TABLE OF CONTENTS

I N T RO D U C T I O N 3 Pe o p l e 4 Research A c t i v i t i e s 5 L i b r a ry 8 Fi n a n c e s 9 RESEARCH AND SEMINAR PRO G R A M S 1 1 A f r i c a 1 1 Canada and U.S.-Canada Relations 1 2 Communist and Postcommunist Countries 1 3 D i r e c t o r ’s Seminar 1 4 Ethics and International Relations 1 5 Fe l l ows Prog r a m 1 5 Global Communications and International Relations 2 3 H a rvard A c a d e my for International and Area Studies 2 4 I n t e rnational Conflict Analysis and Resolution 3 1 I n t e rnational Environmental A f f a i r s 3 4 I n t e rnational Institutions 3 5 Japan and U.S.-Japan Relations 3 6 Middle East 4 1 N o nviolent Sanctions and Cultural Surv i v a l 4 3 Performance of Democracies 4 4 Political Development 4 7 Political Economy of Reform 4 8 South A s i a 5 1 S t r a t egic Studies 5 2 Student Prog r a m s 6 1 Transnational Security 6 5 U . S. Foreign Po l i c y 6 8 SPECIAL CONFERENCES, L E C T U R E S , AND SEMINARS 7 0 P U B L I C AT I O N S 7 7 RESEARCH INTERESTS 8 5 A D M I N I S T R AT I O N Visiting Committee 9 9 Executive Committee 1 0 0 I n t e rnational A dv i s o ry Committee 1 0 1 S t a f f 1 0 1

C O N T E N T S 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 1

W E A THERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFF A I R S

1 9 9 7 - 9 8 THE CENTER FOR INTERNAT IONAL AFFAIRS WAS FOUNDED IN 1958. In the spring of 1998 it was ren a m ed the We a t h erh e ad Cen ter for In tern a ti onal Affairs in gratitude for the magnificent endowment established by Albert and Celia Wea t h e rhe a d and the Wea t h e rhe a d Fou n d a ti on . In recogni ti o n of the opportun i t y and responsibility bestowed with this gift, the Center held a symposium in April entitled “Thinking About the 21st Century.” The Weatherhead Center is the largest international research center within Harvard Uni versi ty ’ s Facu l t y of Arts and Science s . Its mission ,h owever, ext ends to the promo ti o n of re s e a rch on intern a ti onal and com p a ra tive matters ac ross all the sch ools of t h e u n ivers i ty. The Cen ter provi des a mu l ti d i s c i p l i n a ry envi ron m ent for re s e a rch on international issues that is both academically rigorous and relevant to contemporary policies and problems. The Cen ter is stru ctu red to en co u ra ge the highest practical level of pers onal and i n tell ectual interacti on among a diverse com mu n i ty of s ch o l a rs and practi ti on ers . It is disti n ctive in its recogn i ti on that knowl ed ge is a produ ct not on ly of i n d ivi du a l academic research but also of vigorous, sustained intellectual dialogue among scholars and nonacademic experts. To stimulate this dialogue,the Center sponsors a wide array of sem i n a rs , res e a r ch program s , works h op s , and conf erence s . These activit ies enco u ra g e in t eractio n among res i d ent affiliates and invol ve a wid e vari e ty of sch o l a rs , governm e nt and military officials, corporate executives, and other practitioners from around the world. The Cent er also provid es strong sup port to Har var d stud ents en ga ged in res e a r ch ,n a m ely gradua t e stud ents at the disserta ti o n stage and underg radua t es writ ing seni o r theses. The results of Weatherhead Center research are made available to the public policy community through books, working papers,articles, reports, seminars, and lectures, as well as through the personal participation of Center members in policy planning and decision making in governments and institutions outside the university. The Cen ter is headed by a fac u l ty director who is assisted by an exec utive director. Gu i d a n ce on matters of su b s t a n ce and policy is provi ded by an exec utive com m i t tee , primarily composed of senior Harvard faculty involved in Center-sponsored programs. Profe s s or Jor ge I. Dom í n g u e z , Cl a ren ce Di ll on Profe s s or of In tern a ti onal Af f a i rs , con ti nu ed as director of the Cen ter. Anne Emers on com p l eted her tenth year as exec utive director. The Center’s offices are located in Coolidge Hall, on the Harvard University campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 3 P E O P L E home institutions, enabling them to pursue The most important res o u r ce at the Cent er is their research interests with the benefits of the diverse group of people affiliated with it. interaction with other Center members and In add i ti o n to the small perma n e nt staff, s om e access to the extensive library system and other tw o hun d r ed facu l t y memb ers, vis i t ing scho l a rs , resources of Harvard University. practi ti on ers , and stu dents are norm a lly Postdoctoral Fe l l ow s associated with the Center, representing The Center provides research affiliations for approximately thirty-five nationalities. recent doctoral degree recipients pursuing Fa c u l t y research in areas relevant to Weatherhead Senior and junior members of the Harvard Center programs. The Center has a limited faculty form the intellectual core of the Center. number of postdoctoral fellowships for In addition to its twelve resident faculty outstanding younger scholars conducting members, the Center has a broad network of research on strategic and national security faculty from many disciplines and schools studies, international and area studies, within Harvard who regularly contribute transnational security, and the performance to the development and administration of of democracies. research programs and activities. The Center is A s s o c i at e s also the locus of four endowed professorships Center associates include individuals in international affairs, international from outside Harvard who are active in economics,national security and military Weatherhead Center research programs affairs, and Canadian studies. The Center’s and seminars. forty-seven faculty associates may apply for Center research funds and fellowships. G r a d u ate Students The Center annually supports selected doctoral Fe l l ow s candidates writing research dissertations by Each year, the Center’s Fellows Program offering them office space, computer facilities, invites approximately twenty senior diplomats, and modest funding for travel, as well as access military officers, journalists, politicians,and to programs and activities. This group other nonacademic professionals active in the numbers roughly one-quarter of the Center’s field of international affairs to spend a year at affiliates. In addition to the Graduate Student the Center in advanced study, research,and Associate Program for Harvard students, writing.This group, which is typically drawn students from other institutions also receive from some fifteen countries, constitutes Weatherhead Centersponsored research an important and direct link with the fellowships in strategic and national security contemporary realities of global politics studies, international and area studies, and provides the Center with the unique transnational security, and the performance perspectives of nonacademic practitioners. of democracies. The Center has also received Visiting Scholars grants from the MacArthur Foundation to The Center provides research affiliations for support the work of seven doctoral candidates. non-Harvard academics on leave from their U n d e rg r a d u ate Students I N T E R NAT I O NAL RELAT I O N S The Center supports the activities of the Conflict Analysis and Resolution. The Weatherhead Center Student Council, which Program on International Conflict Analysis works to bridge the Center and the Harvard and Resolution (PICAR) is committed to undergraduate community. In addition,the advancing the understanding of international Center offers travel grants to a number of and intergroup conflicts,and to developing undergraduates doing research for their interactive, problem-solving processes for senior honors theses. managing or resolving such conflicts. S t a f f Ethics and International Relations. A seminar Twenty - ei g ht individ uals comp rise the on ethics and international relations meets Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er staff. A core adm i n i s t rat ive regularly to discuss philosophical issues in st a f f overse es financial matters ,p u bl i c a ti on s , international affairs. conf erenc e orga n i z a ti on , person n el , and other Global Communication and International adm i n i s t rat ive issue s . In add i ti on , profes s i on a l Relations. Co-sponsored by the Program on and sup port staff ma n a g e the adm i n i s t rat ive Information Resources Policy, this seminar af f a i r s of ea ch Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er program . explores the impact of communication and information technology on global security and RESEARCH A C T I V I T I E S economic, political,and cultural relations. Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Res e a r ch is condu c ted Globalization and Culture. Participants in th ro u g h a wid e ran g e of activiti e s . In add i ti o n to the Globalization and Culture Seminar are the eig ht programs at the Cent er, num e rou s an interdisciplinary group of faculty, research topical and regio nal seminar series and worki n g associates, and graduate students. Seminars groups meet throu gh o u t the yea r . The Cent er addressed issues related to the apparent also spons o rs and co- s p ons o rs many conf erence s , emergence of global cultures. most of whi c h take place at Har vard . The International Environmental Affairs. This is Cent er’ s Ann ual Tall oi r es Conf erenc e takes place an interdisciplinary joint research seminar at the Tufts Conf erenc e Cent er in Tall oi re s , with the Belfer Center for Science and Fran ce . The Cent er also awa r ds facu l t y res e a r ch International Affairs. grants for travel and activit ies in conn e ctio n with individ ual proje cts . An overvie w of th e International Institutions. The Center 1997-98 res e a r ch activit ies foll o ws. sponsors the study group on Alliances as Security Institutions, which has continued Research Programs and Seminar Series preparing a volume, Security Institutions: The Center’s current research programs fall Effects and Dynamics, in collaboration into three broad categories — international with the Arbeitsstelle Trans-atlantische relations; regional studies; and prospects for Außen-und Sicherheitspolitik of the Free domestic peace, democracy, and markets. University of Berlin. In addition, research is conducted within National Security and Strategic Studies. the Fellows Program and the various Much of the work on national security at the student programs. Center is conducted under the auspices of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies,

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 5 which was created as an entity within the U.S.-Japan. The primary purpose of the Center in July 1989 with funds from the John Program on U.S.-Japan Relations is to bring M. Olin Foundation and the Lynde and Harry Japanese and U.S. researchers together to work Bradley Foundation. This program conducts on critical issues in relations between these two basic research on crucial topics of security countries. In the 1990s, much research and and strategy with a view to illuminating the discussion has focused on Japan’s expanding security problems facing the United States and international role in the fields of development, its allies. Regular seminars are held on national environmental protection, energy, and security. security and strategy and arms control; smaller In addition,the Center administers the seminar series are held on economics and Harvard Academy for International and Area national security, the Middle East,and civil- Studies. The Academy provides significant military relations. fell owship su pport to a small group of Transnational Security. Created in 1995, the exceptional young scholars who are able MacArthur Transnational Security Project is to combine disciplinary excellence in the jointly run by the Weatherhead Center and the social sciences with a strong regional focus Center for International Studies at MIT and of application. focuses on the theme of personal and group P RO S P E C TS FOR DOMESTIC PEAC E , security and transnational society. It consists D E M OC RAC Y, AND MARKETS of a Harvard-MIT interdisciplinary joint s em i n a r; Working Group I on “ Ex i t Communist and Postcommunist Countries. problem s” : Seces s i o n and Mig rati on , Hum a n A facu l t y seminar to examine how commu n i s t Ri ghts and Ref u gee s ; Working Group II on and pos t comm unist cou n t ries have res p ond ed In tern a ti onal Econ omic Sec u ri ty; and two to a set of similar ch a ll en ges to their predoctoral fell ows h i p s . po l i tical legi ti m ac y. U.S. Foreign Policy. Although not organized Eth n i c i t y and Nati on a l i s m . A cros s - d i s c i p l i n a r y into a formal research program, each year faculty group on ethnicity and nationalism many scholars at the Center examine issues meets regularly to study the rise, spread, concerning U.S. foreign policy and its and failures of nationalism. implications. The Center hosts a U.S. foreign International Conflict Analysis and policy seminar, as well as a seminar on Resolution. The Program on International communications technologies in foreign policy Conflict Analysis and Resolution works to and security issues, co-sponsored by the advance the understanding of international Program on Information Resources Policy. and interethnic conflicts and to develop problem-solving processes. R E G I O NAL STUDIES Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival. The Center sponsors seminar series on several The Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and regions and countries: Africa, Canada and Cultural Survival studies whether and to what U.S.-Canada relations, Latin America, the degree nonviolent sanctions can provide Middle East, and South Asia. effective substitutes for violence in resolving the problems of totalitarian rule,war, genocide, and oppression. Political Development. In the area of Graham Allison and Rusudan Gorgiladze comparative politics, the Center co-sponsors (See Fellows Program). with MIT the Joint Seminar on Political “Inter-American Dialogue: Cuba Today,” led Development (JOSPOD), which has been by Jorge Domínguez, John Coatsworth, and meeting regularly since 1963. Lillian Pubillones Nolan (see Special Political Economy. Four groups worked in the Conferences, Lectures, and Seminars). area of political economy during the 1997-98 “New Research Frontiers: Interdisciplinary academic year: an informal faculty discussion Perspectives on Global Affairs, ” Graduate group on political economy; a research group Student Associate Conference led by Marc on the “Political Economy of European Busch (see Student Programs). Integration”; a Workshop on the Political “Military Professionalization in Contemporary Economy of Reform in Developing Countries; Latin America: What Needs to be Done and and a Workshop on Comparative and How Might It Impact Democratic Politics,” International Political Economy. Special Workshop led by David Mares (see Performance of Democracies. The Seminar Special Conferences, Lectures, and Seminars). on the Performance of Democracies focuses “ Po l i tical Econ omy of Eu rope a n on both the challenges and problems of Integration,” research group conference existing democracies and the transition to led by Jeffry Frieden and Andrew Rose democracy.It consists of a seminar and ( s ee Pol i tical Eco n o my) . several predoctoral fellowships. “Strategy and National Security Conference,” C o n f e re n c e s John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies Thirteen conferences were sponsored or annual conference, led by Stephen P.Rosen co-sponsored by the Weatherhead Center (see Strategic Studies). during the 1997-98 academic year. “Thinking About the 21st Century,”dedicating “Conflict or Convergence: Global Perspectives the Weatherhead Center for International on War,Peace, and International Order,” Affairs, led by Jorge Domínguez (see Special Harvard Academy conference led by Samuel Conferences, Lectures, and Seminars). Huntington (see Harvard Academy). “Transatlantic Storms? U.S.-European “Constructing Peace In Guatemala: Relations after EMU,”Weatherhead Center Negotiating and Implementing the Peace annual conference,led by Sir Michael Accords,” led by John Coatsworth (see Palliser (s e e Spec ial Con f erence s , Lec ture s , Special Conferences, Lectures, and Seminars). and Semi n a r s). “E c ono mic and Monet a r y Uni o n in Eur ope: “Tran s n a ti o nalism and the Second Gene rati on , ” Imp l i c a ti o ns for Global Capital Mar kets , led by Peggy Levitt (see Special Conferences, Trade, and Inves tm en t , ” le d by Jeff r ey Lectures, and Seminars). Frie den (s e e Spec ial Con f erence s , Lec ture s , “Weatherhead Center Fellows Program Alumni and Semi n a r s). Reunion and Conference,” led by Steven “Future Prospects for the Eurasian Corridor,” Bloomfield (see Fellows Program). Fellows Program Special Conference led by

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 7 Tr avel and Research Grants Records for most of the We a t h erh e ad Eight faculty members received Weatherhead Cent er Libra ry ’s 10,000 vol umes and 100-plus Center travel or research grants for: journals are on HOLLIS (Harvard’s on-line Manuscript indexing support for Between Two public catalog). HOLLIS contains the records Nations: The Political Predicament of Latinos for most of Harvard’s libraries, providing in New York City —Michael Jones-Correa. access to millions of titles. Access to the database is available via the many HOLLIS Re s e a rch paper pre s en t a ti on — Mi ch ael terminals located throughout the library Jon e s - Corre a system, or from any home or office computer Mo rtal Fri en d s , Best En emies: Germ a n - equi p ped with a modem or tie d into Har vard ’ s Russian Coopera tion Af ter the Cold Wa r High Speed Data Network. It is also available — Cel e s te Wa ll a n der. to outside users with access to the Internet. Communal Conflict and the Structure of The Weatherhead Center Library facilitates Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India access to the Internet for the Center’s research —Ashutosh Varshney community. The Center has its own homepage Political Economy of EMU conference (h t tp : / / d a t a . f a s . h a r vard . e du/cfia) on the World — Jeffry Frieden. Wi de Web. This Web site inclu des links to Trade Warriors: States, Firms and Strategic programs within the Weatherhead Center and Trade Policy in High Technology Competition other Centers in Coolidge Hall (such as the — Marc Busch. Center for Middle Eastern Studies, the Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, the Changing Dynamics of Membership, Political Davis Center for Russian Research, and the Identity and Mobilization in the New Europe Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies) as —Yasemine Soysal. well as links to resources throughout Harvard, APA Conference, Metropolis Conference, and the United States,and the world that are of International Conference on Latin/Latino interest to the international relations research Cultures — Michael Jones-Correa. community. In addition, the site makes available the Center’s weekly calendar and L I B R A RY abstracts of Weatherhead Center working The Weatherhead Center for International papers. Lastly, there is now a library Web page Affairs Library supports the Center’s current which offers tips on searching, library policy res e a r ch needs , prim a ri l y throu g h the libra ry ’s information, and schedules and hours. journal collection, but also as an entrance The Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Librar y is loca t ed to the vast Ha rva rd libra ry sys tem . Th e in the basement of Coolidge Hall along with Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er librar ian works to direct the libraries of the Center for Middle East patrons to the most appropriate collections Studies, the Fairbank Center for East Asian at any of the more than ninety libraries at Re s e a rch , the Doc u m en t a ti on Cen ter for Harvard, as well as to libraries not affiliated Contemporary Japan, and the Davis Center with Harvard. for Russian Research. F I N A N C E S John M. Olin Foundation Susan Olzak C o n t r i b u t o r s Sir Michael Palliser The Center wishes to acknowledge the support Baron Karl B.F. von Pfetten-Arnback of all contributors. In addition to those listed Eduardo Quintero below, there are several donors who wish to Alec E. Reed remain anonymous. Smith Richardson Foundation Akiyama Aiseikan Julian Sobin Army Research Institute Jacobo Stempel Arthur Dubow Foundation Fritz Thyssen Stiftung Frank Boas Foundation, Inc. United States Department of Defense Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation United States Agency for Carnegie Corporation International Development Cecil Altmann United States Information Agency Maurice D. Copithorne United States Institute of Peace Charles Darwin Foundation Virtual Research Associates, Inc. Dillon Fund The Weatherhead Foundation, Richard W. Fisher led by Albert and Celia Weatherhead Fondation Bogette Forbes Inc. C o r p o r ate A s s o c i at e s Ford Foundation A number of corporations with international Harvard-Radcliffe International interests have found it useful to participate in Relations Council Center activities. The Center’s Corporate The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Associate Program exists to facilitate such Diego Hidalgo involvement. Corporate Associates have access Hermann Hillger to the full range of Center resources and The InterAmerican Dialogue activities, may nominate representatives to Robert G. James Center programs, are invited to Center dinners Sidney R. Knafel and other functions,are able to attend Center Ira Kukin workshops and conferences, and receive Center M. K. Sarwar Lateef publications free of charge. Some Corporate Herbert Levin Associates engage in the general activities Michael D.Manshel of the Center, while others prefer to focus John D. and Catherine T. on the work of particular programs in MacArthur Foundation accordance with their specialized geographical Yoshihoko Miwa or topical interests. The Honorable Moudud Ahmed Baring International Asset Paul H. Nitze Management Catisa North Shore Foundation DIN Deutsches Institut fuer Normung e.V. Northrop Grumman Foundation New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Occidental Oil and Gas Reed Executive, plc.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 9 FINANCIAL SUMMARY I N C O M E Endowment $ 1,219,766 Research Program Grants 2,197,851 Workshops, Corporate Associates, Seminars 127,360 Government Grants and Contracts 84,011 Fees/Publications Sales/Other 49,512 Total Income $ 3,678,500______E X P E N S E S Fellows Program $ 337,147 Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival 212,413 Program on U.S.-Japan Relations 298,476 Olin Institute 663,578 Program on Internation Conflict, Analysis, and Resolution 152,332 Canada Program 41,417 MacArthur Transnational Security Program 102,912 Thyssen Fellowship 47,578 Sawyer Program 2,701 Academy Scholars Program and Conference 473,212 Student Programs 48,865 Library 66,814 Publications 76,717 Visiting Scholars/Associates 31,011 Administration 605,109 Workshops, Conferences, and Seminars 85,741 Sponsored Research Programs 124,649 Center Funded Faculty Research Programs 205,510 Total Expenses $ 3,576,182______B A L A N C E $ 102,318 RESEARCH AND SEMINAR PROGRAMS

A F R I CA February 18 The Weatherhead Center fosters research on “Party Systems and Ethnic Cleavage Africa through its co-sponsorship with the Structures in Zambia,” Daniel Posner, Ha rva rd In s ti tute for In tern a ti on a l Department of Government and Harvard Development of the Weatherhead Center/HIID Academy for International and Area Enhanced Joint Seminar on Africa. The Studies, Harvard University. seminar brings scholars of Africa to Harvard to March 4 present papers on contemporary developments “Constraints on Sustained Development in the region’s economic and political affairs. in Africa,” Arthur Goldsmith, Visiting Meeting biweekly, the seminar attracts faculty, Scholar, HIID. students,and others interested in Africa from March 18 Harvard and the larger Boston area. “Is Africa on the Move?” Malcolm We atherhead Center/HIID Enhanced McPherson, Fellow, HIID. Joint Seminar on Africa April 1 Chairs: Robert Bates (fall), Malcolm “Nigeria and the Future of Military Rule McPherson, and Daniel Posner (spring). in West Africa,”Ambassador Walter October 1 Carrington, Visiting Scholar,W.E.B.Dubois “From Zaire to Congo: Political Change Institute, Harvard University. in Central Africa,” Crawford Young, April 15 Department of Political Science, University “Economic Growth in Africa,” Jeffrey Sachs, of Wisconsin-Madison. Department of Economics, Harvard October 15 University and Director, HIID. “Political Change in Uganda: Domestic April 29 Reform and International Intervention,” “Why Not Africa?” Richard Freeman, Nelson Kasfir, Department of Government, Department of Economics, Harvard Dartmouth College. University and David Lindauer, October 29 Department of Economics, “Trade Policy and Growth in Africa’s Wellesley College. Development,” Dani Rodrik, Kennedy We atherhead Center A f f i l i ates School of Government, Harvard University. Conducting Research on A f r i c a November 12 Robert Paarlberg “Adjustment to Investment: The Politics Dan Posner of Agriculture in Uganda,” Robert Richard Simeon Paarlberg, Department of Political Science, Wellesley College.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 1 1 CA N A DA AND Peacekeeping, Department of Foreign U. S . - CA N A DA RELAT I O N S Affairs and Trade. The Harvard Canada Seminar examines November 24 Canadian domestic and international “Ca n ada and Nu clear We a pon s ,” T. V. economic, political,and constitutional issues. Pa u l , Vi s i ting Sch o l a r,We a t h erh e ad Presentations were made by scholars, public Cen ter for In terna ti onal Af f a i rs , a n d figures and experts in various fields. The As s oc i a te Profe s s or of Po l i tical Scien ce , seminar attracted Canadians and Americans, Mc G i ll Un ivers i ty. including faculty, visiting scholars, students December 1 and people from the wider community. The “A Cru c i ble of G l obal Progre s s : a Canada Seminar provides Harvard faculty and Pra gm a tic Liberal and Ca n ad i a n students with a window on Canadian scholarly Pers pective on the UN Sys tem ,” Ma rk and public life. It facilitates the understanding Zach er, Profe s s or of Po l i tical Scien ce , of America’s closest ally and largest trading Un ivers i ty of Bri tish Co lu m bi a . partner. It also provides rich opportunities for February 23 scholars engaged in comparative studies “Canadian Premiers’ Initiative on National because Canada and the United States must Unity: The Calgary Declaration,” Hon. Roy respond to very similar sets of economic and Romanow, Q.C., Premier of Saskatchewan social challenges yet with quite distinct and Chair of the Provincial Premiers. institutional frameworks and historical March 9 legacies, and because Canada’s experience of “Why Canada Will Remain United,” deep linguistic and regional divisions and Hon.Stéphane Dion, President of the fundamental constitutional conflict has Queen’s Privy Council and Minister of important parallels with many other societies Intergovernmental Affairs. around the world. March 11 “The Pacific Salmon Treaty: the Canadian The seminar was chaired in the fall by Brian Perspective,” Hon. David Anderson, P.C., Mandell, Kennedy School of Government, and M.P., Minister of Fisheries and Oceans. in the spring by Richard Simeon, Mackenzie March 16 King Visiting Professor of Canadian Studies “Quebec and the Challenges Ahead,” and Professor of Government, Harvard Hon. Rita Dionne-Marsolais, Minister University, January-December 1998, and of Revenue, Quebec. Professor of Political Science and Law, March 30 University of Toronto. Panel: “Reflections on the Current September 29 Dynamics of the Unity Debate,” Professor “Canada and Global Competitiveness: David Cameron, Department of Political Recent Lessons from Ontario’s Experience,” Science, University of Toronto; Professor Hon.Ernie Eves, Deputy Premier and Guy Laforest, Département de sciences Minister of Finance,Ontario. politiques, Université Laval; Dr. Kent October 27 Weaver, Brookings Institution. “Peacekeeping in Flux: Views from Ottawa and Washington,” Paul Meyer, Director of April 20 of the interna ti o nal syst em. China is an emer gi n g “The Aboriginal Voice in the Canadian superpower and Russia is groping for a new Unity Debate,” Dr. Ted Moses, Cree international role. Ambassador to the United Nations. Har var d Uni versi t y has a stellar cast of fac u l t y Co-sponsored by the Harvard University who work on nearly all communist and post- Native American Program. communist countries as well as on virtually April 24 all the issues just noted . These fac u l ty are “Land Mines: Lesssons in Diplomacy,” associated with various departments and Hon.Lloyd Axworthy, P.C., M.P., Minister several research centers and institutes. Though of Foreign Affairs, Canada. Co-sponsored many knew each other casually, they rarely by the Kennedy School of Government. had the opportunity to exchange views on We atherhead Center A f f i l i ates scholarly matters of common concern. Thus, Conducting Research on Canada and an all-faculty seminar on communist and U.S.-Canada Relat i o n s postcommunist countries met four times on Peter Hall Tuesday afternoons during 1997-98 under the Alan Henrikson Weatherhead Center’s sponsorship. Each Michel Petite session was deliberately comparative seeking to Richard Simeon engage these scholars in thinking about themes that cut across various countries. In this COMMUNIST AND POSTCOMMUNIST fashion,the seminar harnessed the scholarly COUNTRIES SEMINAR depth of the study of specific areas through From the 1970s to the 1990s, the countries comparative analysis. of the world that had communist political September 30 systems faced certain similar challenges and “Labor Conditions and Worker Militancy in responded to them in remarkably different China and Cuba,” Jorge I.Domínguez and ways. In the 1980s, all communist party Elizabeth Perry. leaderships confronted challenges to the October 28 political legitimacy of their rule; by the “Civil Society in Russia and Eastern beginning of the 1990s, communist regimes Europe,” Timothy Colton and survived only in Cuba and East Asia. In Grzegorz Ekiert. the 1990s, nearly all communist and November 25 postcommunist countries confront crises of “The ‘Southernization’ of Vietnam,” Hue- identity. In much of formerly communist Tam Ho-Tai, and “Neophyte Communists Europe and the former Soviet Union,this takes in a Post- Communist World: Hong Kong the form of ethnic conflict, which has at times New Territories, 1997,” James Watson. led to warfare, but such issues also arise where April 7 formerly separate territories amalgamated: the “Economic Issues in Communist and Germanies, Hong Kong and China. The Postcommunist Countries,” Jeffrey Sachs. communist and postcommunist worlds, in turn, pose stunning challenges in the redesign

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 1 3 We atherhead Center Fellows; and Celeste Wallander, Associate A f f i l i ates Conducting Professor of Government. R e s e a rch on Communist and February 9 Postcommunist Countries “International Negotiation: What are the Liliana Botcheva Ingredients for Success?” Desmond Bowen, Tim Colton Michel Petite, and Glenn Weidner, Fellows. Jorge I. Domínguez March 12 Grzegorz Ekiert “Perspectives on East Asian Security,” Ann Marie Leshkowich Takeshi Odahara, U.S.-Japan Associate; Elizabeth Perry and Spike Prendergast and Shao Jeffrey Sachs Wenguang, Fellows. Oxana Shevel April 13 Joshua Tucker “Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics: James Watson Comparative Case Studies,” Marc Lortie and Maurizio Massari, Fellows. D I R E C TOR’S SEMINAR Jorge I. Domínguez, director of the ETHICS AND Weatherhead Center, led these monthly I N T E R N ATIONAL RELAT I O N S sessions on subjects of current importance in Since its inception six years ago, the Seminar international affairs.A tradition of the Center, on Ethics and International Relations has these informal roundtable discussions are provided a forum for scholars to explore a initiated by Fellows who use their professional broad range of ethical issues with relevance to experience as points of departure to contribute international relations. The seminar entertains their thoughts on the issues at hand. The two types of lectures. Some speakers address seminars are of benefit to all members of the international ethics from a philosophical Center and to other interested individuals perspective, applying moral and political from the university community. theory to problems such as humanitarian October 20 intervention,self-determination, and human “Landmines,” Ki-Ho Chang, Glenn rights. Other speakers take a more scientific Weidner, and Geir Westgaard, Fellows. approach,asking whether ethical ideas and November 17 norms affect the behavior of states and “U.S. Power and Leadership: The nonstate actors. The seminars were well Challenges of Unipolarity,” Johannes attended and generated an ongoing dialogue Preisinger, Fellow; and Eric Yesson, among international relations scholars from Lecturer on Government. the Weatherhead Center, the Government December 15 Department,and the Philosophy Department, “An Assessment of Russian Foreign Policy and among the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Toward Other Former Soviet Republics,” the Kennedy School of Government, the Mikael Dahl, Rusudan Gorgiladze, Divinity School,and other universities in Maurizio Massari, and Geir Westgaard, the Boston area. Seminar on Ethics and Major General William Nash, Former I n t e rn ational Relat i o n s Commander of the American Peacekeeping October 24 Troops in Bosnia. “From Just War to Virtual War:An Ethical We atherhead Center A f f i l i ates Lag?” James Der Derian, Professor of Conducting Research on Ethics and Political Science, University of I n t e rn ational Relat i o n s Massachusetts, Amherst. Gary Jonathan Bass November 19 J. Bryan Hehir “The Return of the Citizen in Stanley Hoffmann Contemporary European Debates,” Herbert Kelman Seyla Benhabib, Professor of Louise Richardson Government, Harvard University. Jennifer Schirmer December 10 Debora Spar “Benign Relativism,” Thomas Scanlon, Michael Tomz Professor of Philosophy, Glenn Weidner Harvard University. February 19 F E L L OWS PRO G R A M “The Argument About Military The 1997-98 Fellows were a valued presence at Intervention,” Michael Walzer, the Weatherhead Center. This academic year, Institute for Advanced Study. the program’s 40th, gathered international- March 4 affairs practitioners from Burkina Faso, the “But Is It Socialization? International Republic of Georgia, Greece,the Federal Institutions and Foreign Policy,” Iain Republic of Nigeria, the People’s Republic of Johnston, Associate Professor of China, Vietnam,and ten other countries to Government, Harvard University. join the Weatherhead Center and the wider March 11 Harvard community for sustained intellectual “Democratic Boundaries and Ethnic dialogue and independent academic research. Diversity: Remapping Political Autonomy The class of thirteen diplomats, two civil and Differentiated Citizenship in Latin servants,three military officers, one politician America,” Deborah Yashar, Professor and one political advisor brought with them a of Government and Social Studies, diversity of interests, backgrounds,and Harvard University. perspectives, producing a unique and dynamic April 1 interaction within and beyond the group. “Women/Gender and International This dynamism fostered explorations of a wide Relations 10 Years On: To Return as a range of subjects such as the formation of Woman and be Heard,” Marysia Zalewski, national foreign-policy grand strategies, Asia Professor of International Politics, The Pacific security, the nature of U.S.international University of Wales at Aberystwyth. leadership, contemporary trade regimes, and May 6 the changing priorities and values of Russian “Peacekeeping,Ethnic Conflict,and Bosnia: foreign policy. Considerations of a Military Commander,”

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 1 5 While on campus,the Fellows participated university and participate in some of the in the life of the university in various and ongoing seminar series, for example, the productive ways: speaking at seminars, Middle East Seminar, the Latin America providing guest lectures in courses of Seminar at the David Rockefeller Center for instruction, serving as informal thesis and Latin American Studies,the Asia Center’s dissertation advisers, and carrying out their Modern Asia Seminar, and the Program on own research. They also interacted informally Information Resources Policy Seminar. with faculty, students,other extra-academic Moreover, the conference featured seminars practitioners,and each other. Fellows were by the Fellows as well, drawing on their engaged in the work of such Harvard impressive talents and experiences, which institutions as the Belfer Center for Science examined such topics as new challenges to and International Affairs, the David international security, democracy and Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, development in Latin America, human rights the Davis Center for Russian Research, the standards,and the role of multilateralism in Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, the international affairs. Institute of Politics of the John F. Kennedy The generosity of the Canadian and U.S. School of Government,and the Minda de governments provided the Fellows with the Gunzburg Center for European Studies. opportunity to travel to a number of North The Fellows also contributed to academic American cities to examine issues facing both d i s co u rse at a nu m ber of o t h er loc a l nations. In August,the group had a series of in s ti t uti on s ,i n cluding Bab s o n Coll e ge, Bent l e y briefings in Ottawa, Québec City, Calgary, College, Boston University, the Fletcher School Va n co uver, and Vi ctori a , ex p l oring issu e s of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and ranging from Canadian constitutional the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. a rra n gem ents to intern a ti onal trade Several of the Fellows presented seminars in agreements and resource-management policy. association with the New Hampshire Council Late January found the group in Washington, on World Affairs and provided educational D.C., with visits to U.S. government officials opportunities to young students at the from the National Security Council and the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School and Department of Commerce. The study tour through the World Affairs Council of Boston. continued to Houston with visits to the They also visited the Boston Globe for a Holman Street Baptist Church, the Menil dialogue with editors and writers. Collection, Compaq Computer, and the A second bi-annual gathering of former Johnson Space Center, and to St. Louis, Fellows in November around a conference and which included briefings with the Monsanto reunion brought members of the Program Corporation, Boeing, and the Center for together from around the world to renew their the Study of American Business at ties with the Center and its faculty, and to Washington University. rekindle relationships among Fellows old and With financial sponsorship and/or new. Organized as a day in the life of the programming assistance from the Korea Center, the conference gave Fellows the Foundation, the Hong Kong Special opportunity both to attend classes around the Administrative Region and the Asia Foundation, and the Institute for International September 26 Relations of the Vietnamese Ministry of “The Phenomenon of Multiculturalism Foreign Affairs, the Fellows visited Seoul, Hong in American Society,” Nathan Glazer, Kong, and Hanoi during the second half of Professor of Education and Social May. Discussions with government officials in Structure, Emeritus, Harvard Graduate each of those cities centered on such issues as School of Education, and author of the Asian financial crisis, the role of We are All Multiculturalists Now. democratization in development, regional East October 3 Asian security and institution building, and “Current Issues Facing the Democratic the opening of trade barriers. Party in the United States,” Michael Numerous events during the year, both on Dukakis, former Governor of and off campus, provided the Fellows with Massachusetts, former Presidential opportunities to meet such distinguished candidate (1988) of the Democratic Party; leaders as Martti Ahtisaari, the president of and Professor of Political Science, Finland; Nguyen Manh Cam,the deputy prime Northeastern University. minister and foreign minister of Vietnam; Sir October 10 Leon Brittan, vice president of the European “Congress and the Conservative Agenda,” Commission and commissioner of the Mickey Edwards, Lecturer in Public Policy, European Union for relations with Japan, the Kennedy School of Government,and United States, and industrialized nations; Ma former Republican Congressman Yu-zhen, the commissioner of the Ministry of representing Oklahoma. Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of October 17 China in the Hong Kong Special “Loose Nukes in Russia: What is to be Administrative Region; Leon Fuerth, assistant Done?” Graham Allison, Director, Belfer to the vice president of the United States for Center for Science and International national security affairs; the mayors of Affairs and Douglas Dillon Professor Montréal and Québec City, Pierre Bourque of Government, Kennedy School and Jean-Paul L’Allier, respectively; Martin Lee, of Government. chairman of the Hong Kong Democratic Party; October 24 Tansu Çiller, the former prime minister of “A Storm in Prospect? The Troubled Turkey; Michael S. Dukakis, former governor Prospects of Multinational Institutions,” of Massachusetts and former democratic Raymond Vernon, Clarence Dillon candidate for the U.S. presidency; and Robert Professor of International Affairs, Emeritus, Reich, former U.S. secretary of labor. Harvard University, and former Director, Center for International Affairs. Fe l l ow s ’ Fr i d ay Lunch Seminars 1997-98 November 7 Chair: Steven B.Bloomfield “The Current Situation in Sri Lanka,” September 19 Milinda Moragoda, Weatherhead Center “Planning the Fellows’ Year,” Steven Fellow 1994-95, former Special Adviser to Bloomfield, Director. the Prime Minister and Minister of Industries, Science and Technology,

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 1 7 Colombo, Sri Lanka; and Chairman, February 27 Mountain Hawk Holdings, Ltd. “The Economics and Politics of European November 14 Monetary Union,” Martin Feldstein, “All Men Are Created Equal?” Pauline President and CEO,National Bureau of Maier, William R. Kenan,Jr. Professor of Economic Research, and Professor of History, MIT, and author of American Economics, Harvard University. Scripture: Making the Declaration of March 6 Independence. “The American Model and the Social December 12 Contract,” Robert Reich, former U. S. “Civilian-Military Relations in the U.S. at Secretary of Labor, and Maurice B. Hexter the end of the 20th Century,” James Carroll, Professor of Social and Economic Policy, Fellow, The Center for the Study of Values Brandeis University. in Public Life, Harvard Divinity School; March 13 columnist, The Boston Globe; and author of “Rogue States,” Noam Chomsky, Institute An American Requiem: God, My Father, and Professor and Professor of Linguistics, MIT. The War That Came Between Us. March 20 January 30 “Rapid Industrialization in China: “Revolutionary Behavior in History: Birth Implications for the Regional and Global Order, Family Dynamics & Creative Lives,” Environment,” Michael McElroy, L.A. Frank Sulloway, Research Scholar, MIT; Gilbert Butler Professor of Environmental author of Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Studies, Harvard University. Dynamics, and Creative Lives. April 24 February 6 “The Political Economy of Development,” “U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post Cold David Deese, Visiting Scholar,Weatherhead War Era: Searching for a Voice,” Richard Center for International Affairs, and Nuccio, Visiting Scholar,Weatherhead Profes s o r of Pol i t ical Science , Bos t on Coll e ge. Center for International Affairs; former May 1 Senior Policy Advisor, Office of the “Turkish-EU Relations,” Tansu Çiller, Assistant Secretary for Inter-American former Prime Minister of Turkey. Affairs, U.S. Department of State. February 13 Fe l l ow s ’ Special Seminars 1997-98 “Russia Today & Tomorrow,” Richard October 15 Pipes, Professor of History, Emeritus, “Toward a Global International System in Harvard University. the 21st Century,” Martti Ahtisaari, February 20 President of the Republic of Finland. “Why Is Religion Playing an Increasing November 6 Role in International Affairs?” Samuel “The Middle East at the Crossroads Huntington, Director, Olin Institute for between Hope and Frustration,” His Strategic Studies, Weatherhead Center for Excellency Ahmed Maher El Sayed, International Affairs; Albert J.Weatherhead Ambassador of the Arab Republic of Egypt III University Professor, Harvard University; to the United States (co-sponsored with and author of The Clash of Civilizations. the Middle East Seminar). December 4 November 12 Program on International Conflict Analysis “The Odd Couple: Britain and France in & Resolution (PICAR) Workshop Led by: the New Europe,” Lionel Barber, European Donna Hicks, Deputy Director, PICAR; Union Correspondent (Brussels Bureau Herb Kelman, Director, PICAR; Pamela Chief), The Financial Times, and Philippe Steiner, Associate, PICAR; and Margaret Lemaître, European Union and NATO Smith, Associate, PICAR. Correspondent,Le Monde. February 25 December 11 “The Power of Mindful Learning,” Ellen “Equal to the Challenge? Europe 1998,” Langer, Professor of Psychology, Harvard Erkki Liikanen, Finnish member of the University, and author of Mindfulness and European Commission. The Power of Mindful Learning. March 18 Special Seminar Series: Visions for “Europe: The New Tiger? The Shape of E u ropean Gove rnance Tomorrow’s Global Economy,” Sir Leon A seminar series created and organized by Brittan, Vice President of the European Renée Haferkamp, Fellow 1993-94, to explore Commission and Commissioner of the current issues of concern for the future of the European Union for Relations with Japan, European Union. the Uni t ed States , and Indu s t ria l i z ed Nati on s . Chairs: Steven Bloomfield, Renée Haferkamp, We atherhead Center Fe l l ows Prog r a m and Charles Maier Alumni Reunion and Confere n c e November 20-21, 1997 Co-sponsors: Weatherhead Center for Coolidge Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts International Affairs,the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, and the John F. November 20 Kennedy School of Government Wel come and opening rem a rk s: Jorge I. D om í n g u e z , Di rector, We a t h erh e ad September 30 Cen ter for In tern a ti onal Af f a i rs , a n d “Cin d erella Coming to the Bal l? The New Look Cl a ren ce Di ll on Profe s s or of In tern a ti on a l of Eur ope, ”Da vid Will i a m s on , Gen e ral Af f a i rs ; In trodu cti o n: S teven B. Secr eta r y of the Eur opean Comm i s s i on . Bl oom f i el d , Di rector, Fell ows Progra m , October 15 We a t h erh e ad Cen ter for In tern a ti on a l “Europe After Amsterdam,” Baron Philippe Af f a i rs ; Spe a ker: “How to Think Abo ut de Schoutheete de Tervarent, Permanent In tegra ting China into the World Order,” Representative to the EU from Belgium. Ri ch a rd N. Cooper, Ma u rits C. Boa s October 30 Profe s s or of In tern a ti onal Econ om i c s. “The European Union’s Agenda 2000: Focus on Enlargement and Foreign Policy,” Novem ber 21 Günter Burghardt, Director-General, DG Concurrent Session I for External Relations: Europe and the New New Challenges to International Security Independent States, Common Foreign and Speakers: Clayton E. McManaway, Jr., Vice Security Policy and External Service. President for International Operations, The Fairfax Group, Ltd., Fellow 1970-71;

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 1 9 Thomas M. Molino (Colonel,USA ret.), The Political Economy of Growth and Senior Strategic Analyst, Science Reform: Recent Developments in Sub- Applications International Corporation, Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia Fellow 1994-95; Olivier Russbach, Director, Speakers: Zéphirin Diabré, former Droit International 90, Fellow 1982-83. Chairman, Council for Economic and Democracy and Development in Latin Social Affairs, Burkina Faso, Fellow America 1997-98; Mohammad Sadli, Professor of Speakers: Eduardo Albertal, Director, Economics, Emeritus,University of Society for International Development, Indonesia, Fellow 1963-64. Fellow 1972-73; Gonzalo Biggs, Partner, Concurrent Session III Figueroa y Valenzuela, Fellow 1985-86; Security in the Pacific (Harvard University Peter Landelius, Ambassador of Sweden in Asia Center’s Modern Asia Seminar Series) Buenos Aires, Fellow 1989-90. Chair: Ezra F. Vogel, Director, Harvard The Role of Multilateralism in University Asia Center and Henry Ford II International Affairs Professor of the Social Sciences. Moderator: Alan Henrikson, Director, Speaker: Richard Armitage, former Fletcher Roundtable on a New World Ambassador and President, Armitage Order, and Associate Professor of Associates. Diplomatic History, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. The Global Expansion of the Internetworking Services (Program on Information Resources Speakers: Larry M. Forster, Colonel, USA, Policy Seminar Series) Director, U.S. Army Peacekeeping Institute, Chair: Anthony G. Oettinger, Fellow 1995-96; Kamalesh Sharma, Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Permanent Representative of India to the Mathematics and Professor of Information United Nations, Fellow 1984-85. Resources Policy. Concurrent Session II Speaker: Peter Thonis, Vice President, European Security After the Madrid Summit Corporate Communication, GTE Speakers: Edward B.Atkeson (General, Internetworking. USA ret.), Consultant on National Security Concurrent Session IV Affairs, Fellow 1973-74; Katarina Engberg, Advisor, Swedish Ministry of Defense, Combating Nuclear Terrorism Fellow 1986-87. Speaker: Graham Allison,Douglas Dillon Human Rights Standards, East and West Professor of Government, and Director, Speakers: Maurice D. Copithorne, Associate Belf er Cent er for Scienc e and Int erna ti on a l Counsel, Ladner Downs, Barristers & Affairs, Kennedy School of Government. Solicitors, Fellow 1974-75; Abdullah Ahmad, Special Envoy of Malaysia to the United Nations, Fellow 1984-85. The Rise and Fall of the Bhutto Charisma Opening Remarks: (South Asia Seminar Series) Rus udan Gorgil ad ze , Fello w, Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Chair: Devesh Kapur, Associate Professor for Int erna ti o nal Aff a i rs , and Chi e f Advis o r to of Government. Pres i d ent Edua r d Shevard n ad z e of Ge orgi a . Speaker: Ijaz Gilani, Director, Pakistan Session 1: Development and General Institute of Public Opinion, Islamabad. Significance of the Eurasian Corridor Post-Cold War Uses of Force:A Political- Mode rato r : Fio na Hill , Ass oc i a t e Dir ector, Ethical Assessment St reng t h e ning Democ ra t ic Ins ti t utio ns Proje ct, Speaker: J. Bryan Hehir, Professor of the Belf er Cent er for Scienc e and Int erna ti on a l Practice in Religion and Society, Harvard Aff a i rs , Kenn e dy Scho ol of Go vernm en t . Divinity School. Pres ent ers: H. E . Tedo Jap a ri d ze , Amb a s s a dor Final Plenary Session of Ge org ia to the Uni t ed States , Can ad a , Speakers: Jorge I. Domínguez, Director, and Mexi co ; H. E . Rou b en Shuga ri a n , Weatherhead Center for International Amb a s s a dor of Arme nia to the Uni t ed States ; Affairs, and Clarence Dillon Professor of Dan Enache , Ec ono mic Cou n s e llo r, Int erna ti o nal Aff a i rs ; St even B. Blo omf i el d , Consu l a t e of Romania to New York. Director, Fellows Program, Weatherhead Session 2: Impact of the Corridor on Regional Center for International Affairs. Security—including Regional Conflicts Fe l l ow s ’ Special Confere n c e Moderator: Roger Fisher, Samuel Willston F u t u re Prospects for the Professor of Law, Emeritus,Harvard Eurasian Corridor Law School. April 23, 1998 Presenters: Derek Boothby, Director for Taubman Conference Center, Kennedy School Europe, United Nations; Allen Collinworth, of Government Cambridge, Massachusetts Special Assistant to the President for Chairs: Graham Allison and Central Asia, Institute for East West Studies; Rusudan Gorgiladze Galib Mammad, U.S.-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce. Co-sponsors: Strengthening Democratic Institutions Project of the Belfer Center for Discussants: Robin Bhatty, Columbia Science and International Affairs, Fellows University; Ruud Lubbers, former Prime Program of the Weatherhead Center for Minister of the Netherlands; Pauline Jones International Affairs,and the Conflict Luong, Academy Scholar,Harvard Management Group. Uni versi t y; Arth ur Mar tiro s ya n , Seni o r Program Man a g er, Conf l i c t Man a g emen t Welcome and Introduction: Grou p ; Car ol Saivetz , Execu tive Dir ector, Graham Allison, Douglas Dillon Professor Ame rican Ass oc i a ti o n for the Advan c emen t of Government, Kennedy School of of Sla vic Stu d i e s ,D avis Cent er for Rus s i a n Government,and Director, Belfer Center Stu d i e s ; Ge la Sul i ka s h vil i , Man a gi n g for Science and International Affairs, Kennedy Dir ector, E m er ging Ma rkets Con su l ti n g. School of Government.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 2 1 Session 3: Impact of the Corridor on Eurasian Affairs, Eurasia-Pacific Democratization of States Services/SAIC; Elizabeth Zaldastani Napier, Moderator: Michael Ochs, Staff Advisor, Vice-President, America-Georgia Business Helsinki Commission, U.S. Congress. Development Council; Irakli Rukhadze, Presenters: Tamar Hajian, Vice President Chief Operating Officer, Caucasus Fund; and General Counsel, Brandeis University; Izabella Tabarovsky, Research Associate, Jayhun Molla-Zade, Caspian Crossroads Cambridge Energy Associates; Mamuka Magazine, U.S.-Azerbaijan Council. Tsereteli, Economic Counsellor, Embassy of Georgia, Washington, DC. Discussants: Nicholas Daniloff, Director, School of Journalism, Northeastern Fe l l ow s ’ R e s e a rch Papers 1997-98 University; Henry Hale, Adjunct Assistant Desmond Bowen Professor of International Politics, Fletcher “Something Must be Done: School of Law and Diplomacy, Davis Center Military Interventionism.” for Russian Studies; Irakli Z. Kakabadze, Chang Ki-Ho Coordinator of Caucasus Program, “The United States Security Strategy in the National Peace Foundation; Daniel Kunin, East Asia Region: Present and Future.” Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy; Cory Welt, Ph.D. candidate, Department of Zéphirin Diabré Political Science,MIT. “The Political Economy of Structural Adjustment in Burkina Faso.” Session 4: Impact of the Corridor on State and Jean-René Gehan Regional Economic Development “Between States and the Union: Foreign Moderator: Graham Allison, Douglas Dillon Policy Caught in the Middle.” Professor of Government, Kennedy School of Government, and Director, Belfer Center Rusudan Gorgiladze for Science and International Affairs, “Future Prospects for the Eurasian Kennedy School of Government. Corridor.” (conference proceedings) Presenters: Peter Aldrich, Chairman and Cao Tran Quoc Hai CEO, AEW International; Andrew “The World Trade Organization and the Apostolou, Consultant,St. Antony’s Accession of Vietnam.” College, Oxford & The Economist Jan-Marc Jouas Intelligence Unit; Thomas DiBenedetto, “No Fly Zones: Linchpin of Strategic President, Junction Investors; George Cabot Containment.” Lodge, Jaime and Josephina Chua Tiampo Jaiyeola Lewu Professor of Business Administration, “Nigeria-Japan Relations: Trade, Investment Emeritus,Harvard Business School. & Overseas Development Assistance.” Discussants: Steven Anlian, USAID Advisor Marc Lortie to the Government of the Republic of “Canada’s Policy vis-a-vis the Armenia; George Appling, Harvard Americas Entering the New Century: Business School; Glen Howard, Analyst for “No Tenga Miedo.” Patricia Lortie Fe l l ows 1997-98 “The Role of NGO’s in Desmond Bowen, United Kingdom International Environmental Issues: Chang Ki-Ho, Republic of Korea A Canadian Perspective.” Mikael Dahl, Sweden Maurizio Massari Zéphirin Diabré, Burkina Faso “Russia and Europe After the Cold War: Jean-René Gehan, France The Unfinished Agenda.” Rusudan Gorgiladze, Republic of Georgia Cao Tran Quoc Hai, Socialist Republic Yoichi Otabe of Vietnam “On Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation.” Jan-Marc Jouas, United States Constantine Papadopoulos Jaiyeola Lewu, Nigeria “European Monetary Union: The Rising Marc Lortie, Canada Challenge to the Dollar — A European Patricia Lortie, Canada Perspective on American Scepticism about Maurizio Massari, Italy Monetary Union.” Yoichi Otabe, Japan Michel Petite Constantine Papadopoulos, Greece “Fair Weather on Article 189A of the Michel Petite, France European Union Treaty.” Johannes Preisinger, Germany Johannes Preisinger Timothy Prendergast, United States “Identity and National Interests: The Shao Wenguang, People’s Republic of China Conundrum of a New World Order.” Glenn Weidner, United States Geir Westgaard, Norway Spike Prendergast “Uncase the Colors: An Examination GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS A N D of the Military Ramifications of the I N T E R N ATIONAL RELAT I O N S Emergence of Newly Independent States: The Case of Québec.” Co-sponsored by the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs and the Program Shao Wenguang on Information Resources Policy, this seminar “China: Reforms and Globalization.” explored the impact of global communications Glenn R. Weidner on international relations. It focused “Overcoming the Power Gap: particularly on the impact of communications Reorienting the Interamerican System and information technologies on the struggles for Hemispheric Security.” for power, peace, development, and democracy Geir Westgaard in the four arenas of global security, and “Understanding Russian Foreign Policy.” economic, political, and cultural relations.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 2 3 Seminar on Global Communicat i o n s The Academy provides significant fellowship and Intern ational Relat i o n s support to a small group of young scholars Chair: Roc Myers who combine excellence in a social science November 3 discipline with a strong regional focus of “The Changing Face of NATO,” application. The Academy’s premise is that Klaus Dieter Reichardt (CDU), society needs individuals who combine Member, German Bundestag. thorough disciplinary and area specializations. Those selected as Academy Scholars work for November 21 two years conducting either dissertation or “Global Expansion of Internetworking postdoctoral research in their chosen fields Services,” Peter Thonis, Vice President and regions. They are provided with time, of Corporate Communications, guidance,financial assistance, and access to GTE Internetworking. Harvard’s facilities to help them achieve their November 24 academic potential. During the course of their The International Role of the National fellowship each Academy Scholar gives a Communications System (NCS), D. Diane presentation of their work to their colleagues Fountaine, Deputy Manager, National and the Senior Scholars and other interested Communication System. faculty. They also participate in the Academy’s December 1 monthly seminar series on Globalization “The Internet and Global Relations,” and Culture. Donald Heath, President/CEO,The The Senior Scholars, a distinguished group Internet Society (ISOC). of senior members of Harvard’s faculty, act as We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s mentors to the Academy Scholars. They also Conducting Research on serve as the Academy’s oversight committee Global Communications and select new Academy Scholars. Samuel P. and Intern ational Relat i o n s Huntington, Albert J.Weatherhead III Debora Spar University Professor, continued as chair of the Uwe Jun Academy for 1997-98. Chester D.Haskell continued as Executive Secretary of the H A RVARD A CADEMY FOR Academy, Ashutosh Varshney acted as the I N T E R N ATIONAL AND Academic Coordinator and Faculty Associate, AREA STUDIES and Beth Hastie was the Program Coordinator. Founded in 1986, the Harvard Academy Senior A c a d e my Scholars for International and Area Studies is an Robert H. Bates, Eaton Professor of the autonomous entity within the Weatherhead Science of Government. Center. Initially endowed by a gift from Dr. Ira Kukin, the Academy has also received John Coatsworth, Monroe Gutman Professor supporting grants from the John D. and of Latin American Affairs, and Director, Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation,the Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. Pew Charitable Trusts,and the Andrew Mellon Foundation. Timothy J.Colton, Morris and Anna workshop on ethnicity organized by the Davis Feldberg Professor of Government and Russian Center for Russian Research’s National Studies and Director of the Davis Center for Resource Center for Russian,East European Russian Research. and Central Asian Studies. Samuel P.Huntington, Albert J.Weatherhead Oleg Kharkhordin: In the fall he signed a III University Professor, and Director, Olin contract with UC Press for the publication of Institute for Strategic Studies, Weatherhead his book, The Collective and the Individual in Center for International Affairs. Russia: A Study of Practices, forthcoming in Roderick MacFarquhar, Leroy B.Williams January 1999. Professor of History and Political Science. Oleg spent the fall semester in Cambridge Edward Roger Owen, A.J. Meyer Professor of making final revisions to the manuscript. Middle East History and Director of the In the spring he took a position as associate Center for Middle Eastern Studies. professor at the Faculty of Political Science and Sociology at the European University at Susan Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer Professor St. Petersburg (EUSP,Russia) and serves as of Japanese Politics, and Director, Program on Director of EUSP’s International MA in U.S.-Japan Relations, Weatherhead Center for Russian Politics and Society. Oleg also won a International Affairs. competition for the First Annual Europe-Asia 1997-98 A c a d e my Scholars Studies lecture; delivered in the International Audrey Helfant Budding Daniel Posner Institute of Social History (Amsterdam) and at Oleg Kharkhordin Richard Snyder the University of Glasgow in April 1998. Topic: Pauline Jones Luong Nader Sohrabi “Civil Society and Orthodox Christianity.” Michael Montesano Kellee Tsai Pauline Jones Luong began the 1997-1998 Maria Victoria Murillo Steven Wilkinson academic year by defending her dissertation, Saadia Pekkanen entitled “Ethno-politics and Institutional Design: Explaining the Establishment of 1997-98 A c a d e my Scholar R e s e a rch To p i c s Electoral Systems in Post-Soviet Central Asia.” She then spent the bulk of the fall semester Audrey Helfant Budding completed her conducting the second phase of research on a dissertation, “Serb Intellectuals and the new project examining energy development National Question,1961 — 1991,” in January. strategies in the energy-rich Central Asian In March she received her Ph.D. from the states (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and History Department, Harvard University. She Uzbekistan) and their implications for is now revising the manuscript for publication, domestic politics and international relations and, more broadly, pursuing her research in the region. Pauline traveled to all three interests dealing with the intersection of countries in November and December, where communism and nationalism. In the past year, she conducted interviews with domestic and besides giving a few talks within Harvard,she international actors involved in the served as a panelist on NPR’s “Talk of the development of the energy sector. Based on Nation” for a show on Kosovo. Finally, in late this research, she presented a paper at the June she spoke on the Yugoslav conflict at a International Studies Association (ISA) annual

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 2 5 meeting entitled “Energizing the Post-Soviet which was the survival of historical patterns of State: Energy Development Strategies in commercial banking in the wake of the Central Asia and Prospects for Democracy”in economic difficulties that overtook the region March 1998, and subsequently submitted it as from July 1997. an article for publication to International M.Victoria Murillo spent the summer and Organization. In the fall, she also participated fall researching the policies of regulation on in an organized roundtable on state-building electricity and telecommunications in in Central Asia at the annual American Argentina and Chile. Her research included a Association for the Advancement of Slavic trip to Argentina where she presented her Studies (AAASS) conference. During the work and published articles in Desarrollo spring semester, Pauline shifted her focus back Economico and Revista Argentina de Ciencia to her completed dissertation. She wrote Politica.In the spring she started as an assistant several drafts of an article which refined and professor in the Political Science Department summarized the main argument made in the at Yale University and finished a book dissertation, entitled “After the Break-up: manuscript on unions and market reforms Institutional Design in Transitional States,” in Argentina, Mexico, and Venezuela. and submitted it to World Politics. She also Saadia Pekkanen revised her dissertation, completed the bulk of revisions necessary to entitled “Picking Winners? TIPs from Postwar transform her dissertation into a publishable Japan,” and submitted it to a university press. manuscript. Pauline was hired as assistant She also completed two articles entitled professor in the Department of Political “Getting Deselection Right: A TIP on Science at Yale University where she will be Industrial Strategies from Postwar Japan” and for two years before returning to the Academy “Bilateralism and the Nature of the Good”, for the second year of her fellowship. both of which are under review at journals. Michael Montesano completed revision of his She is presently working on an article entitled Cornell University dissertation in modern “International Law as National Power: Japan Southeast Asian history, “The Commerce of and the WTO” as well as her second book Trang, 1930s-1990s: Thailand’s National project entitled Rules for All: Sovereign Trade Integration in Social-Historical Perspective.” In Disputes and the WTO. She gave talks on June,some three weeks after the resignation of Japan’s industrial strategy at the Institute for Indonesia’s President Suharto, he delivered a East Asian Studies at Columbia University, as lecture on the topic “Southeast Asia: Not well as two talks on US-Japan trade at the Losing the Continuity for the Change” at Toyota Institute for International Economic the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, Studies in Tokyo. She will take up an assistant United States Pacific Command, Honolulu. professorship at Middlebury College in Montesano also devoted an important share of Vermont in September 1998. his time in the 1997-1998 year to deepening Daniel Posner completed his doctoral his knowledge of the modern economic and dissertation “The Institutional Origins of social history of Iberia and Ibero-America. In Ethnic Politics in Zambia,” and gave seminar late summer 1998,he made a short research presentations at Harvard University, Smith trip to Southeast Asia,the principal focus of College, Duke University, University of Michigan, University of Rochester, University Nader Sohrabi conducted last phases of Minnesota, and University of California, Los of research and writing on two articles, Angeles; in addition he revised a book chapter “Revolution and State Cultures: The Circle of for publication in Richard Joseph’s, State, Justice and Constitutionalism in 1906 Iran,” Conflict and Democracy in Africa (Boulder, CO: forthcoming in State/Culture: New Approaches Lynne Reinner, 1998); he also co-chaired the to State in Social Sciences and “Loyalty, Weatherhead Center/HIID Africa Seminar Kingship and State,” forthcoming in Actes de la (spring term). Dan was offered and accepted a recherche en sciences sociales. Nader delivered tenure-track position as an assistant professor these papers at Princeton University, in the Political Science Department at UCLA, Department of Near Eastern Studies and the where he will start this fall. University of Michigan, Department of Richard Snyder: During the previous year, Sociology. The greater part of his time this year Richard Snyder wrote two articles on the was spent on research and writing of the book politics of economic reform in contemporary manuscript that he is preparing for Mexico. One of the pieces will be published in publication. The book is a comparative a forthcoming anthology that Snyder edited analysis of two constitutional revolutions at this year on institutional innovation in rural the beginning of this century in the Ottoman Mexico. The other article is under review by a Empire and Iran. Nader devoted a good part journal. Snyder completed a separate edited of this year to the analysis and writing on the volume on the transformation of rural Mexico, Ottoman archival documents pertaining to the which was published in May by the Center for revolutionary events in the Ottoman empire. U.S.-Mexican Studies at the University of He travelled extensively to Turkey and Iran California, San Diego. He also worked on (summer 1998) to conduct more extensive revising his doctoral dissertation for archival research for this project. Nader also publication as a book and participated in began learning Russian as part of a new a Harvard graduate seminar on political comparative research on nationalism in the economy taught by Professors Robert Bates Central Asian republics of Azerbaijan and and Kenneth Shepsle. Snyder gave talks about Tujikistan. In the summer of 1999 he will his research on Mexico at both the Kellogg make a preliminary research trip to Azerbaijan Institute of the University of Notre Dame and to join a research team there to get a better the Harvard Academy for International and sense of the setting and make initial contacts Area Studies. In addition to his work on in preparation for future extensive research. Mexico, Snyder wrote an article on the study of Nader will be returning to his position as political regime change which was accepted for assistant professor, Department of Sociology, publication by the journal Comparative University of Iowa for the 1998-99 year and Politics.Richard will be assistant professor, will return to the Academy for the second year Department of Political Science, University of of his fellowship in 1999. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for the next two Kellee Tsai: Having just returned from years and will then return for the second year conducting field research in China during the of his fellowship at the Academy. summer of 1997, Kellee spent the 1997-98 academic year analyzing data and drafting the

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 2 7 first five chapters of her dissertation. Attending UC San Diego, and Caltech. He was offered the weekly Workshop on Comparative and the position of assistant professor in the International Political Economy (co-taught by Department of Political Science at Duke Professors Alesina, Friedan, Hall, Martin,and University, which he has accepted and deferred S. Vogel) provided a forum in which she could for one year.This coming year Steven will be present working drafts of the dissertation and at the Society of Fellows in the Humanities at receive critical commentary. In addition to Columbia University. presenting draft chapters at the political economy workshop, Kellee presented two A c a d e my Scholar Special Seminar different papers at the Harvard East Asia May 7, 1998 Society Graduate Student Conference in March “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy: Does and the New York State Political Science More Democracy Mean Bad Democracy?” Association in May, respectively. On a less Fareed Zakaria, Managing Editor of Foreign formal basis, she also participated actively in Affairs, with comments by Francis various seminars hosted by the Fairbank Fukuyama, Professor of Public Policy, Center and newly inaugurated Asia Center. George Mason University, and Marc In April, Kellee gave a talk at the monthly Plattner, Editor, Journal of Democracy. China Business Project Breakfast organized by Conflict or Conve rg e n c e : G l o b a l Professor Ezra Vogel. As for publications,she Pe r s p e c t i ves on Wa r,Pe a c e , a n d submitted a paper entitled, “Curbed Markets? I n t e rn ational Ord e r Financial Innovation and Policy Involution in November 13-15, 1997 China’s Coastal South” to the Weatherhead Cambridge, Massachusetts Center Working Paper Series in April and it On November 13-15, 1997,the Harvard was accepted for publication the following Academy for International and Area Studies month. She also wrote an article for the held an international conference on “Conflict Spring/Summer 1998 issue of the Harvard or Convergence: War,Peace, and International China Review entitled, “A Circle of Friends, A Order.”The purpose of this conference was to Web of Trouble: Rotating Credit Associations explore the extent to which the political and in China.” Finally, Kellee was offered a intellectual elites of the world’s major states tenure-track position in Comparative Politics and regions had similar or different views on (Political Economy/East Asia) at Emory the nature of the existing international system University and will commence employment and of a desirable international order. th e re as an assistant profes s o r in the Fal l of 19 9 9 . Conference participants were specifically Steven Wilkinson: In January 1998 he asked to analyze the views of the elites of completed his MIT thesis entitled “The their countries or regions with respect to the Electoral Incentives for Ethnic Violence: distribution of power in the international Hindu-Muslim Riots in India.”He wrote system,the principal threats to international several book reviews for Nations and stability, the legitimate and illegitimate uses of Nationalism and Ethnic and Racial Studies. military force, and the characteristics of their Steven also presented his work on Hindu- preferred international order. The extent of Muslim violence to audiences at MIT,Harvard, consensus or dissensus among the elites on these issues obviously has profound regions or countries on four major topics and, implications for international stability and insofar as they were relevant to their country the foreign policies of the United States and or region, several specific questions with other countries. respect to each topic. Fifty-seven people participated in the November 13 conference coming from most of the world’s Reception and Dinner Panel Discussion: major countries and regions. Eighteen scholars “The United Nations,the United States, were asked to write papers concerning the and the Gulf Crisis” attitudes of the elites of their regions or Panel: Kiren Chaudhry, University countries on these issues and to make related of California - Berkeley presentations at the conference. Other scholars Stephen P.Rosen, Harvard University and experts participated in the conference Bassam Tibi, Georg-August-Universität and commented on the presentations. The zu Göttingen Secretary General of the United Nations, Kofi Fareed Zakaria, Foreign Affairs Annan,had agreed to deliver the keynote address opening the conference. Unfortunately, November 14 however, Saddam Hussein’s defiance of UN Session I: The Structure Of Power In resolutions necessitated an emergency Security The International System Council meeting and prevented the Secretary Chair: Samuel P.Huntington, Harvard General from coming to Harvard. In place of University his address, an impromptu discussion was Panel: Alastair Iain Johnston, organized on the implications of Iraq’s Harvard University defiance of the international community with Kishore Mahbubani, Ministry of remarks by Stephen P.Rosen, Kiren Chaudhry, Foreign Affairs, Singapore Bassam Tibi,and Fareed Zakaria. The Dominique Moïsi, Institut Français following evening Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski des Relations Internationales delivered an eloquent address on the new Bassam Tibi, Georg-August-Universität geopolitical situation in Eurasia and its zu Göttingen implications for American foreign policy, while Lunch Talk:“The Problem of World at lunch that day Japan’s ambassador to the Public Order Through the Prism of the UN, Hisashi Owada, made the case for a pax United Nations” consortis of the major powers in place of unilateral globalism or multipolar Address: Ambassador Hisashi Owada, competition. The formal adjournment of the Permanent Representative of Japan conference Saturday afternoon was followed by to the United Nations a dinner for the present and former Academy Moderator: Susan J.Pharr, Harvard University Scholars and friends of the Academy to Session II: The Principal Threats to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the International Stability Academy’s founding. Chair: Roger Owen, Harvard University Paper writers were asked to describe and Panel: Kanti P.Bajpai, Jawaharlal analyze the attitudes of the elites of their Nehru University

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 2 9 Ali A. Mazrui, State University of G l o b a l i z ation and Culture Seminar New York - Binghamton Chairs: Samuel Huntington,Weatherhead Alexei Pushkov, Foreign Affairs Center, and Peter Berger,Boston Department, ORTV University. Fareed Zakaria, Foreign Affairs In the past several years there has been Reception and Dinner Discussion: much talk about and some evidence of the “American Power and Global Stability” emergence of what might be called global or Address: Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, universal cultures.First is the “Davos culture,” Counselor, Center for Strategic ideas concerning market capitalism,liberal and International Studies democracy, private property, the rule of law, and economic development widely shared by Moderator: Jorge I. Domínguez, government ministers and bureaucrats, Harvard University corporation executives, academics, and officials November 15 of international agencies in countries Session III: The Legitimate and Illegitimate throughout the world. This is the culture of uses of Military Force much of the world’s elite. Second, there is Chair: John Coatsworth, Harvard University globalized popular culture “carried” by the Panel: Kiren Chaudhry, University of media, advertising, imitative consumer California, Berkeley habits—from rock music to jeans to fast food. Carlos Escudé, Torcuato This is not just a matter of behavior: many of Di Tella University these items involve values and beliefs. Third, Ijaz Shafi Gilani, Pakistan Institute of there appears also to be emerging what might Public Opinion be termed a global “humanitarian culture,” Takashi Inoguchi, University of Tokyo supporting human rights and equality for women, opposing ethnic cleansing and Session IV:Characteristics of a Desirable racial discrimination,and promoting the International Order responsibility of governments and Chair: Robert Bates, Harvard University international agencies to mitigate human Panel: Stephen Cohen, University of Illinois suffering anywhere on the planet. This culture Josef Joffe, Süddeutsche Zeitung is disseminated through academic and Celeste Wallander, Harvard University intellectual networks, foundations,NGOs, Wang Jisi, Chinese Academy of some international agencies, and the media. Social Science How do these three Western-generated Closing Remarks emerging global cultures interact with non- Samuel P.Huntington, Harvard University Western indigenous cultures? The Globalization and Culture Seminar sought to address these and related issues with participants including faculty, research associates, and graduate students from Harvard and the larger Boston-Cambridge area. Participants came from a variety of disciplines, including history, sociology, P ROGRAM ON INTERNAT I O N A L political science, economics, anthropology, law, CONFLICT A N A LYSIS A N D and social psychology; people specializing in R E S O L U T I O N the world’s major cultural areas as well as The Program on Int erna ti o nal Conf l i c t Ana l ysi s people who work on the transmission, and Res o l utio n (PICAR) works to advan c e the dissemination, and assimilation of ideas, un d erstanding of in t erna ti o nal and intereth n i c technology, and customs. The seminar met six conf l i ct s , and to develo p interactive, problem - times annually for discussions over dinner at so l ving processes that can be eff ective in the Faculty Club. ma n a g ing or res o l ving suc h conf l i ct s . Using a October 7 vie w of in t erna ti o nal conf l i c t as an intersoc i et a l “Globalization and Its Impact on Local as well as an interg overnm e ntal proces s , and a Cultures,” Peter Berger,Boston University. corres p onding vie w of di p l om a cy as a crea t ive November 4 in t egrati o n of official and unofficial eff orts , “Golden Arches East: MacDonalds in PICAR memb ers res e a r ch how democ ra ti z a ti on , East Asia,” James L. “Woody” Watson, plu ra l i s m , and the building of ci vil soci e ty in Anthropology Department, mul ti e thnic states wil l be enh a n c ed if un d erlyin g Harvard University. so u r ces of conf l i c t are discussed and add re s s ed , both in current conf l i c t res o l utio n eff orts and in December 2 set t ing up syst ems for managing conf l i c ts in the “The Clash of Globalizations: Business and fu ture . PICAR is sup ported by a grant from the Democracy in Muslim Southeast Asia,” Wil liam and Flora Hewle tt Fou n d a ti on . Robert Hefner,Boston University. Program memb ers in 1997-98 includ ed February 3 fac u l t y memb ers, a pos t doctoral scho l a r , an d “Culture and the Dual Society: Global doctoral stud en t s ,a ll of who m are scho l a r - Minority and Native Majority in Iran, practiti on e rs comb ining res e a r ch and theory- Turkey and Algeria,” Houchang Chehabi, building with the practic e of th i rd - p a r ty Woodrow Wilson International Center fac i l i t a ti on . In add i ti on , PICAR maintained for Scholars. active cont a ct with a growing netw ork of forme r March 3 mem b ers whose profes s i o nal work has taken “Globalization: Its Implications for Religion th e m to a vari e ty of aca demic instit utio ns and and Democracy,” Samuel Huntington, governm e ntal or nong overnm en t a l Chair,Harvard Academy for International orga n i z a ti o ns in the Uni t ed States and abroad. and Area Studies. The primary area of practice for many April 7 program members has been the Middle “The Clash of Cultures? Evidence on East. However, several other initiatives Cultural Cleavages from the World have been developed by PICAR members Values Survey,” Ronald Inglehardt, which include projects in Sri Lanka, the University of Michigan. Balkans, Cyprus, Northern Ireland,and Worcester, Massachusetts.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 3 1 Program members were involved in a implications of this vision for resolving the variety of continuing research projects, falling difficult political issues (such as Palestinian into three main categories: (1) evaluation of refugees, Israeli settlements,and the nature the effectiveness of conflict resolution of the future relationship between the two interventions in protracted conflicts and political entities) that have been left to the comparative study of different conflict final-status negotiations. This program resolution models; (2) the role of different continues to provide a model for the theoretical variables—such as collective combination of scholarship with practice, of identity, power asymmetry, leadership, intervention methodology with policy analysis, religion, resource distribution, the teaching of and of the skills of the conflict generalist with history, decision-making structures, issue the insights of the regional specialist. The framing, perspective taking, developmental Israeli-Palestinian working group was capacities,and forgiveness—in the generation, supported by grants from the U.S. Information perpetuation, and resolution of conflict; and Agency, the Carnegie Corporation of New (3) the interface between conflict resolution York,and the Ford Foundation. efforts and human rights activities, as well as PICAR received a grant from the United the more traditional governmental activities States Institute of Peace to develop a Sri Lanka of peacekeeping and peacemaking. Problem-Solving project, co-directed by Practice is at the core of PICAR activities. It program members Donna Hicks and William involves the design and implementation of Weisberg.The project aims to bring together problem-solving workshops in which members members of the Sinhalese and Tamil of communities in conflict meet together for communities to discuss ways to initiate an intensive three- to-four day period to a negotiated end to the conflict. engage in “joint thinking” about solutions to The Program hosted a seminar series on the the problems that divide them. Such joint theory and practice of international conflict thinking is promoted by the careful choice of resolution. In addition,a number of research participants, by a well-developed set of ground seminars for scholar/practitioners in the field rules,and by bringing the basic human needs were held over the course of the academic year. of identity and security into the foreground of Program members also conducted a one and the political discussion. one half-day seminar for the Weatherhead PICAR workshops of 1997-98 included the Center Fellows, focusing on the theory and Middle East project, co-chaired by PICAR practice of interactive problem-solving as an Director Herbert Kelman and Professor Nadim unofficial approach to conflict analysis and Rouhana, which was a joint Israeli-Palestinian resolution. Finally, PICAR members were working group composed of influential involved in teaching, curriculum development, members of both communities, who met three and training activities, both locally and times in 1997-98: in Vienna in July, Israel in internationally. Donna Hicks and William January, and London in April. Discussions Weisberg conducted a two-day training were geared toward the production of joint seminar in Washington, D.C.,under the concept papers on the future relationship auspices of the National Multicultural envisaged for the two communities and the Institute. The seminar introduced PICAR’s Interactive Problem-Solving approach to December 10 conflict resolution to a variety of individuals “Conflict Prevention and Field Diplomacy: from international NGOs and other Assessing the Impact,” Luc Reychler, organizations working in the field of conflict Professor of International Relations, resolution. Hicks and Weisberg also taught a University of Leuven, Belgium. week long course on conflict resolution for February 11 the International Institute for Political and “Women: The Dominant Force for Economic Studies in Athens, Greece. Reconciliation in Bosnia-Herzegovina,” PICAR’s Director is Professor Herbert C. Ambassador Swanee Hunt, Director, Kelman, Donna Hicks is the Deputy Director, Women and Public Policy Program, and Laura Keane is the Staff Assistant. John F. Kennedy School of Government. Seminar on Intern ational Conflict March 11 Analysis and Resolution 1997-98 “Peace Culture: Concepts and Co-Chairs: Nadim Rouhana and Donna Hicks Strategies,” Elise Boulding, Professor Emerita, Department of Sociology, September 24 Dartmouth College. “Conflict Management Workshops for Arab and Jewish-Israeli Youth: Prevention April 8 Principles and Implications for Future “The Clinton Administration and the Interventions,” David Bargal, Professor Process of Peace and Reconciliation in of Social Work, Hebrew University. Central America: Overcoming the Historical Legacy, 1993-1997,” Richard October 8 Nuccio, former Special Advisor to the “Managing the Three Tensions: A President on Cuban Affairs, former U.S. Theory of Negotiation,” Robert Mnookin, Government Coordinator for the Samuel Williston Professor of Law, Guatemala Peace Process. Harvard Law School. April 22 October 22 “Some Factors to be Considered When “Reflection on Oslo,” Terje Larsen, Analyzing a Particular Ethnonational former UN Special Coordinator in Movement,” Walker Connor, Scholar-in- Occupied Territories; Founder of FAFO, Residence, Middlebury College. Oslo, Norway. November 19 1997-98 PICAR Members “The U.S. Perspective of Peacekeeping: Herbert C. Kelman, Director, PICAR,and An Insider’s View,” Sarah Sewall, Visiting Richard Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Scholar, Program on Negotiation, Harvard Ethics, Harvard University University; former Deputy Assistant Donna Hicks, Ph.D., Deputy Director, PICAR Secretary of Defense on Peacekeeping, Winifred Connolly-O’Toole, Ed.D., Lecturer, Washington, D.C. Harvard Graduate School of Education Susan Cross, Department of Psychology, Harvard University

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 3 3 Rebecca Edelson, Institute for Conflict management efforts. Meetings focused on Analysis and Resolution,George interdisciplinary discussions of well-advanced Mason University research projects related to international Susan Korper, Department of Psychology, environmental problems, institutions, and Harvard University policies. Core themes of the 1997-98 year Rhoda Margesson, The Fletcher School of Law included examination of the interactions and Diplomacy,Tufts University between scientific assessment and policies for Nadim Rouhana, Professor of Psychology, the management of global environmental risks, Boston College including climate change, ozone depletion, and Jeff Seul, J.D., Lecturer, Harvard Law School transboundary air pollution. Another theme Margaret Smith, The Fletcher School of Law centered on what kind of institutions are and Diplomacy,Tufts University required to manage international Pamela Steiner, Ed. D., Postdoctoral Fellow, environmental problems, not just globally but Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er for Int erna ti o nal Aff a i r s also nationally and locally. The seminar met Rebecca Wolfe, Department of Psychology, every two weeks. Participants included faculty Harvard University and graduate students from various schools at Harvard, including the Kennedy School of Other We atherhead Center Government, the Government Department, A f f i l i ates Conducting Research and the Law School, as well as faculty and on Intern ational Conflict A n a l y s i s graduate students from MIT,Tufts, and and Resolution Brandeis. Graham Allison Rusudan Gorgiladze We atherhead Center/Belfer Center Donna Hicks for Science and Intern ational A f f a i r s Stanley Hoffmann Joint Research Seminar on Herbert Kelman I n t e rn ational Env i ronmental A f f a i r s Jennifer Schirmer Chairs: Barbara Connolly and Jim Stein Walter Rosenbaum Pamela Pomerance Steiner September 18 Richard Tucker “Avoiding Stranded Opportunities in Kyoto Rebecca Wolfe and Washington: Policymaking for Global Environmental Change,” William Moomaw, I N T E R N ATIONAL Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. E N V I RO N M E N TAL A F FA I R S October 9 Together with the Belfer Center for Science “Multilateral European Efforts to Control and International Affairs, the Weatherhead Acid Rain,” Marc Levy, Williams College. Center sponsored a joint research seminar on international environmental affairs. This October 23 seminar draws on growing concern about “Agenda Setting for Global Environmental the global environment and fosters the Issues,” William Clark and Nancy Dickson, connections across disciplinary lines that are Kennedy School of Government. needed for productive scholarship as well as November 6 Governance,” Peter Haas, University of “The Political Economy of the Resource Massachusetts, Amherst. Curse,” Michael Ross, University April 30 of Michigan. “Development of International November 20 Cooperation to Protect the Ozone Layer: “Measuring Sustainable Development: Will Assessment, Negotiation and There Be National Winners and Losers?” Implementation,” Ted Parson, Kennedy Kai Lee, Williams College. School of Government. December 4 May 14 “Banking on the Environment: The “Developing Country Participation in Greening of Multilateral Development Global Environmental Regimes,” Elizabeth Banks,” Tamar Gutner, MIT. DeSombre, Colby College. December 18 Other We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s “Domestic and International Conducting Research on Intern at i o n a l Environmental Regulation: The Hazardous E nv i ronmental A f f a i r s Waste Trade Among OECD Countries,” Gernot Brodnig Kate O’Neill, Belfer Center for Science Abram H. Chayes and International Affairs. William C. Clark February 5 Barbara Connolly “Environmental Risk, Trust and Richard N. Cooper Democracy,” Roger Kasperson, Wendy Franz Clark University. Akira Iriye February 19 Robert O. Keohane “Implementing Local Pollution Control Patricia Lortie in China,” Roger Raufer, University Michael B.McElroy of Pennsylvania. Robert L. Paarlberg March 5 I N T E R N ATIONAL INSTITUTIONS “Issues in Trade and Environment,” Abram Chayes, Harvard University Law School. We atherhead Center Group on April 8 Alliances as Security Institutions “Is Environmental Protection Linear? The Weatherhead Center Group on Alliances Exploring the International Development as Security Institutions continued its of Environmental Regulation,” Peter collaboration with the Arbeitsstelle Pruess, Director, National Center for Transatlantische Außen-und Sicherheitspolitik Environmental Research and Quality (ATASP) of the Free University of Berlin, Assurance, U.S.EPA. conducting its final meeting on “Security Institutions: Effects and Dynamics” at the April 16 Weatherhead Center for International Affairs “A Constructivist Approach to the in September 1997. The joint project, funded Evolution of Multilateral Environmental

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 3 5 by the Free University Berlin and the that bear on Japan’s international behavior, Weatherhead Center, has produced a book, and Japan’s relations with the rest of the world. Imperfect Unions: Security Institutions in Time In the 1990s, much research and discussion has and Space, edited by Helga Haftendorn, Robert focused on Japan’s expanding international O. Keoh a n e , and Cele s t e A. Wall a n d er, (Ox f ord: role in the fields of development, energy, Oxf ord Uni versi t y Pres s , forth c oming 1999). environmental protection, and security. Other We atherhead Center Each year, the program hosts academics, A f f i l i ates Conducting Researc h government officials, business people, and on Intern ational Institutions journalists. Several advanced research Marc Busch fellowships are awarded to scholarly applicants Jorge I. Domínguez with outstanding research credentials. While in Rusudan Gorgiladze residence at Harvard for the academic year, Helga Haftendorn Associates take part in the seminars, Alan K. Henrikson roundtables,and other functions of the A.Iain Johnston program; attend classes and other activities in Uwe Jun the Harvard community; present the results of Devesh Kapur their research in public panels; and prepare Margaret Madajewicz research reports that are published as the Lisa Martin Occasional Papers of the Program on U.S.–Japan Michel Petite Relations and distributed to policymakers and Dani Rodrik organizations around the world. Although Debora Spar most Associates are from Japan and the United Celeste A. Wallander States, the program has also included individuals from a variety of East Asian and JA PAN AND U. S . – JA PAN RELAT I O N S European countries. The Program on U.S.–Japan Relations enables During the academic year, the program outstanding scholars and practitioners to come invites leading commentators on issues in together at Harvard to conduct independent U.S.–Japan relations and related topics to research on topics in contemporary bilateral speak at a weekly luncheon seminar series that relations and to participate in an ongoing is open to the public. The seminars are dialogue on those topics with other members typically attended by thirty to sixty faculty of the Harvard University and greater members, researchers, graduate students,and Cambridge and Boston communities. The undergraduates from Harvard University, MIT, program was founded in 1980 on the belief the Fletcher School,and other neighboring that the United States and Japan have become institutions as well as interested members of so interdependent that the problems they face the wider community. In 1997-98,the seminar urgently require cooperation. The program’s series featured a number of prominent intellectual mandate has been broad since its individuals, including: Beate Sirota Gordon, inception and has included a full range of co-drafter of the Japanese Constitution; Ed issues in bilateral relations, domestic problems Lincoln,special advisor to the American ambassador to Japan; Hisashi Owada, Japan’s History, Harvard University. (Co-sponsored representative to the United Nations; and by the Olin Institute for Strategic Studies.) Kunihiko Saito, Japan’s ambassador to the October 7 United States. “Present at the Creation: Women’s Rights The program annually honors a Under the New Japanese Constitution,” Distinguished Visitor, who spends several days Beate Sirota Gordon, Co-Drafter of the at Harvard to offer a luncheon seminar, speak Japanese Constitution and author of The at a dinner held in his or her honor, and meet Only Woman in the Room. (Co-sponsored with students. In 1997-98,the program by the Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of honored Takashi Inoguchi, professor of Japanese Studies.) political science at the Institute of Oriental October 14 Culture of the University of Tokyo. Professor “Beyond Market-Theory Management,” Inoguchi spoke on both recent developments Shintaro Hori, Managing Director, Bain & in party politics in Japan and the evolution of Company Japan. the nation-state and the international system. October 15 Susan J. Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer “Japan’s Constitution and the Future of Professor of Japanese Politics, continues to the U.S.-Japan Relationship,” Takako Doi, serve as director of the Program on U.S.-Japan Chair, Social Democratic Party of Japan. Relations. Frank Schwartz, the program’s (An East Asian Legal Studies event associate director, was ably assisted by program co-sponsored by the Program on coordinator Wen-Hao Tien Gurel and staff U.S.-Japan Relations.) assistant Fateh Khalsa. October 21 U.S.-Japan Seminar Series “Changing Models of Japanese Human Resource Management,” Gregory Chair: Susan J.Pharr Ornatowski, Academic Associate, Program September 18 on U.S.-Japan Relations. “Japan on the Threshold of the October 28 21st Century,” Hisashi Owada, “Sokaiya (Shareholder Meeting) Extortion: Permanent Representative of Japan to A Must to Maintain Harmony in Japan,” the United Nations. Masao Miyamoto, Psychiatrist, social critic, September 23 and author of The Straitjacket Society. “Implications of the ‘Big Bang’ and October 31 Administrative Reform for Bilateral “Restructuring of the Japanese Economy Economic Relations,” Ed Lincoln, Senior and Changing Trade and Investment Fellow, Brookings Institution, and former Relations with Asian Countries,” Noboru Sp ecial Advis o r to the Amb a s s a dor in Tok yo. Hatakeyama, President, Japan External September 30 Trade Organization.(An Asia Center “Reconceptualizing the History of event co-sponsored by the Program on International Affairs in the Last Half- U.S.-Japan Relations.) Century,” Akira Iriye, Department of

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 3 7 November 4 February 3 “The Under-Estimated Power of Culture: “Japan’s International Role,” Kunihiko The American Experience in Japan,” Regge Saito, Japanese Ambassador to the Life, Film and television producer. United States. November 13 February 10 Distinguished Visitor Lecture Special Series on Common Problems “Hashimoto Politics: Riding the Road of the Trilateral Democracies to One-Party Predominance,” Takashi Round table:“Malice or Muddle? Media Inoguchi, Professor of Political Science, Coverage of the ‘Asian’Political Funding Institute of Oriental Culture, University Scandal,” Marvin Kalb, Director, of Tokyo. Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics November 18 and Public Policy, Kennedy School of “Media Globalization and the Decline of Government; Paul Watanabe, Associate Japan’s NHK,” Gregory Noble, Professor, Professor of Political Science,and Co- Research School of Pacific and Asian Director, Institute for Asian-American Studies, Australian National University. Studies, University of Massachusetts; and Frank Wu, Associate Professor of Law, December 2 Howard University, and Washington Special Series on Common Problems of correspondent, Asian Week. the Trilateral Democracies “Are There Ethics in Japanese Medicine? February 17 The Conflict Over HIV-Tainted Blood,” “Russian-Japanese Relations at a Eric Feldman, Associate Director, Institute Crossroads: A Perspective from Moscow,” for Law and Society, New York University. Alexei Zagorsky, Director, Northeast Asian Political Studies, Institute of World December 8 Economy and International Relations “The Kurile Islands: Will They Be (Moscow),and Advanced Research Returned to Japan?,” Minoru Tamba, Fellow, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs. (Co-sponsored by the Davis Center for (A Davis Center for Russian Studies Russian Studies.) event co-sponsored by the Program on U.S.-Japan Relations.) February 24 “Japanese Bureaucrats in a Changing December 9 World: Administrative Reform in Special Series on Common Problems of Comparative Perspective,” Graham Wilson, the Trilateral Democracies Professor of Political Science, University of “Japanese Corporate Governance: What Wisconsin at Madison. We Know and What We Think We Know,” J. Mark Ramseyer, Professor, University of March 3 Chicago Law School.(Co-sponsored by East Panel to Celebrate the Opening of Asian Legal Studies, Harvard Law School.) Harvard University’s Asia Center “Contested and Common Memories: The Prospects for a Shared Historical Consciousness in Asia,” Andy Gordon, Professor of History, panel chair; Steven April 14 Benfell, Advanced Research Fellow, “Japan Reorients: Constructing a Program on U.S.-Japan Relations; Carter J. Regional Security Order,” Mike Mochizuki, Eckert, Professor of Korean History and Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution. Director, Korea Institute; Hue-Tam Ho Tai, (Co-sponsored by the Olin Institute for Kenneth T.Young Professor of Sino- Strategic Studies.) Vietnamese History; and William C. Kirby, April 21 Professor of History and Chair, Department Reinventing the Japanese Economy (panel) of History. “Antitrust in Japan: Politics and March 17 Possibilities,”Michael Beeman, University Special Series on Common Problems of of Oxford;“Japanese Small Enterprises in a the Trilateral Democracies Changing Business Environment,” “Japan as No. 1 in Old-Age Care? The Konosuke Ikeya, Ministry of International Politics of the New Care Insurance System,” Trade and Industry; “The Future of Fiscal John Campbell, Professor of Political Structural Reform in Japan,” Shoichi Tsuji, Science, University of Michigan. (Co- Ministry of Finance; Steven Vogel, Assistant sponsored by the Takemi Program in Professor of Government, Harvard International Health, Harvard School of University, discussant. Public Health.) April 23 March 31 Special Series on the Asian “The Imperial Institution and Japanese Economic Crisis: Japan and Prospects Culture on the Eve of the 21st Century,” for the Future Takie Sugiyama Lebra, Professor Emeritus “Financial Deregulation in Japan: of Anthropology, University of Hawaii, Big Bang or Bust?” David Weinstein, and author of Above the Clouds: Status Associate Professor, University of Michigan Culture of the Modern Japanese Nobility. Business School; Steven Vogel, Assistant (Co-sponsored by the Edwin O. Reischauer Professor of Government, Harvard Institute of Japanese Studies.) University, discussant. April 7 April 28 “Molding a Culture of Diligence Japan’s Trade in the Aftermath of and Thrift: Promoting Savings in Postwar the Asian Financial Crisis (panel) and Contemporary Japan,” Sheldon Garon, “A Path to Free Trade in Agricultural Professor of History and East Asian Studies, Products,” Yutaka Arai, Ministry of Princeton University. (Co- sponsored by Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; “A the Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Proposal for Reform of the International Japanese Studies.) Currency System,” Koichi Ito, Mitsubishi April 9 Trust and Banking;“Deepening Economic “The Asian Financial Crisis as Seen from Interdependence in East Asia,”Katsuhisa Tokyo,” Kent Calder, Professor of Politics, Uchiyama, Japan Development Bank; Princeton University, and Special Advisor to Robert Paarlberg, Professor of Political the Ambassador to Japan. Science, Wellesley College, discussant.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 3 9 April 30 “R&D Management in Japan and the Special Series on the Asian United States,” Kozo Morimitsu, Idemitsu Economic Crisis: Japan and Prospects Kosan; William Grimes, Assistant Professor for the Future of International Relations, Boston “Japan’s Macroeconomy and Financial University, discussant. Instability,” Shijuro Ogata, Former Deputy Governor for International Relations, Bank A s s o c i ates of the Program on U.S.-Japan Relat i o n s of Japan; Richard Cooper, Maurits C. Boas Yutaka Arai, Ministry of Agriculture, Professor of International Economics, and Forestry and Fisheries former Chairman, Federal Reserve Bank Michael Beeman, Oxford University of Boston, discussant. Steven Benfell, University of Pennsylvania May 5 Toshiaki Hasegawa, Chuo University Special Series on the Asian Konosuke Ikeya, Ministry of International Economic Crisis: Japan and Prospects Trade and Industry for the Future Hiroaki Isono, Tokyo Electric Power Company “Japan’s Financial Mess: Causes and Koichi Ito, Mitsubishi Trust and Consequences,” Hugh Patrick, R. D. Calkins Banking Company Professor of International Business, and Toshiyuki Ito, Yomiuri Shinbun Director, Center on Japanese Economy and Kozo Morimitsu, Idemitsu Kosan Company Business, Columbia University; William Isao Nakajima, Tokyo Gas Company Grimes, Assistant Professor of International Takeshi Odahara, Mainichi Shinbun Relations, Boston University, discussant. Gregory Ornatowski, Massachusetts May 7 Institute of Technology Maintaining External Security in Sadamasa Oue, Self-Defense Force East Asia (panel) Shoichi Tsuji, Ministry of Finance “Energy Politics in East Asia,” Isao Katsuhisa Uchiyama, Japan Nakajima, Tokyo Gas Company; “National Development Bank Security and Public Opinion,” Takeshi Alexei Zagorsky, Institute of World Odahara, Mainichi Shinbun; “The Economy and International Relations Three-Tier Strategy: An Alternative (IMEMO), Moscow Approach to Japan’s Defense,” Sadamasa Oue, Air Self-Defense Force; Kenji Hayao, Occasional Paper Series Professor of Political Science, Boston Yutaka Arai, “A Path to Freer Trade in College,discussant. Agricultural Products.” May 12 Michael L. Beeman, “Antitrust Problems in New Iss ues in Japanese U.S.-Japan Relations: Is Meaningful Man a g eme nt (panel) Reconciliation Possible?” “Deregulating the Japanese Electric Utility Steven Benfell, “Meet the New Japan, Same as Industry,” Hiroaki Isono, Tokyo Electric the Old Japan: History and the Politics of Power Company; “Japan’s Media Under National Identity in Postwar Japan.” Fire,” Toshiyuki Ito, Yomiuri Shinbun; Toshiaki Hasegawa, “Asia-Pacific Other We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s Interdependence.” Conducting Research on Japan and Konosuke Ikeya, “Japanese Small Enterprises U.S.- Japan Relat i o n s in a Changing Business Environment: A Michael Beeman Comparison with the United States.” Steven Benfell Konosuke Ikeya Hiroaki Isono, “The Feasibility of Toshiyuki Ito Comprehensive Deregulation in the Masahiro Matsumura Japanese Electric Utility Industry: A Sadamasa Oue Comparative U.S.-Japan Analysis.” Rob Paarlberg Koichi Ito, “A Proposal for Reform of the Frank Schwartz International Currency System from the Paul Talcott Perspective of a Market Participant.” Steven Vogel Toshiyuki Ito, “The Media in Japan and the Post-1955 System: 1993-1997.” MIDDLE EAST Kozo Morimitsu, “Management of R&D in the The Center’s Middle East Seminar is co- United States and Japan.” sponsored by the Center for Middle Eastern Isao Nakajima, “Energy Policy in East Asia.” Studies and has been chaired for the past twenty years by Herbert C. Kelman, Richard Takeshi Odahara, “National Security and Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics. Since Public Opinion: The Japan-U.S.-China 1996, the seminar has been co-chaired by Triangle After 1989.” Professor Lenore G. Martin and Dr.Sara Roy, Gregory Ornatowski, “The Changing Nature along with Professor Kelman. Of the fourteen of Japanese-Style Human Resource sessions in 1997-98,many dealt with the Management.” Middle East peace process from Israeli, Sadamasa Oue, “The Three-Tier Strategy: An Palestinian, Egyptian, Jordanian, Lebanese, Alternative for Japan’s Defense Strategy in European, and American perspectives. Other the Next Century.” sessions focused on Gulf security, the state Shoichi Tsuji, “Fiscal Structural Reform in system in the Middle East,the Kurdish Japan.” question in Turkey, as well as political and economic developments in Egypt, Israel, Katsuhisa Uchiyama, “Deepening Economic Jordan, and Lebanon. Interdependence in East Asia: Implications for the United States and Japan.” These activities were funded by the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Alexei Zagorsky, “Inducing Democracy by and the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Occupation: American Success and Failures in Japan and Korea: 1945-1948.” The related research activities of Professor Kelman, in collaboration with Professor Nadim Rouhana, Dr. Donna Hicks,and others are described in the section on International Conflict Analysis and Resolution.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 4 1 M i ddle East Seminar Ruchama Marton, Founder and Director, Chairs: Herbert C. Kelman, Lenore G. Martin, Israeli Physicians for Human Rights, and Sara Roy Tel Aviv. September 25 February 5 “Beyond Oslo: Palestinians and Lessons “Building a Sustainable Peace: The Limits of from the Black Experiences,” Elaine Pragmatism in Israeli-Palestinian Hagopian, Professor Emerita of Sociology, Negotiations,” Herbert C. Kelman, Richard Simmons College. Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics and October 9 Director of the Program on International “Seventeen Months in Power: The Israeli Con f l i ct An a lysis and Re s o luti on , Right Re-examined,” Ehud Sprinzak, Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er for Int erna ti o nal Aff a i rs . Professor of Political Science, Hebrew February 19 University of Jerusalem, and Senior Fellow, “Arafat: No Turning Back,” Edward United States Institute of Peace. Abington, Principal Deputy Assistant October 22 Secretary of State in the Bureau for “Reflections on Oslo,” Terje Larsen, Former Intelligence and Research, United States UN Special Coordinator in the Occupied Department of State, and former U.S. Territories and Founder of Institute for Consul General in Jerusalem. Applied Social Science (FAFO), Oslo. (Joint March 5 Session with Seminar on International “The Netanyahu Government and the Peace Conflict Analysis and Resolution). Process,” Dore Gold, Ambassador of Israel October 23 to the United Nations. “The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace March 19 Process,” Bassam Tibi, Georgia Augusta “The United States and Gulf Security,” Professor of International Relations, Hermann F.Eilts, Professor Emeritus of University of Göttingen. International Relations, Boston University, November 6 and former US Ambassador to Egypt and “The Middle East at the Crossroads Saudi Arabia. between Hopes and Frustrations,” Ahmed April 2 Maher el-Sayed, Ambassador of Egypt to “The Middle East State System Beyond the United States. (Joint Session with the 2000: Towards Regionalism or Weatherhead Center Fellows Program). Fragmentation?,” Yezid Sayigh, Assistant November 20 Director, Centre for International Studies, “Achieving a Genuine Breakthrough in the University of Cambridge. Arab-Israeli Negotiations,” Amine Gemayel, April 16 Former President of the Lebanese Republic. “The Peace Process and Jordan’s Model of December 4 Development,” Marwan Muasher, “Israeli Physicians for Human Rights: The Ambassador of Jordan to the United States. Political Economy of Intervention,” April 30 Undertake conflict analysis, and test and “Is there a solution to the Kurdish Question illustrate specific social mechanisms and in Turkey?” Kemal Kirisci,Associate technical tools used by weaker stakeholders Professor, Department of Political Science to “level the playing field” for negotiations and International Relations, Bogazici within culturally heterogeneous and/or University, Istanbul, and Visiting Associate structurally asymmetric societies. Professor, University of Minnesota. PONSACS draws from empirical data to review and refine some general theoretical Other We atherhead approaches to conflict management Center A f f i l i ates Conducting Researc h through emphasis on the unique nature of on the Middle East asymmetric inter-group conflicts. The Donna Hicks Program works directly with groups in Herbert Kelman conflict and with third-party practitioners Lenore Martin to provide data and analysis and to suggest Rebecca Wolfe contextualized approaches for management. NONVIOLENT SANCTIONS A N D PONSACS is currently involved in applied C U LTURAL SURV I VA L research in Colombia,Ecuador, the Galapagos Islands, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. PONSACS The Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and also hosts the “Oil in Fragile Environments” Cultural Survival (PONSACS) is a research Dialogues, bringing together oil companies, program within the Weatherhead Center for indigenous organizations, and environmental International Affairs. Since January 1995, NGOs to discuss the social and environmental Professor David Maybury-Lewis has directed impact of oil exploration in Latin America. the program. Under his direction,the program formally links two complementary strands of Program director David Maybury-Lewis and Harvard-based research. associate director Theodore Macdonald edit a Specifically, the program seeks to: monograph series titled “Cultural Survival Provide detailed regional and local analysis Studies in Ethnicity and Change.”During the to verify and test “early warning” data 1998-99 academic year, PONSACS will gleaned from the PANDA Protocol. PANDA conduct a seminar series on Ethnicity, Conflict, (the Protocol for the Assessment of and Change focusing on asymmetric Nonviolent Direct Action) incorporates a relationships between indigenous peoples near real time monitoring capability into a and the state, land and resource tenure, global, comparative framework, which is human and group rights,and cases of interpreted and refined by case studies. nonviolent struggle and theory. For more Such an approach is increasingly regarded details,please see the program’s Web site at: as essential for interpreting “early warning http://data.fas.harvard.edu/cfia/pnscs. signs,” practising conflict management, and reducing human rights abuses.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 4 3 A f f i l i ates of the Program on democratization, cons i d ered from a wid e ran g e N o nviolent Sanctions and of met h o dol o gic a l traditions. Each week, Cultural Surv i va l doctoral students at all st a g es of the res e a r ch Douglas Bond, Associate Director proce s s ,f rom preli m i n a r y prospectus drafting Joseph Bond, Center Associate to thesis completion, present their work, with Gernot Brodnig, Center Associate other workshop members serving as Theodore Macdonald, Associate Director discussants. Those leading the seminar also David Maybury-Lewis, Director pres e nt their work- i n - p rogres s ; indeed, a key Churl Oh, Research Affiliate feature of the seminar is its commitment to Jennifer Schirmer, Center Associate the notion of research as a common enterprise Kurt Schock, Visiting Scholar in which scholars at all stages of training and Jayson Silva, Research Affiliate experience benefit from sharing their ideas and getting feedback on their work. Occasionally, Other We atherhead Center A f f i l i ates Conducting Research the seminar invites ot h e r scho l a r s to pres en t on Nonviolent Sanctions and th e ir work- i n - p rogres s . Guest presenters over Cultural Surv i va l the past two years have included Robert Bates, Jennifer Schirmer Thomas Ertman, Steven Vogel, Deborah Yashar,Michael Sandel, Ron Inglehart, Jorge PERFORMANCE OF DEMOCRACIES Domínguez, Theda Skocpol, and Gary King. This seminar, now in its fifth year, is a year- R e s e a rch Workshop on the long research workshop for Harvard doctoral Performance of Democracy students in the social sciences focusing on September 24 problems of democracy and democratization, “After Twenty Years: The Future of the broadly defined, as they arise in a broad range Third Wave,” Sam Huntington of countries at all stages of development and Discussant: Joshua Tucker democratization. In 1997-98, the Sawyer October 1 Workshop was led by Eva Bellin,Sam “King, Verba, Keohane Revisited,” Sid Verba Huntington, and Susan Pharr. Discussant: Kanchan Chandra Supported initially by a grant from the October 8 Mellon Foundation, the seminar was “Democratization in Latin America,” developed under the leadership of Robert Jorge Domínguez Putnam when he was director of the Center. Discussant: Jacques Hymans It is overseen by an Executive Committee October 15 consisting of Jorge Domínguez, Samuel “Variation in Ethnic Mobilization in Huntington, Susan Pharr, Robert Putnam, Republics of the Russian Federation,” Michael Sandel, and Theda Skocpol. Dmitry Gorenburg In the seminar, for which advanced Discussant: Eva Bellin graduate students receive academic credit, October 22 participants are offered the opportunity to Grant Proposal Workshop present their own work-in-progress on issues and problems relating to democracy and October 29 French Revolution to World War Two,” “When and Why do Ethnic Parties Thomas Ertman Succeed?” Kanshan Chandra Discussant: Eva Bellin Discussant: Dmitry Gorenburg February 11 November 5 “Capital and Labor: Agents of “Variation in Patterns of Ethnic Voting in Democratization? Comparative Lessons One-Party and Multi-Party Elections in from Tunisia, Indonesia, Korea, and Zambia,” Dan Posner Mexico,” Eva Bellin Discussant: Bonnie Meguid Discussant: Khaled Helmy November 12 February 18 “Islamists in Parliament: Institutions and “Political Geography and Mapping of The Politics of Islamist Pragmatism in Democratic Citizenship(s) in Latin Egypt and Jordan,” Khaled Helmy America” and “Contesting Citizenship: Discussant: Naunihal Singh Indigenous Movements and Democracy,” November 19 Deborah Yashar “Recent Health Care Reforms in Japan: Discussant: Jacques Hymans Interest Politics Resurgent?” Paul Talcott February 25 Discussant: Eva Bellin “Can Japan Disengage? Winners and Losers December 4 in Japan’s Political Economy, and the Ties “Atomic Fires: Nuclear Weapons and that Bind Them,” Steven Vogel National Identity,” Jacques Hymans Discussant: Paul Talcott Discussant: Kristin Smith March 4 December 10 “...Anywhere he wants: An exploration of “Analytical Narratives:”and “The coups in Sub-Saharan Africa,”Dissertation International Coffee Organization: An Propectus, Naunihal Singh International Institution?” Robert Bates Discussant: Amy Crutchfield Discussant: Sam Huntington “‘Legitimate’ Participation: Theory and Practice in Russia,” Amy Crutchfield December 17 Discussant: Benjamin Read “The Political Class in the United Kingdom: The professionalization of the career March 11 politician,” Uwe Jun “Particular Particularisms? The Social Discussant: Sam Huntington Origins of the Left-Right Differences “Whe n Identi t y Determines Outcome s : The among Western Europe’s Regional Dif f erent ial Imp a ct of Regio nal Devol utio n on Nationalisms,” Albino Santos Imm i g rants in Wes t ern Eur ope”and “Et h n i c Discussant: Bonnie Meguid Sepa ra t ist Movemen t s , ” Bonnie Megu i d March 18 Discussant: Uwe Jun “Protecting Doctors and Grandmothers? February 4 Interest Representation in Japanese Health “Parties, Nationbuilding and Care Policy,” Paul Talcott Democratization in Western Europe the Discussant: Sam Huntington

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 4 5 “Approaches to Political Party Development Pa rt i c i p a n t s in East Cent ral Eur ope, ” Anna Grz ym a l a - Bu s s e Faculty: Discussant: Jacques Hymans Samuel P.Huntington, Albert J.Weatherhead April 1 III University Professor, Department “Ethno-Federalism and Nationalist of Government Mobilization: Minority Nationalist Susan J.Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer Professor Movements in the Russian Federation,” of Japanese Pol i ti c s , Depa r tme nt of Go vernm en t Dmitry Gorenburg Eva Bellin, Associate Professor, Department Discussant: Joshua Tucker of Government “Dependence and Political Control Graduate Students: in the Changing Chinese Work Unit,” Amy Crutchfield, Department of Government Benjamin Read Kan c han Cha n d ra , Depa r tme nt of Go vernm en t Discussant: Paul Talcott Dm i t ry Gorenbu rg , Depa r tme nt of Go vernm en t April 8 Khalid Helmy, Department of Government “The Resurgence of Political Culture in Jacques Hymans, Department of Government Postmodern Politics,” Ron Inglehart Uwe Jun, Thyssen Fellow, Center for April 15 International Affairs “Corruption and Public Trust in Japan,” Bonnie Meguid, Department of Government Susan Pharr Dan Posner, Department of Government Discussant: Thomas Ertman Benjamin Read, Department of Government “‘It’s The Economy Comrade’ Economic Albino Santos, Department of Government Conditions and Election Results in Russia, Naunihal Singh, Department of Government Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Kristin Smith, Department of Government Slovakia,” Joshua Tucker Paul Talcott, Department of Government Discussant: Albino Santos Joshua Tucker, Department of Government April 22 We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s “Political Systems Under Attack: A Theory Conducting Research on the of Mainstream Party Reaction to Minor Performance of Democracies Party Challengers,” Bonnie Meguid Timothy Colton Discussant: Dmitry Gorenburg David A. Deese “Islamist Political Programs in Comparative Jorge I. Domínguez Perspective,” Khaled Helmy Uwe Jun Discussant: Dan Posner Trevor Munroe April 29 Maria Victoria Murillo “The Media Communication Party: Daniel Posner A New Party Model Emerges,” Uwe Jun Julia Raiskin Discussant: Susan Pharr Dani Rodrik “Oppositional Nationalism and the Bomb: Frank Schwartz The French Case,” Jacques Hymans Richard Simeon Discussant: Uwe Jun Paul Talcott Richard Tucker November 12 (MIT) Steven Vogel “Post-Colonial Legacies of the Colonial Carolyn Warner State,” K. Anthony Appiah, Department of Deborah Yashar Afro - Am e rican Stud i e s , Har var d Uni versi t y. December 12 (Harvard) H A RVARD/MIT JOINT SEMINAR “The End of Empire in Africa,” Robert ON POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT Rotberg, Harvard Institute for International For the thirty-fourth consecutive year, Development, Harvard University. Harvard’s Weatherhead Center for February 11 (MIT) International Affairs and the Center for “The Soviet Legacy in Central Asia: Ethnic International Studies at the Massachusetts Cleavages and the Absence of Conflict,” Institute of Technology co-sponsored the Joint Pauline Jones Luong, Department of Seminar on Political Development (JOSPOD). Political Science, Yale University. Alternating between Harvard and MIT, the March 18 (Harvard) seminar series met six Wednesday evenings “The Political Economy of Latin American throughout the academic year to bring Independence,” John Coatsworth, together scholars and practitioners of political Department of History, Harvard University. development, mainly from the Boston area. In 1997-98 scholars discussed and debated the April 15 (MIT) theme: “The End of the Empire.” Each meeting “Japan’s Contribution to Korea’s Economic began with a presentation by an invited Success,” Atul Kholi Department of Politics, speaker or panel of speakers on a topic related Princeton University. to the general theme of the year.An hour-long We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s discussion followed each presentation. The Conducting Research on Comparat i ve seminar was co-chaired by Professors Jorge I. Politics and Political Deve l o p m e n t Domínguez (Har var d) and Myron Wein e r (MIT). Steven Benfell St ephe n Wil k i n s o n served as execu tive secr eta r y. John Coatsworth H a rva rd/MIT Joint Seminar on David Deese Political Deve l o p m e n t : “The End Jorge I. Domínguez of the Empire ” Devesh Kapur Chairs: Jorge I. Domínguez (Weatherhead Peggy Levitt Center) and Myron Weiner (MIT) Maria Victoria Murillo Daniel Posner October 8 (Harvard) Julia Raiskin “The Relationship between Westernization Richard Snyder and Modernization,” Samuel Huntington, Department of Government, Harvard University.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 4 7 P O L I T I CAL ECONOMY Foreign Service, American University and The Center sponsored four activities in the Institute for International Economics. area of political economy during the 1997-98 “Monetary policy rules in practice: some academic year: an informal faculty discussion international evidence.” Richard Clarida, group on political economy; the Research Economics, Columbia,and Mark Gertler, Group on the Political Economy of European Economics,NYU. Integration; the Workshop on the Political “The Electoral System(s) of the European Economy of Reform in Developing Countries; Union: How Economically Distortionary and the Workshop on Comparative and Are They Likely to Be?” Ronald Rogowski, International Political Economy. Political Science,UCLA. Faculty Discussion Group on “Notes on the Role of TARGET in a Stage III Political Economy Crisis,” Peter Garber, Economics, Brown. This group, begun by Professor Jeffry Frieden Roundtable discussion: “EMU: Whither, in 1995, continued to meet weekly throughout whether, how, and when?” Participants: the year, drawing faculty from Harvard’s Andrew Moravcsik, Government, Harvard; government and economics departments, the Dani Rodrik, Kennedy School of Harvard Law School, the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard; Jeffrey Shafer, Government,and from other Boston area Salomon Brothers. academic institutions. Each week the group March 6, 1998 discussed a previously distributed paper to Helzel Room, Haas School, UC Berkeley help foster an atmosphere of scholarly “Economic Integration and Industrial interchange on a wide range of subjects related Relations: Is Increasing Openness Bad to political economy. for Labor?” Miriam Golden, Political R e s e a rch Group on the Po l i t i c a l Science, UCLA. E c o n o my of European Integ r at i o n “Globalization and the Growth and Decline of The Research Group on the Political Economy Trade Unions: Where Have all the Members of European Integration is a joint activity of Gone?” Peter Lange and Lyle Scruggs, the Weatherhead Center and the Center for Political Science, Duke. German and European Studies (CGES) of the “Good, Bad or Ugly? On the Effects of Fiscal University of California. Two meetings were Rules with Creative Accounting,” Gian held this year, one on November 14, 1997 in Maria Milesi-Ferretti, Research Cambridge and the other on March 6,1998 in Department, International Monetary Fund. Berkeley. Additional meetings are planned for “Economic Integration and Mass Politics: 1998-1999. Market Liberalization and Public Attitudes Organizers: Jeffry Frieden, Andrew Rose, and in the European Union,” Matthew Gabel, Barry Eichengreen Political Science, University of Kentucky November 14, 1997 and University of Michigan. Cambridge, Massachusetts Roundtable discussion: “What are the Gross “International sources of European monetary benefits of EMU?” Participants: Charles integration,” Randall Henning, School of Engel, Economics, University of Washington, Ernst Haas, Political Science, May 6 UC Berkeley, and Andrew Rose, Haas Presenters: Dani Rodrik, Alberto Alesina, School, UC Berkeley. and Devesh Kapur Workshop on the Political Economy Workshop on Comparat i ve and of Reform in Developing Countries I n t e rn ational Political Economy Jorge Domínguez and David A. Deese led this The Workshop on Comparative and faculty and Ph.D. student research workshop. International Political Economy, begun in Scholars from all relevant disciplines were 1995, continued in 1997-98 and expanded to invited to present, for detailed review and include a greater focus on comparative discussion, their current research on the political economy. The workshop involved five politics and economics of reform in faculty associates: Alberto Alesina, Jeffry developing countries and regions. Frieden, Peter Hall, Lisa Martin, and Steven The aim of the workshop is to isolate, test, Vogel. Approximately twelve graduate students and analyze the political and civil determinants participated regularly in the workshop, as well of economic reform and stability in developing as outside speakers as noted in the attached regions, with special attention to the relative schedule. Meetings of the workshop included economic and financial performance of presentation of ongoing research by faculty democratizing and democratic polities. By members and graduate students,and integrating the findings and methodologies of development of dissertation prospectuses political economy (domestic and by students. international) and political regimes, and Fall 1997 drawing on scholarly work representing the September 16 full range of developing countries and regions, Organization and introduction it offers important policy insights and September 23 implications for Africa, Central Asia, and the Internal meeting—read and discuss Gary Middle East, as well as regions further King, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba, advanced in democratization, such as Latin Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference America, East Central Europe,and East Asia. in Qualitative Research (Princeton: Special emphasis is given to research with an Princeton University Press, 1994),and empirical base in actual countries and regions David Laitin, James Caporaso, David that relies on archives and country and region Collier, Ronald Rogowski, Sidney Tarrow, data. Professors Domínguez and Deese hope to and Gary King, Robert Keohane, and produce an edited book which will draw upon Sidney Verba, “The Qualitative-Quantitative selected papers from the Workshop. Disputation: Gary King, Robert O. Workshop Sessions Keohane, and Sidney Verba’s Designing April 27 Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Presenters: Trevor Munroe, Josh Tucker, Qualitative Research,” American Political Smita Singh, and Karissa Price Science Review 89, No. 2 (June 1995), pp. 454-480.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 4 9 September 30 Economy, Brown University): “States, firms Internal meeting—choosing a research and regional production hierarchies in East problem. Read and discuss Barbara Geddes, and Southeast Asia: Converging towards the “How the Cases You Choose Affect the Anglo-American model?” Answers You Get: Selection Bias in December 9 Comparative Politics,” Political Analysis 2 Internal meeting—presentations by Mark (1990). Second hour - presentation by Duckenfield and Jeff Ritter. Christina Davis. December 16 October 7 Five-page précis of research problem, Internal meeting—presentations by Gabriel approach, hypotheses,and empirical Aguilera and Natalia Tsvetkova. methods due. Internal meeting— October 14 presentations by Natalia Tsvetkova and Public seminar—Susanne Lohmann Gabriel Aguilera (second round). (Political Science, UCLA):“Federalism and Spring 1998 Central Bank Independence: The Politics of February 3 German Monetary Policy, 1957-1992.” Internal meeting—presentations by Lucy October 21 Goodhart and Maurits van der Veen. One-page statement of research problem February 10 due. Internal meeting - presentations by Internal meeting—presentations by Alex Samuel and Maurits van der Veen. Christina Davis and Natalia Tsvetkova. October 28 February 17 Public seminar—Roberto Perotti Public seminar—Alberto Alesina (Economics, Columbia, with Yianos (Economics and Government, Harvard Kontopoulos):“Fragmented Fiscal Policy.” University), “The political economy of November 4 fiscal adjustments.” Internal meeting—presentations by Eric February 24 Thun and Kellee Tsai. Draft dissertation proposal due. Internal November 18 meeting—presentations by Michael Tomz Two-page statement of research problem and Kelly Tsai. and proposed approach due. Public March 3 seminar—Leslie Elliott Armijo (Political Internal meeting—presentations by Science, Northeastern University):“Politics Jeff Frieden. and finance in Brazil and India.” March 10 November 25 Internal meeting—presentations by Maurits Internal meeting—presentations by van der Veen and Steve Vogel. Michael Tomz, Lucy Goodhart. December 2 Public seminar—Robert Wade (Political Science and International Political March 17 Dani Rodrik Internal meeting—presentations by Gabriel Frank Schwartz Aguilera and Lucy Goodhart. Richard Snyder March 24 Michael Tomz Spring break. Kellee Tsai Celeste Wallander March 31 Public seminar—Gary Cox (Department SOUTH A S I A of Political Science, UC San Diego), “Mobilization, Social Networks, and Es t a bl i s h e d in 1989, the Sou th Asia Semi n a r Turnout: Evidence from Japan.” comp l e ted its ninth year in 1997-98. Sin c e its inception , the seminar has had an April 7 in t erdi s c i p l i n a r y orien t a ti o n and has focu s e d Internal meeting—presentations by prin c i p a l ly on three sets of is su e s : ethnic and Christina Davis and Natalia Tsvetkova. reli g ious conf l i ct s , econo mic reform, and Sout h April 14 Asian secu ri t y. Sch o l a r s from the Uni t ed States , Revised draft dissertation proposal due. the Uni t ed Kin g dom, and Sou th Asia along wit h Public seminar—Lawrence Broz le a ding journalists have pres en t ed their work at (Department of Government, Harvard the semi n a r . In ad d i ti on ,d i gn i t a ries have also University),“Economic Integration and add re s s e d the seminar period i c a l ly. Domestic Policymaking Institutions.” Sin c e 1993-94, gradua t e stud ents comp l e tin g April 21 di s s e rta ti o n res e a r ch on Sou th Asia have also Public seminar—David Soskice pres en t ed their work at the Sou th Asia Semi n a r . (Wissenschaftszentrum, Berlin), This year Kan c han Ch a n d ra ,P h . D. ca n d i d a t e in “The Political Economy of European the Depa r tme nt of Go vernm en t , Har var d Monetary Union.” Uni versi t y, pres en t ed her res e a r ch on ele ction s April 28 in Ind i a . Internal meeting—presentations by Gabriel As in previous yea rs , the Sou th Asia Semi n a r Aguilera and Kellee Tsai. was funded by the Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er for We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s Int erna ti o nal Aff a i r s and the Cent er for the Conducting Research on Po l i t i c a l Stu d y of World Reli gi on s . E c o n o my South Asia Seminar Steven Benfell Timothy Colton Chairs: Devesh Kapur and Pratap Mehta Richard Cooper September 26 David Deese “Caste: A Systemic Change?” M.N. Srinivas, Jorge I. Domínguez Professor Emeritus, Delhi School of Devesh Kapur Economics and Sociology. Oleg Kharkhordin October 17 János Kornai “The Crisis of Governance in Pakistan,” Trevor Munroe Tariq Banuri, Research Advisor, Sustainable Maria Victoria Murillo Development Policy Institute, Islamabad;

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 5 1 and Chair, IUCN’s Commission on We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s Environment, Economic and Social Policy. Conducting Research on November 7 South A s i a “Routine Repression: Exaggeration as a William Fisher Method of Repression in Rural India,” Devesh Kapur Dipankar Gupta, Professor of Sociology, Margaret Madajewicz Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Sanjay Reddy Delhi; and Visiting Professor of Sociology, JOHN M. OLIN INSTITUTE FOR University of Massachusetts, Amherst. S T R ATEGIC STUDIES November 21 The John M. Olin Institute for Strategic “The Rise and Fall of the Bhutto Charisma,” Studies, founded July 1, 1989 as an Ijaz Gilani, Director , Pakistan Institute of autonomous entity within the Weatherhead Public Opinion, Islamabad. Center for International Affairs,was the result December 12 of an expansion and institutionalization of the “Can Bureaucracies Reform from Within? Center’s program in national security studies The Case of the Indian Administrative made possible by the initiative and expanded Service,” Naresh Chandra, former Cabinet support of the John M. Olin Foundation. Secretary and Ambassador of India to the In its first nine years, 1989-1998,the United States. Institute sponsored research by eighteen February 13 professors and visiting scholars and over “Snatching Defeat from Victory? The ninety John M. Olin Pre- and Postdoctoral Lessons of Maruti for India’s Public Sector Fellows in National Security. Completed Reforms,” R.C. Bhargava, former C.E.O., Institute research projects have dealt with: the Maruti Udyog, Ltd. changing role of Congress in the formulation March 19 of U.S. foreign and defense policy;Russian and Rou n d t a b le Dis c u s s i o n on Indian Election s , American approaches to the post-cold war Ash utosh Var s h n e y, Ass oc i a t e Profes s o r of world; the decline of multinational continental Go vernm en t ; Pratap Meht a , Ass oc i a t e empires; the economic balance of power; the Profes s o r of Go vernm en t ; De vesh Kap u r , politics of civilizations in the post-cold war Assistant Profes s o r of Go vernm en t ; Kan ch a n world; the changing security environment and Cha n d ra , Ph . D . ca n d i d a te , Depa r tme nt of American national interests; and the U.S. Go vernm en t , Har var d Uni versi t y. military in post-cold war American society. April 3 Activities of the Institute have also included “The Judiciary and Religion in India,” Gary the Program in Economics and National Jacobsohn, Woodrow Wilson Professor of Security and the Harvard Russian Institute of Political Science, Williams College. International Affairs in Moscow. Topics of April 10 current research projects include: East Asian “The Asian Crisis: Implications for South security; the future of war;American national Asia,” John Williamson, Chief Economist identity and national interests; non-rational for South Asia, World Bank. aspects of deterrence; peacetime planning and wartime outcomes; and demography and national security. The Institute also sponsors conducts his own research at the Institute, and several national security conferences and serves as the associate director of the Institute. seminars and involves other scholars in its The Institute also supports the John M. Olin activities as Olin Associates. Research Associateship and Junior The central administration of the Institute Professorship, a joint position combining an in 1997-98 included: Samuel P.Huntington, assistant or associate professorship in the director; Stephen P.Rosen, associate director; Department of Government or the John F. Michael C. Desch, assistant director; Inga Kennedy School of Government with Peterson, program coordinator; Andrew administrative and research responsibilities Erdmann, chair,National Security Studies at the Institute. This position was previously Group; Carol Edwards,assistant to the held by Professors Robert Powell (now at the director; and R. Scott Zimmerman, research University of California, Berkeley) and Stephen assistant. The 1997-98 work-study assistants P. Rosen.A new appointment to this position were Chung Lee-Hyung, Kristopher Galletta, will be made in 1998-1999. and Jeff Keating.In 1998-99, Michael Desch John M. Olin Fe l l ows will no longer be in residence at the Institute in National Security and John Mercer is replacing Andrew For seventeen years the Olin Institute and Erdmann as chair of the National Security its predecessor program have appointed pre- Studies Group. and postdoctoral fellows in national security. The John M. Olin Foundation provides the During the 1997-1998 academic year, the basic funding for the Institute and its activities. Institute hosted three predoctoral fellows, five In 1997-98, The Lynde and Harry Bradley postdoctoral fellows, one Bradley Fellow, one Foundation supported the thirteenth annual Air Force National Defense Fellow, and one Conference on Strategy and National Security, Navy Federal Executive Fellow. Seven faculty as well as other activities. The Carnegie members and one visiting scholar also actively Corporation supported the Harvard Russian participated in the work of the Institute. In Institute of International Affairs. The Office of 1997-1998, fourteen books and sixty-seven the Secretary of Defense provided funding for articles were published by authors associated the research project on East Asian Security. with the Institute. The Northrop Corporation provided funding for research travel and meetings. Other R e s e a rch Project on East A s i a n nongovernmental sources also contributed to S e c u r i t y : 1 9 9 3 - 2 0 1 0 the support of Institute activities. This project, directed by Stephen Peter Rosen, concluded its initial phase in April 1997, and The Beton Michael Kaneb Professorship of the work completed by Professors Thomas National Security and Military Affairs is an Christensen of MIT,Aaron Friedberg of endowed chair made possible by the generosity Princeton University, Arthur Waldron of the of Mr.John Kaneb. The Olin Institute University of Pennsylvania, and Iain Johnston administers the chair and provides support to of Harvard,was presented to the sponsor, the its incumbent,Stephen Peter Rosen, who Office of Net Assessment in the Office of the teaches in the Government Department, Secretary of Defense, at a conference at the

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 5 3 Naval War College in April 1997. The report manuscript, Gender Detente: A Third Wave of focused on quantitative analysis of the use of Feminist Analysis of the U.S. Army, and Mr. force by the People’s Republic of China,long- Thomas Ricks of the Wall Street Journal term aspects of Chinese strategic perspectives, published Making the Corps. Professor Miller and the interaction between the PRC, Japan, was also a consultant to the Secretary of the and Taiwan. Army’s Panel on Sexual Harassment and co- At the request of the sponsor, the project is author of a Congressionally mandated RAND now undertaking an historical examination of study on women in the military. In all, the long-term strategic competitions among fourteen working papers have been or will be East Asian powers. This phase of the project published in association with the U.S. Military will support work by Stephen Peter Rosen and in Post-Cold war American Society Project: Aaron Friedberg, and will be completed by the 1. Michael Desch, Olin Institute and Sharon spring of 1999. Weiner, MIT, eds., “Colin Powell as JCS Chairman: A Panel Discussion on U. S . M i l i t a ry in Post-Cold Wa r American Civil-Military Relations.” American Society In 1995,the Olin Institute launched a major 2. Lau r a Mill e r, Olin Ins ti t ute ,“ Feminism and research project on the U.S. military in post- the Exclus i o n of Army Wome n from Comb a t . ” cold war American society. Under the auspices 3. Th o mas E. Rick s , The Wal l Stree t Journ a l , of this project, the Institute sponsored a series “On Ame rican Soil : The Wid ening Gap of in-depth studies exploring issues concerning betw een the U.S . Mil i t a r y and U.S . Soci e ty.” the role of the American military and the 4. Peter D.Feaver, Department of Political nature of American civil-military relations. Science, Duke University, “Delegation, The project addressed such issues as conflicts Monitoring, and Civilian Control of the between civilian and military leaders,the civil Military: Agency Theory and American versus military interpretation of force Civil-Military Relations.” projection,the use of the military in non- 5. Lawrence J. Korb, Brookings Institution, traditional roles, cutbacks in military “The Military and Social Change.” spending, and the recent politicization of military figures and the military establishment. 6. William J. Gregor, School of Advanced Professor Michael Desch, the project director, Military Studies, U.S. Army Command formed a senior advisory council composed of and General Staff College, “Toward a a small number of distinguished scholars, Revolution in Civil-Military Affairs: retired officers, and former government Understanding the United States Military officials to help select working papers, book in the Post-Cold War World.” topics, and authors. 7. David E. Johnson, National Defense During the 1997 year, Professor Desch University, “Wielding the Terrible Swift completed his own book, Civilian Control Sword: The American Military Paradigm of the Military: The Changing Security and Civil-Military Relations.” Environment, and assistant director, Professor 8. Chri s t ophe r P.Gib s o n and Do n M. Sni d er, Laura Miller continued work on her book Uni t ed States Mil i t a r y Aca demy at West Poin t , “E xplaining Pos t - C old War Civil - Mi l i t a r y H a rva rd Russian Institute of Rela ti on s : A New Ins ti t utio nalist Approach. ” I n t e rn ational A f f a i r s 9. Vol k er Fran ke , Max w ell Scho ol of From 1994 to 1997, the Olin Institute Citi z enship and Pub lic Aff a i rs , Syracu s e supported a branch office in Moscow, the Uni versi t y, “Le a r ning Pea ce: Atti tu d es of Harvard Russian Institute of International the Futur e Officers Towa r d the Secu ri t y Affairs, the goals of which were to provide Requi r eme nts of the Pos t - C old War World . ” short-term research support and employment to Russian academics undertaking scholarly 10. Sharon K. Weiner, Security Studies research on international relations and security Program, Political Science Department, issues and to stimulate greater scholarly MIT, “The Changing of the Guard: The interaction between Russians and Americans. Role of Congress in Defense Organization Dur ing this tim e , the Ins ti t ute spons o red the and Reorganization in the Cold War.” work of fou r teen Russian fello ws. The Cent ral 11. Richard H. Kohn, University of North adm i n i s t rati o n of the Russian Ins ti t ute includ ed Carolina, Chapel Hill, “The Forgotten Prof. Mich a el Des ch , Ins ti t ute director, and Amy Fundamentals of Civilian Control of the Crutchf i el d , res i d ent director. Military in Democratic Government.” The mission of the Ins ti t ute was threefol d : 12. Robert F.Hahn II, Army Aft er Next Proje ct, fi rs t , to promo t e aca demic res e a r ch on U.S . Army Training and Doctrine Comm a n d , in t erna ti o nal rel a ti ons and foreig n pol i c y “Po l i t ics for War rio rs: The Pol i t ical Educ a ti o n is su e s , with particular attenti o n to the role of of Profes s i o nal Mil i t a r y Officers. ” the new Russia in world affairs; se cond , to 13. Ole Holsti, Duke University,“A Widening enco u ra g e interactio n betw een Russian and Gap Between the Military and Civilian Ame rican sch o l a rs ,i n cluding faci l i t a ti o n of Society? Some Evidence, 1976-1996.” ar chi val res e a r ch by Ame rican scho l a r s by 14. Michael Desch, Olin Institute,and emp l o ying part- t ime archi vists to serve as Sharon Weiner, MIT, eds., “The U.S. cont ract res e a r ch assistants; and third, to Marines as Extremist?” provid e sup port to young Russian scho l a r s of in t erna ti o nal rel a ti on s ,t h ereby ena b ling them The civil-military relations project concluded to work independ ent l y of st a t e sup port and to on Sunday, October 26, 1997, in Baltimore, enco u ra g e their develo pme nt of Wes t ern with a panel discussion of the project’s res e a r ch skills . f i n d i n gs and policy recom m en d a ti on s . Th e proj ect con ti nues to receive sign i f i c a n t In add i ti o n to informal sem i n a rs ,t h e attention from the media, government,and Russian Ins ti t ute hosted two larger event s . The academia. Professors Desch and Miller fi r st of these was a conf erenc e on NATO frequently commented or were quoted on exp a n s i on , fea tu r ing pres en t a ti o ns by the current developments in U.S. civil-military NATO repres en t a t ive in Mos c ow and the relations in television, radio, and print media, Russian foreig n ministry. Par ticipants includ ed and the Institute’s working papers have been repres en t a t ives of a num b er of Ea s t ern and widely circulated. Wes t ern Eur opean embassies (including the Romanian ambassador) , mem b ers of th e Russian pres i d ent ial advis o ry staff, sch o l a rs ,

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 5 5 and the pres s . The second event was occ a s i on ed the Brookings Institution. The project also by Profes s o r Samu e l Hun ti n g t on’s visit to supported work by Iain Johnston on Chinese Mos c ow in May 1997. The U.S . embassy hosted strategic culture that was incorporated in his a dinner serie s , brin g ing togeth e r sixty- f i ve book Cultural Realism and work by Zachary mem b ers of Mos c ow’ s po l i ti c a l ,s ch o l a rly, an d Karabell that produced an article on the jo u rn a l i s t ic eli t e for an intens i ve convers a ti on strategic perspective of Islamic states and non- abo u t the provoca t ive “clash of ci vil i z a ti on s ” state actors, which was published in Foreign th e s i s , and its bea r ing on the “R ussia que s ti on . ” Policy. Finally, the project supported work by Professor Rosen on nuclear weapons T h ree Challenges proliferation and alliances politics that was In the course of work on The Changing incorporated into an Institute for Defense Security Environment and American National Analysis book project on nuclear proliferation. Security Project, three potential challenges Samuel P.Huntington’s article, “The Clash of emerged as centrally important and as Civilizations,” in Foreign Affairs, stimulated deserving substantial attention: first, the widespread interest and comment. Huntington changing nature of warfare,particularly the has since developed a more detailed study of trend toward lower-intensity war, and what is the relations among civilizations which deals called the “revolution in military affairs,” with,among other topics, the nature of which is the result of the application of the civilizations, the relationship between new information technologies to the conduct modernization and Westernization, the shifting of war; second, an emerging trend toward balance of power among civilizations,the world conflict taking place along cultural, impact of Muslim population growth and rather than economic or ideological lines, what Chinese economic growth on global stability, Samuel P.Huntington has termed “the clash of the cultural resurgence of non-Western civilizations”; and third,the utility of societies, the dynamics of “fault line wars” economic power in a world in which the between civilizations,and the prospects for an balance of power and the relationships among international order based on civilizations. The states may increasingly be determined by Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of economic rather than military factors. These World Order was published in late 1996. Since three issues are centrally important to the that time, the book has been extensively future of international politics and are certain reviewed and discussed in countries to be major foci of strategic studies in the throughout the world, and is being translated coming years. into eighteen other languages. The future of war section of this project, With the end of the Cold War, military directed by Stephen Peter Rosen, produced competition among major states gave way to a work that has appeared as books, monographs, new international order in which economic and articles in the academic year 1996-1997. rivalry and conflict assumed greater Specifically, the project supported work by prominence in world affairs. Traditionally, Susan Marquis that produced a monograph on theorists, in referring to the “balance of the U.S. Special Operations Forces community power,” meant the balance of military forces, that,in an expanded form,was published as and argued that outcomes in international the book Unconventional Warfare in 1997 by affairs were largely a function of which state works in progress. During the 1997-98 had the greatest military power. This project academic year, the seminar group was chaired focused on the “balance of economic power.” by Andrew Erdmann. The organizing issue of this study concerned September 22 the applicability of this concept to the world “Security, Peace, and Democracy in Latin economy. The studies that flowed from this America and the Caribbean: Challenges for issue could be conceptualized in terms of three the Post-Cold War Era,” Jorge Domínguez, broad sets of questions. The first focused Harvard University. generally on the nature and utility of economic September 29 power and the applicability of the balance of “Historical Knowledge, Scientific power concept, the second on how changing Generalizations, and International Policies,” economic growth rates influenced regional Philip Zelikow, Harvard University. security, and the third on whether trade produced “positive sum” or “zero sum” October 6 outcomes.A major theme of this project was “How Bomb Makers are Remaking China,” the future of U.S. foreign economic policy. Evan Feigenbaum, Olin Institute. Ethan Kapstein of the University of Minnesota, October 20 and Michael Mastanduno of Dartmouth “The Cuban Missile Crisis: Who Got it College played the lead roles in developing this Right and Who Got it Wrong,” Timothy project. The project sponsored two workshops, Naftali, Yale University, with comment by which they chaired,“Realism and International Philip Zelikow. Relations After the Cold War,” and, “Great October 27 Powers and Grand Strategies: Realism after the “Growing Artificial Societies,” Joshua Cold War.” The meetings were held at Harvard Epstein, Brookings Institution and Santa April 7 - 8,1995, and December 8 - 10,1995, Fe Institute. and were attended by fifteen professors from November 3 various universities. An edited volume from “Three Cultures of Anarchy,” Alexander this project, entitled Unipolar Politics: Realism Wendt, Dartmouth University. and State Strategies after the Cold War is forthcoming. November 10 “Defending Europe and the Dollar: Seminars and Confere n c e s Security, Monetary Relations, and the N ational Securities Study Gro u p Politics of the U.S. Balance of Payments, For over a decade the Institute and its 1958-1968,” Francis Gavin, Olin Institute. predecessor program have sponsored the November 17 National Security Studies Group, a weekly “Security Management in the Nineteenth seminar for Weatherhead Center affiliates with Century: The Concert of Europe, ” Louise an interest in strategic studies. The seminar Richardson, Harvard University. series gives speakers the opportunity to present November 24 published and unpublished papers, as well as “A Flexible Deployment of Theater Missile

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 5 7 Defense: A U.S.-Japanese Response to Revolution in Military Affairs,” Kathleen China’s Future,” Masahiro Matsumura, Conley, USAF/Olin Institute. Olin Institute. April 13 December 1 “The Roots of Reputation: How Decision “Chinese Theories of Victory,” Arthur Makers Predict Their Adversaries’ Actions Waldron, Olin Institute. During Crises,” Daryl Press, Olin Institute. December 8 April 20 “States,Scarcity, and Civil Strife in “Is Anybody Still a Realist? Paradigms and the Developing World,” Colin Kahl, Progress in IR Theory,” Andrew Moravcsik, Olin Institute. Harvard University. December 15 April 27 “Israel’s Security Revolution,” Eliot “The Burden of Success - Maintaining Cohen, SAIS. America’s Strategic Edge in the 21st February 2 Century,” James Stein, USN/Olin Institute. “Status and War:Is the Relationship Over?” May 11 William Wohlforth, Yale University. “Looking Back from the Future: How to February 9 Design and Build the Army After Next,” “The Myth of Civil-Military Integration in Kalev Sepp, USA. the U.S. Aerospace Industry,” Eugene Gholz, Other Meetings and Seminars Olin Institute. October 24 February 23 “Surprise Down Under: The Secret “The New Cold War History: Implications History of Australia’s Nuclear Ambition,” for International Relations Theory,” John Jim Walsh, Lawrence-Livermore Lewis Gaddis, Yale University. National Laboratory. March 2 November 18 “Formal Theory and Security Studies,” “21st Century National Power Projection: Stephen Walt, University of Chicago. New Operational Concepts in Response to March 16 21st Century National Security Challenges.” “Yellow Peril or Righteous Fists?: Russia’s R.N. Ellithorpe, USMC. Ambivalent Response to the Boxer November 20 Rebellion of 1900,” David “Power Versus Norms: Why Nations Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, Forbear Nuclear Weapons,” T.V.Paul, Olin Institute. McGill University. March 30 December 9 “A Realist Foreign Policy,” Fareed Zakaria, “Latin America’s Violent Peace and Foreign Affairs. Explanations for the Use of Force,” David April 6 Mares, UCSD. “Campaigning for Change: Organizational December 11 Processes,Governmental Politics,and the “The Report of the Nati o nal Defense Pan el , ” Andrew Krepinevich, Center for Strategic May 14 and Budgetary Assessments. “The Great Powers and Security in February 18 Post-Soviet Space,” Robert Legvold, “Final Solutions: The Causes of Mass Columbia University. Killings and Genocide,” Benjamin East Asian Security Seminars Valentino, MIT. September 24 March 31 “Asia Pacific Multilateralism-Engaging “Israel’s National Security Doctrine,” Matan China and the United States’ Regional Vilnai, Israeli Defense Force. Security Institution,” Paul Evans, York April 14 University/Asia Center, Harvard University. “Alternative Security Environments in Asia October 22 Pacific,” Mike Mochizuki, Brookings “Ethnic Minorities in China,” June Teufel Institution. (Co-sponsored by the Program Dreyer, University of Miami. on U.S.-Japan Relations.) November 12 The Future of Wa r “The Understated Revolution in Chinese The Olin Ins ti t ute, the Belf er Cent er for Scienc e Science and Technology: Implications for and Int erna ti o nal Aff a i r s at the Kenn e dy Schoo l , the PLA in the 21st Century,” Wendy and the MIT Secu ri t y Studies Program conti nu e d Frieman, SAIC. to co- s p ons o r a seminar series on the futur e of December 10 wa rf a re . The meeti n gs ,a t tend ed by facu l t y “The Clinton-Jiang Summit: Views from mem b ers ,s en i or gradua t e stud ent s , and seni o r Beijing and Taipei,” Banning Garrett and st a f f mem b ers from both MIT and Har vard , Bonnie Glaser, Consultants on Asian exp l o re how the prepa ra ti o n for, the causes of, Security Affairs. and the condu c t of wa rf a r e wil l cha n g e in the pos t - c old war era .S tephe n P.Ros en ,a s s oc i a t e S t r at egy and National Security di r ector of the Olin Ins ti t ute, and Har vey C o n f e re n c e Sapo l s k y, di r ector of the MIT Secu ri t y Stud i e s June 11-13, 1998 Program , orga n i z ed and co- ch a i r ed the semi n a r . Wianno Club Cape Cod, Massachusetts October 30 “The Emerging World Balance of Power,” Celebrating more than a decade of tradition, Kenneth Waltz, University of California, the Olin Institute held its Thirteenth Annual Berkeley. Conference on Strategy and National Security. This year’s conference on energy and national April 30 security issues brought together forty experts “Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, on national security from academia, the Robert McNamara,the Joint Chiefs of Staff, private sector, and government, many of them and the Lies that Led to Vietnam,” H.R. former Olin Fellows, to discuss ongoing McMaster, 1st Squadron, 11th Armored research and critical policy issues concerning Cavalry Regiment (Opposing Force), challenges to U.S. national security. National Training Center.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 5 9 Thursday, June 11 Eugene Gholz Dinner Remarks: Colin Kahl James Schlesinger, Senior Advisor, Lehman Masahiro Matsumura Brothers, Inc. “Challenges to U.S. Security.” Daryl Press David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye Friday, June 12 James Stein Panel I: Alliances Arthur Waldron Chair: Michael Desch, Olin Institute Members: John Duffield, University of Olin Institute Faculty A f f i l i at e s Virginia; Richard Samuels, MIT; Stephen Marc Busch Walt, University of Chicago. Michael Desch Panel II:Demography Samuel Huntington A. Iain Johnston Chair: Samuel Huntington, Olin Institute Louise Richardson Members: Nicholas Eberstadt, American Stephen Rosen Enterprise Institute; Jack Goldstone, Celeste Wallander University of California, Davis; Myron Olin Institute Visiting Scholars Weiner, MIT. Jean-Luc di Paola-Galloni Dinner Remarks: Olin Institute Associates Paul Wolfowitz, Dean, SAIS/Johns Hopkins Robert Art University,“East Asian Security.” Thomas Christensen Saturday, June 13 Charles Cogan Panel III: Internal Wars/External Eliot Cohen Interventions Kurt Dassel Chair: Stephen Rosen, Olin Institute Andrew Erdmann Josef Joffe Members: Richard Betts, Columbia University; Ethan Kapstein Steven David, Johns Hopkins University; Elizabeth Kier Barbara Walter, University of California, Seung-Young Kim San Diego. Gideon Rose Panel IV: Domestic Challenges Mary Elise Sarotte Chair: Fareed Zakaria, Foreign Affairs Russell Seitz Members: Ole Holsti, Duke University; Richard Tucker Andrew Krepinevich, Center for Strategic Barbara Walter and Budgetary Assessments; Tony Smith, We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s Tufts University. Conducting Research on N ational Security Fe l l ow s S t r at egic Studies Michael C. Desch Kathleen Conley Evan Feigenbaum Amy Crutchfield Eugene Gholz Evan Feigenbaum Rusudan Gorgiladze Francis Gavin Helga Haftendorn entitled “Capital Mobility and Domestic Alastair Iain Johnston Policymaking Institutions.”James Alt, Jan-Marc Jouas professor of government, Harvard University, David Mares gave a presentation on December 1 entitled Masahiro Matsumura “How to Prepare for the Job Market.” Sadamasa Oue Funds were made available by the T.V.Paul Weatherhead Center to graduate student Timothy Prendergast associates on a competitive basis for short- Daryl Press term travel for dissertation research and for David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye participation in conference presentations. In Jennifer Schirmer 1997-98, graduate student associates were Celeste Wallander supported by Weatherhead Center funds to Glenn Weidner present papers at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association,the STUDENT PRO G R A M S Middle East Studies Association, and the Asian G r a d u ate Student A s s o c i at e s Studies Association. In 1997-98,the Center selected twenty-four GSA Luncheon Series graduate students from the departments of Chairs: Richard Horowitz and Anthropology, Economics, Government, the Kathleen O’Neill. Committee on Political Economy and October 10 Government, History, Sociology, the “Foreign Aid: The Role of Domestic Committee on Middle Eastern Studies,and Debates,” Maurits van der Veen, the Harvard Law School to be graduate student Department of Government. associates. Their dissertation topics included, among others,the politics of post-Socialism in October 31 Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, “National Borders and National Networks,” Middle Eastern politics and Arab-Israeli Carolyn Evans, Department of Economics. reconciliation, Chinese nationalism, inter- November 6 national trade, ethnic conflict, comparative “Explaining Patterns of GATT/WTO Trade politics and comparative democracy, electoral Complaints,” Christina Sevilla, Department institutions and political party systems, of Government. Latin American politics and comparative November 21 government,and U.S. foreign policy. “Sovereign Commitments: The Political These students met on a monthly basis over Economy of International Debt,” Michael lunch to present and discuss their dissertation Tomz, Department of Government. research topics. In addition,two talks by December 12 Harvard faculty were arranged specifically for “The Lessons of Rural Reform in Egypt,” graduate student associates. On April 24, Amy Johnson, History and Middle Lawrence Broz, associate professor of Eastern Studies. government, Harvard University, gave a talk

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 6 1 January 16 Political Economy of Developing Countries” “Birth of a Nation? International Law, and “Democratic Politics.” Boundary Demarcation and the Making of Session I: Topics in the Political Economy of Modern China, 1860-1911,” Richard Developing Countries Horowitz, Department of History. Discussant: Devesh Kapur, Assistant Professor March 6 of Government, Harvard University. “Changes in the Representation of “It’s the Economy, Comrade: Elections and Organized Interests: Health Care Policy Economic Conditions in Post-Communist Reform,1982-1997,” Paul Talcott, Countries,” Joshua Tucker, Ph.D. candidate Department of Government. in Government. March 13 “Decentralization in the Andes,” Kathleen “Non-State Actors in International O’Neill, Ph.D. candidate in Political Environmental Politics,” Wendy Franz, Economy and Government. Department of Government. “Do Creditors Ignore History? Reputation April 9 in International Credit Markets,” Michael “Congratulations: It’s a Party! The Growth Tomz, Ph.D. candidate in Government. of Mass Political Parties in Russia, 1993-96,” “Institutions as Investments: Explaining the Jos h ua Tuc ker, Depa r tme nt of Go vernm en t . Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment in May 1 China during the Reform Era,” Fu Jun, “The Politics of Macroeconomic Ph.D. candidate in Government. Policymaking in Indonesia and Nigeria,” Session II: Democratic Politics Smita Singh, Department of Government. Discussant: Eva Bellin, Associate Professor of G r a d u ate Student A s s o c i at e Government, Harvard University. C o n f e rence “ N ew Research Fro n t i e r s : “Gerontocracy or Democracy? Generational I n t e rd i s c i p l i n a ry Pe r s p e c t i ves on Global A f f a i r s ” Politics and Social Welfare in Japan,” Paul Talcott, Ph.D. candidate in Government. May 15, 1998 Seminar Room 2, Coolidge Hall “Democratic Transitions and Women’s Rights: Reasons for Chile’s Different Path,” The Weatherhead Center hosted a graduate Mala Htun, Ph.D. candidate in student associate conference, which provided Government. an opportunity for the presenters, eight Harvard Ph.D. candidates in residence at the “Are Democracies Really More Peaceful?” Center as graduate student associates, to share Richard Tucker, Ph.D. candidate in Political their work with an audience that included Science, Indiana University. students,faculty, and Fellows of the “Democracies And War Crimes,” Gary Bass, Weatherhead Center and other schools and Ph.D. candidate in Government. departments at Harvard. The conference Closing Discussion brought to light recent research on the interaction between domestic governance and international relations. The presentations were organized into two sessions, “Topics in the U N D E R G R A D UATE March 2 STUDENT PRO G R A M S “Real Wage Convergence Across States in Tr avel Grants India,” Anupam Mishra, Economics. Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Sum m e r Travel Grants are “How Does Local Foodcrop Production in awa r ded to Har var d underg radua t es to sup port India Affect Nutritional Status?” Karthik sen i o r thesis res e a r ch in interna ti o nal affairs. In Muralidharan, Economics. 19 9 7 - 9 8 , sum m e r travel grants were funded by March 9 the Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er, Cent er associ a t e Jul i a n “Implementation of and Principles behind M. Sobin , and the Har var d Int erna ti on a l Education Reform in South Africa,” Nicole Rela ti o ns Cou n c i l . Barry, Social Studies. Eig ht stud ent s , repres en t ing the depa r tmen t s “ Looking at the Po s t - s ocialist of Ec on om i c s ,G overnm en t , and Social Stud i e s Tra n s i ti on in Mo s cow thro u gh the received travel grants and were named Prism of Ps ych o t h era py,” Julia un d erg radua t e associ a t es of the Cent er. Thei r Ra i s k i n , An t h ropo l ogy. res e a r ch topics includ ed the influen c e of la n d tenur e and agric u l tu r al comm e rci a l i z a ti o n on Student Council ag ric u l tu r al policy in pre- i n du s t rial Eur ope, An orga n i z a ti o n of Har var d underg radua te s , th e regio nal inequa l i t y in Ind i a , the eff ects of Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Stud ent Council serves as a ag ric u l tu r al prot ectio n and public inves tm e nt li a i s o n betw een the Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er on agric u l tu r al produc tivit y and develo pme nt in commu n i t y and the underg radua t e stud ent Ind i a , the tran s f orma ti o n of Sovie t psychi a t ry in body. More speci f i c a l ly, it aims at crea t ing an the pos t - S ovie t tran s i ti o n in Rus s i a , and Fran c e’s active dialogue betw een stud ents and role in the formul a ti o n of the Eur opea n in t erna ti on a l - a f f a i r s scho l a r s and practiti on e rs. Commu n i ty ’ s audiovis ual trade pol i c y . One means of achi e ving this obje ctive is throu g h an annual series of di n n e r talks with the In the spring the stud ents pres en t ed their Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Fello ws at the fi n d i n g s in a Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er-s p ons o red un d erg radua t e houses. These discussions are pu b lic seminar serie s . These semi n a r s were in t end ed to draw underg radua t e attenti o n to cha i r ed by gradua t e stud ent associ a t es of th e cont emp orar y issues in the interna ti o nal arena Cent er who served as ment ors to the and to direct stud ent s ’ cu ri o s i t y towa r d the un d erg radua t es throu gh o u t the aca demic yea r . practical and profes s i o nal exp ertise the Fello ws Summer Tr avel Grant Recipient can provide . The past yea r ’ s series covered suc h P re s e n t at i o n s topics as the Asian financial cris i s , the EU’s most February 23 recent Int er-G o vernm e ntal Conf erence , and the “Land Tenure and Agricultural Protection econo mic situa ti o n facing Afri c a . in 19th Century Britain,” Richard Hughes, The 1997-98 aca demic year also off ered Government. opportun i t ies for coll a b orati o n betw een the “French Culture and Agriculture: Two-level Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Stud ent Council and other Game in the GATT Uruguay Round,” Ellen stu d ent groups on campus. In conju n c tio n wit h Shustorovich, Social Studies. the Har var d Int erna ti o nal Rela ti o ns Co u n c i l ,t h e

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 6 3 Stu d ent Council spons o red a coff ee and des s e rt The 1997-98 Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Stud ent receptio n in Novemb er at Win t h r op Hou s e . Council Officers were: And r ew D. Gill m a n ‘9 9 Amo ng the invit ed guests were memb ers of bot h and Wil liam Wood II ‘9 8 , co- p res i d ent s ; stu d ent orga n i z a ti o ns and affiliates of th e Jona t h o n A .R .D e Hoff ‘ 0 0 ,s ec reta r y; St ac y e L. Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er, in c luding profes s o rs, Bak er ‘9 8 , trea su r er; and Melissa Ino u ye ‘0 1 , vis i t ing scho l a rs , Fello ws, and adm i n i s t rat ive ou trea ch coordi n a t or. st a f f . In Februa r y, the Council also hosted a pa n e l discussion co- s p ons o red with the Har var d Student Council Dinner Ta l k s Afr ican Stud ents Ass oc i a ti o n en ti t l ed ,“ How October 21 Int er-E thnic Rela ti o ns Aff ect Int erna ti on a l “Economic Issues in Africa,” Zéphirin Rela ti o ns in Sub - Sa h a r an Afri c a . ” The panel Diabré, Weatherhead Center Fellow and fea tu r ed Zéphi r in Dia br é , a 1997-98 former Minister of Economy & Trade, Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Fello w, and forme r Burkina Faso. mi n i s t er of econo my and trade in Bur kina Fas o , November 18 and Mar tin Kil s on , the Frank G. Thom s o n “U.S. Forward Presence in the Pacific,” Profes s o r of Go vernm e nt at Har vard , and a Timothy Prendergast, Weatherhead Center mem b er of the Har var d Comm i t t ee on Fellow and Captain, United States Navy. Afr ican Stud i e s . December 2 In Mar ch, the Stud ent Council hosted its “Prospective Vietnamese Accession to the an n ual Ca re e rs in For eig n Aff a i r s di n n e r at the WTO and APEC,” Cao Tran Quoc Hai, Har var d Facu l t y Club with more than eigh t y Weatherhead Center Fellow and former un d erg radua t es in attend a n ce . The dinner gave Senior Expert, Integration Division of the in t eres t ed stud ents a cha n c e to interact wit h Economic Department, Ministry of Foreign repres en t a t ives from var ious interna ti o nal affairs Affairs, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. ar ena s . This yea r ’ s theme was “Thinking and February 18 Acting in a Global Envir onm en t ” and fea tu r ed “How Inter-Ethnic Relations Affect guests includ ed diplom a t s ,i n terna ti on a l International Relations in Sub-Saharan business peop l e ,m em bers of the foreig n service , Africa,” Zéphirin Diabré, Weatherhead jo u rn a l i s t s , and pol i ti c i a n s . Din n e r was foll o wed Center Fellow and former Minister of by a panel discussion with several distin g u i s h e d Economy & Trade, Burkina Faso; and spe a k ers including two 1997-98 Wea t h e rhe a d Martin Kilson, Frank G. Thomson Cent er Fello ws and two 1997-98 Nie man Fello ws Professor of Government and Member, in Jou rn a l i s m . The Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er Fello ws Harvard Committee on African Studies. were Mar c Lortie , the forme r Can ad i a n March 3 am b a s s a dor to Chi l e , and Cons t a n ti n e “The Economic Downturn in Asia and Pap a dopou l o s , the forme r depu ty director for Reflections on the Recent Korean the Depa r tme nt of Eur opean Int egrati o n at the Elections,” Ki-Ho-Chang, Weatherhead Min i s t ry of Foreig n Aff a i r s in Ath en s . The Center Fellow and former Korean Nie man Fello ws were Car los Pui g , in f orma ti o n Ambassador and Permanent Representative, edi t or for Proce s o in Mexi c o Cit y, and Tati a n a Permanent Mission of Korea to the UN and Repk ova ,f reela n c e journa l i s t , Cent er for WTO, Geneva. Ind epend ent Jou rn a l i s m , Brati s l a va, Slo vak i a . April 6 T R A N S N ATIONAL “A Di p l om a t’s Pers pective on the SECURITY PRO J E C T Eu ropean Un i on’s Am s terdam In ter- The MacArthur Transnational Security Project, G overn m ental Con feren ce ,” Con s t a n ti n e funded by the John D. and Catherine T. Pa p adopo u l o s , We a t h erh e ad Cen ter MacArthur Foundation, is a joint program of Fell ow and form er Dep uty Di rector, the Weatherhead Center and the Center for Dep a rtm ent of Eu ropean In tegra ti on , International Studies at Massachusetts Mi n i s try of Forei gn Af f a i rs , At h en s . Institute of Technology. The focus of the May 3 program has been on the theme of “personal “What Every College Student Needs to and group security and transnational society,” Know about Diplomacy,” Maurizio Massari, which connotes that either the source of the Weatherhead Center Fellow and former perceived or actual threat is abroad, or that the Counsellor, Department of European solution to the threats would involve Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rome. transnational networks or organizations. The Graduate Student Associates MacArthur Project has provided funding for a Harvard-MIT interdisciplinary seminar as well Gary Bass as for two working groups each focusing on Andrew Erdmann specific transnational security issues. Two Carolyn Evans predoctoral fellowships were awarded to Wendy Franz graduate students. Funds for “mentorships” Jun Fu were made available to core faculty members James Gathii of the program, enabling them to work closely Richard Horowitz with a graduate student in excha n g e for Mala Htun res e a r ch sup port. Amy Jo Johnson Barbara Keys Working Group I Margaret Madajewicz “Exit Pro bl e m s ” : Secession Kathleen O’Neill and Migrat i o n , Human Rights Karissa Price and Refugees Sanjay Reddy Working Group I of the MacArthur Project Christina Sevilla consisted of faculty members and graduate Jiweon Shin students from Harvard and MIT, as well as Smita Singh other Boston area institutions, whose work Levent Soysal related to secession and self-determination in Paul Talcott particular or to issues of intergroup conflict, Michael Tomz refugees, human rights, and identity more Joshua Tucker generally. The seminars thus brought together Richard Tucker a number of scholars whose work related to Maurits van der Veen these topics, but who otherwise might not have Guoqi Xu a chance to work together because they reside at different institutions.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 6 5 Du ring its third year Group I’s session s March 16 s tu d i ed po s t - cold war instabi l i ty and “Preventing Deadly Conflict,” David ethnic con f l i ct , with an em phasis on the Hamburg, President Emeritus, the Carnegie i n tern a ti onal com mu n i ty ’s re s pon s e . Th e Commission. ra n ge of po s s i ble opti ons under discussion April 13 i n clu ded preven tive diplom ac y, p a rti ti on , t h e “Judging War:The Politics of International use of i n tern a ti onal insti tuti ons and War Crimes Tribunals,” Gary Bass, Ph.D. i n tern a ti onal law, and ben i gn negl ect . candidate, Department of Government, C o re Fa c u l t y Harvard University; “Economic Restructuring in Multi-Ethnic Societies and Harvard University the Limits of the New Interventionalism,” William Fisher James Gathii, S.J.D. candidate, Harvard J. Bryan Hehir Law School. Stanley Hoffmann Michael Jones-Correa May 11 Louise Richardson “Come Home America: The Strategy of Anne-Marie Slaughter Restraint in the Face of Temptation,” Harvey Sapolsky, Professor of Political Massachusetts Institute of Technology Science, MIT, Daryl Press, Ph.D. candidate, Kenneth Oye Political Science,MIT, and Eugene Gholz, Barry Posen Ph.D. candidate, Political Science, MIT. Judith Tendler Stephen Van Evera Working Group II - Intern at i o n a l Myron Weiner Economic Security G roup I Seminar Meetings This year the MacArthur Seminar Working October 6 Group II focused on the political, economic, “When All Else Fails: The Policy of and social consequences of rising flows of Separation as a Remedy for Ethnic goods, technology, and capital across national Conflicts,”Chaim Kaufmann, Professor of boundaries. The first semester’s discussions Political Science, Lehigh University. examined several issues crucial to a globalizing economy: corruption, domestic compensation November 10 and trade liberalization, and the multinational “How To Think About Humanitarian corporation. During the second semester, the Intervention,” Taylor Seybolt, Ph.D. talks focused on three additional issues: the candidate in Political Science, MIT;“The privatization movement,the interaction Causes of Mass Killing and Genocide,” Ben between trade and technology, and currency Valentino, Ph.D. candidate in Political and banking crises. Science,MIT. The six seminars were well attended by December 1 both faculty and graduate students from “Preventing Deadly Conflict: The European various departments and schools at Harvard Approach,” Graham Allison, Douglas and MIT, including the Harvard Government Dillon Professor of Government, Kennedy and Economics Departments,the Kennedy School of Government. School of Government,the Harvard Business Director, Center for International Studies, School, the Harvard Law School, the MIT MIT, and Louis Pauly, University of Political Science Department,and the MIT Toronto, with comments by Sloan School of Management, as well as Raymond Vernon. departments from other area universities. Each February 23 meeting began with a catered luncheon, “The Privati z a ti o n Movemen t : Wha t followed by a presentation of the material and Produc ed it and Whe re it Seems Hea ded, ” a question-and-answer session. Raymo nd Vernon . C o re Fa c u l t y March 30 Harvard University “The Interaction Between Trade and Jeffry Frieden Technology: Does a kick in the pants get Devesh Kapur you going or does it just hurt you?” Robert Lisa Martin Lawrence, Professor of International Trade Dani Rodrik and Investment, Kennedy School of Anne-Marie Slaughter Government. Raymond Vernon April 13 Massachusetts Institute of Technology “Currency and Banking Crises: Developing Suzanne Berger an Early Warning System,” Carmen Kenneth Oye Reinhart, Associate Professor, School of Judith Tendler Public Affairs, University of Maryland. G roup II Seminar Meetings 1997-98 MacArthur Tr a n s n at i o n a l October 20 Security Project Fe l l ow s “What to do about Corruption? Empirics Gary Bass, Ph.D. candidate, Department of and Policy Implications,” Daniel Kaufmann, Government, Harvard University (Working World Bank. Group I). November 17 Project: “Victors’ Justice and Victors’ Roundtable discussion:“Buying Openness? Injustice: The Politics of International War Domestic Compensation and Trade Crimes Tribunals from the Napoleonic Liberalization,” Brian Burgoon, Ph.D. Wars to the Present.” Candidate, Department of Political Science, Carolyn Evans, Ph.D. candidate, Department MIT; Kenneth Oye, Professor of Political of Economics, Harvard University Science,MIT, Dani Rodrik, Professor of (Working Group II). International Political Economy, Kennedy Project: “National Borders and School of Government; Raymond Vernon, National Networks.” Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs, Harvard University. M a c A rthur Mentorships December 8 Lisa Martin, professor of government, Harvard “The Myth of the Multinational University, was granted a mentorship to Corporation,” William Keller, Executive continue a project from 1996-97 with Liliana Botcheva, Ph.D. candidate in government,

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 6 7 which focuses on measuring the effects of October 7 international institutions on state behavior. “How to Think About Integrating China Louise Richardson, associate professor of into the World Order,” Richard Cooper, government, Harvard University, was granted a Boas Professor of International Economics, mentorship to work on a project focusing on Harvard University. terrorist movements in Africa and India with October 14 the research assistance of Frieda Fuchs, Ph.D. “A Passive Grand Strategy for U.S. Foreign candidate in government, Harvard University. Policy,” Alan Tonelson, Research Fellow, We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s U.S. Business Industry Council. Conducting Research on October 28 Tr a n s n ational Security “Ana l yzing Econo mics and Secu ri t y in U.S . Graham Allison Foreig n Pol i c y : Approaches by Scho l a r s and Gary Jonathan Bass Practiti on e rs, ” Mich a el Mas t a n du n o , Eugene Gholz Dir ectory, Dic key Cent er, Da r tmo u th Coll e ge. Louise Richardson December 2 David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye “The Ethics of Intervention.” Rev. Bryan Jennifer Schirmer Hehir, Weatherhead Center for Rebecca Wolfe International Affairs. U. S . FOREIGN POLICY February 10 “U.S. Climate Change Policy After Kyoto.” The U.S . Foreig n Policy Seminar has Michael McElroy, Harvard University. tradi ti on a l ly invit ed guests—practiti on e rs as well February 24 as scho l a rs — t o pres e nt their thinking on current “U.S. NATO Policy After Expansion.” topics of im p orta n c e to U.S . foreig n pol i c y . In Robert Art, Brandeis University. 1997-98 these topics includ ed democ ra ti z a ti o n in Cam b odi a , Chi n a ’s place in the world order, March 10 grand strat egy, links betw een econo mics and “Political Fallout from East Asia’s Crisis.” sec u ri t y, cli m a t e cha n ge , the moral i t y of Paul M. Evans, Visiting Scholar,Asia in t erventi on , NATO enl a r g emen t , Asi a ’s financial Center, Harvard University. cri s i s , the hemi s ph e re sum m i t , foreig n assistance March 31 pol i c y , and econo mic sanction s . The semi n a r “The Summit of the Americas? Or the was cha i r ed by Rob Paa rl b erg in 1997-98, an d Valley?” Robert Pastor, Emory University at t racted a cha n g ing audienc e of fac u l t y, Fello ws, and the Carter Center. cent er associ a te s , and stud ent s . April 14 U. S . Fo reign Policy Seminar “Congress and the Future of U.S. Foreign Assistance.” Jill Buckley, Assistant Chair: Rob Paarlberg Administrator, U.S. Agency for September 30 International Development. “The Coup Against Democracy in Cambodia: A U.S. Foreign Policy Failure?” Stephen J. Morris, Columbia University East Asia Institute. April 28 “U.S.Economic Sanctions Policies, Reconsidered.” Kimberly Ann Elliott, Institute for International Economics. We atherhead Center A f f i l i at e s Conducting Research on U. S . Fo reign Po l i c y Graham Allison Eugene Gholz Rusudan Gorgiladze Alan Henrikson Stanley Hoffmann David Mares Ernest May Michael Montesano Sadamasa Oue Rob Paarlberg Daryl Press Louise Richardson Jennifer Schirmer Anne-Marie Slaughter Jim Stein Raymond Vernon Glenn Weidner Guoqi Xu

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 6 9 CONFERENCES, LECTURES, AND OTHER SEMINARS

THE WEATHERHEAD CENTER SPONSORS OR CO-SPONSORS additional conferences, lectures,and seminars, ranging from narrowly focused academic meetings designed for specialists to broad, open discussions of contemporary issues for government officials, representatives of the private sector, and other practitioners. In each case, these events are designed to disseminate information and ideas and to stimulate informed discussions. C o n s t ructing Peace In Guat e m a l a : General of the Formation Committee of the N eg o t i ating and Implementing the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity Peace A c c o rd s (URNG); Jean Arnault, Chief of Mission, Co-sponsored by the David Rockefeller Center MINUGUA, UN Mission in Guatemala. for Latin American Studies and the Center for September 26 International Affairs, Harvard University. The Challenges of Implementing the September 25 - 26, 1997 Peace Accords (conducted in Spanish) Harvard University Moderator: John Coatsworth, Monroe Gutman Cambridge, Massachusetts Professor of Latin American Affairs and September 25 Director, David Rockefeller Center for Latin Constructing Peace In Guatemala: American Studies. Negotiating and Implementing the Richard Aitkenhead, Presidential Commission Peace Accords for Coordination of International Public Event, Kennedy School of Cooperation; Rolando Moran, Secretary Government Forum General of the Formation Committee of the Moderator: Jorge Domínguez, Clarence Dillon Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity Professor of International Affairs and (URNG); Jean Arnault, Chief of Mission, Director, Center for International Affairs MINUGUA, UN Mission in Guatemala. Richard Aitkenhead, Presidential Commission Meeting with members of Harvard’s for Coordination of International Central American Project Cooperation; Rolando Moran, Secretary Discussion with thirty high school teachers General of the Formation Committee of the and students concerning the Guatemala Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity peace accords. (URNG); Jean Arnault, Chief of Mission, Interview with press MINUGUA, UN Mission in Guatemala. June Erlick, David Rockefeller Center for Latin Dinner Session:Lessons from Negotiating American Studies; Lori Hough, KSG Bulletin. the Peace Accords Special Seminar Moderator: Michael Watkins, Associate Professor, Harvard Business School. September 29, 1997 “Strategic Partnership Between the United Richard Aitkenhead, Presidential Commission States and Romania” for Coordination of International Cooperation; Rolando Moran, Secretary His Excellency Adrian Severin, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania. The Sixteenth Paul-Henri M i l i t a ry Pro f e s s i o n a l i z ation in Spaak Lecture C o n t e m p o r a ry Latin A m e r i c a : W h at Established in 1981 to honor one of the great Needs to be Done and How Might It Impact Democratic Po l i t i c s statesmen of postwar Europe,the Paul-Henri Spaak lecture series has brought to the Center A Special Workshop sponsored by the for International Affairs sixteen eminent Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Europeans from nine countries, all of them October 22, 1997 active in public affairs, to shed light on various Weatherhead Center for International Affairs concerns of significance to Europe and to the Cambridge, Massachusetts Atlantic alliance. The Spaak Lectureship has Session I: Professionalization and been made possible by the foresight and Modernization in Contemporary generosity of Frank Boas and the Frank Latin America Boas Foundation. “Military Professionalization and Paul-Henri Spaak (1899-1972),was the first Modernization in Contemporary chairman of the Organization for Economic Latin America,” Gabriel Marcella, Cooperation and Development (OECD) and U.S. Army War College. secretary-general of the North Atlantic Treaty “The Professionalization and Modernization Organization (NATO). He also chaired the Process in Latin American Militaries: Why team that drafted the Treaty of Rome in 1957, the U.S.Government Should be Involved,” which eventually led to the creation of the Col. Glenn Weidner, U.S. Army and Center European Economic Community in 1958. for International Affairs. On October 16, 1997, Uffe Ellemann-Jensen Session II: National Experiences of Denmark, member of the Danish Parliament, president of the European Liberal “Reprofessionalizing the Peruvian Military,” Party, national chairman of the Liberal Party David Scott Palmer, Boston University. of Denmark,and former minister of foreign “Reprofessionalizing the Argentine Military,” affairs, delivered the sixteenth annual Paul- Ernesto López, Universidad Nacional Henri Spaak Lecture, entitled “The New de Quilmes. Europe: How to Overcome Forty Years of Session III: Professionalization, Division.” Mr. Ellemann-Jensen’s visit to Modernization,and Democratic Harvard also included a meeting with Consolidation University marshal Richard Hunt, lunch and “Military Professionalization and Democratic dinner with various members of the Politics: Mutually Reinforcing or Weatherhead Center community, and a Threatening?” David R. Mares, University reception with Danish graduate students from of California, San Diego and Center for the Harvard Business and Law Schools, the International Affairs. Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and the Kennedy School of Government. “Civil-Military Relations in a New Era,” Jaime Salinas Sedó, Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Civiles-Militares (Lima).

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 7 1 Conflict or Conve rg e n c e : G l o b a l Session I:Economic and Monetary Union: Pe r s p e c t i ves on Wa r,Pe a c e , a n d Sources, Problems,and Prospects I n t e rn ational Ord e r “The Theory and Practice of Currency November 13-15, 1997 Unions,” Benjamin Friedman, Professor (For details on this event please refer to the of Economics, Harvard University. Harvard Academy section.) “The Political Economy of European Monetary Union,” Jeffry Frieden, Professor of R e s e a rch Group on the Po l i t i c a l Government, Harvard University. E c o n o my of European Integ r at i o n “The Functioning of the European Central November 14 Bank and the Conduct of Monetary Policy (For details on this event please refer to the in a Post EMU World,” Wolfgang Rieke, Political Economy section.) formerly with Deutsche Bundesbank. Special Seminar “Impact of EMU on Capital and Foreign November 18, 1997 Exchange Markets,” Huw Pill, Assistant “On-Site Inspections Under the START Professor, Harvard Business School. Treaty” Robert A. Yablonski, Colonel, Luncheon Presentation: European United States Air Force, and Chief, START Governance Post EMU and INF Treaty Division,and Joseph P. Stanley Hoffmann, Paul and Catherine Harahan, Historian, On-Site Inspection Buttenwieser University Professor, Agency, and U.S. Department of Defense. Harvard University. We atherhead Center Fe l l ows Prog r a m Session II:The Impact of Economic Alumni Reunion and Confere n c e and Monetary Union November 20-21, 1997 Jeffrey Sachs, Director, Harvard Institute (For details on this event please refer to the for International Development. Fellows Program section.) Session III: EMU and Global Financial Markets Economic and Monetary Union in Peter Aldrich, Chairman and CEO AEW E u ro p e : I m p l i c ations for Global Capital International; William Nemerever, Director, M a r ke t s , Tr a d e , and Inve s t m e n t Fixed Income, Grantham, May, Van Sponsored by the Weatherhead Center Otterloo & Co LLC; Gita Rao, Vice for International Affairs President, Global Equity Portfolio January 27, 1998 Manager, Colonial Mutual Funds. American Academy of Arts and Sciences Dinner Presentation: Implications of Cambridge, Massachusetts EMU for the Rest of the World Chairman: Jeffry Frieden Ri ch a rd Cooper, Boas Profe s s or Welcome and Introductory Remarks of In tern a ti onal Econ om i c s , Jorge I. Dom í n g u e z , Dir ector, Wea t h e rhe a d Ha rva rd Un ivers i ty. Cent er for Int erna ti o nal Aff a i rs , and Cla r enc e Dill o n Profes s o r of Int erna ti o nal Aff a i rs . Inter-American Dialogue Cuba To d ay Pé re z - S t a bl e , SU N Y , Old Wes t bur y; Da m i á n Co - s pon s ored by the We a t h erh e ad Cen ter Ferná n de z , Fl o rida Int erna ti o nal Uni versi t y; for In tern a ti onal Af f a i rs and the Davi d Hal Klep a k , Can a dian Fou n d a ti o n for Rockefell er Cen ter for Latin Am erican Stu d i e s the Ame ric a s . of Ha rva rd Un ivers i ty. Presentation: Ambassador James Dobbins, March 13, 1998 Special Assistant to the President and American Academy of Arts and Sciences Senior Director for Inter-American Affairs, Cambridge, Massachusetts National Security Council. Welcoming Remarks Enhanced Seminar on Immigrat i o n Jorge I. D om í n g u e z , We a t h erh e ad Cen ter and the Socio-Cultural Remaking of for In tern a ti onal Af f a i rs ; John Coa t s wort h , the North American Space D avid Rockefell er Cen ter for Lati n April 2, 1998 Am erican Stu d i e s ; Li llian Pu bi ll on e s “Globalization: The Rise of Transnational No l a n , In ter- Am erican Di a l og u e . Communities,” Alejandro Portes, Professor Pres en t a ti on : “The Cuban Econo my: Struc t u ra l of Sociology, Princeton University and Reforms and Performa n c e in the 1990s” President, American Sociological David Ibarra and Jorge Máttar, U.N. Association. Economic Commission for Latin America Tr a n s n ationalism and the and the Caribbean. Second Generat i o n Discussion:The Cuban Economy Co-sponsored by the Weatherhead Center for Moderator: Lillian Pubillones Nolan, International Affairs and the David Rockefeller Inter-American Dialogue. Center for Latin American Studies. Panelists: Ana Julia Jatar, Inter-American April 3-4, 1998 Dialogue; Carmelo Mesa Lago, Harvard University University of Pittsburgh; Vijay Cambridge, Massachusetts Vaitheeswaran, The Economist; April 3 Archibald Ritter, Carleton University. Welcome: Peggy Levitt, Wellesley College and Lunch Presentation: His Eminence Bernard Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Cardinal Law Panel I: Overview of Theoretical and Presentation: Fernando Remírez de Estenoz, Empirical Issues First Deputy Foreign Minister and Chief of Mary Waters, Harvard University; John the Cuban Interests Section. Mo ll en kopf , C U N Y; Philip Ka s i n i t z , Discussion: Political Conditions Hu n ter Co ll ege and the Gradu a te Cen ter Moderator: John Coatsworth, at CUNY; Ru ben Ru m b a n t , Ru s s ell Sa ge David Rockefeller Center for Latin Fo u n d a ti on ; Peggy Levi t t , Well e s l ey American Studies. Co ll ege and We a t h erh e ad Cen ter for In tern a ti onal Af f a i rs . Pan el i s t s : Jorge I. Dom í n g u e z , Wea t h e rhe a d Cent er for Int erna ti o nal Aff a i rs ; Mari f eli

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 7 3 Discussants: Nancy Foner, SUNY Purchase; and Celia Weatherhead and the Weatherhead Joel Perlmann, Bard College. Foundation. Events began the night before the Panel II: Transnational Identities: Euorpean symposium with dinner and dancing at Loeb and Caribbean Experiences House, and finished with a dedication ceremony at Coolidge Hall where Harvard Milton Vickerman, University of Virginia; president Neil Rudenstine unveiled a Nina Glick Schiller, University of New commemorative plaque. Hampshire; Georges Fouron, SUNY, Stonybrook; Levent Soysal, New April 16, 1998 York University Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Discussant: Susan Eckstein, Boston University. Chairman: Jorge I. Domínguez, Director, April 4 Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Panel I:The Asian Experience I Opening Session Diane Wolf, University of California, Davis; Welcome by Harvey V. Fineberg, Provost Parminder Bachu, Clark University; Jean “Imagining the World in 2015,” Richard Bacon, Williams College. Cooper, Maurits C. Boas Professor of Discussant: Marcelo Suárez-Orozco, International Economics. Harvard University. Session I (concurrent panels) Panel II:The Asian Experience II Securing Our Environment Aihwa Ong, University of California, Michael McElroy, Abbott Lawrence Rotch Berkeley; Andrea Louie, Washington Professor of Atmospheric Science; William University, Missouri; Nazli Kibria, Boston Clark, Sidney Harman Professor of University; Khatharya Um, University of International Science, Public Policy, and California, Berkeley. Human Development. Discussant: Reed Ueda, Tufts University. Challenges Facing International Panel III:The Latin American Experience Public Health Robert Smith, Barnard College,and Cecilia Sudhir Anand, Adjunct Professor in the Minjívar, Arizona State University. School of Public Health; Michael Reich, Discussant: Michael Jones-Correa, Professor of International Health Policy in Harvard University. the Faculty of Public Health. Thinking About the 21st Century Managing the World’s Trading System D e d i c ating the We atherhead Raymond Vernon, Herbert F.Johnson Center for Intern ational Affairs Professor of International Business at Harva rd Unive r s i t y Management,Emeritus; Debora Spar, Associate Professor of Business In April the Center held a symposium to mark Administration. the naming of the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs in recognition of the magnificent endowment established by Albert Session II (concurrent panels) G r a d u ate Student A s s o c i ate Seminar The Performance of Democracies April 24, 1998 Robert Putnam, Stanfield Professor of “Capital Mobility and Domestic International Peace; Susan Pharr, Edwin O. Policymaking Institutions,” Lawrence Broz, Reischauer Professor of Japanese Studies. Associate Professor of Government, Man a g ing the World ’ s Mac r oecono mic Pol i c i e s Harvard University. Jeffry Frieden, Professor of Government; G r a d u ate Student A s s o c i ate Confere n c e Jeffrey Sachs, Galen L. Stone Professor of N ew Research Fro n t i e r s : International Trade. I n t e rd i s c i p l i n a ry Pe r s p e c t i ves The Future of International Institutions on Global A f f a i r s Robert Z. Lawrence , Wil liams Profes s o r of May 15, 1998 Int erna ti o nal Trade and Inves tm en t , Kenn e dy (For details on this event please refer to the Sch o ol of Go vernm en t ; Ann e - Ma ri e Student Programs section.) Sl a u gh t er, J. Sin c lair Arms t rong Profes s o r of S t r at egy and National Security Int erna ti on a l , Foreign , and Comp a ra t ive Law. C o n f e re n c e Session III (concurrent panels) June 11-13, 1998 Social Justice (For details on this event please refer to Dani Rodrik, Rafiq Hariri Professor of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies International Political Economy; Bryan section.) Hehir, Professor of the Practice in Religion and Society; Richard Goldstone, Justice of Tr a n s atlantic Storms? U. S . - E u ro p e a n the Constitutional Court of South Africa. R e l ations after EMU Sponsored by the Weatherhead Center for Meeting Changing Security Threats International Affairs Samuel Huntington, Albert J.Weatherhead III University Professor; Graham Allison, June 18-20, 1998 Douglas Dillon Professor of Government. Tufts University European Center Talloires, France Performance of Democracies Chairman: The Right Honorable Jorge I. Dom í n g u e z , Cla r enc e Dill o n Profes s o r Sir Michael Palliser. of Int erna ti o nal Aff a i rs ; Th e da Skocpo l , Profes s o r of Go vernm e nt and Soci o l o gy. June 18 Dedication Ceremony Session I: Europe’s Shape, Europe’s Power Presentation of plaques. Stanley Hoffmann, Paul and Catherine Buttenwieser University Professor, Harvard Fe l l ow s ’ Special Conference Future University; Lord Howell of Guildford, P rospects for the Eurasian Corridor House of Lords. April 23,1998 Breakout Session Leaders: William Harding, (For details on this event please refer to the Retired Diplomat; Jorge I.Domínguez, Fellows Program section.) Director, Weatherhead Center for International

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 7 5 Affairs; John Noble,Minister (Deputy Chief of June 20 Mission), Canadian Embassy,Paris. Session IV: The United States and Europe Viewed in a Global Context: East West and Plenary Session North South Dimensions Opening Reception and Dinner Panel Discussants: Moisés Naím, Editor, Foreign Speaker: Baroness Shirley Williams, Policy Magazine; Hisashi Owada, Permanent House of Lords. Representative of Japan to the United Nations; June 19 Kamalesh Sharma, Permanent Representative Session II: Perceived Threats and of India to the United Nations; Leonid Collective Security Skotnikov, Director, Legal Department, Karl Kaiser, Professor, University of Bonn, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Director, Research Institute of the German Breakout Session Leaders: Örjan Berner, Society for Foreign Affairs; Louise Richardson, Ambassador of Sweden to France; Susan Associate Professor of Government, Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer Professor of Harvard University. Japanese Politics, Harvard University; Helmut Breakout Session Leaders: Gregorz Kostrzewa- Steinel, Head of External Relations Planning Zorbas, Center for International Relations, Department, European Commission. Warsaw; Zdene¯k Tu˘ma, Executive Director, Plenary Session European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Daniel Vernet, Director of E xe c u t i ve Committee Dinners International Relations, Le Monde. October 14 “The State of Research in Comparative Plenary Session Politics.” Panel: Robert Bates, Peter Hall, Session III:The Impact of Economic and Elizabeth Perry. and Monetary Union Richard Cooper, Maurits C. Boas Professor of November 18 International Economics, Harvard University; Business Meeting Richard Portes, President, Centre for December 9 Economic Policy Research; Professor of Business Meeting Economics, London Business School. February 10 Breakout Session Leaders: Flora Lewis, Foreign Business Meeting Focus Columnist; Klaus Aurish, Consul March 10 General, German Government; Jeanne Barras “New International Directions in the Zwahlen, Senior Economist, Credit Suisse Professional Schools.” Panel: Joseph Nye, Private Banking. David Yoffie, and Anne-Marie Slaughter. Reports to the Plenary Reception and Dinner Speaker: Alexandre Lamfalussy, Institut d’Études Européennes. P U B L I C A T I O N S

THE CENTER MAKES AVAILABLE THE RESEARCH AND ANALY S I S done by its affiliates to interested scholars, practitioners, and policy makers. The Center’s main publishing vehicle is the Working Papers Series, which publishes approximately ten papers a year. Working Papers can be ordered from the Center’s library and are accessible through Columbia International Affairs Online. The Center also publishes a newsletter, Centerpiece, as well as the Annual Report. WORKING PA P E R S WORKS BY CENTER A F F I L I AT E S 97-8 Nathaniel Beck and Richard Tucker, Principal publications for the 1997-98 academic year. “Conflict in Time and Space.” Allison, Graham.“Nuclear Dangers.” Boston Globe, 97-9 Richard N. Cooper, “A Treaty on Global October 19,1997,Editorial pages. Climate Change: Problems and Prospects.” —“Showdown in Moscow.” New York Times, April 23, 97-10 Doug Imig and Sidney Tarrow, “From Strike 1998,Editorial pages. to Eurostrike: The Europeanization of Social Moveme nt and the Develo pme nt of a Euro - Po l i t y.” Bass,Gary Jonathan. “Due Processes: Why We Need International War Crimes Trials.” New Republic, 98-1 Christina Sevilla, “Explaining Patterns of March 30,1998, pp. 16-19. GATT/WTO Trade Complaints.” — “Madeleine S’en va-t-en Guerre.” Economist,August 98-2 Devesh Kapur, “The State in a Changing 16,1997, pp. 37-38. World:A Critique of the 1997 World — “Peter Galbraith’s Smaller Stage.” Economist, May 9, Development Report.” 1998, p. 34. 98-3 Richard N. Cooper, “Key Currencies After — “A Short History of War Crimes.” Economist,July 19, the Euro.” 1997, p. 45. 98-4 Curtis S. Signorino, “Estimation and Strategic — “Telling It Like It, Up To a Point, Was: Secrets Interaction in Discrete Choice Models of Revealed.” Economist,August 9,1997, pp. 22-23. International Conflict.” Broz, J. Lawrence. The International Origins of the 98-5 Frances Hagopian, “Negotiating Economic Federal Reserve System.Ithaca: Cornell University Transitions in Liberalizing Policies: Political Press,1997. Representation and Economic Reform in — “The Domestic Politics of International Monetary Latin America.” Order: The Gold Standard.”In David Skidmore, ed., 98-6 Kellee S. Tsai, “Curbed Markets? Financial Contested Social Orders and International Politics. Innovation and Policy Involution in China’s Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press,1997. Coastal South.” — “The Origins of Central Banking: Solutions to the Free-Rider Problem.” International Organization 52, 98-7 Joseph Alpher and Khalil Shikaki, “The no. 2 (Spring, 1998):231-68. Palestinian Refugee Problem and the Right of Return.” Budding, Audrey Helfant. “Serb Intellectuals and the 98-8 Kalypso Nicolaïdis, “Mutual Recognition National Question,1961-1991.” Ph.D.Dissertation, Regimes: Towards a Comparative Analysis.” Harvard University, 1998. 98-9 Constantine A. Papadopoulos, “EMU:the Cooper, Rich a r d N. “A Glimpse of the Futur e Two Deca des Rising Challenge to the Dollar-A European Hence , ” (in Rus s i a n ) , Izve s ti a ,Mar ch 19,1998. Perspective on American Scepticism about — “A Monetary System for the Future.”In James F. Monetary Union.” Hoge,Jr.,and Fareed Zakaria, eds., The American Encounter: the United States and the Making of the Modern World, Essays from 75 Years of Foreign Affairs, New York: BasicBooks,1997. — “Le pouvoir économique après la guerre froide,” Politique Étrangère,Summer 1997. — “Services in the American Economy.” (in German)

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 7 7 In Klaus Mangold, ed., Die Welt der Dienstleistung, Domínguez, Jorge I. “Democratic Politics in Latin Wiesbaden:Gabler, 1998. America and the Caribbean.”Baltimore: Johns — “States, Citizens and Markets in the 21st Century.” Hopkins University Press,1998. In Thomas Courchene, ed., The Nation State in a — ed. International Security and Democracy: Latin Global/Information Era: Policy Challenges,Kingston, America and the Caribbean in the Post-Cold War Era. Ontario: John Deutsch Institute, 1997. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press,1998. — “Toward A Real Treaty on Global Warming.” Foreign — “Ampliando horizontes: aproximaciones teóricas Affairs,March/April 1998. para el estudio de las relaciones México- Estados Cooper, Richard,and Janos Gacs,“Impediments to Unidos.”In Mónica Verea Campos, Rafael Fernández Exports in Small Transition Economies, MOCT: de Castro, and Sidney Weintraub, eds., Nueva Economic Policy in Transition Economies, vol.7, agenda bilateral en la relación México-Estados No.2,1997. Unidos. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica,1998, Cooper, Richard,and Ann Hollick, “Global Commons: pp. 25-56. Can They Be Managed?” In Partha Dasgupta, Karl- — “¿Comienza una transición hacia el autoritarismo en Göran Mäler, and Alessandro Vercelli, eds., The Cuba?,” Encuentro, no. 6-7 (Fall-Winter, 1997):7-23. Economics of Transnational Commons,Oxford: — “Mexico’s New Foreign Policy: States, Societies,and Clarendon Press,1997. Institutions.”In Rodolfo O. de la Garza and Jesús Velasco, eds., Bridging the Border: Transforming Davis,Donald. “Critical Evidence on Comparative Mexico-U.S. Relations. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Advantage? North-North Trade in a Multilateral Littlefield,1997, pp. 181-196. World.” Journal of Political Economy,June 1998. Domínguez, Jorge, Michael Desch,and Andrés Serbin, — “Does European Unemployment Prop Up American eds., From Pirates to Drug Lords: The Post-Cold War Wages? National Labor Markets and Global Trade.” Caribbean Security Environment.Albany: State American Economic Review,June 1998. University of New York Press,1998. — Comm e nts on T.N . Srin i vas a n ’s “A Comm o n Ext erna l Tari f f of a Cus t oms Uni on : Alt erna t ive Approache s . ” Feig enb a u m , Evan A. “Chi n a ’s Mil i t a ry - C ivilian Comp l ex . ” Jap an and the Wor ld Econ o m y, 9 : 4 ,1 9 9 7 . New Yor k Tim e s , May 22, 19 9 8 , p. A-27 (Op- E d ) . Davis,Donald, and Kowalczyk. “Tariff Phase-Outs: Fisher, William. “Doing Good? The Politics and Anti- Theory and Evidence from GATT and NAFTA.” Politics of NGO Practices.” Annual Review of In Jeffrey Frankel, ed., Regionalization of the World Anthropology,Volume 26,1997, pp. 439-64. Economy,Chicago: University of Chicago Press and Frieden, Jeffry. “Economic Liberalization and the National Bureau of Economic Research,1998. Politics of European Monetary Integration.” In Desch, Michael C. “America’s Wounded Warriors and Miles Kahler, ed., Liberalization and Foreign Policy. the Lessons of Vietnam.” Orbis Vol.42,no. 3 New York: Columbia University Press,1997. (Summer 1998): pp. 473-80. — “Monetary Populism in Nineteenth-Century — “Soldiers,States,and Structures: The End of the America: An Open Economy Interpretation.” Cold War and the Weakening of U.S. Civilian Journal of Economic History 57,no. 2 (June 1997), Control.” Armed Forces and Society Vol.24,no. 3, pp. 367-395. (Spring 1998): pp. 385-406. — “The Politics of Exchange Rates.”In Sebastian — “Why Latin America May Soon Miss the Cold War.” Edwards,and Moisés Naím, eds., Mexico 1994: In Jorge Domínguez, ed., Security, Peace and Anatomy of a Crisis. New York: Oxford University Democracy in America and the Caribbean: Challenges Press for The World Bank,1997. for the Post-Cold War Era. Pittsburgh: University of Eichengreen, Barry and Jeffry Frieden, eds. Forging an Pittsburgh Press,1998), pp. 245-65. Integrated Europe. Ann Arbor: University of Desch, Michael C., Jorge Domínguez,and Andrés Michigan Press,1998. Serbin, eds. From Pirates to Drug Lords: The Post- Frieden, Jeffry, Erik Jones,and Francisco Torres, eds. Cold War Caribbean Security Environment.Albany: Joining Europe’s Monetary Club: The Challenges for State University of New York Press,1998. Smaller Member States. New York:St. Martin’s Press,1998. Gholz, Eugene, and Sapolsky, Harvey K. “Arms and the — “Engaging Myths: Misconceptions About China and European.” Financial Times, May 20,1998. Its Global Role.” Harvard Asia Pacific Review, Gholz, Eugene,and Salpolsky, Harvey M.“How About (Winter 1997/98). an Antitrust Probe of the Pentagon?” Wall Street — “International Structures and Chinese Foreign Journal, May 21,1998. Policy.” In Samuel S. Kim, ed., China and the World, Haf t end orn, Helga . “F ra n ce ,G erma n y and Great Brit a i n : 4th ed. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press,1998. A New Strat egic Tria n gl e . ” In Pol i ti q u eé tran g è r e,Pari s : Jones-Correa, Michael. Between Two Nations: The IFRI 1997, (Ca h i e r de IFRI H.23) S. 55 - 7 8 . Political Predicament of Latinos in New York City. — “German Foreign Policy in a Strategic Triangle: Ithaca,NY: Cornell University Press,1998. Bonn-Washington- Paris.” Thyssen Lecture Series, — “Different Paths: Immigration,Gender, and Political Center for German and European Studies, Working Participation.” International Migration Review 32:2, Papers, Washington:Georgetown University, 1997. (Summer 1998), pp. 326-349. Haf t end orn, Helga , and Ott o Keck, eds . Kooperat ion jens eit s — “The Politics of Discontent.” Comments on von Hegemonie und Bedr ohu n g (C ooperati o n Beyond Immigration and Public Opinion. In Marcelo Hegemo ny and Thre a t ) , Baden- B aden: Nom o s ,1 9 9 7 . Suárez- Orozco, ed. Crossings: Mexican Immigration Hall, Peter. “La Economia Politica del Europa.” in Interdisciplinary Perspective (Cambridge:DRCLAS Desarrollo Economico: Revista de Ciencias Sociales, and Harvard University Press,1998) pp. 404-412. (April, May, June 1997). — “Why Immigrants Want Dual Citizenship (And We — “Institutions, Interests and Ideas in the Comparative Should Too).”In Noah Pickus, ed., Immigration and Political Economy of the Industrialized Nations.” Citizenship in the 21st Century. New York: Rowman In Mark Lichbach and Alan Zuckerman, eds., and Littlefield,1998, pp. 193-197. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture and Jun,Uwe. “The political class in Great Britain. The Struc tur e. New York: Cam b rid g e Uni versi t y Pre s s ,1 9 9 7 . professionalization of the career politician.”In Jens — “The Political Economy of Adjustment in Germany.” Borchert, ed., The political class in Western In Frieder Naschold et al. eds., Okonomishce Democracies.Oxford: Oxford University Press,1998. Leistungsfahigkeit und Instituionelle Innovation. — “Sozialdemokratische Parteien.”In Raban Graf von Berlin: Sigma,1997, pp. 295-317. Westphalen and Gerlinde Sommer, eds., — “Trends in Social Capital.” Demos Collection Staatsbuerger-Lexikon.Munich: Oldebnbourg, 1998. (Autumn 1997). Jun,Uwe and Ernst Kuper. Nationales Interesse und Hall, Peter, and Robert J. Franzese,Jr. “Mixed Signals: integrative Politik in transnationalen Central Bank Independence, Coordinated Wage- parlamentarischen Versammlungen.Opladen: Leske Bargaining and European Monetary Union.” & Budrich,1997. International Organization 52,5 (Summer 1998): Kapur, Devesh. “The IMF:A Cure or A Curse.” Foreign pp. 502-36. Policy,Summer 1998. Hall , Peter A. and Ros em a r y C.R.Taylo r.“L es Science s — “The State in a Changing World:A Critique of the Pol i ti q ues et les Trois Nou vels Ins ti t ution a l i s m e s . ” 1997 World Development Report.” International Revue Fran ç a i s e des Scien c es Poli ti q u e s (A utumn 1997). Monetary and Financial Issues for the 1990s,United Hoffmann,Stanley. Review. “Look Back in Anger.” New Nations, v. IX,1998. Yor k Revie w of Books , vo l .X L I V, no . 12 , Jul y 17, 19 9 7 . — “U.S. Sanctions on South Asia.” India Abroad, — Review. “More Perfect Union, Nation and June 1998. Nationalism in America.” Harvard International Kapur, Devesh, John Lewis,and Richard Webb. The Review, vol. XX,no. 1, (Winter 1997-98), pp. 72-75. World Bank: Its First Fifty Years.Vol.1: History Johnston, Alastair Iain. “China and International Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Environmental Institutions:A Decision Rule Kapur, Devesh, John Lewis,and Richard Webb, eds., Analysis.”In Michael McElroy, ed., Energizing The World Bank: Its First Fifty Years. Vol.2: China: Reconciling Environmental Protection with Perspectives., Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Energy Demands of a Growing Economy.Cambridge, Institution. Ma.: Harvard University Press,1998. Kelman, Herbert C. “Interactive Problem Solving: An — “China’s Militarized Interstate Dispute Behavior, Approach to Conflict Resolution and its Application 1949-1992:A First Cut at the Data.” China in the Middle East.” PS: Political Science and Politics Quarterly, (March,1998). 31, (June 1998):190-198.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 7 9 — “Israel in Transition from Zionism to Post- Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press,1997, Zionism.”In G. Ben-Dor, ed., Israel in Transition. pp. 272-298. Vol.555 of The Annals of the American Academy of Levitt, Peggy. “Local-Level Global Religion: The Case of Political and Social Science.Thousand Oaks, Ca.: U.S.-Dominican Migration.” Journal for The Sage,1998, pp. 46-61. Scientific Study of Religion, 1998,3:74-89. — “The Place of Ethnic Identity in the Development of — “Transnationalizing Community Development: Personal Identity: A Challenge for the Jewish The Case of Migration Between Boston and the Family.” Studies in Contemporary Jewry, 1998. 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A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 8 3 Watson, James L. Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia. Stanford:Stanford University Press,1997. — “Living Ghosts: Long-Haired Destitutes in Colonial Hong Kong.”In Alf Hiltebeitel, ed.,and Barbara Miller. Hair: Its Power and Meaning in Asian Cultures. New York:State University of New York Press,1998, pp. 177-193. — “Sla very in Chi n a . ” In Stanley L. En g erm a n ,a n d Seymour Dres ch e r, eds . A His to r ical Guide to Worl d Sla very,Oxf ord: Oxf ord Uni versi t y Pres s , pp. 14 9 - 1 5 2 . — “Yangbanization in Comparative Perspective.” In Roger Janelli,and Mutsuhiko Shima, eds. Korea: Ethnography of a Changing Society. Osaka: National Ethnographic Museum of Japan. RESEARCH INTERESTS

ALLISON, Graham T., Jr. BENFELL, Steven Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Douglas Postdoctoral Fellow, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Dillon Professor of Government, John F. Kennedy Political institutionalization of the memory of war School of Government,and Director, Center for in postwar Japan;the role of the state in defining and Science and International Affairs, Harvard University. channeling the “facts” and the “meaning” of history; the influence of historical interpretations on contemporary ARAI, Yutaka (Japan) politics and foreign relations. Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Dep uty Di rector, E con omic Af f a i rs Bu re a u , Mi n i s try BLOOMFIELD, Steven B. of Agri c u l tu re , Fore s try, and Fisheri e s , Ja p a n . Po l i ti c a l Di re cto r, Fell ows Pro gram; We a t h erhead Cen ter econ omy of U. S . - Japan agri c u l tu ral rel a ti on s ; Ex e c u tive Co m m i t te e . Forei gn assistance ; i n tern a ti on a l h ow po l i ticians affect trade po l i c y; opti m a l aid po l i c y; i n ter- Am erican rel a ti on s ; edu c a ti on and mu l ti l a teral trade fra m ework for an incre a s i n gly i n tern a ti onal affairs . i n terdepen dent worl d . BOND, Douglas BARRY, Nicole Anna Associate Director, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Undergraduate Associate. Department of Social Studies, Cultural Survival. Development of a systematic Harvard College. Development of nongovernment framework to assess the strategic utility, dynamics,and organizations in Cape Town; South Africa’s reform outcomes of nonviolent direct action; Korean affairs; since 1984;the role of community and township civil concepts of justice in different societies; values/beliefs organizations in the anti-apartheid movement and the and their influence on leadership behavior. post-apartheid era. BOND, Joseph BASS, Gary Jonathan Visiting Scholar, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Mac A rthur Schol a r ,Mac A rthur Prog ram on Tran s n a ti o n a l Cultural Survival. Assistant Professor of Political Se c u ri t y Iss ues; Gradu a t e Stud e nt Asso ci a te . Ph . D . Science, The American University in Bulgaria. Can d i d a te , Depa r tme nt of Go vernm en t , Har var d International relations; political psychology; Uni versi t y. Int erna ti o nal war crimes tri bu n a l s ,1 8 1 5 - democratization. 19 9 7 ; ethics and interna ti o nal rel a ti on s ;n orms and regim e s ; ethnic conf l i ct ; Arab - Is r aeli pol i ti c s . BOWEN, Desmond (United Kingdom) Fellow. Director General, Defense Export Services BATES, Robert Organization, Ministry of Defense. Verification of arm s Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Eaton cont rol regi m e s ;c ri teria for pea ce- su p port/ k eepi n g Professor of Science and Government, Harvard intervention by the international community; University. Political economy; development; Africa; the future impact of China’s resurgence on agriculture;state disintegration and intranational, European security. pivotal violence. BROZ, J. Lawrence BEEMAN, Michael L. Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Government, Postdoctoral Fellow, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Harvard University. International political economy; Politics of antimonopoly policy in postwar Japan; U.S. foreign economic policy; international influences antitrust issues and problems in contemporary U.S.- on domestic institutions and policies. Japan economic relations. BRODNIG, Gernot (Austria) BELLIN, Eva Vi s i ting Sch ol a r, Pro gram on No nviol e nt Sanctions and Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Government, Cu l tu ral Su rviva l . Program Spec i a l i s t ,U N E S C O. Harvard University. Comparative politics and Cu l tu ral and envi ron m ental factors in con f l i ct ; comparative political economy in the Middle East and con f l i ct managem en t ; i n d i genous peoples and the North Africa. s t a te ; land and re s o u rce tenu re sys tem s ; com m on property managem en t ; bi od ivers i ty con s erva ti on and pro tected are a s .

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 8 5 BUDDING, Audrey Helfant CLARK, William C. Predoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Sidney and Area Studies. Ph.D.Candidate, History Harman Professor of International Science, Public Department, Harvard University. Serb intellectuals’ Policy, and Human Development, John F. Kennedy articulation of national ideologies in Communist and School of Government, Harvard University. Social post-Communist Yugoslavia;national ideologies of learning in international affairs;institutions for linking other Yugoslav peoples; Communist and post- scientific knowledge and political action on the global Communist nation- and state-building. environment; policy analysis for resource and environmental management,atmosphere/biosphere BURGER, Hillary interactions,and sustainable economic development. Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of History, Harvard University. The COATSWORTH, John H. intellectual culture of economists associated with the Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Monroe United Nations Economic Commission for Latin Gutman Professor of Latin American Affairs; Director, America (ECLA) at its height of influence between David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, 1948 and 1964. Harvard University. Economic and international history of Latin America; economic development of BUSCH,Marc L. Mexico; U.S. relations with Central America. Faculty Associate; Director of Graduate Student Programs; Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. COLTON, Timothy Assistant Professor of Government and of Social Faculty Associate. Morris and Anna Feldberg Professor Studies, Harvard University. The political economy of of Government and Russian Studies; Director, Davis trade protectionism;strategic trade theory; design of Center for Russian Studies, Harvard University. international institutions; club goods theory. CONLEY, Kathleen M. CHANG, Ki-ho (Republic of Korea) Air Force National Defense Fellow, John M.Olin Institute Fellow. Ambassador and Representative to the WTO for Strategic Studies. Lieutenant Colonel, Commander, and the UN in Geneva. Northeast Asian security; Asia- 86th Flying Training Squadron, U.S. Air Force. Post- Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). cold war employment of American military forces; U.S. military’s adaptation to the changing strategic CHAYES,Abram H. landscape; American society’s evolving expectations of Faculty Associate. Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law, the risks and rewards of employing military forces and Emeritus, Harvard Law School. International law; of those who serve. international dispute settlement; compliance with international agreements;international environmental CONNOLLY, Barbara law; peacekeeping. Visiting Scholar. Assistant Professor of Political Science, Tufts University. International institutions and political CHEN, Lincoln cooperation,especially East-West European Faculty Associate. Taro Takemi Professor of cooperation on regional environmental problems,the International Health, Center for Population and role of science assessment in European acid rain policy, Development Studies, Harvard School of Public Health. and comparative institutional analysis in trade and World population and health—“human security”; environment issues. policies for improving health equity worldwide, with focus on Asia. COOPER, Richard N. Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Maurits C. CHRISTENSEN, Thomas Boas Professor of International Economics, Harvard Postdoctoral Fellow in National Security, John M.Olin University. Overall management of the international Institute for Strategic Studies. Associate Professor of economic system; global energy use and policies; U.S.- Government, Cornell University. The role of European and U.S.-Japanese economic relations; China nationalism and ideology in communist alliances in and the world economy; global environmental issues. East Asia during the Cold War. CROSS, Susan DIABRÉ, Zéphirin (Burkina Faso) Graduate Student Affiliate, Program on International Fellow. Chairman of the Council for Economic Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Ph.D.Candidate, and Social Affairs,Ougadougou.Economic growth Department of Psychology, Harvard University. in Africa. Evaluation of interactive conflict resolution interventions;theory and research on the DOMÍNGUEZ, Jorge I. transformation of ethnic and racial conflict. Director,Weatherhead Center; Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Clarence Dillon Professor of CRUTCHFIELD, Amy International Affairs, Harvard University. International Bradley Fellow, John M.Olin Institute for Strategic and domestic politics in Latin America. Studies. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of Government, Harvard University. Motivation for political office- EKIERT, Grzegorz seeking in the postsocialist context; comparative eastern Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Government, German and Russian experience; exercise on model Harvard University. Comparative and East European presented by contract theories with “transitional politics; regime change and democratization; moment” between “state of nature” and “political life.” civil society, social movements,and strategies of collective protest. DAHL, Mikael (Sweden) Fellow. Director and Department Head for Division of EMERSON, Anne D. Africa and the Middle East, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Executive Director,Weatherhead Center; Weatherhead Security and cooperation in the Nordic and Baltic Center Executive Committee. International political countries; humanitarian goals versus Realpolitik in economy; Latin America;East Asia; environmental international affairs. politics;the role of academic institutions in international affairs. DAVIS, Donald Fac u l t y Asso ci a te . Assistant Profes s o r of Ec onom i c s , ERDMANN, Andrew Har var d Uni versi t y. Int erna ti o nal trade; econo mic growth . Graduate Student Associate, John M.Olin Institute for Strategic Studies; Coordinator, Olin National Security DEESE, David Group. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of History, Visiting Scholar. Associate Professor of Political Science, Harvard University. History of U.S. foreign relations; Boston College. Relationship between democracy and evolution of Americans’ conceptions of “victory”in the economic liberalism, emphasizing the effects of twentieth century; history of strategic thought. democratization on economic reform restructuring; integrated analysis of political economy theory, country EVANS, Carolyn case studies,and worldwide data on political and MacArthur Scholar,MacArthur Program on economic freedom. Transnational Security Issues; Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of Economics, DESCH, Michael C. Harvard University. Effects of international trade and Assistant Director and Senior Research Associate, John immigration on wages and inequality in the U.S.; role M.Olin Institute for Strategic Studies. Domestic of information in international trade. consequences of the changing international security environment;the wartime impact of pre-war EVERETT, Charles war planning. Undergraduate Associate. Department of Social Studies, Harvard College. Investigating the process of di PAOLA-GALLONI, Jean-Luc (France/Italy) constructing apartheid’s “official history”through the Associate, John M.Olin Institute for Strategic Studies. South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission; Ph.D.Candidate,Geopolitics/“Elive-Professeur” of notions of truth, justice,and memory in forging a new Ecole Normale Superieure. The civilizational national identity for South Africa. redefinition of the boundary and frontier concept in Europe after the fall of the Iron Curtain; mobility as a civilizational element of identity; the promotion of the cultural dimension as an instrument of optimization of negotiations in strategic issues.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 8 7 FEIGENBAUM, Evan A. GHOLZ, Eugene Postdoctoral Fellow in National Security, John M.Olin Predoctoral Fellow in National Security, John M.Olin Institute for Strategic Studies. Role of the military in Institute for Strategic Studies. Ph.D.Candidate, building large-scale technology programs in China;the Department of Political Science,MIT.Political military in China’s elite politics and institution- economy of defense during the Cold War; post-Cold building; comparative nuclear history; Chinese military War defense politics; U.S. grand strategy. and science politics;East Asian security. GOR, Priti FRANZ, Wendy Undergraduate Associate. Department of Economics Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, and David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Department of Government, Harvard University. Studies, Harvard University. Women and international International cooperation and institutions; development; examination of factors influencing a international environmental politics; politics of climate woman’s decision to work inside versus outside of change and biodiversity; role of nongovernmental home in San Juan, Puerto Rico. organizations and other non-state actors in international politics. GORGILADZE, Rusudan (Republic of Georgia) Fellow. Chief State Advisor to the President of Georgia. FRIEDEN, Jeffry Democratization; democratic transitions in Latin Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Professor of America; U.S. foreign policy; issues in U.S.-European Government, Harvard University. Politics of political security. international monetary and financial relations. HAFTENDORN, Helga (Germany) FU, Jun (P.R.of China) Visiting Scholar (spring); Weatherhead Center Visiting Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Committee. University Professor for International Department of Government, Harvard University. The Relations, Department of Political Science, Free effects of politics (clientalism) and policies (China’s University of Berlin,Germany. Security institutions; FDI regime) on the performances of foreign-funded changes and effects;joint project with Weatherhead enterprises in the People’s Republic of China. Center alliances group.

GATHII, James Thuo (Kenya) HAI, Cao Tran Quoc (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) Graduate Student Associate (Spring). SJD Candidate, Fellow. Senior Expert,Economic Department, Ministry Harvard Law School.State security legislation in sub- of Foreign Affairs. The prospective Vietnamese Saharan Africa; economic and legal reform in sub- accession to the WTO and APEC. Saharan Africa;the political economy of governance in developing countries;international law and human HALL, Peter A. rights; constitutional law and theory. Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Professor of Government, Harvard University. U.S.-Europe GAVIN,Francis relations;the European Community; comparative Postdoctoral Fellow in National Security, John M.Olin political economy; comparative public policy-making. Institute for Strategic Studies. Lecturer, Department of History, University of Pennsylvania. History of U.S. HASEGAWA, Toshiaki (Japan) balance of payments deficit and gold outflow and its Academic Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. impact on American economic, political,and military Professor of Economics, Chuo University. The role of policy toward Europe after WWII; relationship between the U.S.and Japan in the liberalization of trade and international monetary relations and national security; direct investment in the APEC region; open burden-sharing in NATO. regionalism.

GEHAN, Jean-René (France) HASKELL, Chester D. Fellow. Deputy Assistant Secretary for Political Affairs Associate; Executive Secretary, Harvard Academy for for the UN and International Organizations, Ministry International and Area Studies. Dean, College of Arts, of Foreign Affairs. Evolution and reform of global Sciences,and Professional Studies, Simmons College. multinational institutions; Euro-American relations Comparative politics and political development;issues after the cold war; political and social impact of centralization and decentralization,urban of globalization. development,and public finance,especially nongovernmental and nonprofit organizations; Latin HUNTINGTON, Samuel P. American affairs and politics. Director, John M.Olin Institute for Strategic Studies; Weatherhead Center Executive Committee; Chairman, HEHIR, J. Bryan Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies. Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Albert J.Weatherhead III University Professor, Harvard Professor of the Practice in Religion and Society, University. The new security environment and U.S. Harvard Divinity School. Ethics of intervention; strategy; democratization of authoritarian polities; politics and ethics of nonproliferation; empirical- American national identity and national interests; normative status of sovereignty. the clash of civilizations;the place of culture in international politics. HELLMAN, Joel S. Faculty Associate. Assistant Profe s s or of G overn m en t , IKEYA, Konosuke (Japan) Ha rva rd Un ivers i ty. The po l i tics of econ omic reform Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Director, in po s tcom munist sys tem s . Research Division, Small & Medium Enterprise Agency, HICKS, Donna Japanese Ministry of International Trade & Industry Deputy Director, Program on International Conflict (MITI). Business alliances of small and medium Analysis and Resolution. Unofficial conflict resolution enterprises in the U.S.and Japan. processes and their application to the conflicts in Sri IMIG, Douglas Rowley Lanka and the Middle East. Visiting Scholar, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and HOFFMANN, Stanley H. Cultural Survival. Professor of Public Administration, Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. University of Nevada,Las Vegas. Social movements; Paul and Catherine Buttenwieser University Professor, interest groups; globalization; political participation. Harvard University. U.S. foreign policy;U.S.-Europe relations; French politics and political ideas;modern IRIYE,Akira political ideologies; European integration;international Faculty Associate. Charles Warren Professor of relations theory; conflict and ethics. Ame rican His t ory, Har var d Uni versi t y. Non- g eopol i ti c a l issues in international affairs since 1945;international HOROWITZ, Richard S. movements for the protection of the environment and Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, human rights,and for establishing networks among Department of History, Harvard University. State- different countries’ nongovernmental organizations. making in modern Chinese history; comparative history of the state in Asia and Europe;international ISONO, Hiroaki (Japan) systems and domestic politics in China and Asia. Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Deputy Manager, Research Division Corporate HTUN, Mala Nani Planning Department, Tokyo Electric Power Company. Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, U.S.and Japanese deregulation policies from both Department of Government, Harvard University. economic and security perspectives. Women’s rights in Brazil, Argentina,and Chile;Latin American politics; democratic theory; identity politics; ITO, Koichi (Japan) feminist theory. Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Manager, International Treasury Division, Mitsubishi Trust & HUANG,Yasheng Banking Company. Cooperative efforts between the Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Business U.S.and Japan in financial markets since the Plaza Administration, Harvard Business School. Political Accord; projection of what actions will be effective and economy of industrial policies in East Asia; reforms in necessary in the future. previously centrally planned economies; Sino-U.S. economic and political relations. ITO, Toshiyuki (Japan) Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Political HUGHES, Richard writer, Yomiuri Shinbun. Reciprocal relations between Undergraduate Associate. Department of Government, the mass media and politics; the influence of the mass Harvard College. Pre-industrial European agricultural media on foreign policy;Japanese and American policy; land tenure; Japanese labor history; economic administrative strategies to use the mass media to lead development. public opinion.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 8 9 JOHNSON, Amy KASTNER,George Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate in History Affiliate; Co-Director, NOMOS project. Managing and Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University. Director, Arthur D. Little, Inc. - Venezuela. Political biography of Dr.Ahmed Hussein, Egyptian Latin America. social reformer and diplomat; Egyptian social, political, economic,and diplomatic history, 1935-1960. KELMAN, Herbert C. Director, Program on International Conflict Analysisand JOHNSTON, Alastair Iain Resolution; Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Government, Cabot Professor of Social Ethics, Harvard University. Harvard University. Chinese foreign policy and conflict International and ethnic conflict and conflict management behavior; East Asian security; ideational resolution, with special emphasis on the Middle East; sources of strategic choice; foreign policy learning and nationalism and national identity; legitimate authority arms control; culture and politics;international and personal responsibility; social influence and relations theory. attitude change; ethics of social research.

JONES-CORREA, Michael KEOHANE, Robert O. Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Government, Associate; Weatherhead Center Visiting Committee. Harvard University. Immigrant politics and James B.Duke Professor of Political Science, Duke immigration policy; the political life of Latin American University. Theories of internation relations; immigrants in the United States; ethnic succession,civil international institutions and cooperation; U.S. Foreign disturbance,and immigrant mobilization in urban policy; international environmental issues. United States. KEYS, Barbara JOUAS, Jan-Marc Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Fellow. Lietunant Colonel, United States Air Force. Department of History, Harvard University. Sports, Expansion of NATO and its impact on the U.S. policy ideology, and international relations;sports diplomacy and military strategy in the twenty-first century. in Germany, the Soviet Union,and the United States in the 1930s. JUN, Uwe (Germany) Thyssen Postdoctoral Fellow, Program on the Performance KHARKHORDIN, Oleg (Russia) of Democracies. Party systems in Western Europe;the Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International future of democracies; European integration and party and Area Studies. Development of financial-industrial politics; comparing between U.S.and European parties. networks in Russia; pragmatic turn in social sciences.

KAHL, Colin KIRBY, William Predoctoral Fellow in National Security, John.M.Olin Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Professor and Institute for Strategic Studies. Ph.D.Candidate, Chair, Department of History, and Chair,Council on Department of Political Science, Columbia University. East Asian Studies, Harvard University. Foreign models Population growth, environmental degradation,and and Chinese modernization. renewable resource scarcity as sources of civil strife in developing countries; political violence and internal KORNAI, Janos war in El Salvador, Israel’s occupied territories, Kenya, Faculty Associate. Allie S. Freed Professor of Economics, the Phlippines and South Africa (1970-present). Harvard University. Socialist economic systems.

KAPUR, Devesh LaPORTA, Rafael Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Government, Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Economics, Harvard University. Impact of technological change, Harvard University. globalization,state capacity, and international financial institutions on economic reform processes in LAWRENCE,Robert Z. developing countries;state capacity and institutional Faculty Associate. Albert L. Williams Professor of change in India. International Trade and Investment, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; New Century Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution. International economic integration; globalization and the labor market; exchange-rate adjustment. LEVITT, Peggy MADAJEWICZ, Margaret Faculty Associate; Director of Undergraduate Student Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Programs (spring). Assistant Professor of Sociology, Department of Economics, Harvard University. Harvard University. International migration;Latin Theoretical and empirical analysis of institutions which America; transnationalism; democratization and civil provide loans to low-income entrepreneurs; optimal society; the sociology of religion. structure of loan contracts and empirical analysis of impact on poverty generated by existing institutions. LEWU, Jaiyeola Joseph (Nigeria) Fellow. Head of the North America Division, Ministry MANDELL,Brian S. of Foreign Affairs. Nigeria’s economic-development Faculty Associate, Program on International Conflict relations with Japan; relations between Africa and Analysis and Resolution. Lecturer in Public Policy, Brazil and South-South relations in general. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. International mediation and conflict LORTIE, Marc (Canada) resolution; Arab-Israeli conflict; U.S. foreign policy; Fellow. Ambassador to Chile. Canada’s foreign policy Canadian-American relations. toward the Americas,especially with regard to economic policy and free trade. MARES, David Visiting Scholar (fall). Professor of Political Science, LORTIE, Patricia (Canada) University of California, San Diego. Domestic theory Fellow. Counsellor for Economic Affairs, Paris. and international conflict; deterrence and the International environmental issues in the foreign militarization of interstate disputes; Ecuador-Peru and policy context. Venezuela-Colombia as case studies of intra- democratic conflict. LUONG,Pauline Jones Predoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International MARTIN, Lenore and Area Studies. Assistant Professor of Political Associate. Professor of Political Science,Emmanuel Science, Yale University. Regional integration and College. Turkey and the Middle East;international security in post-Soviet central Asia; the politics of oil relations of Middle East states; Gulf security; new and gas development in Kazakstan, Uzbekistan,and frontiers and Middle East security. Turkmenistan. MARTIN, Lisa L. MACDONALD, Theodore Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Professor Associate Director, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and of Government, Harvard University. The impact Cultural Survival. Research Associate, Peabody Museum of domestic institutions on states’ ability to make of Anthropology, Harvard University. Ethnicity and credible commitments; economic sanctions; conflict;indigenous peoples/ethnic groups and the European Union; U.S. foreign policy; legislatures in state; Latin American social movements;land and international cooperation. resource tenure systems; common property management; human rights/group rights. MATSUMURA, Masahiro (Japan) Postdoctoral Fellow in National Security, John M.Olin MacFARQUHAR, Roderick Institute for Strategic Studies. Associate Professor of Faculty Associate. Leroy B.Williams Professor of International Relations,School of Social Science,St. History and Political Science, Harvard University. Andrew’s University. Theater missile defense policies of China’s cultural revolution;legislative bodies in the U.S., Japan, South Korea,and Taiwan and the Taiwan and China;two centuries of revolutionary evolving regional framework under the U.S. change in China. MASSARI, Maurizio (Italy) MAIER, Charles S. Fellow. Deputy Chief of European Integration, Ministry Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Director, of Foreign Affairs. Russian domestic and foreign policy; Center for European Studies; Krupp Foundation European integration; European Union enlargement to Professor of European Studies, Harvard University. the east; democ ra t ic tran s i ti o ns in pos t - c omm unist states . Modern European history; U.S.-Europe relations; international political economy; “The End of East Germany.”

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 9 1 MAY, Ernest MORIMITSU,Kozo (Japan) Faculty Associate. Charles Warren Professor of Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Assistant American History; Director, Charles Warren Center for Manager, Personnel Section, Personnel Department, Studies in American History, Harvard University. Idemitsu Kosan Company. Human-resource management;the organizational structure of research MAYBURY-LEWIS, David and development in American and Japanese Director, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural companies. Survival; Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Professor of Anthropology, Harvard University. Human MUNROE, Trevor (Jamaica) rights of indigenous peoples in the Americas,especially Visiting Scholar. Reader in Government and Politics, Bra z i l ; s oc i oecon omic devel opm ent in Latin University of the West Indies, Kingston. Jamaica, Am eri c a ; ethnic con f l i ct ; p lu ral soc i eti e s ; c u l tu ral democracy, and narcotics; democracy and the negatives and ethical rel a tivi s m . of contemporary globalization.

McELROY, Michael B. MURALIDHARAN, Karthik (India) Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. A.L.Gilbert Undergraduate Associate. Department of Economics, Butler Professor of Environmental Studies, Harvard Harvard College. Role of agricultural University. Studies of stratospheric ozone and global protection/investment in accelerating economic growth climate with an emphasis on effects of human activity; at early stages of development; relative efficiencies of impact of rapid economic development in China on different forms of public investment in income growth the regional and global environment. and poverty alleviation.

MEHTA, Pratap MURILLO, Maria Victoria (Argentina) Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Government, Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International Harvard University. Historical and contemporary and Area Studies (fall). Economic reform and labor political theory; seventeenth- and eighteenth-century market deregulation in Argentina, Mexico, and thought; political and historical change in India. Venezuela;labor movements and the politics of economic liberalization. MISHRA,Anupam Undergraduate Associate. Department of Economics, NAKAJIMA, Isao (Japan) Harvard College. Regional economic inequality in Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Manager of India:isolating real engines of growth;understanding Gas Resources, Tokyo Gas Co.,Ltd. The future of the forces behind unequal growth patterns in the Asian energy market;strategies concerning American developing nation. energy sources.

MONTESANO, Michael NICOLAIDIS, Kalypso (France/Greece) Predoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Public Policy, and Area Studies. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard History, Cornell University. Southeast Asia since late University. International conflict prevention; European eighteenth century; social history of modern Thailand; Union and the politics of transitions,particularly in the Overseas Chinese; comparative history of commercial, Balkans; regulatory cooperation in the European Union social,and international economic change in the and the world; trade liberalization and global twentieth century. governance; subsidiarity at the world level.

MORAVCSIK,Andrew NUCCIO, Richard Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Government, Visiting Scholar. Inventing a post-cold war U.S. foreign Harvard University. History and political economy of policy; role of civil society in democratic traditions; the European Community; international law; global intelligence reform. human rights; regulatory harmonization and non-tariff trade barriers;liberalism and international relations; NYE, Joseph S., Jr. qualitative methods; Western Europe;international Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Dean, John F. political economy. Kennedy School of Government,and Don K. Price Professor of Public Policy,Harvard University. Nuclear weapons policy;U.S. foreign policy; power and interdependence in world politics. ODAHARA, Takeshi (Japan) PAUL, T.V. (Canada) Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Staff writer, Vis i t ing Schol a r . Ass oc i a t e Profes s o r of Pol i t ical Science , Mainichi Shinbun. East Asian security and nationalism; McG i l l Uni versi t y, Can ad a . Nuc lear nonp rol i f erati on , the balance of power in East Asia. sp eci f i c a l ly, why cou n t ries forego nuc lear wea p ons ; gran d st rat egies for pea ceful cha n g e in the interna ti o nal syst em. O’NEILL, Kathleen Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, PEKKANEN, Saadia Mazhar (Pakistan) Committee on Political Economy and Government, Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International Harvard University. Political and economic and Area Studies (fall). International political economy; decentralization in Latin America. Japan in the world political economy; politics of political economy of Japan; multilateral trade relations. ORNATOWSKI, Gregory Academic Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. PERKINS, Dwight H. Changing models of management in both wholly Faculty Associate. Harold Hitchings Burbank Professor owned Japanese companies and Japan-U.S.joint of Political Economy, Harvard University. Political venture companies; human resource management; economy and economic development of East and deci s i o n-making processes and orga n i z a ti o nal struc ture s . Southeast Asia; transition from command to market economies in China and Vietnam. OTABE, Yoichi (Japan) Fellow. Counsellor in the Japanese Embassy in PERRY, Elizabeth Washington, D.C. Japan’s role in the UN and other Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Government, multilateral fora; Japan’s contribution to global Harvard University. Politics of China; workers as political, economic,and social issues and to the citizens in modern China. harmonization of regional initiatives such as APEC and ARF. PETERSON,Paul E. Faculty Associate. Henry Lee Shattuck Professor of OUE, Sadamasa (Japan) Government, Harvard University. U.S. political Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Lieutenant institutions and problems of governance; congressional Colonel, Japan Air Self Defense Force. The military’s role in policymaking; educational policy; federalism; role in future Japan-U.S.security relations;the welfare policy. modality of America’s military presence in North East Asia and the bilateral security relationship; desirable PETITE,Michel (France) forms of cooperation between Japan and the U.S. Fellow. Director of the Task Force for the 1996 Inter- Governmental Conference, European Commission. PAARLBERG, Robert L. Modern management techniques;current trends in the Associate. Professor of Political Science, Wellesley transatlantic relationship. College. U.S.and international economic policy, especially agricultural development and trade; PHARR, Susan J. international environmental policy, especially Director, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations; Weatherhead in agriculture. Center Executive Committee. Associate Dean, Faculty of Arts and Sciences;Steering Committee, Asia Center; PAPADOPOULOS, Constantine (Greece) Edwin O. Reischauer Professor of Japanese Politics, Fellow. Diplomat, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. European Harvard University. Comparative politics of advanced integration; economic and monetary union in the EU; industrial nations; political behavior; contemporary enlargement of the EU and NATO. Japanese politics; Japanese foreign policy; international relations of Asia; North-South relations. PARK, Jongchul (Korea) Visiting Scholar, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and PIERSON,Paul Cultural Survival. Research Fellow, Korea Institute for Faculty Associate. Professor of Government, Harvard National Unification. North Korean refugees’ University. Comparative public policy and political adaptation to South Korea; early warning system on economy; the development of the American, British, North Korea;security cooperation in Northeast Asia. and German welfare states;the role of temporal processes in politics.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 9 3 PORTER,Michael E. RAISKIN, Julia Fac u l t y Asso ci a te . Profes s o r of Business Adm i n i s t rati on , Undergraduate Associate. Department of Anthropology, Har var d Business Schoo l . Int erna ti o nal finance; Harvard College. Transformation of soviet psychiatry in t erna ti o nal econom i c s ; Jap a n ; tele commu n i c a ti on s ;t h e in the post-Soviet transition;uses of psychiatry for envir onm en t ; U.S . dome s t ic pol i c y ; Ea s t - W est rela ti on s . punitive and disciplinary purposes; the emergence of psychoanalysis in the 1990s; social and cultural impact POSNER, Daniel N. of the transition in Russia. Predoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of REDDY, Sanjay G. (India) Government, Harvard University. Ethnic politics in Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Africa; democratization; political development. Department of Economics,and Graduate Fellow in Ethics, Program in Ethics and the Professions, Harvard PREISINGER, Johannes (Germany) University. Political economy of development; Fellow. Ambassador in Sarajevo/Bosnia-Herzegovina. normative foundations of the development ideal; The balance sheet on the Dayton peace process;how alternative models; globalization; South Asia. Muslim identity is forged in the European multicultural framework. RICHARDSON, Louise (Ireland/United States) Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Government, PRENDERGAST, Timothy Edwin Harvard University. Alliances; Anglo-American Fellow. Captain, United States Navy.Impact of Korean relations;international terrorism; comparative foreign unification on U.S./Japan bi-lateral security issues; policy; British and Irish politics;security studies; U.S.- evolution of U.S.military forward presence posture on European relations. Pacific rim;law of the sea and admiralty claims in the Western Pacific; resolution of competing sovereignty RODRIK, Dani claims for unoccupied/unexploited island groups. Faculty Associate. Rafiq Hariri Professor of International Political Economy, John F. Kennedy PRESS, Daryl School of Government, Harvard University. Predoctoral Fellow in National Security, John M.Olin International economics; economic development; Institute for Strategic Studies. Ph.D.Candidate, political economy. Department of Political Science,MIT.The sources of credibility during military crises;the role of national ROSEN, Stephen P. reputations in international politics; American and Associate Director, John M.Olin Institute for Strategic British foreign policy during the Cold War. Studies; Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security PRICE, Karissa and Military Affairs, Harvard University. Non-rational Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, aspects of strategic behavior; impact of social structures Department of Government, Harvard University. on military organizations; technological change and the Comparative political economy, particularly in Latin future of war. America and South East Asia;international political economy; democracies and economic reform. ROSENBAUM, Walter Visiting Scholar. Professor of Political Science, PUTNAM, Robert D. University of Florida. The relevance of environmental Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Stanfield forecasting information to public policy in different Professor of International Peace,and Director, The cultural settings. Saguaro Seminar on Civic Engagement in America, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard ROUHANA, Nadim University. Civic connectedness and social capital in Associate; Co-chair, Seminar on International Conflict America;making democracy work in the United States Analysis and Resolution. Associate Professor, Graduate and abroad; comparative European politics; Program in Dispute Resolution, University of contemporary relations among the major Western Massachusetts, Boston. Dynamics of conflict and powers; domestic roots of foreign policy. conflict resolution;nationalism and national identity; minorities in multi-ethnic states; Arab-Israeli conflict; Israeli and Palestinian politics and society. ROY, Sara SHIN, Jiweon (Korea) Associate. Associate, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Harvard University. Middle East economics; Palestinian Department of Sociology, Harvard University. economics; Palestinian-Israeli conflict; political Institutionalization of Christianity in Korea, Japan,and economy of development; women in development; Taiwan; comparative historical analysis of public Islamic economics; Islamism. discourse on gender/sexuality in Korea and Japan, 1880s-1940s; trend analysis of Korean motion picture SACHS, Jeffrey industry, 1920s-1990s. Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade,and Director, SHUSTOROVICH, Ellen Harvard Institute for International Development, Undergraduate Associate. Department of Social Studies, Harvard University. Economic development; Harvard College. Western European politics;EC policy- macroeconomic policy in developed and developing making, especially France’s role in cultural protection countries; economic reform in the post-communist policies and trade protection of the audiovisual sector. economies;international policy coordination; international financial markets. SIMEON, Richard (Canada) Visiting Professor,Mackenzie King Professor of Canadian SANDEL, Michael Studies (spring). Professor of Political Science and Law, Faculty Associate. Professor of Government, University of Toronto. Designing new constitutions; Harvard University. South Africa in comparative perspective;civil society and national unity; the evolution of linkages across SCHIMMELPENNINCK van der Oye, David language and regional groups in Canada; trends in (Netherlands/Canada) Canadian and American federalism;causes and Postdoctoral Fellow in National Security, John M.Olin consequences of decentralization. Institute for Strategic Studies. Assistant Professor of Russian and East Asian History, Brock University, SINGH, Smita Canada. Ideologies of empire and Russia’s Far East, Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, 1895-1904; Sino-Russian relations,culture and Department of Government, Harvard University. imperialism;intelligence history. Politics of macroeconomic policy-making in Indonesia and Nigeria;using techniques of “process-tracing” and SCHIRMER, Jennifer game theory to explore the political foundations of Associate, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural economic policy. Survival. Lecturer on Social Studies, Harvard University. Latin American civil-military relations, SKOCPOL,Theda demilitarization, rebuilding civil society and Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Professor of democratic institutions,military attitudes toward Government and Sociology, Harvard University. U.S. national security; human rights, comparing local politics and public policies in comparative and political and cultural contexts to universal standards; historical perspective; comparative revolutions and rights as the basis for resistance;looting of human social movements;civic engagement in U.S.and rights language by governments. other democracies.

SCHWARTZ, Frank SKRETA, Marek (Switzerland) Associate Director, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Asso ci a te , John M. Olin Ins ti tu t e for Strat egic Stud i e s . Ph . D . Domestic Japanese politics; U.S.-Japan relations; Can d i d a te , Depa r tme nt of Int erna ti o nal Rela ti on s , interest-group politics;modern social theory. Uni versi t y of S t .G a ll en , Swit z erla n d . Int errela ti o n betw een the state and the financial sector in the Czech Repu bl i c ; SEVILLA, Christina tran s f orma ti o n and pos t - p rivati z a ti o n in Cent ral and Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Ea s t ern Eur ope; glob a l i z a ti o n of financial markets and Department of Government, Harvard University. The in t erna ti o nal secu ri t y. politics of enforcing multilateral trade rules; GATT/WTO dispute settlement;international political SLAUGHTER,Anne-Marie economy; European integration and institutions. Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. J. Sinclair Armstrong Professor of International, Foreign and Comparative Law; Co-Director of Graduate and International Legal Studies, Harvard Law School.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 9 5 International law and international relations theory; STEIN, James C. the emergence of “government networks” among judges Navy Federal Executive Fellow, John M.Olin Institute for and national regulators; supranational adjudication;the Strategic Studies. Commander, U.S. Navy.Influence of changing nature of the state in a highly interdependent globalization and multinational capitalism on national international system. security; impact of Congress and balanced-budget initiatives on Department of Defense force structure. SNYDER, Richard Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International STEINER, Pamela Pomerance and Area Studies. Assistant Professor of Political Postdoctoral Fellow, Program on International Conflict Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Analysis and Resolution. Assessment of the role that our The politics of economic reform in Mexico; different “consciousness abilities” or “orders of comparative analysis of new institutions for economic consciousness” play in how we participate in groups governance in Latin America. dealing with difficult issues, whether policy making, conflict resolving, or responding to orders. SOHRABI, Nader Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International SUAREZ-OROZCO, Marcelo and Area Studies. Assistant Professor of Sociology, Faculty Associate. Professor of Education, Harvard University of Iowa. Constitutional revolutions and state Graduate School of Education. formation in Iran,the Ottoman Empire,and Russia; emerging nationalism in the Turkish and Persian SZPORLUK, Roman speaking republics in the former Soviet Union. Faculty Associate. Mykhailo S.Hrushevs’Kyi Professor of Ukrainian History, Harvard University. Modern SOLBRIG, Otto Ukrainian, Russian,and Polish history; USSR; history Faculty Associate. Bussey Professor of Biology, Harvard of political thought;socialism;nationalism. University. Population biology and population ecology of plants with emphasis on natural resources and TALCOTT,Paul people in Latin America; biology of tropical savannas; Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, economic botany; plant diversity. Department of Government, Harvard University. Health care reform in advanced industrial democracies; SOYSAL, Levent (Turkey) political economy of health policy in Japan;impact of Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, interest groups on elections and policy. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University. Formations of identity among Turkish youth groups in TAMBIAH, Stanley Berlin,Germany; study of migrant youth’s visions of Faculty Associate. Esther and Sidney Rabb Professor of future and belonging in Germany and negotiation of Anthropology, Harvard University. Nationalism, ethnic identity in local,national,and global social spaces. conflict,and collective violence, with special reference to South and Southeast Asia. SOYSAL, Yasemin Faculty Associate. John L. Loeb Associate Professor of TOMZ, Michael the Social Sciences, Harvard University. Nation-state, Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, citizenship, and collective identity; international Department of Government, Harvard University. migrations; human rights; transnational institutions; International and comparative political economy; changing forms of claims-making and participation in public debt and trade policy in Latin America. European public spheres. TORNELL,Aaron SPAR, Debora Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Economics, Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Business Harvard University. International economic growth. Administration, Harvard Business School. Political environment of trade and foreign direct investment; TRAN, Mark Minh international trade in information-based industries, Undergraduate Associate. Department of Social Studies, including media, entertainment, electronic commerce, Harvard College. Interpretation and representation of and professional services. Vietnamese Bronze-age artifacts;historiographical negotiation between nationalism and Marxism in Vie tnamese archa eol o gy and history; cons t ruc tio n of Vie tnamese natio nal identi t y throu g h the pol i t ics of mem o ry. TSAI, Kellee VERNON, Raymond Predoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International Faculty Associate. Clarence Dillon Professor of and Area Studies. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of International Affairs,Emeritus, Harvard University. The Political Science, Columbia University. Comparative emerging role of the multinational enterprise; study of gender differences in capital-raising strategies privatization;the changing character of the among private entrepreneurs in China; relationship international trading system and its relation to the between the state banking system and innovations in structure of world industry. non-banking financial institutions in reform-era China. VOGEL, Ezra F. TSUJI, Shoichi (Japan) Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Henry Ford Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Deputy II Professor of the Social Sciences,and Director, Director, Customs Clearance Division, Ministry of Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, Harvard Finance.Fiscal reform in advanced industrial nations. University. U.S.-China relations; Chinese development; Japanese society; Japan as a model for industrial East TUCKER, Joshua A. Asia; Japan’s evolving role in Asia and the world; U.S.- Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Japan-China triangle. Department of Government, Harvard University. Politics of postcommunism in former Soviet Union and VOGEL, Steven East Central Europe; effect of economic conditions on Faculty Associate. Assistant Professor of Government, election results in new democracies; voting and Harvard University. Japanese domestic politics and elections; politics of economic reform. foreign policy; comparative political economy; Japanese, French,and German models of capitalism TUCKER, Richard and how they are changing in the 1990s Graduate Student Associate; Computer Resources Assistant. Research Fellow, Harvard-MIT Data Center; WALDRON, Arthur Ph.D.Candidate, Department of Political Science, Postdoctoral Fellow in National Security, John M.Olin Indiana University. International security and political Institute for Strategic Studies. Lauder Professor of economy; relationship between domestic and foreign International Relations, University of Pennsylvania. policy; consequences of militarized conflict; research Chinese civil wars,1911-1949; contemporary Asian design; quantitative methods. security issues; international relations.

UCHIYAMA, Katsuhisa (Japan) WALLANDER, Celeste Associate, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Assistant Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Government, Director, Project Division, Japan Development Bank. Harvard University. Soviet/post-Soviet security policy; Trade structures and foreign direct investment by U.S. German security policy; international strategy and and Japanese firms in East Asia; changes in the trade conflict;crisis bargaining and escalation; the use of structures of the U.S.and Japan as a result of their military force;international institutions and security foreign direct investment in East Asia. in Europe. van der VEEN, Maurits (The Netherlands) WARNER, Carolyn M. Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Visiting Scholar. Assistant Professor, Arizona State Department of Government, Harvard University. University. National and international sources of Comparison of motivations and interests of donor patronage and corruption in the European Union; nations in participating in development cooperation, Catholic Church’s intervention in post-1945 French emergency aid,and international peacekeeping efforts; and Italian politics;nascent state destruction in norms,identity, and foreign policy of small- and nineteenth-century West Africa. medium-sized powers. WATSON, James L. VARSHNEY, Ashutosh Faculty Associate. John King and Wilma Cannon Faculty Associate; Academic Coordinator,Harvard Fairbank Professor of Chinese Society, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies. Associate University. Ritual and the social significance of Professor of Government, Harvard University. Ethnicity death in Chinese society; emigration from and and nationalism; political economy of development; immigration to China. democracy and authoritarianism in the developing world; South Asian politics.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 9 7 WEIDNER, Glenn YOFFIE, David B. Fellow. Colonel, United States Army. The future of the Weatherhead Center Executive Committee. Max and Inter-American system with respect to hemispheric Doris Starr Professor of International Business security issues. Administration, Harvard Business School. The political economy of multinational trade and investment;the WEILER, Joseph H. interaction of government and corporate strategies in Faculty Associate. Manley Hudson Professor of Law and global competition;high technology and electronics- Jean Monnet Chair;Co-director, European Law based industries. Research Center, Harvard Law School; Co-director, Academy of European Law, European University ZAGORSKY, Alexei (Russia) Institute,Florence, Italy. International, comparative, Postdoctoral Fellow, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. and European law; European Union, NAFTA,and Head, Political Studies, Center for Asian-Pacific Studies, WTO; Arab-Israeli conflict. Moscow. The democratization of non-Western societies;the modernization of East Asia; Japanese and WESTGAARD, Geir (Norway) Korean domestic politics; Russian foreign and military Fellow. Advisor in International Affairs,Office of the policy in East Asia. Prime Minister, Oslo. Relations between Russia and the Baltic states and their security implications for ZIMMERMAN, Scott Northern Europe;the geopolitics of energy, particularly Research Assistant, John M.Olin Institute for Strategic the case of Caspian Sea oil;the interrelationship Studies. Multidisciplinary approaches to current issues between market economic reforms and political in international affairs and business; post-cold war liberalization and democratization. global politics and security; strategic management of multinational and “knowledge” firms; organizational WILKINSON, Steven I.(United Kingdom) change; European Union law; North Atlantic free trade; Predoctoral Fellow, Harvard Academy for International U.S. domestic politics; racial inequality in America. and Area Studies (fall). Ph.D.Candidate, Department of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The causes of ethnic and religious violence and the success or failure of policies to limit such violence, especially in India;the relationship between democracy, democratization,and ethnic conflict.

WOLFE, Rebecca Graduate Student Affiliate, Program on International Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of Psychology, Harvard University. Interactive problem-solving; Israeli-Palestinian conflict; international development programs; policy negotiations.

XU, Guoqi (China) Graduate Student Associate. Ph.D.Candidate, Department of History, Harvard University. World War I and China’s quest for national identity; China and the international system in the modern world; the national identity crisis in contemporary China; Sino-U.S. relations (1972-present).

YASHAR, Deborah Faculty Associate. Associate Professor of Government and of Social Studies, Harvard University. Comparative politics with an emphasis on Latin America; comparative historical analysis of democracy and authoritarianism; political economy of development; social movements; ethnic politics. A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

1997-98 VISITING COMMITTEE Karl Kaiser Professor of Political Science, University The Visiting Committee met April 16-17 to review the of Bonn; Director, German Council on Foreign activities of the Center. Relations; Visiting Scholar,Weatherhead Center for Sidney R.Knafel International Affairs. (Chairman), Principal,SRK Management Co. John A. Kaneb Frank Boas Chairman,Golf Oil Corporation. Attorney at Law. Pierre Keller A. Kim Campbell, Former Partner, Lombard Odier & Cie. Canadian Consul General of Los Angeles. Robert O.Keohane Phyllis D. Collins James B.Duke Professor of Political Science, Duke Director, Keswick Management, Inc. University.

Gurcharan Das Yotaro Kobayashi Chairman of the Board, Citibank-India. Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Fuji Xerox Company, Ltd. Richard W. Fisher Managing Partner, Fisher Capital Management. Ira Kukin Chairman of the Board, Apollo Technologies Henry E. Fitzgibbons International Corporation. Managing Director, Top Technology Ltd. Yukio Matsuyama Donald J. Gogel Honorary Chairperson,Editorial Board, The Co-President, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, Inc. Asahi Shinbun.

Helga Haftendorn David E.Moore University Professor, Freie Universität Berlin. Chairman and Editorial Director, International Business Magazine. Roberto Hernández Ramírez Chairman of the Board, Banco Nacional de Hassan Nemazee México, S.A. (Mexico). Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Nemazee Capital Corporation. Diego Hidalgo Chairman of the Board, Universidad William A. Nitze II de Extremadura. Assistant Administrator for International Activities, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency. Karen Elliott House President, International Administration, Pedro J. Pick Dow Jones & Co., Inc. Member of the Supervisory Board, Patria Finance,a.s.

Harold K. Jacobson Alan G. Quasha Jesse S. Reeves Professor of Political Science and President,Quadrant Management, Inc. Director, Center for Political Studies, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Emma Rothschild Director, Centre for History and Economics, Robert Jervis King’s College. Adlai E.Stevenson Professor of International Relations, Institute of War and Peace Studies, Columbia University.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 9 9 Susanne H. Rudolph Jeffry Frieden William Benton Distinguished Service Professor of Professor of Government. Political Science, University of Chicago. Peter A.Hall Enid C. B. Schoettle Professor of Government. Department of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations. J. Bryan Hehir Herbert S. Winokur, Jr. Professor of the Practice in Religion and Society, Managing Partner, Winokur & Associates, Inc. Harvard Divinity School.

Stanley H. Hoffmann 1997-1998 EXECUTIVE Paul and Catherine Buttenwieser University Professor. C O M M I T T E E The Executive Committee provides overall policy Samuel P. Huntington guidance to the Center and is a forum for scholarly Albert J.Weatherhead III University Professor; Director, exchange among its members. John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Jorge I.Domínguez Director, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs; Herbert C.Kelman Harvard College Professor; Clarence Dillon Professor of Richard Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics; International Affairs. Director, Program on International Conflict Analysis and Resolution, Weatherhead Center for Graham Allison International Affairs. Dillon Professor of Government, Kennedy School of Government; Director, Center for Science and Willim C. Kirby International Affairs. Professor of History; Chair, Department of History.

Robert H. Bates Peggy Levitt Eaton Professor of the Science of Government. Assistant Professor of Sociology, Wellesley College; Director, Undergraduate Student Programs, Center for Steven B. Bloomfield International Affairs (Spring). Director, Fellows Program, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Charles S. Maier Krupp Foundation Professor of European Studies; Marc L.Busch Chair, Center for European Studies. Assistant Professor of Government and of Social Studies; Director of Graduate Student Programs, Lisa Martin Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Professor of Government.

William C. Clark David Maybury-Lewis Sidney Harman Professor of International Science, Professor of Anthropology; Director, Program on Public Policy, and Human Development. Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. John H. Coatsworth Munroe Gutman Professor of Latin American Michael B. McElroy Affairs; Director, David Rockefeller Center for Latin Gilbert Butler Professor of Environmental Studies. American Studies. Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Richard N. Cooper Don K. Price Professor of Public Policy;Dean, Kennedy Maurits C. Boas Professor of International Economics. School of Government.

Anne D. Emerson Susan J. Pharr Executive Director, Weatherhead Center for Edwin O. Reischauer Professor of Japanese Politics; International Affairs. Chair, Department of Government; Director, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Robert D. Putnam Wenceslao Bunge Stanfield Professor of International Peace; Director, President, Fundacion del Hemisferio (Argentina). National Workshop on Social Capital. James L.Cochrane Stephen P. Rosen Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, New York Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security Stock Exchange, Inc. and Military Affairs. Frederick Dulles Jeffrey Sachs Partner, McFadden,Pilkington & Ward Galen L.Stone Professor of International (United Kingdom). Trade; Director, Harvard Institute for International Development. Nobuyuki Nakahara President, Tonen Corporation (Japan). Theda Skocpol Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government Hisashi Owada and Sociology. Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations. Anne-Marie Slaughter J. Sinclair Armstrong Professor of International Antonio H. Ozaeta Foreign,and Comparative Law; Co-Director, Graduate Chairman of the Board, Magellan Utilities and International Legal Studies. Development Corporation (Philippines).

Ezra Vogel S TA F F Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences; Director, Fairbank Center for East Steven B. Bloomfield Asian Research. Director, Fellows Program; Executive Committee.

David B.Yoffie Douglas Bond Max and Doris Starr Professor of International Associate Director, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions Business Administration, Harvard Business School. and Cultural Survival. 1997-1998 INTERNATIONAL Jennifer Cairns A DV I S O RY COMMITTEE Administrative Officer (until March 1998). The International Advisory Committee consists of Rosalyn deButts distinguished practitioners of international affairs Program Officer, Administration (from January 1998). drawn from the worlds of business, government,and the universities. The Center calls on these individuals Hugh Doherty for advice and support on broad Center initiatives Staff Assistant,Financial Office. particularly for research contacts and conferences relating to their regions. Carol Edwards Staff Assistant, Olin Institute for Strategic Studies. Peter Ackerman International Institute for Strategic Studies Anne Emerson (United Kingdom). Executive Director.

Cecil Altmann Kristian Gleditsch Chairman, All Suites Hotels Ltd.(Switzerland). Data Fellow.

Hans J. Bär Elizabeth Hastie Chairman, Bank Julius Bär and Co.,Ltd.(Switzerland). Staff Assistant, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, Canada Seminar, and for Zbigniew Brzezinski Professor Cooper. Counselor, Center for Strategic and International Studies.

A N N U A L R E P O R T 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 1 0 1 Laura Hercod Inga Peterson Administrative Officer (from April 1998). Program Coordinator, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies. Donna Hicks Associate Director, Program on International Conflict Clare Putnam Analysis and Resolution. Staff Assistant,Student Programs, Fellowships,and South Asia Seminar. Michael Hoch Program Officer, Administration (until Diana Rheault December 1997). Staff Assistant to the Executive Director (from April 1998). Lexa Hughes Associate Financial Officer (until September 1997). Frank Schwartz Associate Director, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Tricia Hughes Program Coordinator, Fellows Program. Charles Smith Assistant Financial Officer (from September 1997); Matthew Johnson Staff Assistant,Financial Office (until August 1997). Staff Assistant, Administration (from June 1998). Pamela Slavsky Laura Keane Publications Manager. Staff Assistant, Program on International Conflict Analysis and Resolution (until June 1998). Wen-Hao Tien Gurel Program Coordinator, Program on U.S.-Japan Fateh Khalsa Relations (until June 1998). Staff Assistant, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. Aaron Vance Jason Lambert Staff Assistant, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations (until Staff Assistant, Fellows Program. October 1997).

Ursula Leitzmann Yi Wang Staff Assistant, Program on International Conflict Manager of Computer Resources. Analyisis and Resolution (from July 1998). Malcolm D. White Theodore Macdonald Librarian. Associate Director, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival. Scott Zimmerman Research Assistant, John M. Olin Institute for Mirafe Marcos Strategic Studies. Staff Assistant, Administration (until May 1998).

Nancy McDonald Staff Assistant to Professor Kelman.

Mary Ann McNulty Staff Assistant, Administration (until January 1998).

Patrick McVay Financial Officer.

Emily Morris Staff Assistant, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations (from November 1997).

Thomas C. Murphy Coordinator of Housing and Affiliate Services.