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Merry Christmas & Happy New Year 2 Editorial Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 64 Merry Christmas & Happy New Year On the occasion of 2019th Birthday of Jesus Christ, the announcer of Abraham’s Ritual, I wish to convey my best wishes to all Christians from Iran and other parts of the world for a Merry Christmas & Happy New Year. This message is sent with the hope that the New Year, and the years to come, more than ever, will be year of friendship, fellowship, peace, and tranquility, in the region and all over the world. A peace and tranquility that will bring mutual understanding and cooper- ation in the field of economics between var- ious countries. A year to end all the international and re- gional shortcomings, and failures. A year of workmanship, effort, and economic devel- opment at both international and regional levels. A year of improvement of commer- cial relationship between Iran and Britain as two old trade partners. Dr. Amir Houshang Amini Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 64 Report 3 Iran's foreign trade during the eight month of year 1397 (20 March 2018 to 20 November 2018) According to the statistics of the I.R of of the year 1397 are as indicated in the Iran's Customs Department, the Iran's for- following tables: eign trades volume during the eight month Primary import/export statistics of non-oil goods with the calculation of gas’s Liquidities during the eight month of 1397 eight month of the year eight month of the year Percent of changes 1397 1396 Activity Weight Value Weight Value (Thousand (Million (Thousand (Million Weight Value tons) Dollar) tons) Dollar) Import 21.498 29.549 24.590 34.376 -12.58 -14.04 Export 75.270 31.491 79.354 27.877 -5.15 12.96 4 Report Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 64 Imports: The most important imports during the two month of Emirate" with 11.062 thousand tons and 5.092 mil- 1397, have been done with countries, as follows: 1) lion Dollars and 14.70 percent of weight and 16.17 "Iraq" with 14.216 thousand tons and 6.757 million percent of value, 4) "Afghanistan" with 3.922 thou- Dollars and 18.89 percent of weight and 21.46 per- sand tons and 2.244 million Dollars and 5.21 percent cent of value, 2) "China" with19.442thousand Tons of weight and 7.13 percent of value and 5) "India" and 6.462 million Dollars and 25.83 percent of with 6.029 thousand tons and 1.570 million Dollars weight and 20.52 percent of value, 3) "United Arab and 8.01percent of weight and 4.99 percent of value. Five main countries dealing with Iran in importing goods according to the value During the eight month of 1397 Other countries 1st QtrIraq 29.73% 2nd Qtr 21.46 3rd Qtr % 4th Qtr Slice 5 China Slice 6 20.52% India Slice 7 Slice 8 Afghanistan 4.99% United Arab Emirate 7.13% 16.17% Exports: During the eight month of 1397, a compound of ex- such as industrial, agricultural, mineral, carpet and ported goods with the separation of gas liquidities, handicrafts are as follows: petrochemical products and other kinds of goods Export statistics of goods separating of gas liquidities, petrochemical products And other kinds of goods during eight month of the years 1396-97 eight month of the year 1397 eight month of the year 1396 Share of Total Sort of exported goods Weight value Weight value Weight Dollar (Thousand Tons) (Million Dollar) (Thousand Tons) (Million Dollar) Petrochemical 21.728 10.371 19.210 7.838 13.10 32.32 products Gas liquidities 5.331 2.776 11.366 4.459 -53.09 -37.75 Other kind of 48.211 18.344 48.779 15.580 -1.16 17.74 goods Total 75.270 31.491 79.354 27.877 -5.15 12.96 Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 64 Report 5 Percent of Weight of Exported goods Percent of Value of Exported goods During During the eight month of the year 1397 the eight month of the year 1397 Gas liquidities Gas liquidities 7.08% 8.81 1st Qtr 1st% Qtr 2nd Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 3rd Qtr Slice 4 Slice 4 Petrochemical Products Other kind of goods Petrochemical Products Other kind of goods 28.87 32.93% 64.05% % 58.25% During the eight month of 1397, most of exports thousand tons and value of 1.763 Million Dollars have done with the countries, as follows: and 3.05 percent of weight1st and Qtr 5.97 percent of val- 1)"China" with 2.429 thousand tons and value of ue, 4)"India" with 1.143 2ndthousand Qtr tons and value of 7.385 million Dollars and 11.30 percent of weight 1.615 million Dollars and3rd 5.32Qtr percent of weight and 24.99 percent of value, 2)"United Arab Emir- and 5.46 percent of value,4th Qtrand 5)"Germany" with ate" with 2.795 thousand tons value of 4.454 million 531 thou-sand tons and value of 1.604 million dol- Slice 5 Dollars and 13.00 percent of weight and 15.08 per- lars and 2.47 percent of weight and 5.43 percent of Slice 6 cent of value, 3) "Republic of Korea" with 655 value. Slice 7 Slice 8 Five mail countries dealing with Iran in exporting goods according to the value During the eight month of 1397 Chinaچین Other countries 24.99% 43.07% %77.22 United Arab Emirate 15.08% Germany Republic of Korea India 5.43% 5.97% 5.46% Average price of each ton of exported goods has been 1.374 Dollars, decreasing 1.72 percent in value compared with the similar period last year. 6 Pomegranate & Pomegranate Festival Celebration Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 64 Pomegranate Historical Culture and Production Pomegranate is native to a region from modern-day Iran to northern India. Pomegranates have been cultivated throughout the Middle East, South Asia, and Mediterranean region for several millennia, and thrive in the drier climates of California and Arizona. Pomegranates may have been domesticated as early as the 5th millennium BC, as they were one of the first fruit trees to be domesticated in the eastern Mediterranean region. Iran, with 1 million tons annual production, is the second largest producer and largest exporter of pomegranates in the world. The fruit's juice and paste have a role in Iranian cuisine, e.g. chicken, ghormes, and re- freshment bars. Pomegranate skins may be used to stain wool and silk in the carpet industry. A shrub or small tree growing 5 to 10 m (16 to ovary of a single 33 ft.) high, the pomegranate has multiple spiny flower. The fruit is branches and is extremely long-lived, with some intermediate in size specimens in France surviving for 200 years. between a lemon and Pomegranate leaves are opposite or sub opposite, a grapefruit, 5–12 cm glossy, narrow oblong, entire, 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in) (2–5 in) in diameter long and 2 cm (0.79 in) wide. The flowers are with a rounded shape bright red and 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter, with and thick, reddish three to seven petals. Some fruitless varieties are husk. In mature fruits, grown for the flowers alone. Red-purple in colour, the juice obtained by the pomegranate fruit husk has two parts: an outer, compressing the arils hard pericarp, and an inner, spongy mesocarp and seeds yields a (white "albedo"), which comprises the fruit inner sour flavour due to wall where arils attach Membranes of the meso- low pH (4.4) and high carp are organized as nonsymmetrical chambers contents of polyphe- that contain seeds inside arils, which are embed- nols, which may ded without attachment to the mesocarp. Contain- cause a red indelible Illustration by ing juice, the arils are formed as a thin membrane stain on fabrics. Pri- Otto Wilhelm Thome, 1885 derived from the epidermal cells of the seeds. The marily, the pigmentation of pomegranate juice re- number of seeds in a pomegranate can vary from sults from the presence of anthocyanin and ellag- 200 to about 1,400. Botanically, the edible fruit is itannins. Its fruit crop, and as ornamental trees and a berry with seeds and pulp produced from the shrubs in parks and gardens. Mature specimens Irano-British Quarterly Magazine No. 64 Pomegranate & Pomegranate Festival Celebration 7 can develop sculptural twisted-bark multiple trunks and a distinctive overall form. Pomegran- ates are grown in dry areas either with a Mediter- ranean winter rainfall climate or summer rainfalls. Pomegranates are drought-tolerant. In wetter are- as, they can be prone to root decay from fungal diseases. They can be tolerant of moderate frost, down to about −12 °C (10 °F). Insect pests of the pomegranate can include the pomegranate butter- fly Virachola Isocrates and the leaf-footed bug outfit that you do not care about staining. (Leptoglossus zonatus), and fruit flies and ants are Cut the fruit into quarters, or score the skin in attracted to unharvested ripe fruit. Pomegranate quarters, then pull the fruit apart.Working over a grows easily from seed, but is commonly propa- large, deep bowl, gently loosen the seeds with gated from 25 to 50 cm (10 to 20 in) hardwood your fingers. Discard the pith and skin. cuttings to avoid the genetic variation of seed- You can also remove the seeds with the fruit com- lings. Air layering is also an option for propagation. pletely submerged in a bowl of water.
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