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Log in / create account Article Talk Read Edit View history Boeing 747 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Boeing 747 is a wide-body commercial airliner and cargo transport aircraft, often Navigation Boeing 747 referred to by its original nickname, Jumbo Jet, or Queen of the Skies. It is among the Main page world's most recognizable aircraft,[4] and was the first wide-body ever produced. Contents Manufactured by Boeing's Commercial Airplane unit in the United States, the original Featured content version of the 747 was two and a half times the size of the Boeing 707,[5] one of the Current events common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s. First flown commercially in 1970, the [6] Random article 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 years. Donate to Wikipedia The four-engine 747 uses a double deck configuration for part of its length. It is available in passenger, freighter and other versions. Boeing designed the 747's hump-like upper Interaction deck to serve as a first class lounge or (as is the general rule today) extra seating, and to allow the aircraft to be easily converted to a cargo carrier by removing seats and Help installing a front cargo door. Boeing did so because the company expected supersonic About Wikipedia airliners (whose development was announced in the early 1960s) to render the 747 and British Airways Boeing 747-400 during takeoff Community portal other subsonic airliners obsolete, while believing that the demand for subsonic cargo Role Wide-body, long-range jet airliner Recent changes [7] aircraft would be robust into the future. The 747 in particular was expected to become National origin United States Contact Wikipedia obsolete after 400 were sold,[8] but it exceeded its critics' expectations with production Manufacturer Boeing Commercial Airplanes passing the 1,000 mark in 1993.[9] By December 2011, 1,427 aircraft had been built, First flight [1] [2] February 9, 1969 Toolbox with 97 of the 747-8 variants remaining on order. Introduction January 22, 1970 with Pan Am[1] The 747-400, the most common passenger version in service, is among the fastest What links here Status In production, in service airliners in service with a high-subsonic cruise speed of Mach 0.85–0.855 (up to Related changes Primary users British Airways 570 mph, 920 km/h). It has an intercontinental range of 7,260 nautical miles (8,350 mi Cathay Pacific Upload file [10] or 13,450 km). The 747-400 passenger version can accommodate 416 passengers Korean Air Special pages in a typical three-class layout, 524 passengers in a typical two-class layout, or 660 China Airlines Permanent link [11] passengers in a high density one-class configuration. The newest version of the Produced 1969–present Cite this page aircraft, the 747-8, is in production and received certification in 2011. Deliveries of the Number built 1,428 as of January 2012[2] 747-8F freighter version to the launch customer Cargolux began in October 2011; the Unit cost 747-100: US$24 million (1967) 747-8I passenger version is to follow in 2012. The 747 is to be replaced by the Boeing Print/export 747-200: US$39 million (1976) Y3 (part of the Boeing Yellowstone Project) in the future. 747-300: US$83 million (1982) Create a book 747-400: US$228–260 million Download as PDF Contents (2007) 1 Development Printable version 747-8I: US$317.5 million[3] 1.1 Background 747-8F: US$319.3 million 1.2 Airliner proposal Languages Variants Boeing 747SP 1.3 Design effort Boeing 747-400 Production plant Boeing 747-8 1.4 ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ Беларуская 1.5 Development and testing Boeing VC-25 Български 1.6 Entry into service Boeing E-4 Bosanski 1.7 Improved 747 versions Developed into Boeing YAL-1 Català 1.8 Further developments Boeing 747 Large Cargo 2 Design Freighter Česky 3 Variants Dansk 3.1 747-100 Deutsch 3.2 747SP Eesti 3.3 747-200 Ελληνικά 3.4 747-300 Español 3.5 747-400 Esperanto 3.6 747-8 Euskara 3.7 Government, military, and other variants Undeveloped variants 3.8 ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ Français 4 Operators Galego 4.1 Orders and deliveries 한국어 5 Accidents and incidents ह द 6 Aircraft on display Hrvatski 7 Specifications Ido 8 Notable appearances in media Bahasa Indonesia 9 See also Íslenska 10 References Italiano 11 External links עברית Development [edit] Basa Jawa Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Background [edit] Lietuvių In 1963, the United States Air Force started a series of study projects on a very large strategic transport aircraft. Although the C-141 Starlifter Limburgs was being introduced, they felt that a much larger and more capable aircraft was needed, especially the capability to carry outsized cargo that Magyar would not fit in any existing aircraft. These studies led to initial requirements for the CX-Heavy Logistics System (CX-HLS) in March 1964 for an Македонски aircraft with a load capacity of 180,000 pounds (81,600 kg) and a speed of Mach 0.75 (500 mph/805 km/h), and an unrefueled range of 5,000 Malagasy nautical miles (9,260 km) with a payload of 115,000 pounds (52,200 kg). The payload bay had to be 17 feet (5.18 m) wide by 13.5 feet (4.11 m) [12] मराठ high and 100 feet (30.5 m) long with access through doors at the front and rear. Bahasa Melayu Featuring only four engines, the design also required new engine designs with greatly increased power and better fuel economy. On May 18, 1964, airframe proposals arrived from Boeing, Douglas, General Dynamics, Lockheed and Martin Marietta; while engine proposals were Nederlands submitted by General Electric, Curtiss-Wright, and Pratt & Whitney. After a downselect, Boeing, Douglas and Lockheed were given additional 日本語 study contracts for the airframe, along with General Electric and Pratt & Whitney for the engines.[12] Norsk (bokmål) All three of the airframe proposals shared a number of features. As the CX-HLS needed to be able to be loaded from the front, a door had to be Norsk (nynorsk) included where the cockpit usually was. All of the companies solved this problem by moving the cockpit to above the cargo area; Douglas had a Polski small "pod" just forward and above the wing, Lockheed used a long "spine" running the length of the aircraft with the wing spar passing through Português it, while Boeing blended the two, with a longer pod that ran from just behind the nose to just behind the wing.[13] In 1965 Lockheed's aircraft Română design and General Electric's engine design were selected for the new C-5 Galaxy transport, which was the largest military aircraft in the world Русский at the time.[12] The nose door and raised cockpit concepts would be carried over to the design of the 747.[14] Shqip Airliner proposal [edit] Simple English Slovenčina The 747 was conceived while air travel was increasing in the 1960s.[15] The era of commercial jet transportation, led by the enormous popularity Slovenščina of the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8, had revolutionized long-distance travel.[15][16] Even before it lost the CX-HLS contract, Boeing was pressed Српски / Srpski by Juan Trippe, president of Pan American World Airways (Pan Am), one of its most important airline customers, to build a passenger aircraft Srpskohrvatski / more than twice the size of the 707. During this time, airport congestion, worsened by increasing numbers of passengers carried on relatively Српскохрватски small aircraft, became a problem that Trippe thought could be addressed by a large new aircraft.[17] Suomi In 1965, Joe Sutter was transferred from Boeing's 737 development team to manage the design studies for a new airliner, already assigned the Svenska model number 747.[18] Sutter initiated a design study with Pan Am and other airlines, in order to better understand their requirements. At the ెల గ time, it was widely thought that the 747 would eventually be superseded by supersonic transport aircraft.[19] Boeing responded by designing the ไทย 747 so that it could be adapted easily to carry freight and remain in production even if sales of the passenger version declined. In the freighter Türkçe role, the clear need was to support the containerized shipping methodologies that were being widely introduced at about the same time. Українська Standard containers are 8 ft (2.4 m) square at the front (slightly higher due to attachment points) and available in 20 and 40 ft (6.1 and 12 m) Tiếng Việt lengths. This meant that it would be possible to support a 2-wide 2-high stack of containers two or three ranks deep with a fuselage size similar 中文 to the earlier CX-HLS project. In April 1966, Pan Am ordered 25 747-100 aircraft for US$525 million. During the ceremonial 747 contract-signing banquet in Seattle on Boeing's 50th Anniversary, Juan Trippe predicted that the 747 would be "... a great weapon for peace, competing with intercontinental missiles for mankind's destiny", according to Malcolm T. Stamper, who led the 747 program.[4] As launch customer,[1][20] and because of its early involvement before placing a formal order, Pan Am was able to influence the design and development of the 747 to an extent unmatched by a single airline before or since.[21] Design effort [edit] Ultimately, the high-winged CX-HLS Boeing design was not used for the 747, although technologies An early-production 747 cockpit, located developed for their bid had an influence.[22] The original design included a full-length double-deck on the upper deck fuselage with rows of eight-across seating and two aisles on the lower deck and seven-across seating and two aisles on the upper deck.[23] However, concern over evacuation routes and limited cargo-carrying capability caused this idea to be scrapped in early 1966 in favor of a wider single deck design.[1] The cockpit was, therefore, placed on a shortened upper deck so that a freight-loading door could be included in the nose cone; this design feature produced the 747's distinctive "bulge".[24] In early models it was not clear what to do with the small space in the pod behind the cockpit, and this was initially specified as a "lounge" area with no permanent seating.