve movement ts Marian analyses American League for Peace and fight any effort to break up. their equip you to evaluate, to undersea t Democracy. ‘The Butte central trades game. But the Farmers Union, or- A Peace Veteran se Tedea} (oipaadie world news’ | and labor body and the central labor ganized labor and the intelligent pro- Get both for $1. « j body of Great Falls have become In 1916, when he joined thousands affliated with the League. ‘These are fessionals have already answered the of Americans in a Peace March on ' A. F. of L, organizations. Altogether, reactionaries’ attack. Doctors, law Washington, Dr. F, W. Walz was | 40,000 trade unionists, professional yers, storekeepers and ministers are 57 years old. Physically strong, def. NEW MASSES definitely behind the League.” inite in his outlook, Dr. Walz was the | __ people and farmers have endorsed “I'm glad to see the preachers are still a youngster when he came to NOW —2 MAGAZINES IN 1—

| program, We are labor-conscious in j our country. If a candidate for office here,” declared Joseph P. O'Shea, Pittsburgh as representative of 10,000 Every month the New Masses will pub- hasn't a labor endorsement he is licked chairman of the Toledo local of the Small Home and Landowners of lish a literary supplement, edited by Federation of Flat Glass Workers. Michael Gold, Horace’ Gregory, before he starts. This Congress. has Cleveland. A few years ago, as a City Granville Hicks and Joshua Kunitz. mapped out a program which fits right “You can't save souls without doing Councilman, Dr. Walz secured the Ie wll contain original creative work into our picture. I am speaking for something about the body. ‘The fact passage of a bill which won equal in prose, poetry, short stories, critica Montana and we don’t fool.” that they came to Pittsburgh proves civil rights for the Negro. He came that they've found that out.” O'Shea, to the American League Congress be- eseeypiliecary latices) frees abreadl studies of literary personalities and A Negro Preacher a glass-worker by trade, was unani- cause he felt that the struggles for discussions of questions important to mously elected chairman by 2,500 equal rights must be conducted on a the development of Marxist culture. j ‘The Reverend Shack Herman members of the Federation’s biggest national scale, His neat white beard Murphy has been in the pulpit more local. Before coming to Pittsburgh pointed determinedly upward, and his than eight years and he is only 27 he had been skeptical of the League's bright blue eves gleamed ashe smil- New Masses for 12 weeks, § years old. Last year he played left prospects, but declared that develop- ingly said, “I can speak German as and a Hammond’s World } tackle for Central City College of ments at the Congress were the go- well as any German.” Asked if ‘Map FREE. Macon. On Saturdays he was on the ahead signal for his boys. that included Hitler, the physician ‘This beautiful colored map, 18” x 24”, is indispensable to tunder- gridiron, on Sundays he was called Toledo Unionists blurted out, “As well as any German, stand where events are happen: upon to preach. ‘The Conference of Isaid ing. Baptist Churches of Alabama, repre- O'Shea was interviewed in a restau- ‘That's how it was at the Pitts-

senting 400 churches, delegated the rant between sessions. With him were burgh Congress, where America SEND THIS COUPON FOR A 12- dynamic Negro evangelist to the Con- James D. Cook, Shop Steward Chair- mapped out a program, and organized WEEKS TRIAL SUBSCRIPTION gress. ‘The Reverend doe 't_ smoke, man of Local 14 of the United Auto forces to carry that program through. Workers, and Howard Clay, Negro, Figure it out—4,000,000 people were a Shop Steward in the same organiza- represented—yet not one Big Business NEW MASSES ©» LZ circuit, and appears before five or six 31 East 27th St, New York tion. The unionists were discussing lobbyist in the cloakroom, Farmer Enclosed find $1 for 12.week trial subseri churches every Sunday. At least 30, local conditions and drawing a parallel and worker, teacher and student, the tion to the NEW MASSES and a Hat 000 church-goers hear his. inspiring between conditions in Toledo and the small merchant and his customer—all mond’s world map Free, voice in the course of a year. Coming League's general problems. Said were there! And having heard from Name from a country where organization Cook, “We are the local that put these people, one thing is clear. Address had been slow, and at the mercy of General Motors on the run, ask old America has spoken, now we shall City State strong Fascist groups, Murphy was man Knudsen about that.” By way act Occupation THE FIGHT, January 1938 29

access to raw materials, It is no mere in the League’s program can perhaps Lynching Bill now under consideration About China coincidence that Manchukuo happens best be gauged by some of he most by Congress (Continued from page 11) to be rich in natural resources! important resolutions adopted by the aggression in China was based not only “And as for codperation—that will Congress to give thei concrete and ‘These are but condensations of a upon the actual invasion, but even be possible when the last Japanese specific direction. ‘These resolutions, olutions which give sub- more upon its pro-Fascist significance. soldier has left Chinese soil, and not in themselves a manual of arms for ew to the League pro- “The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo _ Pact until th the struggle on behalf of peace and gram. Yet they reveal a new grasp makes no secret of the Fascist aims of “What is the way out for the Jap- Democracy, deserve careful of the relation between economic and the signatories,” he said, “in spite of anese people?” I asked. tailed study. Here it is possible only international questions which must un- the fact that Japan is not yet quite “The strengthening of trade unions, to paraphrase and highlight them derlie any real struggle on behalf of a Fascist country, in the same se organizing, building of public opinion peace and Democracy. These ques- that the other two are. We still have —all these things that are easy enough A resolution on the defense of labor's tions were seen at the People’s Congress a number of political parties repre to say, but which are faced by such rights, with specific opposition to anti- to be not two but in the deepest sense, sented in a parliament, which is partly heavy opposition in Fascist countries. picketing ordinances, the use of relief one. ‘The full realization of their chosen by democratic. vote. Meanwhile, those outside must be do rolls for strike-breaking, vigilante and unity and its implication for united “But—beyond the fact that radical ing what they can for the building of police terrorism, the attempt to compel effort was the great achievement of the ties are outlawed—our parliament public opinion outside, and must. be incorporation of labor organizations. Congress. It marked an epochal ad- is so heavily weighted in favor of urging’ such practical measures as the ‘A resolution calling upon the A. F. vance in the political thinking of a autocracy that it becomes a very feeble boycott of Japanese goods, to hasten of L. and ©. I. O. to come to a mutu- major cross-section of the American instrument indeed for expressing the the end of the present struggle.” ally acceptable settlement of their d people. It is embodied in the L will of the people. In the upper house ferences. new name, in its organizational struc- there are a number of lords, mil- Democracy’s Stake A resolution calling for boycott of ture, in its fundamental program. It lionaires and members of the old bu- T cannot do better, in closing, than Japanese goods and demanding an em- creates the basis for a gemuin a power- reaucracy, chief advisers tothe to quote the words of the Chinese ibargo on shipment of all war materials ful, a resistless people’s movement. Emperor and hand in glove with him. Ching-Min Wang, sure that they will to Japan. But a Congress—even such a The members of the lower house are find echo in all minds awake to the A resolution calling for revision of gress—can “do no more than lay the chosen by popular vote. But their gravity of the world situation today: the Neutrality Law by Congress to foundations; the structure is still to power is negligible, for if they pass a “Let us hope that before it is too distinguish between the aggressor, be reared. Tt could and did clear the bill and it is turned down by the up- late the democratic nations will awake japan, and the victim, China, track, the race must yet be run. Day- per house there is no further step to the seriousness of their own stake A similar resolution in regard to by-day work must be intensified in the possible; the measure is killed. You in the present Far East conflict. Let Spain, including specific opposition to trade unions, among the farmers, in can see how slim are the chances for us hope that those peoples who cherish all recognition of Franco and to trade schools, in churches, among the middle laws that would favor the interests of democratic ideals are not going to live relations with the Rebels. class, and in the national and state the masses of people to regret bitterly their inertia when A resolution urging governmental legislatures. New forces must be “The Japanese imperialists claim it is no longer possible to fight the recognition of responsibility for ade- drawn in; broader alliances must be that they are champions of all colored forces which threaten death to Democ quate maintenance of the unemployed, forged; a new and faster tempo must races,” I began. racy—to civilization and progress!” and specifically demanding that budget be set and maintained; an offensive, Mr. Ishigaki smiled. considerations shall. not interfere with not a defensive campaign must be “T don’t remember hearing their ich maintenance, that relief shall not waged. The People’s Congres has voices raised in protest when Italy en- From Pittsburgh be denied to those unemployed because given the American League for Peace tered Ethiopia,” he said. “And ce (Continued from page 7) of an industrial dispute, and that the and Democracy a clear mandate to do tainly their treatment of the Koreans enough for all those who hate war be- unemployed shall participate ind these things. Let us fulfil wouldn’t exactly support their claim. cause they love peace, who oppose Fas- sions as to relief administration. “As a matter of fact, their whole cism because they cherish Democracy.” A resolution calling for legislative, method in this war hardly backs up Yet limitations of space compel me executive and judicial action to free A Chance for Youth their pretension to humanitarianism, to to regroup this nine-point program in- Tom Mooney and other long-term (Continued from page 24) say the least. It is true that war at to even broader divisions. So grouped political prisone and improve facilities for providing best is a ghastly business it contains four basic projects. resolution condemning the special placement and occupational significant to note that the F First, the defense of Democracy a Fascist and anti-demo- counseling services which young’ people makers—the Italians in. Ethiopia, the through defence of labor's rights which cratic weapon, and calling upon the need. Effort along this line is being Rebels in Spain, the Japanese mil- are the object of the bitterest attack government of the United States to carried forward by the National Youth itarists in China—have been ruthless against protest the treatment of the Jewish Administration, which maintains ju- in their attacks upon civilians, and con- Second, the defense of Democracy minority in Poland and to investigate nior-employment offices in 63. cities scienceless in the bombing of women through defense of minorities including anti-Semitic organizations in this ‘The task of increasing wages is cur- and children, which is contrary to ac- Negroes and the foreign-born, whom rently being approached through the cepted rules of warfare. ‘Agreement’ anti-democratic forces employ as smoke- A resolution urging that contem- two channels of organized labor and means no more to them here than they screens to cover their real objectives. plated trade pacts between the United public opinion, the latter acting through have shown it to mean in any other Third, the defense of Democracy States and Great Britain be directed its agent, the government. Both of direction!” through opposing the War Depart- toward consolidating the common in- these channels, it can be affirmed, have ment’s plans to thilitarize labor and terests of the democratic nations, and the support of young people. Progress Why Jepan Fights industry, to regiment the press and to be extended to include all friends of has been made of late, and it is likely 1 asked Mr. Ishigaki what was his curtail civil libertie peace; and further urging that similar that some further amelioration will be opinion of Japan’s need for additional Fourth, a realistic peace policy based negotiations with Fascist powers be achieved. territory, and what also he thought of on recognition of (a) the distinction held in abeyance pending removal of Reduction and, if possible, elimina- the possibility of codperation between between aggressor nations and their their armed forces from neighboring tion of the economic insecurity which the two great Mongolian nations. victims; (b) the necessity for collective territories, and their discontinuance of now grips the younger generation must ‘As for needing territory to relieve action to quarantine aggressors by fomenting civil democratic be largely the work of organized soci- the congestion,” he said, “one need denying our economic resources to countries. ety, but there is considerable that youth only see how little exodus from Japan them, and for opening those resources A series of resolutions in support of themselves can do. We can be assured there has been into Manchuria, to to their victims under conditions de- democratic rights and in opposition to of the gratitude of young people and demonstrate the fallacy of that. No, signed to remove the risk of our being Fascist tendencies and measures in of their intelligent codperation. Youth Japan wants colonies for the same rea- drawn into war; (c) the effectiveness Brazil, Cuba, Quebec, Puerto Rico, as a whole are not embittered toward son that all imperialist countries have of a people's boycott against Japanese, Poland and Ethiopia. society, but it cannot be a matter for always wanted colonies: to guarantee Italian, and German Fascist goods. A resolution demanding immediate surprise if their traditional optimism her increased markets, and increased The scope of these four basic points and favorable action on the Anti- has worn somewhat thin. 30 January 1938, THE FIGHT Woopcur BY PAN RICO Democracy Must Answer

DIPLOMAT'S tour of Europe would be aggressors is discussed and even approved. convicted as a dis. minator of anti-Semitism and much more interesting and enlightening — Giving mandates or colonies as blackmail mo race hatred; wher er one picks up the trail of these days than a Cook’s Tour. In recent weeks will only supply the aggressors with sources un-American groups like the Silver Sh we have had the exeursion of Lord Halifax to. materials with which to wage greater wars. or later it leads to Ford's. Ei Hitler, the Jugoslavian premier’s chat with Japan's appetite has not been curbed by her ° Ford openly defied the N.RLA. on th Mussolini in Rome, and French Foreign Minister repeated slicing of China, Italy has not been he was bigger than our’ go Delbos’ extended tour of Central Europe includ- satiated by her invasion of Africa. The solution security? When the hungry victims of } ing stops in Poland, Rumania, Jugoslavia and fo imperialisl war is nol more imperialism. F Peace demonstrated at Dearborn, machine guns mowed Czechoslovakia. eannol be secured by offering rewards to those who them down | ‘The activities of Mussolini and of Delbos are make wars. Or is plain American n? Here we | the clearest. They concern the efforts of Fascism The maneuy rt of the a riitz Kuhn, to build an armored body around the Rome- in the Far East ary defeats of Nazi Fuehrer in this country, was “employed by | E Tokyo war chassis, and the opposing na mean a prolongation of the war with con- _ the Ford Motor Cc yy" —and that many other | efforts of the Fre h government to keep the sequent increased dangers to surrounding cou Naris and their like have found their way to smaller count 's on the side of the democracies. tries. The Brussels Conference did not bring th Ford’s? Cz hoslovakia is worried over increased German _desired results but it was a beginni Itis time Truly the auto workers have a job to do—for attention towards a possible repetition of Spain the democracies learned th t of being bold. themselves and for America. —C.P, withi t borders—the danger of which has been _ Consistent principle of “quai emphasize by Czech Nazi Fuehrer Henlein’s — antine the application aggressor” by of our th own country would Ti ‘Osean {| speeches in Germany help supply the base for democratic cooperation | 1M to Organize Any successes that Mussolini and Hitler have for peace throughout the entire world.—J.L. FH LOST hopeful sign of the times during hhad in their undertakings in re« ele aeouictane ee capacity of the be chalked up to the faltering steps of the democ- Americanism Not Fordism people to organize and carry through a national racies, with British skullduggery thrown in for assembly where the elected representatives of good measure. From Ethiopia to Spain through ‘TRIKES in a number of Ford plants indicate than four million men and women met to the present Chinese war, the initiative has that the nation may soon witness an attempt frame a program in defense of life and liberty. definitely been on the side of the war-makers. — by the United Automobile Workers to sign up the The recent Pittsburgh Congress not only estab- And now as never before, nothing succeeds like Flivver King’s vast domain. In such event, past lished the American League for Peace and "€s as well as Henry's expressed “Ford- Democracy as the leading organized force in this ing of the point toward the unl ashing of considerable country for the prevention of war, but more than | itish special envoy e against the d mocratic rights of the — that—it gave it s peace program re ubstance by His organized workers. pointing out that peace can only become a reality was defini n to see how much Hitler Forewarned is forearmed, and all friends of if we struggle | for the preservation and develop- would demand as hush money. On the heels of — Democracy should hold themselves \ ready to pro- ment of Democracy. And even more than that. his visit to Berlin there came rumors of possible tect the U.A.W.A.’s civil rights when and if they the program was backed up at the Congress by i colonial grants. Immediately there followed are threatened. But there is an additional reason representatives of more than to million trade reports from Portugal and B that they for the American people's concern in the organ- _ unionisls and farmers and two million more from ldn’t_ give up Portu- ization of Ford's. More than any other indus- fraternal, church and youth organizations. fe 's position is sardonic, Herself a member of trialist, and more openly than the greatest But this congress, excellent as it was, is not Fascist blo, an invader of she is now financiers of Wall Street, the tyrant of Dearborn enough. The delegates going back to their shops, being thought of as the possible sacrificial lamb stands for black reaction. He is the powerful — mills, farms and offices must organize and educale to pacify the earthly gods of international war. sworn foe of all America holds dearest Their organizations 's ethics call for no better. Belgium's must become part of the _Is it industrial relations? The brutal Service American League, active i i foreign minister is quoted as sympathetic to mak- Department of Harry Bennett, with its barefaced Democracy and peace shall be i ing a deal on mandates, however. attack last summer on the Auto Workers’ officials, Only through organized efforts can we accomplish Itis unfortunate that in some peace circles the and the Ford system of speed-up are household our purpose and do our job against war and idea of getting p h giving colonies to words. American equality? Henry Ford stands Fascism.—( THE FIGHT, January 1938 31

For the First Time . . . The WHOLE Story of Our Nation... Its Struggles and Triumphs @ Its Builders and Heroes and Rapscallions @ Revealed from the Human Sine!

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FHEE: 3; 85,8 4 true story of your country which is 50 fascinating you will forget you ate reading a history—you will seem to be actually living through the tremendous dramatic GUILD MEMBERSHIP ‘events which formed the America we know. secs for your For this is a history written “without gloves.” The author of TS FREE r+ choice cute each month the out- “George Washington” and “Meet General Grant” has corn away standing new books before publication—the best new historic myths, discarded hallowed legends posing as facts, You fiction and non-f ‘Wings’—a sparkling, illus- swill often be surprised, sometimes shocked, to find a traditionally trated little journal—comes free each month «© mem- ‘great personage revealing petty and inconsistent traits of character, bers. Ie describes the forthcoming selection and You will be equally amazed to learn that another character, fitted recommendations made by the Editors, tells about the swith a “dunce cap” by posterity, really had. greater character and authors, and contains illustrations pertinent to the books. Foresight than his contemporaries! ‘This invaluable guide t good reading comes a month Mr. Woodward has proved that it is possible to write America’s in advance, so. members can decide whether or not the history as a tremendously exciting narrative, crowded with vital, Guild selected selection ook will any be month to their for liking. only $2.00 You may each have (plus the ‘often heroic, sometimes. rasclly, always fascinating characters— few cents carrying charges), regardless of the retail. price. and full of action, adventure and meaning. (Regular prices of Guild selections range from $2.50 10 $5.00.) Or you may choose from 30 other outstanding books ‘And now, through a special arrangement, it has been made recommended each month by the Guild—or you may order possible for you to get this revolutionary "NEW AMERICAN any book in print at the publisher's price. But you need not HISTORY as A. GIFT—if you accept at once this offer of free take a book each month, |As few as four within a year keeps membership in the Literary Guild your membership in force Remember, Guild savings are You Save Up to 50% ror merely fractional. savings MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY When you can get a $3.00, $4.00, of $5.00 book for only $2.00, your book bills ate cut in half, and you can afford to buy more A GIFT To YoU— FREE—“A New American History” Books this way chan under any ‘other plan, This Epic Story in 895 Pages Free “Bonus” Books Twice a Year Captain Kidd cutie" rs an additional NEW Wook BONUS every. x plan tote gives “hctaeat you SSOLUrELY upon enrollment. ERE” uli deals of this pecial plan will be sont %0 SUBSCRIBE NOW + SEND NO MONEY 25 Remember: few four You books buy only s year. the books The Guild you want, service and starts you as may toon accept as 5s.page You seod A the NEW coupon, AMERICAN Our present HISTORY special absolutly offer gives fre. you, This the book will come to you at once together with ful information about the Guild Service and special savings,