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Fallen 1914 - 1918 THE FALLEN 1914 - 1918 part two shenington THE FALLEN 1914-1918 About “The Fallen” – Part Two The author of The Fallen, a tribute to the men from Alkerton and Shenington who fell in the two world wars, is Alistair Cook of Tysoe Hill Cottage in Shenington. When former Shenington Green editor Carole Young appealed for information on the six men named on the Alkerton war memorial, Alistair, a confirmed ‘non-historian,’ decided to pursue a fascination cultivated over long dog walks: namely, the lost stories behind the many names engraved on the large chunks of stone that take pride of place in our local villages. The Fallen, Part Two follows the publishing of Part One in the December 2015 issue of the Shenington Green. Part one covered the stories of the men remembered on the Alkerton war memorial; part two honours the men whose names are listed on a plaque in Shenington church and Richard Coles, a young Shenington soldier whose name is honoured on a small wooden plaque hanging just below it. The Fallen was inspired by the stories of Epwell’s soldiers killed in the wars, compiled by local historian Eric Kaye, who also wrote the story of the Edgehill airfield. Alistair spent weeks finding the soldiers’ respective regimental details, where they are buried, what they had done, where they lived and the actions that took place on or around the dates they fell. This was all achieved with the help of the internet and a visit to the National Archives in Kew where Alistair was allowed access to all records, free of charge. After going on his own personal journey, tracing the conclusions to the short lives of Alkerton’s fallen soldiers, Alistair reflects: “I feel that the article is still not finished. Each man’s story could fill the pages of a book and I haven’t done them justice. But I hope this reminds the younger amongst us of the futility of war; that the terrible, incompre- hensible things that took place 100 years ago happened again a few years later, and are still happening.” That there’s some corner of a foreign field That is forever England. from The Soldier by Rupert Brooke JUNE 1916 Gunner Richard Bryan 128th (Oxford), Heavy Battery Royal Garrison Artillery Service No. 51 Richard ‘Dick’ Bryan was a labourer on a farm in Shenington. He was married to Sarah who was born in the village and in 1911 they had two sons, Dudley and Lesley. Dick joined the Oxford section of the Royal Garrison Artillery, no doubt his physical stature and working knowledge of horses and wagons made Dick ideally suited to the rigours of moving heavy artillery across the mud laden fields of Flanders. Artillery units in World War 1 played a vital role in counteracting the stalemate that was trench warfare. Noted WW1 historian, John Terraine, stated in his book White Heat “the war 1914-1918 was an artillery war: artillery was a battle winner, artillery was what caused the greatest loss of life, the most dreadful wounds and the deepest fear.” The 128th Heavy Battery was equipped with heavy 60 lbs 5 inch guns (the weight of the high explosive shell and the barrel size). The 128th was tasked with firing on enemy trenches and disrupting the enemy’s supply lines and troop build-ups. Deploying to France in March 1916, they moved to the NW sector of the front near the town of Arras. Artillery units were generally behind the ‘lines,’ out of sight, sometimes several miles behind the front line however this did not make the job any less onerous as it was the German artillery’s job to ‘neutralise’ the threat posed by the British artillery. A war diary entry by Sergeant Fred Hope of 212 Siege Battery, which was ‘dug in’ in and around the same sector as Dick, gives us idea of what daily life was like for Dick and his gun crew in France. It is interesting to note the mention of gas. Chemical weapons were first used in WW1 but their use constituted a war crime violating the 1899 and 1907 Hague declarations. Unfortunately, this did not stop the extensive use of poison gas on the field of battle. By the war’s end, all sides were using Phosgene, Chlorine and mustard gas agents to dreadful effect. March 23rd left for new position, stayed in barn all night, arrived new position (Aix Noulette) March 27th Heavy firing, took Vimy on Easter Monday – snowing all the time. April 24th Left for Lievin. April 25th RNAS wounded and died in hospital. Marshall wounded. April 26th Gas attack. April 27th Shelled out, moved guns to new positions. May 4th Lieutenant Faunch killed. May 7th Gas attack all night. May 8th Pemberth and Robertson wounded. May 13th Heavily shelled. Andrews, Chandler, Rymer and Mc Illworth killed. May 16th & 17th Very quiet. May 19th Very severely shelled. Bombardier Wiltshire killed also Hobby and four others wounded. Myself blown through passage but unhurt. Same day put barbed wire around guns. Limber (a two wheeled field carriage) blew up, no. 3 and 4 gun out of action. May 21st went to Aix Noulette for 7 days’ rest. June 7th (birthday) Heavily shelled. Bombardier Downey, Gunner Charge, Entwistle, Whittaker, Hopkins and Johnson killed. Cook, Parr and Pallyman wounded. Several others shook up and slightly shell-shocked. Gunner Dick Bryan was killed in action on the 6th June 1917. He was 29 years old. Presumably his battery was hit by enemy shell fire as he fell alongside his gun crew colleagues Gunners E. Cox, T.H Cripps and Weyman. They today lie in the Brandhoek Military Cemetery. Dick’s Grave reference is Plot11.Row C. No. 10. Dick is buried in the same military cemetery as Second Lieutenant Guy Crawford-Wood from Alkerton (Grave ref. 11. J.2. - killed in action on the 1st July 1916). SEPTEMBER 1916 Private George Henry Coles 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry Service No. 19416 George’s father, who was also named George Henry, was a market garden manager in the village of Mickleton Campden, Gloucestershire. His mother was Annie Elizabeth and he had a sister called Alice and a brother born after 1911. “Schlacht an der Somme” 1st July – 18th November 1916. The Battle of the Somme was one of the largest battles of the first world war in which more than one million men were wounded or killed, making it arguably the bloodiest battle in human history. The battle sadly claimed the lives of three Alkerton and Shenington men, Guy Crawford-Wood, Percy Perkins and George Coles. The general strategic position for the Somme offensive was decided at the Chantilly conference earlier in the year where the allied generals agreed a combined simultaneous offensive on the eastern front, by the Russian army, on the Italian front, by the Italians, and on the western front by the Franco-British armies. Sir Douglas Haig, who replaced Sir John French as commander in Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, favoured a British Chantilly Chateau near Paris offensive in Flanders to drive the Germans from the Belgian coast thus ending the U-boat threat from channel ports and waters. However, the French commander, General Joseph Joffre, overruled and ordered a combined offensive where the two armies met, astride the Somme River in Picardy. On the 21st of February the detailed battle plans were thrown in to chaos when the German army launched a bitter offensive to the south at Verdun. The defence of Verdun was vitally important to the French as the town epitomised the French fight for survival and nationhood. For centuries Verdun has played an important part in the defence of the country due to its strategic location on the river Meuse. ‘Attila the Hun’ failed to seize the town in the 5th century and the French were in no mind to allow it to fall to the Keiser in February 1916! The French were therefore forced to redeploy many divisions away from the Somme build-up. This changed significantly the Somme battle plan from an expected decisive victory to a smaller diversionary battle used only to relieve pressure on the French army at Verdun. The first day of the Somme offensive, 1st July 1916, began 141 days of fierce battle that would lead to an unimaginable 420,000 British casualties, 57,470 on the first day alone, 200,000 French casualties and approximately 500,000 German (German losses during this period are estimates due to the loss of many records during allied bombings in the second world war). The Battle, planned as a decisive breakthrough, is looked at by modern historians as a futile slaughter of young men. The lost generation. By November, the battle had ended in stalemate, with the Anglo French armies only able to advance five miles into German held territory. The Ox & Bucks Light infantry saw extensive service during the battle of the Somme, suffering heavily during the offensive. The regiment formed part of the 20th Light Division 60th Service Battalion. On the 28th July, the 2nd Battalion, with George in the ranks, moved to front line trenches near Waterlot Farm, which lies a few 100 metres to the north of the village of Guillimont. The area was of significant strategic importance as attacks in this area were intended to advance the right flank of the 4th British army and eliminate the salient further to the north around Deville wood. (A salient is a ‘bulge’ in the front line that allows the enemy to fire on you from three sides.) We know the fighting in this area was very fierce.
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