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Bioclimatic and Phytosociological Diagnosis of the Species of the Nothofagus Genus (Nothofagaceae) in South America
International Journal of Geobotanical Research, Vol. nº 1, December 2011, pp. 1-20 Bioclimatic and phytosociological diagnosis of the species of the Nothofagus genus (Nothofagaceae) in South America Javier AMIGO(1) & Manuel A. RODRÍGUEZ-GUITIÁN(2) (1) Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). E-15782 Santiago de Com- postela (Galicia, España). Phone: 34-881 814977. E-mail: [email protected] (2) Departamento de Producción Vexetal. Escola Politécnica Superior de Lugo-USC. 27002-Lugo (Galicia, España). E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Nothofagus genus comprises 10 species recorded in the South American subcontinent. All are important tree species in the ex- tratropical, Mediterranean, temperate and boreal forests of Chile and Argentina. This paper presents a summary of data on the phyto- coenotical behaviour of these species and relates the plant communities to the measurable or inferable thermoclimatic and ombrocli- matic conditions which affect them. Our aim is to update the phytosociological knowledge of the South American temperate forests and to assess their suitability as climatic bioindicators by analysing the behaviour of those species belonging to their most represen- tative genus. Keywords: Argentina, boreal forests, Chile, mediterranean forests, temperate forests. Introduction tually give rise to a temperate territory with rainfall rates as high as those of regions with a Tropical pluvial bio- The South American subcontinent is usually associa- climate; iii. finally, towards the apex of the American ted with a tropical environment because this is in fact the Southern Cone, this temperate territory progressively dominant bioclimatic profile from Panamá to the north of gives way to a strip of land with a Boreal bioclimate. -
Intraspecific Facilitation: Generality, Mechanisms and Effects
Intraspecific facilitation: generality, mechanisms and effects Dissertation der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von Ruichang Zhang aus Shandong, China Tübingen 2017 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen. Tag der mündlichen Qualifikation: 07. April. 2017 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Rosenstiel 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Katja Tielbörger 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Oliver Bossdorf 2 Table of contents Acknowledgments 4 Declaration of my own working contribution to the present thesis 5 Abstract 6 Chapter 1: 8 General introduction Chapter 2: 15 A review on reciprocity and asymmetry/symmetry in facilitation: the foundation for exploring population-level consequences of facilitation Chapter 3: 45 Intraspecific facilitation: responses and effects of conspecific genotypes with different stress tolerance Chapter 4: 63 Density-dependence tips the balance between facilitation and competition along stress gradients Chapter 5: 80 Facilitation alters allometric responses of plants to density Chapter 6: 94 General conclusions Bibliography: 101 Appendices: 127 Curriculum vitae: 188 3 Acknowledgement I spent four years of my life on the thesis and now it is my pleasure to acknowledge and thank all the people who helped me during this period. I would like to acknowledge the financial support from China Scholarship Council (CSC). Without this funding source my stay in Germany and research could not have been possible. I am tremendously grateful to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Katja Tielbörger for her guidance and support during the past four years. A huge thank also goes to Prof. Dr. Oliver Bossdorf for sharing the greenhouse and stimulating discussion. -
A Review on Presence of Oleanolic Acid in Natural Products
Natura Proda Medica, (2), April 2009 64 A review on presence of Oleanolic acid in Natural Products A review on presence of Oleanolic acid in Natural Products YEUNG Ming Fai Abstract Oleanolic acid (OA), a common phytochemical, is chosen as an example for elucidation of its presence in natural products by searching scientific databases. 146 families, 698 genera and 1620 species of natural products were found to have OA up to Sep 2007. Keywords Oleanolic acid, natural products, plants, Chinese medicine, Linnaeus system of plant classification Introduction and/or its saponins in natural products was carried out for Oleanolic acid (OA), a common phytochemical, is chosen elucidating its pressence. The classification was based on as an example for elucidation of its presence in natural Linnaeus system of plant classification from the databases of products by searching scientific databases. SciFinder and China Yearbook Full-text Database (CJFD). Methodology of Review Result of Review Literature search for isolation and characterization of OA Search results were tabulated (Table 1). Table 1 Literature review of natural products containing OA and/or its saponins. The classification is based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG II system of plant classification from the databases of SciFinder and China Yearbook Full-text Database (CJFD). Family of plants Plant scientific names Position of plant to be Form of OA References isolated isolated Acanthaceae Juss. Acanthus illicifolius L. Leaves OA [1-2] Acanthaceae Avicennia officinalis Linn. Leaves OA [3] Acanthaceae Blepharis sindica Stocks ex T. Anders Seeds OA [4] Acanthaceae Dicliptera chinensis (Linn.) Juss. Whole plant OA [5] Acanthaceae Justicia simplex Whole plant OA saponins [6] Actinidiaceae Gilg. -
An Update of Review on the Presence of Oleanolic Acid in Natural Products at Aug 2010
Natura Proda Medica, Prelimary, September 2010 11 A review on isolation of Oleanolic acid in Natural Products from 2007 to Aug 2010 An update of review on the presence of Oleanolic acid in Natural Products at Aug 2010 YEUNG Ming Fai Abstract Reviews on isolation of oleanolic acid (OA) in natural products were carried out. This elucidates the presence of oleanolic acid in natural products based on scientific findings. There are 158 families, 767 genera and 1710 species of natural products isolated OA up to Aug 2010. Keywords Oleanolic acid, natural products, plants, Chinese medicine, presence, isolation, Linnaeus system of plant classification Introduction Result of Review To elucidate the presence of oleanolic acid in natural Review results were collaborated and tabulated (Table 1). products based on scientific findings, reviews on isolation of oleanolic acid (OA) in natural products were carried out 1-2. Table 1 Review on isolation of oleanolic acid and/or its saponins in natural products. The classification is based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG II system of plant classification from the databases of SciFinder and China Yearbook Full-text Database (CJFD). Family of plants Plant scientific names Position of plant to Form of OA be isolated isolated Acanthaceae Juss. Acanthus illicifolius L. Leaves OA Acanthaceae Avicennia officinalis Linn. Leaves OA Acanthaceae Blepharis sindica Stocks ex T. Anders Seeds OA Acanthaceae Dicliptera chinensis (Linn.) Juss. Whole plants OA Acanthaceae Justicia simplex Wholeplants OAsaponins Acanthaceae Gendarussa vulgaris Nees Aerial parts OA Actinidiaceae Gilg. et Actinidia arguta (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. Leaves or stems OA Werderm. Actinidiaceae Actinidia deliciosa C. -
Generic Limits of Pyrinae: Insights from Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences
Botanical Studies (2012) 53: 151-164. SYSTEMATICS Generic limits of Pyrinae: Insights from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences Qing-Yan LI1, Wei GUO1, Wen-Bo LIAO1,*, James A. MACKLIN2, and Jian-Hua LI3,* 1Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, P.R. China 2Harvard University Herbaria, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA 3Biology Department, Hope College, MI 49423, USA (Received August 23, 2010; Accepted October 6, 2011) ABSTRACT. The subtribe Pyrinae, formerly the Maloideae, is a monophyletic group of about 1,000 species that includes well known fruit crops such as apple (Malus), pear (Pyrus), quince (Cydonia), loquat (Eriobotrya), chokeberry (Aronia), and serviceberry (Amelanchier). Generic limits have been fluid in Pyrinae, especially in Malus, Sorbus and Photinia. This study evaluated the generic limits of 180 samples of multiple species or accessions from each of the traditional genera using sequences of the nrDNA ITS region. The ITS data recog- nized 24 genera, including Amelanchier, Aria (including Micromeles), Aronia, Chaenomeles, Chamaemespilus, Chamaemeles, Cormus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Dichotomanthes, Eriobotrya, Hesperomeles, Mala- comeles, Malus (including Chloromeles, Docynia, Docyniopsis, and Eriolobus), Mespilus, Osteomeles, Pera- phyllum, Pourthiaea, Pseudocydonia, Pyrus, Rhaphiolepis, Sorbus, and Torminalis. However, both Photinia and Pyracantha are polyphyletic. Photinia is separated into different clades, one of which contains species of Heteromeles and Stranvaesia. Asian species of Pyracantha do not form a clade with P. coccinea of southern Europe and Iran. Our results support the close relationship of Amelanchier, Malacomeles, and Peraphyllum, and of Crataegus and Mespilus, and for the first time recognize the sister relationship of the South American genus Hesperomeles with the Crataegus-Mespilus clade. -
Plant Ecophysiology
Plant Ecophysiology Michael Tausz Nancy Grulke Editors Trees in a Changing Environment Ecophysiology, Adaptation, and Future Survival Trees in a Changing Environment [email protected] Plant Ecophysiology Volume 9 Series Editors: Luit J. De Kok University of Groningen, The Netherlands Malcolm J. Hawkesford Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom Aims & Scope: The Springer Series in Plant Ecophysiology comprises a series of volumes that deals with the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on plant functioning and physiological adaptation to the environment. The aim of the Plant Ecophysiology series is to review and integrate the present knowledge on the impact of the environment on plant functioning and adaptation at various levels: from the molecular, biochemical and physiological to a whole plant level. This series is of interest to scientists who like to be informed of new developments and insights in plant ecophysiology, and can be used as advanced textbooks for biology students. The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. [email protected] Trees in a Changing Environment Ecophysiology, Adaptation, and Future Survival Edited by Michael Tausz Forest and Ecosystem Science University of Melbourne Victoria Australia and Nancy Grulke Pacific NW Research Station WWETAC USDA Forest Service Prineville, Oregon, USA [email protected] Editors Michael Tausz Nancy Grulke Forest and Ecosystem Science Pacific NW Research Station WWETAC University of Melbourne USDA Forest Service Victoria Prineville, Oregon, USA Australia ISSN 1572-5561 ISSN 1572-5561 (electronic) ISBN 978-94-017-9099-4 ISBN 978-94-017-9100-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9100-7 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014946587 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht (outside the USA) 2014 Chapter 11 was created within the capacity of an US government employment. -
Plant Geography of Chile PLANT and VEGETATION
Plant Geography of Chile PLANT AND VEGETATION Volume 5 Series Editor: M.J.A. Werger For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7549 Plant Geography of Chile by Andrés Moreira-Muñoz Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 123 Dr. Andrés Moreira-Muñoz Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Instituto de Geografia Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago Chile [email protected] ISSN 1875-1318 e-ISSN 1875-1326 ISBN 978-90-481-8747-8 e-ISBN 978-90-481-8748-5 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8748-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. ◦ ◦ Cover illustration: High-Andean vegetation at Laguna Miscanti (23 43 S, 67 47 W, 4350 m asl) Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Carlos Reiche (1860–1929) In Memoriam Foreword It is not just the brilliant and dramatic scenery that makes Chile such an attractive part of the world. No, that country has so very much more! And certainly it has a rich and beautiful flora. Chile’s plant world is strongly diversified and shows inter- esting geographical and evolutionary patterns. This is due to several factors: The geographical position of the country on the edge of a continental plate and stretch- ing along an extremely long latitudinal gradient from the tropics to the cold, barren rocks of Cape Horn, opposite Antarctica; the strong differences in altitude from sea level to the icy peaks of the Andes; the inclusion of distant islands in the country’s territory; the long geological and evolutionary history of the biota; and the mixture of tropical and temperate floras. -
Phylogenetic Relationships and Time-Calibration of the South American Fossil and Extant Species of Southern Beeches (Nothofagus)
Phylogenetic relationships and time-calibration of the South American fossil and extant species of southern beeches (Nothofagus) BÁRBARA VENTO and FEDERICO A. AGRAÍN Vento, B. and Agraín, F.A. 2018. Phylogenetic relationships and time-calibration of the South American fossil and extant species of southern beeches (Nothofagus). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (4): 815–825. The genus Nothofagus is considered as one of the most interesting plant genera, not only for the living species but also due to the fossil evidence distributed throughout the Southern Hemisphere. Early publications postulated a close rela- tionship between fossil and living species of Nothofagus. However, the intrageneric phylogenetic relationships are not yet fully explored. This work assesses the placement of fossil representatives of genus Nothofagus, using different search strategies (Equal Weight and Implied Weight), and it analyses relationships with the extant species from South America (Argentina and Chile). The relationships of fossil taxa with the monophyletic subgenera Brassospora, Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Nothofagus and the monophyly of the clades corresponding to the four subgenera are tested. A time- calibrated tree is generated in an approach aiming at estimating the divergence times of all the major lineages. The results support the inclusion of most fossil taxa from South America into the subgenera of Nothofagus. The strict consensus tree shows the following species as closely related: Nothofagus elongata + N. alpina; N. variabilis + N. pumilio; N. suberruginea + N. alessandri; N. serrulata + N. dombeyi, and N. crenulata + N. betuloides. The species N. simplicidens shares a common ancestor with N. pumilio, N. crenulata, and N. betuloides. This contribution is one of the first attempts to integrate fossil and extant Nothofagus species from South America into a phylogenetic analysis and an approach for a time-calibrated tree. -
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE Facultad De Ciencias Forestales Y Conservación De La Naturaleza Magíster En Áreas Silvestres Y Conservación De La Naturaleza
UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Conservación de la Naturaleza Magíster en Áreas Silvestres y Conservación de la Naturaleza COFILOGENIA DE HONGOS FORMADORES DE ECTOMICORRIZAS DEL GÉNERO Austropaxillus Bresinsky & Jarosch 1999 Y SUS HUÉSPEDES, ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO Nothofagus Blume 1850: IMPLICANCIAS EN CONSERVACIÓN Proyecto para optar al grado de Magíster en Áreas Silvestres y Conservación de la Naturaleza. Juan Pablo Tejena Vergara Santiago, Chile 2014 Proyecto de grado presentado como parte de los requisitos para optar al grado de Magíster en Áreas Silvestres y Conservación de la Naturaleza. Coordinador de Programa Profesor(a) Nombre: Juan Caldentey Pont Firma ____________________________ Profesor(a) Guía/Patrocinante Nombre: Rosa Scherson Nota ____________________________ Firma ____________________________ Comité de Proyecto de Grado Profesor(a) Consejero(a) Marco Méndez Nota ____________________________ Firma ____________________________ Profesor(a) Consejero(o) Álvaro Promis Nota ____________________________ Firma ____________________________ Agradecimiento A la Dra. Rosa Scherson, docente de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Conservación de la Naturaleza, de la Universidad de Chile, por su brillante asesoría académica, paciencia, amistad, y confianza depositada en mí durante la realización de este trabajo. Al Laboratorio de Sistemática y Evolución de Plantas del Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Conservación de la Naturaleza, de la Universidad de -
The Forests of Montane Mexico and Temperate South America
BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND CONSERVATION IN FRAGMENTED FOREST LANDSCAPES The Forests of Montane Mexico and Temperate South America This page intentionally left blank BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND CONSERVATION IN FRAGMENTED FOREST LANDSCAPES The Forests of Montane Mexico and Temperate South America Edited by A.C. Newton Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change School of Conservation Sciences Bournemouth University Poole Dorset UK CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Offi ce CABI North American Offi ce Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: +44(0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44(0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © CAB International 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Biodiversity loss and conservation in fragmented forest landscapes : evidence from tropical montane and south temperate rain forests in Latin America / A.C. Newton, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84593-261-9 (alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-84593-262-6 (ebook) 1. Forest biodiversity--Latin America. 2. Forest biodiversity conservation-- Latin America. 3. Rain forests--Latin America. 4. Rain forest conservation-- Latin America. I. Newton, Adrian C. II. Title. QH106.5.B52 2007 577.3′098--dc22 2007006483 ISBN: 978 1 84593 261 9 Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India. -
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers Regional Updates Prepared for the Thirteenth Session of the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources, Rome, Italy, 10-12 November 2003 by Baskaran K., D.; Bariteau, M.; El-Kassaby, Y.A.; Huoran, W.; Kigomo, B.N.; Mesén, F.; Midgley, S.; Nikiema, A.; Patiño V, F.; Prado, J.A.; Ståhl, P.H. Members of the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources 2004 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FGR/73E Forest Resources Division FAO, Rome, Italy Disclaimer The Forest Genetic Resources Working Papers report on issues and activities related to the conservation, sustainable use and management of forest genetic resources. The purpose of these papers is to provide early information on on-going programmes and activities, and to stimulate discussion. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. As a Working Paper, this document does not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. Quantitative information regarding the status of forest and tree resources, including genetic resources, has been compiled according to sources, methodologies and protocoles identified and selected by the authors. Data comparison between countries and regions using different recording methodologies and sources may not be possible. For the latest findings and recommendations by the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources, please refer to the Report of the Thirteenth Session of the Panel, FAO, Rome, 2004. -
Libro Rojo De La Flora Terrestre De Chile Ingles.Pdf
REPUBLIC OF CHILE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE CHILEAN FOREST SERVICE RED BOOK ON CHILEAN TERRESTRIAL FLORA (Part One) IVAN BENOIT C. EDITOR 1989 COVER Photograph by: Adriana Hoffmann Garra de León (Leontochir ovallei PhiI.) Endemic of a small area in the Atacama region. The restricted distribution and collection of its showy red flowers have led this pant to the brink of extinction. RED BOOK ON CHILEAN TERRESTRIAL FLORA (Part One) This book corresponds to an updated edition of the proceedings of the Symposium ”Chilean Threatened Native Tree and Shrub FIora”. organized by the CHILEAN FOREST SERVICE and held on August 27-30, 1985, in Santiago CHILE The following proposals are also included: — Threatened Plant Sites and Vegetation Types in Chile. A. Proposal. — Proposal to modify the conservation status classification of 15 tree and shrub species pursuant to data provided by the study “Technical Files on Specific Sites Where Threatened Woody Species Occur”. — The conservation Status of Chilean Succulent Plants: A Preliminary Assessment. — Threatened Chilean Continental Pteridophyta. — Chilean Geophyte Monocotyledon : Taxonomic Synopsis and Conservation Status. Red Book on Chilean Terrestrial Flora (Part One) This book was published in Spanish under the title ”Libro Rojo de la Flora Terrestre en Chile (Primera Parte)”. This book may be reproduced whole or in part, by any means, only for educational, non-profit purposes, provided that the source is mentioned. Any further information may be requested from: CORPORACION NACIONAL FORESTAL (CONAF) Av. Bulnes 285, Santiago de Chile Telephone : (562) 699 1257; (562) 699 2833 Telex : 240001 CONAF CL Fax : (562) 715881 To quote this publication: BENOIT, I.L (Ed.) Red Book of Chilean Terrestrial Fauna (Part One) 151 p.