1. Joint Research Team ········································································· 3 2. Note on Data Copyright ··································································· 4 3. Methods ································································································· 4
1. Hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games ·········· 13 2. Republic of Korea ············································································· 14 3. Gangwon-do ······················································································· 16 4. Host Cities ·························································································· 17
Ⅲ. Current Status of the Host Cities ·············2 9
1. Environmental Area ·········································································· 29
2. Socio-cultural Area ··········································································· 39 3. Economic Area ·················································································· 48
1. Environmental Indicators ································································ 59 □ En 01-1 Water Quality ············································································ 62 □ En 01-2 Wastewater Emission ······························································· 66
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□ En 01-3 Waterworks ················································································ 70 □ En 01-4 Case Study : Sewage and River Water Quality Management ······························································································ 72 □ En 01-5 Case Study : Water Demand Management and Reuse Promotion ·································································································· 75 □ En 02-1 Air Quality ················································································· 77 □ En 02-2 GHG Emission Induced By the Olympic·Paralympic Games ········································································································· 82 □ En 02-3 Case Study : Indoor Air Quality Control ··························· 85 □ En 03-1 Changes in Land Use Induced by the Olympic Games ······90 □ En 03-2 Land Use Changes in Protected Areas ······························ 92 □ En 03-3 Endangered Wildlifes ······························································· 99 □ En 03-4 Case Study : Jeongseon Alpine Center and Alternative Afforestation ···························································································· 101 □ En 04-1 Venue Development and Design Strategy ······················· 104 □ En 04-2 Resource Efficiency of Olympic·Paralympic Venues ····· 115 □ En 04-3 Case Study : Construction of Environment-friendly Green Building ·································································································· 117 □ En 05-1 Development and Use of Public Transportation System ······································································································· 121 □ En 05-2 Transportation Induced by the Olympic·Paralympic Games ······································································································· 124 □ En 05-3 Impact of Transportation Induced by the Olympic·Paralympic Games ·································································· 131 □ En 05-4 Case Study : Establishment of Environment-friendly Transportation System ··········································································· 134 □ En 06-1 Energy Consumption ····························································· 136 □ En 06-2 Case Study : Consumption of New and Renewable Energy ······································································································· 140
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□ En 07-1 Solid Waste ·············································································· 142 □ En 07-2 Wastewater ·············································································· 147 □ En 07-3 Case Study : Introduction of Resource Recycling Facilities ···································································································· 151 □ En 08-1 Inventory of Energy and Resources regarding Olympic Games ······································································································· 153 □ En 08-2 Case Study : Environment-friendly Materials for Venue ········································································································ 154 □ En 09-1 Procurement of Environmentally, Socially, and Ethically Certified Products ·················································································· 155 □ En 09-2 Case Study : Participation of Local Communities of Gangwon-do ···························································································· 156 □ En 10-1 Damages from Natural Disasters ········································ 158
□ So 01-1 Votes Connected with Olympic Games and Paralympic Games ·················································································· 167 □ So 01-2 Deferment and Abandonment of Public Policies ··········· 169 □ So 01-3 Pressure Groups ····································································· 170 □ So 01-4 Case Study : Special Act and Special Zones Related to the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games ······· 173 □ So 02-1 Compliance of Public Buildings with Accessibility Criteria ··· 177 □ So 02-2 Compliance of Olympic Venues with Accessibility Criteria ··· 179 □ So 02-3 Case Study : Olympic Venue Design's Acquisition of "Barrier-free Living Environment Preparatory Certification" ···· 180 □ So 03-1 Opinion Poll ············································································ 184 □ So 03-2 Cooperation with Stakeholders ··········································· 187 □ So 03-3 Case Study : Case for Two-way Communication ··········· 189
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□ So 04-1 Participation of Minorities ··················································· 192 □ So 04-2 Fostering Minorities ······························································· 194 □ So 04-3 Perception of People with Disabilities in the Society ······· 199 □ So 05-1 Poverty and Social Exclusion ·············································· 202 □ So 05-2 Education Level ······································································ 204 □ So 05-3 Crime Rate ··············································································· 206 □ So 05-4 Health ························································································ 208 □ So 05-5 Nutrition ··················································································· 214 □ So 06-1 Cultural Activities of the Host Cities ································ 216 □ So 06-2 Olympic Culture and Education Program ························ 218 □ So 06-3 Transmission of Traditional Culture ·································· 221 □ So 07-1 Sports and Physical Activities ············································· 223 □ So 07-2 Physical Education and School Sports ····························· 234 □ So 07-3 Sports Facilities ······································································· 236 □ So 07-4 Top Level Sportsmen ···························································· 242 □ So 07-5 Hosted Major Sports Events ················································ 250 □ So 07-6 Case Study : Efforts to expand the Base of Sports········ 252 □ So 08-1 National Anti-doping Program ············································ 254 □ So 09-1 Housing Induced by PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games ·························································································· 258 □ So 09-2 Housing Conditions ································································ 261 □ So 10-1 Images of Host Cities Depicted by Media ······················· 264 □ So 11-1 Disabled Sports ······································································· 268 □ So 11-2 Case Study : Vitalization of Adapted Physical Activities ······ 276 □ So 12-1 Health and Safety Management ········································· 278 □ So 12-2 Local Food ··············································································· 279 □ So 13-1 Inter-Korean Exchanges in Sociocultural Area ··············· 280 □ So 13-2 Inter-Korean Trade ································································ 282
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□ So 14-1 Social Media ············································································ 284
□ Ec 01-1 Employment Indicator ··························································· 292 □ Ec 01-2 Employment of Persons with Disabilities ························· 295 □ Ec 01-3 Wage ························································································· 297 □ Ec 01-4 Newly Founded Enterprises of the Host Cities ·············· 299 □ Ec 01-5 Economic Legacy ··································································· 302 □ Ec 01-6 Case Study : Foundation of Social Enterprises ············· 303 □ Ec 02-1 Accommodation Infrastructure ············································ 306 □ Ec 02-2 Occupancy Rate ····································································· 308 □ Ec 02-3 Tourists' Dates of Stay ························································· 310 □ Ec 02-4 Tourist Spendings ·································································· 312 □ Ec 02-5 Hosting of International Events ········································· 313 □ Ec 02-6 Case Study : A Case on the Tourism Organization's Promotion Activities ·············································································· 315 □ Ec 03-1 Consumer Price Index ·························································· 316 □ Ec 03-2 Hotel Price Index ··································································· 318 □ Ec 03-3 Real Estate Market ································································ 320 □ Ec 03-4 Case Study : Policy Measures to Restraint Hotel Price······· 324 □ Ec 04-1 Income Structure of POCOG ·············································· 325 □ Ec 04-2 Expenditure Structure of POCOG ······································ 326 □ Ec 05-1 Total Operating Expenses ···················································· 327 □ Ec 05-2 Total Capital Expenditure ···················································· 328 □ Ec 05-3 Catalytic Effect of the Olympic Games ··························· 329 □ Ec 06-1 Percentages regarding Olympic Activities ······················· 330 □ Ec 07-1 Percentage of Public Expenditure on Total Expenditure regarding Olympic Activities ······························································· 331
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□ Ec 07-2 Percentage of Olympic-related Public Expenditure on Total Public Budget ·············································································· 333 □ Ec 08-1 Gross Regional Domestic Product ····································· 338 □ Ec 08-2 High-tech Knowledge Industry and Manufacturing ······· 340 □ Ec 08-3 GRDP by Industry ·································································· 351 □ Ec 09-1 Economic Impacts of Sustainability Initiative ·················· 357 □ Ec 09-2 Case Study : Extended Supply of New and Renewable Energy ·················································································· 358 □ Ec 10-1 Extension of Road and Railway System ··························· 361 □ Ec 10-2 Ripple Effects of SOC Construction ································· 364
vi Abstract
The Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study was born from the International Olympic Committee's desire to develop an objective and scientific analysis tool of the impact of each Olympic Games. The study provides informations on the characteristics of each Olympic Games, and the changes in the environment, the social culture, and the economic aspects of the hosting city. The study is mandatory, and is conducted by an independent research team.
The 2nd OGI Study for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Games includes analyzed results on 34 topics, 79 core subjects, and 19 case studies. The index of IOC technical manual is decided through discussion between the International Olympic Committee(IOC) and the hosting city, and the selection of indicators used in the study is based on the relevance with the hosting city of the Olympic Games.
The data used for this study are mainly quantitative National Statistics data, with additional informations provided by the PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic Games, relevant local governments' public statistics records, and other relevant researches and certified press news. The temporal scope of the indicators used in the study ranges from 2009 to 2014, and the spatial scope of the indicators is the Republic of Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun.
The study shows changes and legacies during the past 6 years, including the preparation of the Games, and provides analysis and explanations on the impacts induced by the Olympic Games. Among these impacts, some show significant changes (i.e. changes in land price of improvements in transportation infrastructure), but for others it's difficult to determine if the changes were induced by local or international trends, governmental policy or intervention, or the Olympic Games. So to determine the cause of the impact, the study used a unique coding method which uses 'relevance' which shows the relativity with the Olympic Games impact, 'rating' which is the level of impact judged to have taken place in the Host City, and 'confidence' determined by the research team. Also, the core subjects of each area were compared with the Bid file to provide relevance with the OGI impact analysis.
A total number of 79 indicators(19 environmental, 33 socio-cultural, 27 economic) were
vii Abstract
concretely analyzed, along with 19 case studies to provide articulation to the relevant indicators. This study is divided into the concept of indicators dealing with the issues of the data, relevant statistics, the degree of impact, and the relevance and confidence level of the effects. Especially, the core data relevant to the degree of impact was extracted from a great quantity of spreadsheets. The data on three local governments which host the Games was compared with the status quo of Gangwon-do and the Republic of Korea in order to indirectly observe the degree of changes of the three local governments.
This second phase of the Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study was conducted by the Korea Research Institute for Local Administration, which possess expertise and experience in Korean local administrations, and can provide analysis of government policies from an independent and objective perspective of national research institute.
Also, impacts on the environmental, socio-cultural and economic area and conclusion were suggested through expansion of time scope of the first phase of OGI study. As of 2016, it was shown through the analysis that among the core subjects of the environmental area, the Olympic Games were influential and at the same time very positive on water quality and waterworks, GHG emission, venue development and design strategy, transportation usage, Olympic-related transportation, solid waste, and wastewater, which are considered mandatory for hosting the Olympic Winter Games and fulfilling the "Green Dream : O2 Plus" Olympic as stated on the IOC Bid File. However, as of 2016 it showed low relevance and confidence on indicators such as biodiversity, impact of Olympic-related transportation and environmentally and socially qualified products and services, as short-term efforts cannot pose impacts. However, impacts of the Olympic Winter Games on these indicators should be determined through continuous research until 2018.
Among the socio-cultural indicators, the Olympic Games was analysed to pose impact on the indicators which can be established preferentially, and which costs longer period of time, such as compliance of IOC's anti-doping regulations, consideration of athletes' health condition, and provision of accommodations and sports facilities, including indicators on compliance of public buildings with accessibility criteria, opinion poll, poverty and social
viii Abstract
exclusion, crime rate, health, sports and physical activities, physical education and school sports, sports facilities, top-level sportsmen, hosted major sports events, national anti-doping program, images of Host Cities depicted by media, disabled sports, and social media. On the contrary, the votes connected with Olympic and Paralympic Games, deferment and abandonment of public policies, compliance of Olympic venues with accessibility criteria, fostering minorities(married immigrants, students from abroad, and elderly), education level, nutrition, Olympic culture and education program, health and safety management, and local foods were considered the indicators which are difficult to evaluated as of 2016, and were analysed to be low on both relevance with the Olympic Games and confidence. However, these indicators are also to be influenced by the impact until the commencement of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.
Among the economic indicators, the Olympic Games was analysed to pose impact on various indicators which represent the community, such as compliance of IOC's guideline on construction of environment-friendly apartments, and accessibility of the disabled, including employment, employment of persons with disabilities, expenditure structure of POCOG, total capital expenditure, percentage of Olympic-related public expenditure on Total Public Budget, gross regional domestic product, extension of road and railway system, and ripple effects of SOC construction. Especially, the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games was analysed to pose direct impact on the indicators of wage, occupancy rate of accommodations, tourists' dates of stay, extension of roads and railway, and ripple effects of SOC construction. However, it is difficult to address the impact of the Games on the ratio of High-tech knowledge industry and manufacturing industry, and the changing trends in industrial structure, and as the whole industrial structure does not change in a short period of time, continuous and longer-period observation is needed to determine the changes in the industrial structure induced by the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games .
As above, this second OGI study has provided currently available statistics through time-wise expansion of the indicators dealt on the first study in the perspective of persistence, and additional OGI studies will enable more thorough understanding of the
ix Abstract
impact of the Olympic Winter Games. The analysis on the changes occurring from now until not only the beginning of the games but also after the post-games period, in the Host Cities and neighboring regions should take place, as the impact of the Games does not occur one-off in a certain point but occurs consistently through a long period of time.
x Ⅰ Overview
1. Joint Research Team 2. Note on Data Copyright 3. Methods
Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Ⅰ Overview
1. Joint Research Team
The Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study is conducted in two phases, the first conducted by the Research Institute for Gangwon, and the second phase conducted by the Korea Research Institute for Local Administration. The Korea Research Institute for Local Administration was entrusted the second phase of the OGI Study from the Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic Games. The Korea Research Institute for Local Administration is a research institute which contributes to the local administration policy establishment of the Government of the Republic of Korea and the local government, through realistic and systematic research of various tasks in order to achieve advancements in national development and local administration, based on the Act on the Fostering of the Korea Research Institute for Local Administration(Act No. 3809).
This second phase of the Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study was conducted by the Korea Research Institute for Local Administration, which possess expertise and experience in Korean local administrations, and can provide analysis of government policies from an independent perspective. The research was conducted by the PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic Games, Dr. Seung-Kyu Park, the director of Korea Research Institute for Local Administration Regional Economy Analysis Center, and his team.
3 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
2. Note on Data Copyright
A large proportion of data used for this second phase of Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study are recorded on National Statistics, and summaries are accessible for use at the internet site of Korean Statistical Information Service(http://www.kosis.kr). Illegal reproduction of the data provided on this second phase of OGI Study are prohibited, and the research team abides by the Copyright Act.
3. Methods
National statistics data were primarily used for the 79 indicators related to the Host Cities in accordance with the IOC Technical Manual. National statistics data provided by the Korean Statistical Information Service, and the statistical yearbook was used as the quantitative data of the Host Cities. For data unavailable from the national statistics or yearbook of the local administration, similar studies from national institutions or official data on the internet were indirectly used. Also, the team checked if the recommendations of the IOC were taken into account by the Host Cities, in accordance with the contents provided by the Bid File.
The scope of the data used in the second OGI ranges from as early as 2007 to 2015, differentiating the study from the first OGI, and in accordance with the time sequential change. Data from 2009, which is the basic period of the OGI, was mainly used, with some indicators using the 2007 data, considering the very first bid period of the Olympic Winter Games. As the most recent national statistics available as of now were mainly from 2014(Processed on 12.31.2015), we set the standard limit of the data used in the study to 2014. However, the data from 2015 was also used if available, and data from 2012 or 2013 were used if there was no more recent data. So, the maximum time scope of this second phase of OGI is from 2007 to 2015, with some data with the minimum time scope of 2009-2012 used to provide the degree of impact.
The indicators were selected based on the Bid File, and for scientific selection of supplementary statistical data Hollander(2002)'s criteria was applied.
4 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
․ Validity : Well grounded in sound data and accurately depicts a real situation ․ Relevance : Appropriate for and pertinent to the community's important issues ․ Consistency and reliability : Data can be researched reliably over a period of time ․ Measurability : Data can be obtained for the community ․ Clarity : Unambiguous and understandable by a diverse group of people ․ Comprehensiveness : represents many parts of an issue and reduces the need for an excessive number of indicators ․ Cost-effectiveness : Data collection is not overly expensive ․ Comparability : Sufficiently general that communities can be compared to one another ․ Attractiveness to the media : The press is likely to embrace it
The indicators of the second OGI study is categorized into three; environmental, socio-cultural, and economic, and each consist of 19, 33, and 27 core subjects, respectively. Also, additional case studies in all three areas, each 10, 5, and 4 respectively, were provided to supplement relevant indicators.
The environmental area consists of 19 core subjects on 10 topics. The 10 topics are: hydrologic cycle on waterworks and water quality, air quality, land use, venue development strategy and efficiency, transportation, energy consumption, solid waste and wastewater, energy and resources regarding the Games, and natural disaster.
Code Indicator Name En 01 Hydrologic cycle 01-1 Water Quality 01-2 Wastewater Emission 01-3 Waterworks En 02 Air quality and GHG emission 02-1 Air Quality 02-2 GHG Emission En 03 Changes in Land Use, Protected Areas and biodiversity 03-1 Changes in Land Use 03-2 Changes in Protected Areas 03-3 Biodiversity and Endangered Wildlifes En 04 Olympic venue 04-1 Venue Development and Design Strategy 04-2 Resource Efficiency of Venues En 05 Transportation 05-1 Development and Use of Public Transportation System 05-2 Transportation Induced by the Olympic·Paralympic Games 05-3 Impact of Transportation induced by the Olympic·Paralympic Games
5 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Code Indicator Name En 06 Energy consumption 06-1 - Energy Consumption En 07 Solid Waste and Wastewater 07-1 Solid Waste 07-2 Wastewater En 08 Energy and resource inventory 08-1 - Olympic-related energy and resource investment En 09 Sustainability of Resource Mobilization 09-1 Procurement of Environmentally, Socially, and Ethically Certified Products En 10 Natural disaster 10-1 Damages from Natural Disasters
The socio-cultural area consists of 33 core subjects on 19 topics. The 19 topics are: politics, society, legal institutions, accessibility of venues, opinion poll, participation of minority groups, human resources of Host Cities, cultural background of Host Cities, sport activities, health and safety, inter-Korean exchange and cooperation, and social media.
Code Indicator Name So 01 Political, Social, Legal Institutions 01-1 Votes Connected with Olympic games and Paralympic Games 01-2 Deferment and Abandonment of Public Policies 01-3 Pressure Groups So 02 Accessibility to Public Buildings and Stadiums 02-1 Compliance of Public Buildings With Accessibility Criteria 02-2 Compliance of Olympic Venues with Accessibility Criteria So 03 Public Opinion and Cooperation 03-1 Opinion Poll 03-2 Cooperation with Stakeholders So 04 Participation and Promotion of Minority Groups Participation of Minorities (Married immigrant women, students from abroad) in 04-1 the Games Fostering Minorities (Married immigrant women, students from abroad, elderly 04-2 people) 04-3 Perception of People with Disabilities in Society So 05 Human Development 05-1 Poverty and Social Exclusion 05-2 Education Level 05-3 Crime Rate 05-4 Health 05-5 Nutrition So 06 Culture
6 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Code Indicator Name 06-1 Cultural Activities of the Host Cities 06-2 Olympic Culture and Education Program 06-3 Transmission of Traditional Culture(Jeongseon Arirang, Gangneung Dano) So 07 Living Sports and Elite Sports 07-1 Sports and Physical Activities 07-2 Physical Education and School Sports 07-3 Sports Facilities 07-4 Top-Level Sportsmen 07-5 Hosted Major Sports Events So 08 National Anti-Doping Program 08-1 National Anti-Doping Program So 09 Housing Induced by PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games 09-1 Housing Induced by PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games 09-2 Housing Conditions So 10 Media Image of Host City 10-1 Images of Host Cities Depicted by Media So 11 Disabled Sports 11-1 Disabled Sports So 12 Health and Safety 12-1 Health and Safety Management 12-2 Local Food So 13 Inter-Korean Exchanges 13-1 - Inter-Korean Exchanges in Sociocultural Area 13-2 - Inter-Korean Trade So 14 Social Media 14-1 Social Media
7 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
The economic area consists of 27 core subjects on 10 topics. The 10 topics are: employment and enterprises, tourism infrastructure, price index, budget structure of POCOG, operating expenses and capital expenditure, rate of Olympic-related activities, public economy, gross domestic product, economic effect on sustainability, and SOC establishment and ripple effect.
Code Indicator Name Ec 01 Employment and Enterprises 01-1 Employment 01-2 Employment of Persons with Disabilities 01-3 Wage 01-6 Newly Founded Enterprises of the Host Cities 01-7 Economic Legacy Ec 02 Tourism 02-1 Accommodation Infrastructure 02-2 Occupancy Rate 02-3 Tourists' Dates of Stay 02-4 Tourists Spendings 02-5 Hosting of International Events Ec 03 Price Level 03-1 Consumer Price Index 03-2 Hotel Price Index 03-3 Real Estate Market Ec 04 POCOG Budget Structure 04-1 POCOG Income Structure 04-2 POCOG Expenditure Structure Ec 05 Operating Expenses, Capital Expenditure, and Catalytic Effect 05-1 Total Operating Expenses 05-2 Total Capital Expenditure 05-3 Catalytic Effect of the Olympic Games Ec 06 Percentage of Olympic-related Activities 06-1 Percentage of Olympic-related Activities Ec 07 Public Economy 07-1 Percentage of Public Expenditure on Total Expenditure regarding Olympic Activities 07-2 Percentage of Public Expenditure related with the Olympic Games, on total Public Budget Ec 08 GDP 08-1 Gross Regional Domestic Product 08-2 Ratios of High-tech Knowledge Industry and Manufacturing 08-3 Industrial Structure Change Tendency Ec 09 Economic Impacts of Sustainability Initiative 09-1 Economic Impacts of Sustainability Initiative Ec 10 SOC Construction and Ripple Effects 10-1 Extension of Road and Railway System 10-2 Ripple Effects of SOC Construction
8 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
The degree of impact was divided into 4 parts of overview, presentation, analysis, and impact, for provision of systematic analysis on the impacts of each indicators. Core data on the degree of impact were extracted from large quantity of spreadsheets, and data on three Host Cities were compared with the status of Gangwon-do and the Republic of Korea to indirectly observe the degree of change of the three local administrations. Also, in situations when empirical indicators were not provided by the national statistics or the statistical yearbook of the local administrations, the first supplementary measures were taken, in which administrative statistics were used for explication of the indicators from wider variety of perspective in order for the objective provision of the impact of the indicators. When national statistics, the yearbook of local administrations and administrative statistics are all insufficient, the second supplementary measures were taken, in which the reports of national research institutes and researches on the internet were used.
Country( ), Region( ), City( ) Overview of Indicator ❍ Provides the definition, method of measurement, and data characteristics of the indicator used for explication of the topic and core subject Status Quo ❍ Provides tables and figures used to explicate the topic and core subject Analysis Provides the indicator's degree of change, trend, and aspect used to explicate the topic and core subject Impact Relevance Rating Confidence ❍ Provides the basis of determination on whether the changes in the indicators have occurred from the impacts of the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
The changes of indicators during the past 6 years including the preparation period(2009~2014) were analyzed to observe the impacts induced by the hosting of the Olympic Games. Among these impacts, some show significant changes (i.e. changes in land price of improvements in transportation infrastructure), but for others it's difficult to determine if the changes were induced by local or international trends, governmental policy or intervention, or the Olympic Games. So to determine this, the study used a unique coding method consisting of three areas which are 'relevance' which shows the relativity with the Olympic Games impact, 'rating' which is the level of impact judged to have taken place in the Host City, and 'confidence' determined by the research team. Relevance is graded into High(H), Medium(M), and Low(L). This is also the same with confidence, while rating is graded into Positive impact(G), small or intermediate impact(Y), and negative impact(R). Also, the core subjects of each area were matched with the subjects on the Bid file to provide relevance with the OGI. The evaluation approach of London OGI report was applied to provide continuous evaluation of the impact of Olympic Winter Games.
9 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Category Definition High (H) High The relevance between the change of the indicator and the h Relevance Medium (M) Medium osting of the Olympic Games Low (L) Low Green (G) Positive Impact The impact of hosting of the Olympic games which induces Rating Yellow (Y) Small or intermediate impact changes in the indicator Red (R) Negative Impact High (H) High Confidence Medium (M) Medium The level of confidence of the data used for the indicator Low (L) Low
For the selection of case studies, cases which reflect the values and objectives of the topics and core subjects were selected. Also, the cases supplement indicators of topics and core subjects with insufficient national statistics, statistical yearbooks of local administrations and administrative statistics. Selection methods of the indicators are categorized by the degree of participation of the residents, into top-down method, in which expert-centric theoretical approach is made, and bottom-up method, in which the residents and leaders of the region, and researchers participate. Also, the hybrid approach, which is based on top-down but actively utilizes the participation of the regional society, was also used.
․ Top-down : Uses indicator systems defined by experts - (Pros and Cons) Enables selection of well-established homogeneous and scientifically appropriate indicator systems, but cannot reflect the priority of the region. Applied on the selection process of national or international level indicators ․ Bottom-up : Residents, leaders of the society and researchers cooperate in selecting the indicators - (Pros and Cons) Grants selection rights to the region, but broader issues related with sustainable development can be neglected by only focusing on the issues of the local community ․ Hybrid approach : Based on top-down method but actively accepts the participation of the local community
10 Ⅱ Hosting Venue
1. Hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games 2. Republic of Korea 3. Gangwon-do 4. Host Cities
Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Ⅱ Hosting Venue
1. Hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Gangwon-do began preparing for the Bidding Process of 2002 and 2006 Olympic Winter Games from 1993, when the province participated in the bid for 1996 Asian Winter Games. Through internal assessments, Gangwon-do has come to the conclusion that Pyeongchang's natural environments and investment condition is immaculate for hosting of the Olympic Winter Games. For the purposes of enhancing the national status and national unity, inspiring national self-esteem, promoting peaceful reunification through arranging the stage for grand reconciliation of Korean people, and enhancing economic ripple effects, the do officialized the participation in the bid for the 2010 Olympic Winter Games. Through domestic competition between Gangwon-do and Jeollabuk-do, Gangwon-do was selected as the candidate city, but despite its endeavor failed to host the 2010 Winter Games by three votes.
However, favorable opinions on the retry of Pyeongchang were suggested both domestically and internationally, which enabled new efforts to prepare for the bidding of 2014 Olympic Winter Games. Through the previous experience of failure, assessment results of 2010, suggestions of IOC, previous bid cases and advisory comments of experts, Pyeongchang developed another outstanding bidding strategy, which enabled successful IOC evaluation, only to lose again, to Sochi by four votes.
Nevertheless, considering that the future prospect for Pyeongchang's winning in the next bid is highly likely, due to the dynamics of international relations, expansion of infrastructure, improved credibility to the international society due to constant compliance with promise to IOC including operation of Dream Program, and that products from two previous attempts would work as valuable assets to improve the competitiveness in bid for 2018 Olympic Winter Games, Pyeongchang has won the domestic bid for candidate city and made its third challenge to become the Host City of 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Based on more compact conceptions for stadia than those in 2010 and 2014, Pyeongchang set "New Horizons", which suggests the implication of providing the new vision for the Olympic Winter Games, as the slogan for Winter Olympics Bidding Committee for PyeongChang, and developed optimized bidding strategies for each IOC members. It was in the 123rd IOC session, when Pyeongchang finally won the bid with the result of 63 votes for Pyeongchang, 25 votes for Munich, and 7 votes for Annecy in the first round vote. This is the result of collaboration of constant investment on Olympic-related facilities including stadia, expansion of transport infrastructure, sincere compliance with engagement with IOC including start of Dream Program, comprehensive bidding activities of government, National Assembly, Bidding Committee, Gangwon-do, city and local district of the event venue, Korean Olympic Committee, Korea Paralympic Committee, and business
13 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
sector with the president as the control tower, and constant national support of 92% for the last 10 years.
2. Republic of Korea
As of 2015, the world population is estimated to be 7.32 billion, of which about 4.38 billion live in Asia. The population surrounding the Republic of Korea in China, Russia, and Japan is near 1.7 billion, which is almost 23% of the entire world population. Republic of Korea’s population totaled 51,327,918 ranking ROK as the 26th most populated country in the world. Gangwon-do is home to 1,544,442 people or 3% of the entire Korean population. The three Host Cities of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games are home to 298,892 South Koreans. This number represents 19.4% of the population in Gangwon-do, and 0.6% of the entire nation.
Republic of Korea’s demographical map tend to center around large cities. About 49.4% of the entire population is focused in the capital area, Seoul Special City, Incheon Metropolitan City and Gyeonggi-do. The capital area is geographically adjacent to the Host Cities of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Also, the capital area is connected to the Host Cities via the Yeongdong Expressway, and Wonju-Gangneung Double Track Railway and the Second Yeongdong Expressway are under construction for the Olympics, which leads to a high number of expected tourists during the Olympic period. Furthermore, improved transportation infrastructure after the Olympics is expected to attract domestic and foreign tourists.
PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games’ Host Country, the Republic of Korea’s administration system is divided into metropolitan and primary local authorities. Metropolitan authorities include one Special City, 6 Metropolitan Cities, 1 Special Self-Governing City, 8 do’s, and 1 Special Self-Governing Province, making 18 in total. Primary local authorities consist of 75 cities, 83 guns, 69 gus, 227 entities in total.
Republic of Korea, which hosts PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is located on a long peninsula spread north and south and some 3,200 islands. The northern border crosses Amnokgang and Dumangang, bordering Manchuria of China and Primorye krai of Russia. The peninsula’s eastern and southern borders, the East and South Sea, are adjacent to Japan. The western border including the West Sea is across from mainland China. Korea, along with China and Japan, belongs to the East Asian region.
Republic of Korea is geographically located in the mid-latitude temperate climate zone. The four seasons are very distinct from one another. Korean winters are cold and arid due to dry continental anticyclones. Summers in Korea are sultry from the hot and humid North Pacific high. Springs and autumns show clear and arid days from migratory anticyclones.
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Demographic Situation by Region (Unit : Number of People) Classification 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 PyeongChang-gun 43,634 43,622 43,577 43,627 43,666 43,660
aia Region Capital Seoul 10,208,302 10,312,545 10,249,679 10,195,318 10,143,645 10,103,233 Incheon 2,710,579 2,758,296 2,801,274 2,843,981 2,879,782 2,902,608 Gyeonggi-do 11,460,610 11,786,622 11,937,415 12,093,299 12,234,630 12,357,830 Total 24,379,491 24,857,463 24,988,368 25,132,598 25,258,057 25,363,671 Republic of Korea 49,773,145 50,515,666 50,734,284 50,948,272 51,141,463 51,327,916 Source : Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
15 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
3. Gangwon-do
Gangwon-do, which includes the Host City of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, consists of 7 cities and 11 gun’s. Gangwon-do is located in the central and eastern area of the Korean peninsula. Gangwon-do is about 150 kilometers from east to west, and around 243 kilometers south to north. Its total surface area totals up to 20,569㎢. 82% of the provincial area is south of the Military Demarcation Line, which is 16,873.5㎢. This is 16.8% of South Korean territory. Gangwon-do is mostly mountainous. East of the Taebaek Mountains is steep. Therefore, coastal plain development is slight. West of the Mountains has a gradual slope, developing large rivers at Namhangang (River) and Bukhangang (River). Many mountains are scattered in various locations.
Gangwon-do is located in the mid-latitude temperate climate zone between 37 and 38 degrees North. This difference in latitude leads to some main climactic characteristics. Summers are hot and humid, while winters are affected by the cold and arid continental high pressure, becoming cold and dry. Yeongdong and Yeongseo regions which are divided by the Taebaek Mountains are very different in climate. The Yeongdong area connected to the sea shows oceanic climate. Meanwhile, the Yeongseo region is located in central mainland of the Korean peninsula. The climate is similar to the continental climate.
Gangwon-do is east of Seoul, central in the Korean peninsula including the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Since the division of the peninsula into north and south, Gangwon-do owns 58.5% of the 248 kilometer-long DMZ(Demilitarized Zone)1) and 314 kilometers of the eastern coast. After the cessation of the Cold War in the 1990s, Gangwon-do is being reilluminated as the bridgehead of peaceful relations between the two Koreas and in the East-Asian region. In November 1998, a ferry boat officially set sail from Donghae-si, Gangwon-do for the first time in 50 years. Moreover, in 2003, an inland tourist route that passes through the borderland from Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do was opened. Until the DPRK guard shooting of the citizen of Republic of Korea touring DPRK which led to the shutdown of the tourism program at Geumgang-san, Gangwon-do was the matrix of progress in the South-North relations business. The tourism program at Geumgang-san which began in Gangwon-do led to an expansion in exchange, such as the construction of the Kaesong Industrial Complex, Kaesong tourism, and the railway connection between the south and north.
1) A demilitarized zone 2 km above and below the Military Demarcation Line. The zone stretches over 248 km from west to east of the Korean peninsula, 145 km of which is adjacent to Gangwon-do
16 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Geographical Location of Gangwon-do
4. Host Cities
1) General Overview of Host Cities
The Host Cities of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun are located on the northwest of the center of Republic of Korea. The three local governments act as the axis connecting Wonju-si, the top city of Gangwon-do, and Gangneung-si, the third best city. The high mountain of Daegwallyeong in Gangwon-do acts as the bridgehead between the east and west of the peninsula, especially the capital city Seoul and the eastern coast. Pyeongchang-gun is the main Host City of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. After the establishment of Yong Pyong Resort equipped with modern facilities, Pyeongchang has become the hub of winter sports. Additional facilities for the Olympics, such as the Bokwang Phoenix Park and Alpensia Resort were completed. Gangneung-si is a tourist city bordering the East Sea, and is home to more than 220,000 citizens. It will host ice sports in the upcoming Olympics. Gangneung-si is a designated Trial City for the Low Carbon Green City initiative, and possesses the “Gangneung Danoje festival", a representative Intangible Cultural Heritage registered as the UNESCO World Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Jeongseon-gun which hosts downhill races used to be a top coal producing region in Republic of Korea in the past. The region took a turn for the worse when the coal industry rationalization policy shut down all coal mines and caused massive economic loss. In the 2000s, however, Gangwon Land, a representative resort complex sought to revive the local area.
17 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Geographical Location of Host Cities of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
2) Pyeongchang-gun
Pyeongchang-gun is a local administration located in central Gangwon-do and consists of 1 eup and 7 myeon administrative bodies. Pyeongchang-gun is located in the Taebaek Mountains, south of central Gangwon-do. Generally, the average elevation is 600m, which is above average of the province. The eastern, northern and western parts of gun are high and rugged, sloped southbound. Odaesan and Daegwallyeong lie in the north, with Charyeong Mountains branching off from Odaesan located in the west. Pyeongchang-gun has a surface area of 1,464.16㎢ in total, accounting for 8.7% of Gangwon-do’s total surface area, being the third largest among gun provinces nationwide. Pyeongchang-gun located in an inland plateau. The annual range of temperature resembles that of continental climate. Also, compared to regions on the same latitude, temperatures are low. Furthermore, due to the large size of the area, the complex topography, and the location being on the Yeongseo and Yeongdong border area, the climatic variance within the gun itself is high, with the weather often varying by region as well.
3) Gangneung-si
Gangneung-si is a city in east-south Gangwon-do consisting of 1 eup, 7 myeon and 13 dong administrative bodies. The city is the center of the area east of Taebaek Mountains. Gangneung-si is adjacent to the East Sea
18 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
on the east side, Hongcheon-gun and Pyeongchang-gun on the west, Donghae-si, Jeongseon-gun on the south, and Yangyang-gun on the north. Gangneung-si is adjacent to 5 administrative bodies including cities and gun’s in total. The city includes coasts and mountainous regions and therefore is both coastal and inland. Gangneung-si encompasses many historic cultural assets and tourist attractions, being a tourist city, and is a city of history, culture and education, as well as green growth. Gangneung-si has a surface area of 1,040.4㎢ in total, which is 6.2% of Gangwon-do’s 6,873.5㎢. Its population is 5th highest in density. The Taebaek Mountains stretch from north to south on the western area of the city. Gangneung-si is also bordered by the East Sea on its right, showing an oceanic climate. Due to its topographic characteristics, winters are milder and summers are cooler for its latitude. The annual range of temperature is relatively low. In the sparse case of lengthened influx of the northeast flow, winters in Gangneung-si receive heavy snow and summers show continued precipitation and low temperature events. Winters and spring seasons have strong wind phenomenon that can expand small mountain fires to disastrous levels.
4) Jeongseon-gun
Jeongseon-gun is located in the southeast area of Gangwon-do and is home to 4 eup and 5 myeon administrative bodies. Jeongseon-gun is a Yeongseo mountainous area. It borders Gangneung-si in the north, Pyeongchang-gun in the northwest, Yeongwol-gun in the south, Donghae-si, Samcheok-si, Taebaek-si in the east. Jeongseon-gun is the dividing ridge between Yeongdong and Yeongseo area. Mountains overlap in the entire region. The only plain exists in the valleys of the Namhan-gang basin coast, and is long and narrow. The area is remote and mountainous, a characteristic of Gangwon-do as well. Jeongseon-gun totals up to 1,219.9㎢ in its surface area, and 7.2% in its occupancy of Gangwon-do’s surface area. Jeongseon-gun is the fourth broadest area among the 18 cities and gun’s in Gangwon-do. Its location in the mountains inland leads to its continental climate. The temperature range is high. Jeongseon-gun has cool summers and very cold winters. Also, it has a lot of mountainous regions with high altitude above sea level. Alpine regions are common, and winters are long. Growth duration of crops is short as a result.
5) Changing Trends of the Host Cities
The Host Cities of Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun are suffering from ageing of the population, with percentage of the elderly accounting for as low as 15.45%(Gangneung-si) to as much as 20.61%(Pyeongchang-gun) of the total population, and registered residents decreasing. However, the proportion of births to population is increasing in Host Cities except for Pyeongchang-gun, which can counter balance depopulation and ageing and provide the foundation for available workforce. Also, despite
19 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
the decrease of registered residents, the fact that net immigration, which is the subtraction of out immigrants from in immigrants, is increasing in Host Cities except for Jeongseon-gun can also act as a factor which can cancel out depopulation and ageing, and the number of out immigrants decreasing leads to the formation of demographic structure which can maintain the Host Cities.
Demographic Trends of the Host Cities
Category Unit 2004 2008 2012 2004-2008 2008-2012 Population Growth % -2.25 -0.54 0.03 1.71%p 0.57%p Aged Population % 15.07 18.21 20.61 3.14%p 2.4%p Pyeongchang-gun Net Birth Rate person - 1.272 1.253 - -1% Registered Population person 45,311 43,706 43,627 -4% 0% Net immigration person -997 -313 181 -69% -158% Out immigrant person 6,030 5,051 4,451 -16% -12% Births person 340 306 259 -10% -15% Deaths person 391 348 375 -11% 8% Gender ratio % - 105 105 - 0%p Population Growth % -0.76 -0.9 0.06 -0.14%p 0.96%p Aged Population % 10.61 13.13 15.45 2.52%p 2.32%p
Gangneung-si Net Birth Rate person - 1.107 1.273 - 15% Registered Population person 227,259 218,399 217,741 -4% 0% Net immigration person -2214 -2584 12 17% -100% Out immigrant person 37,978 34,820 31,480 -8% -10% Births person 2,070 1,640 1,636 -21% 0% Deaths person 1,514 1,485 1,490 -2% 0% Gender ratio % - 99 99 - 0%p Population Growth % -1.57 -1.18 -0.68 0.39%p 0.5%p Aged Population % 13.62 17.61 20.51 3.99%p 2.9%p
Jeongseon-gun Net Birth Rate person - 1.045 1.3 - 24% Registered Population person 45,419 41,269 39,915 -9% -3% Net immigration person -677 -469 -163 -31% -65% Out immigrant person 6,196 5,225 4,316 -16% -17% Births person 294 257 266 -13% 4% Deaths person 420 378 361 -10% -4% Gender ratio % - 108 108 - 0%p Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
The total area of Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si and Jeongseon-gun did not change, while the paddy field area has decreased and urbanized area through pavement has increased. Through the decrease of the paddy fields the minus(-) impacts on the environmental area is expected, while the degree of urbanization has increased due to pavement of roads. The registered vehicle per capita, which can represent one's economic
20 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
status has increased continuously, and the percentage of welfare budget on general accounting, which is used for the assessment of satisfaction of the residents on the region's welfare service is also continuously increasing in all Host Cities. However, fiscal self-reliance ratio and financial independence ratio which represents the region's financial capacity is continuously decreasing in Host Cities except Jeongseon-gun, which stresses the needs for efforts to secure sources of the region's maintenance and development, and approaches from regional revitalization aspects through the hosting of 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
Changes in Roads, Finance, and Administration of Host Cities
Division Unit 2004 2008 2012 2004-2008 2008-2012 Total Area ㎢ 1,464 1,464 1,464 0% 0% Area of Paddy Field ha - 787 658 - -16% Pavement ratio % 70.47 77 84.17 6.53%p 7.17%p Registered Vehicle per Capita ea 0.38 0.46 0.49 21% 7% Financial Independence Ratio % 70 74.5 71.1 4.5%p -3.4%p Pyeong General Administration Budget ratio (on chang- % 20.73 5.58 7.25 -15.15%p 1.67%p gun General Accounting) Welfare Budget Ratio(on General % 5.56 10.83 13.11 5.27%p 2.28%p Accounting) Total number of Public Servants ea 543 583 - 7% - Public Servant(per 1,000 capita) ea 11.98 13.34 - 11% - Fiscal Self-reliance Ratio % 18.1 18.9 14.6 0.8%p -4.3%p Total Area ㎢ 1,040 1,040 1,040 0% 0% Area of Paddy Field ha - 3,679 3,226 - -12% Pavement ratio % 64.83 64.71 91.45 -0.12%p 26.74%p Registered Vehicle per Capita ea 0.36 0.39 0.42 8% 8% Financial Independence Ratio % 65.9 70.4 68.8 4.5%p -1.6%p Gang General Administration Budget ratio (on % 16.67 5.91 5.84 -10.76%p -0.07%p neung-si General Accounting) Welfare Budget Ratio(on General % 9.25 18.79 23.65 9.54%p 4.86%p Accounting) Total number of Public Servants ea 1220 1224 - 0% - Public Servant(per 1,000 capita) ea 5.37 5.6 - 4% - Fiscal Self-reliance Ratio % 28.7 23.9 21.5 -4.8%p -2.4%p Total Area ㎢ 1,221 1,220 1,220 0% 0% Area of Paddy Field ha - 454 245 - -46% Pavement ratio % 68.64 74.08 76.36 5.44%p 2.28%p Registered Vehicle per Capita ea 0.33 0.39 0.44 18% 13% Financial Independence Ratio % 61.1 57.4 65.8 -3.7%p 8.4%p Jeong General Administration Budget ratio (on seon- % 21.21 10.64 9.29 -10.57%p -1.35%p gun General Accounting) Welfare Budget Ratio(on General % 6.6 11.91 12.81 5.31%p 0.9%p Accounting) Total number of Public Servants ea 599 564 - -6% - Public Servant(per 1,000 capita) ea 13.19 13.67 - 4% - Fiscal Self-reliance Ratio % 23.4 19.7 22.4 -3.7%p 2.7%p Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
21 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Despite increasing birth rates in the Host Cities, the education environment is regressing. Especially, the decrease in the number of elementary schools and students makes it difficult to secure available labor force for the next 15 years, but due to the increase in birth rates the regional foundation for securing labor force in the next 20 years will be enabled. Through consideration of currently increasing birth rate, the economic development of the region is expected to take place since 2032, when the labor force is secured, and through securing education-related facilities the region will be able to cultivate new human resources effectively. This reflects the plus(+) impacts of procuring human capital through education R&D on the economic development of the region.
Educational Trends of the Host Cities
Category Unit 2004 2008 2012 2004-2008 2008-2012 No. of Students per teacher N - 11.13 9.35 - -16% Private institutions per 1,000 students N 0.75 1.12 0.92 49% -18% Kindergarten N 21 22 17 5% -23% Kindergarten Students N 577 555 452 -4% -19% Pyeong Kindergarten Teachers N 40 43 36 8% -16% chang- gun Elementary School N 21 21 20 0% -5% Elementary School Students N 3,013 2,758 2,149 -8% -22% Elementary School Teachers N 211 231 257 9% 11% Foreigners N 171 357 285 109% -20% Foreigners per 1,000 people N 3.77 8.17 6.53 117% -20% No. of Students per teacher N - 22.42 22.25 - -1% Private institutions per 1,000 students N 1.64 1.86 1.81 13% -3% Kindergarten N 47 43 40 -9% -7% Kindergarten Students N 2,077 1,576 1,477 -24% -6% Gang Kindergarten Teachers N 118 108 107 -8% -1% neung-si Elementary School N 35 35 35 0% 0% Elementary School Students N 18,482 16,160 12,792 -13% -21% Elementary School Teachers N 736 790 794 7% 1% Foreigners N 1,066 1,698 1,533 59% -10% Foreigners per 1,000 people N 4.69 7.77 7.04 66% -9% No. of Students per teacher N - 8.86 8.1 - -9% Private institutions per 1,000 students N 0.81 0.92 0.85 14% -8% Kindergarten N 21 21 16 0% -24% Kindergarten Students N 424 313 322 -26% 3% Jeong Kindergarten Teachers N 28 31 28 11% -10% seon- gun Elementary School N 17 17 17 0% 0% Elementary School Students N 2,639 2,384 1,760 -10% -26% Elementary School Teachers N 224 234 223 4% -5% Foreigners N 214 282 325 32% 15% Foreigners per 1,000 people N 4.71 6.83 8.14 45% 19% Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
22 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
The waterworks and sewage supply, which reflects the efforts to retain the region of the Host Cities, has been increasing continuously, signifying the increase in the basic facilities for the sustainment of the region. Also, the recycling rate of general waste and daily household waste generation per capita, which can be substituted by the efforts of the citizens, is decreasing except for Gangneung-si. In order for the environmental preservation of the three Host Cities, citizen's voluntary efforts should take place through improvement of the awareness of citizens
Changes in Waterworks, Sewage, and Solid Waste of the Host Cities
Area of parks per 1,000 1,000㎡ 39.34 46.5 47.59 18% 2% Jeong Wastewater Generating seon- Site 55 78 74 42% -5% Businesses gun General Waste Recycling Rate % - 49 41 - -8%p
Daily Household Waste kg/d - 1 1 - 0% Generation per capita Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
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The cultural infrastructure and social welfare facilities of the Host Cities are gradually increasing, signifying the efforts of the local administrations to distribute culture and maintain welfare of the region. However, regarding the number of doctors, although the ratio of doctors per population are increasing in Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si, this is due to the decrease of the total population, and so it can be considered that the general distribution of medical facilities and services are decreasing
Changes in Culture and Welfare Indicators of the Host Cities
Category Unit 2004 2008 2012 2004-2008 2008-2012 Cultural Facilities per 100,000 N 11.03 13.73 13.75 24% 0% Social Welfare Facilities per 100,000 N - 16.02 27.51 - 72% Childcare Facilities per 1,000 children N 5.16 8.58 13.87 66% 62% Senior Welfare Facilities per 1,000 N 12.53 14.78 14.07 18% -5% Pyeong Seniors(over 60) chang- Sickbeds of Medical Facilities per 1,000 N 1.35 2.84 2.29 110% -19% gun Doctors per 1,000 N - 1.21 1.26 - 4% Alcohol Drinking Rate % - 53.5 62.5 - 9%p Smoking Rate % - 23.8 23.2 - -0.6%p Subjective Health Status Recognition Rate % - 42 34 - -8%p Cultural Facilities per 100,000 N 4.84 8.24 9.64 70% 17% Social Welfare Facilities per 100,000 N 4.4 8.7 18.37 98% 111% Childcare Facilities per 1,000 children N 11 16.4 21.89 49% 33% Senior Welfare Facilities per 1,000 N 6.62 6.99 6.89 6% -1% Seniors(over 60) Gang neung-si Sickbeds of Medical Facilities per 1,000 N 10.94 12.82 11.06 17% -14% Doctors per 1,000 N - 2.62 2.83 - 8% Alcohol Drinking Rate % - 55.8 54.9 - -0.9%p Smoking Rate % - 25.8 23.2 - -2.6%p Subjective Health Status Recognition Rate % - 39 50 - 11%p Cultural Facilities per 100,000 N 6.61 12.12 12.53 83% 3% Social Welfare Facilities per 100,000 N - 19.39 20.04 - 3% Childcare Facilities per 1,000 children N 7.31 8.18 9.2 12% 12% Senior Welfare Facilities per 1,000 N 10.5 12.6 12.83 20% 2% Jeong Seniors(over 60) seon- Sickbeds of Medical Facilities per 1,000 N 15.85 17.59 10.75 11% -39% gun Doctors per 1,000 N - 1.38 1.2 - -13% Alcohol Drinking Rate % - 53.2 57.2 - 4%p Smoking Rate % - 30.7 25.3 - -5.4%p Subjective Health Status Recognition Rate % - 36 39 - 3%p Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
24 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
The three Host Cities are experiencing decrease in the supply of safety services, along with the general decrease of safety accidents, but it is difficult to determine that the decrease in the supply of safety services result from the decrease of safety accidents. The suicide rate per 100,000 is increasing in all Host Cities except for Jeongseon-gun.
Changes in Security of the Host Cities
Category Unit 2004 2008 2012 2004-2008 2008-2012
Traffic Accident per 1,000 Vehicles N 18.13 13.71 10.64 -24% -22% Resident per each Firefighter N - - 307 - - Resident per each Fire Station N - - 43,627 - - Occurrence of Fire per 10,000 people N - - 25 - - Pyeong Resident per each Fire Station N - 14,668 10,907 - -26% chang- Resident per each Rescue Worker N - - 855 - - gun Resident who received Fire Prevention % - 0 54 - 54%p Education Resident who received First Aid Training % - 0 5 - 5%p Suicide rate per 100,000 people N - 50.2 50.9 - 1% Crude divorce rate per 1,000 N 2 2.1 2.4 5% 14% Traffic Accident per 1,000 Vehicles N 15.24 12.23 11.61 -20% -5% Resident per each Firefighter N - 1422 1281 - -10% Resident per each Fire Station N - 220,484 217,741 - -1% Occurrence of Fire per 10,000 people N - 14 12 - -14% Resident per each Fire Station N - 36,747 36,290 - -1% Gang neung-si Resident per each Rescue Worker N - 18,374 4,949 - -73% Resident who received Fire Prevention % - 181 100 - -81%p Education Resident who received First Aid Training % - 14 2 - -12%p Suicide rate per 100,000 people N - 32.8 32.9 - 0% Crude divorce rate per 1,000 N 2.8 2.1 2.2 -25% 5% Traffic Accident per 1,000 Vehicles N 14.6 10.14 7.53 -31% -26% Resident per each Firefighter N - 414 285 - -31% Resident per each Fire Station N - 41,806 39,915 - -5% Occurrence of Fire per 10,000 people N - 25 23 - -8% Jeong Resident per each Fire Station N - 10,452 9,979 - -5% seon- Resident per each Rescue Worker N - 5,972 849 - -86% gun Resident who received Fire Prevention % - 4 148 - 144%p Education Resident who received First Aid Training % - 6 2 - -4%p Suicide rate per 100,000 people N - 53 25.5 - -52% Crude divorce rate per 1,000 N 2.4 2.5 2.7 4% 8% Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
25 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
The economy of the Host Cities are generally showing stable improvement, with employment rate increasing and unemployment rate decreasing. Jeongseon-gun needs efforts to sustain the region, as the employment rate is decreasing and unemployment rate is increasing, while Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si owns more enterprises and workers, which enables accumulation of capital for the economic development of the region. Also, the total area of land traded in Pyeongchang-gun is increasing, which indicates that the impacts of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games exist.
Changes in Economy of the Host Cities
Category Unit 2004 2008 2012 2004-2008 2008-2012 Participation Rate % - 64.9 69 - 4.1%p (in Economic Activities) Employment Rate % - 63.5 68.6 - 5.1%p Unemployment Rate % - 2.1 0.6 - -1.5%p Employment Rate %- 1 2 - 1%p of the Disabled Pyeongchang-gun Enterprises N 3,791 3,915 4,177 3% 7% (All Industries) Enterprises per 1,000 N 83.67 89.58 95.74 7% 7% people(All Industries) Workers per 1,000 people(All N 287.13 319.61 389.37 11% 22% Industries) Area of Land Traded 1,000㎡ 40,149 15,605 16,833 -61% 8% Participation Rate % - 56 58.1 - 2.1%p (in Economic Activities) Employment Rate % - 55 57.3 - 2.3%p Unemployment Rate % - 1.7 1.4 - -0.3%p Employment Rate %- 2 3 - 1%p of the Disabled Gangneung-si Enterprises N 17,449 17,465 19,076 0% 9% (All Industries) Enterprises per 1,000 N 76.78 79.97 87.61 4% 10% people(All Industries) Workers per 1,000 people(All N 293.27 316.08 356.09 8% 13% Industries) Area of Land Traded 1,000㎡ 17,884 14,262 11,631 -20% -18% Participation Rate % - 67.1 66 - -1.1%p (in Economic Activities) Employment Rate % - 66.6 65.5 - -1.1%p Unemployment Rate % - 0.7 0.8 - 0.1%p Employment Rate %- 2 2 - 0%p of the Disabled Jeongseon-gun Enterprises N 3,343 3,407 3,502 2% 3% (All Industries) Enterprises per 1,000 N 73.6 82.56 87.74 12% 6% people(All Industries) Workers per 1,000 people(All N 321.91 429.33 433.52 33% 1% Industries) Area of Land Traded 1,000㎡ 19,409 15,363 9,961 -21% -35% Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
26 Ⅲ Current Status of the Host Cities
1. Environmental Area 2. Socio-cultural Area 3. Economic Area
Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Ⅲ Current Status of the Host Cities
1. Environmental Area
The impacts of the Olympic Games on the environmental area were provided through 10 topics and 19 core subjects on the OGI Technical Manual and Bid File, along with 10 case studies. These topics and core subjects are in line with the aims of sustainable development of the IOC and the hosting of environment-friendly Olympic Games, which is the core objective of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Especially, since PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is held in Gangwon-do, one of the cleanest areas in the Republic of Korea where mountain and sea are harmonized, Olympic Games Impact study on the environment possesses a paramount gravity. Through analysis of the final direction of the indicators, we can categorize the indicators into two categories of establishment of response system to the climate change and sustainable city forming.
For the first time in the history of Olympic Games, PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games set "PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games O2 Plus Winter Games" as the goal in order to open up new horizons of the sustainable development where the environment and sports coexist and economy grows. Plans are proceeded in order to achieve those goals, and environmental indicators in the Olympic Games Impact study can act as great apparatus for assessment of such/
□ Management of and Measures for Water Resources and Wastewater
In 2013, waterworks supply ratio for stable drinking water in Republic of Korea was 95.7%. Facility capacity was 27,168,000㎥/day, volume of water supplied was 16,734,000㎥/day, and volume of water supplied per capita was 335ℓ/day. For Gangwon-do, waterworks supply ratio was 88.6% and volume of water supplied per capita was 457ℓ/day. Although the waterworks supply ratio of Gangwon-do compared to the national level is low, volume of water supplied itself is quite large. For Gangneung-si, the waterworks supply ratio is quite high, marking 93.8% due to urbanization, while the waterworks supply ratio in Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun, the rural regions, were quite low, marking 80.5% and 78.4% respectively.
29 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Source : Statistics of Water Works(Ministry of Environment, 2009~2013) Change in Volume of Water Supplied per Capita
□ Management of Air environment and Indoor Air Quality and Emission
of Greenhouse Gas
Management of good air quality and indoor air quality is important for health management of visitors and participants of the Olympic Games. On the other hand, status of yellow dust and ozone warning which can represent air quality in the event venues of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games do not show constant figure. For status of yellow dust, interval for the increase and decrease cycle of yellow dust occurrences between yearly changes is expected to be 4 years. Based on that, 2018, the year of the event, is expected to be the peak in the yellow dust occurrences. Ozone warning is the agenda where the attention has risen recently. Although there are limitations in extracting patterns from issues of ozone warnings, it is expected that, in current tendency, there would be less ozone warnings in 2018 compared to the previous issues of ozone warnings. Regarding the quality of atmosphere and indoor air, in addition to the internal efforts of the Host City, improvement through cooperative efforts with neighboring countries such as People's Republic of China and Japan.
30 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Yellow Dust Occurrences in Gangneung-si Ozone Warning Issues in Gangwon-do
Source : Real-Time Air Quality Data, Air korea Website(http://www.airkorea.or.kr), Ministry of Environment Major Air Pollution Occurrences Status
In 2013, nationwide greenhouse gas emission increased about 20% compared to 2007. Increase rate of total emission is averagely increasing 3.1% annually, but it is constantly decreasing since 2010, when the numbers peaked. However, net emission is increasing 5%p faster than that of total emission.
Nationwide Greenhouse Gas Emission (Unit : Million Ton CO2eq) Division 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total Emission 577.3 590.8 594.2 653.1 680.6 684.3 694.5 Increase Rate of Total 2.8% 2.3% 0.6% 9.9% 4.2% 0.5% 1.5% Emission(%) Energy 491.6 505.9 512.4 565.3 594.1 597.3 606.2 Industry 50.8 50.2 46.6 52.5 51.8 51.5 52.6 Agriculture 20.2 20.3 20.7 21.1 20.2 20.7 20.7 Waste 14.7 14.5 14.5 14.1 14.6 14.8 15 LULUCF -58 -57.4 -54.6 -54.5 -48.7 -44.8 -42.9 Net Emission 519.4 533.4 539.6 598.6 632 639.5 651.7 Source : Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center of Korea (http://www.gir.go.kr/home/main.do)
□ Adoption of New and Renewable Energy and Energy Policies
Final energy consumption level of each energy source increased by 17% in 2014, compared to 2009. As of 2014, new and renewable energy showed the biggest increase in energy consumption among energy sources. Energy consumption level of renewable energy in 2014 was 9,466toe, which increased 94% from the consumption level in 2007. Especially, average annual growth rate of new and renewable energy use was 14%, which is very high compared to thermal energy(0%) and fossil energy(1%). Also, among fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, use of coal in 2014 was 35,378,000toe, which increased 48% from the consumption level in 2007.
31 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Final Energy Consumption for Each Energy Source in Republic of Korea (Unit : 1,000 toe) Energy Source 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ratio(%) Coal 23,895 29,164 33,544 31,964 32,679 35,378 16.57 Petroleum 98,369 100,381 101,976 101,710 101,809 102,957 48.23 Natural Gas 19,459 21,081 22,871 24,728 24,878 23,041 10.79 Electricity 33,925 37,338 39,136 40,127 40,837 41,073 19.24 Thermal Energy 1,551 1,718 1,702 1,751 1,695 1,567 0.73 Renewable Energy 4,867 5,346 5,834 7,124 7,883 9,466 4.43 Total 182,066 195,587 205,864 208,120 210,247 213,836 100.00 Source : Renewable Energy Dissemination Statistic(http://www.knrec.or.kr/)
Productivity of new and renewable energy is showing the annual average growth rate of 13.6% per year, and especially in 2013-2014, the growth rate marked 16.8%, showing bigger increase.
Renewable Energy Production in Republic of Korea (Unit : 1,000toe) Energy Source 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ratio(%) Solar Thermal 30,669 29,257 27,435 26,259 27,812 28,485 0.25 Energy Photovoltaic 121,731 166,152 197,198 237,543 344,451 547,430 4.74 Energy Bio Energy 580,419 754,623 963,363 1,334,724 1,558,492 2,821,996 24.46 Wind Energy 147,351 175,644 185,520 192,674 242,354 241,847 2.10 Hydroelectric 606,629 792,294 965,373 814,933 892,232 581,186 5.04 Power Fuel Cell 19,193 42,346 63,344 82,510 122,416 199,369 1.73 Waste Energy 4,558,131 4,862,296 5,121,534 5,998,509 6,502,414 6,904,733 59.85 Geothermal Energy 22,126 33,449 47,833 65,277 86,959 108,472 0.94 Marine Energy - - 11,246 98,310 102,077 103,848 0.90 All Nation 6,086,249 6,856,284 7,582,846 8,850,739 9,879,207 11,537,366 100.00 Gangwon-do 714,569 762,062 795,984 853,413 1,064,857 1,013,024
Source : Renewable Energy Dissemination Statistic (http://www.knrec.or.kr/)
In 2014, the proportion of new and renewable energy generated in Gangwon-do to the national level were 34%, and 22% in wind energy, and hydroelectric power, respectively, which were the largest in the nation. In contrast, the proportion of fuel cells produced in Gangwon-do to the national level was 0.03%, which is the smallest proportion among the new and renewable energy productions in Gangwon-do. Also, photovoltaic energy(5%), bio energy(5%), geothermal energy(9%), and marine energy(9%) were lower than one-tenth of total national production, meaning that the production of new and renewable energy was biased toward wind
32 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
and hydroelectric power.
Renewable Energy Production in Gangwon-do
Solar Thermal Photovoltaic Wind Hydroelectri Waste Geothermal 2014 Bio Energy Energy Energy Energy c Power Energy Energy
Source : Renewable Energy Dissemination Statistic (http://www.knrec.or.kr/)
□ Policies for Preservation of Natural Environment
Average annual growth rates of areas for building site(2.0%), road(2.0%), railway(0.8%), park(12.1%), and athletic site(5.5%) in Gangwon-do are showing similar pattern with nationwide average yearly increase rates of building site(1.6%), road(2.0%), railway(2.6%), park(11.0%), and athletic site(5.5%).
The increase in road and athletic site was induced in order to prepare for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Through long-term planning for the Olympic Winter Games, in 2014, supply of road for improvement of accessibility, and supply of athletic site increased by 10.5% and 42.2% respectively, compared to that of 2009. Especially, as supplies in park and athletic sites reached 77.1% and 42.2% respectively, athletic and environmental urban facilities through the host of Olympic Winter Games was accomplished. Among the Host Cities of Pyeongchang-gun(5.8%), Gangneung-si(3.8%), and Jeongseon-gun(6.8%), Jeongseon-gun possesses the highest procurement ratio of road facility. Regarding the supply of park sites, Gangneung-si possesses the highest supply rate of183.6% while regarding the athletic site Jeongseon-gun have shown the highest supply rate of 2,925.5%.
33 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Major Land Use Status
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total 99,897.41 99,897.41 100,148.22 100,188.08 100,266.25 100,283.95 Building Site 2,705.76 2,705.76 2,784.67 2,826.57 2,872.10 2,929.54 All Nation Road 2,807.48 2,807.48 2,914.75 2,976.49 3,039.12 3,093.06 (㎢) Railway 122.53 122.53 124.71 129.61 129.55 139.47 Park 118.60 118.60 144.53 160.51 175.02 199.69 Athletic Site 237.02 237.02 273.08 279.41 292.05 310.27 Total 16,613.28 16,693.08 16,787.19 16,790.21 16,829.81 16,825.58 Building Site 153.83 156.84 159.71 163.29 165.74 169.87 Gangwon Road 231.56 239.53 246.07 251.04 253.57 255.91 -do Railway 15.40 15.29 15.80 15.99 15.93 16.00 (㎢) Park 2.40 2.75 2.81 3.50 3.88 4.25 Athletic Site 23.74 25.56 30.05 31.27 31.38 33.76 Total 1,464,064 1,463,541 1,463,519 1,463,566 1,463,696 1,463,766 Pyeong Building Site 9,734 9,994 10,585 10,800 10,980 11,269 chang- Road 17,439 17,780 17,900 18,253 18,280 18,457 gun Railway0 0 0 0 0 0 (1,000㎡) Park 26 26 26 37 37 37 Athletic Site 4,120 4,120 5,575 5,590 5,599 5,975 Total 1,039,713 1,039,746 1,039,996 1,040,209 1,040,382 1,040,378 Building Site 16,123 16,486 16,698 16,973 17,169 17,810 Gang Road 23,203 23,331 23,362 23,424 23,428 24,086 neung-si Railway 1,479 1,478 1,484 1,492 1,492 1,494 (1,000㎡) Park 215 450 450 474 474 609 Athletic Site 1,221 1,223 1,224 1,225 1,227 1,241 Total 1,219,544 1,219,533 1,219,558 1,219,704 1,219,695 1,219,721 Building Site 6,591 6,633 6,613 6,767 6,880 6,952 Jeong Road 11,570 12,189 12,262 12,284 12,308 12,352 seon-gun Railway 2,756 2,726 2,726 2,814 2,812 2,812 (1,000㎡) Park 110 109 118 119 119 119 Athletic Site 47 949 1,405 1,405 1,410 1,411 Source : Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
Compared to 2012, urban area and management area increased in Gangwon-do in 2014, while agricultural area and natural environment conservation area decreased. Although many parts of the province are under development induced by the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games, it is not easy to exclude the impacts from natural development due to the lapse of time.
Although there were decreases in agricultural area and natural environment conservation area, the degree of changes are not too significant, considering the national rate. Gangwon-do does show bigger decrease in agricultural area in comparison with the national level, as the agricultural area of the nation decreased by 0.29% compared to 2012, while Gangwon-do shows 0.31% decrease in the same time period. Regarding natural environment conservation area, Gangwon-do showed 0.51% decrease, while the national level was 0.6%, meaning that the certain level of land use change is national trend.
34 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Use Zoning Designation Status (Unit : ㎢) Gangwon- Pyeong Gang Jeong 2014 All Nation do chang-gun neung-si seon-gun Urban Area 17,596.85 1,022.11 15.94 84.05 42.58
Management Area 27,154.60 3,245.28 356.92 196.60 226.02
Agricultural Area 49,344.45 10,923.04 951.65 637.23 943.93 Natural Environment 12,006.27 1,721.11 139.08 128.78 8.14 Conservation Area Total 106,102.17 16,911.56 1,463.60 1,046.66 1,220.67 Note : Difference between the total area of administrative territory and the total land area based on use zone might exist, since the total land area based on use zone includes reclaimed lands currently under process. Source : Korea Statistical Information Service (KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
Major natural environment conservation areas of Gangwon-do consist of wetlands, wildlifes, Baekdudaegan Mountain Range, conservation forests. Also, cultural heritage sites and water source protection areas are included. Among those, cultural heritage sites and water source protection area occupy 25% of total nature reserves, and water resource protection area occupies 7.1% of total natural environment conservation areas, meaning that Gangwon-do established excellent environmental basis.
Especially, Gangwon-do possesses 50.3% of grade 1 zone on the nationwide ecological zoning map. But the wide range of grade 1 zone also indicates that there would be hardships in executing development plans and that future development plans on the Host Cities should be accompanied by environment-friendly plans. The issue should be taken into continuous consideration through planned OGI studies(3rd~4th) for the successful hosting of Olympic Winter Games, in regard to its aims for environmental management.
35 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Status of Protected Areas in Gangwon-do
Division Major Facts Dong River basin 72.845㎢, Hasidong·Anin sand dune 0.235㎢, Daedeok Ecological Scenery Conservation Area Mountain·Geumdaebong 4.20㎢, Sohan Valley 0.104㎢ Wetland Conservation Area Daeam Mountain Yong Swamp 1.360㎢, Hanbando Wetland 1.988㎢ Wildlife Protection Area 29 sites, 102.0845㎢ designated - National park : Seorak Mountain 398.237㎢, Odae Mountain 326.348㎢, Chiak Mountain 175.668㎢ Natural Park - Provincial park : Nak Mountain 8.682㎢, Gyeongpo 6.865㎢, Taebaek Mountain 17.440㎢ - County park : Ami Mountain 3.160㎢, Daei-ri 3.660㎢, Byeongbang Mountain 0.500㎢ Cultural Heritage Site or Cultural Occupies approximately 25% of nationwide protection area in the Republic of Korea, Heritage Protection Area 407.3㎢ Gangneung-si 293.8, Donghae-si 41.6, Taebaek-si 51.2, Sokcho-si 41.0, Baekdudaegan Protection Area Samcheok-si 93.3, Hongcheon-gun 89.1, Yeongwol-gun 42.1, Pyeongchang-gun (㎢) 113.3, Jeongseon-gun 60.5, Inje-gun 276.3, Goseong-gun 94.8, Yangyang-gun 142.2 Conservation Forest Occupies approximately 24% of nationwide conservation forest in Republic of Korea. (Forest Conservation Area) 11,846.4㎢ Occupies approximately 7.1% of nationwide protection area in Republic of Korea. 54 Water Source Protection Area sites, 99.2㎢ Ecological Zoning Map Grade 1 Zone Occupies approximately 50.3% of nationwide corresponding area in Republic of and Special Management Area Korea. Grade 1 zone 4,016.8㎢, special management area 2,261.9㎢
Also, securing biological diversity is under progress for hosting of the Olympic Winter Games with consideration of the environment. Through the establishment of Korea Preservation Society of Goat and Musk Deer, Gangwon-do Natural Environment Research Park, Korea Botanic Garden, Holoce Ecosystem Conservation Research Institution, and Insect Ecology Research Center within Gangwon-do, efforts for restoration of endangered wildlife are under process, and restoration plan on 4 wild animalspecies such as mammal and 11 species of insects are under process.
Restoration Plan for Endangered Wildlifes in Gangwon-do
Amphibian Region Mammal Bird Insect Terrestrial Plant · Reptile Chiak Amur rat Copris Siberian ginseng, Korean white iris, Korean monk's -- Mountain snake tripartitus hood Odae Callipogon Musk deer - - Siberian ginseng, Korean white iris Mountain Relictus Korea edelweiss, Korean spotted lady's slipper, arctous ruber, Korean monk's hood, Siberian ginseng, Lynx, Seorak Rhododendron aureum Georgi, Korean Manchurian -- Mountain chickweed-wintergreen, Leontice microrhyncha S. sika deer Moore, Lilium cernuum Kom, Thalictrum coreanum H. Lév., Smilacina bicolor Nakai White-bellied Musk deer, woodpecker, Gymnopleurus DMZ - Endangered plants inhabiting in the region otter black-faced mopsus spoonbill Source : Environmental Statistics Portal (http://stat.me.go.kr), Ministry of Environment
36 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Environment-friendly Construction of Olympic Venue Facilities and
Transportation Infrastructure
For the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, constructions of ice stadia(4 sites), snow stadia(2 sites), Olympic Village and Media Village(2 sites), IBC, and venue for opening and closing ceremony are under plan. New facilities are planned to be constructed as environment-friendly buildings, and Green standard for energy and environmental design(G-SEED) would be applied to the new facilities. Also, waste-zero Olympic Games venue campaign would be conducted through the installation of recycling bins, supporting clean certification for businesses participating in recycling zone campaign, and hosting resource circulation bazaars. Also, internal efforts for greenhouse gas reduction including CER, installation of renewable energy generators such as photovoltaic energy and geothermal energy in the Olympic Games stadia, green building certificate, purchase of green products, and dissemination of green vehicles are being actively promoted.2)
Source : Gangwon-do Headquarter for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Green Building Preliminary Certificates for New PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games Stadia
Expansion of infrastructure(9 projects) for improved accessibility to Olympic Winter Games stadia is under progress. For improved accessibility to peripheral areas of Olympic Winter Games Stadia, for transport infrastructure, 120.7km length Wonju-Gangneung Double Track Railway would be constructed by December 2017 with the completion rate of 33.2% as of 2016. Also, metropolitan arterial transport network project through expansion of existing ICs is being consulted with Korea Expressway Corporation. Accessibility through airports will improve by increasing the number of boarding bridges in Yangyang International Airport from 3 to 4. Also, among Olympic Route Network, local roads(2 roads), county roads(4 roads including roads in agricultural and fishing villages), and internal access roads(3 roads) are under the process.
37 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Transportation Infrastructure Scheme of Olympic Venues
Total Working Expense(0.1 billion KRW) Type Project Government Provincial Si/gun Total Expenditure Expenditure Expenditure Total 9 3,552 2,486 868 198 Provincial Road 7.2㎞(Expansion to 2→2~4 330 231 99 - Provincial Road No. 456 lanes, pavement) (2) Provincial Road 5.5㎞(Improvement on 2 562 393 169 - No. 408 lanes) 1.75㎞(Expansion to 2→4 Gun Road No. 12 235 165 35 35 Gun Road lanes, pavement) (2) 4.2㎞(Expansion to 2→4 Gun Road No. 13 519 363 78 78 lanes, pavement) Farming and Doam 205 2.9㎞(New road, 4 lanes) 335 234 51 50 Fishing Village Road Doam 209 1.36㎞(New road, 2 lanes) 152 106 23 23 (2) Yongpyong Alpine 2.36㎞(New road, 2 lanes) 128 90 38 - Access Road Inter-connectio Jinbu Station n Road 8.76㎞(New road, 2 lanes) 1,214 850 364 - (3) Access Road Olympic Park 1.26㎞(New road, 2 lanes) 77 54 11 12 Access Road Source : Gangwon-do Olympic Winter Games Promotion Headquarters 2015 Policy Measure(Gangwon-do Olympic Winter Games Promotion Committee)
As additional projects to improve the accessibility of Olympic Winter Games Stadia, 7 projects of metropolitan arterial transport network(railway) and Olympic Route Network(local road, county road, and internal access road) are being prepared. Metropolitan arterial transport network is preparing for the increase in traffic volume, through speedup of existing railway lines (108.4km length), expansion of Woljeong samgeori-Chahang(local road no.456) to 4 lanes, Yucheon-Yongsan(county road no.12) 2 lanes road. Projects for expansion of Olympic Village-Stadium access road, Gangneung-Wonju National University-Jukheon intersection, and Gangneung Station-Stadium access road are also under progress.
38 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Transportation Infrastructure Scheme of Olympic Venues (Additional Project)
Total Working Expense(0.1 billion KRW) Type Project Government Provincial Total Expenditure Expenditure Total 7 2,055 1,439 616 Provincial Road No. 456 Provincial Road (Woljeong Samgeori ~ L=7.42㎞(4 Lanes) 619 433 186 (1) Chahang) Gun Road Gun Road No. 12 L=2.9km(2 Lanes) 149 104 45 (1) (Yucheon ~ Yongsan) Jinbu IC ~ L=2.15km(2~4 Lanes) 307 215 92 Homyeong-gyo
Chahang ~ Hoenggye L=3.5km(2 Lanes) 287 201 86
Inter-connection Olympic Park ~ Olympic L=2.2km(4 Lanes) 211 148 63 road Stadium (5) Gangneung Wonju National Univ ~ L=1.92km(4 Lanes) 181 127 54 Jukheon Intersection Gangneung Station ~ L=0.94km(4 Lanes) 301 211 90 Stadium Source : Gangwon-do Olympic Winter Games Promotion Headquarters 2015 Policy Measure(Gangwon-do Olympic Winter Games Promotion Committee)
2. Socio-cultural Area
The socio-cultural area suggests the impacts of Olympic Winter Games through 14 topics, 33 core subjects and 5 case studies. The impact induced by the Olympic Winter Games is categorized into the quantitative impacts focused on national statistics, and quantitative impacts based on other reports and studies. The possibilities of changes in the region induced by the Olympic Winter Games were suggested to evaluate the degree of impact. Also, detailed explanation of impacts of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games was provided through case studies.
□ Local Community
The installation rate of convenience facilities in Gangwon-do is 71.4%, which exceeds the appropriate installation rate of 64.3%, and is 3.5% higher than the national level, indicating excellent accessibility of the disabled. The installation rates of the Host Cities are 75.8% for PyeongChang-gun, 78.4% for Jeongseon-gun, and 60.6% for Gangneung-si. Although the rate of Gangneung-si is lower than the national level, it is higher than the optimal installation rate, which is 53.2%.
39 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Installation Rate of Convenience Facilities for the Disabled in Gangwon-do
Number of Optimal Number of Number of Installation Rate As of 2013 Optimal Installation Facilities Installations (%) Installations Rate (%) All Nation 6,305,374 4,283,679 67.9 3,795,148 60.2 Gangwon-do 157,822 112,669 71.4 101,542 64.3 Pyeongchang-gun 5,612 4,256 75.8 3,943 70.3 Gangneung-si 17,511 10,618 60.6 9,318 53.2 Jeongseon-gun 4,851 3,801 78.4 3,555 73.3
Through efficient efforts to enhance accessibility of stadia, the 4 newly constructed stadia of Gangneung received Barrier-Free Living Environment Preparatory Certification. However, this exists as the evidence of efforts to enhance accessibility, and so it's difficult to determine this as the result of utilizing the local community. So, the measures to utilize local communities in maintaining the facilities should be provided in the next OGI studies.
Source : Gangwon-do Headquarter for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games Barrier-Free Living Environment Preparatory Certification for the New Stadiums
□ Satisfaction of Residents of Gangwon-do
Among the factors of impact induced by the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, the general satisfaction of residents of Gangwon-do through the hosting of the Games was proved to be 52.08%. On the opinion poll on the enhancement of pride, income, infrastructure, culture, legacy and internal/external status, majority of the subject answered 'strongly agree' or 'agree'. The average percentage of people who answered 'disagree' or 'strongly disagree' was 10.7%, indicating that although small in proportion, some think that the impacts induced by the hosting of the Games is not absolutely beneficial.
40 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Opinion Survey Results of Gangwon-do Citizen’s Opinions Toward the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games
Strongly Disagree Category Agree Unsure /Strongly /Agree disagree I feel proud as a citizen of Gangwon-do for Pyeongchang hosting the Olympic 62.6 31.7 5.7 Winter Games. After hosting the Olympic Games, my pride toward Gangwon-do will be 48.0 40.7 11.3 greater. After hosting the Olympic Games, the income of my neighborhood will become 34.6 40.7 24.7 greater. After hosting the Olympics, the income of Gangwon-do will become higher. 32.2 46.4 21.4 The Olympic Games is an event with close relationship with our town. 24.9 36.4 38.7 The Olympic Games is an event of Gangwon-do, unrelated to our town. 43.9 28.0 28.1 The Olympic Games is a national event rather than an event of Gangwon-do. 80.2 14.2 5.6 The transport infrastructure of Gangwon-do will become much greater from the 58.6 33.0 8.4 Olympic Games. Hosting the Olympic Games would be an event to pull the cultural standards of 40.9 43.0 16.1 Gangwon-do to the level of advanced nations . The Olympic Games would leave significant heritage to our town. 35.0 39.8 25.2 The Olympic Games would leave significant heritage to Gangwon-do. 55.6 35.2 9.2 Hosting the Olympic Games will heighten the domestic/foreign status of 59.3 33.9 6.8 Gangwon-do. Hosting the Olympic Games will heighten the international status of 58.8 34.5 6.7 Gangwon-do. The Olympic Games will leave much burden to Gangwon-do with the future 63.8 28.7 7.5 usage of the facilities. The Olympic Games will cause and exacerbate the conflict with the hosting 28.2 46.3 25.5 regions and other regions within the Do. Source : Kangwon Ilbo et al. (2013), Do’s Citizen Identity Research Report in 2013: People of Gangwon, who are you?
□ Ratio of National Basic Livelihood Recipient
The research on the recipient of National Basic Livelihood of Gangwon-do and the nation, the decreasing trends of both Gangwon-do and the national level show similarity. The recipient rates of the nation and Gangwon-do are 3.2% and 4.4%, respectively, in 2008-2009, 3.1%, 4.4%, respectively, in 2009-2010, 2.9%, 4.1%, respectively, in 2010-2011, and 2.7%, 3.7%, respectively, in 2011-2012.
The recipient rate of the Host Cities are in the order of Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun between the years of 2009 to 2013, except for 2010 and 2013, showing similar trends by year. The fact that the recipients are decreasing is a general trend. This trend does not seem to have been induced by the Olympic Winter Games, but by various other factors3).
3) One of the factors which can explain the decreasing trend of the recipients of National Basic Livelihood is the natural decrease caused by the withdrawal of the recipients themselves.
41 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Source : General Recipient of National Basic Livelihood (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2009~2013) General Recipient of National Basic Livelihood
□ Adult Illiteracy
The illiteracy rate of Gangwon-do was 5.1% as of 2010, which is 3.4%p higher than the national average of 1.7%. Especially, the average of 'gun' regions were 6.3%, which is higher than the national level, and the rate of urban areas were 1.7%, which is same with the national level. The illiteracy rate of Gangwon-do, which consists of small cities and 'gun's, is higher than the national level and the average of small cities, but lower than the average of 'gun's and large cities.
Source : Adult Illiteracy(National Institute of Korean Language, 2008) Illiteracy Rate
42 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Crime Occurrence
The crime occurrence, which represents the stability of the region slightly increased during 2011~2013, but decreased in comparison with 2009. The crime occurrence of the nation in 2013 decreased by 8.1% compared to 2009, but in Gangwon-do the changes were minor, decreased by 1.2% during the same period. Among the Host Cities, Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si showed 31.5%, and 24.8% decrease, respectively, indicating that the region is stabilizing.
The area of housing construction permit of the nation decreased in 2013, compared to 2011. In Gangwon-do, the area increased by 12.4% in 2013 compared by 2011, and Gangneung-si showed surprising increase of 263.1% during the same period. On the contrary, Jeongseon's area of construction permit decreased by 43.2% during the same period. The supply of new housing of Gangwon-do decreased over last year, but Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si is showing the opposite trend. This indicates that the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games has posed partial, although not major, impact on the supply of new housing.
Housing Construction Permit
Region 20092010201120122013 Building Units - 99,033 98,881 93,577 All Nation Total Floor Area(㎡) - - 56,547,919 59,254,704 50,235,453 Building Units 5,900 6,380 6,537 6,913 6,390 Gangwon-do Total Floor Area(㎡) 1,100,632 841,002 1,171,739 1,469,580 1,317,265 Pyeongchang-gu Building Units 565 609 542 557 456 n Total Floor Area(㎡) 62,181 57,899 55,424 84,174 61,563 Building Units 333 350 450 543 632 Gangneung-si Total Floor Area(㎡) 55,881 43,867 63,149 86,379 229,280 Building Units 312 329 285 324 233 Jeongseon-gun Total Floor Area(㎡) 25,693 24,783 42,530 35,686 24,156 Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr), Gangwon Statistical Information (http://stat.gwd.go.kr/)
43 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
The number of households under the minimum residential standards ratio, represents the qualitative assessment of residence, and Gangwon-do's ratio was 1.3%p higher than the national average. As of 2012, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun's ratio was 10.0%, 14.0%, and 20.2%, respectively, exceeding the national standards. In 2014, the national percentage of households not meeting the minimum standards is 5.4%, while Gangwon-do's ratio is 3.8%, showing 55.3% decrease from the previous year, which is much higher than the national level of 25%. The decreasing trend results from the newly supplied housings fulfilling the minimum standards, rather than from the impacts induced by the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games.
Households Not Compliant to Minimum Residential Standards
Region 200920102011201220132014 Total Number of Household(s) - 17,339,400 - 18,057,000 - 18,458,000 Household(s) Under the Minimum All Nation - 1,840,000 - 1,276,997 - 992,000 Housing Standard Ratio (%)-11-7.2-5.4 Total Number of Household(s) - - - 575,300 - 598,400 Gang Household(s) Under the Minimum - - - 48,370 - 23,000 won-do Housing Standard Ratio (%)---8.5-3.8 Total Number of Household(s) - - - 18,915 - - Pyeongch Household(s) Under the Minimum - - - 1,892 - - ang-gun Housing Standard Ratio (%)---10.0-- Total Number of Household(s) - - - 68,162 - - Gang Household(s) Under the Minimum - - - 9,524 - - neung-si Housing Standard Ratio (%)---14.0-- Total Number of Household(s) - - - 16,246 - - Jeong Household(s) Under the Minimum seon- - - - 3,287 - - Housing Standard gun Ratio (%)---20.2-- Note : 1) The households not compliant to minimum residential standards of Si and Gun level were not reported on the Residential Status Report of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation(Reported since 2012) 2) Minimum Residential Standards : Refers to the structural, performance, and environmental standards in consideration of mandatory facilities, safety and comfort determined by residential area, number of rooms by usage, kitchen, and bathroom, etc., necessary in order for the people to live a pleasant and suitable residential life(Housing Act, Article 5-2, Enforcement Decree Article 7) Source : Residential Status Report(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation, 2009~2014)
44 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Enhancement in Cultural / Public Awareness
The qualitative assessment indicators of culture and cultural awareness are categorized into the number of cultural facilities, number of usage and visits, interest in visiting, experiences in education, and interest in education. The supply of cultural facilities of Gangwon-do between 2008 and 2014 was steady between 7.5% ~ 8.0% of the national level. On the contrary, the number of usage and visits increased by 161%, and 88%, respectively, during the same period. indicating that although the supply remained stable, usage of and visits to cultural facilities increased dramatically.
Also, the experiences of education on culture and arts increased by 111%, but the interest decreased by 24%, indirectly indicating the need for enhancement in the quality of cultural heritage.
Cultural Activities
Category 2008200920102011201220132014 National Cultural Facilities(No.) 1,741 2,030 1,979 2,072 2,182 2,375 2,519 Cultural Facilities in Gangwon-do(No.) 140 152 156 160 167 182 198
Cultural Pyeongchang-gun(No.) 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 Facilities of the Gangneung-si(No.) 18 22 19 21 21 25 31 Host Cities Jeongseon-gun(No.) 5 5 5 5 5 5 8 Average Annual Cultural Facility Usage 2.6 - 4.0 - 3.6 - 6.7 Average Annual Visits to Cultural Events 2.4 - 8.1 - 3.7 - 4.5 Interest in Visiting Cultural Events(%) 64.3 - 69.8 - 73.1 - 87.5 Experience in Culture and Arts Education of 10.3 - 6 - 12.5 - 21.7 Gangwon-do(%) Interest in Culture and Arts Education of 34.1 - 16.4 - 4.15 - 25.8 Gangwon-do(%) Source : Cultural Status Survey (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014)/ List of Cultural Facilities in Republic of Korea (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2008~2014)
□ Demand on the Informations Regarding the Olympic Winter Games
The research on the informations regarding PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games consists of a total number of 246 questions with average inquiries of 1,488 times per each question. The demands on the informations can be categorized into “General Information on the Olympic Winter Games”, “Participation in the Olympic Winter Games”, “Information on Host Cities”, “Impact”, and “Others”, in which the questions on the informations of Host Cities account for 58.9% of the total questions, signifying the most interest, followed by the general information on the Olympic Winter Games, which accounts for 23.2%, representing substantial interest.
45 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
On the demand on the informations of the Host Cities, inquiries on Gangwon-do and Pyeongchang each accounted for 28.5%, and 19.9%, respectively, 48.4% in total. It can be analysed that the interest on the Host Cities was amplified, through comprehension of individual and cross-referential informations on the Host Cities of Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun. Especially, related searches on the Host Cities accounting for 1% of the total inquiries indicate that the reformation of regional perception was enabled.
On the attitude toward information demands, neutral stance, which is neither positive nor negative, accounted for 84.1% of the total inquiries. This means that the demand on the information is judged to be deriving from the sole purpose of acquiring informations on the Host Cities, and does not intend to determine the informations relevant to the Olympic Winter Games through utilization of certain knowledge and information.
46 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Research on the Demand on the Informations Regarding PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
2013 Category Questions Average Inquiries (SD) General Informations on the Olympic Winter 57(23.2) 1,597.82(3,443.949) Games
Participation in the Olympic Winter Games 12(4.9) 1,064.83(1,865.433)
Informations on the Host Cities of the Demand on the 145(58.9) 1,672.37(5,333.526) Informations Regarding Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Impacts of the Olympic Winter Games 15(6.1) 531.00(689.720)
Other 17(6.9) 699.12(1,129.857)
Total 246(100.0) 1,488.61(4,452.904)
Gangwon-do 70(28.5) 1,436.94(4,711.441)
Pyeongchang 49(19.9) 2,092.45(7,029.627)
Gangneung 13(5.3) 2,264.85(3,408.351)
Jeongseon 7(2.8) 835.86(1,733.509)
Demand on the Pyeongchang·Jeongseon 9(3.7) 721.78(1,151.951) Informations by Host Cities Jeongseon·Gangneung 1(0.4) 897
Pyeongchang·Gangneung 5(2.0) 229.20(233.341)
Pyeongchang·Jeongseon·Gangneung 1.(0.4) 134
N/A 91(37.4) 1,308.95(2,865.261)
Total 246(100.0) 1,488.61(4,452.904)
Positive 32(13.0) 1,013.97(1,828.453)
Negative 7(2.8) 239.71(201.791) Attitudes of Questions Neutral 207(84.1) 1,604.21(4,793.385)
Total 246(100.0) 1,488.61(4,452.904)
Source : The Kangwon Ilbo(2013), Report on the Identity of the Inhabitants of Gangwon-do
47 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
3. Economic Area
Olympic Games Impact on the economy was studied through 27 data issues in 10 areas and 4 case studies. The economic changes due to preparing and hosting the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games were objectively presented, and the sections on economic indicators especially were written based on quantitative impact with approved statistics. Indirect impact of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games was presented based on qualitative evaluations using other reports and research papers as well. Furthermore, the evaluation was carried out by presenting the actual opportunities that occur in the local community through hosting the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Case studies were selected so that they specifically represent the impact of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games in that sector.
Also, the impact was analyzed through comparison between Host Cities. The economic indicators like employment and price level were compared in the national and regional level, and also inside the region of Gangwon-do, among Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun. Yet the comparison focused more on interregional comparison rather than intraregional comparison, for a relative analysis of the changes in the Hosting Region.
□ General Economic Conditions
From 2009 to 2014, in preparation for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, the national employment rate rose by 2.7%, and the unemployment rate fell by 2.8%. In the same period, unemployment rate increased by 55% and employment rate fell by 2.2% in Gangwon-do. Especially, economic activity rate in Gangwon-do decreased by 1.2%, opposite of that of the national economic activity rate, which increased 2.6%.
The economic activity rate of the three Host Cities in Gangwon-do increased by 9.7% and 5.0% for Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun respectively, while that of Gangneung-si dropped by 2.1%. Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun each showed a decrease in unemployment rate by 55% and 62.6%, while their employment rate rose 9.1%, 2.0% respectively. On the other hand, Gangneung-si displayed a stagnant labor market, with a decrease in both its unemployment rate and employment rate, by 9.1% and 2.0% respectively, and a low economic activity rate that decreased by 2.1%.
48 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
The consumer price is generally declining since PyeongChang won the bid to the Olympic Winter Games. The national consumer price fell by 1.5%p in 2014 over 2009, and that of Gangwon-do decreased by 1.6%p, stabilizing relatively faster. Meanwhile, these characteristics were influenced more by national approaches to stabilize price levels rather than the Olympic Winter Games.
The consumer price of Host Cities fell 1.3%p in 2014 compared to 2009. This is lower than the decline of consumer price of the Gangwon-do region, but is still showing a constant decrease. These characteristics appear to be under the influence of the price level administration executed on municipal or provincial units.
Increase in Consumer Price (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 All Nation 2.8 3.0 4.0 2.2 1.3 1.3 Gangwon-do 1.9 3.0 4.3 2.0 1.1 0.7 Host City1.82.84.12.01.10.5 Note : The Consumer Price of Host City used statistics of Gangneung-si as data for Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun do not exist Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr)
49 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Increase in Housing Price
The increase in housing price nationwide, due to PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, has maintained an uphill trend until 2011. From 2012, the increase rate has slowed down, and took a turn for a decrease in housing prices since 2013. This reverse in housing prices appear to be the result of efforts to stabilize housing prices that were abnormally high, such as stricter loan regulations.
The housing price of Gangwon-do increased similarly to that nationwide until 2010, but since 2011, housing prices have soared, exceeding the increase in national housing prices. As government efforts to control the increase in housing prices in Gangwon-do have been maintained at a similar level to other regions, the rising housing price in this region appears to be an influence of hosting the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.
Moreover, as housing prices have stayed constant in Host City for 2013, a year when housing prices fell nationally and in Gangwon-do, real estate prices seem to have increased due to hosting the Olympic Winter Games.
All Nation 0.5 2.5 6.2 2.3 -1.6 Gangwon-do 1.4 2.5 10.2 13.0 -0.4 Host City -1.2 -0.2 8.2 14.5 1.9 Note : Statistics of Gangneung-si was used for Host City, as data for Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun do not exist Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr)
□ Gross Regional Domestic Product
The growth in GRDP per capita from 2009 to 2013 was 2.2%p, showing an increase in GRDP per capita on a national level through enhancing production. In particular, the increase in GRDP is even more notable considering the decrease in producing population. The GRDP per capita of Gangwon-do increased by 3.2%p in 2013 compared to 2009. The GRDP per capita of Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si rose by 14.7%p and 1.7%p each, meaning enhanced facilitation of industries that lead the shift in added value through regional production activities. However, the GRDP per capita of Jeongseon-gun fell by 1.3%p, signifying poor regional production activities as there were no population booms.
50 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Growth in Real GRDP per capita (Unit : %) Category20092010201120122013
All Nation 0.20 4.99 3.01 1.87 2.39
Gangwon-do 0.17 2.81 3.06 1.38 3.33
Pyeongchang-gun -6.97 -1.47 -5.02 -2.14 7.69
Gangneung-si 1.57 5.09 4.05 -1.08 3.24
Jeongseon-gun 1.23 4.60 2.48 -6.51 -0.09 Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr) Gross Regional Domestic Product, The Statistics of Registered Population
□ Production Structure
The national industrial production structure is divided into agriculture, manufacturing, and services, each accounting for 2.5%, 37.7%, and 59.8% of added value. It was found that Wholesale and Retail(9.1%) take up the largest share of service, followed by Real estate and Lease(7.9%). When looking at the share of service sector in industrial production structure, it decreased by an average of 13.3%p in 2013 compared to 2009, while that of manufacturing increased by 58.1%p, indicating that manufacturing creates more added value than the service industry.
Also, the proportion of agriculture, fisheries, and mining in the added has decreased 27.6%p nationwide, signifying a transition from dependance on primary industries to a specialization on manufacturing. Moreover, the insurance and finance industry and real estate industry saw a decrease in their proportion of added value by 69.5%p and 46.6%p respectively. Meanwhile, wholesale and retail, business services, health and social welfare industry each saw an increase in their proportion of added value by 36.0%p, 54.8%p, and 17.1%p respectively, through government efforts to develop these fields.
The industrial production structure of Gangwon-do is divided into agriculture, manufacturing, and services, each accounting for 7.9%, 19.9%, and 72.1% of added value, a structure that is led by the service industry. Gangwon-do is relatively specialized in agriculture, fisheries, and mining, and depends highly on service industry for creating added value. The proportion of service sector increased by an average of 14.2%p in 2013 compared to 2009, while that of manufacturing decreased by 42.0%p, indicating that service industry creates more added value than the manufacturing industry.
In addition, the proportion of agriculture, fisheries, and mining in the added has decreased 30.3%p nationwide, signifying a transition from dependance on primary industries to a specialization in service industry. Moreover, the insurance and finance industry and real estate industry saw a decrease in their proportion of added value by 32.7%p and 3.1%p respectively, similar to the nationwide trend. Wholesale and
51 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
retail experienced a 14.2%p drop in their proportion of added value, while business services, health and social welfare industry, public administration and national defense each saw an increase in their proportion of added value by 52.5%p, 22.6%p, and 183.6%p respectively, through government efforts to develop these fields.
National Industrial Production Structure (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total added value(price basis) 100 100 100 100 100
Agriculture and fisheries 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3
Mining 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Manufacturing 28.7 30.8 31.3 31.0 31.0
Food, beverages, and tobacco 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Fiber, clothing, and leather products 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6
Timber, paper, printing and copying 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
Coal, petroleum, and chemical products 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.8
Non-metallic minerals and metal products 5.5 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.6
Electric, electronic, and precision instruments 7.9 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.9
Mechanical transit equipment and other products 7.4 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.0
Electricity, gas, steam and water pipes 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.7
Construction 5.7 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.9
Wholesale and retail 8.7 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.1
Transportation 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.6
Accomodations and Restaurants 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6
Publishing, moving images, broadcasting, and information services 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
Insurance and finance 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.1 5.6
Real estate and leasing 8.4 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.9
Business services 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3
Public administration, military, and social security 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.2
Education services 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5
Health and social welfare services 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1
Cultural and other services 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr),
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Industrial Production Structure in Gangwon-do (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total added value(price basis) 100 100 100 100 100 Agriculture and fisheries 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.4 Mining 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 Manufacturing 10.6 10.5 10.7 10.5 9.4 Food, beverages, and tobacco 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.1 Fiber, clothing, and leather products 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Timber, paper, printing and copying 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 Coal, petroleum, and chemical products 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 Non-metallic minerals and metal products 3.6 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.2 Electric, electronic, and precision instruments 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 Mechanical transit equipment and other products 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.9 Electricity, gas, steam and water pipes 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 Construction 8.9 7.9 7.4 7.8 8.4 Wholesale and retail 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.1 5.9 Transportation 3.3 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.9 Accomodations and Restaurants 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 Publishing, moving images, broadcasting, and information services 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 Insurance and finance 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.1 3.9 Real estate and leasing 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 Business services 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 Public administration, military, and social security 22.5 22.3 22.623.524.4 Education services 9.4 9.1 9.2 9.2 9.1 Health and social welfare services 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 Cultural and other services 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.7 Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr),
Manufacturing, which takes up 9.4% of the total added value in Gangwon-do, is dispersed in each of the Host Cities. Gangneung-si, Pyeongchang-gun, and Jeongseon-gun each account for 12.06%, 1.80%, 1.12% of manufacturing, indicating an outstanding manufacturing structure. The manufacturing industrial structure of Gangneung-si has increased about 3.32% since 2009. However, seeing that the manufacturing industrial structure of Pyeongchang-gun increased by 0.1%p, the impact of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games are relatively low in Pyeongchang-gun.
Proportion of Manufacturing in Host City (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Pyeongchang-gun1.501.701.562.241.80 Gangneung-si 8.74 11.57 11.43 10.35 12.06 Jeongseon-gun2.041.651.910.921.12 Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr),
53 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Tourism
The dates of stay of domestic and foreign tourists are decreasing in hotels nationwide. In particular, the dates of stay of domestic and foreign tourists at hotels in Gangwon-do is declining, and whereas the average dates of stay of domestic visitors fell by only 0.23 days, the average dates of stay of foreign tourists decreased by 0.89 days. Thus it is difficult to conclude that the number of tourists is affected by the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. It appears that easier access to Gangwon-do induced the straw effect, reducing the stays at hotels in the region.
Average Dates of Stay at Hotel (Unit : day) Domestic Foreigner Total Category Gangwon-do All Nation Gangwon-do All Nation Gangwon-do All Nation 2009 1.60 1.77 2.17 2.71 1.67 2.17 2010 1.55 1.79 1.83 2.33 1.59 2.02 2011 1.57 1.85 1.97 2.17 1.64 1.99 2012 1.72 1.61 1.41 1.88 1.65 1.74 2013 1.37 1.45 1.28 1.75 1.36 1.58 Source : Tourism Knowledge Information System(http://tour.go.kr/)
□ Hosting International Events
2,874 international events were held in 2013, with 1,462,025 participants. The number of events increased by 308.2% compared to 2009, and the number of participants rose by 128.3% in the same period. In Gangwon-do, a total of 18 events were hosted in 2013, which is a 200% increase compared to 2009. However, this signifies an increase in the accumulated number, and in fact the number of international events dropped three times, 50% relative to the previous year(2012). Thus it appears that nationwide, globalization and international competency is being advanced through hosting of international events, but it is difficult to conclude as such for Gangwon-do. Also, looking at the tendencies in Gangwon-do from 2009 to 2011, it seems that the number of participants is decided according to the characteristics of the event, and not the number of events held.
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International Events Hosted and Participants, by Year
Events Total participants Category Gangwon-do All Nation Gangwon-do All Nation 2009 6 704 2,990 640,290 2010 5 1,070 3,200 725,251 2011 10 1,330 2,320 786,202 2012 3 2,593 - 1,368,627 2013 18 2,874 - 1,462,025 Source : From 2012, statistics were published without regional distinctions Source : MICE Industrial Statistics Research Paper(Korea Tourism Organization, 2009-2013)
□ Olympic Games Budget and Public Expenditure
The total budget for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is 2,054 billion, and expenditure will exceed the income before the opening of the Games. Expenditure on infrastructure will continue to occur until 2017, and the break-even point is estimated to be after 2018. Thus expenditure by hosting the Olympic Winter Games will at least contribute to job creation in the region with labor spendings.
POCOG Budget Structure (Unit : million KRW) Category Total 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 After 2018
Income 2,054,000 16,644 33,444 112,173 110,823 258,158 660,536 862,222
Expenditure 2,053,700 16,766 31,759 113,908 158,018 302,367 800,683 630,199 Expenditure-In 300 -122 1,685 -1,735 -47,195 -44,209 -140,147 232,023 come Source : PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games (POCOG)
Also, the public budget through hosting the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has increased by 16.8% in 2013 over 2009. As for the conditions in 2011, when PyeongChang bid for the Olympic Winter Games, the public budget that had been declining in 2010 began to increase from 2011. Thus the procurement of public budget may not be entirely the influence of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Game, but it should be considered a contribution to ceratin extent.
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Percentage of Operating Expenses and Capital Expenditure on Public Budget (Unit : million KRW) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Gangwon Headquarter for the Operating Expenses PyeongChang 2018 Olympic 6,012 6,263 9,482 20,696 117,037 (million KRW) Winter Games
Gangwon Headquarter for the Capital Expenditure PyeongChang 2018 Olympic 1,650 0 35 22,520 0 (million KRW) Winter Games
Public Budget 6,645,805 6,632,511 6,836,910 7,239,106 7,764,621 (Gangwon-do, net total, million KRW)
Net expenses(Operating Ratio(%) expenses+Capital expenditure) / 0.12 0.09 0.14 0.88 1.5 Public Budget Source : Fiscal self-reliance ratio(http://lofin.mospa.go.kr), Gangwon Headquarter for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Ⅳ Impact Analysis
1. Environmental Indicators
The environmental area consists of 10 topics, 19 core subjects and 10 case studies, and the results show that the average degree of impact is 57.8%. The topics with the biggest impact induced by the Olympic Games were: Solid waste and wastewater, transportation, Olympic venue, energy and resource inventory.
The overall relevance was 68.4%, and based on three grades of H, M, L, the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games was shown to generally influence the environmental area. Water quality, waterworks, GHG emission, changes in land usage and protected area, transportation usage, Olympic-related transportation, solid waste, and damages caused by natural disaster were shown to be influenced by the Olympic Games. In contrast, wastewater emission, air quality, biodiversity, and procurement of environmentally and socially qualified products showed less impact of Olympic Games. This means that subjects with bigger changeability were more likely to be influenced by the Olympic Games.
Ratings were categorized to three grades of G, Y, R, and average rate was 63.1%, indicating that the Olympic Games generally pose positive impact. Especially, indicators such as water quality, waterworks, GHG emission, venue development and design strategy, resource efficiency of venue, transportation usage and development, Olympic-related transportation, solid waste, wastewater, Olympic-related energy and resource investment, and damage from natural disaster were shown to be positively influenced by the Olympic Games. However, indicators such as changes in land usage, and changes is protected area were shown to be negatively influenced by the Olympic Games.
Confidence were categorized to three grades of H, M, L, and average confidence was 42.1%, meaning that the degree of confidence on data is generally below average. Among the indicators, water quality, changes in protected area, air quality, venue development and design strategy, public transportation usage, Olympic-related transportation infrastructure, solid waste, and wastewater used national statistics, leading to higher confidence on supplementary data. However, confidence was below average on indicators which cannot be dealt with short-term effort such as environmentally and socially qualified product and service procurement, damages from natural disaster, energy consumption, biodiversity, changes in land usage.
Also, it was shown that the Olympic Games were influential and at the same time very positive on water quality and waterworks, GHG emission, venue development and design strategy, transportation usage, Olympic-related transportation, solid waste, and wastewater, which are considered mandatory for hosting the
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Olympic Winter Games and fulfilling the "Green Dream : O2 Plus" Olympic as stated on the IOC Bid File. However, as of 2016 it showed low relevance and confidence on indicators such as biodiversity, impact of Olympic-related transportation and environmentally and socially qualified products and services, as short-term efforts cannot pose impacts. However, impacts of the Olympic Winter Games on these indicators should be determined through continuous research until 2018.
Impact Code Indicator Name Relevan Confide Bid File Rating ce nce En 01 Hydrologic cycle 01-1 - Water Quality H G H 6, 11 01-2 - Wastewater Emission M Y M 01-3 - Waterworks H G M En 02 Air quality and GHG emission 02-1 - Air Quality M G H 6, 11 02-2 - GHG Emission H G M Changes in Land Use, Protected Areas and En 03 biodiversity 03-1 - Changes in Land Use H R M 03-2 - Changes in Protected Areas H R H 6 03-3 - Biodiversity and Endangered Wildlifes M Y M 6 En 04 Olympic venue 04-1 - Venue Development and Design Strategy H G H 8, 10 04-2 - Resource Efficiency of Venues H G M 9, 13 En 05 Transportation - Development and Use of Public Transportation 05-1 HGH6, 8, 15 System - Transportation Induced by the Olympic· 10, 13, 15, 05-2 HGH Paralympic Games 17 - Impact of Transportation induced by the 05-3 M Y M 10, 15, 17 Olympic·Paralympic Games En 06 Energy consumption 06-1 - Energy Consumption M Y M 17 En 07 Solid Waste and Wastewater 07-1 - Solid Waste H G H 6 07-2 - Wastewater H G H 6 En 08 Energy and resource inventory 08-1 - Olympic-related energy and resource investment H G M 6, 11, 17 En 09 Sustainability of Resource Mobilization
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Impact Code Indicator Name Relevan Confide Bid File Rating ce nce - Procurement of Environmentally, Socially, and 09-1 MYM Ethically Certified Products
En 10 Natural disaster 10-1 - Damages from Natural Disasters H G M 6, 11
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□ En 01-1 Water Quality
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview Water quality is analyzed by measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Suspended Solids(SS), Total Nitrogen(T-N), Phosphate(PO4-P), Total Phosphorus(T-P), and Total Coliform. Water quality was measured in 4 places of the Host City which are expected to be influenced by the Olympic Games(Figure En-01-1), and the annual average of monthly measure provided by the Ministry of Environment Water Information System was used. Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf.
Analysis The water quality of the Host City of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games marked Ⅰa(Very Good) or Ⅰb(Good). Although cases of Suspended Solids and Total Coliform marking below normal exist, these locations are showing gradual improvement. Continuous decrease of pollutants was observed in Jeongseon(Odae-cheon 2). The assessed result on water quality of four monitoring points of the Host City conducted through Water Information System of the Ministry of Environment shows that points in Pyeongchang and Jeongseon show Ⅰ a(Very Good) grade of BOD, while Gangneung(Ponam) was marked II(Slightly Good). Although the result varies from year to year, TP and COD level of all monitoring points fit into the Korean environmental standards of streams. All items used to assess water quality shows continuous improvement in all monitoring points Although Suspended Solids and Total Coliform level in all monitoring points are marked below normal, it shows distinct improvement in 2015, compared to 2014. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H It shows that the efforts to improve water quality and decrease pollution was strengthened by the hosting of the Olympic Games, which led to the general improvement of water quality of streams. Also, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun and Wonju Regional Environmental Office has signed a joint agreement to prepare countermeasures on non-point pollution sources such as muddy water, sewage or livestock wastewater from alpine agriculture in the upriver district of Lake Doam, and agreed to invest 42.1 billion KRW in order for the SS level to fall below 5ppm4). Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun and Wonju Regional Environmental Office stated that "Reduction plan of non-point pollution on Lake Doam is not only beneficial as a means of improvement in water quality, but also valuable in the sense that we are fulfilling our promise to IOC on successful hosting of the Games, and also in the sense of environment-friendly legacy of the Olympic Games", fulfilling the aims described in the Bid File(6, 11) for the Games.
4) Yonhap News(2014.2.3), Water Quality Improvement of Lake Doam, Pyeongchang, A Step for Eco-friendly Olympic (http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/sports/2014/02/03/1007000000AKR20140203066100062.HTML)
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Total Coliform 4,344 4,528 1,765 6,274 11,585 10,795 42,823 18,032 11,055 (group/100㎖) Source : Ministry of Environment Water Information System(http://water.nier.go.kr)
Source : Ministry of Environment Water Information System(http://water.nier.go.kr)
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□ En 01-2 Wastewater Emission
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview Wastewater processing is measured by the number of sewage water treatment plants and the processed volume of sewage water. Also, the quality of discharged water is measured by selecting one terminal disposal plant considered to be affected by the Olympic Games per each Host City. The quality of discharged water is measured by calculating the annual average of daily measurement of Gangneung Sewage Water Terminal Disposal Plant(Daily capacity 75,000㎥/day), Daegwallyeong Sewage Water Terminal Disposal Plant(Daily capacity 5,000㎥/day), and Jeongseon Sewage Water Terminal Disposal Plant(Daily capacity 3,000㎥/day). Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf. Analysis The number of sewage processing plants and the processed volume is increasing not only in all Host Cities but also Gangwon-do and all nation. On processed sewerage, Gangneung showed decrease in 2013 to 81,878 ㎥/day compared to 82,248㎥/day in 2012. However, the processed amount of sewage water is increasing in other regions, and Jeongseon-gun showed 16% increase in the processed amount of sewage water in 2013 compared to 2012. The processed volume of sewage water of Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun each account for less than 2% of total processed volume of Gangwon-do in 2013, while Gangneung-si accounts for 14%. However, there are only 9 sewage water treatment plants in Gangneung, which is in opposite to the processed volume, compared with other Host Cities(27 in Pyeongchang, 18 in Jeongseon). The representative sewage water terminal disposal plant of each Host Cities meet the water quality standards through thorough processing, and in 2013 Pyeongchang(Daegwallyeong) Terminal Disposal Plant exhibited 90% decrease in Total Coliform, compared to 2012. The percentage of sewered population of Korea gradually increased, reaching 92.1% in 2013. Although Gangwon-do's small population and mountainous terrain resulted in lower percentage of sewered population, the statistics show continuous increase, and is expected to increase in near future through expansion of small-sized plants. After examining the water quality of discharged water after treatment, majority of items sufficiently meet the standards of the Republic of Korea. Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
The processed water quality of Host Cities are generally satisfactory. However, the magnitude of direct impact of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games on wastewater emission was proven to be not substantial, and this leads us to believe that general management on wastewater will be made separately from the Olympic. Also, continuous efforts on wastewater emission is expected, as it is suggested5) that improvements on water quality and natural preservation for residents will continue after PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, through expansion and improvements in sewage management infrastructure such as expansion of existing sewage water treatment plants.
5) PyeongChang Organizing Committee for Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games(2015), Creating a New Horizon for Sustainable 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Furthering Benefits to Human and Nature
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Percentage of Sewered Population (Unit : %) Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
All Nation 89.4 90.1 90.9 91.6 92.1
Gangwon-do 77 81.3 83.1 84.1 85.0
Pyeongchang-gun45.560.965.867.367.3
Gangneung-si 87.2 87.7 87.9 87.8 87.8
Jeongseon-gun7979.277.777.677.8 Source : Statistics of Sewerage(2009~2013)
Categorization of Area on Discharged Water Quality of Public Sewage Water Treatment Facility
Category Scope A. Area designated and published as Water Source Protection Area under 「Water Supply and Waterworks Installation Act」 Article 7 B. Area designated and published as Special Countermeasure Area on Water Quality Preservation, among those areas designated and announced as Special Countermeasure Area under 「Framework Act on Environmental Policy」 Article 22 Clause 1 C. Area designated and published as riparian zones under 「Act on the Improvement of Water Quality and Support for Residents of the Han River Basin」 Article 4 Clause 1, 「Act on Water Area I Management and Residents Support in the Nakdong River Basin」 Article 4 Clause 1, 「Act on Water Management and Residents Support in the Geum River Basin」 Article 4 Clause 1, and 「Act on the Management of Water and Support of Residents in the Yeongsan and Seomjin River Basin s」 Article 4 Clause 1. D. Area with streams flowing into "Saemangeum Project Area", under 「Special Act on Promotion of the Saemangeum Project」 Article 2 Clause 1, and designated and published by the Minister of Environment
Area designated and published by the Minister of Environment as areas with COD and T-P level exceeding or highly likely to exceed the standards under 「Water Quality and Aquatic Ecosystem Area II Conservation Act」 Article 24 Clause 2(1), among the areas published as medium spheres of influence, under Article 22 Clause 2 of the same Act.
Areas designated and published by the Minister of Environment in Han river·Geum river·Nakdong Area III river·Yeongsan river·Seomjin river basins, among the areas published as medium spheres of influence under 「Water Quality and Aquatic Ecosystem Conservation Act」(excluding Area I and II)
Area IV Areas excluding Area I, II, and III
67 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Sewage Water Treatment Status
Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Number of Facilities (Unit : Site) 2,770, 3,064, 3,363, 3,613, 3,774,
Nations (Over/Under (438/2,332) (470/2,594) (505/2,858) (546/3,067) (569/3,205) All 500㎥/day)
Total Coliform <30 <30 <30 <30 30 (group/㎖) Source : Statistics of Sewerage(2009~2013)
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□ En 01-3 Waterworks
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
Waterworks act as indicators of stable supply of clean and safe water, and can be measured by waterworks supply ratio(%), water supply facility capacity(1,000㎥/day), supplied volume(1,000㎥/day), and supplied volume per capita(L/day) provided by the Statistics of Water Works(Ministry of Environment).
Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf.
Analysis
Waterworks supply ratio has shown continuous increase, and population served also showed slight increase in the national level. The supply ratio as of 2013 was 95.7% on national level, with Gangwon-do 88.6%, Pyeongchang-gun 80.5%, Gangneung-si 93.8%, and Jeongseon-gun 78.4%, indicating that the urban area of Gangneung's supply ratio is comparatively higher than the rural area of Pyeongchang and Jeongseon. On the contrary, Jeongseon-gun's supply ratio was the lowest among the Host Cities with 78.4%, which is 17.3%p lower than the national level. Pyeongchang-gun's daily waterworks supply volume of 2013 increased 4,800㎥/day from 2012's 28,200㎥ /day. However, in other Host Cities the supply volume stayed the same, or even decreased 7,000㎥/day in Jeongseon. On supplied volume per capita, all Host Cities including Gangwon-do are showing higher numbers compared to the national level. The national level of supplied volume per capita is 335L/day, while Gangwon-do and Host Cities' supplied volume per capita is 400L/day. Especially, Jeongseon-gun's number is more than twice as high as the national level, and is still very high compared with other Host Cities, Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
The continuous increase in the Waterworks supply ratio in order to manage the Olympic Games and promote public convenience suggest that the Olympic Games contributed to the waterworks supply of the Host City. Also, expansion of infrastructures for basic water resources is expected to contribute to stable procurement and supply of water resources in Pyeongchang and Jeongseon, suffering from chronic shortage of drinking water6).
6) PyeongChang Organizing Committee for Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games(2015), Creating a New Horizon for Sustainable 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Furthering Benefits to Human and Nature
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Waterworks Status
Items 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Population(1,000) 50,644 51,435 51,717 51,881 52,127 Population served(1,000) 47,336 48,395 48,938 49,354 49,910
l Nation All Supply Ratio(%) 93.5 94.1 94.6 95.1 95.7 Facility Capacity(1,000㎥/Day) 28,885 28,908 30,944 29,959 27,168
Supplied Volume(1,000㎥/Day) 28,454 29,207 32,973 33,415 27,648 Supplied Volume per 887 898 1,043 1,060 875 capita(ℓ/Day) Note : Populations using village waterworks and small scale facility were excluded in calculating Population served and supply ratio Source : Statistics of Water Works(Ministry of Environment, 2009~2013)
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□ En 01-4 Case Study : Sewage and River Water Quality Management
〈Case 1: Efforts to improve water quality of Lake Doam〉
Improvements in the water quality of Lake Doam is crucial, as the issue is related to the reactivation of 82MW hydroelectric dam. Supply of clean new and renewable energy is related to the core of the Environment-friendly Olympic Games, and so we wish to continuously evaluate on this issue in order for the water quality to improve through non-point source pollution reduction project of Pyeongchang Mountain Cluster, and ultimately lead to waterpower generation.
The need for expansion of treatable volume of wastewater which is expected to increase during the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games period will be resolved by linkage with adjacent plants and new storage. All treatment plants are equipped with high-tech biological facilities, but is planned to be ameliorated to more efficient facilities, along with the construction of new plants in order to prepare for drastic increase in sewage water.
Plan for New Sewage Water Treatment Plant
Area Pyeongchang-gun Gangneung-si Jeongseon-gun Jinbu Plant Gangneung Plant Linkage Disposal (4,100→5,000㎥/Day) Jeongseon Alpine Center (75,000㎥/day, Plant Myeonon Plant Small Size Plant(600㎥/Day) tolerance 3,000㎥/day) (480→1,300㎥/Day) Jinbu Plant 19㎞ New Sewage Sports Complex 10㎞ New Myeonon Plant 4㎞ New Pipeline Ice Hockey Ⅱ 0.96㎞ New Daegwallyeong Plant 9.4㎞ New Daegwallyeong Plant Other (Storage 3,000㎥/Day) Source : PyeongChang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Non-point source pollution reduction project will be conducted until 2017 in order to maintain Song-cheon and Lake Doam in Pyeongchang Mountain Cluster’s SS level below 5mg/L. Pyeongchang Mountain Cluster, with the size of approx. 149㎢, was designated as "non-point source pollution management area" in August 2007, in which government-level countermeasures including institutional management, technological measures(slope protection, vegetation restoration, field refurbishment project, green manure cultivation, buffer planting, grit chamber construction), and education and PR, are taken. As of 2014, the SS level of the bottom of Doam Dam is showing improvement with average level of 5.3mg/L, and Golji-cheon in Jeongseon-gun was also designated as "non-point source pollution management area" in which the water quality is managed.
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Average water quality of the Bottom of Doam Dam(May-September)
Also, the total amount of 23.1 billion KRW was invested in the Non-point Source Pollution Reduction Project from 2008 to 2014 for the improvement of water quality of Pyeongchang Mountain Cluster, and additional projects for water quality improvement are planned to continue.
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Non-point Source Reduction Plan for Pyeongchang Mountain Cluster
Area Detail Budget(0.1 billion) Period Institution in charge
1-3 New clause on non-point source pollution at -'08 ∼ contd.Gangwon-do contract approval
2. Soil Erosion Prevention Plan 623 '08 ∼ '17 Korea Forest Service, 2-1 Debris barrier construction(16) 38 '10 ∼ '17 Gangwon-do Ministry of Agriculture, Food 2-2 Field base refurbishment(420ha) 105 '11 ∼ '17 and Rural Affairs, Gangwon-do Ministry of Agriculture, Food 2-3 Green Manure Cultivation(6,260ha) 15 '08 ∼ '17 and Rural Affairs, Gangwon-do National Emergency 2-4 Small stream refurbishment project (2.7km) 45 '09 ∼ '17 Management, Gangwon-do Ministry of Land, 2-5 Rural stream refurbishment project (2.2km) 99 '09 ∼ '11 Infrastructure and Transport, Gangwon-do 2-6 Non-point source pollution project of alpine Ministry of Environment, 32 '08 ∼ ‘17 fields(733ha) Gangwon-do - Small-size grit chamber(200) -6 '08 ∼ '17 Gangwon-do - Slope restoration in farmland and forest -13 '10 ∼ '17 Gangwon-do (16ha) 3. Research Project -0.6 '07 ∼ contd. Ministry of Environment, 3-1 Water quality monitoring of Lake Doam - '08 ∼ contd. Gangwon-do 3-2 Small-size grit chamber R&D -0.6 '07 ∼ '08 Gangwon-do
4. Education·PR - '08 ∼ contd. 4-1 Development, education, and PR of farming -'08 ∼ contd.Gangwon-do methods 4-2 Resuscitating alpine field bank project - '08 ∼ '17 Gangwon-do
Source : 2013 Lake Doam Non-point Source Pollution Management Area Monitoring and Assessment(V)(Ministry of Environment, 2013)
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□ En 01-5 Case Study : Water Demand Management and Reuse Promotion
〈Case 1: Efforts for Water Demand Management and Reuse Promotion〉
Efforts to prepare for water shortage from climate change and secure sustainable water resource is crucial. Especially, the Republic of Korea is considered a country that lacks water, and is advancing schemes for mandatory water demand management and reuse, and so we plan to continuously assess this effort in order for wider dissemination of related facilities. Construction of reservoirs for drinking water to resolve water shortage in Pyeongchang Mountain Cluster will also be continuously assessed.
The Host Cities are striving to increase water flow rate through promotion of water demand management policies. Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si is currently conducting waterworks pipeline refurbishment project wish plans to increase water flow rate from 65.0%, 70.6%, respectively, in 2011 to 85.0%, and 73.0%, respectively, until 2016. Also, Jeongseon-gun's water flow rate threefolded from 34.8% in 2011 to 90.4% as of 2015.
The Republic of Korea has legislated the 「Promotion of and Support for Water Reuse Act」to expand water reuse. In accordance with the Act, Alpensia Resort and Bokwang Phoenix Park are establishing rainwater reclamation&reuse facilities, supplying watersaving equipments, and reusing treated wastewater, which are to be gradually expanded in the near future. Water reuse projects are also applied to new Olympic facilities in which rainwater reuse facilities and watersaving taps are installed.
Water Reuse Promotion Status
Reused treated Reuse WRR Rainwater Reuse Area Unit wastewater(1,000㎥/year) Ratio Facility(Number) Facility(Number)
All Nation Site 907,443 13% 431 965
Gangwon-do Site 33,060 16% 12 3
Pyeongchang-gun Site 655 21% 3 1
Gangneung-si Site 3,156 11% - -
Jeongseon-gun Site 173 5% 4 - Source : Statistics of Sewerage (2013)
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Water Reuse Plan of Host City
District Items Unit 2012 2013 2014 2015 WRR System Site - - - 1 Pyeongchang- Watersaving Equipment No. 216 216 216 216 gun Rainwater Reuse Facility Site - - - 1 Wastewater Reuse % 3 6 10 10 WRR System Site - - - 1 Watersaving Equipment No.1,462 1,462 1,462 1,462 Gangneung-si Rainwater Reuse Facility Site - 1 1 1 Wastewater Reuse % 6 8 10 10 WRR System Site - - - 1 Jeongseon-gu Watersaving Equipment No. 234 234 234 234 n Rainwater Reuse Facility Site - - - 1 Source : Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun
Olympic Stadia Water Reuse Plan
Storage Working Total Floor Area Roof area Type Stadium Capacity Expenses Note (㎡) (㎡) (㎡) (million KRW) Speed Skating 30,934 5,682 801 163 Figure Skating / Short 34,145 4,452 554 112 Track Run-off New Coefficient 0.85 Ice Hockey Ⅰ 19,518 5,290 634 129 Precipitation Ice Hockey Ⅱ 17,940 3,234 388 92 141.05
Repaired Curling 14,600 2,591 311 74 Source : Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Games
A reservoir for drinking water with the size of 1.94 million ton(L=167m, H=40m) is being constructed in the upriver region of Song-cheon in Hoenggye-ri, Daegwallyeong-myeon in order to resolve water shortage in the Pyeongchang Mountain Cluster region, and is scheduled to be completed in 2016. The existing filtration plant is being expanded from the original capacity of 4,000t/day to 7,000t/day by 2016 in order to stabilize drinking water supply system. 30.4 billion KRW, out of the total amount of 60 billion KRW was invested, as of the year-end of 2015.
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□ En 02-1 Air Quality
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview The emissions intensity of the pollutants in the atmosphere are continuously measured in accordance with the Clean Air Conservation Act, and the measurements of five years are stated in the Bid File, in relevance with the Olympic Games. 5 items of SO2, Co, NO2, O3 and PM10 are measured, which are assessed through comparison between Korean standards and WHO regulations. The air quality is determined by measuring the annual average level of five pollutants, air pollution level in winter, and the number of cases when the pollution level exceeds the acceptable limit. Data on national ambient air quality monitoring system is used. Real-time air pollution level of major points is analyzed by using data from Air Korea, a monitoring system provided by Korea Environment Corporation under the Ministry of Environment. According to the Air Environment Yearbook(2014) which is published based on these data, there are total number of 506 monitoring stations(257 urban air stations, 38 roadside stations, 3 national background concentration stations, 19 rural air stations, etc.) in 97 cities and district throughout the nation, in which air quality is measured every hour. There are 11 monitoring stations(7 urban, 4 rural), and among them one is in Gangneung-si and one is in Jeongseon-gun, two of the host cities. For national data, we used the national background concentration monitoring data of Gosan-ri, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju-si, and for Seoul we used the official city monitoring data. Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf. Analysis The pollution levels of the monitoring stations of the Host Cities(Gangneung-si and Jeongseon-gun) are similar or lower than that of Seoul, but O3 level was higher compared to the national background concentration monitoring data. Generally, the degree of air pollution in Host City is favorable in comparison with Seoul or national level, but the number of occasions when PM10 and O3 level exceeded the acceptable limit increased drastically in 2014 compared to 2013. In Jeongseon, where downhill race is hosted during the Games period, the O3 concentration level increased 30% in 2014, compared to 2013. The concentration level of pollutants in February and March when the Games is held is higher than the annual average, and SO2 and NO2 level of the Host Cities was higher during the same period compared with the national level. Impact Relevance M Rating G Confidence H It was discovered that the Hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has no direct relevance with the air quality of the Host Cities. Analysis results show that the pollutant concentration levels of Gangneung-si(CO) and Jeongseon-gun(SO2, PM10) increased compared to 2009, indicating that the air quality will gradually deteriorate. On the contrary, the hosting of the Games is considered to have a positive impact on the Host Cities' effort to monitor air quality. The Korea Environment Corporation plans to provide real-time air quality of each stadia through nearby monitoring stations or mobile monitoring vehicles, and conduct preventive education on stench-prone businesses nearby stadia, additional facilities and accommodations. And so the corporation is making efforts to reduce stench and promote safe Games and pleasant air condition through intensive control of stenchful facilities7).
7) Financial News(2015.3.6), POCOG Selects Collaborative Tasks on Olympic with the Korea Environmental Corporation (http://www.fnnews.com/news/201503060906132831)
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Air Quality Monitoring Stations in Gangwon-do
Established Name Type Location Year 1-92, Heul-ri, Ganseong-eup, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do (Dongwon Ganseong-eup 2011 Rural Nongsan Mountain) 339-1, Namyang-dong, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do(Namyang-dong Namyang-dong 1 2006 Urban Community Service Center Roof) 242-2, Myungnyun-dong, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do(Wonju Regional Myungnyun-dong 1992 Urban Environmental Office) 519-2, Songhyeon 1-ri. Bangsan-myeon, Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do, Bangsan-myeon 2000 Rural Bangsan reservoir Bukpyeong-myeon 2003 Rural 412-1,Nampyeong-ri, Bukpyeong-myeon, Jeongseon-gun. Gangwon-do Seoksa-dong 1994 Urban 322-1, Seoksa-dong, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do(Seoksa Fire House Roof) 327-2, Okcheon-dong, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do(Okcheon-dong Okcheon-dong 2000 Urban Community Service Center) 206-6, Hakseong-dong, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do(Jungang 2-dong Jungang-dong 1988 Urban Community Service Center) 67-1, Jungangro 3-ga, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do(Chuncheon Health Jungang-ro 2003 Urban Center Roof) Cheongok-dong 1996 Urban 806, Cheongok-dong, Donghae-si, Gangwon-do(Donghae City Hall Roof) 1538 Gangnim-ri(Chiak Mountain), Gangnim-myeon, Hoengseong-gun, Chiak-san 2007 Rural Gangwon-do (Gangnim-myeon Office Roof) Source : Air korea Website(http://www.airkorea.or.kr), Ministry of Environment
Air Quality Standards
Description ROK Standard WHO Standard Measuring Method Annual Average Below 0.02ppm Sulfur Dioxide 20㎍/㎥ 24H Average Below 0.05ppm Pulse U.V. Fluorescence Method (SO2) (24H Average) Hourly Average Below 0.15ppm Carbon Oxide 8H Average Below 9ppm 8.6ppm Non-Dispersive Infrared Method (CO) Hourly Average Below 25ppm (8H Average) Annual Average Below 0.03ppm Nitrogen Dioxide 0.021ppm 24H Average Below 0.06ppm Chemiluminescent Method (NO2) (Annual Average) Hourly Average Below 0.10ppm Annual Average Below 50㎍/㎥ 50(㎍/m3) PM10 β-Ray Absorption Method 24H Average Below 100㎍/㎥ (Daily Average) Annual Average Below 25㎍/㎥ 25㎍/㎥ Gravimetric Concentration or equivalent PM2.5 24H Average Below 50㎍/㎥ (Daily Average) automated method Ozone 8H Average Below 0.06ppm 0.05ppm U.V Photometric Method (O3) Hourly Average Below 0.1ppm (8H Average) Lead Annual Average Below 0.5㎍/㎥ 0.5㎍/㎥ (Annual Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Pb) Average) Benzene Annual Average Below 5㎍/㎥ Gas Chromatography Source : Air korea Website(http://www.airkorea.or.kr), Ministry of Environment
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Annual Average Concentration Level of 5 Air Pollutants
Source : Air Environment Yearbook(Ministry of Environment, 2009~2014)
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□ En 02-2 GHG Emission Induced By the Olympic·Paralympic Games
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
This indicator measures the level of greenhouse gas emissions which affect climate change. The emission level of CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs, HFCs, and SF6 were calculated by using GHG types, emission scopes(scope1, scope2), calculation tools, and GWP as stated in IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Also, national emission factors were applied for the calculation of caloric value of electricity and fuel, in accordance with international standard Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf.
Analysis
The total GHG emission of Korea in 2013 was 694.5 million CO2eq, which showed 0.9% increase from the total emission of 688.3 million CO2eq of 2012. The year-on-year growth of GHG emission of 2013 was lower than the GDP annual growth rate of 2.8%, meaning that the decreasing tendency was maintained, in line with 2012 statistics(National Greenhouse Gas Inventory). Various factors such as fulfillment of GHG&Energy Management system, increase in the usage of liquefied natural gas(LNG) and high oil price are judged to be responsible for such phenomenon(National Greenhouse Gas Inventory). The categories which showed increase in GHG emission in 2013 was energy, industry, and waste, with the increase rate of 1.5%, 2.5%, and 1.4% respectively, compared to 2012. The absorbed amount of LULUCF(Land Use, Land Use Change, Forestry) decreased by 15.7% compared to the previous year. The Republic of Korea has set the goal to reduce 30% of BAU in 2020, which is 813 million CO2eq, and is making efforts for reduction of GHG emission by commencing the Carbon Emission Trading Scheme in January 12, 2015. The total GHG emission of 2015 increased 16.2% compared to 2009, with energy, industry, and waste showing growth rate of 17.7%, 13.1%, and 3.4% respectively, and agriculture and LULUCF showing -5.0% and -21.6% respectively. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
The Republic of Korea and the Host Cities have set GHG reduction goals by each administrations, making efforts side by side. Also, the zero GHG keynote of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, the impact of the Games is considered tremendous. Also, POSCO and SK Energy has donated 75,321t of CER to PyeongChang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Game in December 16, 2015, which is equivalent to the power generated for a year by sixty 1MW wind power generators. This will also contribute to the realization of zero GHG emission of the Olympic Games8).
8) POSCO Blog(http://blog.posco.com/2008)
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Indoor air quality control is crucial, considering that people spend 90% of their life indoors. This is also the case for the Olympic Games as most of the events are held indoors. The Republic of Korea is constantly controlling the indoor air quality of public use facilities and public utilization facilities through establishment of Indoor Air Quality Control in Public Use Facilities, etc. Act and Public Health Control Act. Real-time indoor air quality information system will be established to control indoor air quality and provide relevant information during the Games-period.
The indoor air quality is controlled by 「Indoor Air Quality Control in Public Use Facilities, etc. Act」and 「Public Health Control Act」, under which the stadia, Olympic Village, Media Village, IBC/MPC and other facilities will be thoroughly managed accordingly. The ten pollutants of indoor air quality are: PM-10, Carbon Dioxide(CO2), Formaldehyde, Total Airborne Bacteria(TAB), Carbon Monoxide(CO), Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2), Radon(Rn), Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs), Asbestos, and Ozone(O3).
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Maintenance/Recommended Standards under Indoor Air Quality Control in Public Use Facilities, etc. Act
Formalde Pollutants PM-10 CO2 TAB CO Category hyde (㎍/㎥) (ppm) (CFU/㎥) (ppm) (㎍/㎥) Public Use Facilities Underground station, underground shopping arcade, bus terminal waiting room, railway station waiting room, airport passenger terminal, seaport waiting room, Below 150 - libraryㆍmuseum, funeral hall, Indoor Air bathhouse, large sized store, Below 10 Quality cinema, private institutions, Below 1,000 Below 100 Maintenance exhibition facility, internet and Standard1) computer game service facility Medical Institution, Daycare center, Nursing home, Below 100 Below 800 Postnatal care centre
Indoor Parking lot Below 200 - Below 25
Pollutants NO2 Rn VOCs Asbestos O3 (ppm) (Bq/㎥) (㎍/㎥) (ea/cc) (ppm) Public Use Facilities
Underground station, underground shopping arcade, bus terminal waiting room, railway station waiting room, airport passenger terminal, seaport waiting Indoor Air room, Below 500 Quality libraryㆍmuseum, funeral hall, Recommende bathhouse, large sized store, Below 0.05 Below 0.06 d Standard2) cinema, private institutions, Below 148 Below 0.01 exhibition facility, internet and computer game service facility
Medical Institution, Daycare center, Nursing home, Below 400 Postnatal care centre
Indoor Parking lot Below 0.30 Below 1,000 Below 0.08
1 : For libraries, private institutions and internet and computer game service facilities which cannot ventilate naturally and use ventilation machinery, the standard value of CO2 is below 1,500ppm. 2 : The definition of Volatile Organic Compounds shall refer to fair examination standards on Article 6 Clause 1 Subclause 3 of 「Environmental Examination and Inspection Act」. Source : Enforcement Rule of Environmental Examination and Inspection Act, Article 3 Table 2, Article 4 Table 3
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Public use facilities as stated under「Indoor Air Quality Control in Public Use Facilities, etc. Act」are categorized into 25 types. The total number of public use facilities in Gangwon-do and the Republic of Korea is increasing every year, and Gangwon-do accounts for 2.3% of the total number of public use facilities in the Republic of Korea.
Categories of Facilities : Underground station, underground shopping arcade, bus terminal waiting room, railway station waiting room, airport passenger terminal, seaport waiting room, library, museum, funeral hall, bathhouse, large sized store, cinema, private institution, exhibition facility, internet and computer game service facility Source : Environmental Statistics Portal, Ministry of Environment(http://stat.me.go.kr)
Air qualities of selected public use facilities are measured annually. While majority of facilities meet the demands, some decrepit facilities exceed the standards. The average indoor air quality of the Republic of Korea is below the standards as of 2012, and is constantly improving.
Average Indoor Air Quality of Korean Public Use Facilities
Pollutants 2009 2010 2011 2012
Monitoring Stations(Site) 1,514 1,507 2,694 2,576
PM-10(㎍/㎥) 55.3 48.6 48.5 49.3
CO2(ppm) 536.4 505.1 500.0 585.9
Formaldehyde(㎍/㎥) 24.9 29.2 31.2 22.5
TAB(CFU/㎥) 401.8 390.5 398.5 531.5
CO(ppm) 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.0
N2O(ppm) 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Radon(pCi/ℓ) 0.5 0.7 0.7 41.7
VOCs(㎍/㎥) 261.4 224.2 205.9 277.9
Asbestos(ea/cc) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O3(ppm)0.010.010.010.01
Source : Environmental Statistics Portal, Ministry of Environment(http://stat.me.go.kr)
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The average indoor air quality of Gangwon-do, where PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is hosted, meets the maintenance standards as of 2013, and is below average of the whole nation.
Average Indoor Air Quality of Public Use Facilities in Gangwon-do
Pollutants 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Regular Monitoring Stations(Site) 32 37 35 60 59
PM-10(㎍/㎥) 40.3 32.3 32.2 30.1 29.8
CO2(ppm) 487.4 524.4 519.5 407.6 491.7
Formaldehyde(㎍/㎥)2331.722.720.623.7
TAB(CFU/㎥) 190 324.2 439.6 440.3 448
CO(ppm) 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.5
N2O(ppm) 0.02 0.021 - - -
Radon(pCi/ℓ) 0.4 - - - -
VOCs(㎍/㎥) 178.4 355.1 - - -
Asbestos(ea/cc) 0.001 0.01미만 - - -
O3(ppm) 0.019 0.012 - - -
Source : Institute of Health and Environment Yearbook(Gangwon Institute of Health and Environment, 2009~2013)
Public Utilization Facilities are categorized into 6 types under「Public Health Control Act」, which are business facility, public performance place, private teaching institute, large-scale store, wedding hall, and indoor athletic facility. There are 359 public utilization facilities in Gangwon-do, which is 2% of the total number, and 7 indoor athletic facilities with more than 1,000 seats, which is 6% of the total number.
Public Utilization Facility Status
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
All Nation 15,395 16,370 16,703 17,183 17,506 18,929 Total Gangwon-do 289 346 352 353 355 359
Category : business facility, public performance place, private teaching institute, large-scale store, wedding hall, and indoor athletic facility Source : Korea Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
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There are 4 pollutants which should not appear in public utilization facilities as defined under article 9, paragraph 2 of the「Enforcement Rule of the Public Health Control Act」. The standards stated in this paragraph is relatively lower than the maintenance standard of the indoor air quality of public use facilities.
Pollutant Standards of Public Utilization Facilities
Types of Public Utilization Facilities Types of Pollutants Permissible Standards
PM-10 24H average below 150㎍/㎥ business facility, public performance place, private CO Hourly average below 25ppm teaching institute, large-scale store, wedding hall, and indoor athletic CO2 Hourly average below 1,000ppm facility Formaldehyde(HCHO) Hourly average below 120㎍/㎥
Source : Public Health Control Act
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□ En 03-1 Changes in Land Use Induced by the Olympic Games
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
By categorizing the lands in the Olympic Games venue into forest, farmland, pasture, wetland, residential area, and others based on the purpose and form of the land, temporary and permanent land use changes of each use district caused by Olympic Games are measured. Presentation
□ See tables overleaf.
Analysis
In 2014, total land area of Gangwon-do was 16,825.6㎢, accounting for 16.8% of the territory of Republic of Korea. Total area of the Republic of Korea is continuously increasing due to various reasons such as land reclamation of public water and inclusion of unregistered border areas. Land area shows low increase rate of less than 1% per a year, but is constantly increasing. Compared to 2009, total area of the Republic of Korea and Gangwon-do in 2014 increased by 0.4% and 1.3%, respectively. Forest accounts for 64% of the total area of the Republic of Korea, while fields accounting for 12%, and paddies accounting for 8%. In Gangwon-do, 82% is forest. Pyeongchang, Gangneung, and Jeongseon also have high ratio of forest to total areas by 84%, 81%, and 85%, respectively. The most distinctive point of land use change in the Republic of Korea is the rapid increase of park. Area of park in 2009 was 118.6㎢, but it was 175㎢ in 2013, which shows 47.6% increase. Increase in the area of park also occurred commonly in Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, and Gangneung-si, as the three administrations showed 62.5%, 45.7%, and 120.7% increase, respectively. Also, area of roads increased by 1.5% annually. Athletic site also increased greatly. In 2013, area of nationwide athletic sites showed 23% increase from 237㎢ in 2009 to 292.1㎢. For Gangwon-do and the Host Cities, compared to 2009, there were 32.5% increase in Gangwon-do, 35.9% increase in Pyeongchang-gun, 0.5% in Gangneung-si, and 2,925.5% increase in Jeongseon-gun(46,612㎡ in 2009, 1,410,231㎡ in 2013). The whole nation, Gangwon-do, and the Host Cities all experienced the decrease in the area of paddies. Total area of paddies in the whole nation decreased by 2.3%, from 11,895㎢ in 2009 to 11,620㎢ in 2013. Gangwon-do and Host Cities, Pyeongchang, Gangneung, and Jeongseon, have shown decrease of 4.4%, 25.1%, 4.5%, and 5.5%, respectively. Impact Relevance H Rating R Confidence M
It is expected that changes in the land use of the Host Cities caused by the host of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games would be very significant. The decrease in the area of productive greens can be considered as the negative impact of hosting of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games. Also in 2010, before the election of Pyeongchang as the Host City of Olympic Games, land transactions, focused on benefitting regions, based on the speculation demand of outsiders, rapidly increased. It is highly concerned that real estate market in corresponding region could be disrupted by the speculative land transactions and rising land values aiming special demands for Olympic Games after the election of Pyeongchang9).
9) Research Institute for Gangwon(2011), Comprehensive Development Strategy for Gangwon-do in Respect to 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games
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□ En 03-2 Land Use Changes in Protected Areas
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
Protected areas are areas designated under the law provisions or regulations in order to protect natural environment or cultural environment such as natural ecosystem, natural landscape, and cultural heritage site in corresponding area from development or damaging. Since there were changes in the sites due to the host of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games, Protected areas are used as an indicators. All parts of territory of Republic of Korea are designated one of four use districts of urban area, management area, agricultural area, and nature reserve, based on the consideration upon land use status, land use characteristic, and future land use direction of corresponding area. Urban area is where population and industries are or are expected to be very concentrated that systematic development, organization, management, and preservation are needed. Management area is an area which is systematically managed like urban area in order to accommodate population and industry of the urban area, or is treated like agricultural area or nature reserve in order to promote agriculture, or preserve natural environment or forest. Agricultural area refers to areas which is not urban area, such as agricultural development region under 『Farmland Act, or conservation forest under Management of 『Management of Mountainous Districts Act』, and is the area needed for promotion of agriculture and preservation of forest. Natural environment conservation area refers to the area needed for preservation of natural environment, water resource, seashore, ecosystem, water source, and cultural heritage, and protection and fostering of fishery resources.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf.
Analysis
Use zones of Gangwon-do in 2014 consists of 6% of urban area, 19.2% of management area, 64.6% of agricultural area, and 10.2% of natural environment conservation area. Compared to 2009, management area showed 2%p increase, and urban area increased by 0.1%p, while agricultural area decreased by 1.2%p, natural environment conservation area decreased by 0.9%p. Gangwon-do has high proportion of agricultural area and natural environment conservation area of as much as 17%p higher than the national level in the same year. Even in Host Cities, proportion of agricultural area and natural environment conservation area was over 70%, showing similar pattern. Therefore, Gangwon-do has low proportion of urban area and management area of approximately 25%, which is 17%p lower than the national level. Proportions of urban area and management area in the Host Cities were 25.5%, 26.8%, and 22.0%(in the order of Pyeongchang, Gangneung, and Jeongseon), respectively, which is low compared to the national level. For Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun, compared to Gangneung-si, proportion of urban area was low, and Pyeongchang-gun had higher proportion of management area. Pyeongchang-gun's management area was 356.9㎢(24.4%), which is broader than 196.6㎢ of Gangneung-si and 226㎢ of Jeongseon-gun. Natural
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environment conservation area in Jeongseon-gun was 8.1㎢, 0.7%, which is significantly smaller than other Host Cities. Compared to 2009, total management area of the nation increased by 7%, but agricultural area decreased by 3%. Management area increased by 1,871㎢, but agricultural area decreased by 1,675㎢. And this is also the case in Gangwon-do, where the management area increased by 12% compared to 2009, and agricultural area and nature reserve decreased by 2% and 8%, respectively. Compared to 2009, urban area and management area in Pyeongchang-gun increased by 8% and 7%, respectively. In Gangneung-si, compared to 2009, urban area and management area increased by 9% and 11%, respectively. Natural environment conservation area in Jeongseon-gun decreased from 17.2㎢ in 2009 to 8.1㎢ in 2014(-53%). Other than the natural environment conservation areas defined under "National Land Planning and Utilization Act" of Republic of Korea, many protected areas are designated and managed under other various law provisions. Representative protected areas are as follows(Since these protected areas may overlap, there could be differences from actual land areas):
◦ Ecological and Scenery Conservation Area : Means an area worthy of special conservation as it is ecologically important having abundant biological diversity, or as it has beautiful natural scenery Currently, 33 conservation areas of 283.542㎢, are designated in Republic of Korea.(As of December, 2015) ◦ Wetland Protection Area : Means an area worthy of special conservation as it has native continuity or rich biodiversity. Currently, 36 sites, 356.045㎢, are designated as Wetland Protection Area, and among them 21 sites or 186.228㎢, are designated as Ramsar Wetlands.(in January 2016) ◦ Specified Island : Out of 2,679 uninhabited islands in Republic of Korea, close investigation on ecosystem was conducted on 641 islands in which the natural environments(islands with inhabitation of endangered or protected species, excellent topographical feature or landscape, or excellent distribution of vegetation) are excellent. Among those islands, islands with high value for preservation are specifically designated as protected areas. Although 230 islands, 12.238㎢, are designated, there is no specific island in Gangwon-do.(in December 2015) ◦ Special Protection District for Wildlife : Area especially in need of conservation to protect and reproduce endangered wildlife. 379 sites, 946.9164㎢, are designated.(in July 2014) ◦ Natural Park : It is an area worthy of representing the natural ecosystem, nature and cultural scenery. Natural parks are categorized into national park, do park, and gun park. 21 national parks of 6,656.246㎢, 30 do parks of 1,135.943㎢, and 30 gun parks of 237.751㎢ are designated.(in 2014) ◦ Cultural Heritage Site or Cultural Heritage Protection Area : It refers to a site(area) designated as a national heritage such as national treasure, treasure, historical site, historical site and scenic point, scenic point, natural monument, important folklore material, or important intangible cultural heritage. It is not applied to movable cultural heritages such as archives, pottery, and metalwork, but to land or forest where corresponding cultural heritage is located. In 2014, 1,396㎢ was designated in Republic of Korea. ◦ Baekdudaegan Protection Area : It is an area in Baekdudaegan Mountain Range requiring special protection. This system was enacted in order to prevent the damage on Baekdudaegan Mountain Range which stretches from Paektu Mountain to Jiri Mountain, through Kumgang Mountain, Seorak Mountain, Taebaek Mountain, and Sobaek Mountain. Areas of 2,634.3㎢(vital area of 1,699.5㎢ and buffer area of 934.8㎢) whose special needs for protection of ecosystem, landscape, or forest are recognized are designated.(in September 2005) ◦ Forest Conservation Area : For the prevention of production and seed gathering of wood, disaster, and environmental pollution, area with need for preservation as a forest is designated as forest conservation area.
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Areas of 49,403㎢ are designated as forest conservation area.(in 2013) ◦ Development Restriction Zone : It is a green area which was designated in order to maintain the scenery of a city and preserve the environment. It is also known as greenbelt and is categorized into productive green and barrier green. In development restriction area, construction and expansion of building, land use change, land cover change, and land division are restrained. Areas of 3,866㎢ are designated. (in December 2013. No corresponding area designation in Gangwon-do.) Other than those, Gangwon-do designated many areas as water source protection area and plays a paramount role in the supply of clean water. In Republic of Korea, 309 sites, 1,180,823,000㎡, are designated as water source protection area. Among those, Gangwon-do holds 54 sites(17.5%), 99,244,000㎡(8.4%). The reason for imbalance between many sites and small land area in Gangwon-do is that many areas area designated as other protected areas so that they are not included in water source protection areas. It is found that there area hardships in development since many areas are designated as water source protection area. Regarding the water source protection area of Host Cities, there are 5 sites of 2,432,000㎡ in Pyeongchang-gun, which account for 2.5% of total water source protection areas of Gangwon-do, Gangneung-si holds 3 sites of 2,865,000㎡, which is 2.9% of total water source protection areas of Gangwon-do, and Jeongseon-gun holds 5 sites of 5,657,000㎡, which is 5.7% of total water source protection areas of Gangwon-do. Ministry of Environment graded lands by examining the ecological value, naturalness, and scenic value and designated the protected area. Grade 1 area is protected area, grade 2 area is damage minimized area, grade 3 area is development area, and special management area is legal protected area. Higher proportion of grade 1 area and special management area means larger area to be preserved. Nationwide land area of grade 1 areas is 7,486㎢, and Gangwon-do holds 3,891㎢ from the land area, which is 52%. Land area of Gangwon-do designated in ecological and natural map is 16,947㎢, which is 17% of nationwide land area. This means that Gangwon-do's ratio of grade 1 area to designated land area is high, which is excellence in natural environment. Examining by region, in nationwide scale, grade 2 and 3 area accounts for 84%(84,907㎢) of ecological and natural map with the total area of 101,165㎢, while grade 1 area and special management area accounts for 7% and 9%, respectively. For Gangwon-do, 6,409㎢ out of 16,947㎢, which is 38%, is grade 1 area and special management area, and this means that the ratio of area to be preserved to designated area is high. Also, Host Cities has high ratio of grade 1 area and special management area. Pyeongchang-gun holds 683㎢, which is 47% of total land area, Gangneung-si holds 474㎢, which is 46% of total land area, and Jeongseon-gun holds 545㎢, which is 45% of total land area. Many areas are designated as protected areas.
Impact Relevance H Rating R Confidence H It was analyzed that the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is highly relevant to the changes in protected areas such as natural environment conservation areas. Result of analysis has shown that hosting of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games poses negative impact, as decrease of protected areas occur in Host Cities. However, efforts to create virtuous cycle through PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games, such as protection of alternative areas, are also being promoted. In accordance with the Special Act on Support for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games enacted in 2012, Korea Forest Service lifted the designation of Gariwang Mountain Protected Area for Forest Genetic Resource Conservation, where endemic species of Korea such as Korean woodland peony and
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Viola diamantica Nakai which are designated as endangered wildlifes by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources(IUCN), grow naturally, under the condition of restoring the downhill race stadium site after the end of the Olympic Winter Games.10) Moonsoon Choi, the incumbent governor of Gangwon-do, commented that complete restoration of Gariwang Mountain is technically difficult but larger alternative protected area was designated in restorable area and the protection has commenced.11) Also, regarding the protected area, Vision, Games Concept and Strategy to host the Games(bid 6) is being fulfilled.
10) M Economy News(November 10, 2015), ‘What Is Going on with 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games? (http://www.m-economynews.com/news/article.html?no=14107) 11) No Cut News(February 2, 2016), Moonsoon Choi, “100% restoration of Gariwang Mountain, Jeongseon is difficult” (http://www.nocutnews.co.kr/news/4542088)
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Use District Designation Status
Ratio in Division 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2014(%)
Jeong Urban Area 42.6 42.6 42.6 42.6 42.6 42.6 3.5 seon Management Area 241.7 223.7 223.8 223.8 223.8 226.0 18.5 -gun Agricultural Area 919.1 946.2 946.2 946.1 946.2 943.9 77.3 (㎢) Natural environment 17.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 0.7 conservation area Note : Since the land area based on use district includes reclaimed lands currently under the reclamation process, there is a difference to the land area of administrative territory. Source : Korea Statistical Information Service (KOSIS, http://kosis.kr) and City Planning Statistics from City Portal(http://www.city.go.kr), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport
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Status of Major Protected Areas in Republic of Korea
Division 2011 2012 2013 Total(㎢) 67,101.1 67,268.9 67,345.6 Ecological Scenery and Conservation Area(㎢) : Natural Environment 354.5 354.5 283.5 Conservation Act Wetland Protection Area(㎢) : Wetlands Conservation Act 336.6 336.6 337.2 Specified Island(㎢) : Special Act on Ecosystem Preservation in Island 10.5 10.8 11.8 Areas including Dokdo Island Special Protection District for Wildlife(㎢) : Wildlife Protection and 26.2 262.2 262.2 Management Act Protection District for Wildlife(㎢) : Wildlife Protection and Management 893.3 898.8 946.9 Act Natural Park(㎢) : Natural Parks Act 7,858.0 7,858.0 7,858.0 Cultural Heritage Site or Cultural Heritage Protection Area(㎢) : Cultural 1,626.0 1,626.0 1,626.0 Heritage Protection Act Conservation Forest (Forest Conservation Area)(㎢) : Management of 49,473.0 49,414.0 49,403.0 Mountainous Districts Act Baekdudaegan Protection Area(㎢) : Act on the Protection of 2,634.0 2,634.0 2,751.0 Baekdu-Jiri Grand Mountain Ranges Development Restriction Zone(㎢) : Urban Planning Act 3,889.0 3,874.0 3,866.0 Source : Environmental Statistics Yearbook(Korea Forest Service, 2011-2013), retrieved from the Environmental Statistics Portal(http://stat.me.go.kr), Ministry of Environment
Status of Major Protected Areas in Gangwon-do
Division Status Dong River basin 72.845㎢, Hasidong·Anin sand dune 0.235㎢, Daedeok Ecological and Scenery Mountain·Geumdaebong 4.20㎢, Conservation Area Sohan Valley 0.104㎢ Wetland Protection Area Daeam Mountain Yong Swamp 1.360㎢, Hanbando Wetland 1.988㎢ Specified Island - Special Wildlife Protection Area - Wildlife Protection Area 29 sites, 102.0845㎢ are designated National park : Seorak Mountain 398.237㎢, Odae Mountain 326.348㎢, Chiak Mountain 175.668㎢ Natural Park Provincial park : Nak Mountain 8.682㎢, Gyeongpo 6.865㎢, Taebaek Mountain 17.440㎢ County park : Ami Mountain 3.160㎢, Daei-ri 3.660㎢, Byeongbang Mountain 0.500㎢
Cultural Heritage Site Occupies approximately 25% of nationwide protection area in Republic of Korea, or Cultural Heritage Protection Area 407.3㎢
Gangneung-si 293.8, Donghae-si 41.6, Taebaek-si 51.2, Sokcho-si 41.0, Baekdudaegan Protection Area(㎢) Samcheok-si 93.3, Hongcheon-gun 89.1, Yeongwol-gun 42.1, Pyeongchang-gun 113.3, Jeongseon-gun 60.5, Inje-gun 276.3, Goseong-gun 94.8, Yangyang-gun 142.2 Conservation Forest Occupies approximately 24% of nationwide conservation forest in Republic of (Forest Conservation Area) Korea. 11,846.4㎢ Development Restriction Zone - Source : Utilized internal materials from Ministry of Environment, Korea Forest Service, and Gangwon-do
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Designated Water Source Protection Areas
Designated Land Area 2013 Sites (1,000㎡) All Nation 309 1,180,823
Gangwon-do 54 99,244
Pyeongchang-gun 5 2,432
Gangneung-si 3 2,865
Jeongseon-gun 5 5,657 Source : Press Release from the Ministry of Environment
Ecological and Natural Map Designation
Special Division Grade 1(㎢) Grade 2(㎢) Grade 3(㎢) Management Total(㎢) Area(㎢) All Nation 7,485.6 43,102.2 41,805.2 8,772.7 101,165.7
Jeongseon-gun 445.5 391.6 282.2 99.3 1,218.7 Source : Environmental Geospatial Information Service(http://egis.me.go.kr), Ministry of Environment
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□ En 03-3 Endangered Wildlifes
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
The 12th Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) was held in Pyeongchang in 2014. Major objectives of CBD are 1) conservation of biological diversity, 2) sustainable use of its components, and 3) the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, which is in line with the impacts of environmental Olympic Games in various aspects. Continuous evaluation is needed in order for the hosting of CBD to lead to the conservation of biodiversity and further lead to the impacts of 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf. Analysis
Gangwon-do plans to restore endangered wildlifes through the establishment of Northern Restoration Center of Species Restoration Technology Institute in Inje-gun. In Gangwon-do, restoration projects would be conducted in Odae Mountain, Seorak Mountain, Chiak Mountain, and DMZ, and formation of alternative habitats for restoration of ecosystem near abandoned mines and limestone mines in Jeongseon and Gangneung would also be promoted. Therefore, in the case where the preservation of endangered wildlifes within the habitat is difficult or threatened, Republic of Korea supports the preservation through designation of "Exo-habitat Conservation Institute" for proliferation and restoration of the species. In Gangwon-do, 5 designated conservation institutes of Korea Preservation Society of Goat and Musk Deer, Gangwon-do Natural Environment Research Park, Korea Botanic Garden, Holoce Ecosystem Conservation Research Institution, and Insect Ecology Research Center, exist. Pyeongchang Korea Botanic Garden is preserving 16 endangered plants including Korean woodland peony, watershield plant, and Siberian ginseng. Also, since the release of 10 couples of Parnassius bremeri and consecutive releases of 20 couples in 2012 and 30 couples in June 2015, Hoengseong Holoce Ecosystem Conservation Research Institution is gathering the attentions from domestic media as a successful example of restoration. Last year, Yanggu Korea Preservation Society of Goat and Musk Deer succeeded in the proliferation of 3 possessing goats. In May 2012, Insect Ecology Research Center affiliated with Yeongwol Insectarium succeeded in artificial proliferation of Callipogon Relictus for the first time in the world, and provided the foundation for the species restoration. Also, in September 2013, larva was input to exterior "cage" experiment, and eclosed in May 2015, which is the first success of artificial proliferation of the species in the world. Gangwon-do Natural Environment Research Park in Hongcheon promoted habitat restoration of Viola websteri Hemsl, Korean chickweed-wintergreen, Polygonatum stenophyllum MAX., and Echinosophora koreensis (Nakai) Nakai. Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M It is found that there is not much relevance between the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games and the endangered species, with only intermediate-level relativity. Approximately 2,716 species of wildlifes inhabit DMZ areas near Host Cities. Although the areas are recognized as "repository of ecosystem" domestically and overseas due to its biodiversity and ecological value, systematic ecosystem conservation and wise use measures are needed since various development plans utilizing its affluent ecological, historical, cultural, and security resources are established or promoted.12) Meanwhile, PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games is making efforts to comply with provisions of Vision, Games Concept and Strategy to host the Games(bid 6) through the host of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games.
12) Research Institute for Gangwon(2011), Comprehensive Development Strategy for Gangwon-do in Respect to 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games
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Restoration Plan for Endangered Wildlifes in Gangwon-do
Amphibian Region Mammal Bird Insect Terrestrial Plant · Reptile Chiak Amur rat Siberian ginseng, Korean white iris, Korean -- Copris tripartitus Mountain snake monk's hood
Odae Callipogon Musk deer - - Siberian ginseng, Korean white iris Mountain Relictus Korea edelweiss, Korean spotted lady's slipper, arctous ruber, Korean monk's hood, Siberian ginseng, Rhododendron aureum Lynx, Seorak Georgi, Korean chickweed-wintergreen, Manchurian -- Mountain Leontice microrhyncha S. Moore, Lilium sika deer cernuum Kom, Thalictrum coreanum H. Lév., Smilacina bicolor Nakai White-bellied Musk deer, woodpecker, Gymnopleurus DMZ - Endangered plants inhabiting in the region otter black-faced mopsus spoonbill Source : Environmental Statistics Portal (http://stat.me.go.kr), Ministry of Environment
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□ En 03-4 Case Study : Jeongseon Alpine Center and Alternative Afforestation
〈Case 1: Jeongseon Alpine Center and Alternative Afforestation〉
Certain level of changes in land use occur in order to host the Olympic Games. Facility which caused the greatest environmental concern in 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games would be Jeongseon Alpine Center. Joongbong is a representative protected area(forest genetic resource conservation area), but partial damage is inevitable for the construction of the stadium. For the hosting of environmental Olympic Games, efforts such as alternative afforestation and designation of new protected areas as broad as the damaged areas would be made.
Regarding the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, the facility which caused the biggest environmental concern would be Jeongseon Alpine Center, where parts of sites for the center are designated as forest genetic resource conservation areas13). In May 2013, 78.3ha, approximately 3% out of total land area of Gariwang Mountain Protected Area for Forest Genetic Resource Conservation(San 400, Sugam-ri, Bukpyeong-myeon, Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea), 2,432ha, was lifted of the designation. For the protection of major vegetations, many major flora species were protected through changing the slope course and trees expected to be damaged were preserved by transplantation. 121 trees of species with value for preservation such as Japanese yew, Khingan Fir, and fir were transplanted. Oaks which exist commonly all around the nation were excluded from transplantation.
Designation of Forest Genetic Resource Conservation Area(End of December 2014)
Area Division Description Site (ha) Area grouped as natural forest floor without any human influence in the past Primeval Forest 68 8,568.8 and present or area where such forest floor takes 50% or more Area where alpine plants are growing as group or area where such forest Alpine Area 5 1,558.22 floor takes 50% or more Unique Forest Area where landscape is excellent and rare plants grow as a major species Floor in Republic group or forest floor that harmonizes with strange rocks and bizarre stones is 69 22,100 of Korea formed, or area where such forest floor takes 50% or more Area where endangered plant in accordance to「Protection of Wild Fauna and Flora Act Enforcement Regulation」 or endangered and rare plants in Rare Species accordance to「Native Plant and Forest Genetic Resource Conservation Area 183 54,725.8 Habitat Management Guideline」, and species listed in Native Plant List grow as a group or area where such species takes 50% or more Area where native plants with value as food or medicine or economic value, Useful Plant or plants with potential use grow as a group or area where such plants takes 55 2,499.71 Habitat 50% or more Mountainous Areas which are mountainous wetland or mountainous stream in inland 115 2,000.4 Wetland and wetland in accordance to 「Wetlands Conservation Act」, or area needed for
13) In the Republic of Korea, mayors, governors, and local forest services designate the forest genetic resource conservation area, in order to preserve the gene and species of the forest ecosystem. Forest genetic resource conservation areas are categorized into 7 categories including primeval forest, alpine area, and rare plant habitat.
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Area Division Description Site (ha) Mountainous the preservation and protection of area above, and are located within the Stream natural border such as ridge. Natural Area which is recognized as essential land for preservation of forest Ecosystem ecosystem, such as area that should be protected for preservation and 137 58,864.67 Preservation maintenance of natural environment within the forest, fauna and flora Area ecosystem Total 632 150,317 Source : Korea Forest Service website(http://www.forest.go.kr)
Among 632 forest genetic resource conservation areas in the Republic of Korea, 93 sites, 5,815ha, were designated by local administrations, while 539 sites, 144,502ha, were designated by Korea Forest Service. Total area of 103,617ha was designated in Gangwon-do, which is 69% of total land area.
Status of Forest Genetic Resource Conservation Area Designation in Each Region of Republic of Korea(at the End of December 2014)
Gyeonggi Division Seoul BusanDaegu Incheon GwangjuDaejeonUlsan Sejong -do Local Sites - - 5 5 - 4 - 1 1 Authority Land Area(ha) - - 7.3 9 - 8.4 - 1 200 Korea Sites - 11 - 1 - - 4 - 4 Forest Land Area(ha) - 557.3 - 1.5 - - 813.2 - 145.9 Service Chung Chung Gyeong Gyeong Gangwon Jeollabuk- Jeollanam Division cheong cheong sangbuk sangnam- Jeju-do Total -do do -do buk-do nam-do -do do Local Sites 14 1 2 - 18 29 13 - 93 Authority Land Area(ha) 513.5 1 165 - 48.65 4,782.5 78.7 - 5,815.1 Korea Sites 142 26 6 25 102 117 60 41 539 Forest Land Area(ha) 103,103.1 2,308.9 619.9 489.1 3,139.3 29,802.3 2,900.7 621.13 144,502.4 Service Source : Korea Forest Service website(http://www.forest.go.kr)
Pyeongchang, Gangneung, and Jeongseon, which are the Host Cities of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games, also possess affluent forest resources and many protected areas are designated and managed. 19 sites of 2,858.5ha were designated in Pyeongchang-gun, 15 sites, 282.26ha, in Gangneung-si, and 18 sites, 3,046ha, in Jeongseon-gun. Total number of protected areas in 3 Host Cities is 6,186.5ha, which accounts for 6% of protected areas in Gangwon-do, and 4.1% of the national level.
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Status of Forest Genetic Resource Conservation Area Designation in Host Cities of Olympic Winter Games(at the End of December 2014) (Unit : sites, ha) Host City Category Total Pyeongchang-gun Gangneung-si Jeongseon-gun 1 1 Unique Forest Floor -- (43) (43) 7 7 10 24 Rare Species Habitat (271) (178) (2,971.68) (3,420.68) Mountainous Wetland and 8 7 7 22 Mountainous Stream (90.5) (34.2) (39) (163.7) Natural Ecosystem 3 1 1 5 Preservation Area (2,454) (70.06) (35.07) (2,559.13) 19 15 18 52 Total (2,858.5) (282.26) (3,045.75) (6,186.51) Source : Korea Forest Service website(http://www.forest.go.kr)
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□ En 04-1 Venue Development and Design Strategy
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
The venue development and design strategy of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is minimizing construction of new facilities in order to minimize environmental overload of construction and aim for sustainable development. The venue for the Olympic Winter Games includes training and games facilities such as ski slope, tracks and ice rinks, opening and closing ceremonial hall, and the Olympic Village and Media Village. The measurement for this indicator is made based on the venues' name, capacity, year of construction, size, post-Games application, progress and plans.
Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf.
Analysis
Design, construction, and management of all facilities are planned to maximize utilization efficiency and enable sustainable development, in order for the successful hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games to take place. Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Games is making efforts to minimize construction of new facilities by maximizing the utilization of existing facilities. Newly constructed stadia are categorized to two snow-based venues(Jeongseon Alpine Centre, Alpensia Sliding Centre) and four ice-based venues(Gangneung Oval, Gangneung Ice Arena, Gangneung Hockey Centre, and Kwandong Hockey Centre), and are all planned to be completed by the year-end of 2016. On other Games-related facilities, Opening·Closing Ceremonial Hall, the Olympic Village, Media Village, and IBC/MPC are currently under construction, all to be completed by 2017.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The venue development and design strategy of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games was proven to be very positive. The venue development and design strategy was implemented to not only supply infrastructure, but to consider the accessibility of residents, athletes, and media. So, the development and design strategy can be considered as an indicator of very high relevance with the Olympic Winter Games because of various facilities and Olympic/Media Village. Also, the venue development was in compliance with the Bid File(bid-8,10) in the sense that the Organizing Committee is pursuing environment-friendly methods by establishing GHG inventory and reduction goals of each and every process.
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Overview of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Venue
Type Name Application Post-game application
Alpine Giant Slalom, - Training and other competitions Existing Yongpyong Alpine Centre Slalom - Ski Resort - Training and other competitions(winter) NH Individual, LH Existing Alpensia Ski Jumping Centre - Concert garden/soccer field(summer) & Individual/Group Observatory Alpensia Cross-Country Skiing - Training and other competitions(winter) Existing Cross-country Skiing Centre - Trekking route/golf course(summer)
- Training and other competitions(winter) Existing Alpensia Biathlon Centre Biathlon - Trekking route/golf course(summer)
Comple Free-style skiing, - Training and other competitions Bokwang Snow Park mented Snowboard - Ski Resort
Comple - Multi-purpose gymnasium Gangneung Curling Centre Curling(M/W) mented - Ice rink(basement) Alpine Skiing New Jeongseon Alpine Centre (6 games, I.e. - Restoration or ski resort downhill) Luge, Bobsleigh, New Alpensia Sliding Centre - Education facility and leisure sports facility Skeleton
New Gangneung Oval Speed Skating - Under planning process
Figure, Short Track New Gangneung Ice Arena - Culture and sports complex Skating
New Gangneung Hockey Centre Men's Ice Hockey - Training and other competitions
New Gangneung Hockey Centre Women's Ice Hockey - Gymnasium and educational facility
Opening·Closing - Olympic Memorial Park New Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium Ceremony - Highland training facility
Pyeongchang New Pyeongchang Olympic Village - Lot-solid apartment Olympic Village
Gangneung Olympic New Gangneung Olympic/Media Village - Lot-solid apartment and rent / Media Village
New/Existing IBC/MPC IBC/MPC - Under planning process
Source : Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Games, Gangwon-do Olympic Winter Games Committee
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Presentation of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Venue
Post-Games · Training and other competitions(winter) Application · Concert garden/soccer field(summer) & Observatory
Progress · Utilizing existing facility
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Type Existing Facility
Name Alpensia Biathlon Centre Alpensia Resort, Suha-ri, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Location Pyeongchang-gun Capacity 7,500(4,500 seats / 3,000 standing) Year of December, 2007(Upgraded) Construction
· (Utilization Plan) Constructed by Gangwon-do and used by Gangneung-si for sports facility after Games Post-Games · (Design) Using high energy efficient materials(i.e. Thermopane), interior LED lighting, minimizing Application installation cost of electric·lighting control device, installing rented equipments(i.e.electronic display), etc.
· Conclusion of project propriety analysis(Ministry of Strategy and Finance) : ʼ12. 12. · Approval of Games-related facility project(Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism→Do) : ʼ13. 5. 8 Progress · Execution drawing (ʼ14.10. 2 ~ ʼ15. 7.13) and designing(ʼ14.4 ~ ʼ14.5) · Construction : ʼ15. 11 ~ ʼ16. 11
Type New Facility
Name Jeongseon Alpine Centre
Location Sugam-ri, Bukpyeong-myeon, Jeongseon-gun
Capacity 6,500(3,600 seats, 2,900 standing) Year of ʼ12. 8 ~ ʼ16. 10 Construction Size DH, SG, SL slope (Plottage 1,837,174㎡)
Application 6 Events(Downhill 2, Super G 2, Alpine Combined 2)
(Utilization Plan) Built by Gangwon-do with assumed premise of restoration, but attract private capital Post-Games for future potential of ski resort Application (Design) Construction of novice course, tourist gondola and start house, securing alternative accommodation site, installation of sunlight generation system, and expansion of filtration plant
- Cancellation of Gariwangsan's designation as protected area for forest genetic resource(78.3ha) : ʼ13. 6 Progress - Execution drawing (ʼ13. 12) and groundbreaking(ʼ14. 5. 2) - Conclusion of course construction(ʼ15.11) and stadium construction(ʼ17.12)
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Type New Facility
Name Alpensia Sliding Centre Alpensia Resort, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Location Pyeongchang-gun Capacity 7,000(4,500 seats/3,000 standing) Year of ʼ12. 1 ~ ʼ16. 10 Construction
· (Utilization Plan) Built by Gangwon-do, managed by Korea National Sport University for training, Post-Games education and leisure sport facility Application · (Design) Building junior/youth start house, indoor ice start training facility, tourist amenities (observation deck and restaurant) and artificial rock climbing wall
· Notice of tender(Public Procurement Service, ʼ13. 7) and on-site orientation(ʼ13. 8) · Project approval and notification(ʼ14.6), IBSF Track Design Approval(ʼ14.7) Progress · Conclusion of track construction(ʼ15.11), Pre-Homologation (ʼ16.2) · Conclusion of additional facilities construction(ʼ16.10)
Type New Facility
Name Gangneung Oval
Location Sports Complex, Gyo-dong, Gangneung-si
Capacity 8,000(temporary seating) Year of ʼ13. 3 ~ ʼ16. 10 Construction Size · Building Area 26,616㎡/ Total Area 39,870㎡
Application · 12 Events(Speed Skating)
· (Utilization Plan) Built and possessed by Gangwon-do and post-Games application under Post-Games planning process Application · (Design) Securing large space without pillars and floor height for diverse usability, installation of lighting window on ceiling for natural lighting and 8,000 temporary seats
· Design competition based on economic feasibility, safety and functionality: ʼ12. 12 · Design commencement(ʼ13. 4) and conclusion of intermediate design(ʼ13. 7) Progress · Redesign period: ʼ14.10.6 ~ ʼ15.4.3 (6 months) · Conclusion of contract for main construction(ʼ15. 5.26) and Groundbreaking(ʼ15 5.27) · Main construction period : ʼ15. 5 ~ ʼ17. 3 (Stadium completion ʼ17.1)
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Type New Facility
Name Gangneung Ice Arena
Location Sports Complex, Gyo-dong, Gangneung-si
Capacity 12,000 Year of ʼ13. 3 ~ ʼ16. 10 Construction
· (Utilization Plan) Built and possessed by Gangwon-do and used as multipurpose culture and sport Post-Games complex Application · (Design) Installation of water tank for swimming, temporary seating(6,00). convertible seating (2,000) for multi-purpose space, installation of sunlight generation system, etc.
· Design commencement(ʼ13.4 ~ ʼ14.3), Construction order(ʼ14. 3), Ground breaking(ʼ14. 6.23) Progress · Design VE period(ʼ14.6 ~ ʼ15.4) · Construction period : ʼ14. 6 ~ ʼ16. 11
Type New Facility
Name Gangneung Hockey Centre
Location Sports Complex, Gyo-dong, Gangneung-si
Capacity 10,000(Temporary seating) Year of ʼ13. 3 ~ ʼ16. 10 Construction
Size · Building area 13,149㎡/Total area 24,342㎡
Application · 1 Event(Men's Ice Hockey)
Post-Games · (Utilization Plan) Built and possessed by Gangwon-do. and managed by Daemyung Co. Ltd. Application which will organize and train a business ice hockey team and host competitions
· Design commencement(ʼ13.4 ~ ʼ14.3), Construction order(ʼ14. 3), Ground breaking(ʼ14. 7.10) Progress · Design VE period(ʼ14.6 ~ ʼ15.4) · Construction period: ʼ14. 7 ~ ʼ16. 11
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Year of ʼ13. 3 ~ ʼ16. 10 Construction Size · Building area 10,633㎡/total area 19,666㎡
Application · 1 event(Women's Ice Hockey)
· (Utilization Plan) Built by Gangwon-do, and management commissioned to Kwandong University Post-Games for University gymnasium(classroom) and public sports facility Application · (Design) Convertible lightweight partition used for interior wall of ground floor, installation of 2,500 temporary seats and wooden floor for gym use.
· Design commencement(ʼ13.4 ~ ʼ14.3), Construction order(ʼ14. 3), Ground breaking(ʼ14. 6.23) Progress · Design VE period(ʼ14.6 ~ ʼ15.4) · Construction period : ʼ14. 6 ~ ʼ16. 10
Type New Facility
Name Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium
Highland training field, Hoenggye-ri, Location Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun 40,000(15,000 permanent seating, 25,000 temporary Capacity seating) Year of ʼ14. 12 ~ ʼ17. 9 Construction
Size · Opening·Closing Ceremonial Hall 29,804㎡, Total architectural area 54,784㎡
Application · Opening·Closing Ceremony
Post-Games · Regional cultural infrastructure as an Olympic legacy, for theatre and Olympic Memorial Hall Application
· Execution drawing and construction of facilities : ʼ14 ~ ʼ17. 2nd quarter · School relocation and land compensation : ʼ14 ~ ʼ15. 2nd quarter Progress · Basic and execution drawing of overlay : ʼ15. 2nd quarter ~ ʼ17. 2nd quarter · Overlay construction : ʼ17. 3rd quarter ~ 4th quarter
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Type New Facility
Name Pyeongchang Olympic Village Yongpyong Dome, Suha-ri, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Location Pyeongchang-gun Capacity 600 apartments / 3,500 people Year of ʼ14. 6 ~ ʼ17. 9 Construction
· Selection of Yongpyong Resort as main participant : ʼ14. 4 Progress · Basic drawing, approval and execution drawing : ʼ14. 6 ~ ʼ15. 5 · Construction : ʼ15. 6 ~ ʼ17. 9
Type New Facility
Name Gangneung Olympic Village/Media Village
Location Yucheon district, Gangneung-si
Capacity 2,300 athletes·officials/ 6,560 pressmen Year of ʼ15. 1 ~ ʼ17. 9 Construction
- Gangneung Olympic Village : 9 buildings, 922 apartments Size - Gangneung Media Village : 23 buildings, 2,561 apartments/ 6,021 rooms
Application · Gangneung Olympic Village/Media Village
Post-Games · Lot-solid apartment and rental Application
· Review on basic and execution drawing : ʼ14 · Facility construction period : ʼ15 ~ ʼ17. 2nd quarter · Changeover on Olympic and Media Village : ʼ17. 3rd~4th quarter Progress · Overlay basic and execution drawing : ʼ15 ~ ʼ16 · Overlay construction : ʼ17 · Post-Games use changeover : ʼ18. 2nd quarter ~ 4th quarter
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Type New/ Existing Facility
Name IBC / MPC In Alpensia Resort, Suha-ri, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Location Pyeongchang-gun Capacity - Year of ʼ15. 11 ~ ʼ17. 4 Construction
· IBC Total area 51,024㎡ (Steel skeleton, 1~5 floors above ground) (Area) IBC+OBS Office 33,746 / POCOG office+common use 14,472 / gantry 2,806 Size (Floor) IBC one floor / office+common use 5 floors * MPC : Alpensia Convention Centre
Application · IBC, MPC
Post-Games · Under planning process Application
· Conclusion of IBC/MPC design : ʼ15.6.30 · IBC/MPC division : ʼ15.1.22 * Convention centre used for MPC Progress · IBC Priority phase groundbreaking : ʼ15.11 · OBS building changeover : ʼ17. 5 · Overlay facility installation : ʼ17.6~
Source : Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Games
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□ En 04-2 Resource Efficiency of Olympic·Paralympic Venues
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
The resource efficiency of Olympic·Paralympic venues are highly relevant with the recycling and reuse of solid waste generated during the preparation of stadium and facilities, and the Games period. It is inevitable for the solid waste to be generated during the preparation and actual Games period, but efforts to reuse as much construction waste as possible must be taken to position the Games as environment-friendly Olympic. So, the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games is making efforts to zeroise solid waste generated during the Olympic Games through reuse and recycling. Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf. Analysis
PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is making efforts to minimize pollution induced by mankind, in order for the clean environment of the Host Cities to be maintained and sustainable. The Games defines the vision and goals for clean environment as "realization of O2 Plus through low-carbon generation and recycling of resource", and the O2 Plus Winter Games vision includes detailed goals such as 100% use of new and renewable energy, zeroisation of solid waste, and carbon-offsetting. GHG inventory building plan was established to reduce and minimize GHG generated from venue construction and Games management. All electricity needed for Games management is supplied by new and renewable energy, through construction of wind power generation complex in Pyeongchang, Gangneung, and Jeongseon. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
From not only the various activities in order to reduce GHG generated from facility installation and the Games but also the long-term carbon reduction project, the impact on resource efficiency is expected to be high. These efforts include minimization of natural destruction, alternative use of new and renewable energy in electricity and energy demand, systematic design of waste recycling and reuse, and construction of environment-friendly urban space. The Games-related facilities are designed in the light of sustainability, meaning that these facilities are planned to be used after the games, ant so that the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games is expected to make positive impact on resource efficiency14). The venues will contribute to resource efficiency, as they are to be used as stadiums, multi-purpose gymnasium, convention centres, and composite culture complex. So the resource efficiency of Olympic venues comply with the contents of the Bid File(bid-9, 13).
14) PyeongChang Organizing Committee for Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games(2015), Creating a New Horizon for Sustainable 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games: Furthering Benefits to Human and Nature
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Source : Ministry of Environment(2014) O2 Plus Concept Map
Source : PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic Winter Games Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Sustainability Report
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□ En 04-3 Case Study : Construction of Environment-friendly Green Building
〈Case 1: Construction of Environment-friendly Green Building〉
Many new buildings are constructed in order to host the Olympic Games. This is also the case for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, as new stadia, Olympic and media village, IBC/MPC, and Opening·Closing Ceremonial Halls are constructed. As the energy consumption of buildings are recently showing drastic increase, authentication systems are introduced throughout the world for efficient reduction of GHG generated from buildings. The Republic of Korea enacted the "Green Buildings Construction Support Act(Green Buildings Act)" in 2013, launched the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design, an integrated green building certification system, and through this expanding the concept of environment-friendly or energy efficient building. The Games-related facilities will also be constructed as environment-friendly green buildings which meet international standards, and will be used as exemplary cases.
It was suggested in the Bid File that 10 facilities including the new stadia be constructed as environment-friendly buildings utilized as sustainable legacy. It was agreed that LEED standards, an international certification system is to be used during the bidding process, but as the similar system is currently launched in Korea, the necessity to use domestic system which is very similar to the international standards has arisen, and so the discussion with the IOC on this issue is currently ongoing.
After the enactment of Green Buildings Construction Support Act, Korea has adopted the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design(G-SEED)15)(Public buildings with the building area of more than 3,000 ㎡ has to score better than Normal(Green 4) on G-SEED(Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design)), and plans for the Olympic-related facilities to meet the criteria of Excellent(Green 2) grade are under progress. Along with this the approval process regarding the compulsory acquisition of Grade 1 on Building Energy Efficiency Certificate(BEEC)16) is also under progress.
G-SEED evaluates the degree of environmental friendliness in accordance with the purpose of the building in 7 areas of land use and transportation, energy and pollution, material and resource, hydrologic cycle, maintenance, ecologic environment, and indoor environment.
15) Government-led certification system for green buildings which evaluates the buildings into 4 ratings based on the pollution induced by whole construction process, ecological environment, indoor environment, energy utilization efficiency and new and renewable energy use rate, and environmental load of construction process. Environment-friendly Building Certificate based on Building Act and Performance Rating of Collective Housing based on Housing Act were integrated to G-SEED in 2013 by the enactment of Green Buildings Construction Support Act because of overlaps in the subject and assessment criteria. 16) It is mandatory for sport facilities with the building area of larger than 3,000㎡, constructed by public institutions to acquire Grade 1 on BEEC, in order to enhance energy efficiency.
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Adoption of Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design
Comparison of Assessment Criteria for Environment-friendly Building Certification
Land Hydrologic Energy/ Material and Ecological Indoor Certification Use/Transpor Cycle Maintenance Pollution Resource Environment Environment tation Management
G-SEED 9.1% 26.1% 17.1% 14.8% 5.7% 13.6% 13.6%
LEED 21.6% 36.1% 14.4% 10.3% 2.1% 0.0% 15.5%
Source : Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Games
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G-SEED Assessment Criteria
Area Category Land use and Ecological value, impact on neighbouring land. reduction in transportation load Transportation
Energy and Pollution Energy reduction, use of sustainable energy source, prevention of global warming
Use of sustainable material, evaluation of economical use of material and resource on Material and Resource re-modelling Hydrologic cycle Establishment of hydrologic cycle system, conservation of water resource management
Maintenance Systematic field control, effective building management, effective household management
Construction of green space, securing ecological function of exterior space and exterior Ecological environment wall, creation of ecological space Air environment, heating environment, noise environment, creation of pleasant indoor Interior environment environment
Comparison of Environment-friendly Building Certification
G-SEED LEED Energy Energy Grade Score Additional Cost Grade Score Additional Cost efficiency efficiency Extraordinary(Gr Over 80 Over 5% Over 40% Platinum Over 80 6~8% - een 1) Excellent 70~79 2~4% 30~40% Gold 60~79 3~4% 48% (Green 2) Outstanding 60~69 1~2% 20~30% Silver 50~59 1~2% 30% (Green 3) Normal 50~59 Lower than 1% 10~20% Certified 40~49 Lower than 1% 28% (Green 4) Source : Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Games
The venues for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games will aim for 'Excellent(Green 2) or better on G-SEED, led by the Korean government. Four buildings built by private construction are also making efforts to get 'Normal(Green 4)' or better grade in compliance with the hosting of Green Olympic Games, although not legally obliged.
Efforts to maintain 'Excellent(Green 2)' grade on G-SEED even after the alterations on the purpose of use at post-Games period are to be made, and 6 event venues are striving to acquire Grade 1 of BEEC. Plans for 4 buildings built by private constructions to acquire high grades on BEEC are also under progress.
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Buildings Subject to Environment-friendly Building Certification
Preliminary Certification of Green Construction for Newly Constructed PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games Facilities
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□ En 05-1 Development and Use of Public Transportation System
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
Transportation refers to the basic transportation facilities and management system which links the Olympic Games venues and regions, and the transportation facility can be broadly categorized into road facility, rail facility and airport facility. The development and use of Public Transportation system refers to the public transportation facilities and management systems which can be used for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, which are rail, airport and bus. Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf. Analysis
What attracts the most attention regarding the transportation plan of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is that rail transportation was suggested as the first option of transportation system. Wonju-Gangneung Double Track Railway(120.7㎞), which is the core transportation option of the Olympic Games, commenced construction in June 2012, is under steady progress, and is expected to be concluded in 2017 which then would be able to link Incheon Airport – Seoul - Pyeongchang – Gangneung. When the construction is finished, it will only take an hour from Cheongnyangni, Seoul to Jinbu-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, and the existing high-speed railway businesses such as Jungang Line can also be utilized. Yangyang airport, which is the nearest airport of the region has four parking ramps(can capacitate 2 B737 and 2 A-300-sized aircrafts), and can capacitate up to 4,300 annual flights17). Excluding the rail transportation, the public transportation mainly consists of bus, and approximately 350 express bus routes are currently directed to Pyeongchang. POCOG has established Bus Transportation Management Scheme which includes increased express bus and intercity bus operations and is also cooperating on management of Olympic Routes and special transportation countermeasures. For transportation between each venues, BRT(Bus Rapid Transit) lanes will be operated to minimize traffic congestion and environmental impacts. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The transportation infrastructure of Gangwon-do is relatively lagged in comparison with other regions, but through expansion of rail and airport infrastructures, such as construction of Wonju-Gangneung Double Track Railway, Jungang High Speed Line Project, expansion of Yeongdong Expressway and airport, induced by the hosting of the Games the public transportation system is expected to experience epoch-making development . Also, continuous development on the region is expected through consistent management and expansion of transportation infrastructures which will in turn attract more tourists. The transportation system between each venue is in compliance with the bid-6, 8, 15 of the Bid File, as environment-friendly public transportation system is expected to be established through the operation of BRT(Bus Rapid Transit) lanes and construction of Wonju-Gangneung Doubled Track Railway.
17) Research Institute for Gangwon(2014), Transportation for the Olympic Winter Games: Prior Preparation for Olympic Lane during the Games Period
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Source : Scheme on Installation and Utilization of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games-related facilities(Gangwon-do, 2013)
Scheme Drawing of Wonju-Gangneung Doubled Track Railway
Construction of Sangwol Tunnel Construction of Daegwallyeong Tunnel
Construction of Odae-cheon Bridge Construction of Myeonon Overpass Source : Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Photographs of Construction Sites of Wonju-Gangneung Doubled Track Railway
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Source : The Korea Transport Institute(2011), Transport Countermeasure Strategies for the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games
Rail Transport Infrastructure Plan Based on National Railway Network Plan
Pyeongchang-gun Intra-city Bus Status
Frequency Number of routes Percentage(%)
Less than twice/day 3 9
3~4 times/day 6 18
5~6 times/day 7 21
7~8 times/day 7 21
More than 9 times/day 10 30
Average frequency 7.9 times / day 100 Source : Pyeongchang-gun
Gangneung-si Intra-city Bus Status
Frequency Number of routes Percentage(%)
Less than twice/day 17 20
3~4 times/day 17 20
5~6 times/day 11 13
7~8 times/day 14 16
More than 9 times/day 28 32
Average frequency 9.4 times / day 100 Source : Gangneung-si
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□ En 05-2 Transportation Induced by the Olympic·Paralympic Games
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
The transportation induced by the Olympic·Paralympic Games is measured by the volume of traffic of expressways, national highways and provincial roads induced by the Olympic Games, and the speculation of spectators' demand of transportation. For the speculation we have used the data provided by the Research Institute for Gangwon(2014). For road facilities we use metric system with the basic unit of 'meter(m)', the most basic indicator of transportation, and use data on expressways, national highways, provincial roads and si/gun roads provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf. Analysis
The total road length of the entire nation is 105,673㎞, and expressways and national highways account for 17% of the total length, while provincial roads and si/gun roads account for 78%. As of 2013, the total road length of the Host cities is 531,800m for Pyeongchang-gun, 975,884m for Gangneung-si, and 520,692m for Jeongseon-gun. Jeongseon-gun has no expressways, and national highway 59 connects Jeongseon Alpine Centre with other venues. The major roads located in the area of impact of the Host Cities are Yeongdong Expressway, Donghae Expressway, national highway 6, and regional road 456. On the increase in the average traffic discharge of expressways, Seoul-Yangyang Expressway showed 107% increase to 19,121 vehicles/day in 2014, compared to the daily average of 9,247 in 2009, followed by Jungang Expressway's 61% increase, Donghae Expressway's 36%, and Yeongdong Expressway's 32%. When the Second Yeongdong Highway, which is currently under construction, is opened in November 2016, it will only take 50 minutes from Seoul to Wonju, enabling effective connection between the metropolitan area and Gangwon-do, and enhancing the traffic induced by the Olympic Games. The plans for six metropolitan transportation networks, six supplementary arterial networks, and nine access roads to the stadium were settled and under progress, and one provincial road, one gun road, and five interconnecting roads are to be added. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H Through additional construction of road induced by the hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, the number of registered vehicles in the Host Cities, and the average traffic of nearby expressways and national highways are showing upward trend. Along with the procurement of transportation networks, Olympic Routes are to be operated, roads nearby the venues are to be designated as national highways, and special transportations are also under plan, and so the volume of traffic is expected to rise even more during the Games period. According to the Research Institute for Gangwon(2014)18), the daily average prospect of spectators during the Games period is 104,700. The induced traffic is expected to be efficiently manageable due to improvements in the transportation conditions such as road, airport, and rail, in Host Cities and nearby areas. This fulfills the bid-10, 13, 15, 17 of Bid File on the strengthening the Olympic-related transportation infrastructure.
18) Research Institute for Gangwon(2014), Transportation for the Olympic Winter Games: Prior Preparation for Olympic Lane during the Games Period
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Prospect of spectators during the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Period
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□ En 05-3 Impact of Transportation Induced by the Olympic·Paralympic Games
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
The impact of transportation induced by the Olympic·Paralympic Games can be measured by the emitted volume of GHG and fuel consumption, focusing on the current environment-friendly transportation system establishment plan and countermeasures on minimization of GHG emission.
Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf. Analysis
Establishment of convenient and environment-friendly transportation system should take place in order to achieve successful hosting of the Olympic Games and its environmental vision O2 Plus. The core strategy of the transportation area of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is green transportation system, or Green Olympic Transport, which minimizes GHG emission through provision of environment-friendly transportation using electricity, fuel cell and hybrid vehicles. Also, GHG emission can be significantly reduced by the construction of Wonju-Gangneung Double Track Railway, and plans to increase transportation efficiency through improvements in venue accessibility was established and currently under construction. Through connection of all Olympic venues including the airport through Olympic Route, Pyeongchang can secure the reliability of transportation system, and fuel consumption can be decreased through real-time monitoring on Intelligent Transportation System. Emission free vehicles such as electric vehicles and CNG vehicles, and adoption of BRT(Bys Rapid Transit) is expected to minimize traffic and environmental impacts. Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
Operation of green transportation is needed for environment-friendly management of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. The Republic of Korea has implemented environment-friendly policies, and the transportation area is not an exception. There are difficulties in collecting quantitative data on GHG emission quantity and fuel consumption induced by the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, and DB establishment is needed for assessment after the Games period. However, the impact of transportation on the environment is expected to be minimized as transportation strategy which utilizes electricity, fuel cell and hybrid vehicles is sought for environment-friendly hosting of the Olympic Games, and Wonju-Gangneung Double Track Railway which allows for the drastic decrease in GHG emission is currently under construction. Through connecting Incheon International Airport with Pyeongchang without congestion through road, railway, and airport within two hours, and securing punctuality though Smart Green Transportation Management System, the Olympic Games will be able to not only secure convenience but also sustainability, which complies with bid-10, 15, 17 of the Bid File.
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Source : The Korea Transport Institute(2011), Transport Countermeasure Strategies for the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games
Operation Scheme for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Environment-friendly Transportation System
Source : The Korea Transport Institute(2011), Transport Countermeasure Strategies for the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games
Environment-friendly Means of Transportation
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Layout of Major Transportation Facilities for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
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□ En 05-4 Case Study : Establishment of Environment-friendly Transportation System
〈Case 1: Establishment of Environment-friendly Transportation System〉
It is a global trend to expand railway infrastructures and adopt environment-friendly means of transportation such as electric vehicles, in order to induce actual reduction of pollutants from vehicles and establish pleasant air environment. Not only is the establishment of efficient and convenient transportation mandatory for successful hosting of the Olympic Games, but provision of environment-friendly means of transportation for GHG reduction is also considered an important mission. And so, Wonju-Gangneung Double Track Railway is constructed, electric vehicle charging facilities are installed in expressway rest areas, and electric and hybrid vehicles are supplied into general circulation.
The Republic of Korea has established Clean Air Conservation Act and Act on the Promotion of Development and Distribution of Environment-Friendly Automobiles, and is making efforts to reduce air pollutant and CO2 emission. Also the green energy-based EV recharging infrastructure was developed in 2009, and is pushing for the development of core components of green car charging infrastructure, and the commercialization of high-speed EV charging system.
As of 2015, the Republic of Korea is operating 337 high-speed chargers, and EV drivers have access to informations regarding EV charging any time and anywhere, through smartphones or navigations.
Electric Vehicle Distribution and High-speed Charger Installation Status
Region Total 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Electric Vehicle All nation 4,945 338 753 780 1,173 1,901 Status (ea) Gangwon-do 79 9 10 6 21 33
Public High-Speed All nation 337 33 85 59 60 100 Charger Status(ea) Gangwon-do710114 Source : EV Charging Information System
The Korea Environment Corporation has organized 'PyeongChang 2018 Supporters' Group' in cooperation with PyeongChang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Games in 2015, and selected environmental tasks regarding the Games. The KECO has installed EV charging stations in rest areas of Yeongdong Expressway and provided environment-friendly EVs and Hybrid vehicles to athletes, entourage, and related personnels in order to reduce GHG emission and achieve successful environment-friendly Olympic Games.
The adoption plan of ITS(Intelligent Transportation System) on vehicles operated during the Games period is under planning process, and is to be established in 2016~2017. Through ITS, traffic can be monitored real-time using surveillance cameras and recognition sensors, and the ITS can inform detour in case of traffic congestion.
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PyeongChang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Winter Games is currently planning test events and establishing operation plan of Games-related vehicles, and is planning to conclude the agreement on transportation service level by each client groups. For Games-related vehicles, plans to adopt environment-friendly EV or CNG vehicles and to operate low-carbon green roads is provided. Also, BRT(Bus Rapid Transit) lane will be operated for transportation between venues, in order to minimize traffic congestion and environmental load.
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□ En 06-1 Energy Consumption
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Data issues
The Final Energy Consumption by Source is calculated by sectors of coal, petroleum(petroleum products), gas(city gas and natural gas), electricity, thermal energy, new and renewable energy(solar cell, solar heat, biomass, wind energy, tidal energy, waste, etc.). Excluding the amount of energy consumed or lost in energy conversion or spend in the energy conversion industry, the Energy Consumption of the nation, Gangwon-do, and Host City is converted into ton of oil equivalent(toe) to calculate the sum of each energy source. The Final Energy Consumption by Sector is evaluated for industrial sector, transportation sector, household and commercial sector, and public sector and is converted into ton of oil equivalent(toe) for calculation. Presentation
□ See tables overleaf. Analysis
Petroleum accounts for almost half of the Republic of Korea's Energy Consumption by Source with 48%, followed by electricity and coal. In the case of Gangwon-do, petroleum has highest consumption of 30%, and coal follows closely with 30% as well. Compared with the nationwide consumption, Gangwon-do has lower consumption of petroleum, and higher consumption of coal and new and renewable energy. The Final Energy Consumption in 2014 increased by approximately 18% nationwide over 2007, and the consumption of new and renewable energy increased notably by 111%. In the case of Gangwon-do, the total consumption saw a slight decrease, but saw a significant increase on the proportion of new and renewable energy as well. On the other hand, consumption of coal and petroleum decreased by 25% and 10% respectively. Examining the Final Energy Consumption by Sector in 2014, the industrial sector accounted for 64% of the total with 135,999,000 toe, and was followed by transportation sector(18%), household and commercial sector(17%), and public sector(2%). In the case of Gangwon-do, the industrial sector accounted for 54%, and was followed by household and commercial sector(21%), transportation sector(20%), and public sector(5%), for the year 2013.
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
Republic of Korea's Energy Consumption is led by the industrial sector accounting for 64% and the transportation sector with 18%. Thus it is hard to say there is direct relevance with the impact of hosting the Olympic Games. Moreover, the energy statistics of ROK is mainly on the scale of national or metropolitan authorities, so it is difficult to evaluate changes in the energy consumption and production of the Host City based on these data. Nevertheless, Gangwon-do has established a 5-Year Supply Plan for New and Renewable Energy in 2009 for the procurement of new and renewable energy and development of related industries. It is promoting business cooperation for sustained supply of new and renewable energy and its motto of "Double income, double happiness". These are efforts to increase use of new and renewable energy and cut down on fossil fuel consumption to carry out the bid-17 of the IOC Bid File through hosting the Olympic Winter Games.
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ROK's Final Energy Consumption by Source (Unit : 1,000 toe)
Household and 35,722 37,255 37,542 37,884 37,341 35,529 Commercial
Public 4,295 4,483 4,560 4,769 4,670 4,679
Total 182,066 195,587 205,863 208,120 210,247 213,836
Source : Energy Review Monthly (Korea Energy Economics Institute, 2009-2014)
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Gangwon-do's Final Energy Consumption by Sector (Unit : 1,000 toe)
Sector 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Industrial 4,571 4,984 5,796 3,246 3,308
Transportation 1,207 1,183 1,166 1,209 1,223
Household and 1,261 1,324 1,299 1,316 1,267 Commercial
Public 210 242 222 270 309
Total 7,250 7,732 8,484 6,041 6,107
Source : Yearbook of Regional Energy Statistics(Korea Energy Economics Institute, 2009-2013)
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□ En 06-2 Case Study : Consumption of New and Renewable Energy
〈Case 1: Consumption of New and Renewable Energy〉
In terms of Final Energy Consumption, the use of new and renewable energy should be increased while cutting down on fossil fuel consumption. When converting the energy produced for each energy source into ton of oil equivalent(toe), the energy consumption for coal, petroleum, natural gas, city gas, and thermal energy will be decreased, and increase consumption of solar cell·solar heat, bioenergy, wind·hydropower·fuel cells for a more environment-friendly Olympic Games.
New and renewable energy refers to sources that convert the existing fossil fuels, or convert renewable energy sources like sunlight·water·geothermal heat·biological organisms into energy. It is the future energy source in order to realize a sustainable energy supply system. The importance of new and renewable energy sources is on the rise, as they respond to the fluctuations in oil price and regulations of the Climate Change Convention. In Korea, a total of 11 sectors have been designated as new and renewable energy, with 8 types of renewable energy(solar heat, solar cell generation, biomass, wind power, small hydraulic power, geothermal heat, ocean energy, waste energy) and 3 types of new energy(fuel cell, coal liquefaction and gasification, hydrogen energy).
In the Final Energy Consumption, the energy sources are broadly divided into coal, petroleum, gas(natural gas and city gas), electricity, thermal energy, and new and renewable energy. Similarly to the energy consumption, final energy is supplied and consumed nationwide through the energy network system, so the consumption was calculated on the national level and not just the hosting region of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.
ROK's consumption of new and renewable energy is 9,466,000 toe as of 2014, and Gangwon-do's consumption of new and renewable energy is 745,000 toe as of 2013. The national consumption of new and renewable energy has been increasing 14.2% annually from 2009 to 2014, and Gangwon-do's consumption of new and renewable energy has been increasing 16.1% annually from 2009 to 2013, which is a slightly higher rate than that of the country.
The proportion of new and renewable energy in the Final Energy Consumption, that is the consumption ratio, is 4.4% as of 2014 on the nationwide level, whereas it is 12.2% as of 2013 in the case of Gangwon-do.
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The Consumption of New and Renewable Energy (based on Final Energy) and Consumption Ratio
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Consumption of New and All Nation 4,867 5,346 5,834 7,124 7,883 9,466 Renewable Energy(1,000 toe) Gangwon-do 410 459 512 644 745
Consumption Ratio of New All Nation 2.7% 2.7% 2.8% 3.4% 3.7% 4.4% and Renewable Energy(%) Gangwon-do 5.7% 5.9% 6.0% 10.7% 12.2% Source : Energy Review Monthly (Korea Energy Economics Institute, 2009-2014), Yearbook of Regional Energy Statistics(Korea Energy Economics Institute, 2009-2013)
Also, in 2014, the Ministry of Environment has established a model to decrease the actual emissions from "O"(carbon-neutral) to "-"(O2 Plus) through a set of greenhouse gas reduction and offsetting activities that reduce more greenhouse gas than emitted during the Olympic Games, by hosting sustainable, low-carbon green Olympic Games in order to respond actively to climate change.
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□ En 07-1 Solid Waste
Nation(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Data Issues
Solid waste refers to the material thrown away after the processing and utilization of raw materials, and are categorized into household waste, industrial waste, industrial discharge facility waste, and construction waste. They are evaluated for quantity, management and processing conditions, and operation of landfill and incineration facilities. Solid waste was calculated based on the "National waste generation and treatment statistics" published by the Ministry of Environment, and the total discharge and generation of waste is calculated for each category of household and industrial waste, industrial discharge facility waste, and construction waste, excluding designated waste. Presentation
□ See tables overleaf. Analysis
Construction waste and industrial discharge facility waste accounts for over 80% of total waste generation nationwide, Gangwon-do, and Host City. For both Gangwon-do and Host City, the quantity of solid waste decreased relative to 2009. Recycling generally takes up a large proportion in the treatment of solid waste, and for Gangwon-do and Host City, recycling rate surpasses 90%. Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun each has one landfill facility. Pyeongchang-gun saw a 30% decrease in its landfill in 2013 over 2009. However, although Gangneung-si, and Jeongseon-gun had continuously cut down on its landfills in the years before, they saw a steep increase in 2012, and resulted in an aggregate increase in 2013 over 2009. Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun each has one incineration facility, and Gangneung-si does not operate such facility as of 2012. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games committed itself to zero generation of solid waste in constructing and operating its facilities in compliance to bid-6 of the Bid File. It has thus made efforts to secure relevance through enhancing recycling rate. As it is expected that generation of solid waste will continually increase due to hosting the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, it is necessary to expand and improve resource recycling facilities to minimize landfill reinforce the recycling rate. Thus the Organizing Committee has established a systematic recycling system operation plan with the goal of zero landfill by enhancing waste recycling and reusing. Through this recycling system, waste generated during the Olympic Games will be sustainedly treated, and food waste will not be buried but be converted into biogas for fuel19). Also, as the Korea Environment Corporation and the PyeongChang Organizing Committee has selected the support for establishing solid waste disposal system as a cooperation subject for the Olympic Winter Games, and thus will contribute to hosting environment-friendly Olympics.
19) PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games(2015. 7), 2018 PyeongChang : Opening New Horizons for Sustainability- Furthering Benefits to Human and Nature
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Solid Waste Generation (Unit : ton/day)
Region Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Household and Industrial Waste 50,906 49,159 48,934 48,990 48,728
Industrial Discharge Facility Waste 123,604 137,875 137,961 146,390 149,815 All Nation Construction Waste 183,351 178,120 186,417 186,629 183,538
Total 357,861 365,154 373,312 382,009 382,081
Household and Industrial Waste 2,430 2,380 2,209 2,175 2,101
Source : National waste generation and treatment statistics(Ministry of Environment, 2009-2013)
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Management of Daily Waste (Unit : %) Region Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ratio of waste to area managed 90.3 95.9 97.3 97.4 98.1 All Nation Ratio of waste to population managed 99.7 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.9 Ratio of waste to area managed 87.2 87.3 94.6 94.7 94.8 Gangwon-do Ratio of waste to population managed 99.5 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 Ratio of waste to area managed 16.2 16.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 Pyeongchang-gun Ratio of waste to population managed 93.2 93.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 Ratio of waste to area managed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Gangneung-si Ratio of waste to population managed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Ratio of waste to area managed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Jeongseon-gun Ratio of waste to population managed 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source : National waste generation and treatment statistics(Ministry of Environment, 2009-2013)
Personnel and Equipment for Management of Daily Waste
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Landfill Facilities
Region Category 2009 2010 211 2012 2013 Number of Facilities 226 229 222 223 221 Total Landfill Capacity(1,000㎡) 397,142 410,922 424,341 426,814 431,260 All Nation Currently Used(1,000㎡) 196,900 200,774 209,120 213,531 215,033 Annual Landfill Amount(1,000㎡) 9,165 12,600 9,324 7,015 6,914 Number of Facilities 24 24 24 24 24 Total Landfill Capacity(1,000㎡) 15,203 15,178 16,374 16,374 16,417 Gangwon-do Currently Used(1,000㎡) 10,075 10,609 11,052 11,315 11,164 Annual Landfill Amount(1,000㎡) 552 555 529 364 421 Number of Facilities 1 1 1 1 1 Pyeongchang-gu Total Landfill Capacity(㎡) 120,168 120,168 120,168 120,168 120,168 n Currently Used(㎡) 18,384 20,261 22,096 23,931 25,442 Annual Landfill Amount(㎡) 2,173 1,877 1,835 1,835 1,511 Number of Facilities 1 1 1 1 1 Total Landfill Capacity(㎡) 2,206,000 2,206,000 2,206,000 2,206,000 2,206,000 Gangneung-si Currently Used(㎡) 1,410,938 1,480,390 1,551,458 1,613,727 1,737,696 Annual Landfill Amount(㎡) 86,396 69,452 71,068 62,269 123,969 Number of Facilities 1 1 1 1 1 Total Landfill Capacity(㎡) 412,000 412,000 412,000 412,000 412,000 Jeongseon-gun Currently Used(㎡) 249,700 269,452 278,978 289,397 315,810 Annual Landfill Amount(㎡) 17,300 19,752 9,526 10,419 26,413 Source : National Waste Generation and Treatment Statistics(Ministry of Environment, 2009-2013)
Solid Waste Incineration Facilities
Region Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Number of Facilities 172 176 173 184 182 All Nation Facility Capacity(ton/day) 15,604 16,081 16,317 17,207 16,738.76 Annual Amount Incinerated(ton) 3,439,389 3,795,612 3,963,740 4,337,568 4,199,896 Number of Facilities 13 13 14 16 16 Gangwon-do Facility Capacity(ton/day) 298 264 355 576 582 Annual Amount Incinerated(ton) 50,170 51,655 77,536 150,333 157,408.6 Number of Facilities11111 Pyeong Facility Capacity(ton/day) 20 20 20 20 20 chang-gun Annual Amount Incinerated(ton) 4,986 4,505 4,505 4,505 4,077 Number of Facilities 1 1 - - - Gang Facility Capacity(ton/day) 4 2 - - - neung-si Annual Amount Incinerated(ton) 24 3,226 - - - Number of Facilities11111 Jeong Facility Capacity(ton/day) 15 10 10 10 10 seon-gun Annual Amount Incinerated(ton) 2,241 1,637 1,637 1,386 1,696 Source : National waste generation and treatment statistics(Ministry of Environment, 2009-2013)
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□ En 07-2 Wastewater
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Data Issues
Wastewater is discharged after water usage, and is evaluated by sewage treatment, human waste generation and treatment, and fluctuations in the industrial wastewater discharge facilities. Sewage treatment, human waste generation and treatment, and fluctuations in the industrial wastewater discharge facilities are evaluated utilizing the data from Statistics Yearbook of the Host City of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games and the Environmental Statistics Portal. The treatment of daily wastewater is examined in categories of public sewage treatment plants and small public sewage treatment plants, human waste is examined for their generation and treatment, and the industrial water pollutant discharge facilities have been examined in each industry. Presentation
□ See tables overleaf. Analysis
As of 2013, the human waste generated in ROK is 62,010㎥/day, and approximately 2.2% of that is generated in Gangwon-do, 13,95㎥/day. Although the national treatment rate of human waste relative to the amount generated is limited to 58%, Gangwon-do sees a very high treatment rate of 99%. Host City of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games each has one human waste disposal facility. The annual human waste generation amounts to 9.8~208.2㎥/day, and the treatment capacity amounts to 10.0~207.2㎥/day. Examining the environmental pollutant discharging enterprises, there are 49,201 sites nationwide. Type 1 to 5 accounts for 1%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 91% respectively. Gangwon-do has a total of 2,346 enterprises, which is 4.8% of the enterprises nationwide. Similarly to the proportions on the national level, type 5 accounts for 91%, thus the environmental pollutant discharge enterprises are mostly of type 5. The industrial wastewater from environmental pollutant discharge facilities in 2013 was 129,341㎥/day in Gangwon-do, and 16,119㎥/day in Host City, which is 12.5% of that of Gangwon-do. The fluctuations in wastewater generation in Host City in 2013 over 2007 was as follows: 161% increase in Pyeongchang-gun, 5% decrease in Gangneung-si, and 216% increase in Jeongseon-gun.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
Wastewater is expected to increase concerning the Olympic Games and the establishment of Special Olympic District, and thus has direct relevance to the impacts of Olympic Games. Systematic inspection on whether the existing facilities can handle the projected increase in volume has been conducted, and maintenance on facilities are being made. The local administrations are making constant efforts to manage wastewater disposal through inspections, instructions, and crackdowns on pollutant discharging enterprises, and enforcing inspections on wastewater emitting enterprises in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment, and the monitoring team of regional Environmental Offices. Also, previous effort of local authorities on environmental security and management will further act as measures to manage sustainable environment, through the hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, which complies with bid-6 of the Bid File.
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Human Waste Generation and Treatment (Unit : ㎥/day)
Region Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Human Waste Generated 54,302 46,226 42,358 41,747 62,010 All Nation Human Waste Treated 35,894 35,285 35,774 35,812 36,048
Human Waste Generated 1,495 1,482 1,452 1,912 1,395 Gangwon-do Human Waste Treated 1,416 1,404 1,517 1,527 1,383
Human Waste Generated4343404344 Pyeongchang-gun Human Waste Treated 43 41 40 34 34
Human Waste Generated 217 217 250 208 208 Gangneung-si Human Waste Treated 184 184 249 207 207
Human Waste Generated5039221010 Jeongseon-gun Human Waste Treated 16 14 18 10 9
Source : Statistics of Sewerage(Ministry of Environment, 2009-2013)
Livestock Excretion
Region 2009 2010 2011 2012
All Nation(㎥/day) 135,761 135,653 128,621 177,105
Gangwon-do(㎥/day) 5,410 6,720 6,899 8,851
Source : Environmental Statistics Yearbook(Ministry of Environment, 2009-2013)
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Business that Emit Environmental Pollutants (Water Pollutants) (Unit : Facility) Region Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Type 1 337 346 358 N/A 358 Type 2 538 539 536 N/A 536 Type 3 1,227 1,207 1,273 N/A 1,273 All Nation Type 4 2,239 2,336 2,375 N/A 2,375 Type 5 42,639 43,838 44,659 N/A 44,659 Sum 46,980 48,266 49,201 N/A 49,201 Type 1 8 9 9 8 8 Type 2 13 15 12 14 9 Type 3 34 56 56 53 63 Gangwon-do Type 4 130 135 132 140 142 Type 5 2,009 2,084 2,021 2,156 2,124 Sum 2,194 2,299 2,230 2,371 2,346 Type 1 0 0 0 0 0 Type 2 0 0 0 0 0 Type 3 2 1 2 4 4 Pyeongchang-gun Type 4 3 3 3 5 5 Type 5 61 81 80 68 68 Sum 66 85 85 77 77 Type 1 0 0 0 0 0 Type 2 1 1 1 1 1 Type 3 8 8 9 9 14 Gangneung-si Type 4 12 12 17 12 19 Type 5 250 265 238 238 260 Sum 271 286 265 260 294 Type 1 0 0 0 0 0 Type 2 0 0 0 0 0 Type 3 1 2 2 2 2 Jeongseon-gun Type 4 5 4 4 5 1 Type 5 82 82 83 84 77 Sum 88 88 89 91 80 Source : Environmental Statistics Portal(http://stat.me.go.kr/), Gangwon Statistical Information(http://stat.gwd.go.kr/)
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150 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ En 07-3 Case Study : Introduction of Resource Recycling Facilities
〈Case 1: Expansion of Resource Recycling Facilities〉
Incineration and landfill of waste must be minimized through an active deployment of resource recycling facilities. As it is expected that the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games will incur much generation of waste, it is important to expand waste recycling facilities, and establish an organized structure of "discharge-collection-treatment" for separating and sorting of waste. ROK formed a customized strategy for its resource processing facilities in 2011, and is evaluating their operations on a regular basis. The food waste recycling facilities will primarily be expanded and improved during the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and we will host an environment-friendly Olympic Games that minimize generation of waste and effectively recycle the generated waste.
As of 2015, ROK is operating 286 food waste recycling facilities. Of these, 105 are publicly-run, while 181 are private. In Gangwon-do, there are 10 food waste recycling facilities, and the total capacity is 245.0ton/day, while the treated volume is 199.5ton/day.
Food waste recycling facilities such as biogas production facilities(budget of 6 billion KRW) will be established in Gangneung-si, and food waste disposal facilities and bio-recycling facilities(budget of 14.8 billion KRW) will be established in Pyeongchang-gun, in order to effectively support the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games,
For these goals, a Basic Plan for Waste Disposal will be devised in 2016, and an Establishment·Operation Plan of Waste Recycling System will be formulated in 2017. Training programs for employees of waste treatment facilities and volunteer workers will form a foundation for these proposals.
Taebaek-si Food waste recycling facility 15.0 14.2 Public
Sokcho-si Food waste treatment facility 40.0 28.3 Public
Samcheok-si Food waste recycling facility 20.0 10.0 Public
Hoengseong-gun Food waste recycling facility 20.0 12.8 Public
Yeongwol-gun Yeongwol-gun environmental facility maintenance office 5.0 5.0 Public
Inje-gun Inje-gun food waste recycling facility 5.0 2.2 Public
Goseong-gun Agricultural and fishery waste treatment facility 10.0 7.0 Public
Source : Ministry of Environment
Also, ROK has instituted guidelines on procuring green products and selecting․managing environment-friendly sponsors from 2013 in order for a systematic operation. This is significant in that it fortifies an environment-friendly image by inducing purchase of products that received green certifications, and contributes to hosting a sustainable and green Olympic Games.
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□ En 08-1 Investment of Energy and Resources regarding Olympic Games
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Data Issues
The investment of various resources, such as construction materials and energy on facilities related to Olympic Games, are measured to evaluate its eco-friendliness. In building facilities related to the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, numerous resources like construction materials, energy, and water are deployed. Their usage is leads to the discharge of greenhouse gases, air pollutants, solid waste, and wastewater, and the magnitude of their input and discharge can be utilized to evaluate the eco-friendliness of the Olympic Games.
Presentation
□ There are currently no official statistics on the investment of energy and resources related to the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Analysis
At the present, facilities related to PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games are in their design or planning process, and actual statistics on the investment of energy and materials does not yet exist. And so, the data on energy and material inventories is omitted in the report, and will be reflected in the upcoming reports(from the 3rd OGI report).
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
In the bid-6, 11, 17 for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Bid File, resource utilization for environment-friendly Olympic Games was agreed upon. The use of green resources emerged as an issue on a nationwide level, and it is deemed highly relevant as it complies with the Bid File. In ROK's roadmap of the ‘PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games’, all newly-built stadiums must earn the U.S. ‘LEED’ certification (certification of green buildings). It has also agreed to establish a ‘PyeongChang Olympic Games Wind Farm’ of 140MW. It is expected that through these facilities, the legacy of ‘Green Olympic Games’ that succeeded in London will be continued in PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Game s.20)
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□ En 08-2 Case Study : Environment-friendly Materials for Venue
In accordance to Article 13 of the 「Regulations on Green Building Certification」, the Jungbong Alpine Stadium must secure the preliminary and standard certification, and the stadium received the preliminary certification in 2014. The Jungbong Alpine Stadium will be completed in December 2017, and 85% of the construction will have been finished by the end of 2016. It opened on January 22, 2016, and held the Alpine Ski World Cup as a test event.
In order to receive the standard certification for green building, it is necessary to utilize a certain amount of green certified materials. So whether the construction until now has utilized green certified products was evaluated and used.
Evaluation of Use of environment-friendly Products
Sector 3 Materials and Resources
Range 3.4 Sustainable use of resources
Standard 3.4.1 Whether green certified products are used for effective recycling of resources
Draft Evaluation
Points 3 points (Mandatory: Minimum 1.2points)
• Grade = (weight) × (points)
Category Use of green certified products in main buildings and outdoor space Weight
More than 9 types of green certified products in main buildings and more Grade 1 1.0 than 9 types of green certified products in outdoor space
More than 7 types of green certified products in main buildings and more Grade 2 0.8 than 7 types of green certified products in outdoor space
More than 5 types of green certified products in main buildings and more Calculation Grade 3 0.6 Standards than 5 types of green certified products in outdoor space
More than 3 types of green certified products in main buildings and more Grade 4 0.4 than 3 types of green certified products in outdoor space
※ Green certified products for effective recycling: products that have received Eco-label certification or GR mark or have been certified for their environment-friendly capacities. Only applicable when applied for all work or construction types. The purpose of certification must be effective recycling. ※ Underground parking area is categorized as outdoor space. ※ The attached buildings as defined in Article 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Building Act shall be excluded.
Source : Green Building Certification Assessment Table
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□ En 09-1 Procurement of Environmentally, Socially, and Ethically Certified Products
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Data Issues
For enhancing sustainability through the Olympic Games, the participation of enterprises with various environmental, social, ethical certifications is important. It is necessary to evaluate the supply of products and services of enterprises that abide by international environment standards to the Olympic Games. The Olympic Games require the participation of numerous enterprises from the very initial stages of construction, and active support of companies that meet international standards in sustainability will play a great role in hosting Green Olympics. Presentation
□ There are currently no official statistics on direct supply of products and services related to the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Analysis
ROK has made efforts to facilitate the use of sustainable products through means such as legislating the 「Act on Promotion of Purchase of Green Products」 in 2011. PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has set up "Guideline for Selection of environment-friendly Sponsors" and "Green Procurement Guideline" in 2013. They promote purchase of green or environment-friendly products for preventing waste of resources and environmental pollutions, and an execution of sustainable business activities. ISO 14000 certified companies and recognized green companies will be prioritized in sponsor selection, and departments will preferentially purchase green products and continuously manage their purchasing performance to contribute to Green Olympic Games.
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
Hosting the Olympic Winter Games and service of green certified products do not appear highly relevant. ROK has previously utilized products from social enterprises and green certified companies, and promotes their usage. The Organizing Committee is advancing cooperation with enterprises for a successful and environment-friendly Olympic Winter Games. Daedong Industrial Company is an official sponsor of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and has offered support through providing environment-friendly tractors that have received the highest tier 4 certification for diesel engine exhaust gas by the United States Environmental Protection Agency21). Also, the Chinese company, Hwawei, has been selected as one of the priority enterprises for the network equipment sector22). Utilizing domestically produced equipments would have been a good case to support overseas expansion of domestic enterprises, and the ICT products and services qualified during the Games could be used for national export promotion strategies, but it was not feasible considering financial budgets of the projects and the situation of domestic small and medium enterprises. Samsung Group provided 100 billion KRW of financial support23) to PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and many other companies like KT, Korean Airline, Youngone Corporation, Samil PwC, Pagoda Education Group, and Bae, Kim & Lee LLC. also participated as sponsors.
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□ En 09-2 Case Study : Participation of Local Communities of Gangwon-do
Gangwon-do hosted「Hello PyeongChang Winter Festival at Gangneung Dano Park from February 4th to 6th, and at Pyeongchang Phoenix Park from February 18th to 20th. This was to promote an Olympic Boom with just 2 years left until PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games and to commemorate the test event to be held for the first time. To prepare a successful Economic Olympic Games, booths on Gangwon-do's local products were set up. Outstanding small and medium enterprises, social enterprises, and information network village introduced various products. 300 enterprises that represent local economy exhibited and promoted a total of 800 best-selling products in the booths. The 'Gangwon-do main booth' had the best of the region's products from bio·medical products and cosmetics to food, focusing on the products that were well received in expositions home and abroad, and those to be launched in Shilla Duty Free Store. The products promoted by Gangwon-do were divided and exhibited in booths for food, well-being, agricultural and fisheries, local products. There were also experience programs for foreigners and students·children, like the traditional wedding ceremony programs or making of pressed flower, dried pollack rice crackers, rice cookie, and garlic stalk cookie. The main booth had automatic interpretation and translation system with voice recognition, exhibiting cutting-edge technology for hosting the Olympic Games without language barriers. Moreover, professional MDs with excellent command of foreign languages were employed, product description leaflets were drafted in four languages(Korean·English·Chinese·Japanese), and comprehensive catalogues on products were provided. Local enterprises had an opportunity to appeal to foreign tourists as well as domestic customer through these means. In addition, efforts were made to boost the main booths of the Festival and promote outstanding products of local enterprises, like publicizing the exhibited products through local media such as ‘Gangneung Weekly' and 'Kangwon Ilbo'. Oh Won-jong, Director of Economic Promotion Bureau said that "this Festival will be an opportunity to upgrade our products and strengthen the global competitive power of Gangwon-do's leading·outstanding products by enhancing their quality and package design, etc. We will make the best of our efforts to make the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games the new driving force behind the economy of Gangwon-do24)."
The PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games is managing and promoting test events like the Festival on the ‘Hello PyeongChang’ website, and a total of 28 international competitions are scheduled to take place in the stadiums before the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Test events are the final steps of inspection for an accumulation of game operation experiences like field of play, measurement, and game results system. Their purpose is to examine the preparatory plans of the Organizing Committee and deliver them to interested parties, and train and test the staffs in the stadiums for an effective report and problem solving process, in order to enhance the festive atmosphere during the Olympic Games.
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The Organizing Committee considers the test events as an opportunity to experience in advance the region and stadium where the Olympic & Paralympic Games will be held and feel at home during the actual Games. It also expects to publicize the international events and the Olympic & Paralympic Games to the public in a more familiar method, and provide easy access to participating in the festivities25).
Gangwon-do has established 「Standards for Preferential Treatment to Local Enterprises」 on January 16, 2013, in accordance to Article 62 of the 「Special Act of Support for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games」 and Article 40(Preferential Treatment for Local Enterprises) of the Enforcement Decree on this Act. As a result of applying these standards to the bidding and contract of construction services for 7 months, 23 local enterprises participated in 12 projects with a share of 41.3%(Preferential treatment standard: 35%), and thus engaged in construction while exceeding the initially planned share by 6.3%.
Let us analyze the impact of the standards for preferential treatment of local enterprises. The total construction project budget is 848.1 billion KRW. Over 35% of the planning·supervision budget (20.3 billion out of 57.5 billion KRW), over 45% of the construction budget(356.4 billion out of 790.6 billion KRW), and over 30% of the subcontractors(116.1 billion KRW) were obtained by local enterprises. It is expected that the construction industry will see a boom in Gangwon-do, as local enterprises take up a share of 58.1% of the total construction projects(492.8 billion KRW)26).
Thus, Gangwon-do is striving to "expand participation of local enterprises to projects related to PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games". It has begun legislative efforts to let local enterprises be involved in all facility construction with a share of at least 49%, and is also continuously endeavoring to connect its products and services with PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.
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□ En 10-1 Damages from Natural Disasters
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do), Host City(Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun)
Data Issues
The size and frequency of natural disasters have been increasing worldwide recently, and ROK is no exception. Damages from natural disasters occur each year, and constant monitoring is needed as they may pose risks on Olympic Games and related facilities. The natural disaster index is not included in the IOC standards, but is an important factor for a successful Olympic Games, and it is necessary for OGI study to continue evaluation of the influence of natural disasters. Data from National Disaster Information Center(http://www.safekorea.go.kr/) is utilized. ◦ Heavy Snow : A large amount of snow in a short period. Generally refers to snowfall greater than or equal to 1～3cm an hour, 5～20cm in the past 24 hours ◦ Heavy rain : Large amount of precipitation in a short period. Rainfall greater than or equal to 30mm in 1 hour, in the case of ROK. ◦ Gale : Over 14m/s of sustained surface winds or over 20m/s of instantaneous wind velocity. In the mountains, over 14m/s of sustained surface winds or over 25m/s of instantaneous wind velocity ◦ Typhoon : A tropical cyclone of maximum centric velocity over 17m/s, carrying rain storms ◦ Wind Wave : Wind velocity on the surface over 14m/s lasts for more than 3 hours, or the significant wave height is over 3m ◦ Forest Fire : A fire in an area of combustible vegetation with human or natural causes inside an area defined as forest. Frequent and causes much damage in Gangwon-do
Presentation
□ See tables overleaf.
Analysis
Gangwon-do is a region where typhoon and heavy rain incurs large-scale damage in the summer. Gangneung-si and Pyeongchang-gun was especially damaged by Typhoon Rusa in 2002, Typhoon Maemi in 2003, and heavy rain in 2006. It has also seen damage from heavy snow every winter. Damage from typhoons have been insignificant recent years, and damage from win waves and gale is distanced from the Host City. However, large-scale forest fires have plagued the region, heightening the need for continuous prevention activities. Gangwon-do and Host City is a region exposed to frequent typhoons and heavy rain in the summer along with forest fires, so efforts to establish a preparatory and safe position is necessary. During the winter when PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games opens, heavy snow may cause traffic or facility problems, thus exhibiting the need for sustained monitoring
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Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
Efforts for a safe Olympic Games in the broad term, including prevention of natural disasters, are being executed on the national level and also on the part of the Host City. ROK is regularly monitoring safety issues with the local and municipal authorities. Also, Gangwon-do is making efforts on its own to host a safe Olympic Games from disasters and catastrophes.27) Moreover, a Safety Priority Plan for the Olympic Winter Games in progress, such as establishing a safe communication network for disasters(’15.10~’16.4), and reorganizing districts in danger of natural disasters in the area. A specific fire fighting safety plan also supports this, through operating a fire fighting safety headquarters (’17 fall), and a forward deployment of fire fighting manpower(a daily average of 408 persons, 68 equipments). Meteorological services will be enhanced to host a safe Olympic Games28) and comply with bid-6, 11 of the Bid File.
Damages from Heavy Snow (Unit: persons, million KRW)
Source : National Disaster Information Center(http://www.safekorea.go.kr/)
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Status of Forest Fire Damage (Unit : Cases, ha, million KRW) 2011 2012 2013 2014 Region Cases Size Damage Cases Size Damage Cases Size Damage Cases Size Damage
Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
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2. Socio-cultural Indicators
The sociocultural sector consists of 14 topics, 33 core subjects and 5 case studies, and the impact of the Olympic Games was analyzed to be an average of 61.6%. The topics the most greatly influenced by the Olympics were Living Sports, Elite Sports, Human Development, Anti-Doping Program, Olympics-Induced Housing, Sports for the Disabled, Social Media, the Public Opinions and Cooperation.
Overall, the relevance was 69.6%, and based on the relevance categorized by the 3 grades of H, M, and L, the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games was analyzed to influence the overall sociocultural sector. The core subjects with high relevance were Pressure Groups, Compliance of public building with accessibility criteria, Opinion Poll, Cooperation with the Stakeholders, Participation of the Minorities, the Perception of People with Disabilities in Society, Poverty and Social Exclusion, Health, Crime Rate, Transmission of Traditional Culture, Sports Facilities, Sports Events, and Olympics-induced housing, which are parts influenced by the Olympics. On the other hand, Deferment and abandonment of public policies, Fostering Minorities, Education Level, Nutrition, Hosting City’s Cultural Activities, Health Safety Management, and Local Foods were not influenced much by the Olympics. In other words, the sectors that may have external changes, or have enhanced achievements by the input of capital appeared to have great changes by the Olympics. On the other hand, though it is not linked greatly, the additional sectors of Opinion Poll and Social Recognition had high relevance with the Olympics.
The ratings categorized into the 3 sectors of G, Y, and R, were 69.6%, mostly receiving positive impact overall from the Olympic Competition. Especially, Votes Connected with Olympic games and Paralympic Games, Compliance of public building with accessibility criteria, Participation of Minorities in the Competition, Poverty and Social Exclusion, Education Level, Crime Rate, Health, Host City Culture Activity, Sports Facilities, Living Standards and Social Media seemed to be influenced positively by the Olympics. On the other hand, Health Safety Management, Local Foods, South and North Korea’s Sociocultural Exchange, Fostering of Minorities, Nutrition, and Adherence of Accessibility Standards of the Olympic Venue did not seem to be influenced largely by the Olympics.
The confidence level categorized into the 3 intervals of H, M, and L was 45.4%, showing the confidence level of the data being below average. Among them, the Compliance of public building with accessibility criteria, Press Research, Poverty and Being Socially Left Out, Crime Rate, Health, Hosting City’s Cultural Activities, Sports and Physical Activities, Physical Education and School Sports, Sports Facilities, Top-Level Sportsmen, Main Hosted Sports Events, National Anti-Doping Program, Media and Hosting City Image, Sports for the disabled, and Social Media utilized approved statistics, having high credibility. On the other hand, items that have not happened or intangible items, including Votes Connected with Olympic games and Paralympic Games, Deferment and abandonment of public policies, Pressure Groups, Adherence to the Accessibility Criteria of Olympic Venues, Cooperation with the Stakeholders, Participation of Minorities
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(Married immigrant women, students from abroad), Fostering Minorities (married immigrant women, students from abroad, elderly people), Perception of People with Disabilities in Society, Education Level, Nutrition, Olympic Culture/Education Program, Passing on Traditional Culture (Jeongseon Arirang, Gangneung Dano) had the confidence level below average.
Also, the main projects securing both the relevance and confidence to the Olympic Games are Compliance of public building with accessibility criteria, Poverty and Being Socially Left Out, Crime Rate, Health, Sports and Physical Activities, Physical Education and School Sports, Sports Facilities, Top-Level Sportsmen, Main Hosted Sports Events, National Anti-Doping Program, Media and Image of the Host City, Sports for the disabled, and Social Media, with the Olympic Games influencing fields that could be constructed to carry out IOC’s anti-doping regulations, considerations of the players’ health, and provision of accommodation and sports facilities. On the other hand, in votes Connected with Olympic games and Paralympic Games, Deferment and abandonment of public policies, Adherence to the Accessibility Criteria of the Olympic Venue, Fostering Minorities (married immigrant women, students from abroad, elderly people), Education Level, Nutrition, Olympic Culture/Education Program, Health and Safety Management, and Local Foods are the most difficult sectors to be evaluated, having low relevance and confidence level to the Olympic Games.
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So 01 Political, Social, Legal Institutions - Votes Connected with Olympic games and 01-1 MGM 3 Paralympic Games 01-2 - Deferment and Abandonment of Public Policies M Y M 3, 16
01-3 - Pressure Groups H Y M 3
So 02 Accessibility to Public Buildings and Stadiums - Compliance of Public Buildings With Accessibility 02-1 HGH 10 Criteria - Compliance of Olympic Venues with Accessibility 02-2 M Y M 10, 11, 15 Criteria So 03 Public Opinion and Cooperation
03-1 - Opinion Poll H G H
03-2 - Cooperation with Stakeholders H G M
So 04 Participation and Promotion of Minority Groups - Participation of Minorities (Married immigrant 04-1 HGM women, students from abroad) in the Games - Fostering Minorities (Married immigrant women, 04-2 MYM students from abroad, elderly people)
04-3 - Perception of People with Disabilities in Society H G M 1, 2
So 05 Human Development
05-1 - Poverty and Social Exclusion H G H
05-2 - Education Level M G M 2
05-3 - Crime Rate H G H
05-4 - Health H G H 11
05-5 - Nutrition M Y M 11
So 06 Culture
06-1 - Cultural Activities of the Host Cities M G H 14, 17
06-2 - Olympic Culture and Education Program M Y M 14
- Transmission of Traditional Culture (Jeongseon 06-3 HGM14, 17 Arirang, Gangneung Dano)
So 07 Living Sports and Elite Sports
165 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
07-2 - Physical Education and School Sports H G H 1, 2, 9
07-3 - Sports Facilities H G H 2
07-4 - Top-Level Sportsmen H G H 2
07-5 - Hosted Major Sports Events H G H 2, 8, 10, 12
So 08 National Anti-Doping Program
08-1 - National Anti-Doping Program H G H 12
Housing Induced by PyeongChang 2018 Olympic So 09 Winter Games - Housing Induced by PyeongChang 2018 Olympic 09-1 HGM11, 17 Winter Games
09-2 - Housing Conditions H G M 1
So 10 Media Image of Host City
10-1 - Images of Host Cities Depicted by Media H G H 5, 10, 17
So 11 Disabled Sports
11-1 - Disabled Sports H G H 10
So 12 Health and Safety
12-1 - Health and Safety Management M Y M 3, 6, 10, 11
12-2 - Local Food M Y M 2
So 13 Inter-Korean Exchanges
13-1 - Inter-Korean Exchanges in Socio cultural Area H Y M
13-2 - Inter-Korean Trade H Y M
So 14 Social Media
14-1 - Social Media H G H 17
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□ So 01-1 Votes Connected with Olympic Games and Paralympic Games
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do)
Overview
The purpose is to measure the voting activities through the assembly or citizen votes related to the activities linked to the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, and this signifies showing the perspectives of political groups regarding various issues related to the Olympics through the changes of the party in power, construction and securing of cooperation, and creation of political conflict. This citizen vote signifies the public support and the public engagement regarding the Olympic games and Paralympic games.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf.
Analysis
Gangwon-do has tried three times in total to host the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games. Until the hosting of the games was secured in 2011, the comparatively high national or regional political/social support regarding hosting the Olympic Winter Games was maintained, and the objection opinion from national or political perspective was not strong that it did not develop into a political dispute.
Impact Relevance M Rating G Confidence M
In the hosting process of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, by selecting the final Host City through objective selection procedure, the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games was supported. This is not limited to the selection of the Host City of the Olympic Winter Games, but may be utilized in the overall decision-making of Republic of Korea. On the other hand, the ‘Law Supporting International Competitions’ planned during the hosting process of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games supported to cause positive impacts in the support criteria of international competitions, hosting approval procedure, support scope, and permission and approval criteria of competition related facilities 29). This is judged to be promoted to comply with the Bid File(bid-3).
29) Seo, Sehoon(2012),Analysis of the Policies in the Process of Inviting Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, Hanyang University Doctorate Degree Thesis Paper
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Votes Related to the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games, National Assembly
Bill 2002 2010 2011 2013
Supporting Resolution to Invite the PyeongChang 2010 Olympic Winter Games ✓ Supporting Resolution to Invite the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games ✓ Special Law to Support the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Games ✓ Law to Support International Sports Competition ✓ Source : Republic of Korea National Assembly(http://www.assembly.go.kr/assm/userMain/main.do)
Gangwon-do Assembly’s Legislations Related to the Olympic&Paralympic Winter Games
Bill `07 `08 `09 `10 `11 `12 `13 `14 `15 Resolution to Reattempt Inviting the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic ✓ Winter Games Agreement to Invoice the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter ✓ Games Ordinance Bill to Support Inviting the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic ✓ Winter Games Agreement Form to Invite the PyeongChang 2013 Special Olympic ✓ World Winter Games Agenda of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Invitation ✓ Support PyeongChang 2013 Special Olympic World Winter Games ✓ Organization Committee Establishment Support Agenda Proposition to Designate Olympic Winter Games special zone ✓ Gangwon-do Assembly Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games ✓ Support Special Committee Resolution Regional Folk Culture Festival to Successfully Host Pyeongchang ✓ 2018 Olympic Winter Games Proposition for Fostering ✓ Agenda for Establishing PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter ✓ Games Special Committee 2013 PyeongChang Winter Special Olympic World Competition ✓ Sports Facilities Enhancing Project Agreement Ordinance Bill to Support Development of Gangwon-do linked to ✓ the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Resolution to Compose Special Committee for PyeongChang 2018 ✓ Olympic Winter Games by the Gangwon-do Assembly Agenda to Compose Special Committee for the Pyeongchang 2018 ✓ Olympic Winter Games by Gangwon-do Assembly Agenda for Additional Appointment for the Special Committee for ✓ the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Ordinance Bill to Prevent Improper Construction of the ✓ PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Stadium Agreement to Propel Olympic Winter Games (Agenda) ✓ Agenda to promote 「Peace Olympic」 between the South and North Korea to Successfully Host the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic ✓ Winter Games Data : Gangwon-do Assembly Agenda Processing System (http://billgangwon.council.or.kr/)
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□ So 01-2 Deferment and Abandonment of Public Policies
Country (Republic of Korea) Overview
It is the core subject which evaluates the deferment or abandonment of public policies and developmental projects due to competition with projects regarding the Olympic and Paralympic Games, and is utilized in identifying the reorientation of the direction of public policy from hosting the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games. For this, the abandoned or deferred (by several months or several years) public policy was applied.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf.
Analysis
The public policies abandoned due to the hosting the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games were caused to 1) lift environmental regulations to construct PyeongChang Winter Olympic stadiums and related infrastructures, and 2) to lift the regulations created to prevent excessive real-estate trade and increase of price.
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
The Park Geun Hye administration's keynote of governance lies in deregulations, connective cooperation, exchange of information, and maximizing the happiness of the people. For the successful hosting of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games, the construction of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games stadia and related infrastructure includes efforts to relax environmental and regulations, and regulations to suppress real-estate transaction costs. For this purpose, the government aggressively carried out Government 3.0 and deregulative policies. Especially, through deregulation of both national and regional level policies, efforts to enhance the competency and the economic power of the region, and to relieve the conflict for economic maintenance are being carried out. Such deregulative measures are carried out in 2014, 2015 and 2016 annually in national perspectives to discover outstanding projects for each region to support budgets and incentives. This is judged to be appropriate to carry out the promises of Bid File (bid-3,16).
Deferred or Postponed Public Policy
Category 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Lifting Regions Permitting Contract of Land ✓ Trade Lifting of Forest Gene Protection Region ✓ (Partial)
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□ So 01-3 Pressure Groups
Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
Pressure groups refer to the political movements or social movements participating directly and indirectly in politics , and though they are not elected representative, but social dynamism is often linked to whether there are social organizations that may challenge them. In such context, engagement of civic society regarding the public issues, and whether they are able to suggest new public issues, the pressure groups' current status must be regularly evaluated. The list of the most active pressure groups in support or object to the Olympic Games were to be identified and formed into a list, based on the number of members (Summer Olympic Games: 500 or more, Olympic Winter Games: 200 or more) and the press report of the activities of the given group, in order to enlist the most important organization. Especially, the focus was on which issues and through which methods (through which means) the pressure groups objected the hosting of the Olympic Games.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf. Analysis
Within Gangwon-do, aggressive objection was difficult to be carried out, because of the massive investment on infrastructure, enhancement of the existing infrastructure of less development regions, and promotion of regional development induced by hosting the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, and especially with Gangwon-do being successful in inviting the Olympic Games after two failures, the hosting of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games was considered to be a core policy aim to decide the future of Gangwon-do so that there were no movement to object to the inviting or hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. There were opinions of some progressive parties, civic organizations and environmental organizations, and though some objected aggressively toward the inviting or hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, they did not gain much support. The objection of the civic organizations of Gangwon-do arose in the process of declaring the invitation of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games for the third time in 2007. The civic organizations suggested fundamental questions on whether the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games is truly a significant event to the future of Gangwon-do, but rather than objection on inviting the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, the decision to attempt inviting the Olympic Games for the third time was not transparent that the attention was drawn on that the third challenge must be declared and made more carefully and democratically. However, as the third challenge to invite the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games was declared, the activities of the pressure groups were converted to the activities of pointing out that transparency was lacked in the decision process of deciding the third challenge, requesting to refrain from the environmental damage and excessive developmental activities from hosting the Olympic Games, and to request 1) careful promotion, or 2) necessity of efforts to minimize influence to the environment, 3) to transparently use the budget of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Hosting Committee in concern of the exacerbation of the regions hosting and not hosting the Olympic Games within Gangwon-do, and uneven distribution of national/Gangwon-do budget.
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The actions of pressure groups were conducted based on the civic organizations within Gangwon-do, where the Olympic Games are held, but they were mostly small in size, and due to limitations in posing large influence, they underwent collective action through the alliance of “Gangwon Civil Society Organizations Network”. Among these civic organizations, some would declare statements to suggest opinions or demonstrate, when issues related to the main cities of Chuncheon, Wonju, Gangneung, Sokcho or the regions near the Olympic venues including Hoengseong and Hongcheon occur. The actions of the pressure groups show specific changes after the inviting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, and the 14 environmental organizations, including Green Union, Forest of Life, and the Environmental Movement Union united with the existing Gangwon Citizen Organization Association Conference to form “Committee to Preserve Gariwang-san and Environmental Olympics” to protect the plant and fauna of Gariwang-san in which the ski ramp will be constructed, mainly carrying out activities to construct the ski ramp elsewhere (Document of the committee to preserve Gariwang-san and Environmental Olympics). For such purposes, the “committee” is carrying out declaration of statements, research on the distribution of flora and fauna of Gariwang-san, and formation of media opinion through the press. However, related to their activities, as activation of the regional economy from the construction of stadiums, there was conflict with the citizens of Jeongseon region agreeing to the construction of stadiums. Also, based on the financial burden, hosting of international events, and the vicious cycle of waste of budget from the Olympic Winter Games, they are carrying out activities to stop wasting tax and environmental damage, and to disperse the hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.
Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence M
The actions of the pressure groups had been carried out continuously, but the activities of the pressurizing organizations related to the Olympics occurred due to the hosting of the Olympics. The existing pressurizing organizations were operated for the protection of environments and rights, and has high relevance in the operation of pressurizing organizations in broad perspective. Regarding hosting of the Olympics, a citizen gathering to promote the dispersion of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games has been inaugurated 30)and being operated, and in survey related to the dispersed hosting of the Olympic Winter Games, there was the result that though they objected to the dispersed hosting within and outside of South Korea, they agreed to disperse the hosting within South Korea by 79.2%, showing much support for the Olympic Winter Games. 31) Though the utilization and operation of pressure groups from the overall perspective could be judged to have been influenced from hosting the hosting of the Olympic Games, it is judged that the hosting of the Olympic Games is not the largest influencing factor. Especially, due to the activities of pressure groups regarding utilization of budget, the influence of the hosting of the Olympic Games is not purely positive. On the other hand, the effort to carry out the promises of the Bid File (bid-3) is fundamentally being made.
Gangwon Civil Society Union of 42 Civic Organizations ✓ Organizations Network
The 42 member organizations of Gangwon Civil Society Organizations Committee to preserve Network, and 42 environmental Gariwang-san and ✓✓ organizations including Green Union, Environmental Olympics Forest of Life, Environmental Movement Union
Chuncheon Citizen Union ✓
Chuncheon Citizen’s Coalition for Economic Justice, Gangneung Citizen’s Coalition for ✓ Economic Justice, Sokcho Citizen’s Coalition for Economic Justice
Sports Culture Research Institute, National Physical Education Instructor Gathering, Sports Citizen Union, Citizen Union, Sociocultural Research Institute, Culture Union, Citizen Gathering Promoting Press Union, Art and City Society the Dispersed Hosting of the Research Institute, Korea Folk Art ✓ PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Organization Union, Korea Winter Games Environmental Conference, Gangwon Citizen Society Organization Conference, Korea Writer Conference, Human Rights Education Center ‘Deul’, Sharing Culture
Source : Documents from the Chunchon Citizen Union, Citizen’s Coalition for Economic Justice Chuncheon, press conference material inaugurated by the Citizen Gathering Promoting the Dispersed Hosting of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
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□ So 01-4 Case Study : Special Act and Special Zones Related to
the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
〈Case 1: Establishment of Special Act on Support for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games〉
The Special Act on Support for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games was passed in the National Assembly in January, 2012 after successfully inviting the Olympics in 2011, and Gangwon-do installed special zones for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games in the host city according to this act. This was planned not merely as measures for the successful hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, but for the hosting of the Games to be led to the overall development of Gangwon-do.
Republic of Korea National Assembly’s Establishment of Special Act on Support for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Bill Name 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Special Act on Support for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and ✓ Paralympic Winter Games
〈Case 2: Designation of Special Zones for the PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games>
Based on the Special Act on Support for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, Gangwon-do designated special zones at the Host Cities of Gangneung-si, Pyeongchang-gun, and Jeongseons-gun to create the conditions for the successful hosting and sustainability of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and to lead to the innovative methods for Gangwon-do and nation’s development, and the sustainable heritage for regional development, through consideration of the citizens’ civil complaints and the progress of the projects. To raise awareness of the history and culture of Republic of Korea to the tourists visiting during the Games period and to provide better services, new special zones were designated near the Olympic stadium and other Olympic-related facilities to actualize Culture Olympics, and facilities to invite tourists, including leisure and healing were introduced to maintain the symbolic meaning of hosting the Olympic Games, and to lead to the sustainable regional development power even after the conclusion of the Games.
The special zones are designated to support the successful hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and currently 17 zones of 30.7㎢(Pyeongchang special zone 16.5㎢, Gangneung special zone 5.4㎢, Bongpyeong special zone 4.4㎢ , Jeongseon special zone 3.6㎢ ) are designated in the Host Cities of Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si and Jeongseon-gun to pursue sustainable regional development of the Host City after the Games. The integrated plan for each sector of the special zone project is composed of
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transportation and living infrastructure, Olympic support, living/city landscape, and tourism development/promotion, and the time-length of the project is 20 years from 2013 to 2032. The successful hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, sustainable regional development, the health and vitality promotion of the residents and the regional society, the development of regional balance, provision of the related policies and budget support of the central government and the regional government, inviting investment by the domestic and foreign investors, and the investment promotion of the civil businesses are anticipated.
The total amount invested to the special zones of Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is 3.6782 trillion KRW, consisting of 255.1 billion KRW of national budget (6.9%), 230.1 billion KRW of regional tax (6.3%), and private capital of 3.193 trillion KRW(86.8%). The investment plan was established through consideration of the direction of development and possibility of actualization Total investment can be categorized into 3.413 trillion KRW for tourism development/promotion (82.7%), 325 billion KRW for transport living infrastructure (8.8%), 227.5 billion KRW for living and city landscape (6.2%), and 84.4 billion KRW for Olympic Support (2.3%).
Integrated Plan for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Special Zone
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Integrated Plan for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Special Zone
Title Area Name Area(㎢) Alpensia / Yongpyeong Resort Area 12.25 Jinbu City Regeneration Area 1.20 Olympic Gateway Area 1.03 Pyeongchang Health Olympic Tourism Base Racility Area 0.26 Integrated Special Region Nature Complying Leisure and Experiencing Area 1.44 Nature Meditating / Culture Experiencing Area 0.21 Daegwallyeong Tourism Area 0.15 Culture and Sports Complex Area 0.64 Green Business / Marine Leisure Area 3.99 Gangneung Integrated Culture Traditional Historical Cultural Area 0.33 Olympic Special Zone Railroad Department Olympic Tourism Site Area 0.20 Sogeum River Hot Springs Leisure / Experiential Tourism Area 0.28 Bongpyeong Leisure / Cultural Sports Entertainment Area 4.27 Creation Special Zone Culture Creation Area 0.13 Gangneung LOHAS Leisure Geumjin Hot Springs Leisure Area 0.18 Special Zone Jeongdongjin Tourism Leisure Area 0.50 Jeongseon Ecological Experience Jeongseon Environmental Experience Special Area 3.64 Special Area Total 17 areas 30.7 Source : Revision of Integrated Plans for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Special Zone (Gangwon-do Homepage, http://www.provin.gangwon.kr/)
〈Case 3: The Organization of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee〉
The PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee was organized in October 2011, right after the invitation of the competition established the invitation of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games as the agenda for the Do as the Governor of Gangwon-do, and not only did it appoint Kim Jin Seon, the former governor of Gangwon-do as the head of the Organizing Committee, for successful hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, but also appointed figure of the administrative government, politics and finances in various positions including the vice chair, counselor, executive committee and the advising committee, in order to establish cooperative relationship with the central administration, politics and the economy.
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Organization of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee
Organization Number of People Chair 1 Vice Chair 9 Counselor 6 Member of the Executive Committee 23 Member of the Advising Committee 43 Member 47 Total 129 Source : Pyeongchang Organizing Committee for 2018 Olympic Winter Games(http://www.pyeongchang2018.com/)
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□ So 02-1 Compliance of Public Buildings with Accessibility Criteria
Country (Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do), Host City(Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun) Overview
According to the Act on Accommodation of the Disabled, the Elderly and Pregnant Women, among the legal facilities, the adherence to the accessibility is measured on the public buildings (The buildings of the regional government, buildings of the national institutions, courts and police offices), cultural, gathering facilities, hospitals and clinics, public toilets and other facilities, and measurement on public buildings have the subject of the newly constructed, reconstructed, and extended buildings. As for the accessibility of criteria, with the subject of installation of ramps and bathrooms, the subject of research included mediating facilities (accessing road, parking area, removal of the difference of height), internal (main entrance, general entrance, hallways, stairs, ramps, elevators, wheelchair lift), sanitation (general, toilet bowl, urinal, sinks, bathing rooms, shower rooms), guidance (inducement and guidance facilities, warning and evacuation facilities, Braille blocks), other facilities (guest rooms, bedrooms, reading and watching rooms, reception desks, ticket booths), measuring 70 items per one place. The data to measure the adherence to the accessibility of the public buildings utilized “Measurement of the convenience facilities for the disabled” conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare carried out in 2013, and the overall research will be taken after 5 years. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
The facilities with convenience facilities for the disabled include 4,467 units within Gangwon-do, which amounts to 3.2% nationally. Buildings to have these facilities will increase as the houses, stadiums, and competition support facilities are built. ALso, in 2013, the installation rate of the convenience facilities for the disabled in Gangwon-do in 2013 was 71.4%, being 3.5% higher than the national average of 67.9%, and the optimal installation rate was 64.3% in Gangwon-do, being 4.1% higher than the national average of 60.2%. Among the hosting regions of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, the region with the highest installation rate of the convenience facilities for the disabled was Jeongseon-gun, having the installation rate of 78.4%. Next is Pyeongchang-gun, having 75.8%, aand Gangneung-si with 60.6%. In terms of the installation rate, only Gangneung-si is 60.6% and below the national average, and Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun are over the national average, and in the optimal installation rate, Jeongseon-gun is 73.3%, Pyeongchang-gun is 70.3% and Gangneung-si is 53.2%. The rate of Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun is above the national average by 10%, but Gangneung-si is below the national average.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
For the hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, the accessibility of the public buildings was promised on the Bid File(bid-10), and efforts to carry out the promise appears to have been carried out. For this purpose, the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee must establish an accessibility manual to prepare the competition, and preserve it as the social heritage of Republic of South Korea.32). Also, the budget for the disabled sports of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism has
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increased by 13% compared to 2015, and will be utilized for fostering, including building traning facilities for the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic Games33). However, according to the living status survey for 2014, the accessibility to the public facilities in Gangwon-do was 71.1% (397,519 houses meeting the standards among the 559,405 houses), being rather lower than the national average (78.4%, 14,123,164 houses meeting the standards among the 17,999,283 houses), being comparatively low compared to other Si and Do34).
Installation Rate of Convenience Facilities for the Disabled in Gangwon-do
Number of Number of Number of Optimal Optimal Installation Based on 2013 Installation Rate (%) Facilities Installations Installations Rate (%) All Nation 6,305,374 4,283,679 67.9 3,795,148 60.2 Gangwon-do 157,822 112,669 71.4 101,542 64.3 Pyeongchang-gun 5,612 4,256 75.8 3,943 70.3 Gangneung-si 17,511 10,618 60.6 9,318 53.2 Jeongseon-gun 4,851 3,801 78.4 3,555 73.3 Source : Research on the Current Status of the Convenience Facilities for the Disabled in 2013 (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2013)
Installation of the Convenience Facilities for the Disabled by -si and -do
Appropriate Subject Number of Number of Installation Number of Optimal Region Installation Rate Buildings Facilities Installations Rate(%) Installations (%) Seoul 18,529 698,539 469,537 67.2 423,987 60.7 Busan 9672 445,606 318,466 71.5 293,709 65.9 Daegu 702 236,084 170,423 72.2 2,237 64.5 Incheon 10,450 415,069 277,264 66.8 247,923 59.7 Gwangju 5050 229,268 161,775 70.6 140,738 61.4 Daejeon 3,535 109,913 78,329 71.3 70,351 64 Ulsan 3,606 173,880 122,601 70.5 116,142 66.8 Gyeonggi 29,541 1,326,389 923,628 69.6 827,777 62.4 Gangwon 4,467 157,822 112,669 71.4 101,542 64.3 Chungbuk 4,927 252,523 152,183 60.3 133,251 52.8 Chungnam 7,538 367,452 237,977 64.8 201,350 54.8 (Sejong) Jeonbuk 7,159 333,595 227,433 68.2 202,147 60.6 Jeonnam 7,553 404,951 260,484 64.3 209,999 51.9 Gyeongbuk 10,270 515,110 334,029 64.8 286,019 55.5 Gyeongnam 9,351 493,597 333,975 67.7 293,858 59.5 Jeju 2,921 145,576 102,906 70.7 94,118 64.7 Republic of Korea 141,573 6,305,374 4,283,679 67.9 3,795,148 60.2 Source : Research on the Current Status of the Convenience Facilities for the Disabled in 2013 (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2013)
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□ So 02-2 Compliance of Olympic Venues with Accessibility Criteria
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do), Host City(Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun) Overview
The Olympic Venue facilities should be measured on the items suggested by the laws promoting the conveniences of the disabled, elderly people, and pregnant women to measure whether they are adhering to standards.
Presentation
As the Olympic Venue is under construction, actual measurements cannot be provided. Therefore, as an alternative Indicator, the venue design results receiving preparatory certification of “Barrier Free Living Environment Certification Policy” from the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs was suggested as a case study.
Analysis
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
The relevance between the hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games and the venue facilities could be judged as high. However, the content of the Bid File regarding the accessibility with the venue facilities had been carried out in Republic of Korea before hosting of the olympics that it may be difficult to suggest the direct relationship with the hosting of the Olympics. The stadia of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games need barrier-free(BF) certifications for the facilities criteria of the IOC and the international competition, but the organization for the disabled within the DO pointed out that the BF(Barrier-free) certification does not guarantee the convenience of the disabled. 35). Also, from the actual measurement/designing stage, the participation of the disabled was demanded, and the education of the non-disabled was pointed out to be necessary along with the enhancement of the convenience facilities that the influence of the Olympic Winter Games on securing accessibility is not high. On the other hand, the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee is supporting the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games by embarking on international consulting to enhance accessibility to the Olympic stadiums to carry out the Bid File(bid-10, 11, 15)36).
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□ So 02-3 Case Study : Olympic Venue Design’s Acquisition of “Barrier-free Living Environment Preparatory Certification”
〈Case 1 : Barrier-Free Living Environment Preparatory Certification Acquisition〉
Barrier-Free Living Environment Certification Policy refers to the policy of the evaluation and certification of the installation and management of convenience facilities and mobility convenience facilities by credible organizations. The certification policy is categorized as the policy of attributing preparatory certification in the designing stage before the completion of the building, and of the Olympic Venues, of the 4 buildings completed of its design, the Barrier-Free Living Environment Preparatory Certification was gained in the highest grade.
PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games Barrier-Free Living Environment Preparatory Certification for the New Stadia
[Certification 3] Preparatory Certification No.323 Building : Gangneung Hockey Centre(Gangwon- do Gangneung-si)
– Applicant Organization : Gangwon-do
– Certified Building : Gangneung Hockey Centre
– Certification Acquisition Date : March 19, 2014
– Certification Grade : Highest Grade (★★★)
[Certification 4] Preparatory Certification No.324 Building : Kwandong Hockey Centre(Gangwon-d o Gangneung-si)
– Applicant Organization : Gangwon-do
– Certified Building : Kwandong Hockey Centre
– Certification Acquisition Date : March 19, 2014
– Certification Grade : Highest Grade (★★★)
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〈Case 2 : Establishment of Accessibility Manual for Olympic Winter Games Without Discrimination >
The accessibility manual of Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee is based on three fundamental principles of equality, dignity, and functionality, and thus focuses on overcoming the physical condition, age, and language, and to respect the physically weakened, including the disabled, elderly, and pregnant women, in order to allow everyone to access all venues, services, and the host city infrastructure without discrimination. Along with the ‘IPC Accessibility Guide’ provided by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), the domestic laws of 「Anti-Discrimination Against and Remedies for Persons with Disabilities Act」, 「Act on the Promotion and Guarantee of Access for the Disabled, the Aged, and Pregnent Women to facilities」 were considered, and higher standards have been selected to actualize higher accessibilities in the Pyeongchang competition 37).
The Organizing Committee cooperated closely with the IPC during the establishment of the initial plan, and received the opinions of the various classes including the players and other disabled people, Paralympic professional committee, and external expert groups including construction, disabled people’s group, and academic groups during 4 months by 7 times to establish the manual.
The main content of the accessibility manual provides suggestions for accessibility standards regarding the overall facilities, including the access route, parking area, ramp, stairs and elevators, and especially managed the bedrooms, bathrooms and bathing rooms within the guest rooms, and suggested not only the services of various fields, including publication, communication and transport, as well as standards of the hosting city to refer to by the Organizing Committee, Gangwon-do, and each Si and Gun.
PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Accessibility Manual
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〈Case 3 : The Expansion of Web Accessibility by the Disabled to the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Homepage〉
Web accessibility refers to making adjustments to the digital environments for all users to utilize contents to have effective interaction, undergoing the several revisions and adjustments for not only the non-disabled but disabled as well, including the font size of the websites to the data included in the page to satisfy the requests of all users38).
The term ‘accessibility’ is related with the recommendations of W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), and W3C is an organization which sets standards for online content creation and interpretation, and for more accessible web condition of users. The functions provided to make homepage usage easier for those needing help, including the disabled by Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Games homepage are as the following.
– For the visibly disabled, modals (images or text overlapping on homepage content) or Flash were not utilized. This is because some of the content with such characteristics may cause difficulty in the seeing of the visibly disabled.
– Through search function using shortened keys, the users are able to search for the needed infor mation without the navigation button (search button) on the monitor
– The invisible menu is an item for the disabled, inducing the disabled users to the upper part of the web page, menu and footer to view the pages objectively.
– Details of all images have been added to enable accurate understanding of the image
– The font size expansion function on the details page is anticipated to satisfy all customers.
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□ So 03-1 Opinion Poll
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
Opinion poll is a core subject which measures the satisfaction and dissatisfaction, image, and the subjective influence of the Olympics and Paralympics, and is categorized into public opinion poll of all the people of the nation, and people of Gangwon-do, the Host City. This has the subject of press research with the highest relevance conducted during the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee. Opinion poll on every citizen regarding the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games was never conducted. However, during the bidding process of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games(2003), the Government Information Agency conducted “Public Opinion Survey of the Pyeongchang 2010 Olympic Winter Games” as Pyeongchang was selected as a preparatory hosting city in the domestic evaluation, and so that data was utilized. In Gangwon-do, as the Gangwon Development Research Center conducted “Awareness Survey of Gangwon-do Citizens in 2009”, the awareness of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games was included in the analysis.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf.
Analysis
As the public opinion poll was conducted regarding the hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games for all citizens of the nation, 97% of the answerers supported the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games, and more than half showed enthusiastic agreement. In Gangwon-do’s three attempts for hosting the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, relatively high support for the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games was maintained nationally or regionally until the hosting was secured in 2011 that there was no need to carry out public opinion polls frequently. Regarding the opinion poll of 2009, when the residents of Gangwon-do were asked to evaluate the impact on regional development induced bythe hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, 74.2% responded that it would be of help. However, in the survey conducted with more detailed item in 2013, while there were many citizens who answered that Gangwon-do’s transport infrastructure would be enhanced greatly from the Olympic Games (58.6%), there were many citizens who answered the question on whether Gangwon-do’s income would increase after hosting the Olympic Games as ‘Normal’ (46.4%). The citizens of Gangwon-do who answered that they are proud of Gangwon-do hosting the Olympic Winter Games was 62.6%, a comparatively high rate, and the citizens of Gangwon-do who answered that the Olympic Games would leave significant heritage to Gangwon-do was more than half of the answerers (55.6%). Also, the citizens who answered that hosting the Olympic Games would enhance the domestic and foreign status was more than half that there were many citizens who viewed the hosting of the Olympic Games positively. Also, as negative aspects, the answer rate that the problem of utilizing the Olympic facilities after the Olympic Games would be of great burden to Gangwon-do was 63.8%, a high rate.
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Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The fact that several public opinion polls were conducted during the bid process of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games indicate that the relevance of hosting the Olympic Games and opinion polls is considered to be high. However, it should be noted that various opinion polls are often carried out on not only the hosting of the Olympics but on all agenda. According to the opinion poll conducted by the survey institutions in 2011, when the hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games was decided, there were many people who recognized that hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games is a ‘good thing (92.4%)’, anticipating ‘economic development’ (42.2%) the most from the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games39). Also, the Government Information Agency (2003) announced that the public support for the hosting of the Olympic Winter Games was quite high as the hosting of the Olympic Games in 1988 has contributed tremendously to the economic development of South Korea and the international status, and that World Cup hosted in 2002 has reaped much achievements.
Outline of the Public Opinion Survey of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games of Republic of Korea
Number of Number of Category Survey Organization Year Note Samples Questions Public Opinion Poll on PyeongChang Government 2003 1,055 10 questions Olympic Winter Games in 2010 Information Agency Poll on Awareness of Citizens of Research Institute for 2009 2,000 1 question Gangwon-do in 2009 Gangwon 2 questions Do’s Citizen Identity Report in 2013: Kangwon Ilbo, High 2013 2,000 (17 Detailed People of Gangwon, who are you? One Resort questions) Source : Research Institute for Gangwon(2009), Awareness Survey of Citizens of Gangwon-do in 2009
Result of Survey on Hosting the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games of the People of Republic of Korea
Opinion on Hosting the Olympic Winter Games Proportion (%)
Strongly Agree 52.2
Mostly Agree 45.1
Mostly Disagree 2.6
Absolutely Disagree 0.1 Source : Government Information Agency(2003), Public Opinion Survey about the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games in 2010
39) Korea Gallup(2011), Awareness Research on Hosting the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games (http://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportContent.asp?seqNo=243&pagepos=1&search=&search Keyword=&selectYear=)
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Result of Survey on Hosting the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games of the Citizens of Gangwon-do
Regional Development Effect of Hosting the Olympic Winter Games Proportion (%)
It will be of great help 30.0 It will be of significant help 44.2 it would be mediocre 13.5 It will not be of great help 10.0 It will not be of help at all 2.3 Source : Gangwon Development Research Institute(2009), Awareness Survey of Gangwon-do’s Citizens in 2009
Opinion Survey Results of Gangwon-do Citizen’s Opinions Toward the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games
Strongly Disagree/St Category Agree Unsure rongly /Agree disagree I feel proud as a citizen of Gangwon-do for Pyeongchang hosting the Olympic 62.6 31.7 5.7 Winter Games. After hosting the Olympic Games, my pride toward Gangwon-do will be greater. 48.0 40.7 11.3 After hosting the Olympic Games, the income of my neighborhood will become 34.6 40.7 24.7 greater. After hosting the Olympics, the income of Gangwon-do will become higher. 32.2 46.4 21.4
The Olympic Games is an event with close relationship with our town. 24.9 36.4 38.7
The Olympic Games is an event of Gangwon-do, unrelated to our town. 43.9 28.0 28.1
The Olympic Games is a national event rather than an event of Gangwon-do. 80.2 14.2 5.6 The transport infrastructure of Gangwon-do will become much greater from the 58.6 33.0 8.4 Olympic Games. Hosting the Olympic Games would be an event to pull the cultural standards of 40.9 43.0 16.1 Gangwon-do to the level of advanced nations . The Olympic Games would leave significant heritage to our town. 35.0 39.8 25.2
The Olympic Games would leave significant heritage to Gangwon-do. 55.6 35.2 9.2 Hosting the Olympic Games will heighten the domestic/foreign status of 59.3 33.9 6.8 Gangwon-do. Hosting the Olympic Games will heighten the international status of Gangwon-do. 58.8 34.5 6.7 The Olympic Games will leave much burden to Gangwon-do with the future 63.8 28.7 7.5 usage of the facilities. The Olympic Games will cause and exacerbate the conflict with the hosting 28.2 46.3 25.5 regions and other regions within the Do. Sourc : Kangwon Ilbo et al. (2013), Do’s Citizen Identity Research Report in 2013: People of Gangwon, who are you?
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□ So 03-2 Cooperation with Stakeholders
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
The term ‘stakeholders’ include all the groups having certain expectations, characteristic or interest to the subjects related to the Olympics and Paralympic Games (environmental, social or economic pressure groups – industrial/trade union, labor union, institutions, etc.). In this sector, information on initiatives for cooperation with such stakeholders was collected, and in case of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, the cooperation with the stakeholders is composed of the cooperation that the Organizing Committee and Gangwon-do hosting (preparing for) the competition with the stakeholders. The stakeholders may be mainly 1) the Chamber of Commerce & Industry in which the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games stadium and other facilities are being built, traders union, company union, etc., 2) the stakeholders of various facilities within the special zone for the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games (refer to 3.1.4.), 3) individuals and groups with interest in infrastructure building related to the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf. Analysis
The cooperation with the stakeholders is in its early stage that there is no information accumulated to be suggested as quantitative indicators, but as regular occasions for meeting is prepared with the regional press and civic groups, active activities in the future are anticipated. The PyeongChang Olympic Organizing Committee and National Council of Better Korea Movement are cooperating on the direction of cultural citizen movement toward the successful hosting of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games, and continued related organization workshop with Gangwon-Domin Ilbo regarding promotion of advanced transport culture. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
The cooperation between the stakeholders of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games has been continuously operated, and as it has started from selection of the hosting city of the Olympic Winter Games, it will be applied in the future operation method after the hosting. Such cooperation would be adjusted in the future operation after hosting. It applies to the civic cooperation in addition to the public sector cooperation. In the civic organization workshop, the honorary chairman of the National Council for Better Korea Movement emphasized the enthusiastic activities and expansion of the cultural citizen awareness as the pure civic organizations should show the high civil awareness of Republic of Korea and Pyeongchang40). Also, Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games is anticipated to contribute to expansion of the advanced civic awareness by enhancing productive cooperation with the stakeholders, including civic organizations.
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The Cooperation Between the Pyeongchang Olympic Organizing Committee and Stakeholders
Category Date and Place Stakeholder Cooperation
Evaluation of civic Workshop of Civic 200 people including National 2015.12.28~29 movement, the promotion Organizations for the Council of Better Korea Movement, National direction of the cultural Successful Hosting of the Citizen's Coalition for Safety, Pyeongchang Youth citizen movement in 2016 Pyeongchang Olympic Gangwon-do Culture Movement Training Center for each organization and Winter Games Cooperation, group
9 related organizations including The plan to host workshops Gangwon-do Citizen Ilbo, Road promoting the advanced Traffic Authority Gangwon-branch, transport culture of Advanced Transport Korea Transport Safety Authority Pyeongchang Olympic Culture Boom-up Joint 2016.1~ Gangwon Branch, General Winter Games, civic Task Cooperation Insurance Association of Korea organizations and other Head Office, Gangwon University organizations twice a year Data Analysis Center
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□ So 03-3 Case Study : Case for Two-way Communication
〈Case : Case for Various Communications>
▷ Official Homepage for the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee (http://pyeongchang2018.com/horizon/kor/index.asp) ▷ The Facebook account and current status of Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee (https://www.facebook.com/PyeongChang2018?fref=nf) ▷ The Twitter account and current status of Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee (https://twitter.com/2018PyeongChang/status/254079077273718784) ▷ The YouTube account and current status of Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee (http://www.youtube.com/user/PyeongChang2018) ▷ The Flicker account and current status of Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee (https://www.flickr.com/photos/pyeongchang2018_kr) ▷ The Infographic account and current status of Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee (http://www.pyeongchang2018.com/horizon/kor/infographic/infographic01.asp) ▷ The Weibo account and current status of Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee (http://weibo.com/2018pyeongchang?is_hot=1)
With the expansion of digital media and social network, the support and objection to the Olympic Games and Paralympics may be carried out in new forms, and examining the new forms and strategies to express the awareness and to communicate may be interesting. In July 2015, the Internet usage rate in Republic of Korea is 85.1%, which is a proportion increased by 1.5%p compared to the previous year, and the number of Internet users is 41,940,000 people (increased by 822,000 people compared to last year). For the purposes of using the Internet, ‘communication’ was the highest as 91.4%, and the SNS usage rate is increasing as well. Also, in 2015, 64.9% is using ‘social networking service (SNS)’, which is a increased by 4.2%p compared to previous year.
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Rate of Internet Usage
Year Number of Internet Users (1,000 people) Internet Usage Rate(%) 2001 24,380 56.6 2002 26,270 59.4 2003 29,220 65.6 2004 31,580 70.2 2005 33,010 72.8 2006 34,910 74.1 2007 35,590 75.5 2008 36,190 76.5 2009 36,580 77.2 2010 37,010 77.8 2011 37,180 78.0 2012 38,120 78.4 2013 40,080 82.1 2014 41,118 83.6 2015 41,940 85.1 * From the survey of 2004, the Internet included mobile Internet, and the justification of the Internet User was changed from ‘Internet Users who use the Internet once or more monthly’ to ‘Internet users who have used the Internet within 1 month’. * From 2006, the subject of survey was expanded to population of 3 year and older (2000-2001 : Population of 7 year and older, 2002-2005 : population of 6 year and older) Source : Survey on Status of Internet Usage (Korea Internet & Security Agency: 2015)
Purposes of Using the Internet
Purposes of Using the Internet Usage Rate(Plural Answer, %) Communication(e-mail, SNS, chatting, Internet phone, etc) 91.4 Data and information acquisition 89.4 Leisure activity(Web radio, web TV, online game, etc.) 86.2 Homepage operation, etc., 44.0 Education/learning (Online education, Wikipedia, etc.) 34.2 Direct/Work (Job-hunting activities and job-related online participation, etc.) 14.3 Source : Survey on Status of Internet Usage (Korea Internet & Security Agency: 2015)
SNS Usage Rate
Year 2013 2014 2015 Usage Rate (%) 55.1 60.7 64.9 Source : Survey on Status of Internet Usage (Korea Internet & Security Agency: 2015)
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With the expansion of the usage of the two-way communication, the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Organizing Committee is attempting to expand the social network with the young generations by opening a homepage, and through Twitter, Facebook and other social media. By opening an account on YouTube, various information including related videos are provided, and an account on Weibo was opened as well to enforce communication toward China, and through Flicker, a photo-sharing platform, various photos are provided and shared.
Most of these services have utilized not only desktops and laptop computers, but smartphones and tablet computers, and other mobile devices being rapidly distributed worldwide to utilize for promoting the Olympic Games, and to utilize in two-way communication with the public showing attention. On July 2015, 7 households among 10 households in Republic of Korea are researched to access the Internet within homes by utilizing ‘smartphones’, so as the existing services are upgraded, and as new services are developed, the attempts will be more wider.
The Internet-utilizing Devices Within Households
Household Internet Devices Usage Rate (%)
Smart TV 10.2
Desktop Computer 66.9
Laptop Computer 29.9
Smartphone 78.3
Smart Pad 8.0
Gaming Devices 6.6
Wearable Devices 2.6
Others 0.4
Source : Survey on Status of Internet Usage (Korea Internet & Security Agency: 2015)
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□ So 04-1 Participation of Minorities
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
This sector is evaluated with the focus on the participation of the minorities (married immigrant women, students from abroad), disabled people, women, adolescents, and elderly people during the Pyeongchang Special Olympic Games of 2013. However, the evaluation of the overall minorities is impossible, as no indicators exist during the period, The Special Olympic Games is carried out with the mentally disabled and disabled people with autism is the 10th Olympic Games, and had been held for 8 days from January 29th 2013 to February 5th, held in Pyeongchang and Gangneung.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf.
Analysis
During the Special Olympics, approximately 2,700 volunteer workers participated in the 25 tasks of 12 fields, including interpretation, event procedure, and event support, and approximately 10,000 people applied to be a volunteer, showing competition rate of 5:1. Especially, among the volunteer workers, 100 mentally disabled volunteer workers were included, who were anticipated to understand the workers and to utilize their given skills 41).
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
The Pyeongchang Special Olympics is an event for the mentally disabled held by the disabled and non-disabled under the slogan “Together We Can”, leading much attention and participation of the people, contributing greatly to enhancing the social awareness of the mentally disabled, and in expansion of the sports for the disabled, being evaluated as most successful events of all times 42). Also, the utilization of the disabled, married immigrant population, and the elderly population is being expanded nationally in addition to the hosting city, showing that the participation of the minorities in operation of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games is being supported. Also, the Republic of Korea is managing the support for the immigrant women in national dimension, increasing attention continuously and diversifying utilization after the hosting of the Olympic Games.
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Participation Status of the Pyeongchang Winter Special Olympic Games
Family Members of Participation Scope Representatives Media/ VIP Event Operating Staffs Players approximately 120 120 nations, 15,000 nations, approximately 1,000 people for 7,800 volunteer workers people 1,300 3,300 players and media, 1,500 VIPs and supporting workers managers
The Current Status for the Pyeongchang Winter Special Olympic Games
Number of Event Location and Stadium Detailed Events Detailed Events
Total 55
Super giant slalom(3), giant slalom(3), slalom(3) Yongpyeong (Silver, Mega Alpine Skiing 9 ※ With the player evaluation result, beginner Green) 10 m walking, sliding, super sliding is decided
50m(C), 100m(C), 500m(F), 1km(F), 2.5km(C), 2.5km(F), 5km(F), 7.5km(F), 10km(F), Cross country Alpensia (Cross country) 10 4 people×1km Relay(F) ※ C : Classical, F : Freestyle
Snowboarding (Echo, Alpha) 9 Super giant slalom(3), giant slalom(3), slalom(3)
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□ So 04-2 Fostering Minorities
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
The analysis was attempted with the focus on social participation and enhancement of the qualitative status of the minorities (married immigrants, etc), disabled, women, adolescents, and elderly people. ◦ Married Immigrants : The family status and social integration of the married immigrants were identified to utilize the 『Nationwide Survey on Current Status of Multi-cultural Families』 conducted by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, which is provided as fundamental material for establishing the policies to support multi-cultural families. Also, the statistic information system of the Korea Women’s Development Institute analyzing this data for each gender and administrative district was utilized. The analysis was made with 3 items (whether there are groups to participate, experiences of social discrimination, living satisfaction) being focused. ◦ Disabled : By identifying the current living status and desires for welfare of the disabled, utilizing the 『Survey on the Current Status of the Disabled』of the Ministry of Health and Welfare provided as fundamental material for establishment of welfare policies for the disabled. The analysis was made with 3 items (whether there are groups to participate, experiences of social discrimination, living satisfaction) being focused. ◦ Women : By subjective interests of the social components, the 『Social Survey』data provided by the National Statistical Office provided as the basic data for social development policy was utilized. The analysis was made with 2 items (volunteer work participation and field of participation, viewing cultural arts/sports) in focus. ◦ Adolescents: By identifying the changes of the rights of children and adolescents, the data of 『Survey on the Current Status of Human Rights of Children and Adolescents』 from National Youth Policy Institute, and 『Survey on the Current Status of the Adolescents』 from the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family was utilized, making the analysis with the focus on 1 former question (participation rate of volunteer work) and 1 latter question (necessity and participation rate of volunteer work). ◦ Elderly : Utilized the data of『Survey on the Current Status of Adolescents』provided as the fundamental material for establishing the welfare policies for the elderly people. The analysis was made with the focus on 1 question (experience of participating in volunteer work) Presentation □ See Tables overleaf Analysis In examination of the social participation of the minorities, first of all, based on the figures of 2012, the willingness to participate of the married immigrant women residing in Gangwon-do was higher than the rest of the nation. During 2009-2013, the social discrimination experience of the married immigrants increased, with the living satisfaction rate decreasing. However, the decline in Gangwon-do is low compared to the rest of the nation. The social discrimination experience of the disabled was relatively high in 2014 compared to 2008, but in the sector of regional social living, the rate dropped from 20.6% of 2008 to 7.3% of 2014. Compared to 2009, the volunteer work participation rate of women of Gangwon-do in 2013 declined as well, but the viewing proportion of culture, arts and sports is increasing. In 2012, the volunteer work participation rate of the adolescents is 40% and less, with the participation rate of the adolescents in Gangwon-do being rather low. Also, based on 2011, the participation rate in volunteer work of the elderly was low in Gangwon-do compared to the whole nation.
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Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M Gangwon-do, including the Host Cities, had interest in minorities such as immigrant women from the past, and the awareness of the problems of women had been managed and promoted as part of the nation and the region. Especially, the support on the welfare of women, disabled, and multi-cultural family is being made continuously43), providing customized administration and welfare services for the communication with the citizens of the Do. On the other hand, though the social participation of the minorities is being promoted, there are limitations to assume that this is from the influence of the Olympic Winter Games. For the social participation an the qualitative enhancement of the minorities (married immigrants), disabled, women, adolescents, and elderly, the local government is inputting much efforts, and is being applied as alternatives for the aging population policy that the discussions on the policy and utilization would be considered more in depth after the hosting of the Olympics.
Willingness of the Married Immigrants on Participating in Meetings and the Type of Meeting (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 Does not want to participate 31.6 Would like to participate 68.4 Republic of Korea Regional gathering 12.3 Volunteer work activity 31.5 Group activity 4.4 Does not want to participate 23.8 Would like to participate 76.2 Gangwon-do Regional gathering 19.1 Volunteer work activity 40.4 Group activity 5.9 Source : Survey on the Current Status of the Multi-cultural Family (Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, 2009-2012), Gender awareness statistical information system (Korea Women’s Developmental Institute, 2009-2012)
Married Immigrants' Experience of Social Discrimination (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 Has experiences of discrimination 36.4 - - 41.3 Republic of Korea Does not have experience of discrimination 63.6 - - 58.7 Has experiences of discrimination 27.5 - - 37.7 Gangwon-do Does not have experience of discrimination 72.5 - - 62.3 Source : Survey on the Current Status of the Multi-cultural Family (Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, 2009-2012), Gender awareness statistical information system (Korea Women’s Developmental Institute, 2009-2012)
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The Overall Livelihood Satisfaction Rate of the Married Immigrants (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 Very dissatisfied 1.3 - - 1.9 Dissatisfied 5.6 - - 6 Republic of Korea Neutral 36.4 - - 41 Satisfied 35.8 - - 28.5 Very Satisfied 21 - - 22.6 Very dissatisfied 0.8 - - 1.5 Dissatisfied 5.1 - - 3.2 Gangwon-do Neutral 33.1 - - 43 Satisfied 35.5 - - 28.9 Very satisfied 25.5 - - 23.4 Source : Survey on the Current Status of the Multi-cultural Family (Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, 2009-2012), Gender awareness Statistical Information System (Korea Women’s Developmental Institute, 2009-2012)
The Satisfaction Rate of the Disabled on Culture and Leisure (Unit : %) Category 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Very Satisfied 4.4 - - 4.3 - - 5.4 Slightly Satisfied 14.8 - - 35.2 - - 37.5 Republic of Neutral39.3------Korea Slightly Dissatisfied 26.9 - - 38.7 - - 39.1 Very Dissatisfied 14.5 - - 21.8 - - 18 Source : Survey on the Current Status of the Disabled(Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2008-2014)
The Experiences of Being Socially Discriminated of the Disabled (Unit : %) Category 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Kindergarten 26.9 - - 30.5 - - 27.1 Elementary School 26.1 - - 34.2 - - 38.8 School Middle School 19.4 - - 29.8 - - 31.6 High School 16.8 - - 29.3 - - 25.1 College 6.9 - - 16.3 - - 12.5 Teacher 18.9 - - 21.4 - - 18.7 At School Peer Student 48.9 - - 49.2 - - 47.1 Parent 8.4 - - 15.1 - - 13.7 Marriage 16.1 - - 26.5 - - 16.4 Republic of Being Hired 35 - - 34 - - 35.8 Korea Income 20.8 - - 20.6 - - 23.9 Work Peer-Worker 13.1 - - 16.9 - - 20 Promotion 9.1 - - 14.1 - - 13.3 In acquiring driver’s license 11.8 - - 14.3 - - 10.2 In insurance contracts 55.6 - - 53.7 - - 45.4 In using medical institutions 3.3 - - 3.7 - - 4.6 In information communication 0.4 - - 2 - - 1.9 Regional social life 20.6 - - 7.8 - - 7.3 Source : Survey on current status of the disabled (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2008-2014)
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Demands of the Disabled to the Society and the Nation (Unit : %) 2008 2011 2014 Category 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2순위 3순위 Housing Security 15.4 6.6 12.4 8 14.3 18.9 6.4 14.6 18 Prevention of disability 3.6 4.3 5.1 1 1.4 5.5 1.2 2.3 6 Child care/education security 3.5 4.1 5 2.4 3.2 4.1 1.7 3 3.6 Medical security 30.1 28.9 15.6 31.5 33.2 14.2 32.8 33 13.6 Mobility rights security 3.1 3.5 6.2 2 4.3 5.9 1.8 4.1 6.3 Job security 8.6 12.5 9.8 8.6 12.1 14.3 8.5 11.4 12.6 Cultural Leisure Activities and Sports Republic 1.4 3.8 6.1 1.6 3.5 6.2 1.6 3.9 7.4 Activities Security of Korea Income Security 21.925.521.438.219.513.238.517.811.2 Human Rights security for the 5.7 6.5 9.3 3.3 5.4 10.6 2.7 4.2 8.4 Disabled Enhancement in Awareness for the 4.348.51.83.16.82.246.7 Disabled None 1.800.21.2- 01.30.11.3 Others 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 1.4 1.6 4.8 Source : Survey on the Current Status of the Disabled (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2008-2014)
Women’s Participation in Volunteer Services and Fields of Participation (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Willing to participate 19.3 - 18 - 18.1 Republic of Preservation of environment, 19.4 - 15.6 - 14.5 Korea prevention of crime National and regional event 10.2 - 7.1 - 6.8 Willing to participate 17.9 - 17.6 - 14.6 Preservation of environment, Gangwon-do 14.3 - 24.2 - 11.7 prevention of crime National and regional event 7.9 - 9.3 - 6.9 Note : Analyzed the main 『Social Survey』 data from the Gender Awareness Statistic Information System of the Korean Women’s Development Institute Source : Social Survey (National Statistical Office, 2009-2013)
Women’s Participation in Volunteer Services and Fields of Participation (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Has participated 55.2 - 58.4 - 63 Republic of Sports Events 12.1 - 15.1 - 12.8 Korea Average number of attendance to Sports 3.1-3.7-3.4 Events Has experience 42.7 - 45.4 - 50.9 Sports Event 11.4 - 14.8 - 12.3 Gangwon-do Average number of attendance to Sports 4.6 - 3 - 3.1 Events Note : Analyzed the main 『Social Survey』 data from the Gender Awareness Statistic Information System of the Korean Women’s Development Institute Source : Social Survey (National Statistical Office, 2009-2013)
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Participation of Adolescents in Volunteer Services (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 Has experience---37.7 Republic of Korea Has no experience---62.3 Has experience---36.9 Gangwon-do Has no experience---63.1 Source : Survey of Children and Adolescents’ Human Rights (National Youth Policy Institute, 2009-2012)
Necessity and Participation of Adolescents in Volunteer Services (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 Not necessary at all - - 1.8 - Not much necessary - - 8.3 - Necessity Sometimes necessary - - 58.9 - Republic of Very necessary - - 31 - Korea Not participating at all - - 18 - Not much participating - - 29.6 - Participation Sometimes participating - - 44.5 - Participating actively - - 7.9 - Not necessary at all - - 2.3 - Not much necessary - - 8.1 - Necessity Sometimes necessary - - 55.9 - Gangwon- Very necessary - - 33.7 - do Not participating at all - - 16.6 - Not much participating - - 29.9 - Participation Sometimes participating - - 46.5 - Participating actively - - 7 -
Experience of Elderly in Volunteer Service Participation (Unit : %) Category 2011 2012 2013 2014
Currently participating 3.9 - - 4.5
Republic of Korea Has participated before, but not now 9.2 - - 14.5
Never participated 86.9 - - 81
Currently participating 2.3 - - 4.2
Gangwon-do Has participated before, but not now 7.0 - - 10.7
Never participated 90.7 - - 85.1 Source : Survey of the Current Status of the Elderly (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2011-2014)
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□ So 04-3 Perception of People with Disabilities in the Society
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview The change of social awareness (the negative perceptions from disabilities) was measured during the preparation and hosting period of the PyeongChang Olympic & Paralmypic Winter Games, The analysis was made with the focus on the awareness of non-disabled people toward the disabled people, and by identifying the subjective interests of the social components, the 『Social Survey』provided by the National Statistical Office provided as the fundamental material for social development policy was utilized, with the measurement being focused on 5 questions (society’s discrimination toward the disabled, individuals’ discrimination against the disabled, opinions toward the disabled, opinions toward establishment of facilities for the disabled, sufficiency of the welfare projects for the disabled). Presentation □ See Tables overleaf Analysis During 2009-2015, nationally and in Gangwon-do, the rate of discrimination toward the disabled people and proportion of discrimination toward disabled people by individuals are declining, and in case of Gangwon-do, though the proportion of the social discrimination toward the disabled was relatively lower compared to the whole nation, but the discrimination of the disabled by individuals was relatively higher than the national average. Based in 2015, the opinions toward establishment of facilities for the disabled people in Gangwon-do was positive compared to the rest of the nation. The proportion of not objecting against facilities for the disabled increased nationally and in Gangwon-do in 2015 compared to 2009 by 3.3%p and 2.5%p. The opinions toward welfare projdcts for the disabled seem to have increased in negative perspective both nationally and in Gangwon-do. Both nationally and in Gangwon-do, the proportion of answer that the welfare projects for the disabled are sufficient increased in 2015 compared to 2009, and to answer for continuous expansion, negative perspective has increased. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
For the successful hosting of the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic Games, the government promoted the ADP (Actualising the Dream Project) as a special project. For this, the organizing committee set two goals of developing the Paralympic winter games and increasing awareness of disabilities, with the KPC(Korea Paralympic Committee) and the IPC (International Paralympic Committee to host international competitions, Paralympic Day events, and various projects of education the people and advertising, having high relation with the Olympics (bid-1,2). To raise awareness of disabilities, the professional education of the people related to the competition, education for the regional residents and community, and the special education program for the students and adolescents are carried out, and to enforce the advertisement for the people, the paralympic star athletes and moving stories are discovered, paralympic day was designated and operated, advertisement was enforced from the SNS and TV, and continuous policies related to Paralympics are developed and researched. Phillip Craven, the head of IPC Committee anticipated that this project would contribute greatly to the social change of narrowing the gap with the public in addition to expanding the number of players44). This is judged to be the fundamental change of social awareness and the regional awareness from hosting the Olympics.
44) Able News(July 7, 2014) (http://www.ablenews.co.kr/News/Include/NewsContentInc.aspx?CategoryCode=0031&NewsCode=003120140707144641372885)
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Discrimination Against the Disabled in Society (Unit : %) Category 2009 2011 2013 2015 Never 1.8 2.2 2.9 2.7 Seldom 21.8 25.5 30.6 31.5 Whole Country Sometimes 48.1 46.1 51.3 51.9 Often 19.9 18.7 - - Always 8.4 7.5 15.2 13.9 Never 3.1 2.5 8.4 7.4 Seldom 27.6 26.9 32.7 32.2 Gangwon-do Sometimes 43.6 44.5 46.6 49.2 Often 18.9 18.1 - - Always 6.8 8.1 12.3 11.2 Source : Social survey (National Statistical Office, 2009 – 2015)
View on the Disabled (Unit : %) Category 2009 2011 2013 2015 Should be more considerate of the disabled 63.8 66.8 65.1 66.8
Whole Country Should treat them equally as non-disabled people 32.6 30.0 30.7 28 Discrimination against the disabled may be 3.6 3.2 4.1 5.3 unavoidable Should be more considerate of the disabled 61.5 65.9 61.5 62.5
Gangwon-do Should treat them equally as non-disabled people 37.530.234.332.5 Discrimination against the disabled may be 1.1 2.4 4.2 5 unavoidable Source : Social survey (National Statistical Office, 2009 – 2015)
Opinions on Facilities for the Disabled (Unit : %) Category 2009 2011 2013 2015 No problem at all37.935.935.834.2 No objection to the establishment 55.4 57.9 58.3 58.7 Whole Country Objection to the establishment 6.2 5.7 5.3 6.4 Absolutely unacceptable 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 No problem at all 42 41 43.5 39.7 No objection to the establishment 53.2 53.3 52.4 55.7 Gangwon-do Objection to the establishment 4.5 5.5 3.8 4.4 Absolutely unacceptable 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 Source : Social survey (National Statistical Office, 2009 – 2015)
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Opinions on the Current Government Welfare Projects for the Disabled (Unit : %)
Category 2009201120132015
Should be expanded 34.7 33.6 27.7 24.8
Should be expanded as long as 44.5 45.2 47.2 49.7 financial resources are available Whole Country Sufficient 3.5 5.7 7.4 9.2
Don't know 17.3 15.5 17.7 16.2
Should be expanded 32.7 35.4 30.3 26.8
Should be expanded as long as 43.2 40.8 42.1 46.2 financial resources are available Gangwon-do Sufficient 3.1 8 11.2 12.7
Don't know 20.9 15.8 16.4 14.4
Source : Social survey (National Statistical Office, 2009 – 2015)
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□ So 05-1 Poverty and Social Exclusion
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
The indicator for the poverty and social exclusion is measured from the proportion of the rate of people receiving National Basic Livelihood(the proportion of the number of people receiving payment for the National Basic Livelihood from the government with the household income being lower than the amount of basic living costs of the whole population) and unemployment rate [(the proportion of people who are unemployed of the productive population who are 5 years and older, with the proportion of unemployed of the economic population (those who are hired + unemployed, with the unemployment rate = (unemployed/economically active population) *100)). Presentation □ See Tables overleaf Analysis Based on 2014, the number of people receiving National Basic Livelihood is 1,328,713 people, which is approximately 2.6% of the total population. The number of recipients has declined continuously from 1,549,848 of 2007 to 1,328,713 people of 2014, showing the decline rate of –14% during the last 14 years. Also, the rate of people receiving National Basic Living Security declined from 3.2% of 2007 to 2.6% of 2014 by 0.6%p. The number of people of Gangwon-do receiving National Basic Livelihood is 54,841 people in 2014, which is 3.6% of the population of Gangwon-do. The number of people and the proportion of people receiving National Basic Living Security is continuously declining from 4.3% of 64,850 people of 2007 to 3.6%, 54,841 people of 2014, declining by 0.7%p. In case of the Host Cities, the number and proportion of people receiving National Basic Livelihood was 1,444 (3.3%) in Pyeongchang-gun, 7,015 (3.3%) in Gangneung-si, and 1,375 (3.5%) in Jeongseon-gun, being slightly higher in comparison with the national level. In comparison with 2007, Pyeongchang-gun showed decline of 0.7%p(4.05%→3.3%), Gangneung-si showed decline of 0.4%p (3.7%→3.3%), and Jeongseon-gun showed decline of 0.3%p(3.8%→3.5%). In 2014, the unemployment rate of Republic of Korea was 3.5%, with the unemployment rate of Gangwon-do 3.1%, with 2.0% in Pyeongchang-gun, 0.9% in Gangneung-si, and 1.2% in Jeongseon-gun. In case of the overall nation, the unemployment rate of 3.2% of 2007 had continued evenly without large changes, and in 2013, the lowest unemployment of 3.1% was marked, between the period of 2007 to 2014 . In case of Gangwon-do, large change from 1.8% of 2007 to 3.1% of 2014 was shown, showing the increase rate of approximately 72% in 2014 compared to 2007. In case of Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun, the unemployment increased from 1.7% and 0.7% of 2008 to 2.0% and 1.2% of 2014, respectively, while Gangneung-si showed opposite trend of decline from 2.1% of 2008 to 0.9% of 2014. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H People who are impoverished and receive National Basic Livelihood are decreasing continuously, and the recipient rate of Gangwon-do region is continuously decreasing as well, due to various social factors, thus making it difficult to judge the direct influence from the hosting of Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games. On the other hand, from the hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games, the employment of the Host Cities is verified, and it was identified that employment from the preparation process of the Olympic Games was analyzed to be increasing partially45) in Pyeongchang-gun, through the announcement of the National Statistical Office.
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Recipient of National Basic Livelihood
2011 2012 2013 2014
Total Total Total Total Region Population Recipient Recipient Population Recipient Recipient Population Recipient Recipient Population Recipient Recipient (1,000 (people) Rate (1,000 (people) Rate (1,000 (people) Rate (1,000 (people) Rate people) people) people) people)
Republic of Korea 50,111 1,469,254 2.9 50,345 1,394,042 2.8 50,559 1,350,891 2.7 50,763 1,328,713 2.6
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□ So 05-2 Education Level
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
To measure the education level, the proportion of the education level of the population of 25 years and older (the proportion of each educational level for adults who are 25 and older) and the adult illiteracy rate (the proportion of people who are not able to read and understand writing of the adults who are 19 to 79 year old) were utilized and measured. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf
Analysis
According to the National Census conducted by the National Statistical Office, the proportion of the population with the education level of graduating elementary school or less was surveyed to be 16.4%. In case of Gangwon-do, the proportion was rather high as 25.2%, and in case of Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun excluding Gangneung-si, 40% of the population had the education level of graduating elementary school or less, showing high proportion compared to the nation. In examining the population proportion of graduating from college or higher, the nation’s average was 39.4%, and Gangwon-do’s average was 30.5%, showing low proportion compared to the nation, and in case of Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun excluding Gangneung-si, approximately 20% of the population had the education level of graduating from college or higher, showing rather low proportion compared to the nation. In case of Gangneung-si, the proportion of graduating from elementary school and less, and the proportion of graduating from college or higher were 23.7% and 33.7%, with the proportion of the population with higher education being high. On the other hand, Gangwon-do and the Host Cities all had low proportion of population with higher education.
Impact Relevance M Rating G Confidence M
Because there was no sequential data to identify whether the education level of the Host Cities was enhanced, it is difficult to analyze the specific influence. Also, despite the data showing that the education level of the Host Cities was enhanced is collected, it is absurd to argue that the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games is the sole factor leading to the enhancement of education level. On the other hand, as Gangwon-do, the Hosting Region of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games shows lower education level compared to the rest of the nation, efforts toward educating its citizens is anticipated to influence the enhancement of education level. Gangwon Cultural Citizenship Campaign Association selected 60 cultural citizen instructors in 2015, opening Cultural Citizen College, contributing to the successful hosting of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games and awareness as cultural citizens 46).
46) Gangwon Cultural Citizenship Campaign Association (http://www.gccca.co.kr/sub/m3/page01_1.php)
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Education Level of Population Aged 25 and Older (Unit : %) Elementary School Middle School Region High School Graduate College and Higher and Lower Graduate
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□ So 05-3 Crime Rate
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
To measure the crime rate, number of crime occurrences per 1,000 people, and the occurrence of environmental crime were analyzed, and the definition and the method of measurement for each indicators were applied by utilizing the following definitions. ◦ Crime rate per 1,000 people : Based on the table of statistics of crimes managed by the police departments of the nation (occurrence statistic table, apprehension statistic table, suspect statistic table), the proportion of crime occurrence rate per 1,000 people (excluding the cases of the central police department and marine police) is calculated ◦ Occurrence of Crime : The number of crime occurrences identified based on the table of total number of crimes (occurrence statistic table, apprehension statistic table, suspect statistic table) ◦ Occurrence of Environmental Crime : Among the total number of crimes managed at the police department, the number of crimes from environmental laws Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
Republic of Korea's number of crime occurrence rate per 1,000 population was approximately 35 cases in 2014, and in case of Gangwon-do, based on 2013, it was 38 cases, with 37 cases for Pyeongchang-gun, 35 cases for Gangneung-si, and 47 cases for Jeongseon-gun. In case of the Host Cities, the number of crime occurrence per 1,000 people in 2013, the rate in Pyeongchang-gun decreased by 30% from 52.9 cases to 36.9 cases, and as the crime rate of Gangneung-si decreased from 46.8 cases in 2013 to 35.3 cases of 2013 by 25%, the crime rate per 1,000 people decreased in both cities. In case of Jeongseon-gun, the crime rate of 43.5 cases from 2007 increased to 46.9 cases of 2013, by approximately 8%. In case of 2012, the case was 53.2 cases, being approximately 30% higher compared to the nation, Gangwon-do and other Host Cities. In contrast to the decrease in overall crime, the occurrence of environmental crime has continuously increased each year. The environmental crime had occurred 2,649 times in 2011 and 4,135 times in 2013, showing increase rate of 56%. On the other hand, environmental crime occurred 121 times in 2012 in Gangwon-do, showing decrease of 28 cases from 149 in 2011. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The Republic of Korea has employed public force including police in cases of large international sports events to cope against crime, which led to the decrease in crime rate during the period, and so it can be considered that the international sports events, including the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games posed impact on the decrease of the crime rate. Various factors influence the decline of the crime rate, including intervention of police and other public forces in cases of emergency, the effect of gathering many people in front of the TV, the unified cheering of the people and other various factors47).
47) Korea Association of Criminal Psychology·Gangwon Council for Regional Order(2015),Preparation of 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics: How to Make the Safe and Peaceful Olympics, (www.kacp.re.kr/file/download)
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Crime Rate per 1,000 People (Unit : Number of cases) Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 All Nation 40.59 35.39 34.54 35.20 36.32 Gangwon-do 39.16 37.45 35.84 38.40 37.95 Pyeongchang-gun 46.91 35.65 34.81 37.84 36.89 Gangneung-si 46.79 41.22 36.35 36.57 35.29 Jeongseon-gun 40.43 43.49 46.02 53.24 46.84 Source : Korea Statistical Information Services(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr)
Number of Crime Occurrence (Unit : Number of Cases) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 All Nation 2,020,209 1,787,953 1,752,598 1,793,400 1,857,276 Gangwon-do 59,247 57,289 55,061 59,087 58,529 Pyeongchang-gun 2,047 1,555 1,517 1,651 1,611 Gangneung-si 10,175 9,007 7,908 7,962 7,652 Jeongseon-gun 1,646 1,785 1,849 2,125 1,873 Source : Korea Statistical Information Services (KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr), Gangwon Statistical Information (http://stat.gwd.go.kr/)
Number of Environmental Crime Occurrence (Unit : Number of Cases) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 All Nation N/A N/A 2,649 3,128 4,135 Gangwon-do N/A N/A 149 121 N/A Source : Korea Statistical Information Services (KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr)
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□ So 05-4 Health
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
To measure the health indicator, the total birth rate, death rate, suicidal rate, smoking rate, monthly drinking rate, obesity rate, adolescents’ obesity rate, intense physical activity rate, stress recognition rate, high blood pressure diagnosis rate, diabetes diagnosis rate, arthritis diagnosis rate, and the subjective health status recognition rate were analyzed. ◦ Total Birth Rate : Birth rate is the birth status occurred by the people of Republic of Korea, and is an indicator showing the average number of born children during the fertile period (15-49 year old) of a woman, and is the total of age-specific fertility rate(ASFR). ◦ Death Rate : The figure of dividing the annual number of deaths from specific causes of death by the mid-year population expressed as specific number per 100,000 people is calculated as “death rate per each cause of death”. * Mid-year population : The population calculated based on July 1st, the middle day of the year when calculating the birth rate and the death rate ◦ Suicide rate : As figure of intended self-harm (suicide) as the cause of death, the number of people dying from suicides divided by the mid-year population of the given year calculated into figure per 100,000 people ◦ Smoking rate : Refers to the proportion of people who have smoked more than 5 packs of cigarettes (100 cigars) in their life, and currently smoking, and is calculated by standardizing the age of the population from fall, 2005. ◦ Monthly Drinking Rate : Refers to the proportion of drinking once or more per one month during the recent year, and the proportion of people who have drunk at least once a month during the last year is calculated by standardizing the age by the fall population of 2005. ◦ Obesity Rate : Refers to the proportion of people with the body mass index(kg/㎡) of 25 and higher among those who are 19 years and older calculated by standardizing the age by the fall population of 2005. ◦ Adolescent Obesity : Refers to the proportion of adolescents with the body mass index(kg/㎡) of 25 and higher among adolescents (middle and high school students), and the proportion of people who are 95 percentile and above, or with the body mass index(kg/㎡) of 25 and higher among the “body mass index per each age in the growth of youths and adolescents in 2007” is calculated. ◦ Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Rate : Refers to the percentage of persons who practiced strenuous physical activity once more than 10 minutes, with total of 20 minutes per day and more than three days a week for the last week, or moderate physical activity for more than 30 minutes a day and more than five days a week for the last week. For those aged 19 year or older, the age-adjustment was made to population projection by standardizing the age with the fall population of 2005. ◦ Perceived Stress : Refers to the proportion of perception of stress during daily life, and is defined as the percentage of persons who feel "very much" or "much" stressed. ◦ Lifelong Doctor's Diagnosis on High Blood Pressure : Refers to those with the experience of being diagnosed with high blood pressure, and is defined as the percentage of persons over 30 years old who have been diagnosed with high blood pressure by a doctor ◦ Lifelong Doctor's Diagnosis on Diabetes : Refers to those with the experience of being diagnosed with diabetes, and is defined as the percentage of persons over 30 years old who have been diagnosed with diabetes by a doctor
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◦ Lifelong Doctor's Diagnosis on Arthritis : Refers to those with the experience of being diagnosed with arthritis, and is defined as the percentage of persons over 50 years old who have been diagnosed with arthritis by a doctor ◦ Perceived Health : Percentage of adults who are 19 years old or older who reported their health to be 'very good' or 'good' Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
Based on 2014, the total birth rate of Republic of Korea is 1.21, with no large changes, and among the Host Cities Jeongseon-gun had the highest birth rate of 1.31 babies, with Gangneung-si having the lowest birth rate of 1.09 babies. The total birth rate is fluctuant each year except for Pyeongchang-gun, and the average birth rate from 2007 to 2014 was calculated as 1.22 babies nationally, 1.30 babies in Gangwon-do, 1.19 babies in Pyeongchang-gun, 1.18 babies in Gangneung-si and 1.19 babies in Jeongseon-gun. The death rate had increased in all of the researched regions, and based on 2014, the number of deaths was 527.3 deaths nationally, 719.3 deaths in Gangwon-do, 910.5 eaths in Pyeongchang-gun, and 901.2 deaths in Jeongseon-gun, with the death rate in Gangwon-do and the Host Cities being much higher than the national average. Examining the increase and decline of the death rate, the increase rate of 2014 compared to 2007 was 6% nationally, 4% in Gangwon-do, 8% in Pyeongchang-gun, 12% in Gangneung-si, and 3% in Jeongseon-gun. Based on 2014, when the suicide rate of Republic of Korea is examined, the suicide rate was 27.3 suicides nationally, 36.8 suicides in Gangwon-do, 48.5 suicides in Pyeongchang-gun, 36.8 suicides in Gangneung-si, and 61.8 suicides in Jeongseon-gun, with the suicide rate of Gangwon-do and the Host Cities being higher than the national average. In 2014 compared to 2007, the suicide rate increased nationally by 10%, with the changes of –2% in Gangwon-do, 53% in Pyeongchang-gun, 16% in Gangneung-si, and –12% in Jeongseon-gun. In case of Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun, they showed much higher suicidal rate than Gangneung-si and Gangwon-do. The smoking rate of the Host Cities was analysed to be similar as the national rate, with Jeongseon-gun's rate being the highest among the Host Cities by 25.5%, while Gangneung-si being the lowest with 22.8%. In 2014, Jeongseon-gun shows the highest smoking rate among the researched regions, but in 2007, the rate is declining continuously from 30.7% of 2007 to 25.5% of 2014. The monthly drinking rate is 61.2% nationally, 63.0% in Gangwon-do, 58.2% in Pyeongchang-gun, 55.7% in Gangneung-si, and 56.2% in Jeongseon-gun in 2014, with the drinking rate of the Host Cities being lower compared to the national rate. Also, the obesity rates of the Host Cities in 2014 are 27% in Pyeongchang-gun, 27% in Gangneung-si, and 30% in Jeongseon-gun, being slightly higher than the national rate. The adolescent obesity rates were researched to be 10.9% nationally and 12.4% in Gangwon-do in 2015, with the adolescent obesity rate increasing each year. The rates of moderate to vigorous physical activity of the Host Cities are 24.3% in Pyeongchang-gun, 25.5% in Gangneung-si, and 21.2% in Jeongseon-gun based on 2014, with Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si increased by 50% and 55% compared to 2013, and Jeongseon-gun showed the change of –
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27%. Based on 2014, the perceived stress of the Host Cities was 21.3% in Gangneung-si with the lowest figure, and Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun recorded 26.1% and 26.4% respectively. Gangneung-si showed showed the very low proportion of 21.3%, compared to the stress recognition rate of 27.3% nationally and 25.5% in Gangwon-do, and it seems that the smoking rate and the drinking rate compared to the national rate and Gangwon-do’s rate have contributed. Based on 2014, among the Host Cities, perceived health was the highest in Gangneung-si with 43.6%, and Pyeongchang-gun showed the lowest rate of 34.6%. Compared to 2008, the subjective health recognition rate of 2014 was decreased by –7.6%p in Pyeongchang-gun, with the only lowered subjective health recognition rate among the Host Cities.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The health is not only the problem of the Host Cities but the problem faced by Republic of Korea in its aging society that the change of health may not be viewed solely as the influence of hosting the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games. However, the hosting of large sports events like the Olympic Games enhance interest in health, influencing the enhancement of the health of the community residents positively. Also, the community income caused by hosting the sports event provide high-quality facilities, leading the extension of life, maximizing interest in health, leading to qualitative growth within the region48).
Total Birth Rate (Unit : Number of People) Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 All Nation 1.15 1.23 1.24 1.30 1.19 1.21 Gangwon-do 1.25 1.31 1.34 1.37 1.25 1.25 Pyeongchang-gun1.101.251.081.251.241.05 Gangneung-si1.161.171.241.271.171.09 Jeongseon-gun1.181.191.181.301.081.31 Source : National Statistical Office e-Regional Indicator
Death Rate (Unit : Number of People) Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 All Nation 497.3 512.0 513.6 530.8 526.6 527.3 Gangwon-do 689.4 708.7 692.7 724.0 704.6 719.3 Pyeongchang-gun 849.6 914.5 901.0 868.4 853.4 910.5 Gangneung-si 681.4 651.2 663.6 690.5 682.7 717.3 Jeongseon-gun 871.0 940.3 921.7 921.8 885.6 901.2 Source : National Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr)
48) http://www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en/
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Suicide Rate (Unit : Number of People) Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 All Nation 31.0 31.2 31.7 28.1 28.5 27.3 Gangwon-do 43.6 44.4 45.2 38.3 38.5 36.8 Pyeongchang-gun52.743.862.550.946.348.5 Gangneung-si43.638.338.932.944.136.8 Jeongseon-gun58.679.255.425.556.361.8 Source : National Statistical Office e-regional indicator
Smoking Rate (Unit : Number of People) Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 All Nation 26.2 25.2 24.7 24.6 23.8 23.5 Gangwon-do 28.4 27.9 26.2 26.2 25.6 25.4 Pyeongchang-gun29.227.724.623.224.024.1 Gangneung-si27.827.524.223.224.722.8 Jeongseon-gun29.527.327.825.326.025.5 Source : National Statistical Office e-regional indicator
Lifelong Doctors' Diagnosis on Arthritis (Unit : %) Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 All Nation 21.9 21.2 20.2 19.6 20.1 19.9 Gangwon-do 23.3 23.4 20.6 20.8 21.1 21.0 Pyeongchang-gun20.221.022.727.420.727.4 Gangneung-si21.223.215.919.322.419.9 Jeongseon-gun24.724.527.922.427.717.4 Source : Community Health Survey (National Statistical Office, https://www.kosis.kr)
Perceived Health (Unit : %) Region 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 All Nation 48.3 49.1 47.6 46.3 45.9 43.5 Gangwon-do 44.4 46.9 50.6 46.7 50.0 45.8 Pyeongchang-gun40.437.641.933.941.334.6 Gangneung-si41.043.760.850.146.243.6 Jeongseon-gun34.434.937.938.942.537.3 Source : National Statistical Office e-Regional Indicator
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□ So 05-5 Nutrition
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
To measure nutritional indicator, the nutrition intakes compared to Dietary Reference Intakes(percentage of population with the daily intakes of major nutritions meeting the assumed needed amount (or recommended dietary intakes)), and proportion of those whose nutrient intakes were less than Dietary Reference Intakes (with the energy consumption being under the assumed needed amount (or 75% of the recommended dietary intakes) and the consumption of calcium, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin being under the needed amount (or 75% of the recommended dietary intakes) were analyzed. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
Among the nutrition intakes compared to Dietary Reference Intakes of the Republic of Korea in 2013, calcium was the lowest with 71.1%, and sodium was consumed excessively as 286.7%. The nutritions not satisfying the Dietary Reference Intakes were calcium, potassium and vitamin C, and in case of calcium and potassium, the consumption rate increased continuously with the increase rate of 14% and 47% in 2013 compared to 2007. On the other hand, the nutritions being overconsumed were sodium and thiamin, and though sodium intake decreased in 2013 compared to 2007 by –10%, thiamin intake increased continuously from 114.8% of 2007 by 74.5%p in 2013. The proportion of those whose nutrient intakes were less than Dietary Reference Intakes is 7.4% in 2013, declining by approximately 10%p from 17.1% of 2007, and the growth rate from 2007 to 2013 was –57%, indicating that the proportion of people not gaining sufficient nutrition is decreasing every year.
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
The nutrition of Korean citizen was managed from the national perspective, with little relevance to the hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games. In October 2005, the Korean Nutrition Society introduced new concepts of the recommended dietary intake for Koreans, revising the old one. The government established the national nutrition management law in 2010, announcing new Dietary Reference Intakes reflecting changes in eating habits every 5 years. Also, through efforts to guide the healthy eating habits of modern people by developing food nutrition guide, the nutrition intake of Koreans was enhanced 49). Therefore, the enhancement in the nutrition intake of Koreans had been achieved by the efforts of the government and the efforts of the civic organizations, and from other economic and social environmental factors that it cannot be judged as the influence of hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Games, but it is considered that to carry out promises suggested in the Bid File (bid-11), efforts before and after the Olympics will take place.
49) Ministry of Health and Welfare (2010, health.mw.go.kr/ReferenceRoomArea)
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Nutrition Intakes Compared to Dietary Reference Intakes (Unit : %) For Each 20092010201120122013 Nutrition
Energy 91.1 99.8 98.2 96.5 100.8
Protein 146.7 160.6 159.1 155.7 160
Calcium 67.1 73.3 71.9 70 71.1
Phosphorous 157.2 169.1 166 162.5 156.8
Sodium 331.4 342.3 339.2 325.4 286.7
Potassium 61.9 87.9 86.1 85.4 86.8
Iron 125.4 142.9 142.5 142.4 176
Vitamin A 118.1 122.4 124.6 132.4 111.1
Thiamin 115.9 127.6 124.7 123.6 189.4
Riboflavin 93.2 101 100.2 100.1 109.7
Niacin 107.8 118.9 118.5 116.8 110.9
Vitamin C 107.4 112.6 110.8 112 98.7
Source : National Statistical Office e-regional indicator
Proportion of Subjects whose Nutrient Intakes were less than Dietary Reference Intakes(Aged 1 and older) (Unit : %) Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
All Nation 14.2 10 10.6 11.9 7.4
Source : National Statistical Office e-regional indicator
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□ So 06-1 Cultural Activities of the Host Cities
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Outline
The cultural activities of the Host Cities are measured based on cultural facilities, with the number of visits to cultural facilities and number of visits to cultural events. For this purpose, in 2 year duration, with the subject of 5,000 men and women who are 15-years old and older (10,000 people for 2014), the number of utilizing cultural facilities of Gangwon/Jeju region (cultural center for Si, Gun and Gu, cultural arts hall, welfare hall, youth hall, cultural hall, libraries, museum, cultural home, sociocultural classes, private cultural center, private performance halls), and cultural arts education experiences are collected and measured in “cultural status survey”, and the cultural facilities are measured based on the national cultural based facilities researched each year (public libraries, registered museums and art museums, cultural arts hall, regional culture centers) Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
The total number of cultural facilities in the country was 2,519, with 198 in Gangwon-do, 7 in Pyeongchang-gun, 31 in Gangneung-si and 8 in Jeongseon-gun, and among the Host Cities, Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun had smaller number of cultural facilities. The cultural facilities of all nation, Gangwon-do and Host Cities have increased continuously after 2008, but the increase of Pyeongchang-gun was relatively small. Observing Gangwon-do's trends of cultural activities, the annual average visits to cultural facilities in 2014 increased by 161% compared to 2008 from 2.6 times to 6.7, and the annual average visits to cultural arts events and intention to visit each increased by 88% and 36%, respectively in 2014 compared to 2008.
Impact Relevance M Rating G Confidence H
The factors maximizing the cultural activities of the cities of Republic of Korea are from increases of leisure time and income that the direct relevance with the impact of hosting the Olympics is not high. The rate of viewing artistic events for each genre has increased in all genres except for traditional arts and musical, and the biggest reason hindering cultural arts activities was ‘economic cost (35.5% of the answerers)’50). There is no exact data analyzing whether the increase of the cultural activities of the hosting city was from hosting the Olympics, but according to the research of Cultural Policy Network of Korea (2015), the hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games will contribute to the cultural development and the cultural fostering of Gangwon-do51).
50) Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (2014), 2014 Cultural Status Research, Korea Culture and Tourism Institute 51) Cultural Policy Network of Korea et al. (2015), The Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Cultural Tourism Olympics is the answer, Korean National Assembly
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Cultural Activities
Category 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
National Cultural Facilities(No.) 1,741 2,030 1,979 2,072 2,182 2,375 2,519
Cultural Facilities in Gangwon-do(No.) 140 152 156 160 167 182 198
Pyeongchang-gun(No.) 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 Cultural Facilities of Gangneung-si(No.) 18 22 19 21 21 25 31 the Host Cities Jeongseon-gun(No.) 5 5 5 5 5 5 8
Average Annual Cultural Facility Usage 2.6 - 4.0 - 3.6 - 6.7
Average Annual Visits to Cultural Events 2.4 - 8.1 - 3.7 - 4.5
Interest in Visiting Cultural Events(%) 64.3 - 69.8 - 73.1 - 87.5 Experience in Culture and Arts Education 10.3 - 6 - 12.5 - 21.7 of Gangwon-do(%) Interest in Culture and Arts Education of 34.1 - 16.4 - 4.15 - 25.8 Gangwon-do(%) Source : Cultural Status Survey (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014)/ List of Cultural Facilities in Republic of Korea (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2008~2014)
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□ So 06-2 Olympic Culture and Education Program
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
The Olympic culture and educational program refers to the cultural and educational programs to help the understanding of the hosting nations of the Olympic Games and the hosting region. As there were no indicators related to the given indicator, the cultural program was measured of its influence by the secondary research data52)analyzing the festivals of the hosting region, and as for the educational program, the data of EF(Education First)53) the official sponsor of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games was used. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
According to a study on the festival of Gangwon-do through analyzing the contents of the 18 Si and Gun within Gangwon-do, in 2013, the regions which hosted the most festivals among the Si and Gun of Gangwondo hosted 12 festivals, which were Gangneung, Chuncheon, Wonju, Sokcho, Jeongseon and Samcheok. The region with the least number of festivals was Cheorwon-gun with only 2 festivals for the year, and Pyeongchang-gun hosted 5 festivals, showing discrepancies between regions. On the festival's exposure to media, The Hwacheon Mountain Trout Festival showed the highest frequency (1,148 cases), with Gangneung Danoje next(638 cases). Of the festivals in Gangwon-do, 9 festivals are mentioned in the Culture Tourism Festival Evaluation Report announced every year by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism , including Jeongseon Arirang Festival and Pyeongchang Hyoseok Cultural Festival, which are festivals of the Host Cities54). On educational programs, the global education company EF will provide educational contents on Olympism to the elementary, middle, high and college students and instructors until 2018 through official sponsorship contract with the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. The contents were created with various topics, consisting of 15 games of the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games and 6 Paralympic Games, Olympic spirit, occupations of the field of sports, and many other diverse topics. The contents were provided in both Korean and English for accessibility of Koreans and foreigners. Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
Examining the Olympic culture and the educational programs through Analysis of Gangwon-do’s festival (Bae Sun-hak, 2013), the hosting of festivals hosted in the Host Cities of Gangneung, Jeongseon, and Pyeongchang, is quite frequent within Gangwon-do, and media exposure was also very frequent as well, showing high effectivity on raising awareness of the regional culture through festivals. Also, by creating Olympic education contents, educational services could be provided continuously to not only students and instructors but citizens as well, and so this program would contribute to raising attention and awareness of the Olympic Winter Games(EF, 2016).
52) Bae Sun-hak(2013), A Space-Time Cluster Analysis of Festival in Gangwon-do, Discussion of Gangwon 4(2), Research Institute for Gangwon 53) Global Educational Corporation EF Education First (http://www.ef.co.kr/about-us/highlights/2016/ kr-2018-pyeongchang-olympic-winter-games/) 54) 2005-2015 Accumulated Advertisements, http://www.kado.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=763003
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Festivals in Gangwon-do
Exposure of Gangwon-do’s Festivals on Media
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Source : Gangwon-domin Ilbo(2016)
Analysis of Competitive Contents of Gangwon-do's Tourism
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□ So 06-3 Transmission of Traditional Culture
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview Refers to the activities to reestablish the value of traditional culture and living customs, and to transmit, preserve, maintain, and develop Jeongseon Arirang and Gangneung Dano, the regional culture. Jeongseon Arirang is the traditional folk song registered as Gangwon-do’s 1st Intangible Heritage in 1971, and it was registered as UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 2012. Gangneung Danoje was registered as the 13th Important Intangible Cultural Heritage in 1967, and was registered as Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in November 2005. Presentation □ See Tables overleaf Analysis Jeongseon Arirang, registered as an Intangible Cultural Heritage is being fostered continuously by Jeongseon Arirang Cultural Foundation established in 2008 to heighten the prosperity and value of Jeongseon Arirang through transmission, preservation and creative utilization55) of Jeongseon Arirang. As of 2013, 5 organizations are taking part in transmission and preservation of Jeongseon Arirang. The Jeongseon Arirang Cultural Foundation is pursuing various education, preservation, support and research projects, and the Jeongseon Gun Arirang Art Company had a total of 367 performances, including 244 performances at the Jeongseon 5-day market, 50 external performances and 73 theatrical performances56). Gangneung Danoje, dubbed ‘a thousand year festival’ because it was hosted since the 10th century, is a traditional culture fostered continuously by the nation and the regional organizations, and so Gangneung-si opened the Gangneung Dano Cultural Hall in 2004 for the preservation, continuance and daily viewing of Gangneung Danoje.57) Gangneung Dano Cultural Hall consists of exhibition halls and performance halls, and the exhibition halls exhibit related miniatures and videos to help understand Gangneung Danoje, and in the performance hall of 453 seats, not only Gangneung Danoje but also various art performances are shown. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M The Jeongseon Gun Arirang Art Company is putting in the best efforts for the Olympic Boom for the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games to be successful as an arts culture, hoping to form a heritage through hosting of the Olympic Games. During the remaining period until the hosting of the 2018 Olympic Games, Jeongseon Arirang performances are held abroad as well as in South Korea, and various contents and programs with the topic of Jeongseon Arirang would be developed to enhance the value of Jeongseon Arirang. For this, the Jeongseon Arirang would not only be internationalized, but be turned into the Olympic Cultural Heritage, having much influence from the Olympics58). Also, the Gangneung Danoje Committee has formed “Dana Flower 2018”, a cultural organization which the cultural arts organizations of Gangneung-si, Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun, have gathered to promote exchange activities and events among organizations.59) As results of the efforts of the cultural organizations to promote the Olympics, the linkage with the regional cultural heritages would contribute to the transmission and expansion of the ‘thousand year festival’, Gangneung Danoje.
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Transmission of Traditional Culture and the Educational Activities of Jeongseon Arirang and Gangneung Danoje
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Jeongseon Arirang
- Number of Organizations transmitting 55555 the culture(Units) - Number of people transmitting the 51(4) Culture - Number of Educational Programs / 5/18,168 3/- 3/- 2/- 4/- Number of Students - Number of Performance Programs / 3/- 3/- 3/- 3/37 3/- Number of Performances
- Number of Published Books - - - - -
Gangneung Dano
- Number of Organizations transmitting ----6 the culture(Units) - Number of people transmitting the ----- Culture - Number of Educational Programs / ----- Number of Students - Number of Performance Programs / ----- Number of Performances - Number of Visitors at Gangneung - 720,660 551,530 - 550,000 Danoje
- People With Abilities - - - - -
Source : The Project Achievement of Jeongseon Arirang Foundation (Jeongseon Arirang Culture Foundation, 2009-2013), Report for the Evaluation Results of Gangneung Danoje (Gangneung Danoje Committee, 2010-2013)
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□ So 07-1 Sports and Physical Activities
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview Sports and Physical Activities were identified by the number of sports clubs and the number of members, the number of sports for all forums and participants and the number of sports for all competitions that were hosted. ◦ Number of Sports Clubs (Sports for All Clubs) and the Number of Members: Refers to organizations with the same interests, including enhancing health or friendship focused on sports or other physical activities, and the Sports White Book, the official report of the government uses the term “Sports for All Club”. ◦ Number of Hosting of Sports for All Forums and Number of Participants: Sports for All Forums are projects providing the fundamental environments on village units for the residents to participate in sports easily. ◦ Number of Hosted Sports for All Competitions : Sports for All Competitions provide opportunities for the participants of physical activities to verify their own powers, and enjoy satisfaction from competition with others. Presentation □ See Tables overleaf Analysis In examination of the number of sports clubs and members within the Host City in 2015, Gangneung-si had 727 clubs and 21,324 people, with the largest scope of activities. In Pyeongchang-gun, there were 194 sports clubs and 3,217 people, and in Jeongseon-gun, there were 158 clubs and 3,836 people. For one sports club, there were 29 people in Gangneung-si, 23 people in Jeongseon-gun, and 17 people in Pyeongchang gun. In case of sports clubs at work and their members, there were 15 clubs and 717 members in Pyeongchang-gun, with the largest numbers, and there were 4 clubs and 491 people in Gangneung-si, and 13 clubs and 337 people in Jeongseon-gun, for the year 2015. In examining the change of the number of sports clubs and number of members of the Host City in 2015 compared to 2010, Gangneung-si showed a large change with the number of clubs and members increasing by 149% and 157%, and next, Jeongseon-gun showed an increase of 30% and 33%, and Pyeongchang-gun showed an increase of 23% and 19%, with sports activities all increasing in the host cities. The number of sports club members compared to the population in 2014 was 9.8% in Gangneung-si, 9.7% in Jeongseon-gun, and 7.4% in Pyeongchang-gun. Though the figures do not meet that of Gangwon-do(12.7%), it was higher than the national average(7.9%). For the number of sports for all forums and participants, there were 60.971 forums in 434 places, with 1,805,937 people participating. Out of these, Gangwon-do had 30 open space(6.9%), where 3.962 forums were hosted(6.5%) with 79,479 participants(4.4%). The number of sports for all forums, the number of hosted forums and participants in 2013 compared to 2007 seem to have decreased nationally and in Gangwon-do. As for the hosted sports for all competitions, 7,099 forums nationally, and 507 forums in Gangwon-do were hosted in 2013. This is a national increase by 54% and a 78% increase in Gangwon-do, compared to 2007. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H In 2007, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism operated integrated sports clubs consisting of various generations and various sports to host the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games60). Demonstrative projects were pursued until 2010, and these models were then dispersed nationally to settle sports club models suitable for the situations in ROK. Since then, sports clubs in South Korea increased radically. Also, through hosting the Olympic Winter Games, it is anticipated that regional sports will reach a new turning point, and this would be a stepping stone to continuous facilitation of sports for all through hosting large-scale events.
60) Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (2007)(http://www.mcst.go.kr/web/s_notice/press/pressView.jsp?pSeq=8756)
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Number of Sports Clubs and Number of Members
Category 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Clubs 51,905 70,847 77,873 86,220 96,768 105,418 Region Members 1,285,431 2,585,158 3,145,411 3,626,758 4,034,812 4,862,770 All Nation Clubs 3,657 3,918 4,007 4,164 4,564 4,687 Work Members 409,140 430,464 435,288 439,831 454,389 461,319
Clubs 3,961 4,589 4,897 5,198 5,904 6,165 Region Members 104,030 126,553 139,498 156,328 196,180 221,734 Gangwon-do Clubs 297 307 315 316 324 324 Work Members 26,852 27,105 28,120 28,151 29,073 29,073
Clubs 158 172 175 179 194 194 Region Members 2,713 3,013 3,051 3,099 3,217 3,217 Pyeongchang-gun Clubs 15 15 15 15 15 15 Work Members 717 717 717 717 717 717
Clubs 292 347 364 385 706 727 Region Members 8,282 9,191 11,393 13,748 21,177 21,324 Gangneung-si Clubs4 4 4 4 4 4 Work Members 491 491 491 491 491 491
Clubs 129 151 162 164 166 168 Region Members 2,890 3,308 3,782 3,809 3,834 3,836 Jeongseon-gun Clubs 13 13 13 13 13 13 Work Members 333 337 337 337 337 337
Source : Korea Council of Sports for All Homepage(http://club.sportal.or.kr/)
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Number of Sports Clubs and Number of Members for Each Sport
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Clubs Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Total 55,562 4,258 74,765 4,896 81,880 5,212 90,384 5,514 101,332 6,228 110,105 6,489
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Clubs Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Badminton 2,581 161 3,489 171 3,926 183 4,378 216 4,922 278 5,617 289
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Clubs Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Woodball 30 0 31 0 44 0 46 0 49 0 49 0
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Clubs Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won
Traditional Occult 9 1 11 1 30 1 64 2 82 2 121 2 Arts
Karate 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 20 0 27 0
Mixed Martial Arts 0 0 1 0 3 0 39 0 64 0 78 1
Cheerleading 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 12 0 30 0
Sports Stacking 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0
Curling0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 15 0 19 1
Dancing0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 26 0
Tee Ball 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 131 1 174 1
Tracking 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 25 0
Screen Golf0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 14 0 23 0
Judo Self Defense0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 1 3 1
Haedong Martial Arts 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
Daily Dance0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 1 96 1
Floor Ball0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 6 0 21 0
Mujeokdo 1 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 4 0 4 0
Aerobics 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 78 2 228 10
K-POP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 23 0 Life Dance
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Members Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Total 1,694,571 130,882 3,015,622 153,658 3,580,699 167,618 4,066,589 184,479 4,489,201 225,253 5,324,089 250,807
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Members Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Badminton 77,708 6,159 152,917 8,095 208,261 8,560 233,222 10,118 264,564 15,257 338,155 15,703
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Members Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Woodball 1,154 0 1,468 0 1,795 0 2,180 0 2,347 0 2,347 0
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Number of Members Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Haedong Kendo 376 0 1,390 0 1,669 0 1,771 0 1,805 34 2,357 34
Number of Hosted Sports for All Forums and Number of Participants
20092010201120122013 Category Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Number of Forums 520 39 520 39 518 33 434 30 434 30
Source : Sports White Book (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2013), Korean Sports Indicator (Korea Sports Science Institution, 2009-2013)
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Number of Hosted Sports for All Competitions
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Category Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won Competition Hosted by President/Prime ----15 2 5 --- Minister Competition Hosted ----50 6 10 --- by Minister Competition Hosted by the Chairman of - - - - 138 4 8 - - - National Council of Sports for All Other Competitions 4,308 105 4,308 105 4,406 130 2,889 - 7,099 507
Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2013)
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□ So 07-2 Physical Education and School Sports
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview Physical education and school sports are measured by the number of young gifted sportsmen of the Sports Prodigy Fostering Project (Sports Prodigy Fostering Project is a project to foster outstanding sportsmen, and to enhance the supply of the players of various sports), Sports Middle and High School (the domestic sports middle and high schools established to foster professional sports players), and number of P.E. instructors. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
According to the Sports Prodigy Fostering Project, the total number of young sportsmen and the number of sports centers are 752 and 17 each, respectively. The Sports Prodigy Centers are installed in universities, and in case of Gangwon-do, Gangwon University is fostering 30 students. This signifies that based on 2014, 225 fostered students and 6 centers have increased compared to 2009. Based on 2005, the middle school students participating in sports in Gangwon-do was 97 out of the total number of 1,273 students of the nation, a total of 7.6%, and high school students participating in Sports in Gangwon-do was 222 students out of 3,739 students, taking up 5.9% of the nation. As of 2015, the number of P.E. instructors in sports middle schools in Gangwon-do were 11, which accounts for 8.0% out of 138 instructors nationwide, and the number of P.E. instructors in sports high schools in Gangwon-do were 28, which accounts for 6.25% of 448 instructors nationwide. When examining the change in number of middle and high school students participating in sports in 2015 compared to 2009, the figure rose by 52% in middle school students, and 23% within Gangwon-do. In case of high school, the figure rose by 5% nationally, and 15% in Gangwon-do. When examining the change of number of instructors in physical education in 2015 compared to 2009, the number of instructors in sports middle schools increased by 73% from 80 to 138. However in Gangwon-do, the number of instructors was maintained at 11. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
Sports Prodigy Fostering Project, a core project of the Sport Prodigy Fostering Foundation founded in 2007, is a project to discover and foster sports prodigies by utilizing sports science. The Sports Prodigy Training Programs in 17 Sports Prodigy Centers are part of the continuous efforts to enhance the structures of supplying players and to foster well-rounded sportsmen61). The authorities in charge of policy at Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism noted that “with the project to discover outstanding prodigies, pro/university/youth sports teams will be installed and managed in winter sports related organizations and Olympic hosting cities. Continuously pursuing winter sports for all and school sports education will signify a continuance of the Olympic heritage and its future utilization.”62). Therefore, the fostering of sports prodigies that focused on competing powers in the past are changing its concepts to fostering human beings with competing power, social responsibilities and morality. Programs for student players so that they can continue education and sports at the same time are being provided in line with these concepts, allowing Republic of Korea to become an advanced sports nation.
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Number of Students Fostered by Sports Prodigy Fostering Project
Total200920102011201220132014
Fostered Students 527 608 707 751 752 752
Number of Centers111316171717
Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2013), Korea Research Institute for Sports (https://www.sports.re.kr)
Current Status of Sports Middle and High Schools
Number of Students Number of Instructors Number of Graduates Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Total 837 894 895 902 1,047 1,174 1,273 80 81 94 94 109 118 138 NA NA NA NANANANA Sports Middle School Gangwon 79 84 82 89 87 88 97 11 11 12 11 12 11 11 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
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□ So 07-3 Sports Facilities
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
Sports facilities are categorized into schoolyard, open school gym, sports facilities and public sports facilities. ◦ Schoolyard : The schoolyard is turned into modernized facilities for physical activities, to facilitate student participation, and enhances the sports for all activities of local residents ◦ Open School Gym: The difficulties of securing land for sports facilities are relieved, and costs for securing the land is deducted, allowing the students and general residents to use the facilities ◦ Sports Facilities : Legally, sports facilities may be defined as facilities being utilized continuously for sports competitions, outdoor sports, and subordinating facilities, and they are categorized into public sports facilities and private sports facilities according to organization of installation and operator ◦ Public Sports Facilities : Public Sports Facilities refer to sports facilities installed, managed and operated by the nation, regional organization and public legal entity to promote the physical activities of the people, and private sports facilities are categorized into professional sports facilities, sports for all facilities and work sports facilities
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf
Analysis
In examining the schoolyard project, of all schools within the nation, 61.1% had grass schoolyards or elastic schoolyards. The open gyms are being built continuously after 2009, and as of 2013, 10% of all the built gyms were being built in the Gangwon-do region. In examination of the sports facilities area per capita, Gangwon-do had larger area in both public sport facilities and private sports facilities compared to the whole nation. In case of the overall nation, the area per capita for public sports facilities was 2.5㎥ in 2012, but in case of Gangwon-do, the area was 5.7㎥, 130% of the whole nation. In case of private sports facilities, the nation’s area was 8.6㎥, and Gangwon-do’s area was 41.9㎥, over 4 times of that of ROK. In examination of the change of sports facility area per capita compared to 2009, public sports facilities shows an increase of 18% nationally, and 43% in Gangwon-do, and in case of private sports facilities, the area increased by 22% nationally, and 22% in Gangwon-do. As for the number of public sports facilities, there are 19,398 facilities nationally, and 1,545 facilities in Gangwon-do, roughly 8% of the national facilities. In 2013, 2 skating rinks of the national 21 skating rinks were located in Gangwon-do, and in case of snow sports facilities, all 3 were located in Gangwon-do. In case of public sports facilities, the facilities increased by 40% nationally and 50% in Gangwondo in 2013 compared to 2009, which is a much higher increase rate compared to the national increase. In case of public sports facilities area, the figure grew by 32% nationally and by 56% in Gangwon-do in 2013 compared to 2009.
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Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
Since 1993, the government input efforts to expand sports facilities and to promote participation in sports activities by the people through the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Sports Promotion 5-year Plan, and Mid-term and Long-Term Plans to Place Public Sports Facilities 63). In 2006, Mid-term and Long-Term Plans to Place Public Sports Facilities was established to suggest strategies for the installment of basic sports facilities. In 2011, to expand participation in sports activities, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism has constructed ‘Public Sports Facilities Guidance Service System’, contributing to ROK's status as an advanced sports nation to prepare for hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympics. Therefore, the expansion of the national and Gangwon-do’s sports facilities are being largely influenced by strategies to host various competitions, including the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games. Especially, as for the skating rink, there are 2 rinks in Gangwon-do among the 21 rinks nationwide, and in case of snow sports facilities, all 3 facilities are located in Gangwon-do. This signifies that expanding the facilities related to the Olympic Winter Games will expand its influence nationally, outside of Gangwon-do.
Schoolyard Project in 2013
Elementary Nation Middle School High School Special School Total School Total Number of Schools 5,925 3,177 2,320 160 11,582 795 512 473 16 1,796 Artificial 13.4% 16.1% 20.4% 10.0% 15.5% 366 156 198 55 775 Grass Schoolyard Natural 6.2% 4.9% 8.5% 34.4% 6.7% 1,161 668 671 71 2,571 Total 19.6% 21.0% 28.9% 44.4% 22.2% 638 700 655 25 2,018 Artificial 10.8% 22.0% 28.2% 15.6% 17.4% Elastic (Urethane) 1,182 656 612 36 2,483 Natural Schoolyard 19.9% 20.6% 26.4% 22.5% 21.4% 1,820 1,356 1,267 61 4,501 Total 30.7% 42.7% 54.6% 38.1% 38.9% Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2013)
Number of Open Multi-Purpose Gyms
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Republic of Korea (Number of Schools)2527252219 Gangwon (Number of Schools) 2 2 3 2 2 Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2013)
63) Kim, Tae-Dong(2012), Methods to Efficiently Manage and Operate the Public Sports Facilities in Gangwon-do, Research Institute for Gangwon
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Number of Sports Facilities Area per 1 Person
2009 2010 2011 2012 Category Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won Public Sports Facilities Area per 2.1 3.97 2.41 4.64 2.42 5 2.47 5.68 Person(㎡) Registered Sports 7.08 34.3 7.91 36.8 8.15 39.4 8.64 41.8 Private Sports Facilities Facilities Area per Reported Person (㎡) Sports 0.49 1.01 0.54 1.09 0.55 1.01 0.57 1.04 Facilities Source : The Korean Sports Indicator(Korea Institute for Sports Science (2009-2013)
Other Facility - 70 2,452 1,923 3,490 - 4 4 8 83 Source : Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism Statistics Portal(http://stat.mcst.go.kr/)
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Number of Registered Sports Facilities Businesses
Number of Businesses Area (1,000 ㎡)
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won
Liberal High - 1,451 1,862 1,862 1,890 - 36 94 94 150 - 40.1 19.8 19.8 12.6 Schools
College------2,0652,0592,0592,104-----
Source : Korea Sports Indicator (Korea Institute for Sports Science, 2009-2013)
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□ So 07-4 Top Level Sportsmen
Country(Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
Top-Level Sportsmen were measured by the registered teams and players per sport, number of registered players per sport, physical education instructor, sports instructor, and Saturday sports instructor, etc. ◦ Registered Teams and Players per Sport : According to Article 2 of National Sports Promotion Act, players are defined as people registered as players registered to each sports associations, and players who will participate in domestic/foreign competition must be registered at Korea Sports Council Competing Organization ◦ Physical Education Instructor : People teaching physical education with specific qualifications in elementary schools, middle schools and high schools ◦ Sports Instructor : People who instruct after-school sports club activity and assist the regular physical education classes by positioning sports instructors of specific qualifications in elementary (specialized) schools
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf
Analysis
The number of registered team for each sports in 2014 is 27,155 nationwide, and 1,560 in Gangwon-do. The change of the registered team for each sport in 2014 compared to 2009 was 6.5% nationally and 0.9% in Gangwon-do. There was not much change in Gangwon-do. The biggest change nationwide is the number of archery teams, which rose from 24 of 2009 to 371 in 2014, and Gangwon-do showed the largest change on this subject as well. Based on 2014, the number of registered players nationwide is 134,601, and 7,943 in Gngwon-do. The change of the registered players in 2014 compared to 2009 nationwide and in Gangwon-do were respectively –3% and –4%. The number of physical education instructors in middle and high schools is 14,302 nationally, 6% of total number of instructors. There was not much change of physical education instructors in middle and high schools in 2013 nationally and in Gangwon-do. In 2013, the number of middle school physical education instructors is 8,583 nationally, approximately 8% of the overall instructors. Among them, there are 304 instructors in Gangwon-do, approximately 8% of the number of instructors in Gangwon-do. Based on 2013, the number of physical education instructor in high schools was 12,781 instructors nationally, roughly 10% of the all instructors. Among them, there were 179 people in Gangwon-do, 4% of the all instructors in Gangwon-do. Based on 2013, the number of sports instructors was 3,800 people nationwide, and 299 people in Gangwon-do. In case of Republic of Korea, it was 0.6 instructor for school, being less than 1 per one elementary school, but in case of Gangwon-do, it was 0.8 per school, higher than the national rate. As for costs of sports instructors, it was 74,838 million won nationally, with the supporting budget and the number of instructors steadily increasing after 2010.
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Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The hosting of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games is positively influencing the fostering of top-level sportsmen. The Minister of Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism announced the ‘Drive the Dream’ program, investing approximately 544 billion USD for the development and fostering of Winter Sports until 201864). The amount of budget input in the preparation of the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games is approximately 13.8 trillion KRW. Examining the input of the budgets for the Sports Department of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, approximately 1.2587 trillion KRW was used to support sports facilities and to newly build and upgrade training centers 65), contributing to fostering elite sportsmen and leaders. The promises of the Bid File (bid-2) are being promoted.
64) Maeil Economics, April 8, 2011(http://news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?year=2011&no=223178) 65) Kyunghyang Newspaper (http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=201601242319575&code=980901)
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Source : Korea Sports Indicator (Korea Sports Science Institute, 2009-2013)
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Number of Physical Education Instructors in Middle and High School (Unit : Number of People) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Category Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won
National - - - -
Total Number of Public109,075 3,502 108,781 3,482 110,658 3,389 111,000 3,384 112,690 3,477 Instructors
Private 351 364 345 350 352 Middle School National - - - - -
Total Number of Public8,576 284 8,434 282 8,270 278 8,120 278 8,583 277 Instructors
Private 28 27 29 28 27
National 67 67 67 68 66
Total Number of Public88,997 1,642 90,735 1,640 90,464 2,276 89,538 2,329 89,469 2,305 Instructors
Private 624 651 889 857 860 General National 3 4 3 3 3
Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2013)
The Number of Saturday Sports Instructors and Human Resources Costs of 2012
Number of Consumed Budget (1,000 KRW) Elementary, Middle, High Number of Category Si and Do Schools and People Culture Education Elementary Total Specialized Department Department School Schools Nationwide 11,519 4,789 6,898,560 4,899,840 3,557,760 15,356,160
Gangwon-do 639 238 374,400 257,280 224,640 856,320 Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2011)
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□ So 07-5 Hosted Major Sports Events
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
The hosted major sports events is analyzed through the number of International Competitions and Sports Budgets. International Competitions are the World Cup and world-class competitions, and sports budget is a budget for promoting sports, composed of the resources of the national budget of the central government, regional budget of the regional government, the national sports fund operated by the Korea Sports Promotion Foundation, and the resources procured by the private sports organizations of Korea Sports Council and Korea Council of Sports for All.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf
Analysis
The number of internationally hosted competitions were 154 times nationally, 29 times in Gangwon-do in 2014, increasing by 75% and 123% in Republic of Korea and Gangwon-do compared to 2009. The sports budget of Gangwon-do is 1.28% of the total budget in 2014, lower than 1.45% of the national average, declining by approximately 40% from 2.19%, the sports budget proportion of 2009.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The hosting of the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games seem to have contributed to the large increase of major international competitions. The government has established supporting acts for various sports competitions to support the domestically held international competitions. International Sports Competition Supporting Act was created by the Korean National Assembly, and the support was specified through Special Committee for the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games in February 200666). Through revision of International Sports Competition Supporting Act of 2016, the basis for supporting various international competitions held nationally has now been established. In 2012, the Republic of Korea National Assembly has continued efforts to support various competitions like the Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games and International Sports Competitions by forming a Special Committee67). This has influenced the promotion of major international competitions in Republic of Korea and Gangwon-do. This is an execution of the bid-2, 8, 10 and 12 of the Bid File related to the hosting of the sports events. Although the proportion of sports budget decreased, the absolute number of budget actually increased when considering the hosting of the international competitions.
66) Jeong Hwang Cheol(2008), International Competition Gaining Power from Legal Support, National Assembly Recommendation 494 (January 2008) (http://dl.nanet.go.kr/SearchDetailList.do) 67) Kangwon Ilbo(January 14, 2016), http://www.kado.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=764609
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Number of Hosted International Competitions
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Category Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang Nation Gang wide won wide won wide won wide won wide won International 88 13 89 11 65 6 90 11 33 6 Competition International 9 9-42941 Conference
Total97139811698 9915346
Source : Korean Sports Indicator (Sports Science Institute, 2009-2013)
Sports Budget (Unit : Billion won) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Nationwi Gang Nationwi Gang Nationwi Gang Nationwi Gang Nationwi Gang Nationwi Gang de won de won de won de won de won de won
Total Amount of Regional 169,670 9,548 165,379 8,903 177,747 9,349 195,527 10,259 198,060 10,460 189,849 9,279 Governing Organization
Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, https://www.kosis.kr/)
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□ So 07-6 Case Study: Efforts to Expand the Base of Sports
〈2015 Hosting of 『Dream Program』 〉
Gangwon-do hosted 2015 Dream Program with 172 adolescents from 42 nations without snow with the slogan of ‘You are Champs, We are Friends’ for 13 days from January 25 to February 6, 2015 in Pyeongchang Alpensia and Gangneung Skating Rink. In general competitions, 146 adolescents from 38 nations participated, and 26 adolescents from 7 nations competed in paralympic games, in which 27 adolescents from 7 nations of Ghana, Afghanistan, Honduras, Yemen and Democratic Republic of the Congo participated in the event for the first time. As main program of the event, the Winter Sports Academy allowed the education and participation of 5 snow sports and 2 skating rink sports, carrying out Korean Culture Experience and Friendship Program as well.
Source : Dream Program Homepage(http://www.dreamprogram.co.kr/index.do 2015)
To expand the foundations for the citizens’ sports for all, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism announced ‘Mid and Long Term Plan to Expand the People’s Sports for All Facilities’ with a balanced positioning of the public sports facilities in Republic of Korea. It has also established the plan that the accessibilities to facilities would be enhanced by providing sports facilities of 105.97㎢ area similar to the area of Suwon-si would be provided until 2022. This mid and long term plan has achieved the additional positioning of the public sports facilities for the enhancement of accessibility and sports, and will be expanding 1,124 sports facilities by inputting 1.272 trillion KRW of budget until 2022. This signifies that the sports facilities that had been positioned one per Si, Gun and Gu will be positioned in Maeul (10 minutes by walk), Eup, Myeon, Dong (10 minutes by car) and Si, Gun and Gu (30 minutes by car), and to increase the service standards of the dense area with many users of swimming pools and badminton courts, new facilities would be provided based on geographic information system (GIS) analysis. In 2016, ‘Sports Facilities Information Provision Guidebook (New Sports Map)’ will be constructed for any citizen to view the sports facility information and reservation status.
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The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism anticipated that the execution of this mid and long term plan would allow 7 out of 10 citizens to participate in daily sports activities until 2022, allowing the Republic of Korea to rank among top 10 nations of OECD based on sports participation rate(The current sports participation rate of Republic of Korea is 54.7%, which marks 21st among the OECD nations.) Also, Dream programs are in progress to expand the base of sports of foreign nations as well as that of Republic of Korea. Dream programs include nations underdeveloped in winter sports for various reasons, including climate to provide winter sports such as ski and skating and cultural experiences to the adolescents with potential, contributing to actualizing the Olympic spirits of ‘expansion of base for winter sports’ and ‘cooperation and peace of mankind through sports’. Dream Program started from 2004 as Winter Sports Youth Fostering Program that Pyeongchang suggested to the International Olympic Committee(IOC) while inviting the Olympic Winter Games. 1,574 adolescents have participated (105 disabled adolescents) from 2004 to present day (10 days during January or February each year). From 2011, a 「New Dream Program」is being operated to allow more nations and adolescents to access the winter sports, and from 2012, 「Winter Sports Academ y」was operated to form human infrastructure for professional winter sports. Especially, among the participants of the Dream Program, 166 adolescents of 23 nations participated in international competitions of Winter Asian Games and Winter Universiade, contributing to the expansion of adolescent cultural exchange and promotion of friendship among nations.
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□ So 08-1 National Anti-doping Program
Country (Republic of Korea) Overview
Doping refers to the use of illegal drugs or methods (Ex. Blood transfusion), avoidance of doping test, switching samples for the purpose of improving athletic performance. World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) announces new version of laboratories, tests, international standards for therapeutic use exemptions and list of forbidden drugs every year. Measurement method, data measurement and data collection were recorded by the numbers of samples (Urine and blood) collected during the game and before or after the game. These samples were then analyzed at the doping control center of Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf
Analysis
When examining the data on the anti-doping performances, bodybuilding was the game that had the largest number of doping tests with 3,163 tests. Athletics and baseball followed. For the events in Winter Olympic Games, skiing had 493 doping tests and ice-hockey had 422 doping tests. The doping tests in bodybuilding games have increased about 437% from 2009 to 2014. However, except the case of ice hockey which had the increase of about 62% from 55 doping tests in 2009 to 89 doping tests in 2014, most games had smaller number of doping tests in 2014 compared to the number of doping tests in 2009.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games had the most stringent doping tests during the event. It is also expected that PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games will apply stringent test standards. For the purpose of conducting stringent doping tests, PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games has made an agreement for the analysis of doping samples with the Korea Institute of Science and Technology.68). Therefore, anti-doping tests have been tightened up through the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Furthermore, when considering the current trend, it seems that the tightening of anti-doping tests will continue even after PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. This is to show efforts for anti-doping tests based on the bid-12 plan.
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□ So 09-1 Housing Induced by PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do), Host City (Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun) Overview
This indicator measures and assesses the increase in the number of residential buildings constructed or remodelled from direct influence (Olympic Village) or indirect influence (Housing from urban restoration or urban development projects related to PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games) of the Games, or net increase of net floor area and the changes in the living standards from the influence of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. The purpose of the indicator is to understand the impacts in the housing sector from hosting PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games through quantitative measures on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the housing sector related to the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and to use the results as the basic data for the control and management in the post-Olympic period. Housing induced by PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games refers to the net increase of the number of buildings constructed or remodelled from the direct or indirect influence from the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games or increase of net floor area. The measurement indicator on the housing induced by Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic is classified into housing stock and construction authorization on residential building. Housing stock measures the fluctuation of the total number of housings stocks by year. If the increase in the number of housing stocks is higher than the average of 5 years before the decision on the hosting of the Olympics, it will be assessed as indirectly-induced housing. Construction authorization on residential buildings measures statistics of construction authorization on the residential buildings by year (Building unit and total floor area). If the number of construction authorizations or the total floor area which increased after the decision on the hosting of Olympic Games is higher than the average of 5 years before the decision on the hosting of Olympics Games, it will be assessed as indirectly-induced housing. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
There were 588,008 housing stocks in Gangwon-do in 2009 and the number showed an average annual increase of 10,000 housing stocks. Among the host cities, Pyeongchang-gun and Gangneung-si have been showing increasing trend every year. in case of Jeongseon-gun, the number of houses has dropped drastically in 2010. For the construction consents on the residential buildings of the host cities in 2013, Pyeongchang-gun had 456 housing units with total of 55,424㎥ for the total floor area. The floor area per unit was shown to be 135㎥. In case of Gangneung-si, there were 632 housing units with total of 229,280㎥ for the total floor area. The total floor per unit was shown to be 363㎥. In case of Jeongseon-gun, there were 233 housing units with total of 24,156㎥ for the total floor area. The total floor area per unit was shown to be 104㎥. Thus, total floor area per unit was largest in the case of Gangneung-si. Meanwhile, total floor area per unit in Gangwon-do was shown to be 206㎥. Thus, Gangneung-si was revealed to have larger total floor area per unit than the average total floor area per unit of Gangwon-do. Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun had rather
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smaller total floor area per unit than the average total floor area per unit of Gangwon-do. When examining the changes in the construction consent on the residential buildings of the host cities in 2013 compared to the figures from 2009, Gangneung-si had 60% increase in the number of units and 36% decrease in the total floor area. Pyeongchang-gun had 33% increase in the number of units and 6% decrease in the total floor area. Meanwhile Jeongseon-gun had 10% decrease in the number of units, and 66% decrease in the total floor area. For the construction consent on residential buildings, there were total of 515,251 cases in the Republic of Korea, and 12,977 cases in Gangwon-do as of 2014. the cases in Gangwon-do consisted of 3% of the total cases. When examining the changes in 2014 compared to the figures in 2009, the figure showed growth rate of 35% with the addition of 133,464 cases in a national scale. However, Gangwon-do showed growth rate of only 5%.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
For the Olympic-induced housing of the host cities, construction consents of Gangneung-si and Pyeongchang-gun have been increasing, thanks to the booming in the development and construction sector through the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. On the other hand, for the cases of Jeongseon-gun, construction consents on residential buildings have increased 25.5% until 2012 but decreased in 2013. In case of Gangneung-si, host city of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, the supply of rental houses is expected to double in 2018 compared to the figures in 201469). This expectation is based on the booming of real-estate market and the continuous construction of large-scale accommodations like hotels and residential buildings like apartments and officetels from the influence of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games70). Furthermore, it is expected that there will be an increase in the construction of residential buildings to accommodate Olympic-induced population along with the creation of mood for regional development through the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games including the utilization of Olympic village as private residential buildings in accordance with post-Olympic urban development plan as stated in bid-11 and 17.
Housing Stock
Type 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Republic of Korea 16,733,100 17,672,100 18,131,100 18,550,900 - Gangwon-do 588,008 599,302 607,230 617,100 - Pyeongchang-gun 18,844 19,018 19,413 - - Gangneung-si 86,438 87,110 87,631 - - Jeongseon-gun 17,369 16,637 17,103 - - Note : Gangwon-do announced the statistics on housing stocks until 2011 Source : Statistical Year Book of MLTM 2010 (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 2009-2013), Statistical Year Book of Gangwon-do (Gangwon-do, 2009~2012)
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Statistics of Construction Consents on the Residential Buildings
Type 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Republic of Number of Building Unit(s) 72,891 81,793 99,074 98,898 93,592 Korea Total Floor Area (㎡) 41,917,000 51,464,000 56,557,000 59,256,000 50,238,000
Gangwon-d Number of Building Unit(s) 5,900 6,380 6,537 6,913 6,390 o Total Floor Area (㎡) 1,100,632 841,002 1,171,739 1,469,580 1,317,265
Pyeong Number of Building Unit(s) 565 609 542 557 456 chang-gun Total Floor Area (㎡) 62,181 57,899 55,424 84,174 61,563
Gang Number of Building Unit(s) 333 350 450 543 632 neung-si Total Floor Area (㎡) 55,881 43,867 63,149 86,379 229,280
Jeong Number of Building Unit(s) 312 329 285 324 233 seon-gun Total Floor Area (㎡) 25,693 24,783 42,530 35,686 24,156 Source : MOLIT Statistics System(https://stat.molit.go.kr), Gangwon Statistical Information(http://stat.gwd.go.kr/)
Statistics of Housing Construction (Construction Authorization) (Unit : Authorization(s)) Type 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Republic of Korea 381,787 386,542 542,594 586,884 440,116 515,251
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□ So 09-2 Housing Conditions
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do), Host City(Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun) Overview
Housing Conditions measure the improvement of the change in housing condition from the direct or indirect influence from the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and uses ‘Housing Supply Ratio’ and ‘Households Under the Minimum Housing Standards Ratio’ as the measurement indicators on the housing condition. ◦ Housing Supply Ratio : Housing Supply Ratio is an indicator showing the quantitative condition of housing with the ratio of (Number of Households/Number of Housing). The indicator measures the fluctuation of Housing Supply Ratio by year. Also, the indicator measures the changes in the Housing Supply Ratio after the decision on the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games with the average figures for the past five years before the decision on the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter games. Furthermore, the indicator compares the changes on a national scale. ◦ Households Under the Minimum Housing Standards Ratio : Household under the Minimum Housing Standard Ratio is an indicator showing the qualitative standard of housing with a ratio of households under the minimum housing standard set by the Housing Act to the total number of households. The ratio measures the fluctuation of Household Under the Minimum Housing Standards Ratio by year (2-year period). The ratio also measures the changes in Household Under the Minimum Housing Standards Ratio after the decision on the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games with the average figures for the past five years before the decision on the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter games. Furthermore, the indicator compares the changes on a national scale. ※ Minimum Housing Standards : Minimum Housing Standards refer to the structural, functional and environmental standards of housing considering necessary facility standards, safety, soundness and other factors including minimum living space per household structure, number of rooms per purpose, kitchen space, bathroom and others set by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport for the purpose of promoting better livelihood by the public.(Housing Act Article 5-2, Enforcement Decree of the Housing Act Article 7) Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
For the Housing Supply Ratio of the Host Cities as of 2013, Pyeongchang-gun had 116%, Gangneung-si had 102% and Jeongseon-gun had 100%. In general, the ratios were higher than the national average, which was 103%, but lower than the average of Gangwon-do, which was 123%. When looking at the Housing Supply Ratio of 2013 of the host cities compared to the figures from 2007, the ratio has dropped from 129% to 116% in Pyeongchang-gun. The ratio has also dropped from 108% to 102% in Gangneung-si, and 117% to 110% in Jeongseon-gun. The decreasing trend was caused from the increase in the number of households compared to the increase in the number of housing within the same period. The number of households in Pyeongchang-gun has increased from 14,590 units in 2009 to 20,030 units in 2013 with an increase rate of 37.3%. Meanwhile the number of households in Gangneung-si has increased from 80,239 units to 86,806 units with an increase rate of 8.2% in the same period. Furthermore, the number of households in Jeongseon-gun has increased from 14,902 units to 19,328 units with an increase rate of 29.7%. During the same period, the number of housing has increased by 23.5%, 2.7% and 22.2% in
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Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si and Jeongseon-gun respectively. The number of households has increased by 9.2% in 2013 compared to the number of households in 2009 and the number of housing has increased by 11.1% in 2013 compared to the number of housing in 2009 on a national scale. Meanwhile, the same figures have increased by 11.9% and 23.9% respectively. For the Housing Supply Ratio, which shows the qualitative standard of housing conditions, the average ratio of the host cities was 110% as of 2013 and the ratio was higher than the national average and lower than the average ratio of Gangwon-do. When examining the Housing Supply Ratio in 2013 compared to the ratio in 2009, the ratios of the host cities all dropped in 2013 compared to the ratios in 2009. The drop was induced by the increase in the number of households, which was a lot more than the increase in the number of housing. During the same period, the number of households in Gangwon-do increased by 11.9%, and the number of housing increased by 23.9% showing they increased much faster than on the national scale. For Households Under the Minimum Housing Standards Ratio which shows the qualitative standard of housing, the average of Gangwon-do was 3.8% as of 2014. Thus, the average was lower than the national average of 5.4% showing that the qualitative standard was far more pleasant than other areas. It was shown that the number of households under the minimum housing standards has dropped in 2014 compared to the number of households under the minimum housing standards in 2012 both on a national scale and in Gangwon-do. For the Households Under the Minimum Housing Standards ratio as of 2012, Jeongseon-gun had 20.2%, Gangneung-si had 14.0% and Pyeongchang-gun had 10%. Thus, the ratios were higher than the national average. Available statistical data on Si or Gun scale were first produced in 2012 and there are no resources avaliable for previous years. Thus, impact of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games cannot be accurately measured in the current setting. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
It was confirmed that households under the minimum housing standards are influenced by household characteristics and regional characteristics. For specific factors, it was confirmed that householder’s sex, educational background, public rental housing ratio and average rent fee and other factors may increase the number of households under the minimum housing standards71). For the measures to improve housing standards, the suggested policies are the increase in construction of public rental housing, different calculation rule on monthly rent free on housing under the minimum housing standards, and preferential housing welfare for the households with children. Meanwhile, the number of houses of the host area has been showing an increasing trend. Thus, it may be considered that the decision to host the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has influenced the trend. However, in case of Gangneung-si, there was concern that the increasing trend may lead to the oversupply of houses taking advantage of the special demand created from the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games72). It is expected that the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter games would be a turning point that may induce the development of the region, as the number of households under the minimum housing standard has dropped while the quality of housing including housing environment has improved through the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. This may be interpreted that PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games will bring temporary impact. However, it is understood that the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has improved the housing standard considering the characteristics of the awareness on housing in the Republic of Korea.
71) Se Hee Lim(2015) The Determinants of Sub-standard Housing: Focusing on the Characters of the Districts 72) http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/df931b0e7e6e46c69d13df78a1f407ef
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Housing Supply Ratio
Type 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Number of Households (1,000) 16,862 17,339 17,719 18,057 18,408 18,773 Republic of Number of Houses (1,000) 17,071 17,672 18,131 18,551 18,969 19,429 Korea Supply Ratio(%) 101 102 102 103 103 103 Number of Households 529,956 557,751 567,098 573,667 593,040 592,400 Gangwon-do Number of Houses 588,008 599,302 607,230 686,688 728,444 641,700 Supply Ratio(%) 111 107 107 120 123 108 Number of Households 14,590 15,316 15,464 15,591 20,030 - Pyeong Number of Houses 18,844 19,018 19,413 20,956 23,267 - chang-gun Supply Ratio(%) 129 124 126 134 116 - Number of Households 80,239 84,099 85,140 86,043 86,806 - Gang Number of Houses 86,438 87,110 87,631 106,502 88,730 - neung-si Supply Ratio(%) 108 104 103 124 102 - Number of Households 14,902 14,753 14,529 14,339 19,328 - Jeong Number of Houses 17,369 16,637 17,103 18,162 21,217 - seon-gun Supply Ratio(%) 117 113 118 127 110 - Source : Korea Statistical Information Service (KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
Households Under the Minimum Housing Standards Ratio
Type 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Number of Household(s) - 17,339,400 - 18,057,000 - 18,458,000 Republic of Household(s) Under the Minimum - 1,840,000 - 1,276,997 - 992,000 Korea Housing Standard Ratio (%) -11-7.2-5.4 Total Number of Household(s) - - - 575,300 - 598,400 Household(s) Under the Minimum Gangwon-do - - - 48,370 - 23,000 Housing Standard Ratio (%) - - - 8.5 - 3.8 Total Number of Household(s) - - - 18,915 - - Pyeong Household(s) Under the Minimum - - - 1,892 - - chang-gun Housing Standard Ratio (%) ---10.0-- Total Number of Household(s) - - - 68,162 - - Gang Household(s) Under the Minimum - - - 9,524 - - neung-si Housing Standard Ratio (%) ---14.0-- Total Number of Household(s) - - - 16,246 - - Jeong Household(s) Under the Minimum - - - 3,287 - - seon-gun Housing Standard Ratio (%) ---20.2-- Note : 1) The households not compliant to minimum residential standards of Si and Gun level were not reported on the Residential Status Report of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation(Reported since 2012) 2) Minimum Residential Standards : Refers to the structural, performance, and environmental standards in consideration of mandatory facilities, safety and comfort determined by residential area, number of rooms by usage, kitchen, and bathroom, etc., necessary in order for the people to live a pleasant and suitable residential life(Housing Act, Article 5-2, Enforcement Decree Article 7) Source : Residential Status Report(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation, 2009~2014)
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□ So 10-1 Images of Host Cities Depicted by Media
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
(Mass) Media refers to the method used to deliver information and news to random people or news agencies or broadcasting companies. The measurement methods, data measurement and data collection are as follows. ◦ The analysis on the coverage of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games by foreign media is conducted with newspaper agencies and broadcasting companies of 14 different countries including the People’s Republic of China, Japan, Republic of South Africa, United States of America, Canada, Brazil, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Australia and New Zealand. The analyzed data were collected for two weeks from April 1, 2014 to April 14, 2014 through the internet news services of newspaper agencies and broadcasting companies. Afterwards, the data were coded and analyzed using statistics programs. ◦ The selection of countries targeted for the analysis was altered to meet the circumstances of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games in referring to Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games OGI report. Furthermore, factors including international relations of the Republic of Korea by continent and countries scheduled to host Olympics and World Cup in th future were considered carefully. ◦ The team selected three media per country including 1 broadcasting company and 2 newspaper agencies except in the case of the People’s Republic of China. In case of broadcasting company, public broadcasting company or national broadcasting company was given priority. ◦ Through the analysis of the contents, the topic(sports, politics, society, economy, culture) and recognition (positive, negative, neutral) were categorized.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf.
Analysis
Among the countries targets for the analysis, the country that had the most active coverage on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games was Australia (29 cases), and followed by New Zealand (23 cases), United States of America and Germany (20 cases respectively) and Brazil (19 cases). There were only few coverage on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games in Italy (3 cases) and Republic of South Africa (4 cases). Sports had the highest percentage (79.4%) among the topics of the articles on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. From the aspect of coverage attitude, the articles with neutral attitude had the largest number of cases with 146 articles (73.4%), and there were 13 positive articles (17.1%) and 19 negative articles (9.5%). The country that had the largest number of positive articles was Australia (7 cases), and the negative articles were mostly published in Germany.
264 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The hosting of large-scale international mega-event contributes not only to the economy but also to the improvement of national image73). As empirical studies suggested that the national and municipal brand value gets improved when hosting sports event, competition for the hosting of mega-events like the Olympic Games has grown fierce. Especially, information received by the people from all over the world through media acts as an important factor in the formation of national image, and this contributed to establishing a foundation for national brand. It is expected that the successful hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games would contribute to the improvement of international status and the image of the Host Country and the Host Cities74). Moreover, Hyundai Research Institute (2011) has anticipated that the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games would bring impact on tourism industry worth 32.2 trillion KRW and also procure improvement of corporate brand awareness worth 11.6 trillion KRW (Approximately 10 billion USD)75). As the media broadcast of Mega Sports Events are focused on the short term, the media recognition is very high during the event period, but relatively low during the bidding and preparation process76). However, the impact on the images of the Host Cities depicted by the media was shown to increase as the event nears, and is expected to reach its peak through the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.
73) Cheol Ho Shin(2011), PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games and National Brand, A Seminar Report on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games (https://www.kcti.re.kr/UserFiles/File/12584d04-f379-46ee-b1cf-861cde6c06c7.pdf) 74) Jeong A Ryoo(2012), Basic Plan on the Culture and Tourism Sector based on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, Korea Culture and Tourism Institute (http://kcti.re.kr/03_1.dmw?method=view&reportId=0 &reportSeq=892) 75) Korea Culture and Tourism Institute(2011), Ripple Effect of the Spendings of Foreign Visitors During PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter games, Culture and Tourism 76) Eunbee Oh(2014), Analysis of Media Framing During the Bidding Process of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, The Tourism Sciences Society of Korea, International Academic Seminar Records 76(2)
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Media Coverage on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Continent Country Media Language Reporting Attitude Positive: 4 People’s Republic of CCTV: 3 Chinese, Korean Neutral: 3 China: 7(3.5) Renmin Ribao: 4 Negative: 0 Asia NHK: 2 Positive: 3 Japan: 9(4.5) The Asahi Shimbun: 5 Japanese, Korean Neutral: 6 The Sankei Shimbun: 2 Negative: 0 SABC: 1 Positive: 1 Republic of South Africa: Africa The Star: 2 English Neutral: 3 4(2.0) Business Day: 1 Negative: 0 CNN: 6 Positive: 4 United States of New York Times: 7 English, Korean Neutral: 10 America: 20(10.1) North Wall Street Journal: 7 Negative: 1 America CBS: 3 Positive: 1 Canada: 15(7.5) Toronto Star: 8 English Neutra: 18 National Post: 4 Negative: 0 BBC: 8 Positive: 4 United Kingdom: 15(7.5) The Guardian: 3 English Neutral: 11 The Daily Telegraph: 4 Negative: 0 ZDF: 3 Positive: 1 Germany: 20(10.1) Suddeutsche Zeitung: 10 German Neutral: 14 Die Welt: 7 Negative: 5 F1: 1 Positive: 0 France: 9(4.5) Le Monde: 4 French Neutral: 7 Europe Le Figaro: 4 Negative: 2 RTVE: 2 Positive: 1 Spain: 11(5.5) El Pais: 6 Spanish Neutral: 8 El Mundo: 3 Negative: 2 RAI: 0 Positive: 0 Italy: 3(1.5) La Republica: 1 Italian Negative: 3 Il Corriere della sera: 2 Neutral: 0 1CH: 1 Positive: 1 Russia: 15(7.5) Rossiskaya Gazeta: 12 Russian Neutral: 11 Izvestiya: 2 Negative: 3 ABC: 1/SBS: 18 Positive: 7 The Australian: 10 Australia: 29(14.6) English Neutral: 20 The Australian Financial Negative: 2 Oceania Review: 0 TVNZ: 1 Positive: 4 New Zealand: 23(11.6) New Zealand Herald: 12 English Neutral: 18 Dominion Post: 10 Negative: 1 Total Positive : 34(17.1%) / Neutral : 146(73.4%) / Negative : 19(9.5%) / Total: 199(100%)
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Source:
1. CCTV: www.cntv.cn/ 2. Renmin Ribao Korean Version: kr.people.com.cn/ 3. NHK: www.nhk.or.jp/ 4. Asahi Shimbun: www.asahi.com/ 5. Sankei Shimbun: sankei.jp.msn.com/ 6. SABC: www.sabc.co.za/ 7. The Star: www.thestar.co.za/ 8. Business Day: www.businessday.co.za/ 9. CNN: www.cnn.com/ 10. New york Times: www.nytimes.com/ 11. Wall street Journal: online.wsj.com/ 12. CBS: www.cbs.co.kr/ 13. Toronto Star: www.thestar.com/ 14. National Post: www.nationalpost.com/ 15. TV Cultura: tvcultura.cmais.com.br/ 16. Folha de Sao paulo: www.folha.uol.com.br/ 17. O Estado de Sao Paulo: www.estadao.com.br/ 18. BBC: www.bbc.co.uk/ 19. The Guadian: www.theguardian.com/ 20. The Daily Telegraph: www.telegraph.co.uk/ 21. ZDF: www.zdf.de/ 22. Süddeutsche Zeitung: www.sueddeutsche.de/ 23. Die Welt: www.welt.de/ 24. F1: www.la1ere.fr/ 25. Le Monde: www.lemonde.fr/ 26. Le Figaro: www.lefigaro.fr/ 27. RTVE: www.rtve.es/ 28. El Pais: elpais.com/ 29. El Mundo: www.elmundo.es/ 30. RAI: www.rai.it/ 31. La Republica: www.repubblica.it/ 32. Il Corriere Della Sera: www.corriere.it/
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33. 1CH: www.1tv.ru/ 34. Rossiskaya Gazeta: www.rg.ru/ 35. Izvestiya: izvestia.ru/ 36. ABC: www.abc.net.au/ 37. SBS: www.sbs.com.au/ 38. The Australian: www.theaustralian.com.au/ 39. The Australian Financial Review: www.afr.com/ 40. TVNZ: tvnz.co.nz/ 41. New Zealand Herald: www.nzherald.co.nz/ 42. Dominion Post: www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/
□ So 11-1 Disabled Sports
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
Disabled Sports was measured through the factors including but not limited to disabled sports, sports instructor for the disabled, sports for all program for the disabled, sports association for the disabled and registered athletes, business sports teams for disabled sports and the hosting of international events. ◦ Disabled Sports : Disabled sports is a subcategory of sports, and is a universal and professional referring to the sports activities of the people with disabilities. Disabled sports is a term combining the term “People with Disabilities’ and the term ”Sports.” ◦ Sports Instructor for the Disabled : Sports instructor for the disabled is a term used by the Korea Sports Association for the Welfare of the Disabled (Renamed as ‘Korea Welfare Promotion Association for Disabled’ in 2000) for the cultivation of leaders and instructors since 1993. As of 2012, total of 190 sports instructors for the disabled are currently working all over the Republic of Korea. ◦ Sports for All Program for the Disabled : Sports for all program for the disabled refers to the customized programs managed and operated by the member organizations through the segmentation of the type and the level of disabilities of the disabled by game, for the participation of the disabled to the sports for all programs. ◦ Sports Association for the Disabled and Registered Athletes : There are 27 sports associations by game and 4 athletic organizations by type. In total, there are 31 organizations in the Republic of Korea. If including 10 accredited organizations, there are 41 organizations in the Republic of Korea. Each member organization has Si branches and Do branches (357 branches in total), and athletes willing to participate in local or international athletic event should register in a member organization. ◦ Business Sports Team for the Disabled : Business Sports Team for the Disabled refers to sports organization where the disabled athletes work and exercise at the same time at a company. Business sports team for the disabled has been playing a huge role promoting occupational stability of the athletes and the instructors and enabling them to pursue a livelihood after the life as an athlete. ◦ International Event : International event refers to Summer and Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games and the World Championships. Besides, the Paralympic Games include Deaflympics and Special Olympic Games and others.
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Presentation □ See Tables overleaf Analysis
The participation rate of the sports for all for the disabled has dropped from 69.8% to 65.8% since 2009 regarding the sum of the people who practice sports for all for the disabled and the people who imperfectly practice sports for all for the disabled. However, the rate of the people who practice sports for all has increased from 7% to 14.1%, which is an increase of 101%. Thus, it was revealed that the number of people with disabilities exercising for purposes beside rehabilitation have increased. In case of the people with disabilities, people who exercise on a daily basis had the highest percentage both on a national scale and in Gangwon-do. In case of the preferred type of sports, walking had the highest percentage both on a national scale and in Gangwon-do. When examining the present condition on the placement of sports instructor for the disabled, there were 230 sports instructors on a national scale and 12 sports instructors in Gangwon-do as of 2013. The sports instructors were placed with supports from Korea Paralympic Committee and Si and Do (50% respectively). In 2009, the number of sports instructors were 101 on a national scale and 5 in Gangwon-do. However, the number of sports instructors have increased by 128% on a national scale and by 140% in Gangwon-do as of 2013 compared to the figures in 2009. For the present condition on the sports for all program for the disabled, 7,071 people have been participating in 335 different organizations on a national scale. For Gangwon-do, there were 8 different programs and 120 participants. In case of Gangwon-do, there were 1,967 participants with 9 programs as of 2009, 129 participants with 10 programs as of 2010, 273 participants with 15 programs as of 2011 and 313 participants with 17 programs as of 2012. The number of organizations have increased by 87% from 2009 to 2013 (179 organizations to 335 organizations) on a national scale, but the number of participants has decreased by 79% from 33,819 to 7,071. It was shown that the number has also decreased by about 90% in Gangwon-do. When examining the number of athletes registered at the member organizations for the disabled by event, it was investigated that there were 13,057 athletes on the national scale and 628 athletes in Gangwon-do as of 2013. For gender ratio, 77% were male athletes and 23% were female athletes on a national scale, and 83% were male athletes and 17% were female athletes in Gangwon-do. When examining the changes in the number of athletes registered at the member organizations for the disabled by game in 2013 compared to 2009, the figure has increased by 24% in case of Gangwon-do, and the figure has increased by 64% on a national scale. In case of business sports teams for the disabled in Gangwon-do, there have been three teams each in ice hockey, shooting and skiing since 2011. Also, it was shown that the ice hockey team had the largest number of players with 12 players. Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H National Sports Promotion Fund is a fund worth 9357.8 billion KRW as of 2014. The National Sports Promotion provides 2,151.2 billion KRW to sports for all, 1471.6 billion KRW to professional sports, 2,199.5 billion KRW to international sports and the development of sports industry, 262.0 billion KRW to disabled sports and 104.5 billion KRW to other youth sports and Olympics commemoration affairs. In total, the fund is currently playing a key part in promoting the sports industry in the Republic of Korea by providing 6,288.8 billion KRW. Disabled sports was neglected until 2005, but was assigned 7 billion KRW in 2006. The budget has since increased to 62.9 billion KRW in 2014.77). Therefore, it was shown that the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has directly influenced the drastic development of disabled sports area which has been neglected compared to national sports area.
77) Korea Sports Promotion Foundation (http://www.kspo.or.kr/?menuno=91)(Date of Searching: February 28th 2016)
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Number of (Types of) Registered Disabled People (Unit : 100 Persons) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Type All Gang All Gang All Gang All Gang All Gang All Gang Nation won Nation won Nation won Nation won Nation won Nation won
Source : Present Condition of the Registration of the Disabled (A Report from the Ministry of Health and Welfare)
Participation Rate of the Sports for All by the Disabled on a National Scale (Unit : %) Type 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
People who practice sports for all for the disabled 7 8.6 9.6 10.6 12.3 14.1
People who imperfectly practice sports for all for the disabled 62.8 56 60.8 49 57 51.7
People who do not exercise but have the will do so in the future 19.5 22.9 15.9 25.7 21.8 20.5 People who do not exercise and do not have the will to do so in 10.7 12.3 13.7 14.7 8.9 13.7 the future Source : A Study on the Actual Condition of Sports for All for the Disabled (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2014)
Number of Exercise by the Disabled on a National Scale (Unit : %) 2014 Frequency 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (Gangwon) Below once a month 4.8 3.7 4.6 4.2 4.2 3.1 2.3 2~3 times a month 2.4 2.6 9.2 12.2 9.3 9.8 10.1 Once a week 6.6 6.7 19.8 22.6 11.8 12.4 8.9 2~3 times a week 35 34.6 31.4 30.7 28.6 28.1 24.3 4~5 times a week 18 18.2 18.2 16.3 16.1 16.7 19.7 Almost everyday 33.2 34.2 16.8 14 30 29.8 34.7 Source : A Study on the Present Condition of the Sports for All for the Disabled (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009~2014)
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Preferred Type of Sports by the Disabled on a National Scale (Unit : %) Type 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2014(Gangwon)
Other 16.4 13.7 5.3 10.5 11.9 7.2 7.8 Source : A Study on the Present Condition of the Sports for All for the Disabled (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009~2014)
Placement of Sports Instructor for the Disabled (Unit : People) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Year Type All Gang All Gang All Gang All Gang All Gang Nation won Nation won Nation won Nation won Nation won Supported by Korea 54 3 68 3 89 4 95 5 115 6 Paralympic Committee
Supported by Si and 47 2 70 3 89 4 95 5 115 6 Do
Total 101 5 138 6 178 8 190 10 230 12
Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009~2014)
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Number of Participants in the Sports for All Programs for the Disabled
Number of Year Organization Name Note Participants Shooting Class for the Beginners 456 Dream Class for the Field and Track Events 210 Sokcho Boccia Class 189 Swimming Class for the Women with Disabilities 273 179 Organizations / 2009 Bowling Class for the Women with Disabilities 135 33, 819 Participants Bowling Club at Milal Rehabilitation Center 108 Chuncheon-si Boccia Class 209 Bowling Class for the Workers with Disabilities 195 Badminton Class for the Beginners 192 Gangwon Swimming Classes 14 Gangwon Lawn Ball Classes 17 Gangwon Chuncheon Boccia Classes 9 Gangwon Sokcho Swimming Class for the Women with Disabilities 10 Gangwon Bowling Class for the Visually Impaired 12 197 Organizations / 2010 Gangwon Bowling Class for the People with Intellectual Disabilities 12 14,537 Participants S-Line Yoga Class for the Beginners 9 Sokcho-si Beginner’s Swimming Class for the Disabled People 10 Chuncheon Sitting Volleyball Class for the Workers with Disabilities 11 Rafting Class 25 Gangwon Hongcheon-gun Beginner’s Volleyball Class for the Disabled People 16 Beginner’s Shooting Class at the Gangwon Donghae-si Sanatorium for the Disabled People 15 Taekkyon Class at Gangwon Milal Rehabilitation Center 20 Gangwon Wonju Yonsei Dream Wheelchair Curling Class 10 Gangwon 2011 Water-Skiing Class 26 Gangwon Badminton Class for the Disabled People 18 Gangwon Eoulim Bowling Class 19 312 Organizations / 2011 Gangwon Sokcho-si Boccia Class for the Disabled People 18 6,823 Participants Gangwon Yangyang-gun Song-i Park Golf Class 12 Gangwon Eoulim Aerobics Class for the Women with Disabilities 19 Gangwon Aqua Swimming Class 18 Gangwon Chamsarang Tandem Cycling Class 12 Gangwon Sokcho-si Athletics Class for the Disabled People 10 Gangwon Yangyang-gun Gomduri Gate Ball 25 Gangwon Traditional Sports Class 35 Immanuel Swimming Class 14 Chuncheon House of Peace Bowling Class 9 Taebaek-si Community Rehabilitation Center Table Tennis Class 18 Samcheok-si Association of Persons with Physical Disabilities Table Tennis Class 14 Aehyang-won Dance Sports Class 19 Jeongdaun-maul Boccia Class 17 Milal Rehabilitation Center Aerobics Class 30 Cherwon-gun Association of Persons with Physical Disabilities Lawn Ball Class 24 312 Organizations / 2012 Gangneung-so Community Rehabilitation Center 35 6,870 Participants Wonju Sports Council Boccia Class 15 Wonju Sports Council (Jangjugi Yosep Rehabilitation Center) Dance Sports Class 24 Sokcho-si Sports Association for the Disabled Swimming Class 10 Sokcho-si Sports Association for the Disabled Table Tennis Class14 Yangyang-gun Sports Association for the Disabled Badminton Class15 Gangwon-do Sports Association for the Disabled Water-Skiing Class 30 Sokcho-si Sports Association for the Disabled Traditional Archery Class 11 Sokcho-si Sports Association for the Disabled Horse Skill Class 14 Cheorwon-gun Hantan River Futsal Class for the Disabled People 15 Table Tennis Class 21 2013 Pool Class 21 Wonju Dolphin Swimming Class 12 335 Organizations / 2013 Cycling Class 10 7,071 Participants Yangyang-gun Song-i Park Golf Class 12 2013 Traditional Sports Class 15 2013 Traditional Sports Class 14 Source : Sports Indicators in Korea (Korea Institute of Sports Science, 2009~2013)
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Number of Athletes Registered at the Member Organizations by Event
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
MaleFemaleTotalMaleFemaleTotalMaleFemaleTotalMaleFemaleTotalMale Female Total Type
Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All Gangw All on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation on Nation
Total 632 6,483 98 1,550 505 7,976 499 7,935 113 2,223 602 10,158 525 9,744 120 2,944 645 12,688 521 10,313 107 3,231 628 13,544 521 10,027 107 3,030 628 13,057 Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009~2013)
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Business Sports Team for the Disabled
Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Number of Nationwide 9 10 27 36 38 Teams Gangwon-do 1 1 3 3 3
Gangwon- Gangwon- Gangwon- Gang Gang Gang Gangwon Gangneung do High 1 do High 1 do High 1 Affiliation neung City neung City neung City Land City Hall Provincial Resort Provincial Resort Provincial Resort Hall Hall Hall Office Office Office
Ice Ice Ice Event Skiing Shooting Shooting Skiing Shooting Skiing Shooting Skiing Hockey Hockey Hockey
Total Number 6 3 143314331433 of People
Gangwon-do Manager 1 1 1 1
Coach1111111
Trainer
Athlete(s)43 123212321232
Foundation 2008 2008 2006 2008 2008 2006 2008 2008 2006 2008 2008 Date
Source : Sports White Paper (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2009-2013)
Hosting of International Events by Gangwon-do
Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
World Wheelchair 2013 Special IPC Alpine Skiing Event Name --Curling Championship Olympics World World Championships 2012 Winter Games
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Budgets for the Sports Associations for the Disabled by Si and Do in 2010
Total Budget/ Total Budget/ Number Number of Total Budget Operating Project Support Fund Support Fund Type of the Athletes with (1 million Expenses (1 Expenses per 1 per 1 athlete Disabled Disabilities KRW) million KRW) (1 million KRW) disabled with disability person (KRW) (KRW) Total 2,517,312 10,442 26,782(100) 7,210(26.9) 19,572(73.1) 10,639 2,564,834
Seoul 414,522 1,183 4,144(100) 802(19.4) 3,342(80.6) 9,997 3,502,959
Jeonnam 147,918 591 1,150(100) 302(26.3) 848(73.7) 7,775 1,945,854 Gyeongbu 170,396 552 1,386(100) 386(27.8) 1,000(72.2) 8,134 2,510,870 k Gyeongna 180,880 526 1,113(100) 231(20.8) 882(79.2) 6,153 2,115,970 m Jeju 31,874 253 958(100) 390(40.7) 568(59.3) 30,056 3,786,561 Source : White Paper on Disabled People (Korea Disabled People’s Development Institute, 2010)
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□ So 11-2 Case Study : Vitalization of Adapted Physical Activities
〈Case: Outreach Service Team for Adapted Physical Activities〉
“Outreach Service for Adapted Physical Activities” is being operated to provide consultation on the physical activities, offer information on Adapted Physical Activities programs, and to instruct sports for all activities to the disabled people staying at home and severly disabled people. “Outreach Service Team for Adapted Physical Activities” was established in 16 cities and Do in 2011, and the teams provide real-time consultation service through a hotline (1577-7976). The teams offer the consultation service with sign language through video call for the hearing-impaired people since 2009, and the instructors have been providing supports in the physical activities in the field.
Korea Paralympic Committee has arranged ‘Sports NOWOW’ campaign for the realization of healthy society through the expansion of the participation of the disabled people to sports for all activities. For the purpose, the Korea Paralympics Committee has provided outreach sports for all service so that disabled people may enjoy sports activities without circumstantial restraints. People may apply for the outreach sports for all service through three different methods including hotline, internet and visiting consultation. When an application for the service is processed, it is managed so that disabled person may conveniently enjoy sports for all through exercise prescription, exercise instruction, club guide and others through individual consultation session. Moreover, sports for all information centers are established and operated for the provision of information, to expand participation by the disabled people to sports for all activities. Thus, disabled people may freely participate in sports for all activities with sports for all information guide, exercise consultation, club information through the management of information related with sports for all. There are 1,741 sports for all clubs for the disabled people registered at sports for all information center and 2,837 disabled people are participating in the clubs as of 2015. Among the clubs, 86 clubs are based in Gangwon-do, and 76 disabled people are participating in the clubs.
Source : Sports for All information Center, Korea Paralympic Committee (http://sports.koreanpc.kr/) “Sports NOWOW’ for the Expansion of Sports for All
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Sports for All Clubs for the Disabled (2015)
Age Group Sex Number Region of Clubs 10 20 30 40 Other Total Male Female Total
Source : Sports for All information Center, Korea Paralympic Committee (http://sports.koreanpc.kr/)
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□ So 12-1 Health and Safety Management
Overview
PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games has the duty to manage the health and security of the participants including but not limited to athletes and entourages. Neglecting such obligation may lead to the loss of regional brand image and even financial loss. Thus, inspection and monitoring of health and safety system during the preparation and the actual Games are essential. The current indicator measured the total task-related injuries, deaths and accidents subject to reporting process which are directly related to PyeongChang 2018 Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games including the construction, operation and maintenance of venue for PyeongChang 2018 Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games. Presentation Most of the facilities related to PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games are under construction and data related with practical indicators do not exist for now. Future reports will need to reflect the present conditions on the matter, and continuous collection and monitoring of related data is required. Analysis
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M Republic of Korea has been putting efforts to secure the health and safety of its citizens. However, when seeing recent safety issues and accidents, it is not easy to consider that the concerns over health and safety management has been increased from the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Security and safety measures78) for the smooth hosting of the event should be established at the pan-national level for the purpose of the safety of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and the Organizing Committee should clearly specify the roles of related institutions and prepare safety measure for each area of the event in advance by collaborating with Gangwon-do on matters related with safety. Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency has newly opened the Advisory Office for the Eastern Gangwon-do for the hosting of safe PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and the opening of the office is expected to heighten the efficiency of the prevention of accidents through close supports on the regional industrial sites79), and related organizations and institutions are have been contributing a lot to the operation of safe PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.80). Moreover, Gangwon-do has been promoting to vitalize the regional economy through the provision of tax benefits to the companies and financial supports to related departments at local universities, while promoting employment of the local inhabitants in regard to the security business (It was revealed that the expansion of human resources through education influences the growth of the regional economy81)), Furthermore, Gangwon-do has been considering the adoption of local police system to prepare for the increase in the demand on security within the Gangwon-do region after the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games while procuring police force required for the hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games82).
78) Research Institute for Gangwon (2012, 2018), The Role of Gangwon-do and the Safety countermeasure in the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games 79) http://news.moel.go.kr/newshome/mtnmain.php?sid=&stext=&mtnkey=articleview&mkey= scatelist&mkey2=33&aid=4513&bpage=105 80) http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2016022515583958077 81) Hanushek, Eric A. and Ludger Wӧβmann (2007), The role of education quality in economic growth, Worldbank, WPS4122 82) The Kangwon Domin Ilbo (http://www.kado.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=687959)
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□ So 12-2 Local Food
Overview
The most important topic related with health and safety is food. Here, “Local Food” refers to safe and healthy foodstuffs that maintain confidence in the process from the production from the region to the delivery to the consumer. “Local Food” has been created and measured as the new main target. Assessment of the system which enables the consumption of local agricultural products which secure both safety and eco-friendliness is the starting point for hosting healthy and safe PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and for the current indicator, the use of local foods during the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has been applied. Presentation
Although local food usage was omitted from the current study, it should be reflected in the future report on the progress of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Continuous collection and monitoring of related data are required. Analysis
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
Interest on local food has developed in relation with community activities including social enterprises and community enterprise, and the development has been enforced on the national level. Especially, Gangwon-do has rapidly approached the local food by running businesses related with social enterprise as a community project. Thus, it can be determined that the execution was from a point of view broader than the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Meanwhile, Gangwon-do Center for Social Economy has suggested to develop a Pyeongchang local food lunch package for the virtuous cycle of regional economy and sustainable PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games83). This will contribute to the establishment of a system for the vitalization of local food which may secure the safety and eco-friendliness during the Games. Focused development of local food community enterprise through planned production and systemization, scaling up through the partnerships between producers, and the sophistication of products were suggested84). Moreover, efforts were made for the creation of local food market. Gangwon environment-friendly food chain direct sales stores were opened, and development and vitalization of local food business linked with rural tourism were accomplished. Furthermore, a comprehensive plan for local food was established and the Commission for Promotion of Local Food was formed and operated for the development of the main agent for local food. Therefore, it is assumed that the obligations on the experience of food, beverage and culture with world-class characteristics for the realization of Best of Korea suggested in the bid-2 of the Bid File shall be fulfilled.
83) http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/economy_general/702821.html 84) Research Institute for Gangwon (2015), Activation Plan Gangwon-do’s Local Food Sector
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□ So 13-1 Inter-Korean Exchanges in Sociocultural Area
Country (Republic of Korea) Overview
Inter-Korean Exchanges refer to the exchanges that occurred in social and cultural sectors between the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (Non-economic sectors including but not limited to religion, education, sports and arts). Data was measured based on the visitors related with annual social and cultural exchanges carried out between the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
There were 31 social and cultural exchanges between the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and 382 visitors to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea as of 2014. It is assumed that the result derives from the Dresden Initiative (Dresden Initiative for Peaceful Unification on the Korean Peninsula)’ announced on March 2014 by president Geun-hye Park. South-North talks on social and cultural issues was hosted once in 2014, and the event was recommenced 5 years after the meetings ceased in 2008. South-North talks on social and cultural issues was the second-smallest in number following the talks on military issues, and it was revealed that the South-North talks on the political matters were hosted the most. Inter-Korean exchanges are influenced by international politics and diplomacy, but they are basically a matter mainly dependant on political and military relationship between the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. In general, the number of Inter-Korean exchanges increase when the political relationship between the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is friendly. On the other hand, the number of Inter-Korean exchanges decrease when their political relationship is hostile. Especially, Inter-Korean exchanges in social and cultural sectors have been highly influenced by such political relationship far more than economic cooperation. According to the statistical data on the Inter-Korean exchanges in the social and cultural sector, the data shows that the Inter-Korean exchanges have been showing decreasing tendency since 2010. This decreasing tendency is assumed to have been affected by the rise in the military tensions between the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea since 2010 from the armed provocations including but not limited to Attack against ROKS Cheonan(March 26th 2010)85) and the Bombardment of Yeonpyeong (November 23rd 2010)86), which were carried out by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea against the Republic of Korea. Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence M
Inter-Korean social and cultural exchanges have been operated in the national level. The recent conflicts with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea including the shutdown of Gaeseong Industrial Region87) exacerbated their relationship. Thus, projects that were promoted in the aspects of social and cultural exchanges including the Joint Project on the Excavation of Manwol Pavilion in Gaeseong were shut down88). However, an analysis suggests that the social and cultural exchanges have to be expanded and promoted among the citizens of the two countries, for a successful hosting and the operation of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games and the facilitation of education on the Korean unification.89) It is assumed that the suggestion will continue to exist in the national level besides the Host Cities.
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A Table on the Number of Inter-Korean Social and Cultural Exchanges and the Visitors to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea by Year
Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Number of Exchanges 323223105 31 Visitors to the Democratic People’s Republic of 267 204 197 81 103 382 Korea Source : Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
A Table on the South-North Talks by Year (Unit : Time(s)) Total (1971 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ~2014) Political----12 251
Military-11--1 49
Economic 4 3 - - 22 3 131
Humanitarian 2 4 - - 1 1 152 Social and -----1 55 Cultural Total 6 8 1 - 24 8 638
Source : Ministry of Unification (http://www.unikorea.go.kr/content.do?cmsid=3099)
85) Attack against ROKS Cheonan refers to the sinking of Pohang-class corvette Cheonan of the Republic of Korea Navy by the North Korean torpedo fired by a midget submarine of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea near the coast of Baengnyeong Island. The Republic of Korea’s government has formed a joint civil-military investigation group which will investigate and clarify the cause of the sinking, and the investigation group officially published that the cause of the sinking was from the North Korean torpedo. However, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea denied the charges. 86) Bombardment of Yeonpyeong refers to the artillery engagement between the North Korean military and South Korean forces stationed on Yeonpyeong island on November 23, 2010. The shelling took place on the Yeonpyeong island located at the Yeonpyeong-myeon, Ongjin-gun. 87) Kaesong Industrial Region is also referred to as KIR, and is the exclusive industrial zone inside the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. KIR is jointly supported by the capital from Republic of Korea and the labor force from Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. 88) http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2016/02/11/0200000000AKR20160211047100014. HTML?4d34e080 89) http://biz.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20151124001115
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□ So 13-2 Inter-Korean Trade
Country (Republic of Korea) Overview
Inter-Korean Trade refers to the economic cooperation between the economic sectors of the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and the data was measured based on the changes in the annual amount of Inter-Korean trade, total number of trade transactions, and items traded. Presentation
□ Refer to Tables overleaf Analysis
The amount of Inter-Korean Trade in 2014 has increased by 30% compared to 2007 and reached 544,743,000 USD. Meanwhile, the number of transactions has increased by 66% in 2014 compared to 2007 and reached 4,400 cases. However, the number of items traded has decreased by 16% in 2014 compared to 2007 reaching 135 items. The changes from 2007 to 2014 shows that the Inter-Korean trade has been vitalized. Furthermore, the main trade have shifted to high-value products. The Inter-Korean Trade also shrunk in 2011 following the Attack against ROKS Cheonan and the bombardment of Yeonpyeong. However, the Inter-Korean economic cooperation was conducted based on the principle of the separation of economic and politics. Unfortunately, the Inter-Korean trade shrunk after the shutdown of Gaeseong Industrial Region in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in 2013. It is expected that the size of Inter-Korean Trade would shrink further from the entire shutdown of operations inside the Gaeseong Industrial Region by the Republic of Korea’s government on February 10, 2016.
Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence M
Globally, social and economic perception toward the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has exacerbated due to nuclear experiments and other factors. Thus, it is difficult to determine the impacts from the hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. It was revealed that the Inter-Korean Trade will show a decreasing trend in general in accordance with worse Inter-Korean relationships in economic aspects. The damage of the South Korean companies from the shutdown of Gaeseong Industrial Region is expected to be about 815.2 billion KRW90), and the rating agency Moody’s has observed that the shutdown will be a negative influence to the Republic of Korea’s sovereign credit rating, as the incident will raise geopolitical risks in the Korean peninsula91). However, there exist opinions that Olympic spirit from the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games can be utilized as a method to improve Inter-Korean relationships92). Meanwhile, it was revealed that Gangwon-do will be promoting comprehensive support measures in the Do level93), and it is also estimated that there will be supports on the national level.
90) The Hankook Ilbo(https://www.hankookilbo.com/v/2ed9100c7d9341ffae2a28854620e691) 91) Yonhap News Agency(http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2016/02/15/0200000000AKR20160215077100008.HTML) 92) The Kangwon Domin Ilbo(http://www.kado.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=756522) 93) JTBC News(http://news.jtbc.joins.com/article/article.aspx?news_id=NB11176660)
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A Table on the Inter-Korean Trade and Commerce by Year
Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Amount of Inter-Korean Trade 1,679,082 1,912,249 1,713,855 1,971,105 1,135,846 2,342,639
Number of Inter-Korean 78,600 84,202 73,918 81,815 46,128 86,158 Trade Transactions
Items Traded 822 795 702 731 674 718 Source : Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
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□ So 14-1 Social Media
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
Social media refers to the internet services or internet sites where the general public produces and shares information and ideas. In this study, public opinion poll and Social Network Services (Hereinafter “SNS”) related with the Winter Olympics were selected as the indicator. Thus, this study has utilized the types of information and opinions on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games produced and shared by the general public on the social media service “Naver KnowledgeiN(http://kin.naver.com/index.nhn)”of the Republic of Korea’s top rank portal service provider Naver (www.naver.com) in the analysis. The data analyzed for the research are the outcomes extracted from searching the keyword, ‘PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games“, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 at the Naver KnowledgeiN service (As of March 18, 2014). Among 2,023 search results, a total of 246 questions were extracted for analysis, excluding the questions without direct relevance with the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. ◦ General Information on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games : Period, Sports, Athletes and Others ◦ Information on the Participation of the events of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games : Admission, Volunteer Service and Others ◦ Information on the Host City of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games : Information on the Attractions of the City, Transportation and Others ◦ Information on the Impacts of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games : Regional Development and Others ◦ Others ◦ Attitudes contained in the questions were classified into three categories including positive, negative and neutral. Here, positive attitude refers to the wishful attitude toward the successful hosting of the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympics and the opinions that the Games will contribute to the development of the region. Meanwhile, negative attitude refers to the skepticism toward the successful hosting of the Games and that it will hinder the development of the region. Lastly, Lastly, neutral attitude refers to just simple exchange of information on the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. The study has researched the public opinion polls that have high relevance, which were conducted during the period of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games (Including the bidding and planning stage of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games to the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games·Paralympic Winter Games and post-Olympic stages). The results include the organization in charge or the public opinion poll, date, questions, sample size, target area, results and main conclusion.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf
Analysis
The analysis on the demand for information on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games showed that the information on the Host Cities was asked for the most (58.9%), and the average views for these questions were higher than other fields (1,672). Information on the Host Cities were mostly about tourism and travelling, followed by general information on the Games including events and athletes. Meanwhile, questions on how to participate in the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games including the impact of hosting the
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Games and volunteering services were also taking place, although on a smaller proportion. Moreover, the analysis on the questions on the Host Cities of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games by city showed that questions on Gangwon-do were most frequent, followed by those on Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun. However, questions on Gangneung-si and Pyeongchang-gun had the largest average views compared to other cities, and it appears that the reason was high demand for information on tourism and travelling. Gangneung-si is known as a famous attraction site in the Republic of Korea, and it is difficult to assume that the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games has highly influenced the demand for information. However, in case of Pyeongchang-gun, it may be still assumed that the demand for the information on tourism and travelling have increased due to the Winter Games. On the other hand, it may be concluded that Jeongseon-gun has not been emphasized as a Host City of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Gangwon-do has tried three times for the hosting of PyeongChang Winter Olympics. The national and regional support on the hosting of PyeongChang Winter Olympics has been maintained until the finalization of the hosting of PyeongChang Winter Olympics in 2011 (in other words, negative opinions were unapparent). Thus, it is assumed that there was no need to conduct public opinion polls to frequently confirm the intent of the general public. Moreover, there was no separate public opinion poll targeting the Korean people on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. However, the Government Information Agency has conducted “A Public Opinion Poll on the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games (2010)” targeting the Korean people when Pyeongchang-gun was selected as the back-up host city in the days of promoting the hosting of PyeongChang Winter Olympics in 2010 (2003). More than 97% of the respondents of the survey supported the hosting of Winter Olympics, and more than half showed enthusiasm about the Games. It may be interpreted that a high level of national support on the hosting of Winter Olympics is a result of high public awareness on the success of 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan, along with the memory that the hosting of 1988 Summer Olympics has played a significant role in the economic development and advancement of international status of the Republic of Korea. Social network services run and managed by the PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games include four different services, and it was shown that Facebook and Twitter are most active compared to other services. On the other hand, the activities on Flickr have failed to attract public awareness. It is assumed that this results from the low awareness of Flickr in the Republic of Korea.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence H
The use of social media services is expected to increase through the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and there are regional efforts taking place mainly through initiation of the cultural citizen SNS supporters program for the successful hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympics94), a survey on the provincial residents' awareness on the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games by Gangneung-si95) and others. On the government level, the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning has announced that it will actively support the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games by establishing a TF (Task Force) to support the Games by utilizing information and communications technology96), so that the event may become a festival for introducing the excellence of the ROK’s state-of-the-art ICT technology. Furthermore, it appears that social media will spread on the national level in accordance with the spread of information technology of the Republic of Korea, creating a synergy effect.
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An Overview on the Survey Related to the Republic of Korea’s PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Main Agent of the Number of Number of Item Year Note Survey Sample(s) Question(s)
A Public Opinion Poll on the PyeongChang Government 2003 1,055 10 Questions 2018 Olympic Winter Games (2010) Information Agency
A Survey on Gangwon Provincial Resident’s Research Institute for 2009 2,000 1 Question Awareness (2009) Gangwon 2 Questions A Report on the Identity of the Inhabitants of The Kangwon Ilbo, 2013 2,000 (17 Detailed Gangwon-do (2013) High1 Resort Questions)
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「A Survey on Gangwon Provincial Resident’s Awareness of 2009 : Questions and Result 」 (Research Institute for Gangwon, 2009,『A Survey on Gangwon Provincial Resident’s Awareness of 2009』) Q) Do you think the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games will be helpful for the development of Gangwon-do? (Unit : %) - Not at all ( 2.3) - Not Really (10.0) - Neutral (13.5) - Somewhat (44.2) - Very much (30.0)
Questions and Results from「A Report on the Identity of the Inhabitants of Gangwon-do」 (The Kangwon Ilbo, 2013,『A Report on the Identity of the Inhabitants of Gangwon-do』) Q1) How much are you interested on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games? (Unit : %) ① Highly Interested (50.5) ② Neutral (38.3) ③ Not interested (11.2)
Q2) How do you think about the following questions on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games? Strongly Disagree / Questions Agree / Neutral Strongly Agree Disagree I feel proud as a citizen of Gangwon-do for Pyeongchang hosting the 1 62.6 31.7 5.7 Olympic Winter Games. After hosting the Olympic Games, my pride toward Gangwon-do will be 2 48.0 40.7 11.3 greater. After hosting the Olympic Games, the income of my neighborhood will become 3 34.6 40.7 24.7 greater.
4 After hosting the Olympics, the income of Gangwon-do will become higher. 32.2 46.4 21.4
5 The Olympic Games is an event with close relevance to our town. 24.9 36.4 38.7
6 The Olympic Games is an event of Gangwon-do, unrelated to our town. 43.9 28.0 28.1
7 The Olympic Games is a national event rather than an event of Gangwon-do. 80.2 14.2 5.6
The transport infrastructure of Gangwon-do will become much greater from the 8 58.6 33.0 8.4 Olympic Games. Hosting the Olympic Games would be an event to pull the cultural standards 9 40.9 43.0 16.1 of Gangwon-do to the level of advanced nations .
10 The Olympic Games would leave significant heritage to our town. 35.0 39.8 25.2
11 The Olympic Games would leave significant heritage to Gangwon-do. 55.6 35.2 9.2
Hosting the Olympic Games will heighten the domestic/foreign status of 12 59.3 33.9 6.8 Gangwon-do. Hosting the Olympic Games will heighten the international status of 13 58.8 34.5 6.7 Gangwon-do. The Olympic Games will leave much burden to Gangwon-do with the future 14 63.8 28.7 7.5 usage of the facilities. The Olympic Games will cause and exacerbate the conflict with the hosting 15 28.2 46.3 25.5 regions and other regions within the Do.
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Research on the Demand on the Informations Regarding PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
2013 Category Questions Average Inquiries (SD) General Informations on the Olympic 57(23.2) 1,597.82(3,443.949) Winter Games Participation in the Olympic Winter 12(4.9) 1,064.83(1,865.433) Demand on the Games Informations Regarding Informations on the Host Cities of the 145(58.9) 1,672.37(5,333.526) PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games Olympic Winter Games Impacts of the Olympic Winter Games 15(6.1) 531.00(689.720) Other 17(6.9) 699.12(1,129.857) Total 246(100.0) 1,488.61(4,452.904) Gangwon-do 70(28.5) 1,436.94(4,711.441) Pyeongchang 49(19.9) 2,092.45(7,029.627) Gangneung 13(5.3) 2,264.85(3,408.351) Jeongseon 7(2.8) 835.86(1,733.509) Demand on the Pyeongchang·Jeongseon 9(3.7) 721.78(1,151.951) Informations by Host Cities Jeongseon·Gangneung 1(0.4) 897 Pyeongchang·Gangneung 5(2.0) 229.20(233.341) Pyeongchang·Jeongseon·Gangneung 1.(0.4) 134 N/A 91(37.4) 1,308.95(2,865.261) Total 246(100.0) 1,488.61(4,452.904) Positive 32(13.0) 1,013.97(1,828.453) Negative 7(2.8) 239.71(201.791) Attitudes of Questions Neutral 207(84.1) 1,604.21(4,793.385) Total 246(100.0) 1,488.61(4,452.904) Source : The Kangwon Ilbo (2013), A Report on the Identity of the Inhabitants of Gangwon-do
Social Network Services of the Republic of Korea’s PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games
Social Network Service Interest Note Facebook 201,697 Like(s) - Twitter 201,949 Follower(s) 3,185 Tweet(s) YouTube 478,788 View(s) 3,081 Subscriber(s) Flickr 39 Follower(s) 2,198 Photo(s) Source : Website of PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games
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3. Economic Indicators
The Economic area consists of 10 topics, 27 core subjects, and 4 case studies, and the average degree of impact induced by the Olympic Winter Games was 58.0%. The topics which were affected the most by the Olympic Games was found to be tourism, price level, operating expenses and capital expenditure and catalytic effects, GDP, SOC construction and ripple effects.
On the overall, the average relevance of the area was 77.7%, based on the assessment through the three grades of H, M, and L, and PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games was analysed to pose general impact on the economic area. Among the economic indicators, employment, employment of persons with disabilities, wage, newly founded enterprises of the Host Cities, accommodation infrastructure, occupancy rate, tourists' dates of stay, tourist spendings, hosting of international events, real estate market, POCOG income structure, POCOG expenditure structure, total operating expenses, total capital expenditure, catalytic effect of the Olympic Games, percentage of public expenditure on total expenditure regarding Olympic activities, percentage of public expenditure related with the Olympic Games on total public budget, gross regional domestic product, extension of road and railway system, and ripple effects of SOC construction were the indicators with high relevance. On the contrary, wage payment on Olympic activities, creation of jobs, and unregistered personnel in Olympic background activities were turned out to not have much relevance with Olympic Games. That is, areas with high possibility of facility location hold more variability from Olympic Games.
The average rating of the area based on three grades of G, Y, R was 44.4%, indicating that the area was negatively influenced by the Olympic Winter Games. wage, occupancy rate, tourist's dates of stay, real estate market, POCOG income structure, catalytic effect of Olympic Games, percentage of public expenditure on total expenditure regarding the Olympic activities, percentage of public expenditure related with the Olympic Games on total public budget, gross regional domestic product, extension of road and railway, and ripple effects of SOC construction were found to be influenced positively from the Olympic Games, but wage payment on Olympic activities, creation of jobs, unregistered personnel in Olympic background activities, total operating expenses, total capital expenditure, and percentage of public expenditure related to Olympic activities were found to be negatively influenced by the Olympic Games.
The average confidence of the area based on three grades of H, M, and L, was 51.8%, indicating that the confidence of the data was above average. Among the indicators, employment, employment of persons with disabilities, consumer price index, hotel price index, real estate market, gross regional domestic product, ratios of high-tech knowledge industry and manufacturing, industrial structure change tendency, extension of road and railway system, and ripple effects of SOC construction were found to have high confidence level by utilizing national statistics and supporting materials. In contrast, confidence level on areas which are not contemporary or are intangible such as wage payment on Olympic activities, creation of jobs, unregistered personnel in Olympic background activities, and percentage of public expenditure related with the Olympic
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Games on total public budget was below average.
As mentioned above, result of the analysis showed that core subjects which secured both relevance to the Olympic Games and confidence were employment, employment of persons with disabilities, real estate market, POCOG income structure, POCOG expenditure structure, total capital expenditure, percentage of public expenditure related to Olympic activities, gross regional domestic product, extension of road and railway system, and ripple effects of SOC construction. These subjects were enabled through measures such as compliance with IOC's construction of environment-friendly apartments, accessibility of and agreements on persons with disabilities, and employment of various personnel who could represent the community, through which the Olympic Games was able to pose impact. On the contrary, the relevance and confidence was both low for the core subjects whose impact is not yet visible such as unregistered personnel in Olympic background activities.
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Impact Code Name of Indicator Rele Confi Bid File Rating vance dence Ec 01 Employment and Enterprises 01-1 – Employment H Y H 9, 10, 13 01-2 – Employment of Persons with Disabilities H Y H 10 01-3 – Wage H G M 01-4 – Newly Founded Enterprises of the Host Cities H Y M 01-5 – Economic Legacy M Y M Ec 02 Tourism 02-1 – Accommodation Infrastructure H Y M 14, 15 02-2 – Occupancy Rate H G M 02-3 – Tourists' Dates of Stay H G M 02-4 – Tourists Spendings H Y M 14 02-5 – Hosting of International Events H Y M Ec 03 Price Level 03-1 – Consumer Price Index M Y H 14 03-2 – Hotel Price Index M Y H 14 03-3 – Real Estate Market H G H Ec 04 POCOG Budget Structure 04-1 – POCOG Income Structure H G H 04-2 – POCOG Expenditure Structure H G H Ec 05 Operating Expenses, Capital Expenditure, and Catalytic Effect 05-1 – Total Operating Expenses H R M 05-2 – Total Capital Expenditure H R H 05-3 – Catalytic Effect of the Olympic Games H G M Ec 06 Percentage of Olympic-related Activities 06-1 – Percentage of Olympic-related Activities H R M Ec 07 Public Economy – Percentage of Public Expenditure on Total Expenditure 07-1 HGM 16 regarding Olympic Activities – Percentage of Public Expenditure related with the 07-2 HGH Olympic Games, on total Public Budget Ec 08 GDP 08-1 – Gross Regional Domestic Product H G H 08-2 – Ratios of High-tech Knowledge Industry and Manufacturing M Y H 08-3 – Industrial Structure Change Tendency M Y H 2, 17 Ec 09 Economic Impacts of Sustainability Initiative 09-1 – Economic Impacts of Sustainability Initiative M Y M Ec 10 SOC Construction and Ripple Effects 10-1 – Extension of Road and Railway System H G H 10-2 – Ripple Effects of SOC Construction H G H 2, 16, 17
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□ Ec 01-1 Employment Indicator
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do), Host City(Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun) Overview
Employment indicator was used to observe socioeconomic changes of Host City and region induced by the hosting of Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, and the impact of the Olympic Games through statistical comparison between the Host Cities, host region and the country. The "Economically Active Population Survey" was used as the data on employment indicator.(http://kostat.go.kr or http://kosis.kr)
◦ Economically Active Population : Population aged 15 and over, including employed and unemployed job-seeking population. Participation rate refers to the percentage of economically active population among total population aged 15 and over. × ≥ ◦ Employed Population : Population who has worked more than an hour during survey week for profit, unpaid family worker who has participated in the profitable work for farms or business owned by the member of the same household for more than 18 hours, temporarily inactive worker who is employed or owns business but has not worked due to temporary illness or accident, education or labor dispute ◦ Unemployed Population : Population who did not work for profit during survey week, but had actively sought for job openings for the past 4 weeks and is immediately employable once the job is open ◦ Not Economically Active Population : Population aged 15 and over who is neither employed nor unemployed ◦ Unemployment rate : The percentage of unemployed among economically active population × × ◦ Employment Rate : The percentage of employed among population aged 15 and over × ≥
Presentation
□ See tables and figures overleaf.
Analysis
The total population aged 15 and over as of 2015 are 43.017 million, and among those economically active are 26.913 million, and the participation rate is 62.6%. Since 2007 the participation rate maintained 60~62% level, and the economically active population, employed population and unemployed population showed increasing tendency every year. Observing the changes in the national employment indicator in comparison with 2007, the total population aged 15 and over, economically active population, and the employed population each increased by 3.847 million(10%), 2.687 million(11%), and 2.503 million(11%), respectively. The unemployed population increased from 783 thousand in 2007 to 976 thousand in 2015, which is 193 thousand more. The growth rate of unemployed population from 2007 to 2015 is 25%, which is noticeably higher compared to other indicators. The participation rate of male in 2015 decreased by 0.2%p
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while female participation rate increased 1.6%p, and the unemployment rate and employment rate increased by 0.4%p and 0.5%p, respectively. The participation rate Gangwon-do in 2015 was 59.4%, which is 3.2%p lower than national average. Male participation rate and female participation rate was 68.1% and 51.1%, respectively, which is 5.7%p and 0.7%p lower than national average. The employment rate of 2015 was 57.5%, which is also 2.8%p lower than the national level, and this indicates that Gangwon-do's economy is more rigid, in comparison with the national level From 2007 to 2015, the economically active population of Gangwon-do increased by 72,000(11%), and the employed population increased by 59,000(9%), which is similar to the national level. On the contrary, unemployed population increased from 2007's 13,000 to 25,000 in 2015, showing the growth rate of 92%, which is drastically high compared with the national level. Unemployment rate also increased by 1.5%p from 1.8% in 2007 to 3.3% in 2015, showing dramatic growth rate of 83%. The employment indicators of the Host Cities in 2015 show that the population aged 15 and over were 247.4 thousand, economically active population were 144.1 thousand, an employed population was 141 thousand, each accounting for 19% of Gangwon-do's employment indicators. The unemployed population was 3,100, which account for 12% of Gangwon-do's total unemployed population. The participation rate of the Host Cities was 63.0%, which is 3.6%p higher than Gangwon-do level, and 0.4%p higher than the national average. Male participation rate and female participation rate was also higher than Gangwon-do, with male and female rate 5.1%p and 1.6%p higher, respectively. The unemployment rate of the Host Cities was 1.5%, which is 2.1%p lower than the national level, and the employment rate was 62.0%, 1.7% higher than the national level. The unemployment rate of the Host Cities was 1.8%p lower than Gangwon-do average, and the employment was 4.5%p higher. The number of unemployed population increased by 1,000, from 2,100 in 2007 to approximately 3,100 in 2015, showing the growth rate of 48%. In contrast to the fact that the nation and Gangwon-do showed 10% increase in the number of population aged 15 and over, economically active population and the employed population, the Host Cities only showed 9,000(4%) increase in the population aged 15 and over, 4,000(3%) increase in the economically active population, and 3,000(2%) in the employed population, which is relatively low.
Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence H
In contrast to the rise in statistical economic indicators, consumption and investment both stagnated due to the internal and external uncertainties in the economic sensitivity of the businesses97). As a result, the youth unemployment of January 2016 reached 9.5%, which is the highest in the last 16 years98). On the contrary, the employment environment of the Host Cities is expected to improve from the hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Especially, the increased demand for the region's human resource through the revival of construction businesses will lead to the growth of creation of jobs and general industrial economy.
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□ Ec 01-2 Employment of Persons with Disabilities
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview For materials related to employment of the disabled, we used Survey on Employment of the Disabled(annual) from Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled and Status of Disability Registration from Ministry of Health and Welfare ◦ Registered Disabled Persons: In accordance to Welfare of Disabled Persons Act enacted in 1989, it refers to the person with disabilities who registered on the local governmental office ◦ Ratio of Persons with Disabilities : Ratio of registered persons with disabilities to total population ◦ Participation Rate of Persons with Disabilities : Ratio of economically active population of persons with disabilities to 15-year-old or older population of registered persons with disabilities ◦ Unemployment Rate of Persons with Disabilities : Ratio of unemployed persons actively seeking for jobs with will to work to economically active population of persons with disabilities ◦ Employment Rate of Persons with Disabilities : Ratio of employed population of persons with disabilities to 15-year-old or older population of registered persons with disabilities Presentation □ See Tables overleaf. Analysis In 2014, there were approximately 2,449,000 persons with disabilities in the Republic of Korea, which is 4.8% of the total population, and approximately 40% of persons with disabilities were economically active. Unemployment of persons with disabilities was 6.6%, which was higher than the unemployment rate of persons without disabilities in the same year, and employment rate of persons with disabilities was 37%, which is significantly lower than 60.3%, the employment rate of persons without disabilities in the same year. The number of registered persons with disabilities in Gangwon-do was 99,000, which is 6.4% of provincial population, in 2014, and 40.3% of those persons were economically active. In 2014, unemployment rate of persons with disabilities in Gangwon-do was 3.1%, which is lower than the nationwide unemployment rate of persons with disabilities, and employment rate of persons with disabilities in Gangwon-do in the same year was 39.1%, which is also significantly lower than nationwide employment rate of persons with disabilities. Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence H Since female employment rate of persons with disabilities in Republic of Korea is only 19.8%, which is significantly lower than employment rate of persons with disabilities, and female unemployment rate of persons with disabilities is showing high level of 9.3%, improvement in employment environment of female persons with disabilities is needed99). In The Present Position and Problems of the Female Persons with Disabilities in the Labor Market by Korea Women's Development Institute(2015), the source of and solution for the problems were explored within specifying emphasis on persons with severe disabilities and female persons with disabilities in ‘Employment Promotion and Vocational Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons Act’, but there is no specific enforcement decree or enforcement regulation regarding the aspect. Therefore, establishment of more comprehensive and fundamental measure, basic needs of female employment such as ban of sexual discrimination, work-life balance, maternity protection, and prevention of sexual harrassment, and vocational education for persons with disabilities and formation of workplace culture where the employed persons with disabilities could achieve proactive career by the company were suggested as needed aspects. In overall aspects, it seems that the employment of persons with disabilities and creation of jobs in businesses related to persons with disabilities would temporarily increase100), but governmental measure would be needed for sustainable increase. In addition, it seems that constant efforts for compliance with employment of persons with disabilities suggested in the Bid File(bid-10) would be made.
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Republic of Korea’s Employment Indicators of Persons with Disabilities
Division 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total Population(Unit: 1,000 People) 49,773 50,516 50,734 50,948 51,345 51,328 Registered Disabled Persons(Unit: 1,000 2,430 2,517 2,519 2,511 2,563 2,449 People) Ratio of Persons with Disabilities to Total 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.8 Population(%) Economic Activity Participation Rate of NA 38.5 NA NA 38.3 39.6 Persons with Disabilities(%) Unemployment Rate of Persons with NA 6.6 NA NA 5.9 6.6 Disabilities(%) Employment Rate of Persons with NA 36 NA NA 36 37 Disabilities(%) Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
Employment Indicator of Persons with Disabilities in Gangwon-do
Division 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total Population(Unit: 1,000 People) 1,526 1,544 1,550 1,552 1,542 1,544 Registered Disabled Persons(Unit: 1,000 97 101 101 100 100 99 People) Ratio of Persons with Disabilities to Total 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.4 Population(%) Economic Activity Participation Rate of NA NA NA NA 39.2 40.3 Persons with Disabilities(%) Unemployment Rate of Persons with NA NA NA NA 3.6 3.1 Disabilities(%) Employment Rate of Persons with NA NA NA NA 37.7 39.1 Disabilities(%) Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
Employment Indicator of Persons with Disabilities in Host City
Division 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total Population(Unit: 1,000 People) 304 305 304 303 300 299 Registered Disabled Persons(Unit: 1,000 19 20 20 20 20 20 People) Ratio of Persons with Disabilities to Total 6.3 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.7 Population(%) Economic Activity Participation Rate of NA NA NA NA NA NA Persons with Disabilities(%) Unemployment Rate of Persons with NA NA NA NA NA NA Disabilities(%) Employment Rate of Persons with NA NA NA NA NA NA Disabilities(%) Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
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□ Ec 01-3 Wage
Country(Republic of Korea) Overview
Average wage per an hour is calculated by dividing the total paid wage per an hour by total number of workers per an hour. Average wage per an hour coefficient refers to the male average wage per an hour/female average wage per an hour. Survey on Labor Conditions by Employment Type by the Ministry of Employment and Labor was utilized in the analysis. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf. Analysis
In 2014, average wage per hour was 14,687 KRW, with male average wage per hour being 16,754 KRW, and female average wage per hour being 11,339 KRW. Difference between male average wage per hour and female average wage per hour was approximately 5,400 KRW, which is 37% of average wage per hour. The discrepancy between the male and female average wage increased by 1,090 KRW(25%) from the 2009 statistics of 4,325 KRW. Although it was found that the difference between male average wage per hour and female average wage per hour has been constantly increasing, this difference is being relieved, since female wage growth rate is higher than that of male.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
It was found that the difference between male average wage per hour and female average wage per hour in Republic of Korea is larger in the older age groups101), and is the highest among OECD member states102). Although creation of jobs and wage from the increase employment rate are expected, following income disparity would constantly grow. Therefore, issues regarding the wage could be closely related to not only the hosting of the Olympic Games, but also could be affected by other aspects103). Meanwhile, after the host of Olympic Games, measures to mitigate the wage disparity by addressing differences between employment structure for male workers and female workers, and corporate wage management system are needed104). And it is expected that, through the host of Olympic Games, consideration on policy plans for not just wage change but solution of more fundamental problems, such as 1) improvement of wage management system and correction of wage discrimination, 2) establishment of fair and transparent performance evaluation system, and 3) improvement of employment management system and female employment structure would be enabled.
101) http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/aa3ece6b9fc04cd4bf74ebd14bf93103 102) http://www.huffingtonpost.kr/2016/01/18/story_n_9006402.html 103) Hiller, Harry H. (2000), Mega-events, Urban Boosterism and Growth Strategies: An Analysis of the Objectives and Legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic Bid, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(2) : 449-458 104) Korea Women's Development Institute(2012), Survey on Gender Wage and Suggestions for Policy Improvement
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National Average Wage
Division 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average Wage per Hour(KRW) 10,591 11,155 11,916 13,145 14,075 14,587 Male Average Wage per Hour(KRW) 12,216 12,880 13,661 14,968 16,071 16,754 Female Average Wage per Hour(KRW) 7,891 8,370 9,096 10,245 10,968 11,339 Male Average Wage per Hour/Female 1.55 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.47 1.48 Average Wage per Hour Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
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□ Ec 01-4 Newly Founded Enterprises of the Host Cities
Region(Gangwon-do), Host Cities(Pyeongchang-gun, Gangneung-si, Jeongseon-gun) Overview Although the number of newly founded enterprises categorized in accordance to International Standard Industry Classification should be used in the analysis, since the only available official statistics is the number of enterprises by industries, we provided the statistics regarding total number of enterprises by industries in Host Cities and Olympic venues. Presentation □ See Tables overleaf. Analysis In 2014, there were 133,314 enterprises in total in Gangwon-do according to the number of enterprises by industries in Gangwon-do. There were 36,287 enterprises pursuing in accommodation and food service activities, accounting for the biggest percentage of 27%. Following were wholesale and retail sale, with 32,466 enterprises(24%), and Membership organizations, repair and other personal services with 15,135 enterprises(11%). In contrast, the least was electricity, gas, steam, and water supply holding 146 enterprises(0.1%), and the following were mining and quarrying with 166 enterprises(0.1%), and agriculture, forestry, and fishing with 266 enterprises(0.2%). Compared to 2009, the number of enterprises in Gangwon-do in 2014 increased by 15,745, which is 13%, and the industry with the biggest increase was agriculture, forestry, and fishing, which has shown 83% increase from 145 enterprises to 266 enterprises. The following was business facilities management and business support services which has shown 70% increase from 876 enterprises to 1,488 enterprises. Most of industries have shown increase in the number of enterprises, but public administration and defence; Compulsory Social Security, and social security has decreased by 9 enterprises from 808 enterprises to 799 enterprises. In 2013, there were total number of 27,713 enterprises in the Host Cities, accounting for 21.4% of the total number of enterprises in Gangwon-do. The type of enterprise accounting for the biggest proportion was accommodation and food service activities, with 8,230 enterprises(29.7%), and the following were wholesale and retail sale with 6,712 enterprises(24.2%), Membership organizations, repair and other personal services with 3,125 enterprises(11.3%). Meanwhile, like Gangwon-do, electricity, gas, steam, and water supply was the industry with the smallest number of enterprises in the Host Cities, with 21 enterprises, and the following were mining and quarrying, and sewage and waste treatment, material recovery, and restoration activities of environment. Compared to 2009, the number of enterprises in the Host Cities in 2013 increased by 1,336, which is 5% of the total number. Among industries, agriculture, forestry, and fishery has shown the most significant change of 57.1% growth rate with increase of 24 enterprises, from 42 to 66. The following was business facilities management and business support services, which has shown 20% increase from 260 to 312 . However, while the only type of enterprise which has experienced decrease during the same period in Gangwon-do was Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security, the number of mining and quarrying enterprises of the Host Cities have decreased by 13.6% from 44 to 38, along with financial service and insurance activities enterprises which decreased by 2.1%. Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence M Among newly founded enterprises in Gangwon-do, a report indicates that the number of service industries closely related to daily life increased while the number of sports and entertainment industries105). However, since Gangwon Comprehensive Tourism Database was newly established for the improvement of the joint utilization between the institutes and as the basis for the provision of ICT Olympic Service is prepared, it is expected that the businesses based on the tourism contents within Gangwon-do would be vitalized106). In addition, it is expected that new enterprises would be animatedly founded and new foundation of new enterprises and businesses would be service industry centered as efforts for the development of and support on Olympic background businesses are made.
Business facilities management and business 876 961 1,107 1,263 1,397 1,488 support services Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory 808 815 810 805 807 799 Social Security
Education 5,400 5,526 5,530 5,623 5,770 5,763
Human health and social work activities 3,013 3,304 3,467 3,801 3,994 4,191
Arts, sports and recreation related services 3,597 3,632 3,690 3,840 3,956 4,056
Membership organizations, repair and other personal 13,762 13,928 14,139 14,760 15,025 15,135 services
Total 117,569 118,266 121,273 125,192 129,403 133,314
Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
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The Number of Enterprises by Industrial Classification in the Host Cities
Category 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 42 4 6 52 66
Mining and quarrying 44 37 38 30 38
Manufacturing 1,377 1,334 1,327 1,305 1,460
Electricity, Gas, Steam, and Water Supply1826242621
Sewage and waste treatment, material recovery, 57 59 56 56 64 and restoration activities of environment
Construction 947 895 866 877 1,111
Wholesale and retail sale 6,409 6,288 6,096 6,127 6,712
Transportation 1,926 1,979 1,862 1,869 1,946
Accommodation and food service activities 7,877 7,714 7,739 7,701 8,230
Publishing, video, broadcast communications and 133 130 116 120 140 information services
Financial service and insurance activities 380 373 388 361 372
Real estate activities and renting and leasing 681 658 650 646 729
Professional, scientific and technical activities 430 380 370 370 469
Business facilities management and business 260 235 203 202 312 support services Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory 154 158 155 157 156 Social Security
Education 1,209 1,191 1,145 1,097 1,250
Human health and social work activities 681 654 589 586 746
Arts, sports and recreation related services 740 742 741 746 767
Membership organizations, repair and other 3,013 2,915 2,828 2,756 3,125 personal services
Total 26,378 25,814 25,245 25,078 27,714
Source : Korean Statistical Information Service(KOSIS, http://kosis.kr)
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□ Ec 01-5 Economic Legacy
Overview
The economic legacy of the Olympic Games is assessed through utilization of data on the number of human resource in the region who acquired certifications related to Olympic activities, the number of persons who acquired certificates through programs for enhancement of performance or knowledge, and the number of programs. Also, the total number of newly developed technologies and innovations structured or actualized directly by the Olympic Games was also used as an indicator.
Presentation
No available official data as of now.
Analysis
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence M
Hyundai Research Institute suggested 4 measures to enable the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games to become "successful economic Olympic Games"107), and those 4 suggestions are 1) suppression of event preparation expenditure(strict accounting control by central and local governments), 2) minimization of investment of fixed facilities, 3) improvement of ex post availability of facilities, and 4) maximization of tourists inflow. Meanwhile, PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games Social Economic Legacy Creation Conference was founded in Gangwon-do108). In Jeongseon-gun, designation of tangible and intangible Olympic Winter Games assets as legacy is under process109). For that, 5 goals of 1) city brand of culture and art based on Jeongseon Arirang, 2) enhancement of green recreation industry based on resorts, 3) invigoration of norther region through development of Jungbong districts, 4) visible outcome for the globalization of Jeongseon style, and 5) innovative change in people and system operation are established.
107) Hyundai Research Institute(2014) Success Condition of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games 108) http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/sports/2014/04/03/1007000000AKR20140403059800062.HTML 109) http://www.jeonmae.co.kr/news/view.html?section=103&category=117&no=85109
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□ Ec 01-6 Case Study : Foundation of Social Enterprises
〈Case 1 : Discovery of Ideal Merchandise and Establishment of Distribution Platform〉
Gangwon-do and Gangwon Social Economy Portal is initiating various businesses to discover and foster ideal merchandise for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games and find market opening. Also, the Product Development Committee was constituted to select 40 ideal merchandise for the Olympic Games, conduct diagnostic consultation on all merchandise, and design wrappings and support production of 7 selected merchandise among 40 ideal merchandise. Once the merchandise is deemed ideal for social economy, the merchandise can be sold at Gangwon Gotgan offline and online malls(gangwongotgan.com), and can participate in other various special offline sales and social commerce-type sales on the on-line mall.
In 2002, the International Olympic Committee adopted the concept of 'Olympic Legacy' in order for the Host City to accomplish sustainable development on both economic and social aspects, and set definite standards on the Olympic Charter for all Host Cities to create positive legacy. A representative case of positive Olympic legacy for regional development was in 2012 when the British government and the Organizing Committee implemented policies to foster and support social enterprises. With the keynote of creating job openings and reinvest to regional economy by providing new business opportunities, the objective of fostering 200 enterprises to create more than 1,000 job openings by 2015 was set. And to do so cooperation with intermediate support organization was sought for the social enterprises to establish linkage with bigger companies such as BP, Coca Cola and Deloitte, in order for the Games to not be monopolized by conglomerates. And through such measures London 2012 Olympic Games was considered successful by bequeathing the Olympic Legacy of vitalizing social economy in the region.
And so, continuous efforts to actualize "Regional Economic Olympic", "Job Olympic", or "Livelihood Olympic" which is linked with income creation of residents are needed, and "the participation of regional grassroots organizations" is mandatory for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games to lead to endogenous vitalization of economy. Practical means to enable such are the foundation of social enterprises, village enterprises and co-operatives.
Number of Enterprises in Social Economy, Gangwon-do
Category Number of enterprises Certified 86 Social Enterprise Preliminary 75 Village Enterprise 100 Co-operative 426 Self-support Enterprise 86 Total 773 Source : Gangwon-do Social Economy Portal(http://www.gwcs.or.kr/)
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On-line Shopping Mall for Outstanding Merchandise on Social Economy
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List of Selected Merchandise for PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
Launched in Region Selected Enterprise Selected Merchandise Gangwon Gotgan Chamdakgalbi Co-operative Chamdakgalbi ○ The New Heroes Co. Ltd. Cornsox ○ Chuncheon Korean Association of Persons with Disabilities, Chuncheon-si Ban-B(Copy Paper) (5) Worksite Beetle Echo Co-operative Blending Candle Gangwon Handicraft Cooperative Handicraft ○ Herbstory Handmade Herb Tea ○ Wonju Hwangdoon-Songgye Information Village Hwangdoon steamed bun (4) Heemang Cafe Social Co-operative Healing⋅Mineral Water Coffee Seogok Eco Village Corporation Ceramic Art ○ Makajoeun Co. Ltd. Fair trade coffee bags ○ Gangneung Gangneung Blueberry Distribution Co-operative Blueberry vinegar (3) Esuldang Hangwa Co-operative Hangwa gift set ○ Donghae Baridream Co. Ltd Organic soy milk ○ (2) Ga-on Co-operative Natural dye products ○ Taebaek Gwangsan Senior Co. Ltd. Extract (2) Altaebaek Co-operative Lavender gift set Sokcho Edendongsan Agricultural Co-operative Cabbage kimchi (2) Seorak Provence Baekkot Village Agriculture Co. Ltd. Seolsoju⋅Makgeoli ○ Samcheok Bokdongari Agricultural Co-operative Sorghum tea⋅syrup ○ Hongcheon Myeongpoom Hangwa Agricultural Co-operative Hangwa gift set ○ Hongcheon Hongcheon Regional Self-support Centre Hongcheon Hongcheon Steamed rice bun ○ (3) Steamed Rice Bun Hamitomi Agricultural Co-operative Soy sauce⋅ doenjang set ○ Haetsalnanum Ltd. Popped rice snack Hoengseong(2) Oheumsan Camp Agricultural Co-operative Fermented wil grass shampoo set ○ Yeongwol Yeongwol Food Co-operative Thistle⋅Kimchi Pancake (2) Oegatjipmadang Agricultural Co-operative Mountain bamboo⋅mulberry tea Jeong Minseo Agricultural Co. Ltd. Dried pollack kimchi ○ Gyebangsan Amaranth Agricultural Co-operative Amaranth tea ○ Pyeongchang Pyeongchang Farm Agricultural Co-operative Dried vegetable set ○ (5) Sudong Agricultural Co-operative Hemp fabric products Daegwallyeong Angaejani Agricultural Co-operative Natuaral soap ○ Baekdoodaegan Yakchonara Agricultural Co-operative White bellflower extract Jeongseon Jeongseon Blueberry Co-operative Jam set ○ (4) Sangsang Chocolate Co-operative Gomchwi Macaron Gowon Nongsan Agricultural Co-operative Bibineunyiyagi Thistle ○ Hwacheon Doore 38 Yibuk Agricultural Co-operative Rice, Wild vegetable ○ Inje Hachu-ri Agricultural Co-operative Multi-grain set ○ Haemalgeun Hwajinpo Agricultural Co-operative Sea mustard⋅kelp set ○ Goseong Cheongchool-eorang Dried Squid ○ (3) Environment-friendly Distribution Enterprise (Goseong EM detergent⋅toiletries ○ Self-Support) Total 40 Source : Sustainable Olympic Games with Social Economy(Pyeongchang Olympic Winter Games Regional Employment Strategy Development Forum, 2015 .12)
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□ Ec 02-1 Accommodation Infrastructure
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
Regarding the status of tourist accommodation business, Status of Nationwide Tourist Accommodation by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism was used as the main data, and survey result of Korea Tourism Organization was used as the supplementary data. ◦ Accommodation Facility : Refers to facilities suitable for the accommodation of tourists to provide tourists with such facilities, or operating facilities for meals, sports, recreation, relaxation, performances, or training programs to provide tourists with such facilities along with accommodation(as stated under the Tourism Promotion Act), and specifically refers to tourist hotels, Korean traditional hotels, family hotels, resort condominiums, and hostels. Presentation □ See Tables overleaf. Analysis In 2014, the total number of tourist accommodation establishment was 1,293, with 146,511 rooms. By types, tourist hotel accounted for 65% of the total with 837 businesses, and resort condominium accounted 16% by 201. By the number of rooms, tourist hotel accounted for 63% with 92,150 rooms, and resort condominium accounted for 29% with 41,756 rooms. Regarding the change from 2009 to 2014, the number of business increased by 4555, and the number of rooms increased by 38,057, showing the increase rates of 35.2% and 26%, respectively. In 2014, the number of tourist accommodation business in Gangwon-do was 120 and the number of room was 24,868, which are 9.3% and 17% of corresponding national statistics, respectively. Among those, there were 43 tourist hotels with 5,057 rooms, accounting for 35.8% and 20.3% of respective corresponding national statistics, indicating that the proportion of tourist hotel in Gangwon-do is not very large, in contrast to the national trend. On the contrary, resort condominium accounted the largest proportion in 2014, with 65 businesses(54.2%) and 19,025 rooms(76.5%). In 2014, the type of accommodation facilities which showed the largest change compared to 2009 was the family hotel, from 6 businesses and 459 rooms in 2009 to 10 businesses and 741 rooms in 2014, showing 67% and 61% increase rate, respectively. Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence M Accommodation infrastructure is expected to possess direct association with host of Olympic Games. Accommodation infrastructure in Gangwon-do has been constantly increasing, and it seems to be caused by the intrinsic regional characteristic of Gangwon-do where the tourism industry is well-developed. However, although there is no problem with separate spaces for official staff members such as athletes and officers currently, there could be quality and quantity problems with accommodation facilities for general visitors. Therefore, if the competitiveness of tourism system in Gangwon-do to prepare for PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games is not secured immediately, there is a possibility where other regions than Gangwon-do receive the benefits of Olympic Winter Games110). Therefore, in order to construct the facilities that satisfy Vision, Games Concept and Strategy to host the Games(bid-14, 15), not only efforts of public sectors but the efforts of private sector would be needed. It is expected that the host of Olympic Games would affect the decision making of private sectors, and construction of private would have high availability even after the host of Olympic Games.
110) Research Institute for Gangwon(2011), Comprehensive Development Strategy for Gangwon-do in Respect to 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games
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Number of Tourist Accommodation Establishments
Tourist Hotel Resort Special Tour Family Tradition Division Special 2nd 3rd Un Hostel Condominiu Total 2nd 1st Class Floatel Hotel al Hotel 1st Class Class Class decided m Class 61 78 172 120 75 115 52 1 164 838 2009 - - (21,785) (13,983) (14,282) (6,080) (4,007) (7,034) (5,978) (26) (35,279) (108,454)
88 103 207 124 126 189 103 5 145 201 1,293 2014 - (29,909) (17,559) (18,103) (7,033) (7,082) (12,464) (9,320) (139) (3,097) (41,756) (146,511) Note : Undecided establishments refer to the new establishments or establishments whose grades are expired, and the evaluation is not completed as of now. ( ) refers to the number of rooms. Source : Nationwide Tourist Accommodation Facility Registration(Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, 2009~2014)
Number of Tourist Accommodation Business in Gangwon-do
Tourist Hotel Resort Special Tour Family Tradition Division Special 2nd 3rd Un Hostel Condominiu Total 2nd 1st Class Floatel Hotel al Hotel 1st Class Class Class decided m Class 4 8 10 5 1 7 6 55 96 2009 - -- (957) (1,278) (659) (2,234) (34) (820) (459) (17,378) (21,819)
6 8 14 4 1 10 10 1 65 120 2014 - - (1,632) (1,398) (933) (199) (34) (861) (741) (21) (19,025) (24,868) Note : Undecided establishments refer to the new establishments or establishments whose grades are expired, and the evaluation is not completed as of now. ( ) refers to the number of rooms. Source : Nationwide Tourist Accommodation Facility Registration(Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, 2009~2014)
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□ Ec 02-2 Occupancy Rate
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
The number of visitors to accommodation facilities and the usage rate of the accommodation facilities was used to represent occupancy rate indicator. Statistics on the number of visitors to accommodation facilities was used in order to explore the tendency in the number of hotel guests in Gangwon-do and nationwide hotels. The number of guests was based on the people who checked in, and annual guest number was calculated based on the annual number of people who stayed at the facilities.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf.
Analysis
Regarding the data on hotel guests, a survey conducted on 30 establishments in 2013 shows that the number of guests in Gangwon-do was 1,495,186, accounting for 7.2% of total statistics of the nation. Compared to 2009, the number of hotel guests increased by 165,190(12%) in 2013, but the proportion of Gangwon-do's guests in the national statistics increased only 0.2%p. The national usage rate of accommodations in 2013 was 62.9%, while that of Gangwon-do was 45%. More than half of the rooms in Gangwon-do were vacant, which is worse than the national level, but improvements are made, as the usage rate has been increased since 2009, although by a small margin. The number of foreign guests and the domestic guests were similar(ratio: 0.74), but for Gangwon-do, the number of foreigner guests were much less than that of domestic guests(ratio: 0.28), indicating that the majority of guests of Gangwon-do is comprised of domestic guests.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
As the number of domestic and foreign visitors to Pyeongchang·Gangneung·Jeongseon is expected to constantly increase before, during and after the event, it is presumed that the occupancy rate would rise111). Total domestic visitors to Gangwon-do in 2011 was 99,940,000, and additional 2 million visitors to Pyeongchang are expected during the Olympic Games. Therefore, in 2018, 13,670,000 domestic visitors are expected. The total number of foreign visitors in 2011 were 1,548,000, and as additional 390,000 visitors are expected from Olympic Winter Games, approximately 2,601,000 foreign visitors are expected in 2018.
111) Research Institute for Gangwon(2011), Comprehensive Development Strategy for Gangwon-do in Respect to 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games
308 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
309 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Ec 02-3 Tourists' Dates of Stay
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
Tourists' dates of stay was used as an indicator through research on the average dates of stay domestic guests and foreign guests. Tourists' dates of stay refers to dates the guests stayed in the accommodation facility for stay in the corresponding region.
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf. Analysis
In 2013, tourists' average dates of stay in Gangwon-do were 1.36 days, which is shorter than the national average of 1.58 days. This is because the average dates of stay of foreign tourists is 1.28 days, which is lower than the national average of 1.75 days, despite average domestic tourists' dates of stay being higher than the national level of 1.37 days with 1.45 days. This indicates that Gangwon-do is the region where domestic tourists visit more than foreign tourists. It was found that both domestic guests and foreigner guest have shown decrease in average dates of stay compared to 2009. While domestic tourist's dates of stay decreased by 14% and 18% in Gangwon-do and nationwide level, respectively, foreigner tourists' dates of stay decreased by 41% and 35% in Gangwon-do and nationwide level, respectively.
Impact Relevance H Rating G Confidence M
The accessibility to Gangwon-do is expected to be enhanced through railway construction of Gangwon Northern Line(Chuncheon~Sokcho) and Joongbu Line(Wonju~Gangneung), and expansion of expressways and national highways, and tourists' dates of stay is expected to be increased through Stay Tourism·leisure businesses112). Also, due to the increase in population inflow into Gangwon-do and the number of tourists through the host of Olympic Games, the average dates of stay is expected to increase. Meanwhile, in highlands economy and amenities industry, establishment of healthy local society is expected through fostering senior-friendly industry in connection with Gangwon-do's strategic industry. Above all, it is expected that Gangwon-do's image of border area and remote area is drastically improved so that positive impacts such as inflow of senior population, attraction and fostering of corporations, occur in various fields including society and economy.113)
112) Research Institute for Gangwon(2011), Comprehensive Development Strategy for Gangwon-do in Respect to 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games 113) Research Institute for Gangwon(2011), Comprehensive Development Strategy for Gangwon-do in Respect to 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games
310 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
311 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Ec 02-4 Tourist Spendings
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
Since statistics through which the expenditures of visitors in the region could be specified by categories do not exist, the average daily rate(ADR, room revenue÷rooms sold), which is an officially available statistics was used to calculate and utilize the tourists' spendings of accommodation, that is, the room revenue of hotels. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf. Analysis
The national hotel room revenue in 2013 was 1.9 trillion KRW, and the revenue of the hotels in Gangwon-do was 72 billion KRW, which accounts for approximately 3.6% of the national revenue. Gangwon-do's hotel room revenue increased by 24% compared to 2009. Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence M
Currently, Gangwon-do's tourism is facing a great challenge of stagnant growth, compared to other cities and provinces, but there are sufficient chances for Gangwon-do to take off once again as a leading province in tourism through PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games114). In 2010, among the 91,700,000 visitors of Gangwon-do, foreigner visitors were only 1,400,000, accounting for only 1.5%. However, it is expected that foreigner visitors would rapidly increase in number due to the hosting of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games. Also, although tourist spendings on accommodation accounts for a great proportion in Gangwon-do, tourists who shops are less than the half of total tourists(39.6% in 2009). However, as the spendings on tourism with shopping is expected to increase greatly due to the host of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games, the maximization of the ripple effect in the region is forecasted. Also, basis for stable development of tourism was prepared through normalization of resort business115).
Hotel Room Revenue (Unit : 1,000 KRW) Division Gangwon-do Nationwide
114) Research Institute for Gangwon(2011), Comprehensive Development Strategy for Gangwon-do in Respect to 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games 115) Bank of Korea Gangneung Headquarter(2011), Tasks of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games Explored through Overseas Cases, Local Economy Focus(2011-issue 8)
312 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Ec 02-5 Hosting of International Events
Country (Republic of Korea), Region (Gangwon-do) Overview
UIA(Union of International Association)’s data are commonly used in international settings. However, the indicator has referenced the international conferences of Korea Tourism Organization which enables us to compare and contrast the national data with the data of Gangwon-do. Here, International conference refers to a conference holding more than 10 individual participants from foreign countries among the conferences hosted by an international organization or local organization that is a member of an international organization. These conferences are for the exchange of ideas, discussions, exchange of information and development of social network. On the other hand, the indicator has excluded the data after 2012 as they do not contain regional details. Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf Analysis
The number of international conferences and the total number of participants are increasing every year. However, the number of international conferences hosted in Gangwon-do consists only about 0.75% (10 conferences) of the total number of international conferences hosted in the Republic of Korea as of 2011. Among the fields of interest, medical science and science and technology were the topics for which conferences were hosted most frequently in Gangwon-do. Meanwhile, conferences on medical science, science and technology and business were the most frequently hosted in the Republic of Korea, in the order mentioned above. Conventions on tourism and transport were frequently hosted in Gangwon-do in 2009 and 2011. However, they declined in frequency in 2012 and 2013.
Impact Relevance H Rating Y Confidence M
In the past, international conventions within the border of Gangwon-do were mostly about tourism, social science, medical science and information communications. Among the areas mentioned above, medical science-related international conventions were hosted continuously in Gangwon-do. On the other hand, the number of sports events and competitions are increasing in the Republic of Korea as it gains public awareness as a nation strong in sports from hosting PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Thus, sports-related MICE industry is growing in the Republic of Korea. Also, the growth of tourism, entertainment and sports-related service industries has accelerated as leisure and sports industry in the Republic of Korea has gathered momentum through PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter games. Therefore, efforts to create added value in the industry is expected to be actively carried out 116). The level of awareness of Gangwon-do has increased. These efforts have additionally contributed to facilitating international conventions on science and technology, business, culture, arts, construction and environment in Gangwon-do.
116) Research Institute for Gangwon(2011), Comprehensive Development Strategy for Gangwon-do in Accordance With The Hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games
313 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
Number of International Events and Number of Participants by Year
Number of International Events Total Number of Participants Year Gangwon-do ROK Gangwon-do ROK 2009 6 704 2,990 640,290 2010 5 1,070 3,200 725,251 2011 10 1,330 2,320 786,202 2012 - 2,593 - 1,368,627 2013 - 2,874 - 1,462,025 Source : Statistical Report on MICE Industry (Korea Tourism Organization, 2009-2013)
314 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Ec 02-6 Case Study: A Case on the Tourism Organization’s Promotion Activities
〈Case: K-Smile Campaign〉
Under the slogan of “If Korea Laughs, The World Laughs,” the Korea Tourism Organization is currently carrying out the in order to promote and establish the culture of hospitality in the Republic of Korea before 2016-2018 Visit Korea Year and “PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.” The campaign began on August 2015 and will continue by December 2018. Furthermore, the campaign will improve the awareness of the Korean people who have been rather unfriendly to tourists and encourage them to offer hospitality to the tourists visiting the Republic of Korea.
Korea Tourism Organization has contracted an MOU agreement with Gangwon-do Provincial office and PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Games (POCOG), in order to provide support for a successful hosting of PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games. Moreover, the Korea Tourism Organization has established four major promotional strategies including the discovery of sports culture tourism contents, full development of overseas promotional activities, concentration of capacity on the improvement of tourism environment and reinforcement of local promotion through public participation. Through the MOU agreement, the Korea Tourism Organization will cooperate on matters including the local and overseas promotional activities utilizing international tourism exhibitions, local and overseas large-scale events and online-offline media, cooperation on the development of participatory environment through the hospitality campaign and others, cooperation on the sharing and utilization of the event-related information and data and other matters necessary for the successful hosting of other events.
Moreover, Korea Tourism Organization has actively developed and hosted projects to support the successful hosting of PyeongChang 2013 Special Olympics World Winter Games (January 29th 2013~February 5th 2013) including the operation of Korea Tourism Public Affairs Department, operation of tour program for the family members of the teams, and managing the K-POP music festival. Korea Tourism Organization is also currently developing overseas promotional activities on PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games targeting the world’s three major tourism exhibitions. In November 2015 and in January 2015, Korea Tourism Organization has introduced PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games to the European market which has been the home of Winter Olympics by operating a Korea House in the World Travel Market 2015 in London, United Kingdom and in the FITUR 2016 in Madrid, Spain.
During Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games (February 7th 2014~February 23rd 2014), promotional activities on Korean Tourism was initiated, by targeting diplomatic missions from all over the world and the local Russians. Additionally, Korea House in the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games Park promoted ROK's medical tourism by providing acupuncture sessions to visitors and offering traditional tea. The Korea House also provided various cultural opportunities through activities like K-POP concert and traditional clothing experience session.
315 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games
□ Ec 03-1 Consumer Price Index
Country(Republic of Korea), Region(Gangwon-do) Overview
The objective of indicator evaluation is to study the changes in prices such as living expenses of the Host Cities. It is used to examine whether the Olympic Games impacted the price level in the Host Cities through the comparison with the national level and other regions. Consumer price index(CPI) is an index generated in order to comprehensively measure the price change in products and services which are purchased for daily lives by an urban household. CPI is calculated based on the price level of 481 items which accounts for 1/10,000 or more of total household spending in 2010(=100).
Presentation
□ See Tables overleaf.
Analysis
On national CPI, the highest was the rentals for housing, which was 116.73, followed by agricultural and marine products, and personal services. Compared to 2007, the overall CPI of 2015 increased by approximately 22%, and the CPI of agricultural and marine products increased the most by 31%. On the CPI of Gangwon-do, agricultural and marine product was the highest with 112.93, followed by rentals for housing, and personal services. In overall, it increased by 8.3p compared to 2010 and is 1.6p lower than the national CPI of the same year. On the CPI of Host City(Gangneung-si), overall CPI increased by 8.2p compared to 2010. Agricultural and marine product was the highest with 114.44, followed by personal services and rentals for housing. It was found that in Gangneung-si, the CPI of agricultural and marine products increased the most by 31% in 2015, compared to 2007.
Impact Relevance M Rating Y Confidence H
Since there is no major difference among the CPI of the nation , Gangwon-do, and Host City, it seems that the impact of Olympic Game is comparatively small. Also, since the central and local governments of the Republic of Korea has been constantly managing consumer price level, it is expected that there would be no major change in CPIs induced by the hosting of the Olympic Games. Since the determination on host of PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games, there was no significant difference between CPI change in Gangwon-do and the national level. Therefore, it is expected that the promises regarding the host of Olympic Games suggested in the Bid File(bid-14) would be complied, as the change of CPI is expected to be not significant.
316 Olympic Games Impact(OGI) Study for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games