DOCSLIB.ORG

The Sejm Review Przegląd Sejmowy Third Special Edition 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Sejm Review Przegląd Sejmowy Third Special Edition 2007 THE SEJM REVIEW PRZEGLĄD SEJMOWY THIRD SPECIAL EDITION 2007 THE SEJM PUBLISHING OFFICE EDITORIAL2 COMMITTEE Editor-in-Chief Professor MIROSŁAW GRANAT Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw Deputy Editor-in-Chief Professor PAWEŁ SARNECKI Jagiellonian University, Cracow Doctor MICHAŁ KRÓLIKOWSKI Director, Bureau of Research, The Chancellery of the Sejm Scientifi c Secretary Professor ANDRZEJ SZMYT University of Gdańsk Editorial Board Professor LESZEK GARLICKI University of Warsaw JERZY GÓRAL Chief Chancellery of the President of the Supreme Administrative Court (NSA) Professor MARCIN KUDEJ Silesian University, Katowice Doctor WOJCIECH KULISIEWICZ Director, Sejm Library, The Chancellery of the Sejm Professor ZBIGNIEW WITKOWSKI University of Nicolaus Copernicus, Toruń Professor KRZYSZTOF WÓJTOWICZ University of Wrocław Professor MAREK ZUBIK University of Warsaw Editors: URSZULA NAŁĘCZ-RAJCA, PIOTR ZIELIŃSKI Translated by TADEUSZ Z. WOLAŃSKI Veryfi ed by ALBERT POL, MICHAŁ KRÓLIKOWSKI © Copyright by Kancelaria Sejmu Warszawa 2007 ISSN 1230-5502 KANCELARIA SEJMU Przygotowanie, druk i oprawa: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe Wydanie pierwsze Adress: „Przegląd Sejmowy”, ul. Zagórna 3, 00-441 Warszawa, tel. 0-22 694-13-00 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.sejm.gov.pl/wydarzenia/przeglad/przeglad.htm TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction (Mirosław Granat) . 5 Paweł Sarnecki, Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow Cooperation of the Council of Ministers with the Sejm and Senate in the exer- cising by Poland of European Union membership rights . 7 Marian Grzybowski, Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow The Council of Ministers and government administration and Poland’s mem- bership of the European Union (selected constitutional problems) . 27 Anna Więckowska, M.A., Silesian University, Katowice The right of veto of the President of the Republic of Poland in political prac- tice after the coming into force of the new constitution . 39 Jerzy Ciapała, Doctor, University of Szczecin The issue of the legal responsibility of the President of the Republic of Poland 61 Roman Hauser, Professor, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Andrzej Kabat, Professor, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Questions of law as a procedure for the review of the constitutionality of law 83 Krzysztof Wojtyczek, Doctor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow The application of the accusatorial procedure to the review of legal norms before the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland . 105 Monika Haczkowska, M.A., University of Wrocław Legislative lawlessness as the manifestation of harm in the meaning of artic- le 77 paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland . 123 Andrzej K. Piasecki, Doctor habilitated, Pedagogical University of Cracow Direct democracy in Poland after 1989 . 145 A review of the principal reasons for selected judicial decisions issued by the Constitutional Tribunal in the years 1997–2006 (selected and preparaton Mar- cin Wiącek) . 165 Annex. Alphabetical list (by author’s name) of English summaries of articles contained in Sejm Review (“Przegląd Sejmowy”) from beginning of 2003 until 3rd No. 2007 . 201 4 Spis treści INTRODUCTION “Przegląd Sejmowy” [Sejm Review] is a periodical published by the Chancellery of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland. The decision on its publication was taken at the end of 1992 by the then Chief of the Chancellery of the Sejm Ryszard Stemplowski. Since 1993 “Przegląd Sejmowy” has been published as a quarterly, and since 1996 as a bimonthly. Since then, 80 issues have been published. The regular appearance of “Przegląd Sejmowy” and its valuable substantive content is owed to many persons: the authorities of the Sejm and its administration, the editorial board, editors and, above all, authors who have submitted to us their texts and studies. From the outset, “Przegląd Sejmowy” has been, and still is, a scientifi c journal mostly dedicated to constitutional law and, in particular, the issues of Polish parlia- mentary law. The distinctive feature or the articles published in “Przegląd Sejmowy” is their orientation to the practical functioning of parliament. A relatively big space is given to the issues of bicameral nature of parliament, legislative procedure, lawmaking process, the status of a Deputy and a Senator, as well as relations between the Sejm and the Senate and other State organs. For many years, the problems of judicial review of constitutionality of laws are permanently present on the pages of “Przegląd Sejmowy”. This refl ects the growing role of the Constitutional Tribunal in the system of law of the Republic of Poland. And, fi nally, we readily publish articles on human rights and freedoms. Its our aim that each issue of our journal contains an article devoted to par- liamentary law or a system of government of a different state. In the recent years, we often presented texts relating to Poland’s membership of the European Union. 6 The Sejm Review Third Special Issue / 2007 From the beginning of its publication, the composition of “Przegląd Sejmowy”, is — as a principle — permanent. Of the highest signifi cance is the fi rst part contain- ing studies and articles. The second section is designed for publication of opinions connected with current work of parliament, as well as glosses analysing the most important judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal, the Supreme Court or other ju- dicial organs. That section also contains reviews and notes. The third section is most- ly of a documentary nature. It contains source material for studying Polish parlia- mentarism, as well as summaries of judicial decisions issued by constitutional courts in other countries. For many years, all articles published in “Przegląd Sejmowy” are available at the web pages of the Chancellery of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland <www.sejm.gov.pl/ wydarzenia/przeglad/przeglad.htm>. We invite our readers to the use this form of ac- cess to our journal. We also publish, even if not regularly, an English edition of “Przegląd Sejmowy”. It contains a selection of the most interesting articles and studies. Until now, two issues were published — in 1999 and 2002. The fi rst one was dedicated to a newly adopted Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997, the se- cond addressed the most important matters of linked to the practical application of Poland’s Constitution of 1997. This issue presents a selection of articles published in the years 2002–2007 and description of most interesting, in our opinion, judicial deci- sions of the Constitutional Tribunal, considered from the point of view of constitu- tional law. Editor-in-Chief Mirosław Granat 7 PAWEŁ SARNECKI PROFESSOR, JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY, CRACOW COOPERATION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS WITH THE SEJM AND SENATE IN THE EXERCISING BY POLAND OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP RIGHTS* 1. The response of Member States to the problem of “democratic defi cit” in the EU is, beside the broadening of the participation of the European Parliament (herein- after EP) in the decision-making processes of the Union, also the reconstruction in this scope of the powers of national parliaments. Beside the traditional powers, con- sisting in their participation in the procedure of the ratifi cation by Member States of the international agreements shaping the Union, in particular countries there are also specifi c legal provisions concerning the competence of parliaments towards national executives (governments) infl uencing the conduct of the latter within the organs of the EU (in the European Council of and in the Council of the European Union). In different countries they exist at various levels: constitutional, statutory or rule provi- sions. It is essential to emphasise that this process is also stimulated by decisions made by the authorities of the EU themselves who are not indifferent to the way in which particular states represented in the organs of the EU arrive at their substantive positions. The fi rst step made by the EU in this direction was the declaration attached to the Maastricht Treaty and the next was the special protocol attached to the Amsterdam Treaty. A reference in this respect is also included in the “Declaration on * This article was published in „Przegląd Sejmowy” No. 5(64)/2004. 8 The Sejm Review Third Special Issue / 2007 the future of the Union” accepted in Nice. Finally, a special “Protocol on the role of national parliaments in the European Union” was attached to the Constitutional Treaty of 2004. These successive international agreements witness an unequivocal trend towards extending the powers of parliaments in particular countries. However, no common position of all Member States have been reached and, within the frame- work of the aforementioned agreements, the solutions of particular states differ sig- nifi cantly in specifying the national parliaments’ scope of the infl uence on the posi- tions adopted by the representatives of these states in EU organs. 2. The above-mentioned European regulations and, subsequently, legal solutions adopted in particular countries with reference to them (and, sometimes, even preced- ing them) and also the general analysis of various aspects of the regulation of this is- sue in our country, conducted against the background of constitutional regulations and against the background of the regulations of EU law, have already become the subject of numerous studies, including those of a theoretical nature, and detailed ex- pert opinions. Elaborations on these European regulations (in the form of synthesis) and also concrete opinions can be found, for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
    Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202).
    [Show full text]
  • From the History of Polish-Austrian Diplomacy in the 1970S
    PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI I, 2017 AGNIESZKA KISZTELIŃSKA-WĘGRZYŃSKA Łódź FROM THE HISTORY OF POLISH-AUSTRIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE 1970S. AUSTRIAN CHANCELLOR BRUNO KREISKY’S VISITS TO POLAND Polish-Austrian relations after World War II developed in an atmosphere of mutu- al interest and restrained political support. During the Cold War, the Polish People’s Republic and the Republic of Austria were on the opposite sides of the Iron Curtain; however, after 1945 both countries sought mutual recognition and trade cooperation. For more than 10 years following the establishment of diplomatic relations between Austria and Poland, there had been no meetings at the highest level.1 The first con- tact took place when the then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bruno Kreisky, came on a visit to Warsaw on 1-3 March 1960.2 Later on, Kreisky visited Poland four times as Chancellor of Austria: in June 1973, in late January/early February 1975, in Sep- tember 1976, and in November 1979. While discussing the significance of those five visits, it is worth reflecting on the role of Austria in the diplomatic activity of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). The views on the motives of the Austrian politician’s actions and on Austria’s foreign policy towards Poland come from the MFA archives from 1972-1980. The time period covered in this study matches the schedule of the Chancellor’s visits. The activity of the Polish diplomacy in the Communist period (1945-1989) has been addressed as a research topic in several publications on Polish history. How- ever, as Andrzej Paczkowski says in the sixth volume of Historia dyplomacji polskiej (A history of Polish diplomacy), research on this topic is still in its infancy.3 A wide range of source materials that need to be thoroughly reviewed offer a number of 1 Stosunki dyplomatyczne Polski, Informator, vol.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Poland and Lithuania
    A Short History of Poland and Lithuania Chapter 1. The Origin of the Polish Nation.................................3 Chapter 2. The Piast Dynasty...................................................4 Chapter 3. Lithuania until the Union with Poland.........................7 Chapter 4. The Personal Union of Poland and Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty. ..................................................8 Chapter 5. The Full Union of Poland and Lithuania. ................... 11 Chapter 6. The Decline of Poland-Lithuania.............................. 13 Chapter 7. The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania : The Napoleonic Interlude............................................................. 16 Chapter 8. Divided Poland-Lithuania in the 19th Century. .......... 18 Chapter 9. The Early 20th Century : The First World War and The Revival of Poland and Lithuania. ............................. 21 Chapter 10. Independent Poland and Lithuania between the bTwo World Wars.......................................................... 25 Chapter 11. The Second World War. ......................................... 28 Appendix. Some Population Statistics..................................... 33 Map 1: Early Times ......................................................... 35 Map 2: Poland Lithuania in the 15th Century........................ 36 Map 3: The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania ........................... 38 Map 4: Modern North-east Europe ..................................... 40 1 Foreword. Poland and Lithuania have been linked together in this history because
    [Show full text]
  • VI Europe–Russia Economic Forum
    VI Europe–Russia Economic Forum Sejm of the Republic of Poland Warsaw, Poland ST OF MAY – ST OF JUNE Under the High Patronage of Grzegorz Schetyna, Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland Organizer Publisher Foundation Institute for Eastern Studies ul. Solec 85 00–382 Warsaw Tel.: + 48 22 583 11 00 Fax: + 48 22 583 11 50 e–mail: [email protected] www.forum–ekonomiczne.pl Layout BikerStudio www.biker.wns.pl Print Flexergis Sp. z o.o. (Drukarnia BAAD) Warsaw 2011 Contents Programme . 5 Speakers. 19 List of Participants . 55 Programme Programme 6 Programme Programme 7 May 31, 2011 Registration of participants 11:30–12:15 Presentation of the Economic Forum “Russia 2010. Report on Transformation”. Political and Economic 12:15–13:30 Situation in Russia in 2010 Break 13:30–13:45 Partnership for Modernization 13:45–15:15 Lunch 15:15–16:15 Russia in 21st Century. Expectations and Projects 16:15–17:45 Coffee break 17:45–18:00 European Union and Russia: Common Values 18:00–19:30 Reception 20:00 www.economic–forum.pl www.economic–forum.pl 6 Programme Programme 7 June 1, 2011 Energy Industry. Russian Resources and European Security 09:00–10:30 NATO–EU–Russia Relations after the Lisbon Summit 09:00–10:30 Coffee break 10:30–10:45 Europe and Russia in the Global Economy: Opportunities and Threats 10:45–12:15 EU and Russia – Foreign Policy Directions 10:45–12:15 Coffee break 12:15–12:30 EU–Russia. New Perspectives for Partnership and Cooperation 12:30–14:00 Regional Cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Controversies Around the System, Organisation and Curriculum Structure of Secondary School Education in Poland, in the Years 1944–1948
    Justyna Gulczyńska DOI: 10.14746/bhw.2018.38.37 Department of Educational Studies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Controversies Around the System, Organisation and Curriculum Structure of Secondary School Education in Poland, in the Years 1944–1948 Abstract A new form of government of the Polish state was combined with its rather intensive influence on the character of the educational system, including general secondary schools. That time is distin­ guished by numerous controversies, which then appeared in various social circles, political parties, and referred to the constitutional and organizational structure as well as the program structure of this school level. In the first years the controversies were more of an evolutionary concepts for the Polish route to socialism were still possible. After 1948 there was no more room for discussion; the decisions about this sphere were also made by one group – the people related to the communist par­ ty (Pol. abbr. PZPR). Already right after the cessation of war activities, the tendencies leading to the centralization of ed­ ucation management were noticeable, and consequently, ever more intense influence of the govern­ ment of the working classes (lub the people’s government) on the functioning of schools, but, above all, on the teaching content. The process of centralization was linked with the so-called democratiza­ tion process of school i.e., the question, of which the ruling communists made their priority. A con­ sequence of democratization of the general secondary school and rendering it a tool for the manu­ facture of future citizens – devoted to and subjected to the government of the working classes – was the aspiration for closing private general secondary school, and also the expulsion of religion from school.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Charitable Activity in the Formation of Vilnius Society in the 14Th to Mid-16Th Centuries S.C
    LITHUANIAN historical STUDIES 17 2012 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 39–69 THE ROLE OF CHARITABLE ACTIVITY IN THE FORMATION OF VILNIUS SOCIETY IN THE 14TH TO MID-16TH CENTURIES S.C. Rowell ABSTRACT This article examines the development of charitable activity in the city of Vilnius and elsewhere in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before the middle of the sixteenth century by studying the foundation of almshouses to care for the poor and destitute and foster the memory and salvation of pious benefactors. Almshouse foundations developed from increasing forms of practical piety within the GDL from the late fifteenth century, following earlier west European and Polish models. The first, dedicated to traditional patrons of such institutions, St Job and St Mary Magdalene, was founded by a Vilnius canon and medical doctor, Martin of Duszniki with the support of the monarch, Sigismund the Old, and his counsellors between 1518 and 1522. The almshouse swiftly became an established part of the city’s sacral topography. The fashion was adopted by Eastern Orthodox parishes in Vilnius too, and later spread to other confessional groups. Twelve charters are published for the first time in an appendix. Christian charity in public spaces flourished throughout Catholic Europe during the 13th to 15th centuries 1. Indeed, the first chari- table intitutions for the poor are known in England from the tenth century. It behoved the bishop elect on taking his oath of office to protect the poor and the sick 2. Providing lodging and food for the deserving poor over time became the function of almshouses, hospitalia.
    [Show full text]
  • Election Code
    Act of 5 January, 2011 Election Code (Journal of Laws 31 January, 2011) Section I. Introductory provisions Chapter 1 General Provisions (Article 1 - Article 9) Chapter 2 Voting rights (Article 10 - Article 11) Chapter 3 Electoral Districts (Article 12 - Article 17) Chapter 4 The register of voters (Article 18 - Article 25) Chapter 5 Roll of voters (Article 26 - Article 37) Chapter 6 Common provisions on voting (Article 38 - Article 53) Chapter 7 Voting by proxy (Article 54 - Article 61) Chapter 8 Voting by correspondence in the electoral wards established abroad (Article 62 - Article 68) Chapter 9 Determining the results of voting in the circuit (Article 69 - Article 81) Chapter 10 Election protests (Article 82 - Article 83) Chapter 11 Electoral committees (Article 84 - Article 103) Chapter 12 The election campaign (Articles 104 - 115) Chapter 13 The election campaign in the programs of radio and television broadcasters (Article 116 - Article 122) Chapter 14 Funding of elections from the state budget (Article 123 - Article 124) Chapter 15 Financing of election campaigns (Article 125 - Article 151) Section III. Elections to the Sejm Chapter 1 General principles (Article 192 - Article 200) Chapter 2 Constituencies (Article 201 - Article 203) Chapter 3 Reporting of candidates for deputies (Article 204 - Article 222) Chapter 4 Ballot (Article 223 - Article 226) Chapter 5 The method of voting and the conditions of validity of the vote (Article 227) Chapter 6 Determination of voting results and election results in constituency (Article 228 - Article 237) Chapter 7 Announcement of results of elections to the Sejm (Article 238 - Article 240) Chapter 8 Validity of election (Article 241 - Article 246) Chapter 9 The expiration of the mandate of Mr and complement the composition of the Sejm (Article 247 - Article 251) Chapter 10 The election campaign in public programs, radio and television broadcasters (Article 252 - Article 254) Section IV.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF (Angielski)
    13 Analysis of Rescue Measures in Selected Industrial Plants Using Toxic Chemical Compounds in Poznań Tomasz Michalak, Jerzy Orłowski, Edyta Pędzieszczak-Michalak, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań Introduction The broad development of chemistry has been one of the crucial elements of the socio-economic development in the recent decades. It has contributed to an increased life expectancy and improved health condition of people to a large and unprecedented extent. However, it has also been realised that economic development poses substantial threats. Both on the global and local level, chemical substances can seriously and often irreversibly damage human health and natural environment. It has been demonstrated very clearly by huge chemical disasters, for example the Flixborough 30-tonne cyclohexan leakage and subsequent explosion in 1974, the Seveso dioxin release in 1976, the Bhopal methyl isocyanate release in 1984, the pollution of Rhine River after a fire in a chemical warehouse in Basilea in 1986 and the Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster [1,3]. In Poznań the source of chemical threats to the inhabitants and environment are the plants using dangerous substances and road or rail transportation of dangerous commodities. A serious failure at a high- or increased-risk plant and during road or rail transportation of dangerous commodities may pose a threat to a very large group of people and to the environment (Table 1). In the recent years, there have been instances of mass chemical human poisoning in the city
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Poland
    Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights REPUBLIC OF POLAND PRE-TERM PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 21 October 2007 OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report Warsaw 20 March 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................. 2 III. BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................... 2 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................ 3 A. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................3 B. ELECTORAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................................4 C. SUFFRAGE AND CANDIDACY ELIGIBILITY ...............................................................................5 D. COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS......................................................................................................6 E. OBSERVERS ...............................................................................................................................7 V. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION............................................................................................. 7 A. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Dissolution of the Parliament According to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland
    Katarzyna Dunaj University of Humanities and Sciences in Siedlce, Poland DISSOLUTION OF THE PARLIAMENT ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND Abstract Dissolution of the parliament is a characteristic feature of parliamentary system of government. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland has adopted a rationalized parliamentary system of government, inter alia the constructive vote of no confidence, modeled on the German Basic Law. For this reason the president can dissolve the House of Representatives ( Sejm ) only in two situations: in the event that a vote of confidence has not been granted to the Council of Ministers pursuant to Article 155 Paragraph 1 or if, after 4 months from the day of submission of a draft Budget to the Sejm, it has not been adopted or presented to the president for signature (Article 225). Furthermore the Sejm may shorten its term of office by a resolution passed by a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes of the statutory number of Deputies (Article 98, Paragraph 3). Key words: dissolution of the parliament, Constitution of the Republic of Poland, president . Dissolution of parliament is an inherent feature of the parliamentary system of government. In the event of a cabinet crisis (a vote of no-confidence passed by the parliament towards the government) a normal means of its removal is dissolution of the parliament and selecting by means of elections a new government majority. Therefore, this institution is common in the constitutions of European states i. However, it is not known by the United States Constitution of 1787, which adopted a presidential system of government, characterized by, among others the lack of the equivalent of the Council of Ministers.
    [Show full text]
  • Najciekawsze Wiejskie Zakątkiwielkopolski
    Najciekawsze Wiejskie Zakątki Wielkopolski 2007-2015 r. / Most interesting RURAL AREAS of Wielkopolska 2007-2015 KATALOG OBIEKTÓW WYŁONIONYCH W KONKURSIE NA NAJLEPSZY OBIEKT TURYSTYKI NA OBSZARACH WIEJSKICH W WIELKOPOLSCE Nie musimy wyjeżdżać w odległe zakątki świata, żeby znaleźć miejsce z niepowtarzalnym klimatem. W wielkopolskich gospodarstwach agroturystycznych odnajdziemy wszystko to, co zagwarantuje doskonały wypoczynek i mnóstwo atrakcji. To właśnie w takich miejscach przekonamy się, czym jest prawdziwa, polska gościnność i tradycyjna kuchnia. Odwiedzając odrestaurowane dworki, czy folwarki poznamy również bogatą historię regionu. Wielkopolska wieś, to dzisiaj także miejsca odnowy biologicznej i niczym nieskrępowanej rekreacji na łonie natury, wśród lasów, jezior, rzek i to przez cały rok. Wielkopolska to także szlaki turystyczne wiodące wśród licznych zabytków architektury, zabytków przyrody, muzeów, stanowisk archeologicznych. Jak odnaleźć takie miejsca? Z pomocą przychodzi kolejna już Krzysztof Grabowski Wicemarszałek edycja Konkursu na najlepszy obiekt turystyki na obszarach Województwa Wielkopolskiego wiejskich w Wielkopolsce organizowanego od 2007 roku przez Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Wielkopolskiego, we współpracy z Uniwersytetem Przyrodniczym w Poznaniu i Wielkopolskim Towarzystwem Agroturystyki i Turystyki Wiejskiej. Wyłaniane są w nim najlepsze w swej branży gospodarstwa, które wcześniej przechodzą surową ocenę kapituły konkursowej. Są one oceniane w trzech kategoriach: gospodarstwo agroturystyczne w funkcjonującym
    [Show full text]
  • Bruno Kamiński
    Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956) Bruno Kamiński Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, 14 June 2016 European University Institute Department of History and Civilization Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956) Bruno Kamiński Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Prof. Pavel Kolář (EUI) - Supervisor Prof. Alexander Etkind (EUI) Prof. Anita Prażmowska (London School Of Economics) Prof. Dariusz Stola (University of Warsaw and Polish Academy of Science) © Bruno Kamiński, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I <Bruno Kamiński> certify that I am the author of the work < Fear Management. Foreign threats in the postwar Polish propaganda – the influence and the reception of the communist media (1944 -1956)> I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications.
    [Show full text]