DOCSLIB.ORG

The Alliance Between Lincoln and Juárez

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Alliance Between Lincoln and Juárez Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 33, Number 30, July 28, 2006 the title of my August 1982 document Operation Jua´rez. people began reading the leaflet aloud to clusters of people That Operation Jua´rez report reflects the essentials of my around them, for the benefit of the elderly and the illiterate. continuing policy for the Americas today.” The LYM carried a giant banner, measuring some 7 meters by 1.5 meters, which summarized their message. It Jua´rez, 2006 was illustrated by the symbol of Caldero´n’s PAN party, with Addressing the 1.5 million Mexicans who overflowed a big swastika in the middle, and read: “The Dog: Felipe Mexico City’sZo´calo on July 16, Lo´pez Obrador delivered a Caldero´n. Its Owners: The Fascist Bankers. The Solution: speech which escalated the fight for a “vote by vote, polling LaRouche’s New Bretton Woods.” station by polling station” recount of the Presidential elec- tions, even as the Federal Electoral Tribunal is considering the massive documentation of fraud which his campaign has presented. The Alliance Between Lo´pez Obrador outlined the movement’s next three steps: 1. Increase the encampments outside the country’s 300 electoral offices where the ballots are stored, not only to en- Lincoln and Jua´rez sure that the ballots are not further tampered with, but as by David Ramonet and Rube´n Cota Meza centers for organizing the population; 2. Carry out “peaceful civil resistance,” whose details will be decided by a citizens’ committee; and It would appear that there is no option but to continue 3) Return to the Zo´calo on July 30—this time with twice the struggle with what we have, with whatever we can, the number of participants. and as far as we can. Forward then! No one should Lo´pez Obrador concluded his remarks, as he had many lose heart. speeches during the campaign, with a promise which reso- —Benito Jua´rez, April 1865 nated historically, for friend and foe alike: “As President Ju- a´rez used to say, we are going to save Mexico, however possi- When Benito Jua´rez was sworn in as President of Mexico ble, with whatever possible, and as far as possible.” in July 1861, remnants of the disbanded army of the ultramon- Lo´pez Obrador faces a number of serious challenges in tane reaction—which, under the slogan of “religion and privi- order to deliver on that pledge. For example, there are those leges” had launched the war against the Federal Constitution within his own camp who, like some of Jua´rez’s allies, want of 1857—were still active. When the President announced a to throw in the towel and strike a corrupt deal with Caldero´n few months later that his government would suspend payment and his Synarchist masters. Also, in order to fight through to on the foreign debt, primarily to British, French, and Spanish victory, Lo´pez Obrador is going to have to broaden the basis financiers, for the purpose of reorganizing finances and begin- on which he is now mobilizing millions of Mexicans, from the ning the rebuilding of the country following four decades limited issues of democracy and vote fraud, to the underlying of intermittent wars, the representatives of the ultramontane economic policy questions which he himself raised on occa- reaction in Europe offered the Mexican crown to Maximilian sion during the Presidential campaign. For example, on June of Habsburg. 1, he announced that, should he win the July 2 elections, he intended to renegotiate Mexico’s debt as President Ne´stor Foreign Invasion Kirchner did for Argentina. The next year, the navies of France, England, and Spain The LaRouche Youth Movement (LYM) in Mexico has arrived in Mexico to try to collect those debts. The French played a decisive role in bringing the underlying issues first navy also came with the specific mission of overthrowing the posed by LaRouche in Operation Jua´rez in 1982, into the constitutional government to pave the way for Maximilian’s battle in Mexico today. For example, at the 1.5-million-person arrival. Napoleon III offered financing to Maximilian for the rally on July 16, a 35-40 person contingent of LaRouche orga- adventure, with the promise of receiving the mines of Sonora nizers distributed 35,000 leaflets with LaRouche’s July 10 and Baja California, among other things, in payment for ser- statement on Mexico (see last week’s EIR), and they briefed vices rendered. people that LaRouche is fighting around the world to defeat On May 5, 1862, the French imperial army, led by General the enemies of Mexico: the same bankers who are also behind Laurencez, and its native ultramontane allies, launched their the attacks in India, and the escalation to war in the Middle first assault on the Jua´rez government, and were defeated East. at Puebla. When one person would take a leaflet, frequently every- The following year, with reinforcements and under a new one around them would demand thier own—“they were like commander, General Forey, the French seized the city of piranhas!” one LYM organizer laughed. In several cases, Puebla after a two-month siege. On May 31, 1863, with the 48 International EIR July 28, 2006 © 2006 EIR News Service Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission strictly prohibited. imperial army knocking at the doors of the capital, President over the previous 40 years, had still kept the peonage sys- Jua´rez led the closing ceremony at the National Congress, tem intact. and then headed to the National Palace, where he watched the From Monterrey, Jua´rez returned to Saltillo in mid-1864, lowering of the Mexican flag over the Zo´calo plaza, which and then went further north, toward Durango, with the impe- was filled with people in anticipation of his farewell as Presi- rial forces always nipping at his heels, and with some of his dent. After accepting the flag and singing the national anthem tired collaborators seeking a truce. In September, he headed along with the crowd, he shouted, “Viva Mexico!” and thus to Chihuahua, arriving in October. began his famous black coach journey across the country, to The imperial army routed the republican armies, forcing safeguard the republic. them to resort to guerrilla warfare, with the famed chinacos On June 7, 1863, the vanguard of the imperialist forces (an irregular peasant army, known for its red bandana “uni- entered the Mexican capital, and on June 10, the army under form”) attacking the imperial army by night and carrying the command of Forey and his ultramontane allies, who had out their regular chores during the day. The imperial forces pulled together their scattered forces, followed. The French could take the cities, but couldn’t keep them, and as soon established a regency to rule the country in the name of the as they left, the chinacos took them back again. In effect, Emperor. It was made up of Generals Juan Almonte and Mari- the imperial army only occupied the soil on which it stood. ano Salas, as well as Archbishop Pelagio Antonio de La- While Jua´rez was setting up in Chihuahua, Maximilian’s bastida y Da´valos. An Assembly of Notables was established, advisors drafted a decree under the assumption that Jua´rez’s encompassing some 215 would-be aristocrats, to proclaim the Presidential term would end on Nov. 20, 1865, and therefore Mexican empire. also end the raison d’eˆtre of resistance. That didn’t trouble Jua´rez installed his government in San Luis Potos´ı, and Jua´rez at all; however, from among his own ranks, Vice despite the circumstances, his political adversaries continued President Gonza´lez Ortega emerged, now with the support to criticize him for administrative minutiae. In the midst of of Jua´rez’s “friends” such as Guillermo Prieto, to insist that this, he was also responsible for reforging the republic armies, the President step down. which had fallen to the technical superiority of the occupying President Jua´rez took stronger measures. He issued two forces. After one year, he abandoned the city and moved to decrees. One was to extend the Presidential term until it Saltillo, Coahuila, where he arrived on Jan. 9, 1864. were possible to hold elections, and the other to order the arrest of Gonza´lez Ortega should he return from the United Jua´rez Fights Back States, where he had gone for medical reasons. The military reverses suffered were devastating, and some liberals, such as his former minister Manuel Doblado Victory for Lincoln—and Jua´rez and Gen. Gonza´lez Ortega, governor of Zacatecas, pressured By April 1865, however, the victory of Lincoln’s forces him to abandon the Presidency and to cede it to someone over the pro-slavery Confederacy, upon which the Mexican more “reasonable,” who could reach an understanding with ultramontane forces and Emperor Napoleon III had based the occupation army. Jua´rez responded resolutely that he their hopes, was secure. From the beginning of Lincoln’s had not the slightest intention of abandoning the fight, much Presidency, Mat´ıas Romero had remained in Washington as less leaving the leadership to weaklings who believed that the representative of Jua´rez’s government. From there, he had one could negotiate with globalization, and somehow come acted as a permanent intermediary between Lincoln and out ahead. Jua´rez. From Saltillo, Jua´rez moved to Monterrey, Nuevo Leo´n, At this point, Jua´rez wrote the following to his family, but soon clashed with Gov. Santiago Vidaurri, against whom which was transcribed by Ralph Roeder in his two-volume he had to use force; ultimately, Vidaurri went over to the biography, Jua´rez and His Mexico: imperial side and ended up in front of a firing squad.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CENTRAL AMERICA and TEXAS, 1821-1836 By
    MEXICO’S BREAK UP: MEXICO CITY'S MISCONCEPTIONS AND MISMANAGEMENT OF ITS PERIPEHERIES: CENTRAL AMERICA AND TEXAS, 1821-1836 by KYLE CARPENTER Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON MAY 2013 Copyright © by Kyle Carpenter 2013 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I cannot thank my committee enough. Dr. Sam Haynes, the committee chair, remained unflinchingly supportive from the very beginning. He took on this project in its infant stages and allowed it to change and evolve as necessary. His support and trust in me were unbelievable. Dr. David Narrett read every draft so carefully and responded with such detailed commentary. Dr. John Garrigus kept this project alive through his advice and guidance at a critical time in its development. The entire committee was indispensable to this thesis and I cannot thank them enough. While working on this project, I relied on the support of so many people. The person who deserves the most gratitude is my wife, Mickey. She patiently supported me through all the research, all the writing, and all the editing that went into this thesis. I could not have done it without her. I also extend my thanks to everyone who helped me in the massive research campaign this thesis required. The staff at the University of Texas at Arlington Library Special Collections deserves special thanks. Additionally, I received great assistance from the staffs at the Nettie Lee Benson Library and the Bancroft Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Visiting Future Enemies Mexican Visitors to the United States, 1820S-30S
    Visiting Future Enemies Mexican Visitors to the United States, 1820s-30s In 1846, the United States and Mexico went to war. Less than two years later, the United States Army occupied Mexico City, and Mexico relinquished its northern territories to make the Yankees go home. But meeting in battle was far from the first contact that citizens of the two large North American countries had with each other. They interacted in the border regions of northern Mexico, in places like Texas and California. They also interacted in the cores of each country, as merchants and even prominent officials undertook journeys through each others’ nations. During the late 1820s and early 1830s, three prominent Mexican officials undertook three separate journeys through the United States. These men came from different parts of Mexico’s political spectrum, and their journeys to the United States influenced how each came to view the northern colossus. They were also, likely, the first Mexicans that many U.S.-Americans in the places they visited had seen. The following pages track these travelers through the United States, showing where they went and providing clues for future research into the reception they received. Lorenzo de Zavala: Reinforcing Liberal Ideas By the time he journeyed to the United States in 1830, Lorenzo de Zavala was a seasoned man of the world. A physician originally from Yucatán, Zavala traveled to Spain in 1821 to serve in the Spanish Cortes. When Mexico declared independence that same year, though, Zavala returned home, helped write the Constitution of 1824, and became one of Mexico’s leading Liberals in the 1820s.
    [Show full text]
  • JUAN-ALVAREZ-Micrositio.Pdf
    Plaza Juan Álvarez, inaugurada por C. Marcelo Ebrard Casaubon Jefe de Gobierno del Distrito Federal Por el apoyo brindado al Poder Judicial del Distrito Federal para la remodelación y dignificación de los espacios de la Administración de Justicia. C. Edgar Elías Azar Presidente del Tribunal Superior de Justicia y del Consejo de la Judicatura del Distrito Federal (Busto ubicado en Plaza Juan Álvarez, edificio principal TSJDF) Otoño de 2010 LA CARRERA POLÍTICA Y MILITAR DE JUAN ÁLVAREZ Clyde Gilbert Bushnell Presentación Mag. Dr. Édgar Elías Azar Traducción de Mario Melgar Adalid Juan Álvarez Atoyac, Guerrero, 1790-La Providencia, Guerrero, 1867 Defensor del federalismo y de las mejores causas sociales y liberales; ascendió a lo más alto de la carrera política y militar gracias a su talento y su profunda vocación de servicio a la patria. Forjador de victorias jurídicas y militares que hacen del Estado mexicano un ejemplo de constitucionalidad; estratega nato que peleó en las cinco guerras del siglo XIX: la de independencia que pervivió gracias a sus esfuerzos, la primera intervención francesa, la guerra mexicano estadounidense, la de reforma y contra el segundo imperio. Primer gobernador del estado de Guerrero y presidente de México. Artífice de la llamada “Ley Juárez”, que suprime los fueros militar y eclesiástico, lo que imprimió a nuestra república su carácter laico, igualitario y humanista; mediante esta acción dio al Distrito Federal su actual Tribunal Superior de Justicia, con carácter de Poder Judicial. Convocó al Congreso Constituyente de 1857, cuyo espíritu es el que hasta el día de hoy inspira los más altos ideales éticos y jurídicos de quien imparte justicia.
    [Show full text]
  • WAR UPON MEXICO US Army Mortality Statistics
    GO TO MASTER INDEX OF WARFARE WAR UPON MEXICO US Army Mortality Statistics War on Mexico 110 per 1,000 Civil War 65 per 1,000 “I do not think there was ever waged a more wicked war than that waged by the United States on Mexico. I thought so at the time, when I was a youngster, only I had not moral courage enough to resign.” — Ulysses S. Grant, PERSONAL MEMOIRS, 1885 “Fiddle-dee-dee, war, war, war, I get so bored I could scream!” —Scarlet O’Hara Over the years, people I’ve met have often asked me what I’m working on, and I’ve usually replied that the main thing was a book about Dresden. I said that to Harrison Starr, the movie-maker, one time, and he raised his eyebrows and inquired, “Is it an anti-war book?” “Yes,” I said. “I guess.” “You know what I say to people when I hear they’re writing anti-war books?” “No. What do you say, Harrison Starr?” “I say, ‘Why don’t you write an anti-glacier book instead?’” What he meant, of course, was that there would always be wars, that they were as easy to stop as glaciers. I believe that, too. — Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. SLAUGHTERHOUSE-FIVE OR THE CHILDREN’S CRUSADE A DUTY-DANCE WITH DEATH. NY: Dell, 1971, page 3. HDT WHAT? INDEX MEXICO MEJICO GO TO MASTER INDEX OF WARFARE 1632 Bernal Diaz del Castillo’s THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO. 1810 October 19, day: Mexican revolutionary leader Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla proclaimed the end of slavery in the nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tejanos and Anglos in Nacogdoches
    1 Tejanos and Anglos in Nacogdoches Coexistence on Texas’ Eastern Frontier Under the Mexican and Texan Republics, 1821-1846 Bryson Kisner, B.A. HIS679HB Submitted for partial requirement for the Plan II Honors Program And for Special Honors in the Department of History The University of Texas at Austin May 5, 2017 ________________________________________ Henry W. Brands, Ph.D. Department of History Supervising Professor ________________________________________ Emilio Zamora, Ph.D. Department of History Second Reader 2 Abstract Author: Bryson Kisner Title: “Tejanos and Anglos in Nacogdoches: Coexistence on Texas’ Eastern Frontier Under the Mexican and Texan Republics, 1821-1846” Supervising Faculty: Henry W. Brands, Ph.D. (First Reader), Emilio Zamora, Ph.D. (2nd Reader) In 1821, Texas and its citizens were part of Mexico. By 1846, Anglo-American immigrants had transformed the demographics, culture, and governance of Texas. Nowhere is this better exemplified than in Nacogdoches, Texas’ oldest city. The influx of Anglo-Americans into Texas and the accompanying regime changes transformed the Tejano border town into an Anglo-dominated city, prompting struggles over civil rights, economic power, and political authority between Mexican- and Anglo-Texans both as individuals and as ethnic communities. Several violent insurrections pitted Nacogdochians against Anglo and Mexican outsiders as well as each other, culminating in the largest organized revolt against the Republic of Texas by its own citizens: the ultimately doomed Córdova Rebellion of 1838 and 1839. Yet this was the last gasp of Tejano resistance to the Anglicization of East Texas. By 1846, Anglo numerical superiority and American annexation forced Nacogdoches’ Tejanos to accept an Anglo- dominated social hierarchy in order to preserve their rights, property, and community.
    [Show full text]
  • THE UNITED STATES and MEXICO 1861-1865 by Thomas T. Drum A
    The United States and Mexico, 1861-1865 Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Orum, Thomas Tondee, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 03:58:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551948 THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO 1861-1865 by Thomas T . Drum A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 7 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowl­ edgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the inter­ ests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: /f, ///y Date Professor of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to Professor Russell C.
    [Show full text]
  • Visiting Future Enemies Mexican Visitors to the United States, 1830S
    Visiting Future Enemies Mexican Visitors to the United States, 1830s In 1846, the United States and Mexico went to war. Less than two years later, the United States Army occupied Mexico City, and Mexico relinquished its northern territories to make the Yankees go home. But meeting in battle was far from the first contact that citizens of the two large North American countries had with each other. They interacted in the border regions of northern Mexico, in places like Texas and California. They also interacted in the cores of each country, as merchants and even prominent officials undertook journeys through each others’ nations. During the 1830s, three prominent Mexican officials—Lorenzo de Zavala, José María Tornel, and Antonio López de Santa Anna—undertook three separate journeys through the United States. Their journeys influenced how each man and their countrymen came to view the United States. Zavala and Tornel later published books on their journeys. They also influenced public opinion in both countries. Both U.S. and Mexican newspapers wrote stories about the men and their experiences. They were also, likely, the first Mexicans that many U.S.-Americans in the places they visited had seen. The following pages track these travelers through the United States, giving a view of their country’s northern neighbor from their eyes and the view of them through U.S.-Americans’ eyes. Sources Castañeda, Carlos Eduardo, Ramón Martínez Caro, Vicente Filísola, José Urrea, José María Tornel y Mendívil, and Antonio López de Santa Anna. The Mexican Side of the Texan Revolution. Dallas, Tex.: P.L.
    [Show full text]
  • 31295001712099.Pdf
    ITTISIAVERY SEIÎ IIvEIÍT Hí TEXAS, l821-l86l ZOIE ODOM HEWSOME, B.S. in Ed. A THESIS IN HISTQRY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Technological College in Partial Fulfillment of the Reqiuirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved August, 1968 PREFACE One hundred years ago the Negro slave was the catalyst of a bitter intemecine struggle in the Dhited States. Today, though freed from chattel slavery, he is still seeking to obtain his rightful place in the sun. In his pursuit he finds both approbation and condemna- tion; Just so, in pre-Civil War .America,; his state of servitude pro- duced a similar dichotomy of response, ITo'where in the South "was the divergence of opinion more clearly revealed than in Texas_, the cross- roads of many cultures, itself feeling the headiness of newly-won freedom, This paper is a survey, not of the obvious pro-slavery atti- tude in Texas, but of the less evident antislavery sentiment, tracing it from the period of American colonization to the outbreak of the Civil War. Such a study seems pertinent inasmuch as the civil rights movement of today bears a direct relationship to the "peculiar in- stitution" of yesterday; therefore, any contribution to increased understanding is a step toward obviating the problem of second-class citizenship. I am deeply indebted to Dr. David M. Vigness for his direc- tion of this thesis and to Dr. Emest Wallace for his helpful criti- cism. I am also grateful to the staffs of the Baylor Moody Library and thc Texas Collection, especially Professor and Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 8: Growing Tensions
    Growing Te nsions Why It Matters Tensions increased between Texans and the Mexican government in the 1820s and 1830s. Some Texans believed that separation from Mexico—even if it meant war—was the only solution to their grievances. Other Texans believed it was possible to remain a part of Mexico. Stephen F. Austin’s imprisonment in Mexico City pushed many Texans into believing that war was necessary. The Impact Today Almost all conflicts have two results that last longer than the wars themselves. First, hatred and suspicion often remain on both sides. Second, acts of courage are remembered long after the war. The Texas Revolution had both results. 1823 ★ Santa Anna rebels against Mexico’s Emperor 1826 Augustín de Iturbide ★ The Fredonian Revolt 18231825 1826 1828 1825 1828 • World’s first public • Noah Webster published railroad opened in an American dictionary Great Britain 184 CHAPTER 8 Growing Tensions Cause-Effect Study Foldable Make this foldable to organize information and describe the events that led to growing tensions in Texas during the 1820s and the 1830s. Step 1 Fold one sheet of paper in half from side to side. Fold the sheet vertically. Step 2 Fold again, 1 inch from the top. (Tip: The middle knuckle of your index finger is about 1 inch long.) Step 3 Open and label as shown. ACTIONS by REACTIONS Texas or Mexico Draw lines along the fold lines. Reading and Writing As you read this chapter, The many buildings in this view of Mexico City in the 1830s indicate record information that you learn about the actions and reactions of Texans and the Mexican the city’s wealth and importance.
    [Show full text]
  • A Life of Benito Juarez, Constitutional President of Mexico
    » Uliek R.Burke ir.i. Olnrnell IttioerBita ffiihtarg Utijata, Ntm ^atk BOUGHT WITH THE [NCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 Cornell University Library F 1233.J91B95 constitutional A life of Benito Juarez, 3 1924 020 429 696 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924020429696 A LIFE OF BENITO JUAREZ, .'V C, BENITO JURREZ, ^ien n\2rece figurar, al lado de los primeros heroes de la indepen- denria, el que coq indonable consiancia, valor civil sobre todo clogio, abnegacion y sufrimiealos de lode genero, salvo la misma independeacia A LIFE BENITO JUAREZ Constitutional President of Mexico. ULICK RALPH BURKE, M.A., Author of " A Life of Gonsalvo de Cordova," " Sancko Panza's Proverbs," Etc. REMINGTON AND COMPANY, LIMITED, LONDON AND SYDNEY. 1894. All Rights Reserved, PREFATORY NOTE. The following publications, constantly consulted by me in the course of my work, will be referred to as a rule under the abbreviated titles as here- after noted. I. —Le Comte Emil de Keratry. " L'Empereur Maximilien: son elevation et sa chute," i vol., Leipzig, 1867. [Keratry.] 2.—Le Comte Emil de Keratry. " La Cr6ance Jecker," i vol., Paris, 1868. IKeratry—Jecker.] 3. —Gustavo Baz. "Vida de Benito Juarez," i vol., Mexico, 1874. [^Baz-I 4.—Arrangoiz : "Historia de Mexico, desde 1808 hasta 1867," 4 volumes, Madrid, 1871. [Arrangoiz.] VI PREFATORY NOTE. 5. —Le Capitaine Niox. " L'Expedition du Mexique," i vol., Paris, 1874.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert DUNCAN
    Maximilian and Mexico’s First Steps toward the Global Marketplace (1864-1866) Dr. Robert H. Duncan University of California, Irvine On July 6, 1865, Maximilian gave a speech to commemorate the inauguration of the newly christened Imperial Academy of Sciences and Literature. In it, the emperor pledged to work with all his heart and soul for the good of Mexico. He then proceeded to outline a wide- ranging plan for the economic development of Mexico. The empire would not only work to expand agriculture and exploit Mexico’s “inexhaustible” mineral resources, but also establish a comprehensive network of railroads, steamships, and telegraph lines. Such improvements in infrastructure would place “Mexican ports in communication with world trade.” On these priorities, the emperor stressed, “the government actively works.” 1 The following essay explores the efforts by the Second Empire to use this new technology to expand Mexico’s economic base and integrate it into an emerging global economy. 2 For Mexico to enter this still-forming global economy required a two-pronged approach. Not only would the country need to enlarge its “basket of goods” that hitherto had been heavily weighted toward precious metals, but, more importantly, it needed to renovate its transportation and communication systems. In his instructions to the prefectos políticos in November 1864, Maximilian observed that Mexico would not be able to develop its commerce or see its agriculture flourish without first improving its communications. Luckily, nineteenth century technology—railroads, steamships, telegraphs, and the like—ostensibly offered the key to the problem of development. Rapid, modern, and cheap railroad transportation would allow the export of non- and semi-precious metals.
    [Show full text]
  • Aurality, the Battle of the Alamo, and Memory Michelle E
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2018 Of Cannonades and Battle rC ies: Aurality, The Battle of The Alamo, and Memory Michelle E. Herbelin University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Herbelin, M. E.(2018). Of Cannonades and Battle Cries: Aurality, The Battle of The Alamo, and Memory. (Master's thesis). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4742 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Of Cannonades and Battle Cries: Aurality, The Battle of The Alamo, and Memory by Michelle E. Herbelin Bachelor of Arts Baylor University, 2015 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2018 Accepted by: Mark M. Smith, Director of Thesis Simon Paul MacKenzie, Reader Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright by Michelle E. Herbelin, 2018 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION To my parents, Joe and Patricia Herbelin, and my little sister Elise, who have patiently indulged and cultivated my love for history and accompanied me on countless long visits to the Alamo. iii ABSTRACT This thesis takes a sensory-historical approach to the 1836 Siege and Battle of the Alamo, its inscription into history and its propagation as a touchstone of Texas’ memory and identity.
    [Show full text]