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The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2Nd December 1917
Centre for First World War Studies A Moonlight Massacre: The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2nd December 1917 by Michael Stephen LoCicero Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts & Law June 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The Third Battle of Ypres was officially terminated by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig with the opening of the Battle of Cambrai on 20 November 1917. Nevertheless, a comparatively unknown set-piece attack – the only large-scale night operation carried out on the Flanders front during the campaign – was launched twelve days later on 2 December. This thesis, a necessary corrective to published campaign narratives of what has become popularly known as „Passchendaele‟, examines the course of events from the mid-November decision to sanction further offensive activity in the vicinity of Passchendaele village to the barren operational outcome that forced British GHQ to halt the attack within ten hours of Zero. A litany of unfortunate decisions and circumstances contributed to the profitless result. -
The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom. -
The Evolution of British Tactical and Operational Tank Doctrine and Training in the First World War
The evolution of British tactical and operational tank doctrine and training in the First World War PHILIP RICHARD VENTHAM TD BA (Hons.) MA. Thesis submitted for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy by the University of Wolverhampton October 2016 ©Copyright P R Ventham 1 ABSTRACT Tanks were first used in action in September 1916. There had been no previous combat experience on which to base tactical and operational doctrine for the employment of this novel weapon of war. Training of crews and commanders was hampered by lack of vehicles and weapons. Time was short in which to train novice crews. Training facilities were limited. Despite mechanical limitations of the early machines and their vulnerability to adverse ground conditions, the tanks achieved moderate success in their initial actions. Advocates of the tanks, such as Fuller and Elles, worked hard to convince the sceptical of the value of the tank. Two years later, tanks had gained the support of most senior commanders. Doctrine, based on practical combat experience, had evolved both within the Tank Corps and at GHQ and higher command. Despite dramatic improvements in the design, functionality and reliability of the later marks of heavy and medium tanks, they still remained slow and vulnerable to ground conditions and enemy counter-measures. Competing demands for materiel meant there were never enough tanks to replace casualties and meet the demands of formation commanders. This thesis will argue that the somewhat patchy performance of the armoured vehicles in the final months of the war was less a product of poor doctrinal guidance and inadequate training than of an insufficiency of tanks and the difficulties of providing enough tanks in the right locations at the right time to meet the requirements of the manoeuvre battles of the ‘Hundred Days’. -
The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 18, ISSUE 2 Studies “Lessons learned” in WWI: The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917 Christian Stachelbeck The Battle of Arras in the spring of 1917 marked the beginning of the major allied offensives on the western front. The attack by the British 1st Army (Horne) and 3rd Army (Allenby) was intended to divert attention from the French main offensive under General Robert Nivelle at the Chemin des Dames (Nivelle Offensive). 1 The French commander-in-chief wanted to force the decisive breakthrough in the west. Between 9 and 12 April, the British had succeeded in penetrating the front across a width of 18 kilometres and advancing around six kilometres, while the Canadian corps (Byng), deployed for the first time in closed formation, seized the ridge near Vimy, which had been fiercely contested since late 1914.2 The success was paid for with the bloody loss of 1 On the German side, the battles at Arras between 2 April and 20 May 1917 were officially referred to as Schlacht bei Arras (Battle of Arras). In Canada, the term Battle of Vimy Ridge is commonly used for the initial phase of the battle. The seizure of Vimy ridge was a central objective of the offensive and was intended to secure the protection of the northern flank of the 3rd Army. 2 For detailed information on this, see: Jack Sheldon, The German Army on Vimy Ridge 1914-1917 (Barnsley: Pen&Sword Military, 2008), p. 8. Sheldon's book, however, is basically a largely indiscriminate succession of extensive quotes from regimental histories, diaries and force files from the Bavarian War Archive (Kriegsarchiv) in Munich. -
The Infantry School General Section Military History Committee Fort Benning, Georgia
THE INFANTRY SCHOOL GENERAL SECTION MILITARY HISTORY COMMITTEE FORT BENNING, GEORGIA ADVANCED OFFICERS COURSE 1946-1947 THE OPERATION OF COMPANY M, 105TH INFANTRY (27TH INF. DIV.) BATTLE OF MAK~ ISLAND, 30 OCT-25 NOV 1943 (Personal experience of a Company Executive 0£ficer) Type of operation described: COVERING FORCE IN AN AMPHIBIOUS OPERATION Captain Edwin c. Kalina, Infantry TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Index •••.••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•••••••••••••••• 1 Bibliography •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 27th Division Task Force •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 Geographical Features ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 The Plan •.••.......•.•••.••.•.• • . • . • . • . • . • . • . 6 Composition of Covering Forces •••••••••••••••••••• 8 Mission •·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 Voyage ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••·• 12 Landings •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 'Df-1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 Relief •.••••••••••.· .••••• •........................ 21 Re-embarkation ••••- . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 Analysis and Criticism •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 Lessons ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24 Conclusion ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. · 25 Map 1 General Map of Makin Atoll ................ 27 Map 2 - Western Half of Butaritari Island ......... 28 Overlay A - Positions of Detachment Z From 1200 20 Nov-24 Nov 1943 •••••••••• 29 -
Rustin Military Collection
Richard Rustin Military Books Donated 3 October 2009 THE RUSTIN MILITARY COLLECTION The Rustin Military Collection consists of nearly a thousand military books and periodicals collected by Richard E. Rustin during his lifetime. His wife, Ginette Rustin, donated this collection from his estate to the Archive Center and Genealogy Department, Indian River County Main Library, in October 2009 – April 2010. Richard E. Rustin passed away July, 2008. His wife considered him a genius regarding military history. He was a brilliant writer, a former reporter, manager and assistant chief of the New York news bureau. He edited coverage at the heart of the Wall Street Journal’s financial and economic news operations. He served in the U. S. Navy as an officer from 1956 to 1959. The focus of his collection centered on World War I and World War II. The collection also includes books on the Revolutionary War, Civil War, Mexican War, Korean War, and Viet Nam War, among others. Regimental histories and books of detailed campaigns, military science, military equipment and biography predominate. The library is very fortunate to have such a magnificent research collection containing many rare, out of print and hard to find volumes. It should be of great interest to anyone exploring military history. To date, the complete collection has been processed and is available to the public in the Genealogy Department. Use the online catalog at http://www.irclibrary.org or browse the list below. Title Author Publ Date 106th Cavalry Group in Europe J. P. Himmer Co. 1945 10th Royal Hussars in the Second World War 1939-45 Dawnay, D., etc. -
The History of the 1St Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment
Canadian Military History Volume 4 Issue 2 Article 5 1995 “Kangaroos at War”: the History of the 1st Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment John R. Grodzinski Royal Military College of Canada, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Recommended Citation Grodzinski, John R. "“Kangaroos at War”: the History of the 1st Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment." Canadian Military History 4, 2 (1995) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Grodzinski: “Kangaroos at War” John R. Grodzinski he Second World War witnessed the marching in the open or being carried on vehicles development and large scale use of many new with limited protection had to change.2 Simonds T 3 weapons: aircraft, armoured vehicles, had studied this problem in 1938 and in 1944 communications systems and rockets are but a found a solution in employing discarded few. An equally important revolution occurred in armoured vehicles modified to carry infantry. He tactics, where all armies had to learn how to ordered the Priest self-propelled guns recently integrate and use these systems in battle. turned in by the artillery regiments of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division to be converted to One innovation was the means by which infantry carriers. infantry was moved across the battlefield. The previous method of advancing in the open, On 31 July 1944, Brigadier CM. Grant, the "leaning into the barrage" had proven too costly. -
From Famine to Feast: the Give and Take of Food in a Global Subsistence Environment, 1-23
PACIFIC STUDIES Vol. 34, No.1 April 2011 FROM FAMINE TO FEAST: THE GIVE AND TAKE OF FOOD IN A GLOBAL SUBSISTENCE ENVIRONMENT Laurence M. Carucci Montana State University Food is the primary transac:tional sllbstance fClr EnewetakJUjdang peoplp I Hepllhlic of the Marshall Islands} and its prodllction, preparation, conslllnp tion and exchange arc central to how local people fashion and maintain social relationships ami how they construct identities. At the Salllf~ time. while the constitlltive properties of (ClOd have remained culturally vigorous, the foods thelllseives have changed radically under colonialism. In particular, rehabilita tion attelllpts in tl](' post-nllclear testing era on Enewdak introdllced extraor dinary rapid dietary changes in the cOlllnlllnity and resulted in the OllSpt of an epidemic of sedentary illnesses. The social practices that relate to (ClOd production and consllmption arc explored in this article providing a lens into the shifting ways in which viahle and vihrant id('ntities arc managed. A close collSideration of these (cl()(l-fl,lated practices also highlights the impact of an l'nlerging SC{'lIario of (lreign (lod dependency on the {'veryclay lives of lI){'mbers of this increasingly divPfse atoll sOl'idy. THE FOOD PRACTICES OF TIlE ENEWETAKIUJELANG COMMUNITY have shifted in dircct relation with changes in the social and environmental setting. Rather thall hringing stahility and a healthful life to the community as a whole and to its individual Jllembers, increasing colonial involvement has hrought greater instability. In particular, the community's unf()rtunatc involvement with U.S. nuclear testing ()llowing World War II not only increased people's anxieties about f(l()(is, it intensified the effects of global ization. -
T1.1 War on Land
Second World War Discovery Box Thematic Overview War on Land During the Second World War, the army was the largest of Canada’s three armed services. Over the course of the war, about 750,000 men and women served in the army, across Canada and in many parts of the world. Rebuilding the Army Before the war, Canada’s army was small, with After the Canadian Women’s Army Corps was outdated weapons and equipment. War meant created in 1941 about 25,000 women began more soldiers and better equipment, but it took serving in non-combatant roles. time to rebuild. Army units in Canada protected coastlines and In 1939, men made up almost all of the army, other important areas. The army also set up although women could serve as nurses. training bases across the country. The Army in Britain and Europe A significant portion of the Canadian army The Allies had to choose where to land in served overseas. Canada’s first soldiers arrived Europe to fight Germany and Italy. They in Great Britain in December 1939. decided to invade Sicily, part of Italy. Some Canadian army units participated in Allied By June 1940, most of western Europe was landings there in July 1943. This marked the occupied by Germany and Italy. Canadians beginning of ongoing operations for Canada’s trained for combat, while helping to defend army. After Sicily, Canadians fought Britain against possible German attack. Their in Italy until early 1945. first major engagement was on 19 August 1942, at Dieppe, France. Canadian casualties were heavy, with many dead, wounded, taken prisoner or missing. -
From the Routine of War to the Chaos of Peace: First
FROM THE ROUTINE OF WAR TO THE CHAOS OF PEACE: FIRST CANADIAN ARMY’S TRANSITION TO PEACETIME OPERATIONS – APRIL 23rd TO MAY 31st 1945 by Joseph Boates Bachelor of Arts in History, Royal Military College of Canada, 2005 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master’s of History in the Graduate Academic Unit of History Supervisor: Lee Windsor, Ph.D., Gregg Centre, History Examining Board: Lisa Todd, Ph.D., History, Chair Lee Windsor, Ph.D., History Cindy Brown, Ph.D., History David Hofmann, Ph.D., Sociology This thesis is accepted by the Dean of Graduate Studies THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK May, 2020 ©Joseph Boates, 2020 ABSTRACT This project explores the dynamic shift from combat to stability-building operations made by Canadian soldiers in the Netherlands at the end of the Second World War. This thesis is a comparative investigation of the experiences of two Canadian infantry brigades and one armoured brigade. The findings highlight similarities and differences between each brigade as they shifted from combat to peacetime roles depending on their trade specialty and geographical location. These case studies bring to light how the same war ended in different ways, creating unique local dynamics for Canadian Army interaction with the defeated German Army, the Dutch population which had been subjugated for five years, and efforts to maintain the morale of Canadian soldiers between the end of hostilities and a time when they could go home. These situations and experiences demonstrate that the same war ended not with the stroke of a pen, but at different times and under very different circumstances throughout First Canadian Army’s area of responsibility in the Netherlands in 1945. -
Xref Ml Catalogue for Auction 2
Online Auction 2 Page:1 Lot Type Grading Description Est $A COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA - Other Pre-Decimals Lot 326 326 PB 1958 War Memorial 5½d+5½d setenant die proof in the issued colour ACSC 341-2DP(1) removed from the presentation mount, large margins except at L/R where cut close, light adhesive-stains at left & right, Cat $4000. 500 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA - British Commonwealth Occupation Forces (B.C.O.F.) Lot 342 342 CB 1945 airmail cover with naval crest in green at U/L to GB with KGVI 3d purple-brown x3 tied by the woodcut 'TOKYO BAY/JAPAN' cancel with 'HMAS SHROPSHIRE/Official Signing of/Japanese Surrender' cachet in red and British 'POST/OFFICE - MARITIME/MAIL' machine in red, opened-out & minor blemishes. Unusual usage. 60 Ex Lot 343 343 VA 1946-48 Overprints ½d to 5/- Robes Thin Paper (unusually well centred) tied to plain cover by 'AUST ARMY PO/12OC48/214.' cds, Cat £275. (7) 200T Page:2 www.abacusauctions.com.au 10 - 12 October 2020 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA - British Commonwealth Occupation Forces (B.C.O.F.) (continued) Lot Type Grading Description Est $A Lot 344 344 CO B 1949 airmail cover (230x168mm) to London with rare franking of unoverprinted 3d 1/- Lyrebird & Robes Thin Paper 5/- strips of 3 (Cat $750 for a single on cover) tied by 'AUST ARMY PO/11JE49/214' cds in use at Empire House in Tokyo, vertical fold & minor blemishes. A very scarce franking in any circumstances, all the more desirable for being a BCOF in Japan usage. -
B Military Service Report
West Seneca Answers the Call to Arms Residents in World War II Town of West Seneca, New York Name: BABULSKI JOSEPH C. Address: Service Branch:ARMY - AIR FORCE Rank: CPL Unit / Squadron: 93RD AIRDROME SQUADRON Medals / Citations: ASIATIC-PACIFIC CAMPAIGN RIBBON 2 BATTLE STARS WORLD WAR II VICTORY MEDAL AMERICAN CAMPAIGN MEDAL ARMY AIR FORCES TECHNICIAN AP MECHANIC BADGE GOOD CONDUCT MEDAL Theater of Operations / Assignment: PACIFIC THEATER Service Notes: Corporal Joseph Babulski was stationed in Australia and saw action during the battles for New Guinea and Luzon in the Philippines, earning Corporal Babulski 3 Battle Stars Base Assignments: Miscelleaneous: Airdrome Squadrons were designed to provide the minimum number of personnel to run an air base for a limited time / Aviation Engineers would prepare a landing ground, then an Airdrome Squadron would start it running until a combat group, station complement squadron, service squadron, and/or various Army - Air Force units arrived to operate the base The Army Air Forces Technician AP Mechanic Badge was a badge of the United States Army Air Forces awarded to denote special training and qualifications held by the members of the Army Air Force The Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Ribbon (Medal) was a military awarded to any member of the United States Military who served in the Pacific Theater from 1941 to 1945 Battle (Combat) Stars were presented to military personnel who were engaged in specific battles in combat under circumstances involving grave danger of death or serious bodily injury from enemy action The American Campaign Medal/Ribbon (also known as the (ATO) American Theater of Operations Ribbon) was a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942 by President 2014 WWW.WSVET.ORG West Seneca Answers the Call to Arms Residents in World War II Town of West Seneca, New York Franklin D.