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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR WILLIAM A. STOLTZFUS, JR. Interviewed by: Lillian P. Mullin Initial interview date: May 18, 1994 Copyright 2 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Beirut, ebanon of missionary parents Raised in ebanon and Syria Princeton University Naval Air Corps Entered the Foreign Service in 1949 State Department - Public Affairs 1949-19,0 Ale.andria, Egypt - Economic Assistant 19,0 Environment Bengha/i, ibya - Consular assistant 19,0-19,0 Environment State Department - 19,0-19,1 - Arabic language training 19,0 Beirut, ebanon - Arabic language training 19,1-19,4 2u3ait City, 2u3ait - 4ice Consul 19,4-19,5 Environment British influence Arab e.patriates Operations Palestinian refugee program Damascus, Syria - Political officer 19,5 Soviet interests Anti-American policy U.S. policy Arab-Israeli issue 8eddah, Saudi Arabia - Political Office 19,5-19,9 Ambassador 9ads3orth 1 Mohammed Masod Embassy operations Note-taking Ambassador Heath Saudi royal family David Ne3som 2ing Saud;s U.S. visit Servants, slaves and entourage Dhahran Airfield agreement negotiations Beirut to 8eddah over land Non-Muslim religious services issue Environment Egyptian-Saudi relations 2ing Saud;s —digs“ Nasser;s Saudi distrust Cro3n Prince Faisal Saudi personalities U.S. oil companies 2ing Saud deposed and e.iled Yemen visit Yemen environment Aden, Yemen - Principal Officer 19,9 8ourney through the Protectorate Tai/, Yemen - Charg? d;affaires 1950-1951 Environment Political intrigue Communist presence Soviet contacts Mitchell PNG;d Foreign diplomatic representation Sanaa Imam Ahmad - assassination attempts Cro3n Prince Badr Hodeida fire Egyptian presence 8anet Stolt/fus;s school Imam;s movie sho3 egation office and residence Operations Amadeo Guillet Ambassador Reinhardt 8ohn Mecom Oil production iving in Yemen 2 State Department 1951-195, Personnel - Placement Officer 1951-1951 Assistant to Under Secretary of Political Affairs 1951 Algerian desk officer 1951-195, 2u3ait City, 2u3ait - Charg? d;affaires 195, National 9ar College 195,-1955 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - Political Officer 1955 -195A Emperor Haile Selassie Ethiopian Orthodo. Church Tribes Ambassador Ed 2orry Ni.on visit H. D. Humphrey 9edding day Riots Embassy operations Environment —Hyena man“ 4isiting Ethiopia The Ogaden Foreign interests 8eddah, Saudi Arabia - DCM 195A-1971 Royal family Shiites Saudi military —Black September“ overflight issue Yemen vacation 4.P. Agne3 visit Cadhafi visit 2ing Saud 2ing Faisal 2u3ait - Ambassador 1970-1975 Gulf states and Emirates —Chicken“ issue Shah Abdullah al 8ahr The Al Sabahs Abdul Rahman al Atee/i 2u3aiti personalities Gul/aman Environment 3 IraD U.S. interests Yom 2ippur 9ar Arms issue ebanese 3ar impact Security Congressional visits Regional infrastructures Gulf embassies establishing Democracy in the region 2u3ait succession issue Oil 2u3ait economy Gulf History INTERVIEW %: Ambassador Stolt(fus, could we begin by your telling us something about your background, where you were born and a bit about your parents, where you were raised, where you went to school and so on, STO TEFUS: Yes. My parents 3ere missionaries for 40 years in Syria and ebanon. My father 3as a Mennonite...gre3 up as a Mennonite in Ohio. My mother, 3ho 3as from Minnesota, 3as Presbyterian. They met in ebanon 3here both had gone right after 9orld 9ar I 3hen the Turks had been defeated and there 3ere many orphans and e.tensive devastation. 4arious organi/ations (under a program called Near East Relief) sent teams to help in one 3ay or another, especially in education and health. My mother 3ent out to teach in an orphanage in Sidon, ebanon. My father 3as basically a driver of supplies and handyman around the various mission activities in the country. They met and decided to get married and become Presbyterian missionaries. So I 3as born in Beirut in 1904 at the American University Hospital there. My father had various posts in ebanon, in Nabatiya in the south and in Suk al-Gharb, 3hich is a to3n in the mountains in the middle part of the country. And then he 3as transferred to Aleppo to become principal of the North Syria School for Boys, 3hich later became Aleppo College. 9e 3ere there for ten years. Dad 3as transferred in 1915 to Beirut to become president of Beirut College for 9omen, 3hich 3as then kno3n as the 8unior College for 9omen. He turned it into a four year college. No3 it is co-educational and called the ebanese-American University. So I gre3 up as a tiny tot in Nubatiya and Suk al-Gharb and subseDuently in Aleppo. My brother 8im and I 3ere sent to boarding school (the American Community School) in Beirut, I guess in the early 1910Is. And then 3e 3ent off on a furlough to America in 4 191,. 9e returned to ebanon in 1915. Dad 3as back as president of the college in Beirut. I remained in Beirut until 1941, 3hen I came to the States. I attended Deerfield Academy in Massachusetts for t3o years and then Princeton University, and then I 3as in the Naval Air Corps for t3o years bet3een Freshman and the rest of college years. I graduated in 1949 and then 3ent into the Foreign Service. %: Tell me, when you were very small and in Aleppo and other cities, what languages did you speak, STO TEFUS: There 3as no really good school for us little kids in Aleppo. 9e 3ent to Beirut to the American Community School 3hen I 3as eight and my brother 8im 3as si.. So before that 3e 3erenIt really at school, but 3e did have some tutoring by an American 3ho had come through Aleppo...George Rent/, 3ho later became a 3ell kno3n Arabist 3ho 3orked in Saudi Arabia for ARAMCO for years. But this 3as his first trip abroad. George Rent/ 3as the son of an admiral from California and he 3as just on a trip around the 3orld. My father talked him into teaching at the school for a year. So he 3as our tutor there. So 3e 3ere tutored and talked in English, but our friends 3ere mainly Armenian. Armenians had been thro3n out of Turkey after the massacres there. They 3ere dirt poor people but they 3ere our only playmates really. There 3as a family or t3o that lived across the street and 3e used to run around 3ith them. So 3e kne3 a certain number of Armenian 3ords. 9e learned a little French and some Arabic as 3ell. As little kids 3e 3ere thro3n pretty much on our o3n up there. It 3as a very small American community. %: Did you learn Arabic on the street, STO TEFUS: 9ell to some e.tent. 9hen I 3ent to Beirut, 3e 3ere largely an e.-pat community one has to say. The area 3as under the French mandate. ebanon and Syria both. And the French didnIt encourage Arabic studies. The schools 3ere reDuired to have French studies so 3e did study French. And of course 3e learned Arabic on the streets and from the servants 3e had and from the people 3ho helped around the school and so forth, and in the summer time 3hen you 3ere up in the mountains and 3ent camping, you 3ere dealing 3ith the mountaineers. So 3e had more of a feel for the language than a kno3ledge of it. To really learn it I 3ent to school later on at the Foreign Service Institute and then used an interpreter and got serious later on. But earlier it 3asnIt something 3e focused very much on, I must say. 9e kne3 3hat 3as called Jkitchen ArabicJ. %: Enough to get along on the street. STO TEFUS: Enough to get along on the street and in the mountains. %: .ow often were you in America on home leave, Do you remember much about 5 coming to the States, STO TEFUS: No. The only thing I remember is 3e came 3hen I 3as t3o years old. 9e came on a yearIs furlough. IIm not sure 3here 3e stayed. All I remember is the elephants in the /oo in Chicago. About the only thing I remember is those huge beasts. %: Lincoln Zoo, STO TEFUS: Yes. That is the only thing I remember. %: 0ho lived in Chicago, STO TEFUS: I havenIt a clueK I donIt remember at all. I donIt think 3e 3ere there any length of time. IIm not sure 3here 3e stayed. 9e may have stayed in Minneapolis 3hich is my motherIs home. 9e certainly did in 191,-15 3hen 3e came back and Dad got his MA from the University of Minnesota. Of course I remember that a lot better. My brother and I both 3ent to the local school there - the public school. And 3e lived out at the lake for a3hile. 9e had a house that 3e rented near my motherIs brother at ake Minnetonka, on GrayIs Bay, and 3e 3ent skiing in the 3inter. I remember that sort of thing. C. That was something different. STO TEFUS: It certainly 3as. The temperatures 3ere do3n to 40 degrees belo3 /ero...it 3as do3n to belo3 0, degrees for t3o 3eeks. %: 1elow zero. STO TEFUS: Belo3 /ero. And that 3as an unusual situation. Although there is fine skiing in ebanon. ebanon is great sno3 country. %: 2ery few people know that. STO TEFUS: Then it 3as back to Beirut 3here Dad 3as from 1915-,A, I think. He continued as the president of Beirut College for 9omen. %: Now why did they send you to Deerfield, STO TEFUS: 9ell, Frank Boyden (Jthe CuidJ), 3ho 3as the headmaster of Deerfield, 3as very encouraging. He liked to have boys from all over the 3orld. And 3e had some earlier families that sent their kids there.
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