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2009 Indiana Archaeology Journal

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2009 Indiana Archaeology Journal INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 4 Number 1 2009 Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Indiana Department of Natural Resources Robert E. Carter, Jr., Director Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) James A. Glass, Ph.D., Director DHPA Archaeology Staff James R. Jones III, Ph.D., State Archaeologist Amy L. Johnson Cathy L. Draeger-Williams Laura R. Black Cathy A. Carson Editors James R. Jones III, Ph.D., State Archaeologist Amy L. Johnson, Senior Archaeologist and Archaeology Outreach Coordinator Editorial Assistance Cathy A. Carson Publication Layout: Amy L. Johnson Additional acknowledgments: The editors wish to thank the authors of the submitted articles, as well as all of those who participated in, and contributed to, the archaeological projects which are highlighted. The U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service is gratefully acknow- ledged for their support of Indiana archaeological research as well as this volume. Cover design: The images which are featured on the cover are from several of the individual articles included in this journal. This publication has been funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service’s Historic Preservation Fund administered by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. In addition, the projects discussed in several of the articles received federal financial assistance from the Historic Preservation Fund Program for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic 2 properties and cultural resources in the State of Indiana. However, the contents and opinions contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability in its federally assisted programs. If you believe that you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240. Mission Statement: The Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology promotes the conservation of Indiana’s cultural resources through public education efforts, financial incentives including several grant and tax credit programs, and the administration of state and federally mandated legislation. For further information contact: Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology 402 W. Washington Street, Room W274 Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2739 Phone: 317/232-1646 Email: [email protected] www.IN.gov/dnr/historic 2009 3 Indiana Archaeology Volume 4 Number 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Notes: The projects discussed in several of the articles, noted below with “HPF,” received federal financial assistance from the Historic Preservation Fund Program for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the State of Indiana. Authors of articles were responsible for ensuring that proper permission for the use of any images in their articles was obtained. Introduction 6 Preliminary Results of the 2007 Investigations of Two Late Middle to 9 Late Archaic (ca.6000-3000 B.P.) sites in Harrison County, Indiana: The Breeden (12Hr11) and Overflow Pond (12Hr12) sites Rick Burdin (HPF) Glacial Sluiceways and Modern Streams: An Archaeological 35 Survey of the Stony Creek Valley in Hamilton County, Indiana Andrew Smith, Beth K. McCord and Donald R. Cochran (HPF) Multiple Scales of Data on Falls Mississippian Settlement Practices 56 Joshua Wells and Robert McCullough (HPF) Excavations at the Strawtown Enclosure, 2007 81 Robert G. McCullough (HPF) Archaeological Investigations of Fort St. Philippe des Miamis (1722) 108 and the First American Fort (1794) in Fort Wayne, Indiana Christopher R. Andres, Dorothea McCullough, Michael Strezewski, and Robert G. McCullough (HPF) The 2007 Indiana Archaeology Month Public Education Program In 131 Southwestern Indiana: Community, Collaboration, and Participation Dru Evan McGill and Cheryl Ann Munson (HPF) 4 Public Archaeology: Indiana’s Archaeological Outreach and Education 159 Amy L. Johnson Dear Ones Remembered: The Relocation of the Wright-Whitesell-Gentry 178 Family Cemetery in Marion County, Indiana Nancy A. Ross-Stallings, Christopher D. Koeppel, Stephen P. Nawrocki, Ryan J. Peterson and Gaby Kienitz Glossary of Archaeological Terms 207 Prehistoric Indians of Indiana 212 5 INTRODUCTION This is the fourth, and first electronic, volume of Indiana Archaeology, a journal designed for the professional archaeologists and the public. This fourth volume presents a variety of articles which highlight some of the exciting archaeological discoveries which have been occurring in the Hoosier state. The focus of the journal is slightly different than in previous volumes. The articles are written for a broader audience, scholars and professionals alike. In order to share information regarding the archaeology which is being conducted using monies from the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service’s Historic Preservation Fund (HPF), administered through the Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, a requirement of each Indiana archaeology HPF grant was to submit an article summarizing the goals and accomplishments of the project. The target audience includes the general public, professional archaeologists, avocational archaeologists, and anyone else interested in the history and prehistory of Indiana. Additional articles (Johnson, and Ross-Stallings et al.) on archaeological topics or projects which did not utilize HPF funds are also included. An overarching goal is to provide access for everyone to information about archaeology and past cultures in Indiana. Everyone has an interest—indeed a stake—in the past, and is continually influenced by history, whether familial, local, regional, state, national, or global. In one way, archaeology can be viewed as a local discipline, recording local artifacts, features, sites, cultures, and history that many cultures, groups, residents, former residents, and/or relatives feel closest to. Thus, archaeology and the information it recovers (and interprets) must be widely and locally available. Everyone has a connection to the past, whether based on the individual, family, culture, tribe, occupation, avocation, scientific, or other interests exist, and it is our responsibility as stewards to record, archive, maintain and make available our history. This journal continues a tradition of scholarly research and important contributions to the science of archaeology. The topics are specific to Indiana but they also have importance in the broader context of Midwestern archaeology. For those who have not seen the previous periodic volumes of Indiana Archaeology, we are pleased that you have found this one. We hope that you find the articles informative and that they will pique your interest in helping to preserve and protect the irreplaceable archaeological resources in our state. We invite professional archaeologists, professionals in fields related to archaeology, avocational archaeologists, and knowledgeable nonprofessionals to submit articles for publication. The editors wish to thank all of the authors who contributed to this project. We appreciate the important work which you are doing in our field. The articles cover a wide range of research topics, educational projects and matters, and past cultures in Indiana, from Early Archaic times to the mid-nineteenth century. Rick Burdin investigates general modes of adaptation over three millennia for Mid-Late Archaic hunting-gathering groups living on the Ohio River in southern Indiana. His account of archaeological investigations at the Breeden and Overflow Pond sites, shows, among other things, changes in subsistence strategies from emphasis on hickory nuts and freshwater mussels to more emphasis on starchy seed plants (pp. 15, 31), and resulting changes in community and settlement patterns. Sites such as these, and the information they contain, are endangered by erosion and unauthorized digging. Stream valleys, such as the Stony Creek Valley in Hamilton County, are threatened by development and resource use, and recording sites in these lesser-known areas affords more protection and knowledge of archaeological resources therein. Smith, McCord, and Cochran’s 6 survey of this area archaeologically surveyed some 400 acres in the drainage, and 168 new sites recorded, ranging from Early Archaic through Late Prehistoric in time. A notable number of sites with Early Archaic bifurcate points were found. In comparison to known prehistoric occupations in the White River Valley, site occupation in the Stony Creek Valley tends to be of shorter duration and less intensive. The relationship of Fall Creek chert to Jeffersonville chert was also investigated. Wells and McCullough discuss a regional survey and site analysis in Clark County using remote sensing, traditional survey and excavation methods, statistical analyses, and GIS, to record and analyze archaeological sites and cultural occupations in the county. One hundred thirty-one new sites were recorded, 12 of them Mississippian. In analyzing previously and newly recorded Mississippian
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