Federal Railroad Administration, DOT Pt. 230

IV. RECORDKEEPING 230.19 Posting of FRA Form No. 1 and FRA Form No. 3. To demonstrate compliance, the entity conducting the test shall maintain records of 230.20 Alteration and repair report for the following data. The records created steam . under this procedure shall be retained and 230.21 number change. made readily accessible for review for a min- 230.22 Accident reports. imum of three years. All records may be maintained in either written or electronic Subpart B—Boilers and Appurtenances form. (1) Name(s) of persons conducting the test, 230.23 Responsibility for general construc- and the date of the test. tion and safe working pressure. (2) Description of locomotive being tested, ALLOWABLE STRESS including: make, model number, serial num- ber, and date of manufacture. 230.24 Maximum allowable stress. (3) Description of sound level meter and 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on stays calibrator, including: make, model, type, se- and braces. rial number, and manufacturer’s calibration date. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (4) The recorded measurement during cali- 230.26 Tensile strength of shell plates. bration and for each microphone location 230.27 Maximum shearing strength of rivets. during operating conditions. 230.28 Higher shearing strength of rivets. (5) Other information as appropriate to de- scribe the testing conditions and procedure, INSPECTION AND REPAIR including whether or not the locomotive was tested under self-loading conditions, or not. 230.29 Inspection and repair. (6) Where a locomotive fails a test and is 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. re-tested under the provisions of § III(9) of 230.31 Flues to be removed. this appendix, the suspected reason(s) for the 230.32 Time and method of inspection. failure. 230.33 Welded repairs and alterations. [71 FR 63136, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 74 230.34 Riveted repairs and alterations. FR 25174, May 27, 2009] PRESSURE TESTING OF BOILERS PART 230—STEAM LOCOMOTIVE 230.35 Pressure testing. 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 230.37 Steam test following repairs or alter- STANDARDS ations.

Subpart A—General STAYBOLTS 230.38 Telltale holes. Sec. 230.1 Purpose and scope. 230.39 Broken staybolts. 230.2 Applicability. 230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing. 230.3 Implementation. 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps. 230.4 Penalties. STEAM GAUGES 230.5 Preemptive effect. 230.6 Waivers. 230.42 Location of gauges. 230.7 Responsibility for compliance. 230.43 Gauge siphon. 230.8 Definitions. 230.44 Time of testing. 230.9 Information collection. 230.45 Method of testing. 230.10 [Reserved] 230.46 Badge plates. GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS 230.47 number. 230.11 Repair of non-complying conditions. SAFETY RELIEF 230.12 Movement of non-complying steam 230.48 Number and capacity. . 230.13 Daily inspection. 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves. 230.14 Thirty-one (31) service day inspec- 230.50 Time of testing. tion. WATER GLASSES AND GAUGE COCKS 230.15 Ninety-two (92) service day inspec- tion. 230.51 Number and location. 230.16 Annual inspection. 230.52 Water glass valves. 230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy- 230.53 Time of cleaning. two (1472) service day inspection. 230.54 Testing and maintenance. 230.55 Tubular type water and lubricator RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS glasses and shields. 230.18 Service days. 230.56 Water glass lamps.

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INJECTORS, FEEDWATER , AND FLUE DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS PLUGS 230.90 Draw gear between locomotive and 230.57 and feedwater pumps. tender. 230.58 Flue plugs. 230.91 Chafing irons. 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. FUSIBLE PLUGS DRIVING GEAR 230.59 Fusible plugs. 230.93 and rods. WASHING BOILERS 230.94 . 230.95 Guides. 230.60 Time of washing. 230.96 Main, side, and motion rods. 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, 230.97 pins. circulators and thermic siphons. RUNNING GEAR STEAM PIPES 230.98 Driving, trailing, and 230.62 Dry pipe. . 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure 230.99 Tender truck axles. parts. 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and journals. STEAM LEAKS 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal 230.64 Leaks under lagging. boxes. 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine crew. 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes. 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes. Subpart C—Steam Locomotives and 230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges. Tenders 230.105 Lateral motion. , FRAMES AND EQUALIZING SYSTEM 230.66 Design, construction, and mainte- nance. 230.106 Steam . 230.67 Responsibility for inspection and re- 230.107 Tender frame and body. pairs. 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trail- ing trucks. SPEED INDICATORS 230.109 Tender trucks. 230.68 Speed indicators. 230.110 Pilots. 230.111 Spring rigging. ASH PANS AND TIRES 230.69 Ash pans. 230.112 Wheels and tires. BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. 230.114 centers. 230.70 Safe condition. 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. 230.115 Feed water tanks. 230.73 Air gauges. 230.116 Oil tanks. 230.74 Time of cleaning. APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and clean- REQUIREMENTS ing. APPENDIX B TO PART 230—DIAGRAMS AND 230.76 Piston travel. DRAWINGS 230.77 Foundation brake gear. APPENDIX C TO PART 230—FRA INSPECTION 230.78 Leakage. FORMS 230.79 signal system. APPENDIX D TO PART 230—CIVIL PENALTY SCHEDULE CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND LIGHTS AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 20103, 20107, 20702; 28 230.80 Cabs. U.S.C. 2461, note; and 49 CFR 1.49. 230.81 aprons. SOURCE: 64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, unless 230.82 Fire doors. otherwise noted. 230.83 cocks. 230.84 Sanders. Subpart A—General 230.85 Audible warning device. 230.86 Required illumination. § 230.1 Purpose and scope. 230.87 Cab lights. This part prescribes minimum Fed- THROTTLES AND eral safety standards for all steam-pro- 230.88 Throttles. pelled locomotives operated on rail- 230.89 Reverse gear. roads to which this part applies. This

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part does not restrict a railroad from parts 200–999, revised October 1, 1978) At adopting and enforcing additional or the time the locomotive owner and/or more stringent requirements not in- operator completes this inspection, it consistent with this part. must begin to comply with the rest of the provisions of this part. Up until § 230.2 Applicability. such time, and except as provided in (a) Except as provided in paragraph paragraphs (a) through (c) of this sec- (b) of this section, this part applies to tion, compliance with the regulations all railroads that operate steam loco- in effect prior to January 18, 2000 (See motives. 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, (b) This part does not apply to: 1978) will constitute full compliance (1) A railroad with gage of less with this part. Any interested person than 24 inches; may obtain the October 1, 1978 revision (2) A railroad that operates exclu- of 49 CFR parts 200–999 by contacting sively freight and does so only the Federal Railroad Administration, on track inside an installation that is Office of Chief Counsel, 1200 New Jersey not part of the general system of trans- Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. portation; (a) One year after January 18, 2000. (3) Rapid transit operations in an The following sections of this part urban area that are not connected to must be complied with by January 18, the general system of transportation; 2001: §§ 230.7, 230.51, 230.57, 230.68, 230.70, or 230.85, 230.87, 230.115, and 230.116. (4) A railroad that operates passenger (b) Interim flue removal extensions. trains and does so only on track inside FRA will continue to consider requests an installation that is insular, i.e., its for flue removal extensions under the operations are limited to a separate en- provisions of § 230.10 of the regulations clave in such a way that there is no in effect prior to January 18, 2000 (See reasonable expectation that the safety 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, of the public—except a business guest, 1978) until January 18, 2002. a licensee of the railroad or an affili- (c) Petition for special consideration. ated entity, or a trespasser—would be The locomotive owner or operator may affected by the operation. An operation petition FRA for special consideration will not be considered insular if one or of this part’s implementation with re- more of the following exists on its line: spect to any locomotive that has either (i) A public highway-rail crossing fully or partially satisfied the require- that is in use; ments of § 230.17 within the three (3) (ii) An at-grade rail crossing that is year period prior to September 25, in use; 1998—provided the locomotive is in full (iii) A bridge over a public road or compliance with § 230.17 by the time waters used for commercial navigation; the petition is actually filed.1 or (1) Petition process. Petitions must be (iv) A common corridor with another filed by January 18, 2001 and must be railroad, i.e., its operations are con- accompanied by all relevant docu- ducted within 30 feet of those of any mentation to be considered, including a other railroad. FRA Form No. 4 (see appendix C of this (c) See appendix A of part 209 for a part) that has been calculated in ac- current statement of the FRA’s policy cordance with § 230.17, and all records on its exercise of jurisdiction. that demonstrate the number of days § 230.3 Implementation. 1 NOTE: As an example, where a locomotive Except as provided in paragraphs (a) has received a proper boiler inspection after through (c) of this section, the loco- September 25, 1995 pursuant to §§ 230.10 and motive owner and/or operator shall per- 230.11 of the regulations in effect prior to form a 1472 service day inspection that January 18, 2000 but has not had its FRA meets the requirements of § 230.17 when Form No. 4 updated, the locomotive owner or operator may update and verify the FRA the locomotive’s flues would be re- Form No. 4 for that locomotive, and submit quired to be removed pursuant to a timely petition that requests retroactive § 230.10, of the regulations in effect credit for the boiler inspection. (See 49 CFR prior to January 18, 2000. (See 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, 1978.)

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the locomotive has been in service. peated violations has created an immi- Based upon the documentation pro- nent hazard of death or injury to per- vided, FRA will calculate the number sons, or has caused death or injury, a of ‘‘service days’’ the locomotive has penalty not to exceed $100,000 per viola- accrued and will notify the petitioner tion may be assessed. Each day a viola- of the number of service days that re- tion continues shall constitute a sepa- main in the locomotive’s 1472 service rate offense. See appendix A of part 209 day cycle. Petitions should be sent to for a statement of agency civil penalty FRA by some form of registered mail policy. to ensure a record of delivery. FRA will (b) Any person who knowingly and investigate these petitions and will re- willfully falsifies a record or report re- spond to these petitions within one quired by this part may be subject to year of their receipt. FRA will send its criminal penalties under 49 U.S.C. response by some form of registered 21311. mail to ensure that a record of delivery [64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 69 is created. In its response, FRA may FR 30594, May 28, 2004; 72 FR 51197, Sept. 6, grant the petition or deny it. If FRA 2007; 73 FR 79703, Dec. 30, 2008] grants the petition, the entirety of the revised requirements will become effec- § 230.5 Preemptive effect. tive upon receipt of FRA’s response, The Locomotive Boiler Inspection unless FRA’s response indicates other- Act (49 U.S.C. 20701–20703) preempts all wise. If FRA denies the petition, the State laws or regulations concerning rule will become effective as provided locomotive safety. Napier v. Atlantic in the first paragraph of this section. Coast Line R.R., 272 U.S. 605 (1926). How- (2) FRA silence. Anyone who does not ever, FRA believes Congress did not in- receive a response within one year of tend to preempt State laws or regula- the date they filed their petition, tions concerning rail operations over whether through administrative or which FRA does not exercise jurisdic- postal error, must notify FRA that the tion. Therefore, in issuing this part, it response has not been received. The no- is FRA’s intent that State laws or reg- tification should be provided to FRA ulations applicable to those rail oper- by some form of registered mail to en- ations to which this part does not sure a record of delivery. Upon receipt apply (i.e., insular tourist operations) of this notification, FRA will ensure not be preempted. that a response is either issued, or re- issued, as soon as possible. In the in- § 230.6 Waivers. terim, however, any operator who is at (a) A person subject to a requirement the end of their inspection cycle under of this part may petition the Adminis- the rules in effect prior to January 18, trator of FRA for a waiver of compli- 2000 (See 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised ance with such requirement. The filing October 1, 1978) will be allowed to re- of such a petition does not affect that main in service without conducting the person’s responsibility for compliance required inspection under § 230.17 for an with that requirement while the peti- additional six months, or until they re- tion is being considered. ceive FRA’s decision, whichever occurs (b) Each petition for waiver under first. this section must be filed in the man- [64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 74 ner and contain the information re- FR 25174, May 27, 2009] quired by part 211 of this chapter. (c) If the Administrator finds that a § 230.4 Penalties. waiver of compliance is in the public (a) Any person who violates any re- interest and is consistent with railroad quirement of this part or causes the safety, the Administrator may grant violation of any such requirement is the waiver subject to any conditions subject to a civil penalty of at least the Administrator deems necessary. $650 and not more than $25,000 per vio- Where a waiver is granted, the Admin- lation, except that: Penalties may be istrator publishes a notice containing assessed against individuals only for the reasons for granting the waiver. willful violations, and, where a grossly (d) All waivers of every form and negligent violation or a pattern of re- type from any requirement of any

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order or regulation implementing the ASME. American Society of Mechan- Locomotive Boiler Inspection Act, 36 ical Engineers. Stat. 913, as amended, 49 U.S.C. 20702, Boiler surfaces. The boiler interior is applicable to one or more steam loco- all the space inside a boiler occupied motives, shall lapse on January 18, 2000 by water or steam under pressure, and unless a copy of the grant of waiver is all associated surfaces inside that filed for reassessment prior to that space exposed to that water and steam. date with the Office of Safety, Federal The boiler exterior is the opposite sur- Railroad Administration, 1200 New Jer- face of all components directly exposed sey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. to the boiler interior. This includes the FRA will review the waiver and notify fire side of the sheets. the applicant whether the waiver has Break. A fracture resulting in com- been continued. plete separation into parts. [64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 74 Code of original construction. The FR 25174, May 27, 2009] manufacturer’s or industry code in ef- fect when the boiler was constructed. If § 230.7 Responsibility for compliance. the exact code is not known, the clos- (a) The locomotive owner and/or op- est contemporary code may be used erator is directly responsible for ensur- provided it does not pre-date the con- ing that all requirements of this part struction date of the boiler. are satisfied, and is the entity pri- Crack. A fracture without complete marily responsible for compliance with separation into parts, except that cast- this part. ings with shrinkage cracks or hot tears (b) Although the duties imposed by that do not significantly diminish the this part are generally stated in terms strength of the member are not consid- of the duties of a railroad or a steam ered to be cracked. locomotive owner and/or operator, any Dead locomotive. A locomotive unable person, including a contractor for a to produce tractive effort. railroad, who performs any function Fire. Anything that produces prod- covered by this part must perform that ucts of combustion that heat transfer- function in accordance with this part. ring components of the locomotive are (c) Chapter 207 of Title 49 of the exposed to. United States Codes makes it unlawful FRA. The Federal Railroad Adminis- for any railroad to use or permit to be tration. used on its line any steam locomotive Locomotive operator. Person or entity or tender unless the entire steam loco- which operates, but which does not motive or tender and its parts and ap- necessarily own, one or more steam lo- purtenances are in proper condition comotives. This term means, for pur- and safe to operate in the service to poses of inspection and maintenance which they are put, without unneces- responsibility, the entity responsible sary danger of personal injury and have for the day-to-day operation of the been inspected and tested as required steam locomotive, or the delegate by this part. thereof. This entity may be a railroad or a person or persons who operate a § 230.8 Definitions. steam locomotive under contract for a As used in this part, the terms listed railroad. in this section have the following defi- Locomotive owner. Person or entity nitions: which owns, but which does not nec- Administrator. The Administrator of essarily operate, one or more steam lo- the Federal Railroad Administration or comotives that is operated on a rail- the Administrator’s delegate. road to which this part applies. For Alteration. Any change to the boiler purposes of inspection and mainte- which affects its pressure retention ca- nance responsibility, this term in- pability. Rating changes are considered cludes that entity’s delegate as well. alterations. MAWP. Maximum allowable working ANSI. American National Standards pressure as specified by the steam loco- Institute. motive specification FRA Form No. 4. API. American Petroleum Institute. (See appendix C of this part.)

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NBIC. National Board Inspection support to retain internal pressure by Code published by the National Board the addition of strength members, such of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspec- as staybolts, braces, diagonal stays, tors. tubes, etc. NDE. Non-destructive Examination. Steam locomotive. A self-propelled unit NPS. Nominal Pipe Size. of equipment powered by steam that is Person. An entity of any type covered either designed or used for moving under 1 U.S.C. 1, including but not lim- other equipment. This includes a self- ited to the following: a railroad; a man- propelled unit designed or used to ager, supervisor, official, or other em- carry freight and/or passenger traffic. ployee or agent of a railroad; any Unstayed portion of the boiler. That owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee portion of the boiler designed to be of railroad equipment, track, or facili- self-supported in retaining internal ties; any independent contractor pro- pressure without additional strength viding goods or services to a railroad; members such as staybolts, braces, di- and any employee of such owner, man- agonal stays, tubes, etc. ufacturer, lessor, lessee, or independent Wastage. A reduction in the thickness contractor. of a mechanical component, such as a Railroad. Any form of non-highway pipe or sheet. ground transportation that runs on rails or electromagnetic guideways and § 230.9 Information collection. any entity providing such transpor- (a) [Reserved] tation, including commuter or other (b) The information collection re- short-haul railroad passenger service in quirements are found in the following a metropolitan or suburban area and sections: §§ 230.3, 230.12 through 230.21, commuter railroad service that was op- 230.33, 230.34, 230.41, 230.46, 230.47, 230.75, erated by the Consolidated Rail Cor- 230.96, 230.98, and 230.116. poration on January 1, 1979; and high speed ground transportation systems § 230.10 [Reserved] that connect metropolitan areas, with- GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS out regard to whether those systems use new technologies not associated § 230.11 Repair of non-complying con- with traditional railroads; but does not ditions. include rapid transit operations in an The steam locomotive owner and/or urban area that are not connected to operator shall repair any steam loco- the general railroad system of trans- motive that fails to comply with the portation. conditions of this part, and shall ap- Renewal. Replacement in kind with a prove any such repairs made, before newly manufactured or remanufac- placing the locomotive back into serv- tured (restored to original tolerances) ice. component. Materials shall be suitable for the service intended. § 230.12 Movement of non-complying Repair. Any work which results in a steam locomotives. restoration in kind. (a) General limitations on movement. A Serious injury. An injury that results steam locomotive with one or more in the amputation of any appendage, non-complying conditions may be the loss of sight in an eye, the fracture moved only as a lite steam locomotive of a bone, or the confinement in a hos- or a steam locomotive in tow, except as pital for a period of more than 24 con- provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- secutive hours. tion. Cars essential to the movement of Service day. Any calendar day that the steam locomotive and tender(s), in- the boiler has steam pressure above at- cluding tool cars and a bunk car, may mospheric pressure with fire in the accompany lite movements. firebox. In the case of a fireless steam (b) Conditions for movement. Prior to locomotive, any calendar day that the movement, the steam locomotive boiler has steam pressure above atmos- owner and/or operator shall determine pheric pressure. that it is safe to move the locomotive, Stayed portion of the boiler. That por- determine the maximum speed and tion of the boiler designed to require other restrictions necessary for safely

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conducting the movement, and notify of a steam locomotive subject to a Spe- in writing the engineer in charge of the cial Notice for Repair unless the move- defective steam locomotive and, if ment is made in accordance with the towed, the engineer in charge of the restrictions contained in the Special locomotive consist, as well as Notice. all other crew members in the cabs, of the presence of the non-complying § 230.13 Daily inspection. steam locomotive and the maximum (a) General. An individual competent speed and other movement restrictions. to conduct the inspection shall inspect In addition, a tag bearing the words each steam locomotive and its tender ‘‘non-complying locomotive’’ shall be each day that they are offered for use securely attached to each defective to determine that they are safe and steam locomotive and shall contain the suitable for service. The daily inspec- following information: tion shall be conducted to comply with (1) The steam locomotive number; all sections of this part, and a daily in- (2) The name of the inspecting entity; spection report filed, by an individual (3) The inspection location and date; competent to conduct the inspection. (4) The nature of the defect; See appendices A and B of this part. (5) Movement restrictions, if any; (b) Pre-departure. At the beginning of (6) The destination; and each day the steam locomotive is used, (7) The signature of the person mak- ing the determinations required by this an individual competent to do so shall, paragraph (b). together with the daily inspection re- (c) Yard movements. A non-complying quired in paragraph (a) of this section, steam locomotive may be moved lite or inspect the steam locomotive and its dead within a yard at speeds not in ex- tender and appurtenances to ensure cess of 10 miles per hour without meet- that they are safe and suitable for serv- ing the requirements of paragraph (b) ice, paying special attention to the fol- of this section if the movement is sole- lowing items: ly for the purpose of repair. The loco- (1) Water glasses and gauge cocks; motive owner and/or operator is re- (2) Boiler feedwater delivery systems, sponsible for ensuring that the move- such as injectors and feedwater pumps; ment may be safely made. and (d) Non-complying conditions developed (3) Air compressors and governors, en route. The locomotive owner and/or and the air brake system. operator may continue in use a steam (c) Inspection reports. The results of locomotive that develops a non-com- the daily inspection shall be entered on plying condition en route until the an FRA Form No. 2 (See appendix C of next daily inspection or the nearest this part) which shall contain, at a forward point where the repairs nec- minimum, the name of the railroad, essary to bring it into compliance can the initials and number of the steam be made, whichever is earlier. Before locomotive, the place, date and time of continuing en route, the steam loco- the inspection, the signature of the em- motive owner and/or operator shall de- ployee making the inspection, a de- termine that it is safe to move the scription of the non-complying condi- steam locomotive, determine the max- tions disclosed by the inspection, con- imum speed and other restrictions nec- ditions found in non-compliance during essary for safely conducting the move- the day and repaired and the signature ment, and notify in writing the engi- of the person who repaired the non-con- neer in charge of the defective steam forming conditions. This report shall locomotive and, if towed, the engineer be filed even if no non-complying con- in charge of the towing steam loco- ditions are detected. A competent indi- motive consist, as well as all other vidual shall sign the report, certifying crew members in the cabs, of the pres- that all non-complying conditions were ence of the non-complying steam loco- repaired before the steam locomotive is motive and the maximum speed and operated. This report shall be filed and other movement restrictions. retained for at least 92 days at the lo- (e) Special notice for repair. Nothing in cation designated by the steam loco- this section authorizes the movement motive owner and/or operator.

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§ 230.14 Thirty-one (31) service day in- include all daily, all 31 service day, and spection. all 92 service day inspection items. See (a) General. An individual competent appendix A of this part. Days in service to conduct the inspection shall perform shall be counted, recorded, and readily the 31 service day inspection after the available for inspection when requested steam locomotive has accrued 31 serv- by an FRA inspector. ice days. This inspection shall consist (b) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 of all 31 service day inspection items days of conducting the 92 service day and all daily inspection items. See ap- inspection, the steam locomotive pendix A of this part. Days in service owner and/or operator shall file, for shall be counted, recorded and readily each steam locomotive inspected, a re- available for inspection when requested port of inspection ( FRA Form No. 1), by an FRA inspector. in the place the locomotive is main- (b) FRA notification. FRA Regional tained and with the FRA Regional Ad- Administrators or their delegate(s) ministrator for that region. may require a steam locomotive owner When the report of annual inspection or operator to provide FRA with time- ( FRA Form No. 3), is filed, the FRA ly notification before performing a 31 Form No. 1 does not have to be filed service day inspection. If the Regional until the next 92 service day inspec- Administrator or their delegate indi- tion. (See appendix C of this part.) cates their desire to be present for the 31 service day inspection, the steam lo- § 230.16 Annual inspection. comotive owner and/or operator shall (a) General. (1) An individual com- provide them a scheduled date and lo- petent to conduct the inspection shall cation for inspection. Once scheduled, perform the annual inspection after 368 the inspection must be performed at calendar days have elapsed from the the time and place specified, unless the time of the previous annual inspection. Regional Administrator and the steam This inspection shall include all daily, locomotive owner and/or operator mu- all 31 service day, all 92 service day, tually agree to reschedule. If the Re- and all annual inspection items. (See gional Administrator requests the in- appendix B of this part.) spection be performed on another date (2) Fifth annual inspection. An indi- but the steam locomotive owner and/or vidual competent to do so shall per- operator and the Regional Adminis- form a flexible staybolt and cap inspec- trator are unable to agree on a date for tion in accordance with § 230.41 at each rescheduling, the inspection may be fifth annual inspection. performed as scheduled. (b) FRA notification. FRA Regional (c) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 Administrators shall be provided writ- days of conducting the 31 service day ten notice at least one month prior to inspection, the steam locomotive an annual inspection and shall be af- owner and/or operator shall file, for forded an opportunity to be present. If each steam locomotive inspected, a re- the Regional Administrator or their port of inspection (FRA Form No. 1), in delegate indicates a desire to be the place where the steam locomotive present, the steam locomotive owner is maintained and with the FRA Re- and/or operator will provide a sched- gional Administrator for that region. uled date and location for the inspec- When the report of annual inspection ( tion. Once scheduled, the inspection FRA Form No. 3), is filed, the FRA must be performed at the time and Form No. 1 does not have to be filed place specified, unless the Regional Ad- until the next 31 service day inspec- ministrator and the steam locomotive tion. (See appendix B of this part.) owner and/or operator mutually agree to reschedule. If the Regional Adminis- § 230.15 Ninety-two (92) service day in- trator requests the inspection be per- spection. formed on another date but the steam (a) General. An individual competent locomotive owner and/or operator and to conduct the inspection shall perform the Regional Administrator are unable the 92 service day inspection after the to agree on a date for rescheduling, the steam locomotive has accrued 92 inspection may be performed as sched- ‘‘service-days.’’ This inspection shall uled.

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(c) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 to show an FRA inspector upon re- days of completing the annual inspec- quest, a current copy of the service day tion, the steam locomotive owner and/ record that contains the number of or operator shall file, for each steam service days the steam locomotive has locomotive inspected, a report of in- accrued since the last 31, 92, Annual spection (FRA Form No. 3), in the and 1472 service day inspections. place where the steam locomotive is (b) Service day report. By the 31st of maintained and with the FRA Regional every January, every steam locomotive Administrator for that region. (See ap- owner and/or operator shall file a serv- pendix A of this part) ice day report, FRA Form No. 5, with the Regional Administrator accounting § 230.17 One thousand four hundred for the days the steam locomotive was seventy-two (1472) service day in- spection. in service from January 1 through De- cember 31st of the preceding year. If (a) General. Before any steam loco- the steam locomotive was in service motive is initially put in service or zero (0) days during that period, a re- brought out of retirement, and after port must still be filed to prevent the every 1472 service days or 15 years, steam locomotive from being consid- whichever is earlier, an individual ered retired by FRA. (See appendix B of competent to conduct the inspection this part.) shall inspect the entire boiler. In the (c) Retirement where no service day re- case of a new locomotive or a loco- ports filed. Where the steam locomotive motive being brought out of retire- owner and/or operator does not file the ment, the initial 15 year period shall required service day report for a steam begin on the day that the locomotive is locomotive, that steam locomotive placed in service or 365 calendar days may be considered retired by FRA. The after the first flue tube is installed in steam locomotive owner and/or oper- the locomotive, whichever comes first. ator must complete all 1472 service day This 1472 service day inspection shall inspection items to return a retired include all annual, and 5th annual, in- steam locomotive to service. spection requirements, as well as any items required by the steam loco- § 230.19 Posting of FRA Form No. 1 motive owner and/or operator or the and FRA Form No. 3. FRA inspector. At this time, the loco- motive owner and/or operator shall (a) FRA Form No. 1. The steam loco- complete, update and verify the loco- motive owner and/or operator shall motive specification card (FRA Form place a copy of the 31 and 92 service No. 4), to reflect the condition of the day inspection report (FRA Form No. boiler at the time of this inspection. 1), properly filled out, under trans- See appendices A and B of this part. parent cover in a conspicuous place in (b) Filing inspection reports. Within 30 the cab of the steam locomotive before days of completing the 1472 service day the inspected boiler is put into service. inspection, the steam locomotive This FRA Form No. 1 will not be re- owner and/or operator shall, for each quired for the first 31 service days fol- steam locomotive inspected, file in the lowing an annual inspection and the place where the steam locomotive is posting of an FRA Form No. 3. (See ap- maintained and with the FRA Regional pendix B of this part.) Administrator for that region a report (b) FRA Form No. 3. In addition to the of inspection (FRA Form No. 3), and a FRA Form No. 1, the steam locomotive completed FRA Form No.4. See appen- owner and/or operator shall also main- dix C of this part. tain in the cab a current copy of FRA Form No. 3 in the manner described in RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS paragraph (a) of this section. (See ap- pendix C of this part.) § 230.18 Service days. (a) Service day record. For every § 230.20 Alteration and repair report steam locomotive currently in service, for steam locomotive boilers. the steam locomotive owner and/or op- (a) Alterations. When an alteration is erator shall have available, and be able made to a steam locomotive boiler, the

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steam locomotive owner and/or oper- telephone report of the accident by ator shall file an alteration report calling the National Response Center (FRA Form No. 19), detailing the (toll free) at Area Code 800–424–0201. changes to the locomotive with the The report shall state the nature of the FRA Regional Administrator within 30 accident, the number of persons killed days from the date the work was com- or seriously injured, the place at which pleted. This form shall be attached to, it occurred, and the location where the and maintained with, the FRA Form steam locomotive may be inspected. No. 4 until such time as a new FRA Confirmation of this report shall be im- Form No. 4 reflecting the alteration is mediately mailed to the Associate Ad- submitted to the Regional Adminis- ministrator for Safety, Federal Rail- trator. Alteration reports shall be filed road Administration, Washington, DC and maintained for the life of the boil- 20590, and contain a detailed report of er. (See appendix B of this part.) the accident, including, to the extent (b) Welded and riveted repairs to known, the causes and a complete list unstayed portions of the boiler. Whenever of the casualties. welded or riveted repairs are performed on unstayed portions of a steam loco- Subpart B—Boilers and motive boiler, the steam locomotive Appurtenances owner and/or operator shall file with the FRA Regional Administrator, with- § 230.23 Responsibility for general con- in 30 days from the time the work was struction and safe working pres- completed, a repair report, FRA Form sure. No. 19, that details the work done to The steam locomotive owner and op- the steam locomotive. Repair reports erator are responsible for the general shall be filed and maintained for the design and construction of the steam life of the boiler. (See appendix B of locomotive boilers under their control. this part.) The steam locomotive owner shall es- (c) Welded and riveted repairs to stayed tablish the safe working pressure for portions of the boiler. Whenever welded each steam locomotive boiler, after or riveted repairs are performed on giving full consideration to the general stayed portions of a steam locomotive design, workmanship, age, and overall boiler, the steam locomotive owner condition of the complete boiler unit. and/or operator shall complete a repair The condition of the boiler unit shall report (FRA Form No. 19), detailing be determined by, among other factors, the work done. Repair reports shall be the minimum thickness of the shell maintained for the life of the boiler. plates, the lowest tensile strength of (See appendix C of this part.) the plates, the efficiency of the longi- tudinal joint, the inside diameter of § 230.21 Steam locomotive number the course, and the maximum allow- change. able stress value allowed. The steam When a steam locomotive number is locomotive operator shall not place the changed, the steam locomotive owner steam locomotive in service before en- and/or operator must reflect the suring that the steam locomotive’s safe change in the upper right-hand corner working pressure has been established. of all documentation related to the steam locomotive by showing the old ALLOWABLE STRESS and new numbers: Old No. 000 § 230.24 Maximum allowable stress. New No. XXX. (a) Maximum allowable stress value. The maximum allowable stress value § 230.22 Accident reports. on any component of a steam loco- In the case of an accident due to fail- motive boiler shall not exceed 1⁄4 of the ure, from any cause, of a steam loco- ultimate tensile strength of its mate- motive boiler or any part or appur- rial. tenance thereof, resulting in serious in- (b) Safety factor. When it is necessary jury or death to one or more persons, to use the code of original construction the railroad on whose line the accident in boiler calculations, the safety factor occurred shall immediately make a value shall not be less than 4.

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§ 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on paired in accordance with accepted in- stays and braces. dustry standards—which may include The maximum allowable stress per established railroad practices, or NBIC square inch of net cross sectional area or API established standards—before on fire box and combustion chamber the steam locomotive is returned to stays shall be 7,500 psi. The maximum service. The steam locomotive owner allowable stress per square inch of net and/or operator shall not return the cross sectional area on round, rectan- steam locomotive boiler or appur- gular, or gusset braces shall be 9,000 tenances to service unless they are in psi. good condition and safe and suitable for service. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (2) Any welding to unstayed portions of the boiler made pursuant to § 230.33 § 230.26 Tensile strength of shell shall be made in accordance with an plates. accepted national standard for boiler When the tensile strength of steel or repairs. The steam locomotive owner wrought-iron shell plates is not known, and/or operator shall not return the it shall be taken at 50,000 psi for steel steam locomotive boiler or appur- and 45,000 psi for wrought iron. tenances to service unless they are in good condition and safe and suitable § 230.27 Maximum shearing strength of for service. rivets. § 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. The maximum shearing strength of rivets per square inch of cross sectional Every boiler having lap-joint longitu- area shall be taken as follows: dinal seams without reinforcing plates shall have sufficient lagging, jack- Pounds eting, flues, and tubes removed at per Rivets square every annual inspection so that an in- inch spection of the entire joint, inside and Iron Rivets in Single Shear ...... 38,000 out, can be made, taking special care Iron Rivets in Double Shear ...... 76,000 to detect grooving or cracks at the Steel Rivets in Single Shear ...... 44,000 edges of the seams. Steel Rivets in Double Shear ...... 88,000 § 230.31 Flues to be removed. § 230.28 Higher shearing strength of (a) Inspection of the boiler interior. rivets. During the 1472 service day inspection, A higher shearing strength may be the steam locomotive owner and/or op- used for rivets when it can be shown erator shall remove all flues of steam through testing that the rivet material locomotive boilers in service, except as used is of such quality as to justify a provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- higher allowable shearing strength. tion, for the purpose of inspecting the entire interior of the boiler and its INSPECTION AND REPAIR bracing. After removing the flues, the steam locomotive owner and/or oper- § 230.29 Inspection and repair. ator shall enter the boiler to remove (a) Responsibility. The steam loco- scale from the interior and thoroughly motive owner and/or operator shall in- clean and inspect it. spect and repair all steam locomotive (b) NDE testing. If the boiler can be boilers and appurtenances under their thoroughly cleaned and inspected with- control. They shall immediately re- out removing the flues, move from service any boiler that has and it can be shown through appro- developed cracks in the barrel. The priate NDE testing methods that they steam locomotive owner and/or oper- are safe and suitable for service, their ator shall also remove the boiler from removal may not be required at this service whenever either of them, or the time. Their removal may be required, FRA inspector, considers it necessary however, if the FRA inspector, or the due to other defects. steam locomotive owner and/or oper- (b) Repair standards. (1) All defects ator, considers it necessary due to disclosed by inspection shall be re- identifiable safety concerns.

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§ 230.32 Time and method of inspec- welding on unstayed portions of the tion. boiler, the steam locomotive owner (a) Time of inspection. The entire boil- and/or operator shall submit a written er shall completely be inspected at the request for approval to the FRA Re- 1472 service day inspection. The jacket, gional Administrator. If the approval is lagging and any other components granted, the steam locomotive owner interfering with the provision of in- and/or operator shall perform any weld- spection access shall be removed at ing to unstayed portions of the boiler this time. Those portions of the boiler in accordance with an accepted na- that are exposed and able to be in- tional standard for boiler repairs. The spected as required by the daily, steam locomotive owner and/or oper- 31service day, annual and fifth annual ator shall satisfy reporting require- inspections shall be inspected at those ments in § 230.20 at this time. times. The interior of the boiler also (b) Unstayed portions of the boiler con- shall be inspected at each annual in- taining carbon steel not exceeding 0.25 spection, after the completion of any percent carbon. The steam locomotive hydrostatic test above MAWP, and owner and/or operator shall perform whenever a sufficient number of flues any welding to unstayed portions of are removed to allow examination. The the boiler in accordance with an ac- jacket, lagging and any other compo- cepted national standard for boiler re- nents shall also be removed to provide pairs. The steam locomotive owner inspection access whenever the FRA and/or operator shall satisfy reporting inspector, or the steam locomotive requirements in § 230.20 at this time. owner and/or operator, considers it nec- (c) Wastage. The steam locomotive essary due to identifiable safety con- owner and/or operator shall submit a cerns. written request for approval to the (b) Method of inspection—(1) Entire FRA Regional Administrator before boiler. During the 1472 service day in- performing weld build up on wasted spection, the entire boiler shall be ex- areas of unstayed surfaces of the boiler amined for cracks, pitting, grooving, or that exceed a total of 100 square inches indications of overheating and for dam- or the smaller of 25 percent of min- age where mud has collected, or heavy imum required wall thickness or 1/2 scale formed. The edges of plates, all inch. Wasted sheets shall not be re- laps, seams, and points where cracks paired by weld build up if the wasted and defects are likely to develop, shall sheet has been reduced to less than 60 be thoroughly inspected. Rivets shall percent of the minimum required be inspected for corrosion and loose- thickness as required by this part. ness. (d) Flush patches. The steam loco- (2) Boiler interior. When inspecting motive owner and/or operator shall the boiler interior, it must be seen that submit a written request for approval braces and stays are taut, that pins are to the FRA Regional Administrator for properly secured in place, and that the installation of flush patches of any each is in condition to support its pro- size on unstayed portions of the boiler. portion of the load. Washout plugs (e) Stayed portions of the boiler. The shall be removed for access and visual steam locomotive owner and/or oper- inspection of the water side of the fire- ator shall perform welded repairs or al- box sheets. Washout plug threads, terations on stayed portions of the sleeves and threaded openings shall be boiler in accordance with established examined at this time. railroad practices, or an accepted na- (3) Boiler exterior. A thorough inspec- tional standard for boiler repairs. The tion shall be made of the entire exte- steam locomotive owner and/or oper- rior of the boiler while under hydro- ator shall satisfy the reporting require- static pressure. ments in § 230.20 at this time.

§ 230.33 Welded repairs and alter- § 230.34 Riveted repairs and alter- ations. ations. (a) Unstayed portions of the boiler con- (a) Alterations to unstayed portions of taining alloy steel or carbon steel with a the boiler. Prior to making riveted al- carbon content over 0.25 percent. Prior to terations on unstayed portions of the

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boiler, the steam locomotive owner Fahrenheit each time it is subjected to and/or operator shall submit a written any hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic request for approval to the FRA Re- testing required by these rules shall be gional Administrator. If approval is conducted at 25 percent above the granted, the steam locomotive owner MAWP. and/or operator shall perform any riv- (c) Internal inspection. An internal in- eting to unstayed portions of the boiler spection of the boiler shall be con- in accordance with established railroad ducted following any hydrostatic test practices or an accepted national where the pressure exceeds MAWP. standard for boiler repairs. The steam locomotive owner and/or operator shall § 230.37 Steam test following repairs satisfy reporting requirements in or alterations. § 230.20 at this time. Upon completion of any repair or al- (b) Repairs to unstayed portions of the teration, the locomotive owner and/or boiler. The steam locomotive owner operator shall conduct a steam test of and/or operator shall perform any riv- the boiler with steam pressure raised eted repairs to unstayed portions of the to between 95 percent and 100 percent boiler in accordance with established of the MAWP. At this time, the boiler railroad practices, or an accepted na- shall be inspected to ensure that it is tional standard for boiler repairs. The in a safe and suitable condition for steam locomotive owner and/or oper- service. ator shall satisfy reporting require- ments in § 230.20 at this time. STAYBOLTS (c) Repairs to stayed portions of the boiler. The steam locomotive owner § 230.38 Telltale holes. and/or operator shall perform riveted (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. repairs or alterations on stayed por- All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, ex- tions of the boiler in accordance with cept flexible bolts, shall have telltale established railroad practices or an ac- holes 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch diameter and cepted national standard for boiler re- at least 11⁄4 inches deep in the outer pairs. The steam locomotive owner end. and/or operator shall satisfy reporting (b) Reduced body staybolts. On reduced requirements in § 230.20 at this time. body staybolts, the telltale hole shall PRESSURE TESTING OF BOILERS extend beyond the fillet and into the reduced section of the staybolt. § 230.35 Pressure testing. Staybolts may have through telltale The temperature of the steam loco- holes. motive boiler shall be raised to at least (c) Telltale holes kept open. All telltale 70 deg. F any time hydrostatic pressure holes, except as provided for in § 230.41, is applied to the boiler. must be kept open at all times.

§ 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. § 230.39 Broken staybolts. (a) Time of test. The locomotive owner (a) Maximum allowable number of bro- and/or operator shall hydrostatically ken staybolts. No boiler shall be allowed test every boiler at the following to remain in service with two broken times: staybolts located within 24 inches of (1) During the 1472 service day inspec- each other, as measured inside the fire- tion, and at every annual inspection box or combustion chamber on a thereafter; straight line. No boiler shall be allowed (2) After making any alteration to to remain in service with more than 4 the boiler; broken staybolts inside the entire fire- (3) After installing a flush patch on box and combustion chamber, com- an unstayed portion of the boiler; and bined. (4) After any riveting on an unstayed (b) Staybolt replacement. Broken portion of the boiler. staybolts must be replaced during the (b) Method of testing. The metal tem- 31 service day inspection, if detected at perature of the boiler shall be between that time. Broken staybolts detected 70 degrees Fahrenheit and 120 degrees in between 31 service day inspections

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must be replaced no later than 30 cal- be made with all the water drained endar days from the time of detection. from the boiler. When staybolts 8 inches or less in length are replaced, they shall be re- § 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps. placed with bolts that have telltale (a) General. Flexible staybolts with holes 3⁄16 inch to 7⁄32 inch in diameter caps shall have their caps removed dur- and at least 11⁄4 inches deep at each ing every 5th annual inspection for the end, or that have telltale holes 3⁄16 inch purpose of inspecting the bolts for to 7⁄32 inch in diameter their entire breakage, except as provided in para- length. At the time of replacement of graph (b) of this section. broken staybolts, adjacent staybolts (b) Drilled flexible staybolts. For flexi- shall be inspected. ble staybolts that have telltale holes (c) Assessment of broken staybolts. between 3⁄16 inch and 7⁄32 inch in diame- Telltale holes leaking, plugged, or ter, and which extend the entire length missing shall be counted as broken of the bolt and into the head not less staybolts. than one third of the diameter of the (d) Prohibited methods of closing telltale head, the steam locomotive owner and/ holes. Welding, forging, or riveting bro- or operator need not remove the ken staybolt ends is prohibited as a staybolt caps if it can be established, method of closing telltale holes. by an electrical or other suitable meth- od, that the telltale holes are open § 230.40 Time and method of staybolt their entire length. Any leakage from testing. these telltale holes during the hydro- (a) Time of hammer testing—(1) Gen- static test indicates that the bolt is eral. All staybolts shall be hammer broken and must be replaced. Before tested at every 31 service day inspec- the steam locomotive is placed in serv- tion, except as provided in paragraph ice, the inner ends of all telltale holes (a)(2) of this section. All staybolts also shall be closed with a fireproof porous shall be hammer tested under hydro- material that will keep the telltale static pressure any time hydrostatic holes free of foreign matter and permit pressure above the MAWP specified on steam or water to exit the telltale hole the boiler specification form (FRA when the bolt is broken or fractured. Form No. 4), is applied to the boiler. (c) Recordkeeping. The removal of (See appendix B of this part.) flexible staybolt caps and other tests (2) Exception for inaccessible shall be reported on FRA Form No. 3. staybolts. The removal of brickwork or (See appendix B of this part.) grate bearers for the purpose of ham- (d) Testing at request of FRA inspector. mer testing staybolts during each 31 Staybolt caps also shall be removed, or service day inspection will not be re- any of the tests in this section made, quired if the staybolts behind these whenever the FRA inspector or the structural impediments have a telltale steam locomotive owner and/or oper- hole 3/16 inch to 7/32 inch in diameter ator considers it necessary due to iden- their entire length. Whenever the tifiable safety concerns about the con- brickwork or grate bearers are re- dition of staybolts, staybolt caps or moved for any other reason, however, staybolt sleeves. the bolts shall be inspected at that time. STEAM GAUGES (b) Method of hammer testing. If staybolts are tested while the boiler § 230.42 Location of gauges. contains water, the hydrostatic pres- Every boiler shall have at least one sure must be not less than 95 percent of steam gauge which will correctly indi- the MAWP. The steam locomotive cate the working pressure. The gauge owner and/or operator shall tap each shall be positioned so that it will be bolt with a hammer and determine bro- kept reasonably cool and can conven- ken bolts from the sound or the vibra- iently be read by the engine crew. tion of the sheet. Whenever staybolts are tested while the boiler is not under § 230.43 Gauge siphon. pressure, such as during the 31 service The steam gauge supply pipe shall day inspection, the staybolt test must have a siphon on it of ample capacity

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to prevent steam from entering the nal number is known or the name of gauge. The supply pipe shall directly the steam locomotive owner if a new enter the boiler and be maintained number is assigned. steam tight. The supply pipe and its connections shall be cleaned each time SAFETY RELIEF VALVES the gauge is tested. § 230.48 Number and capacity. § 230.44 Time of testing. (a) Number and capacity. Every boiler Steam gauges shall be tested prior to shall be equipped with at least two being installed or being reapplied, dur- safety relief valves, suitable for the ing the 92 service day inspection, and service intended, that are capable of whenever any irregularity is reported. preventing an accumulation of pressure greater than 6 percent above the § 230.45 Method of testing. MAWP under any conditions of service. Steam gauges shall be compared with An FRA inspector may require an accurate test gauge or dead weight verification of sufficient tester. While under test load at the relieving capacity. MAWP of the boiler to which the gauge (b) Determination of capacity. Safety will be applied, the gauge shall be set relief valve capacity may be deter- to read that pressure as accurately as mined by making an accumulation test the physical limitations of the gauge with the fire in good, bright condition will allow. Under test the gauge shall and all steam outlets closed. Addi- read within the manufacturer’s toler- tional safety relief valve capacity shall ance at all points on the gauge up to 25 be provided if the safety relief valves percent above the allowed pressure. If allow an excess pressure of more than 6 the manufacturer’s tolerance is not percent above the MAWP during this known, the gauge must read within 2 percent full scale accuracy at all test. points on the gauge up to 25 percent § 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves. above allowed pressure. (a) Qualifications of individual who ad- § 230.46 Badge plates. justs. Safety relief valves shall be set A metal badge plate showing the al- and adjusted by a competent person lowed steam pressure shall be attached who is thoroughly familiar with the to the boiler backhead in the cab. If construction and operation of the valve boiler backhead is lagged, the lagging being set. and jacket shall be cut away so that (b) Opening pressures. At least one the plate can be seen. safety relief valve shall be set to open at a pressure not exceeding the MAWP. § 230.47 Boiler number. Safety relief valves shall be set to open (a) Generally. The builder’s number of at pressures not exceeding 6 psi above the boiler, if known, shall be stamped the MAWP. on the or manhole flange. (c) Setting procedures. When setting If the builder’s number cannot be ob- safety relief valves, two steam gauges tained, an assigned number, which shall be used, one of which must be so shall be used in making out specifica- located that it will be in full view of tion cards, shall be stamped on the the persons engaged in setting such steam dome or manhole flange. valves; and if the pressure indicated by (b) Numbers after January 10, 1912. the gauges varies more than 3 psi they Numbers which are stamped after Jan- shall be removed from the boiler, test- uary 10, 1912 shall be located on the ed, and corrected before the safety re- front side of the steam dome or man- lief valves are set. Gauges shall in all hole flange at the upper edge of the cases be tested immediately before the vertical surface, oriented in a hori- safety relief valves are set or any zontal manner, and have figures at change made in the setting. When set- least 3⁄8 inch high. ting safety relief valves, the water (c) Name of manufacturer or owner. level shall not be higher than 3⁄4 of the The number shall be preceded by the length of the visible water glass, as name of the manufacturer if the origi- measured from the bottom of the glass.

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(d) Labeling of lowest set pressure. The and closed by hand, without the aid of set pressure of the lowest safety relief a wrench or other tool. valve shall be indicated on a tag or label attached to the steam gauge so § 230.55 Tubular type water and lubri- that it may be clearly read while ob- cator glasses and shields. serving the steam gauge. (a) Water glasses. Tubular type water glasses shall be renewed at each 92 § 230.50 Time of testing. service day inspection. All safety relief valves shall be test- (b) Shields. All tubular water glasses ed, and adjusted if necessary, under and lubricator glasses must be steam at every 92 service day inspec- equipped with a safe and suitable shield tion, and also whenever any irregu- which will prevent the glass from fly- larity is reported. ing in case of breakage. This shield shall be properly maintained. WATER GLASSES AND GAUGE COCKS (c) Location and maintenance. Water § 230.51 Number and location. glasses and water glass shields shall be Every boiler shall be equipped with so located, constructed, and main- at least two water glasses. The lowest tained that the engine crew can at all reading of the water glasses shall not times have an unobstructed view of the be less than 3 inches above the highest water in the glass from their proper po- part of the crown sheet. If gauge cocks sitions in the cab. are used, the reading of the lowest gauge cock shall not be less than 3 § 230.56 Water glass lamps. inches above the highest part of the All water glasses must be supplied crown sheet. with a suitable lamp properly located to enable the engine crew to easily see § 230.52 Water glass valves. the water in the glass. All water glasses shall be equipped with no more than two valves capable INJECTORS, FEEDWATER PUMPS, AND of isolating the water glass from the FLUE PLUGS boiler. They shall also be equipped with a drain valve capable of evacuating the § 230.57 Injectors and feedwater glass when it is so isolated. pumps. (a) Water delivery systems required. § 230.53 Time of cleaning. Each steam locomotive must be The spindles of all water glass valves equipped with at least two means of de- and of all gauge cocks shall be removed livering water to the boiler, at least and valves and cocks thoroughly one of which is a live steam . cleaned of scale and sediment at every (b) Maintenance and testing. Injectors 31 service day inspection, and when and feedwater pumps must be kept in testing indicates that the apparatus good condition, free from scale, and may be malfunctioning. In addition, must be tested at the beginning of each the top and bottom passages of the day the locomotive is used, and as water column shall be cleaned and in- often as conditions require, to ensure spected at each annual inspection. that they are delivering water to the boiler. Boiler checks, delivery pipes, § 230.54 Testing and maintenance. feed water pipes, tank hose and tank (a) Testing. All water glasses must be valves must be kept in good condition, blown out, all gauge cocks must be free from leaks and from foreign sub- tested, and all passages verified to be stances that would obstruct the flow of open at the beginning of each day the water. locomotive is used, and as often as nec- (c) Bracing. Injectors, feedwater essary to ensure proper functioning. pumps, and all associated piping shall (b) Maintenance. Gauge cocks, water be securely braced so as to minimize column drain valves, and water glass valves must be maintained in such con- vibration. dition that they can easily be opened

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§ 230.58 Flue plugs. § 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and thermic siphons. (a) When plugging is permitted. Flues greater than 21⁄4 inches in outside di- (a) Frequency of cleaning. Each time ameter (OD) shall not be plugged. Flues the boiler is washed, arch tubes and water bar tubes shall thoroughly be 21⁄4 inches in outside diameter (OD) or smaller may be plugged following fail- cleaned mechanically, washed, and in- ure, provided only one flue is plugged spected. Circulators and thermic si- phons shall thoroughly be cleaned, at any one time. Plugs must be re- washed and inspected. moved and proper repairs made no (b) Defects. Arch tubes and water bar later than 30 days from the time the tubes found blistered, bulged, or other- plug is applied. wise defective shall be renewed. (b) Method of plugging. When used, Circulators and thermic siphons found flue plugs must be made of steel. The blistered, bulged or otherwise defective flue must be plugged at both ends. shall be either repaired or renewed. Plugs must be tied together by means (c) Method of examination. Arch tubes, of a steel rod not less than 5⁄8 inch in water bar tubes and circulators shall diameter. be examined using an appropriate NDE method that accurately measures wall FUSIBLE PLUGS thickness at each annual inspection. All arch brick shall be removed for this § 230.59 Fusible plugs. inspection. If any are found with wall If boilers are equipped with fusible thickness reduced below that required plugs, the plugs shall be removed and to render them safe and suitable for cleaned of scale each time the boiler is the service intended at the MAWP washed but not less frequently than specified on the boiler specification during every 31 service day inspection. FRA Form No. 4, they must be replaced Their removal shall be noted on the or repaired. (See appendix B of this FRA Form No. 1 or FRA Form No. 3. part.) (See appendix B of this part.) STEAM PIPES

WASHING BOILERS § 230.62 Dry pipe. § 230.60 Time of washing. Dry pipes subject to pressure shall be examined at each annual inspection to (a) Frequency of washing. All boilers measure wall thickness. Dry pipes with shall thoroughly be washed as often as wall thickness reduced below that re- the water conditions require, but not quired to render the pipe suitable for less frequently than at each 31 service the service intended at the MAWP day inspection. The date of the boiler must be replaced or repaired. wash shall be noted on the FRA Form No. 1 or FRA Form No. 3. (See appendix § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and B of this part.) pressure parts. (b) Plug removal. All washout plugs, The smoke box, steam pipes and pres- arch tube plugs, plugs, sure parts shall be inspected at each circulator plugs and water bar plugs annual inspection, or any other time must be removed whenever locomotive that conditions warrant. The indi- boilers are washed. vidual conducting the inspection must (c) Plug maintenance. All washout enter the smoke box to conduct the in- plugs, washout plug sleeves and thread- spection, looking for signs of leaks from any of the pressure parts therein ed openings shall be maintained in a and examining all draft appliances. safe and suitable condition for service and shall be examined for defects each STEAM LEAKS time the plugs are removed. (d) Fusible plugs cleaned. Fusible § 230.64 Leaks under lagging. plugs shall be cleaned in accordance The steam locomotive owner and/or with § 230.59. operator shall take out of service at once any boiler that has developed a

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leak under the lagging due to a crack ASH PANS in the shell, or to any other condition which may reduce safety. Pursuant to § 230.69 Ash pans. § 230.29, the boiler must be repaired be- Ash pans shall be securely supported fore being returned to service. from mud-rings or frames with no part less than 21⁄2 inches above the rail. § 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine crew. Their operating mechanism shall be so arranged that they may be safely oper- The steam locomotive owner and/or ated and securely closed. operator shall keep the boiler, and its piping and appurtenances, in such re- BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT pair that they do not emit steam in a manner that obscures the engine crew’s § 230.70 Safe condition. vision. (a) Pre-departure inspection. At the be- ginning of each day the locomotive is Subpart C—Steam Locomotives used, the steam locomotive operator and Tenders shall ensure that: § 230.66 Design, construction, and (1) The brakes on the steam loco- maintenance. motive and tender are in safe and suit- The steam locomotive owner and op- able condition for service; erator are responsible for the general (2) The air compressor or compres- design, construction and maintenance sors are in condition to provide an of the steam locomotives and tenders ample supply of air for the locomotive under their control. service intended; (3) The devices for regulating all § 230.67 Responsibility for inspection pressures are properly performing their and repairs. functions; The steam locomotive owner and/or (4) The brake valves work properly in operator shall inspect and repair all all positions; and steam locomotives and tenders under (5) The water has been drained from their control. All defects disclosed by the air-brake system. any inspection shall be repaired in ac- (b) Brake pipe valve required. Each cordance with accepted industry stand- steam locomotive shall have a brake ards, which may include established pipe valve attached to the front of the railroad practices, before the steam lo- tender, the rear of the back cab wall, comotive or tender is returned to serv- or adjacent to the exit of a vestibuled ice. The steam locomotive owner and/ cab. The words ‘‘Emergency Brake or operator shall not return the steam Valve’’ shall be clearly displayed near locomotive or tender to service unless the valve. they are in good condition and safe and suitable for service. § 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. SPEED INDICATORS (a) Frequency of testing. The com- pressor or compressors shall be tested § 230.68 Speed indicators. for capacity by orifice test as often as Steam locomotives that operate at conditions may require, but not less speeds in excess of 20 miles per hour frequently than once every 92 service over the general system of railroad days. transportation shall be equipped with (b) Orifice testing criteria. (1) Compres- speed indicators. Where equipped, sors in common use, as listed in the speed indicators shall be maintained to following table, shall have orifice test ensure accurate functioning. criteria as follows:

Diameter of Air pressure Make Compressor size Single strokes orifice maintained per minute (in inches) (in pounds)

Westinghouse ...... 91⁄2 ...... 120 11⁄64 60 Westinghouse ...... 11 ...... 100 3⁄16 60 Westinghouse ...... 150 CFM 81⁄2 CC ...... 100 9⁄32 60

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Diameter of Air pressure Make Compressor size Single strokes orifice maintained per minute (in inches) (in pounds)

Westinghouse ...... 120 CFM 81⁄2 ...... 100 15⁄64 60 New York ...... 2a ...... 120 5⁄32 60 New York ...... 6a ...... 100 13⁄64 60 New York ...... 5b ...... 100 15⁄64 60

NOTE: This table shall be used for altitudes to and including 1,000 feet. For altitudes over 1,000 feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase in altitude.

(2) For compressors not listed in the shall have penetrated the interior of table in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, any reservoir, the reservoir shall be the air pressure to be maintained shall permanently withdrawn from service. be no less than 80 percent of the manu- (c) Welded main reservoirs without lon- facturer’s rated capacity for the com- gitudinal lap seams. For welded main pressor. reservoirs that do not have longitu- dinal lap seams, an appropriate NDE § 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. method that can measure the wall (a) Hammer and hydrostatic testing. thickness of the reservoir may be used Except as described in paragraphs (b) instead of the hammer test and hydro- through (d) of this section, every main static test required in paragraph (a) of reservoir, except those cast integrally this section. The spacing of the sam- with the frame, shall be hammer and pling points for wall thickness shall hydrostatically tested during each an- not be greater than 12 inches longitu- nual inspection. The reservoir shall be dinally and circumferentially. The res- hammer tested while empty and with ervoir shall permanently be withdrawn no pressure applied. If no defective from service where the NDE testing re- areas are detected, a hydrostatic test veals wall thickness less than the value of MAWP shall be applied. determined by the following formula: (b) Drilling of main reservoirs. (1) Only t=(PR/(S¥.6P) welded main reservoir originally con- structed to withstand at least five Where: times the MAWP may be drilled over t = Minimum value for wall thickness; its entire surface with telltale holes P = Certified working pressure in psi; 3 that are ⁄16 of an inch in diameter. The S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile holes shall be spaced not more than 12 strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 psi inches apart, measured both longitu- if the tensile strength is unknown; and dinally and circumferentially, and R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. drilled from the outer surface to an ex- (d) Welded or riveted longitudinal lap treme depth determined by the fol- seam main reservoirs. (1) For welded or lowing formula: riveted longitudinal lap seam main res- D=(.6PR/(S¥.6P)) ervoirs, an appropriate NDE method that can measure wall thickness of the Where: reservoir shall be used instead of, or in D = Extreme depth of telltale holes in inches addition to, the hammer test and hy- but in no case less than one-sixteenth inch; P = certified working pressure in psi; drostatic test. The spacing of the sam- pling points for wall thickness shall S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile strength of the material in psi; and not be greater than 12 inches longitu- R = inside radius of the reservoir in inches. dinally and circumferentially. Par- ticular care shall be taken to measure (2) One row of holes shall be drilled along the longitudinal seam on both lengthwise of the reservoir on a line plates at an interval of no more than 6 intersecting the drain opening. When inches longitudinally. The reservoir main reservoirs are drilled as described shall be withdrawn permanently from in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the service where NDE testing reveals wall hydrostatic and hammer tests de- thickness less than the value deter- scribed in paragraph (a) of this section mined by the following formula: are not required during the annual in- spection. Whenever any telltale hole t=(PR/(0.5S¥0.6P))

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Where: Maximum Type of wheel brake piston travel t = Minimum value for wall thickness; (in inches) P = Certified working pressure in psi; 1 1 S = ⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile Cam Type Brake ...... 3 ⁄2 strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 psi Other forms of Driving Wheel Brake ...... 6 if the tensile strength of steel is unknown; Engine Truck Brake ...... 8 and Tender Brake ...... 9 R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. (2) Repairs of reservoirs with reduced § 230.77 Foundation brake gear. wall thickness are prohibited. (a) Maintenance. Foundation brake gear shall be maintained in a safe and § 230.73 Air gauges. suitable condition for service. Levers, (a) Location. Air gauges shall be so lo- rods, brake beams, hangers, and pins cated that they may be conveniently shall be of ample strength, and shall read by the engineer from his or her not be fouled in any way which will af- usual position in the cab. No air gauge fect the proper operation of the brake. may be more than 3 psi in error. All pins shall be properly secured in (b) Frequency of testing. Air gauges place with cotter pine, split keys, or shall be tested prior to reapplication nuts. Brake shoes must be properly ap- following removal, as well as during plied and kept approximately in line the 92 service day inspection and when- with the tread of the wheel. ever any irregularity is reported. (b) Distance above the rails. No part of (c) Method of testing. Air gauges shall the foundation brake gear of the steam be tested using an accurate test gauge locomotive or tender shall be less than or dead weight tester designed for this 21⁄2 inches above the rails. purpose. § 230.78 Leakage. § 230.74 Time of cleaning. (a) Main reservoirs and related piping. All valves in the air brake system, Leakage from main reservoir and re- including related dirt collectors and lated piping shall be tested at every 92 filters, shall be cleaned and tested in service day inspection and shall not ex- accordance with accepted brake equip- ceed an average of 3 psi per minute in ment manufacturer’s specifications, or a test of 3 minutes duration that is as often as conditions require to main- made after the pressure has been re- tain them in a safe and suitable condi- duced to 60 percent of the maximum tion for service, but not less frequently operating pressure. than after 368 service days or during (b) Brake cylinders. Leakage from the second annual inspection, which- brake cylinders shall be tested at every ever occurs first. 92 service day inspection. With a full service application from maximum § 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and brake pipe pressure, and with commu- cleaning. nication to the brake cylinders closed, The date of testing and cleaning and the brakes on the steam locomotive the initials of the shop or station at and tender must remain applied for a which the work is done, shall legibly be minimum of 5 minutes. stenciled in a conspicuous place on the (c) Brake pipes. Steam locomotive tested parts or placed on a card dis- brake pipe leakage shall be tested at played under a transparent cover in the the beginning of each day the loco- cab of the steam locomotive. motive is used, and shall not exceed 5 psi per minute. § 230.76 Piston travel. (a) Minimum piston travel. The min- § 230.79 Train signal system. imum piston travel shall be sufficient Where utilized, the train signal sys- to provide proper brake shoe clearance tem, or any other form of on-board when the brakes are released. communication, shall be tested and (b) Maximum piston travel. The max- known to be in safe and suitable condi- imum piston travel when steam loco- tion for service at the beginning of motive is standing shall be as follows: each day the locomotive is used.

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CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND doors on all oil-burning locomotives LIGHTS shall be latched securely with a pin or key. § 230.80 Cabs. (b) Mechanically operated fire doors. (a) General provisions. Cabs shall be Mechanically operated fire doors shall securely attached or braced and main- be so constructed and maintained that tained in a safe and suitable condition they may be operated by pressure of for service. Cab windows of steam loco- the foot on a pedal, or other suitable motives shall provide an undistorted appliance, located on the floor of the view of the track and signals for the cab or tender at a suitable distance crew from their normal position in the from the fire door, so that they may be cab. Cab floors shall be kept free of conveniently operated by the person tripping or slipping hazards. The cab firing the steam locomotive. climate shall be maintained to provide (c) Hand-operated doors. Hand oper- an environment that does not unrea- ated fire doors shall be so constructed sonably interfere with the engine and maintained that they may be con- crew’s performance of their duties veniently operated by the person firing under ordinary conditions of service. the steam locomotive. (b) Steam pipes. Steam pipes shall not be fastened to the cab. New construc- § 230.83 Cylinder cocks. tion or renewals made of iron or steel Each steam locomotive shall be pipe greater than 1⁄8 inch NPS that are equipped with cylinder cocks which can subject to boiler pressure in cabs shall be operated from the cab of the steam have a minimum wall thickness equiv- locomotive. All cylinder cocks shall be alent to schedule 80 pipe, with properly maintained in a safe and suitable con- rated valves and fittings. Live steam dition for service. heating radiators must not be fastened to the cab. Exhaust steam radiators § 230.84 Sanders. may be fastened to the cab. Steam locomotives shall be equipped (c) Oil-burning steam locomotives. If with operable sanders that deposit sand the cab is enclosed, oil burning steam on the rail head in front of a set of locomotives that take air for combus- driving wheels. Sanders shall be tested tion through the fire-door opening at the beginning of each day the loco- shall have a suitable conduit extending motive is used. from the fire-door to the outside of the cab. § 230.85 Audible warning device. (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- § 230.81 Cab aprons. comotive shall be equipped with an au- (a) General provisions. Cab aprons dible warning device that produces a shall be of proper length and width to minimum sound level of 96db(A) at 100 ensure safety. Cab aprons shall be se- feet in front of the steam locomotive in curely hinged, maintained in a safe and its direction of travel. The device shall suitable condition for service, and be arranged so that it may conven- roughened, or other provision made, to iently be operated by the engineer from afford secure footing. his or her normal position in the cab. (b) Width of apron. The cab apron (b) Method of measurement. Measure- shall be of a sufficient width to pre- ment of the sound level shall be made vent, when the drawbar is disconnected using a sound level meter conforming, and the safety chains or the safety bars at a minimum, to the requirements of are taut, the apron from dropping be- ANSI S1.4–1971, Type 2, and set to an A- tween the steam locomotive and ten- weighted slow response. While the der. steam locomotive is on level, tangent track, the microphone shall be posi- § 230.82 Fire doors. tioned 4 feet above the ground at the (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- center line of the track and shall be comotive shall have a fire door which oriented with respect to the sound shall latch securely when closed and source in accordance with the micro- which shall be maintained in a safe and phone manufacturer’s recommenda- suitable condition for service. Fire tions.

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§ 230.86 Required illumination. § 230.89 Reverse gear. (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- (a) General provisions. Reverse gear, comotive used between sunset and sun- reverse levers, and quadrants shall be rise shall be equipped with an operable maintained in a safe and suitable con- headlight that provides illumination dition for service. Reverse lever latch sufficient for a steam locomotive engi- shall be so arranged that it can be eas- neer in the cab to see, in a clear atmos- ily disengaged, and provided with a phere, a dark object as large as a man spring which will keep it firmly seated of average size standing at least 800 in quadrant. Proper counterbalance feet ahead and in front of such head- shall be provided for the . light. If a steam locomotive is regu- (b) Air-operated power reverse gear. larly required to run backward for any Steam locomotives that are equipped portion of its trip other than to pick up with air operated power reverse gear a detached portion of its train or to shall be equipped with a connection make terminal movements, it shall whereby such gear may be operated by also be equipped on its rear end with an steam or by an auxiliary supply of air operable headlight that is capable of in case of failure of the main reservoir providing the illumination described in air pressure. The operating valve han- this paragraph (a). dle for such connection shall be con- (b) Dimming device. Such headlights veniently located in the cab of the lo- shall be provided with a device whereby comotive and shall be plainly marked. the light from same may be diminished If an independent air reservoir is used in yards and at stations or when meet- as the source of the auxiliary supply ing trains. for the reverse gear, it shall be pro- (c) Where multiple locomotives utilized. vided with means to automatically pre- When two or more locomotives are vent loss of pressure in event of failure used in the same train, the leading lo- of the main reservoir air pressure. comotive only will be required to dis- (c) Power reverse gear reservoirs. Power play a headlight. reverse gear reservoirs, if provided, must be equipped with the means to § 230.87 Cab lights. automatically prevent the loss of pres- Each steam locomotive shall have sure in the event of a failure of main cab lights that sufficiently illuminate air pressure and have storage capacity the control instruments, meters and for not less than one complete oper- gauges to allow the engine crew to ating cycle of control equipment. make accurate readings from their usual and proper positions in the cab. DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS These lights shall be so located and constructed that the light will shine § 230.90 Draw gear between steam lo- only on those parts requiring illumina- comotive and tender. tion and does not interfere with the en- (a) Maintenance and testing. The draw gine crew’s vision of the track and sig- gear between the steam locomotive and nals. Each steam locomotive shall also tender, together with the pins and fas- have a conveniently located additional tenings, shall be maintained in safe lamp that can be readily turned on and and suitable condition for service. The off by the persons operating the steam pins and drawbar shall be removed and locomotive and that provides sufficient tested for defects using an appropriate illumination to read train orders and NDE method at every annual inspec- timetables. tion. Where visual inspection does not disclose any defects, an additional NDE THROTTLES AND REVERSING GEAR testing method shall be employed. Suitable means for securing the draw- § 230.88 Throttles. bar pins in place shall be provided. In- Throttles shall be maintained in safe verted drawbar pins shall be held in and suitable condition for service, and place by plate or stirrup. efficient means shall be provided to (b) Safety bars and chains generally. hold the throttle lever in any desired One or more safety bar(s) or two or position. more safety chains shall be provided

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between the steam locomotive and ten- 5⁄16 inch lateral clearance between der. The combined strength of the safe- crossheads and guides. ty chains or safety bar(s) and their fas- tenings shall be not less than 50 per- § 230.95 Guides. cent of the strength of the drawbar and Guides shall be securely fastened and its connections. These shall be main- maintained in a safe and suitable con- tained in safe and suitable condition dition for service. for service, and inspected at the same time draw gear is inspected. § 230.96 Main, side, and valve motion (c) Minimum length of safety chains or rods. bars. Safety chains or safety bar(s) shall be of the minimum length con- (a) General. Main, side or valve mo- sistent with the curvature of the rail- tion rods developing cracks or becom- road on which the steam locomotive is ing otherwise defective shall be re- operated. moved from service immediately and (d) Lost motion. Lost motion between repaired or renewed. steam locomotives and tenders not (b) Repairs. Repairs, and welding of equipped with spring buffers shall be main, side or valve motion rods shall kept to a minimum and shall not ex- be made in accordance with an accept- ceed 1⁄2 inch. ed national standard. The steam loco- (e) Spring buffers. When spring buffers motive owner and/or operator shall are used between steam locomotives submit a written request for approval and tenders the spring shall be applied to the FRA Regional Administrator with not less than 3⁄4 inch compression, prior to welding defective main rods, and shall at all times be under suffi- side rods, and valve gear components. cient compression to keep the chafing (c) Bearings and bushings. Bearings faces in contact. and bushings shall so fit the rods as to be in a safe and suitable condition for § 230.91 Chafing irons. service, and means shall be provided to Chafing irons that permit proper prevent bushings from turning in the curving shall be securely attached to rod. Straps shall fit and be securely the steam locomotive and tender, and bolted to rods. Floating bushings need shall be maintained to permit lateral not be provided with means to prevent and vertical movement. bushings from turning. (d) Side motion of rods. The total § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. amount of side motion of each rod on Couplers, draft gear and attachments its crank pin shall not exceed 1⁄4 inch. on steam locomotives and tenders shall (e) Oil and grease cups. Oil and grease be securely fastened, and maintained in cups shall be securely attached to rods, safe and suitable condition for service. and grease cup plugs shall be equipped with a suitable fastening that will pre- DRIVING GEAR vent them from being ejected. § 230.93 Pistons and piston rods. (f) Main rod bearings. The of (a) Maintenance and testing. Pistons main rod bearings shall not exceed pin 3 and piston rods shall be maintained in diameters more than ⁄32 inch at front safe and suitable condition for service. or back end. The total lost motion at 5 Piston rods shall be inspected for both ends shall not exceed ⁄32 inch. cracks each time they are removed, (g) Side rod bearings. The bore of side and shall be renewed if found defective. rod bearings shall not exceed pin diam- (b) Fasteners. Fasteners (keys, nuts, eters more than 5⁄32 inch on main pin etc.) shall be kept tight and shall have nor more than 3⁄16 inch on other pins. some means to prevent them from loos- ening or falling out of place. § 230.97 Crank pins. (a) General provisions. Crank pins § 230.94 Crossheads. shall be securely applied. Securing the Crossheads shall be maintained in a fit of a loose crank pin by shimming, safe and suitable condition for service, prick punching, or welding is not per- with not more than 1⁄4 inch vertical or mitted.

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(b) Maintenance. Crank pin collars (4) Seams in axles causing journals to and collar fasteners shall be main- run hot; tained in a safe and suitable condition (5) Axles that are unsafe on account for service. of usage, accident or derailment; (6) Any worn 1⁄2 inch or more in RUNNING GEAR diameter below the original/new jour- § 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine nal diameter, except as provided in truck axles. paragraph (a)(7) of this section; (a) Condemning defects. Driving, trail- (7) Any driving axles other than main ing, and engine truck axles with any of driving axles with an original or new the following defects shall be removed diameter greater than 6 inches that are from service immediately and repaired worn 3⁄4 inch or more in diameter below (see appendix A of this part for inspec- the original/new diameter. tion requirements): (b) Journal diameter stamped. For (1) Bent axle; steam locomotives with plain bearings, (2) Cut journals that cannot be made the original/new journal diameter shall to run cool without turning; be stamped on one end of the axle no (3) Transverse seams in iron or steel later than January 18, 2005. axles;

§ 230.99 Tender truck axles. The minimum diameters of axles for various axle loads shall be as follows:

Minimum Minimum Minimum diameter of diameter of diameter of Axle load (in pounds) journal wheel seat center (in inches) (in inches) (in inches)

50000 ...... 51⁄2 73⁄8 67⁄16 38000 ...... 5 63⁄4 57⁄8 31000 ...... 41⁄2 61⁄4 55⁄16 22000 ...... 33⁄4 543⁄8 15000 ...... 31⁄4 45⁄8 37⁄8

§ 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles (2) Seams in axles causing journals to and journals. run hot; (a) Tender truck axle condemning de- (3) Overheating, as evidenced by pro- fects. Tender truck axles with any of nounced blue black discoloration; the following defects shall be removed (4) Transverse seams in journals of from service immediately and repaired: iron or steel axles; or (1) Axles that are bent; (5) Journal surfaces having any of the (2) Collars that are broken, cracked, following: or worn to 1⁄4 inch or less in thickness; (i) A circumferential score; (3) Truck axles that are unsafe on ac- (ii) Corrugation; count of usage, accident, or derail- (iii) Pitting; ment; (iv) Rust; (4) A fillet in the back shoulder that (v) Etching. is worn out; or (5) A gouge between the wheel seats § 230.101 Steam locomotive driving that is more than 1⁄8 of an inch in journal boxes. depth. (b) Tender truck journal condemning (a) Driving journal boxes. Driving jour- defects. Tender truck journals with any nal boxes shall be maintained in a safe of the following defects shall be re- and suitable condition for service. Not moved from service immediately and more than one shim may be used be- repaired : tween the box and bearing. (1) Cut journals that cannot be made (b) Broken bearings. Broken bearings to run cool without turning; shall be renewed.

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(c) Loose bearings. Loose bearings § 230.105 Lateral motion. shall be repaired or renewed. (a) Condemning limits. The total lat- eral motion or play between the hubs § 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes. of the wheels and the boxes on any pair of wheels shall not exceed the following Plain bearing journal boxes with the limits: following defects shall be removed from service immediately and repaired: Inches (a) A box that does not contain visi- Engine truck wheels (with swing centers) ...... 1 ble free oil; Engine truck wheels (with rigid centers) ...... 11⁄2 (b) A box lid that is missing, broken, Trailing truck wheels ...... 1 3 or open except to receive servicing; Driving wheels ...... ⁄4 (c) A box containing foreign matter, (b) Limits increased. These limits may such as dirt, sand, or coal dust that can be increased on steam locomotives op- reasonably be expected to damage the erating on track where the curvature bearing; or have a detrimental effect exceeds 20 degrees when it can be on the lubrication of the journal and shown that conditions require addi- bearing; tional lateral motion. (d) A lubricating pad that: (c) Non-interference with other parts. (1) Is missing; The lateral motion shall in all cases be (2) Is not in contact with the journal; kept within such limits that the driv- (3) Has a tear extending half the ing wheels, rods, or crank pins will not length or width of the pad, or more, ex- interfere with other parts of the steam cept by design; locomotive. (4) Shows evidence of having been scorched, burned, or glazed; TRUCKS, FRAMES AND EQUALIZING (5) Contains decaying or deteriorated SYSTEM fabric that impairs proper lubrication § 230.106 Steam locomotive frame. of the pad; (6) Has an exposed center core (except (a) Maintenance and inspection. by design); or Frames, decks, plates, tailpieces, ped- (7) Has metal parts contacting the estals, and braces shall be maintained journal; in a safe and suitable condition for (e) A plain bearing that: service, and shall be cleaned and thor- (1) Is missing, cracked, broken; oughly inspected as often as necessary to maintain in a safe and suitable con- (2) Has a bearing liner loose; dition for service with cleaning inter- (3) Has a broken out piece; or vals, in any case, not to exceed every (4) Has indications of having been 1472 service days. overheated, as evidenced by: (b) Broken frames. Broken frames (i) Melted babbitt: properly patched or secured by clamps (ii) Smoke from hot oil; or or other suitable means which restores (iii) Journal surface damage; or the rigidity of the frame are permitted. (f) A plain bearing wedge that: (1) Is missing, cracked or broken; or § 230.107 Tender frame and body. (2) Is not located in its design posi- (a) Maintenance. Tender frames shall tion. be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. § 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal (b) Height difference. The difference in boxes. height between the deck on the tender Tender roller bearing journal boxes and the cab floor or deck on the steam shall be maintained in a safe and suit- locomotive shall not exceed 11⁄2 inches. able condition. (c) Gangway minimum width. The min- imum width of the gangway between § 230.104 Driving box shoes and steam locomotive and tender, while wedges. standing on tangent track, shall be 16 Driving box shoes and wedges shall inches. be maintained in a safe and suitable (d) Tender frame condemning defects. A condition for service. tender frame with any of the following

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defects shall be removed from service be taken out of service immediately immediately and repaired: and renewed or properly repaired: (1) Portions of the tender frame or (1) An elliptical spring with its top body (except wheels) that have less (long) leaf or any other five leaves in than a 21⁄2 inches clearance from the the entire spring pack broken; top of rail; (2) A broken coil spring or saddle; (2) Tender center sill that is broken, (3) A coil spring that is fully com- cracked more than 6 inches, or perma- pressed; nently bent or buckled more than 21⁄2 (4) A broken or cracked equalizer, inches in any six foot length; hanger, bolt, gib or pin; (3) Tender coupler carrier that is bro- (5) A broken coil spring saddle; and ken or missing; (6) A semi-elliptical spring with a top (4) Tender center plate, any portion (long) leaf broken or two leaves in the of which is missing or broken or that is top half broken, or any three leaves in not properly secured; or the entire spring broken. (5) Tender that has a broken side sill, (d) Tender securing arrangement. crossbearer, or body bolster. Where equipped, tender devices and/or securing arrangements intended to pre- § 230.108 Steam locomotive leading vent the truck and tender body from and trailing trucks. separating in case of derailment shall (a) Maintenance. Trucks shall be be maintained in a safe and suitable maintained in safe and suitable condi- condition for service. tion for service. Center plates shall fit (e) Side bearings and truck centering properly, and the male center plate devices. Where equipped, side bearings shall extend into the female center and truck centering devices shall be plate not less than 3⁄4 inch. All cen- maintained in a safe and suitable con- tering devices shall be properly main- dition for service. tained and shall not permit lost motion (f) Friction side bearings. Friction side in excess of 1⁄2 inch. bearings shall not be run in contact, (b) Safety chain required. A suitable and shall not be considered to be in safety chain shall be provided at each contact if there is clearance between front corner of all four wheel engine them on either side when measured on trucks. tangent level track. (c) Clearance required. All parts of (g) Side bearings. All rear trucks shall trucks shall have sufficient clearance be equipped with side bearings. When to prevent them from interfering with the spread of side bearings is 50 inches, any other part of the steam loco- their maximum clearance shall be 3⁄8 motive. inch on each side for rear trucks and 3⁄4 inch on each side for front trucks, § 230.109 Tender trucks. where used. When the spread of the side (a) Tender truck frames. A tender bearings is increased, the maximum truck frame shall not be broken, or clearance shall be increased propor- have a crack in a stress area that af- tionately. fects its structural integrity. Tender truck center plates shall be securely § 230.110 Pilots. fastened, maintained in a safe and suit- (a) General provisions. Pilots shall be able condition for service, and provided securely attached, properly braced, and with a center pin properly secured. The maintained in a safe and suitable con- male center plate must extend into the dition for service. female center plate at least 3⁄4 inch. (b) Minimum and maximum clearance. Shims may be used between truck cen- The minimum clearance of pilot above ter plates. the rail shall be 3 inches and the max- (b) Tender truck bolsters. Truck bol- imum clearance shall be 6 inches meas- sters shall be maintained approxi- ured on tangent level track. mately level. (c) Condemning defects for springs or § 230.111 Spring rigging. spring rigging. Springs or spring rigging (a) Arrangement of springs and equal- with any of the following defects shall izers. Springs and equalizers shall be

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arranged to ensure the proper distribu- on the same axle shall not vary more tion of weight to the various wheels of than 3⁄32 inch. the steam locomotive, maintained ap- (b) Gage. Wheels used on standard proximately level and in a safe and gage track will be out of gage if the in- suitable condition for service. Adjust- side gage of flanges, measured on base ing weights by shifting weights from line is less than 53 inches or more than one pair of wheels to another is permis- 533⁄8 inches. Wheels used on less than sible. standard gage track will be out of gage (b) Spring or spring rigging condemning if the inside gage of flanges, measured defects. Springs or spring rigging with on base line, is less than the relevant any of the following defects shall be re- track gage less 31⁄2 inches or more than moved from service immediately and the relevant track gage less 31⁄8 inches. renewed or properly repaired: (c) Flange distance variance. The dis- (1) Top leaf broken or two leaves in tance back to back of flanges of wheels top half or any three leaves in spring mounted on the same axle shall not broken. (The long side of a spring to be vary more than 1⁄4 inch. considered the top.) Broken springs not (d) Tire thickness. Wheels may not exceeding these requirements may be have tires with a minimum thickness repaired by applying clips providing less than that indicated in the table in the clips can be made to remain in this paragraph (d). When retaining place; rings are used, measurements of tires (2) Any spring with leaves excessively to be taken from the outside circum- shifting in the band; ference of the ring, and the minimum (3) Broken coil springs; or thickness of tires may be as much (4) Broken driving box saddle, equal- below the limits specified earlier in izer, hanger, bolt, or pin. this paragraph (d) as the tires extend between the retaining rings, provided WHEELS AND TIRES it does not reduce the thickness of the tire to less than 11⁄8 inches from the § 230.112 Wheels and tires. throat of flange to the counterbore for (a) Mounting. Wheels shall be se- the retaining rings. The required min- curely mounted on axles. Prick punch- imum thickness for tires, by wheel cen- ing or shimming the wheel fit will not ter diameter and weight per axle, is as be permitted. The diameter of wheels follows:

Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

30,000 pounds and under ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄4 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 17⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 11⁄2 Over 68 to 74 ...... 19⁄16 Over 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 30,000 to 35,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 13⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 17⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 11⁄2 Over 62 to 68 ...... 19⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 35,000 to 40,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 13⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 17⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 11⁄2 Over 56 to 62 ...... 19⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 15⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 40,000 to 45,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 17⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 11⁄2 Over 50 to 56 ...... 19⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 15⁄8 Over 62 to 68 ...... 111⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 74 ...... 113⁄16

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Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

Over 45,000 to 50,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄2 Over 44 to 50 ...... 19⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 15⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 111⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 13⁄4 Over 68 to 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 50,000 to 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 19⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 111⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 13⁄4 Over 62 to 68 ...... 113⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 111⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄4 Over 56 to 62 ...... 113⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 17⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 74 ...... 2

(e) Tire width. Flanged tires shall be inches or more in length, or two ad- no less than 51⁄2 inches wide for stand- joining spots that are each two or more ard gage and no less than 5 inches wide inches in length, or so numerous as to for narrow gage. Plain tires shall be no endanger the safety of the wheel. less than 6 inches wide for standard (f) Seams. Wheels and tires may not gage and no less than 51⁄2 inches wide have a seam running lengthwise that is for narrow gage. within 33⁄4 inches of the flange. (g) Worn flanges. Wheels and tires § 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. may not have a flange worn to a 15⁄16 Steam locomotive and tender wheels inch thickness or less, as measured at or tires developing any of the defects a point 3⁄8 inch above the tread. listed in this section shall be removed (h) Worn treads. Wheels and tires may from service immediately and repaired. not have a tread worn hollow 5⁄16 inch Except as provided in § 230.114, welding or more. on wheels and tires is prohibited. A wheel that has been welded is a welded (i) Flange height. Wheels and tires wheel for the life of the wheel. may not have a flange height of less (a) Cracks or breaks. Wheels and tires than 1 inch nor more than 11⁄2 inches, may not have a crack or break in the as measured from the tread to the top flange, tread, rim, plate, hub or brack- of the flange. ets. (j) Rim thickness. Wheels may not (b) Flat spots. Wheels and tires may have rims less than 1 inch thick. not have a single flat spot that is 21⁄2 (k) Wheel diameter. Wheels may not inches or more in length, or two ad- have wheel diameter variance, for joining spots that are each two or more wheels on the same axle or in the same inches in length. driving wheel base, greater than 3⁄32 (c) Chipped flange. Wheels and tires inch, when all tires are turned or new may not have a gouge or chip in the tires applied to driving and trailing flange that is more than 11⁄2 inches in wheels. When a single tire is applied, length and 1⁄2 inch in width. the diameter must not vary more than (d) Broken rims. Wheels and tires may 3⁄32 inch from that of the opposite wheel not have a circumferentially broken on the same axle. When a single pair of rim if the tread, measured from the tires is applied the diameter must be flange at a point 5⁄8 inch above the within 3⁄32 inch of the average diameter tread, is less than 33⁄4 inches in width. of the wheels in the driving wheel base (e) Shelled-out spots. Wheels and tires to which they are applied. may not have a shelled-out spot 21⁄2

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§ 230.114 Wheel centers. quently than every 92 service days, the (a) Filling blocks and shims. Driving interior of the tank shall be inspected, and centers with divided and cleaned if necessary. rims shall be properly fitted with iron (c) Top of tender. Top of tender behind or steel filling blocks before the tires fuel space shall be kept clean, and are applied, and such filling blocks means provided to carry off excess shall be properly maintained. When water. Suitable covers shall be pro- shims are inserted between the tire and vided for filling holes. the wheel center, not more than two § 230.116 Oil tanks. thicknesses of shims may be used, one of which must extend entirely around The oil tanks on oil burning steam the wheel. The shim which extends en- locomotives shall be maintained free tirely around the wheel may be in from leaks. The oil supply pipe shall be three or four pieces, providing they do equipped with a safety cut-off device not lap. that: (b) Wheel center condemning defects. (a) Is located adjacent to the fuel Wheel centers with any of the fol- supply tank or in another safe loca- lowing defects shall be removed from tion; service immediately and repaired: (b) Closes automatically when (1) Wheels centers loose on axle; tripped and that can be reset without (2) Broken or defective tire fas- hazard; and tenings; (c) Can be hand operated from clearly (3) Broken or cracked hubs, plates, marked locations, one inside the cab bolts or spokes, except as provided in and one accessible from the ground on paragraph (b)(4) of this section; or each exterior side of the steam loco- (4) Driving or trailing wheel center motive. with three adjacent spokes or 25 per- cent or more of the spokes in the wheel APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION broken. REQUIREMENTS (c) Wheel center repairs. Wheel centers The lists in this appendix are intended as may be repaired by welding or brazing guidance only. Adherence to this list does provided that the defect can properly not relieve the steam locomotive owner and/ be so repaired and, following the re- or operator of responsibility for either: (1) pair, the crankpin and axle shall re- Completing the inspection and maintenance main tight in the wheel. Banding of the requirements described in this part; or (2) en- suring that the steam locomotive, tender hub is permitted. and its parts and appurtenances are safe and (d) Counterbalance maintenance. Wheel suitable for service. counterbalances shall be maintained in a safe and suitable condition for serv- Daily Inspection Requirements; § 230.13 ice. 1. Observance of lifting pressure of the low- est safety valve. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS 2. Testing of water glasses and gauge cocks.* § 230.115 Feed water tanks. 3. Inspection of tubular water glass shields. (a) General provisions. Tanks shall be 4. Inspection of all cab lamps.* maintained free from leaks, and in safe 5. Inspection of boiler feedwater delivery and suitable condition for service. systems.* 6. Inspection of lagging for indication of Suitable screens must be provided for leaks. tank wells or tank hose and shall be 7. Inspection for leaks obstructing vision of maintained in a manner that allows engine crew. the unobstructed flow of water. Feed 8. Observance of compressor(s) and gov- water tanks shall be equipped with a ernor to ascertain proper operation.* device that permits the measurement 9. Inspection of brake and signal equip- of the quantity of water in the tender ment.* feed water tank from the cab or tender 10. Inspection of brake cylinders for piston travel. deck of the steam locomotive. Such de- 11. Inspection of foundation brake gear. vice shall be properly maintained. 12. Inspection of sanders.* (b) Inspection frequency. As often as 13. Inspection of draw gear and chafing conditions warrant but not less fre- irons.

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14. Inspection of draft gear. 5. Testing of main reservoir and brake cyl- 15. Inspection of crossheads and guides. inder leakage. 16. Inspection of piston rods and fasteners. 6. Entering and inspection of tender tank 17. Inspection of main, side, and valve mo- interior. tion rods. Annual Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 18. Inspection of headlights and classifica- tion lamps.* 1. Testing of thickness of arch and water 19. Inspection of running gear. bar tubes (arch brick to be removed) 20. Inspection of tender frames and tanks. 2. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. 21. Inspection of tender trucks for amount 3. Testing of all staybolts. of side bearing clearance. 4. Interior inspection of boiler. 5. Thickness verification of dry pipes. NOTE: All items marked (*) should be checked at the beginning of each day the lo- 6. Smoke box inspection. comotive is used. 7. Main reservoir hammer or UT testing and hydrostatic testing (for non-welded and 31 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.14 drilled main reservoirs) 8. Removal and inspection of steam loco- 1. Washing of boiler. motive drawbar(s) and pins (NDE testing 2. Cleaning and inspection of water glass other than merely visual) valves and gauge cocks. 9. Inspection of longitudinal lap joint boil- 3. Cleaning, washing and inspection of arch er seams. tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and si- phons. 5 Year Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 4. Removal and inspection of all washout 1. Inspection of flexible staybolt caps and and water tube plugs. sleeves. 5. Testing of all staybolts. 6. Removal, cleaning and inspection of fusi- 1472 Service Day Inspection Requirements; ble plugs (if any). § 230.17

92 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.15 1. Removal of boiler flues (as necessary) and cleaning of boiler interior. 1. Removal and testing of all air and steam 2. Removal of jacket and lagging and in- gauges. spection of boiler interior and exterior. 2. Cleaning of steam gauge siphon pipe. 3. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. 3. Renewal of tubular water glasses. 4. Thickness verification (boiler survey) 4. Testing and adjusting of safety relief and recomputation and update of steam loco- valves. motive specification card, (FRA Form No. 4).

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APPENDIX B TO PART 230—DIAGRAMS AND DRAWINGS

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APPENDIX C TO PART 230—FRA INSPECTION FORMS

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[64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 70 FR 41996, July 21, 2005]

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APPENDIX D TO PART 230—CIVIL PENALTY SCHEDULE

Willful Section Violation violation

Subpart A—General 230.11 Repair of non-complying conditions: (a) Failure to repair non-complying steam locomotive prior to use in service ...... $1,000 $2,500 (b) Failure of owner and/or operator to approve repairs made prior to use of steam loco- motive ...... 1,000 1,500 230.12 Movement of non-complying steam locomotive: (1) (1) 230.13 Daily inspection: (a) (b): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed or not retained ...... 1,000 1,500 230.14 Thirty-one service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person. (b) Failure to notify FRA ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.15 Ninety-two service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.16 Annual inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Failure to notify FRA ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy-two service day inspection: (a): (1) Inspection overdue ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Inspection not performed by qualified person ...... 1,250 2,000 (b) Inspection report not made, improperly executed, not properly maintained, not properly filed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.18 Service days: (a) Service day record not available for inspection ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Failure to file service day report with FRA Regional Administrator ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Failure to complete all 1,472 service day inspection items prior to returning retired steam locomotive to service ...... 1,500 3,000 230.19 Posting of forms: (a) FRA Form No. 1: (1) FRA Form No. 1 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 1 not properly displayed ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) FRA Form No. 3: (1) FRA Form No. 3 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 3 not properly displayed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.20 Alteration and repair reports: (a) Alterations: (1) Failure to properly file FRA Form No. 19 with FRA Regional Administrator ..... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (3) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Repairs to unstayed portions of the boiler: (1) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Repairs to stayed portions of the boiler: (1) FRA Form No. 19 not properly filled out ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) FRA Form No. 19 not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 230.21 Failure to properly document steam locomotive number Change ...... 1,000 1,500 Subpart B—Boilers and Appurtenances 230.22 Failure to properly report accident resulting from failure of steam locomotive boiler or part or appurtenance thereof ...... 1,500 2,500 230.23 Responsibility for general construction and safe working pressure: (a) Failure to properly establish safe working pressure for steam locomotive boiler ...... 5,000 10,000 (b) Placing steam locomotive in service before safe working pressure for boiler has been established ...... 5,000 10,000 230.24 Maximum allowable stress values on boiler components: (a) Use of materials not of sufficient tensile strength ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Use of a safety factor value of less than 4 when using the code of original construction in boiler calculations ...... 2,000 4,000 230.25 Maximum allowable stresses on stays and braces:

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Willful Section Violation violation

(a) Exceeding allowable stress values on fire box and/or combustion chamber ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Exceeding allowable stress values on round, rectangular or gusset braces ...... 1,000 2,000 230.29 Inspection and repair: (a): (1) Failure of owner and/or operator to inspect and repair any steam locomotive boiler and/or appurtenance under control thereof ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Failure to remove steam locomotive from service when considered necessary to do so ...... 2,500 5,000 (b): (1) Failure of perform repairs in accordance with accepted industry standards ..... 2,000 4,000 (2) Owner and/or operator returning steam locomotive boiler and/or appur- tenances to service before they are in good condition and safe and suitable for service ...... 2,000 4,000 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers, Failure to properly inspect ...... 2,000 4,000 230.31 Flues to be removed: (a): (1) Failure to remove all flues when inspecting boiler ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Failure to enter boiler and clean and inspect ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to remove superheater flues when deemed necessary to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 230.32 Time and method of inspection: (a) Failure to perform 1,472 service day inspection when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to properly inspect boiler during 1,472 service day inspection ...... 1,500 3,000 230.33 Welded repairs and alterations: (a) Failure to obtain permission before welding on unstayed portions of boiler containing alloy or carbon steel with carbon content over .25 percent carbon ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to perform welding on unstayed portions of boiler containing carbon steel not exceeding .25 percent carbon in accordance with a nationally accepted standard for boiler repairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (c): (1) Failure to submit written request for approval before performing weld buildup on wasted areas of unstayed boiler surfaces that exceed 100 square inches or the smaller of 25 percent of minimum required wall thickness or 1⁄2 inch ...... 1,500 3,000 (2) Repairing wasted sheets ...... 1,500 3,000 230.34 Riveted repairs and alterations: (a) Failure to obtain approval before making riveted alterations on unstayed portions of the boiler; failure to do riveting in accordance with established railroad practices or ac- cepted national standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to perform riveted repairs on unstayed boiler portions in accordance with es- tablished railroad practices or accepted national standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to perform riveted repairs on stayed boiler portions in accordance with estab- lished railroad practices or accepted national standards for boiler repairs ...... 1,000 2,000 230.35 Failure to raise temperature of steam locomotive boiler to 70 degrees F. before applying hydrostatic pressure to the boiler ...... 1,000 2,000 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers: (a) Failure to perform hydrostatic test of boiler as required ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to properly perform hydrostatic test ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to properly inspect boiler after conducting hydrostatic test above MAWP ...... 1,500 3,000 230.37 Failure to perform proper steam test or inspection of boiler after completion of repair or al- teration to boiler ...... 1,000 2,000 230.38 Telltale holes: (a) Failure to have telltale holes as required in staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to have proper telltale holes in reduced body staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to keep telltales holes when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 230.39 Broken staybolts: (a) Boiler in service with excess number of broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Failure to replace staybolts when required to do so; to properly replace staybolts when so required; to inspect adjacent staybolts when replacing broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to count leaking, plugged, or missing telltale holes as broken staybolts ...... 1,500 3,000 (d) Closing telltale holes by prohibited means ...... 1,500 3,000 230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing: (a) Failure to hammer test staybolts when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly hammer test staybolts ...... 1,000 2,000 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps: (a) Failure to inspect flexible staybolts as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to replace broken flexible staybolts; failure to close inner ends of telltale holes as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to report removal of flexible staybolts caps and other tests on FRA Form No. 3 when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Failure to remove staybolt caps or otherwise test when FRA inspector or steam loco- motive owner and/or operator consider it necessary to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 230.42 Failure to have accurate boiler steam gauge where engine crew can conveniently read .... 2,000 4,000 230.43 Failure to have gauge siphon of proper capacity on steam gauge supply pipe; failure to properly clean, maintain the steam gauge supply pipe ...... 1,000 2,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

230.44 Failure to test steam gauge when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 230.45 Failure to properly test and/or set steam gauge ...... 1,000 2,000 230.46 Failure to attach to boiler backhead metal badge plate showing allowable steam pressure 1,000 1,500 230.47 Boiler Number: (a) (b) (c) Failure to stamp builder’s number on boiler when number is known ...... 1,000 1,500 230.48 Number and capacity of safety relief valves: (a) Failure to equip steam locomotive boiler with proper safety relief valves ...... 2,500 5,000 (b) Failure to provide additional safety relief valve capacity when so required ...... 3,000 6,000 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves: (a) Safety relief valve(s) set and/or adjusted by person not competent to do so ...... 2,500 5,000 (b) Safety relief valve(s) not set to open at prescribed pressure(s) ...... 2,500 5,000 (c) Safety relief valve(s) not properly set ...... 3,000 6,000 (d) Set pressure of lowest safety relief valve not properly indicated ...... 1,000 2,000 230.50 Failure to test and adjust safety relief valves when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.51 Failure to equip steam locomotive boiler with at least 2 properly installed water glasses .... 1,000 2,000 230.52 Failure to properly equip water glasses ...... 2,000 4,000 230.53 Failure to properly clean water glass valves and/or gauge cocks when required to do so .. 1,000 2,000 230.54 Testing and maintenance: (a) Failure to properly test water glasses and/or gauge cocks ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly maintain gauge cocks, water column drain valves, and/or water glass valves ...... 1,500 3,000 230.55 Tubular type water and lubricator glasses and shields: (a) Failure to renew tubular type water glasses as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly shield tubular water glasses and/or lubricator glasses ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Failure to properly locate and/or maintain water glasses and/or water glass shields ...... 1,000 2,000 230.56 Failure to equip water glass with suitable lamp ...... 1,000 2,000 230.57 Injectors and feedwater pumps: (a) Failure to equip steam locomotive with proper means for delivering water to the boiler 3,000 6,000 (b) Failure to properly test and/or maintain injectors, feedwater pumps, boiler checks, de- livery pipes, feed water pipes, tank hose, tank valves ...... 2,500 5,000 (c) Failure to properly brace injectors, feedwater pumps, and/or associated piping ...... 1,000 2,000 230.58 Flue plugs: (a) Plugging flue plugs when not otherwise permitted ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Improperly plugging flue plugs, when otherwise permitted ...... 1,000 2,000 230.59 Failure to remove and properly clean fusible boiler plugs when required to do so; failure to properly note removal ...... 1,500 3,000 230.60 Time of washing: (a) Failure to thoroughly wash boiler when required to do so ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to remove washout plugs, arch tube plugs, thermic siphon plugs, circulator plugs, water bar plugs when washing locomotive boiler ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to examine and/or properly maintain washout plugs washout plug sleeves, threaded openings ...... 1,500 3,000 (d) Failure to clean fusible plugs when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and thermic siphons: (a) Failure to clean, wash, inspect arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and thermic si- phons as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to renew arch tubes, water bar tubes; failure to repair or renew circulators, thermic siphons when required ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Failure to properly inspect and/or replace as necessary arch tubes, water bar tubes, circulators ...... 1,500 3,000 230.62 Failure to properly inspect and/or repair or replace as necessary dry pipes subject to pressure ...... 2,500 5,000 230.63 Failure to properly inspect smoke box, steam pipes, pressure parts when required to do so ...... 1,500 3,000 230.64 Failure to remove from service steam locomotive boiler leaking under lagging from condi- tion which may reduce safety and/or repair the boiler before returning to service ...... 1,500 3,000 230.65 Failure to keep steam locomotive boiler, piping, appurtenances in repair so steam does not obscure vision ...... 1,000 2,000 230.66 Failure to properly oversee general design, construction, maintenance of steam loco- motive(s) and tender(s) ...... 1,000 2,000 230.67 Failure to ensure all steam locomotives and tenders are properly inspected and repaired and/or all defects are properly repaired and steam locomotive and/or tender are in good condi- tion, safe and suitable for service before being returned to service ...... 2,500 5,000 230.68 Failure to equip steam locomotive that operates in excess of 20 miles per hour over the general system with speed indicator maintained to ensure accurate functioning ...... 1,000 1,500 230.69 Failure to equip steam locomotive with properly supported ash pan with operating mecha- nism that may be safely operated and securely closed ...... 1,000 2,000 230.70 Safe condition: (a) Failure to perform proper pre-departure inspection when so required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to properly equip steam locomotive with brake pipe valve clearly identified as ‘‘Emergency Brake Valve’’ ...... 1,000 2,000 230.71 Orifice testing of air compressors:. (a)(b): Failure to properly test and/or maintain air compressor(s) capacity ...... 1,000 2,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

230.72 Testing main reservoirs: (a) Failure to properly test main reservoir(s) when required ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Impermissibly or improperly drilling main reservoir ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Impermissibly using NDE method to measure wall thickness of main reservoir ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Failure to use appropriate method of NDE testing of wall thickness of welded or riv- eted longitudinal lap seam main reservoir(s); failure to withdraw main reservoir(s) from service when testing reveals insufficient wall thickness ...... 1,500 3,000 230.73 Air gauges: (a) Failure to equip steam locomotive with properly located air gauge(s) that are no more than 3 psi in error ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Failure to test air gauge(s) when so required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Failure to properly test air gauge(s) ...... 1,000 1,500 230.74 Failure to properly clean and/or test all air brake valves, related dirt collectors, filters when required to do so ...... 1,000 1,500 230.75 Failure to properly stencil or display date of testing and cleaning and initials of shop or sta- tion performing work ...... 1,000 1,500 230.76 Piston travel: (a) Insufficient minimum piston travel ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Excessive piston travel when steam locomotive is stationary ...... 1,000 2,000 230.77 Foundation brake gear: (a) Failure to properly maintain foundation brake gear ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Foundation brake gear less than 2.5 inches above rail ...... 1,000 2,000 230.78 Leakage: (a): (1) Failure to test for leakage from main reservoir or related piping as required ... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to repair excessive leakage from main reservoir or related piping leak- age ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Failure to test for brake cylinder as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c): (1) Failure to test for leakage from steam locomotive brake pipe as required ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Failure to repair excessive brake pipe leakage ...... 1,000 2,000 230.79 Train signal system: (1) Failure to test the train signal system or other form of on-board communica- tion as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to repair train signal system or other on-board communication when not safe or suitable for service ...... 1,000 1,500 230.80 Cabs: (a) Steam locomotive cab not safe and suitable for service ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Steam pipes: Construction, attachment ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Oil-burning steam locomotive, cab-enclosed ...... 1,000 1,500 230.81 Cab aprons: (a) Cab apron, general provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Cab apron, insufficient width ...... 1,000 1,500 230.82 Fire doors: (a) Safe and suitable for service, general provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Construction and maintenance of mechanically operated fire doors ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Construction and maintenance of hand-operated fire doors ...... 1,000 2,000 230.83 Cylinder cocks: (1) Failure to properly equip with cylinder cocks ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to properly maintain cylinder cocks ...... 1,000 1,500 230.84 Sanders: (1) Inoperable sanders ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) Failure to test sanders ...... 1,000 1,500 230.85 Audible warning devices: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Sound level measurements, Failure to properly take ...... 1,000 1,500 230.86 Required illumination: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Dimming device, Failure to properly equip with ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Multiple locomotives, Failure of lead locomotive to display headlight ...... 1,000 1,500 230.87 Cab lights: Failure to properly equip with ...... 1,000 2,000 230.88 Throttles: Failure to properly maintain, equip ...... 1,000 2,000 230.89 Reverse gear: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Air-operated power reverse gear ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Power reverse gear reservoirs ...... 1,000 2,000 230.90 Draw gear and draft systems: (a) Maintenance and testing ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Safety bars and chains, general ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Safety bars and chains, minimum length ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Lost motion between steam locomotive and tender ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Spring buffers: Improper application, compression ...... 1,000 1,500 230.91 Chafing irons: Improper application, maintenance ...... 1,000 1,500

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Willful Section Violation violation

230.92 Draw gear, draft systems: Improperly maintained, fastened ...... 1,000 1,500 230.93 Pistons and piston rods: (a) Failure to properly inspect, maintain, renew ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Fasteners: Failure to keep tight, properly equip ...... 1,000 2,000 230.94 Crossheads: Improperly maintained, excess clearance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.95 Guides: Failure to securely fasten, properly maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 230.96 Main, side, valve motion rods: (a) General ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Repairs. (1) Failure to make in accordance with accepted national standard ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Failure to submit written request for approval prior to welding ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Bearings and bushings ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Rod side motion: Excessive motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Oil, grease cups: Failure to securely fasten, properly equip ...... 1,000 1,500 (f) Main rod bearings: (1) excessive bore ...... 1,000 1,500 (2) excessive lost motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (g) Side rod bearings, excessive bore ...... 1,000 1,500 230.97 Crank pins: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Maintenance: Failure to maintain in safe, suitable condition ...... 1,000 2,000 230.98 Driving, trailing, engine truck axles: (a) Condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Journal diameter: Failure to stamp on end of axle ...... 750 1,000 230.99 Tender truck axle: Insufficient diameter ...... 1,000 2,000 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and journals: (a) Tender truck axle condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Tender truck journal condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal boxes: (a) Driving journal boxes: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Broken bearings: Failure to renew ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Loose bearings: Failure to repair or renew ...... 1,000 2,000 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes: Failure to repair ...... 1,000 1,500 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 230.105 Lateral motion: (a) Condemning limits: Total lateral motion in excess of ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Limits exceeded, failure to demonstrate conditions require additional lateral motion ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Interferes with other parts of steam locomotive ...... 1,000 1,500 230.106 Steam locomotive frame: (a) Failure to properly inspect and/or maintain ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Broken frames, not properly patched or secured ...... 2,500 5,000 230.107 Tender frame and body: (a) Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Height difference between tender deck and steam locomotive cab floor or deck exces- sive ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Gangway minimum width excessive ...... 1,000 1,500 (d) Tender frame condemning defects ...... 1,500 3,000 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trailing trucks: (a) Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Safety chain, suitable safety chain not provided ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Insufficient truck clearance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.109 Tender trucks: (a): (1) Tender truck frames ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Tender truck center plate ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Tender truck bolsters: Failure to properly maintain ...... 1,500 3,000 (c) Condemning defects, springs and/or spring rigging ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Truck securing arrangement: Not properly maintained ...... 1,000 1,500 (e) Side bearings, truck centering devices ...... 1,000 2,000 (f) Friction side bearings: Run in contact ...... 1,000 2,000 (g): (1) Side bearings, failure to equip rear trucks with ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Insufficient clearance of ...... 1,000 2,000 230.110 Pilots: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 1,500 (b) Clearance, insufficient or excessive ...... 1,000 1,500 230.111 Spring rigging: (a) Arrangement of springs and equalizers ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Spring or spring rigging condemning defects ...... 1,000 2,000 230.112 Wheels and tires: (a) Improperly Mounted, excess variance in axle diameter ...... 1,500 3,000 (b) Out of gage ...... 1,000 2,000

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Willful Section Violation violation

(c) Flange distance variance, excessive ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Tire thickness, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 (e) Tire width, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 230.113 Wheels and tire defects: (1) Failure to repair ...... 1,000 2,000 (2) Welding on, except as otherwise provided for ...... 1,500 3,000 (a) Cracks or breaks in ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Flat spots ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Chipped flange ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Broken rim ...... 1,000 2,000 (e) Shelled-out spots ...... 1,000 2,000 (f) Seams ...... 1,000 2,000 (g) Worn flanges, excessive wear ...... 1,000 2,000 (h) Worn treads, excessive wear ...... 1,000 2,000 (i) Flange height, insufficient or excessive ...... 1,000 2,000 (j) Rim thickness, insufficient ...... 1,000 2,000 (k) Wheel diameter, excessive variance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.114 Wheel centers: (a) Filling blocks and shims ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Wheel center condemning limits, failure to repair ...... 1,000 2,000 (c) Wheel center repairs ...... 1,000 2,000 (d) Counterbalance maintenance ...... 1,000 2,000 230.115 Feed water tanks: (a) General provisions ...... 1,000 2,000 (b) Inspection frequency, failure to inspect as required ...... 1,000 1,500 (c) Top of tender: Improperly maintained and/or equipped ...... 1,000 1,500 230.116 Oil tanks: (1) Failure to properly maintain ...... 2,500 5,000 (2) Failure to equip with complying safety cut-off device ...... 5,000 7,500 1 Failure to observe any condition for movement set forth in § 230.12 will deprive the railroad of the benefit of the movement- for-repair provision and make the railroad and any responsible individuals liable for penalty under the particular regulatory sec- tion(s) concerning the substantive defect(s) present on the locomotive at the time of movement. Failure to comply with § 230.12 will result in the lapse of any affected waiver.

PART 231—RAILROAD SAFETY 231.17 Specifications common to all steam locomotives. APPLIANCE STANDARDS 231.18 Cars of special construction. 231.19 Definition of ‘‘Right’’ and ‘‘Left.’’ Sec. 231.20 Variation in size permitted. 231.0 Applicability and penalties. 231.21 Tank cars without underframes. 231.1 Box and other house cars built or 231.22 Operation of track motor cars. placed in service before October 1, 1966. 231.2 Hopper cars and high-side gondolas 231.23 Unidirectional passenger-train cars with fixed ends. adaptable to van-type semi- use. 231.3 Drop-end high-side gondola cars. 231.24 Box and other house cars with roofs, 231.4 Fixed-end low-side gondola and low- 16 feet 10 inches or more above top of side hopper cars. rail. 231.5 Drop-end low-side gondola cars. 231.25 Track motorcars (self-propelled 4- 231.6 Flat cars. wheel cars which can be removed from 231.7 Tank cars with side platforms. the rails by men). 231.8 Tank cars without side sills and tank 231.26 Pushcars. cars with short side sills and end plat- 231.27 Box and other house cars without forms. roof hatches or placed in service after 231.9 Tank cars without end sills. October 1, 1966. 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. 231.28 Box and other house cars with roof 231.11 Caboose cars without platforms. hatches built or placed in service after 231.12 Passenger-train cars with wide vesti- October 1, 1966. bules. 231.29 Road locomotives with corner stair- 231.13 Passenger-train cars with open-end ways. platforms. 231.30 Locomotives used in switching serv- 231.14 Passenger-train cars without end ice. platforms. 231.31 Drawbars for freight cars; standard 231.15 Steam locomotives used in road serv- ice. height. 231.16 Steam locomotives used in switching APPENDIX A TO PART 231—SCHEDULE OF CIVIL service. PENALTIES

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