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Middle East Institute

2005 Annual Report

The Institute (MEI) was founded in 1946 by , who would soon be named US Secretary of State, and George Camp Keiser, a Middle East scholar. The Institute was initially an adjunct of Johns Hop- kins University-School for Advanced International Studies but was then spun off as an independent non-profit organization. There were no organi- zations in the Washington area at that time that focused on the contempo- rary Middle East. MEI was designed to fill the void. The Institute’s charter promised:

“…to increase knowledge of the Middle East among citizens of the and to promote a better understanding between the peoples of these two areas.”

This remains the Institute’s objective.

Traditionally, MEI has not taken positions on issues and does not identify with a particular political party or with a specific side on the many disputes that have wracked the region. The Institute continues that policy today. In- stead, MEI offers a forum for debate, opinion, and analysis through a va- riety of educational and informational programs, including briefings and seminars, media outreach, a scholars program, a quarterly peer-reviewed scholarly journal, a language program, a library, and various conferences.

The Institute is supported by individual and corporate members, by in- dividual donors, and by foundations. MEI is a membership organization, but many of its programs are open to the public. Both policy papers and informational resources are available on its website.

1 Letter from the President

One year shy of our 60th anniversary, it is a time to reflect on the past and think of the future. Unfortunately, the Middle East is still a scene of conflict and that means we need to work harder in pursuing our mission to promote knowledge of the Middle East in America and strengthen un- derstanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region.

We have done a lot during the past year to further that goal, including more than 50 lectures on topics ranging from “Democratization in the Middle East” to “Educational Reform in and the .” Attendance to our events continues to increase. More than 1,500 MEI members, gov- ernment officials, congressional staffers, businessmen, and members of the media visited MEI to participate in our noontime briefings. Many more were able to read summaries or transcripts of the events on our website. The popularity of our programming has also attracted partners for larger events, including the Foundation for Middle East Peace and the Asia Foun- dation.

A special conference focusing on the Arab-Israeli peace process featured the top four negotiators under the Clinton Administration in a rare and insightful debate that was also webcast live to audiences in Texas and Ohio. The archived webcast is available through our website for media and schol- arly reference.

MEI’s 59th Annual Conference was a double-barreled success, garnering considerable media coverage for keynote speaker Prince Turki al-Faisal in his debut as the newly-appointed Saudi Ambassador to the United States. Former presidential advisor Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski addressed the Annual Conference Welcome Banquet. He provided a thought-provoking analysis of US policies toward the Middle East and advice on how to open chan- nels of communication rather than close them. Several panel discussions proved particularly prescient, especially the debate on Iraq’s political future and the discussion about competition for new energy sources. The con- ference attracted more than 400 people, including MEI members, staffers from Congress, embassy and US government officials, business executives, university students and professors, and the media.

Speaking of the media, MEI scholars and staff continue to provide reliable and balanced information and analysis to US and international media out- lets. As events in the Middle East warrant more thoughtful commentary, MEI continues to receive a large number of media queries and citations — well over 3,200 in 2005. We are reaching out to the American heart- land through media interviews, op-eds, meetings with editorial boards, and speaking engagements for our scholars and staff at universities, World Af- fairs Councils, and other gatherings. We also participated in media confer- ences in the Middle East, which allowed us to expand our reach into the 2 region with very positive results.

In a major step forward, MEI can now boast a fully accredited language and area studies program. Under Dr. Shukri Abed’s leadership, the Depart- ment of Languages and Regional Studies passed the rigorous requirements for accreditation by the Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training. The added value for our language program comes at a time when there is a great need for and Persian speakers. Enrollment in all our language classes has steadily increased to 1,012 students, a 13% increase over 2004.

In another MEI effort to improve communication between the peoples of the US and the Middle East, we officially launched the Sultan Qaboos Cul- tural Center (SQCC), thanks to the generous support and cooperation of the Sultanate of . The SQCC will explore and promote the culture and heritage of Oman, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and .

MEI has vital tasks to help educate, dispel stereotypes, and provide a fo- rum for dialogue. We have many talented people working on our behalf to fulfill our mandate. We appreciate the continued loyalty and support of our members and donors who share our belief that we can and do make a difference.

Edward S. Walker, Jr. President

3 MEI Programs

The Middle East Institute’s Programs offer an Middle East Institute in-depth, timely look at current events and the underlying issues spanning the region from Fractured Realities: A Middle East in Crisis Afghanistan to Morocco to . The sub- 59th Annual Conference stantive coverage offered by MEI’s 2005 confer- ences, panels, policy programs, book launches, The 59th Annual Conference was held on No- roundtable discussions and corporate briefings vember 7-9, 2005 at the National Press Club. As demonstrated its importance as a forum for conflicts and insurgencies continued to hinder discussion and dissemination of information efforts to foster positive changes in the Middle in Washington, beyond the Beltway, and to the East, MEI panelists offered detailed analysis on Middle East. pressing issues such as energy, intelligence gath- ering in the region, reconstruction efforts in Major Symposiums Iraq and Afghanistan, and prospects for Pales- tinian-Israeli peace after the Israeli withdrawal Lessons of Arab-Israeli Peacemaking: from Gaza. Four Negotiators Look Back and Ahead Welcoming Banquet Zbigniew Brzezinski, Former National Security As the Bush Administration re-engaged in Advisor Arab-Israeli peacemaking, the Middle East Institute hosted four of the top negotiators re- Keynote Address sponsible for US policy toward the peace pro- HRH Prince Turki Al-Faisal, Ambassador of cess under the Clinton Administration on April the Kingdom of to the US 25, 2005. Reflecting on their experiences and on what went right and what went wrong, these Collecting and Understanding US Intelligence seasoned negotiators brought invaluable les- on the Middle East sons to the revived efforts to broker peace in Frank Anderson, Retired CIA Operative the Middle East. Rand Beers, former Counterterrorism Advisor John Moore, retired Defense Intelligence , Saban Center at the Brookings Agency Analyst Institution, former US Ambassador to Moderator: Wayne White, Retired State and Assistant Secretary of State for Near East Deptartment Intelligence Analyst and MEI Affairs Adjunct Scholar

Robert Malley, International Crisis Group, The Escalating Conflict Between , Iran, former NSC Advisor for Arab-Israeli Affairs to and the US President Clinton of The New Yorker Hisham Melhem, host of “Across the Ocean,” Aaron David Miller, , former Al-Arabiya TV Deputy Special Middle East Coordinator Theodore Kattouf, President of AMIDEAST Moderator: Michael Collins Dunn, Editor of , Washington Institute for Near The Middle East Journal. East Policy, former US Ambassador and Spe- cial Middle East Coordinator Understanding the Global Insurgency Alberto Fernandez, Director of Public Moderator: Edward S. Walker, President of the Diplomacy in the US State Department 4 Michael Scheuer, author of Imperial Hubris Ehud Eiran, Harvard Research Fellow Robert Pape, author of Dying to Win Moderator: James Bennet, Zaki Chehab, Political Editor of Al-Hayat Magazine and LBC TV Moderator: Syed Farooq Hasnat, MEI Negotiations vs. Unilateralism Adjunct Scholar Daniel Kurtzer, Former US Ambassador to Israel Reconstructing Afghanistan and Iraq Gideon Grinstein, Founder and President of Larry Goodson, Director of Middle East Re’ut Institute Studies at the Army War College , Director of the Middle East Ali Jalali, Former Afghan Interior Minister Program at the International Crisis Group Samir Sumaidaie, Iraqi Representative to Moderator: Steve Solarz, APCO Worldwide the UN and Former US Congressman Phebe Marr, Senior Fellow at the US Institute of Peace Corporate Briefings Moderator: David Mack, Vice President of the Middle East Institute Crisis in Sudan John Limbert, Former Charge d’Affaires of the Where Will the Energy Come From? American Embassy in Khartoum David Goldwyn, CEO of Goldwyn International Strategies Raad Alkadiri, Director of the Country The Current Status of US-Syrian Relations Strategies Group, Petroleum Finance Margaret Scobey, US Ambassador to Syria Corporation Moderator: Herman Franssen, President of Egypt’s Role in Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian International Energy Associates and MEI Conflict Adjunct Scholar Omar Soliman, Chief of the Egyptian Intelligence Service Building a Successful Palestinian State Steven Simon and Ross Anthony, RAND Iran, the US and Europe Corporation Tim Guldimann, Swiss Federal Department of Laith Arafeh, Palestine Liberation Foreign Affairs Organization Schlomo Brom, US Institute of Peace Iraq and Issues for US Policy Moderator: Robert Danin, Deputy Assistant Richard Jones, Secretary of State’s Senior Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs Advisor and Coordinator for Iraq Policy Arguments for Both the One and Two-State Trip Report Solutions David Mack, Vice President of the Middle East Amjad Atallah, President of Strategic Institute Assessments Initiative Virginia Tilley, author of The One State Tunisian Views on Regional Issues and US-Tu- Solution nisian Relations Aaron David Miller, President of Seeds of Peace Habib Ben Yahia, Diplomatic Advisor to the President of Tunisia 5 Update on Afghanistan Following the Parlia- Azam University (Islamabad, ) mentary Elections Ronald Neumann, Ambassador to the Islamic State of Afghanistan Identity and Nation-Building in the Caucasus Update on Iraq and Iran: The Case of Azerbaijan Ronald Neumann, then senior staff member Cameron Brown, Deputy Director of the at the US Embassy of with special Global Research in International Affairs Center responsibility for political-military affairs EGYPT AND NORTH AFRICA Update on Chase Untermeyer, US Ambassador to Advancing Women’s Rights in Egypt Qatar; co-sponsored by the US Qatar Business Mona Zulficar, Egyptian Lawyer and Human Council Rights’ Activist

Policy Programs Democratization in the Middle East Saad Eddin Ibrahim, Egyptian Human Rights AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN Activist

Afghanistan’s Next Steps: Commentary on the Educational Reform in Egypt and the Arab Recent and Upcoming Elections World Massouda Jalal, Afghanistan’s Minister of Ahmad Gamal El-Din Moussa, Egypt’s Women’s Affairs Minister of Education

Afghanistan: To the Parliamentary Elections Morocco’s Islamist Awakening and Beyond Marvine Howe, Author of Morocco: The William Maley, Director of the Asia-Pacific Islamist Awakening and Other Challenges College of Diplomacy at the Australian National University GULF STATES

Approaching Challenges for a Democratic Abdullah’s Kingdom: Saudi Arabia after King Afghanistan Fahd Keith Schulz, Governance Advisor, USAID Thomas Lippman, MEI Adjunct Scholar and Marvin Weinbaum, MEI Adjunct Scholar Author of Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia Pakistan’s Domestic Scene Syeda Abida Hussain, former Pakistani Democracy, Women’s Rights, and Reform: Ambassador to the US Recent Developments in Syed Fakhar Imam, former Speaker of Brian Katulis, Freedom House Pakistan’s National Assembly Kelley Jones, Senior Resident Representative in Kuwait, National Democratic Institute Pakistan’s Foreign Policy toward Iran and Neil Hicks, Director of International Programs Afghanistan for Human Rights First Syed Rifaat Hussain, Professor at Quaid-I- 6 Dialogue with Yemeni Islamists Insights into Iranian Foreign Policy Hamoud Alhitar, Yemeni High Court Judge M. Javad Zarif, Iran’s Permanent Representative and Chairman of Yemen’s Dialogue Committee to the UN

Empowering Saudi Women Iran, Iraq and the Legacies of War HRH Princess Loulwa Al-Faisal, Princess of Lawrence Potter, Professor of International Saudi Arabia Affairs at Shaul Bakhash, Professor of Middle East Oman: Desert, Oasis, and Sea History at George Mason University MEI Associated Exhibit at 2005 Smithsonian Joost Hiltermann, Middle East Project Director Folklife Festival at the International Crisis Group

Opportunities for Economic and Political Iraqi Elections and Politics in Their Aftermath Reform in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Juan Cole, Professor at the University of Michi- Ghassan Al Sulaiman, Co-Chair of the gan National US-Arab Chamber of Commerce and Chairman of the Chamber of Insurgency and Iraqi Politics Commerce Aiham Al Sammarae, CEO of KCI Engineering Usamah Al Kurdi, Member of the Saudi and former Iraqi Minister of Electricity Consultative Council Kurdish Nationalism and State Formation Update on Saudi Arabia Robert Olson, Professor at the University of Khaled Al Maeena, Editor-in-Chief of Arab Kentucky and Author of The Goat and the News Butcher: Nationalism and State Formation in Kurdistan-Iraq IRAN AND IRAQ The Future of the Iraqi Oil Ministry Broadcasting to Iran and Iraq Issam Al Chalabi, former Iraqi Oil Minister David Newton, MEI Adjunct Scholar and former Director of Radio Free Iraq ISRAEL AND THE PALESTINIAN Stephen Fairbanks, former Director of Radio TERRITORIES Free Europe/Radio Liberty Persian Service A Briefing on Constitutional and Political Challenges Facing Hind Khoury, Minister of State for Jerusalem a New Iraqi Government Affairs Feisal Istrabadi, Iraq’s Deputy Representative to the UN After Iraq and Arafat: Israel between Syria and Palestine From Revolution to Stasis: The US and Iran Moshe Ma’oz, US Institute of Peace Fellow Henry Precht, former Chief of the Iran Desk at the State Department An Israeli Perspective on Gaza Disengage- Charles Naas, former Deputy Ambassador in ment Aharon Klieman, Professor at Tel-Aviv Univer- sity and Visiting Professor at UCLA 7 Beyond Gaza: Roadmap to Where? The Impact of Elections on Negotiations Yasser Abd Rabbo, Co-Author of the Geneva Saeb Erekat, head of the PLO Negotiations Af- Initiative fairs Department and an elected representative Yossi Beilin, Co-Author of the Geneva of Jericho Initiative and Leader of the Yahad Party The Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: New Conceptualizing a Successful Palestinian State Hopes and Old Realities Ross Anthony, Senior Economist at RAND Gershon Baskin, Co-Director of the Israel Pal- Corporation estine Center for Research and Information Steven Simon, Senior Analyst at RAND Corporation The Palestinian Economy in the Wake of Disengagement Ending the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Brief- Karen Koning AbuZayd, Commissioner-Gen- ing by Retired Shin Bet Director Ami Ayalon eral of the United Nations Relief and Works Ami Ayalon, retired Chief of the Israeli Navy Agency and former Director of the General Security Services (Shin Bet) The Palestinian Elections and Prospects for the Future Is a Two-State Solution Still Possible? Ziad Asali, President of the American Task Maen Areikat, Director General of the Force on Palestine Negotiations Affairs Department of the PLO Zeinah Salahi, Legal Advisor on Border Issues Will Israel End the Occupation of Gaza? for the Negotiations Affairs Department Geoffrey Aronson, Director of Research and Khaled Elgindy, Policy Advisor for Settlements Publications at the Foundation for Middle East for the Negotiations Affairs Department Peace

Israel and Palestine after the Gaza Withdrawal AND SYRIA Yael Dayan, Deputy Mayor of Tel Aviv Democratic Prospects in Syria Mapping Jerusalem: One Capital or Two? Najib Ghadbian, Professor at the University of Jan de Jong, Leading Mapmaker of the West Arkansas Bank, Gaza, and Jerusalem Hizbullah as an Actor in the Lebanese Post-Disengagement Security and Diplomacy Elections Danny Rothschild, President of the Council for Helena Cobban, Columnist for The Christian Peace and Security Science Monitor and Al-Hayat

The Case for Talking with Hamas and What’s Happening in Lebanon? Hizbullah Rami Khouri, Editor of the The Daily Star Alastair Crooke, UK Director of Conflicts Forum REGIONAL ISSUES Mark Perry, US Director of Conflicts Forum Democracy Promotion in the Middle East: A View from the Street Radwan Masmoudi, President of the Center for 8 the Study of Islam and Democracy Night Draws Near: Iraq’s People in the Shadow of America’s War Educational and Political Reform in the Middle Anthony Shadid, Washington Post Correspon- East dent Shafeeq Ghabra, President of the American University of Kuwait Shared Histories: A Palestinian-Israeli Dialogue Paul Scham, MEI Adjunct Scholar Moderate Islam and the Fruits of Economic Development Syria’s Terrorist War on Lebanon and the Peace Stephen Glain, Correspondent and Process Author of Merchants, Mullahs and Militants Marius Deeb, Professor at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies Public Diplomacy and Dialogue with the Arab and Islamic World Gunter Mulack, German Commissioner for Dialogue with the Islamic World

Religion and Diplomacy John Stempel, Professor at the University of Kentucky’s Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce

Russia in the Middle East: Is Putin Undertaking a New Strategy? Robert Freedman, Professor at and Baltimore Hebrew University

BOOK LAUNCHES

Devil’s Game: How the US Helped Unleash Fun- damentalist Islam Robert Dreyfuss, Rolling Stone Correspondent

Inheriting Syria: Bashar’s Trial by Fire Flynt Leverett

Inheriting the Holy Land: An American’s Search for Hope in the Middle East Jennifer Miller

Lipstick Jihad Azadeh Moaveni

Morocco: The Islamist Awakening and Other Challenges Marvine Howe 9 The Middle East Journal

The year opened with Adeed Dawisha’s article on democracy in Iraq under the monarchy, an article that drew considerable critical praise, given its challenge to the conventional wisdom that there is no history of democ- racy or parliamentary life in Iraq. The spring issue carried a range of ar- ticles on the shifting geopolitics of the region since the , while the summer issue was devoted to articles dealing with democracy, civil society, and other forms of political development in the region, including an article by Frauke Heard-Bey on the UAE. Autumn led with a major piece by John Entelis on the Maghrib. As always, each issue carried a major Book Review Essay as well as extensive reviews of new books in the field, and the quar- terly Chronology.

The Journal is concentrating its efforts on expanding its circulation and making the website more useful, with plans for selling individual articles through the website moving forward. TheJournal continues to be available on newsstands, primarily at Borders and Barnes & Noble outlets.

The year 2005 marked a year of change for The Middle East Journal. In February, Jennifer McElhinny, a recent MA in Arab Studies from George- town University and a former Peace Corps volunteer in , replaced Julia Voelker as the Journal’s Assistant Editor. In the summer, upon the de- parture of Managing Editor Amged Soliman, McElhinny was promoted to Managing Editor and Lindsay Morgan, holder of a recent Masters in Middle East Politics from the University of Durham (UK) and an expe- rienced journalist, joined the staff as the new Assistant Editor. Editor Mi- chael Dunn, Book Review Editor John Calabrese, Publications Assistant Nancy Wood, Circulation Assistant Lisa Barr, and General Services Officer Thomas Peck remained in their positions.

Middle East Journal Articles, 2005

Articles in Volume 59, Number 1, Winter 2005:

Adeed Dawisha, Democratic Attitudes and Practices in Iraq, 1921-1958 Carol J. Riphenburg, Ethnicity and Civil Society in Contemporary Afghanistan Murhaf Jouejati, Syrian Motives for its WMD Program and What to Do Hesham Al-Awadi, Mubarak and the Islamists: Why Did the ‘Honeymoon’ End? Robert D. Burrowes, The Famous 40: North Yemen’s First Generation Modernists Robert Parks, Algeria’s 2004 Presidential Elections (Stevens Award Essay) Simon Payaslian, Book Review Article, The US and the Armenian Genocide 10 Articles in Volume 59, Number 2, Spring 2005: Special Issue on Changing Geopolitics

Richard L. Russell, Iraq’s Chemical Weapons Legacy: What Others Might Learn Fairborz Mokhtari, No One Will Scratch My Back: Iranian Security Percep- tions in Historical Context Leila Farsakh, Independence, Cantons, or Bantustans: Whither the Palestinian State? Mustafa Kibaroglu, Clash of Interest Over Northern Iraq Drives Turkish-Israeli Alliance to a Crossroads Ziya Onis and Suhnaz Yilmaz, The Turkish-EU-US Triangle in Perspective: Transformation or Continuity Amaney Jamal and Sunaina Maira, Book Review Article, Muslim-Ameri- cans: Partners or Targets?

Articles in Volume 59, Number 3, Summer 2005: Special Issue on Democratization and Civil Society

Frauke Heard-Bey, The : Statehood and Nation- Building in a Traditional Society Jeremy Jones and Nicholas Ridout, Democratic Development in Oman Bruce Maddy-Weitzman, Women, Islam, and the Moroccan State: The Struggle over the Personal Status Law Sonia Cardenas and Andrew Flibbert, National Human Rights Institutions in the Middle East Esther Hertzog, Women’s Parties in Israel: Their Unrecognized Signifi- cance and Potential Clement M. Henry, Book Review Article, North Africa’s Desperate Regimes

Articles in Volume 59, Number 4, Autumn 2005:

John P. Entelis, The Democratic Imperative vs. the Authoritarian Impulse: The Maghrib State Between Transition and Steven R. Ward, The Continuing Evolution of Iran’s Military Doctrine Noga Efrati, Negotiating Rights in Iraq: Women and the Personal Status Law Gregory W. White, Free Trade as a Strategic Instrument in the ?: The 2004 US-Moroccan Free Trade Agreement Alon Kadish and Avraham Sela, Myths and Historiography of the 1948 Palestine War Revisited: The Case of Lydda Clark McCauley, Book Review Article, The Politics of Suicide Terrorism

11 Department of Languages and Regional Studies

In our 2004 Annual Report we wrote:

“The major challenge for this year [2005]… is the accreditation, a process we started last year…. I expect that we will be accredited as a school for continuing education by the end of 2005.”

We achieved this goal. On December 15, 2005, the Department of Lan- guages and Regional Studies was accredited as a post-secondary educa- tion institute by the Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training, a member of the International Organization for Standardiza- tion. Months of hard work by the Language Department staff, combined with tremendous support from the entire MEI family, resulted in a major achievement for the Department and the Institute in general. The accredi- tation, which must be renewed after three years, has put us on a new level, creating many opportunities, as well as new challenges.

There were several other departmental achievements in 2005. We cooper- ated with the University of Oklahoma for two successful summer sessions in Elementary and Intermediate Arabic, respectively. A description of this cooperation was offered in our 2004 Annual Report. Enrollment continued to increase. A total of 1,012 students attended winter, spring, summer, and fall semester language classes (274, 183, 256, and 299 respectively), an in- crease of 100 students from 2004, and the largest number of students to at- tend language and regional studies courses in MEI’s history. And although we are still perceived by many as primarily a language-training center, we succeeded in offering several regional studies courses.

MEI is on the right track in terms of the variety and quality of courses we offer. Language classes continue to be the main attraction; the Arabic and Farsi programs have a wonderful reputation in the Washington, DC-area.

Our regional studies courses have expanded to include: The Palestinian-Is- raeli Conflict, The Middle East for Strategists, and Contemporary Issues in the Arab World. We have also incorporated some cultural courses for the coming year. Our philosophy is to develop the regional studies offerings through a pragmatic evolution.

12 Sultan Qaboos Cultural Center

On August 31, 2005, the Ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman to the Unit- ed States, Mohammed Ali Al-Khusaiby, on behalf of his government and the Chairman of the MEI Board of Governors, , and Presi- dent Edward Walker, signed a Memorandum of Understanding that estab- lished and funded the Sultan Qaboos Cultural Center.

The mission of the new center is to educate the people of America and the Gulf region about the breadth and richness of each of our cultures, to pro- mote understanding between our peoples, and to educate a new generation of culturally-sensitive and knowledgeable citizens in each society.

Heidi Shoup, formerly Executive Director of the Mosaic Foundation, joined the SQCC as its Executive Director at the end of 2005. Deputy Executive Director, Mubarak Al-Busaidi was appointed by the Ministry of the Diwan of the Royal Court in . He is based in Oman and travels to Wash- ington for extended periods throughout the year.

The SQCC Board of Oversight is chaired by the incumbent Ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman in Washington, Hunaina Al-Mughairy. Other Board members include Amer Al-Rawas, Managing Director of OmanMobile, Mr. Al-Busaidi, MEI President Edward Walker and Vice-President David Mack, MEI Board member Hani Findakly, and SQCC Executive Director Heidi Shoup.

Plans are underway to host a number of cultural programs with particular focus placed on programs for students and audiences outside the Wash- ington, DC area. The SQCC is also developing a website that will act as a portal for information and cultural exchange.

13 The George Camp Keiser Library

The Library continues to provide a scholarly base for the educational mis- sion of the Middle East Institute. It houses the largest collection of books and periodicals on the Middle East in the Washington area, outside the Li- brary of Congress. Those who enjoy library privileges find a user-friendly facility for both research and recreational reading. The collection is acces- sible in a way the is not, and makes available the depth of background information often found only in out-of-print publications.

While most MEI programs focus on current events and the modern his- tory and languages of the region, the library helps assure that our work is rooted in a broad understanding of the long history, rich culture, and religious heritage of the Middle East. The Library has especially good col- lections on Islam and Islamic art. The recently inventoried rare book col- lection contains accounts by early scholars and travelers. A volunteer with cartographic expertise has organized the map collection to facilitate its use. Current events are also covered extensively, including the online availabil- ity at the library of both the Mideast Mirror and the Middle East Economic Digest.

In addition to its own collection, the George Camp Keiser Library houses a comprehensive collection of books related to from the American Turkish Association.

The library catalogue, thirteen library research guides (bibliographies of library holdings by subject), and a suggested reading list for individual countries and topics are available online at the MEI website. Additions to the library research guides during 2005 are: “Media and the Arab World” and “Iraqi Reconstruction.” Professor M. Cherif Bassiouni’s Introduction to Islam is also available via the library’s Web page. All of these resources are free and accessible to the public.

The Library’s normal hours of operation are 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. and 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. During 2005, we had to make some hard budgetary decisions, including elimination of the part-time position that made extended hours possible. We also decided that normal use of the George Camp Keiser Library should be the exclusive privilege of MEI members, US government officials, and members of the media. Other visi- tors are permitted a single introductory visit and encouraged to become MEI members to enjoy continuing privileges.

Our highly skilled librarian of many years, Ruth Van Laningham, left the Washington area in late 2005. Her successor, Simon Braune, has a Masters Degree in Library Sciences, as well as expertise in Middle East studies. He is also a former MEI intern, and is committed to serving our membership and other library users.

14 Leadership Development

Interest in the Middle East Institute’s Leadership Development Program continued to grow in 2005. MEI’s elite and respected internship program received an unprecedented 250 applications for the year and hosted 40 interns. Recruitment for the program has benefited from increased in- terest in language and regional studies courses, library resources, and the region itself. Interns come from colleges and universities across the coun- try and overseas, and each contribute to MEI’s mission to endow the next generation of Middle East experts with appreciation and respect for the peoples and culture of the Middle East. We continue to strive for diver- sity in the Leadership Development Program and have accepted students from a wide array of cultural and ethnic backgrounds, both from within the United States and abroad, including Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, France, and Bulgaria.

Interns are assigned to various departments in the Institute for the spring, summer, and fall semesters; the internships last from three to four months. In 2005, interns in the Programs Department researched speakers, pro- vided logistical support at briefings, and assisted with MEI’s 59th Annual Conference. Interns in the Publications Department compiled The Middle East Journal’s Chronology, wrote book annotations, and assisted in editing projects. Communications Department interns edited press releases and op-eds and covered congressional hearings. MEI also hosted interns in the Development department, and in the Public Policy Center, where gradu- ate-level interns conducted research for our scholars-in-residence. All interns attended MEI-hosted events and lectures and wrote policy briefs summarizing these conversations for publication and dissemination.

Many interns have stayed on or returned to the Washington, DC-area to es- tablish their careers, having developed contacts during their tenure at MEI. Our intern alumni occupy positions in Congress, the State and Defense Departments, academia, advocacy, think tanks, and the corporate world.

Intern Development Series

Established in 2003, the Intern Development Series (IDS) is a vital part of the internship experience at MEI. The IDS serves to prepare the next generation of leaders by giving interns a window into the variety of profes- sional opportunities available to them. The IDS consists of lectures given by MEI staff and outside experts to our interns, and reflects the Institute’s mission to promote better understanding of the Middle East. Interns play an active role in the series by suggesting topics for discussion and assem- bling background reading. In 2005 the IDS took interns to , Al-Jazeera, the Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the corporate offices of BP and Saudi Aramco, and the American Task Force on Palestine. Interns also met with intelligence experts, academics, and professionals from the State and Defense Departments. 15 Public Policy Center

The Middle East Institute’s Public Policy Center continues to support ex- perts from the United States and the Middle East who provide commen- tary and analysis on important regional issues. In 2005, 22 scholars-in- residence and adjunct scholars collaborated with the Center.

New Faces: Seven new adjunct scholars joined the Public Policy Center in 2005. Two are former MEI scholars-in-residence who returned to the Cen- ter during the year: Dr. Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Director of the Middle East- ern Studies Program at Syracuse University, and Dr. Moshe Ma’oz, former Advisor on the Peace Process and Arab issues to Israeli Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres. Dr. Syed Farooq Hasnat, former Chair- man of the Political Science Department at the University of the Punjab in , Pakistan, strengthened MEI’s available expertise on Pakistan and terrorism issues. Dr. Manual Hassassian, formerly of Bethlehem Univer- sity, helped provide commentary on the Gaza withdrawal and Palestinian politics until his November appointment as Palestinian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. The addition of two former US diplomats — former US Ambassador to Yemen Arthur Hughes and former US Ambassador to Iraq and Yemen David Newton — expanded the Institute’s availability to cover issues related to US policies toward the Middle East. Wayne White, former Deputy Director of the US State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research’s (INR) Near Eastern Division and coordinator of INR’s Iraq intelligence, has brought valuable insights to the evolving situation in Iraq and Iran.

On the Road: Throughout the year, Center scholars participated in key Washington-based forums dealing with Middle East-related topics. They also continued to brief US policymakers, including members of Congress and their staffs, US and foreign diplomats, and members of the media on rapidly changing events in the region.

MEI’s scholars also traveled extensively throughout the United States and overseas to participate in events organized by Chatham House, the Foreign Service Institute, National Defense University, the University of Chicago, the University of Nebraska at Lincoln, the University of Tennessee, and the World Affairs Councils in Charlotte, Chicago, Milwaukee, and Raleigh- Durham. Scholars also traveled extensively throughout the Middle East during the year. Some led educational tours, while others conducted re- search and engaged in outreach in Afghanistan, Egypt, Israel, Oman, Paki- stan, Sudan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

Writings: Op-eds and analytical articles by MEI experts appeared in nu- merous publications during the year, including The Baltimore Sun, The Daily Star (Lebanon), Foreign Service Journal, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Ha’aretz, The Jerusalem Post, Middle East Policy, Middle East Times, The Newark Star-Ledger, The Philadelphia Inquirer, The Middle East Journal, 16 The Toronto Star, US News and World Report, and .

Several MEI experts also authored, edited, or contributed to books pub- lished in 2005. Paul Scham’s co-edited work, Shared Histories: A Palestin- ian-Israeli Dialogue, was released in May. It looks at the common histori- cal narratives between Israelis and Palestinians. William Rugh authored American Encounters with Arabs: The “Soft Power” of US Public Diplomacy, which examines US efforts over the past 60 years to impact Arab public opinion. Marvin Weinbaum composed a chapter on Pakistan for America and the World in an Age of Terror. Louay Bahry contributed chapters on , Iraq, and Kuwait for the Encyclopedia Britannica 2005 Yearbook. David Mack, Louay Bahry, and Michael Dunn also contributed chapters to the tenth edition of The Middle East published by Congressional Quar- terly.

Communications

The Middle East Institute’s Communications and Outreach Department aims to broaden MEI’s domestic and international visibility. We reach into the US heartland through media contacts and speaking engagements to ac- tively engage and educate the American public about the Middle East. We have established reliable contacts among the media and a solid reputation among journalists for prompt and fair responses. As news broke about the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, the with- drawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon, elections in Iraq and the Palestinian Territories, the death of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, and the withdrawal of Israeli settlements in Gaza, we were ready to respond.

An ever-increasing number of journalists and policymakers now turn to MEI for insightful, balanced commentary and analysis. For the second straight year, MEI received over 3,200 annual media inquiries and citations, and our response rate jumped to better than 74%. In 2005, we received an average of 270 inquiries and citations per month.

At the same time, the Institute has reached into the region itself to help bridge the gap of misunderstandings that often strain relations. Through our senior staff and scholars, who are well versed in the intricacies of Mid- dle East and US politics, we have provided timely responses to media que- ries from the region and beyond. They have also provided insightful com- mentaries for a variety of Middle East publications and are increasingly in demand as thoughtful commentators.

Individuals from the Institute have appeared in a variety of domestic and international television, radio, print, and Internet outlets, including Al 17 Jazeera, Al Arabiya, Al Hayat, An Nahar, the , BBC, CBC, CNN, , , The Daily Star, Financial Times, , The New York Times, NPR, Time, Voice of America, The Wash- ington Post, and Zaman, as well as a host of smaller papers throughout the US that rely on AP, Knight Ridder, , and UPI where we have close contacts and beneficial exchanges.

In a more pro-active approach to the media, MEI has initiated media alerts in advance of major scheduled news events to remind journalists of ap- propriate MEI experts who are available to respond to their questions. Feedback has been very positive. We also offer assistance to reporters and editors when they travel to the region.

MEI senior staff and scholars have been invited to participate at a num- ber of conferences and educational institutions throughout the nation and world. In the past year, MEI scholars and experts have spoken in a num- ber of key regional US cities, including Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Portland, New York, and Seattle, and have visited numerous countries in the Middle East.

MEI senior staff also testified before Congressional hearings and privately briefed Members of Congress and their staffs on events related to the Mid- dle East. MEI President Edward Walker testified before the House Armed Services Committee in September on risks facing the Middle East and North Africa. Vice President David Mack addressed a September ad-hoc hearing convened by Rep. Lynn Woolsey (D-CA) on strategies for with- drawing from Iraq.

As part of MEI’s effort to increase member benefits, the Communications Department has initiated a special e-mail service called Insight that reports and evaluates MEI meetings with visiting delegations and personalities. Currently, MEI Corporate members and Patrons receive this service. Re- cent Insights have included reports on MEI senior staff visits to the region, meetings with leading Moroccan political leaders, and a visit from a del- egation of Egyptian business leaders.

MEI’s program series continues to draw strong media attention. Seven MEI programs were covered by C-SPAN in 2005. Print, television, and radio journalists regularly attend MEI’s noon-time lecture series. Over 100 journalists and camera crews attended MEI’s 59th Annual Conference in November; stories regarding the conference ran in more than 80 US and foreign publications.

MEI has updated and redesigned its Media Resource Guide to offer a more comprehensive, user-friendly resource. It includes the area of expertise, ex- perience, and education of each scholar, as well as a breakdown of experts 18 by geographic location and topic. The guide appears on the MEI website and is accessible to the media and the general public.

Our website is continually updated to better serve public users and MEI members. Registration for MEI’s Languages and Regional Studies courses is now primarily done online, and MEI Perspectives, Policy Briefs, Tran- scripts, and Manuscripts are regularly updated to provide access to timely MEI publications.

19 Donors

PRESIDENT’S CIRCLE Marathon Oil Company Stanley Weiss Northrop Grumman Abdul Latif Jameel Company The Olayan Group SUSTAINING MEMBERS Chevron Corporation Rawabi Holding Company The Coca Cola Company Riyad Bank James Akins ConocoPhillips Sedco Services, Inc. Teymour Alireza ExxonMobil Vinnell Corporation Peter Bowe Raytheon Thomas Davies Saudi Aramco FOUNDATIONS Roderick French Shell Norbert Goldfield H. Dodge Foundation E. Thomas Greene DIRECTOR’S CIRCLE ExxonMobil Foundation F. Wallace Hays Foundation for Middle East Peace Jean-Louis Imhoff American Science and The Hauser Foundation Mark Kantor Engineering, Inc. Joukowsky Family Foundation Robert McGinn BAE Systems, Land & Armaments Lakeside Foundation Christopher Murray Bank of Sharjah US Civilian Research and William Nash The Boeing Company Development Foundation David Newton BP Valmont Contributions Roscoe Suddarth Contrack International, Inc. Committee Qubad Talabany Dar Al-Handasah Michael and Ann Van Dusen Dutco Group BENEFACTORS Philip Wilcox E.A. Juffali and Bros. I. William Zartman General Dynamics Corporation Bequest of Mrs. Harley C. Stevens Hunt Oil Company (The Middle East Journal) CONTRIBUTING Investcorp MEMBERS Japan Bank for International PATRON MEMBERS Cooperation Betty Atherton Kuwait Petroleum Corporation Joseph Brand Susan Ball USA, Inc. Sandra Charles Graeme Bannerman Lockheed Martin Corporation Abdulmagid El Mansuri Roby Barrett National Bank of Dubai Joseph Englehardt Occidental Petroleum The Eurasia Foundation Elliott Cattarulla Corporation Gary Feulner Frances Cook The Sandi Group Hani Findakly Charles and Anne-Marie Daris Valmont Industries Wyche Fowler Philip Dean HP Goldfield Richard Debs STANDARD CORPORATE Randa Fahmy Hudome Robert Dillon James Holman Craig Dunkerley Hamid Jafar Arab Banking Corporation (BSC) Mona Aboelnaga Kanaan Jose Fernandez Baker Hughes David and Rosamond Mack Benedict FitzGerald Abdullah S. Bugshan & Bros. Koji Murata Edward Gabriel Concord International Barbara Gottschalk Investments William Quandt Hurst Groves Fluor Corporation R.K. Ramazani Colbert and Mildred Held Ford Motor Company William Reinsch Edwin Howe Fouad Alghanim & Sons Co. James and Betty Sams Roy Huffington GE Asset Management Masaharu Takenaka H. Frederick Hutchinson General Motors Corporation Elahe Vakil Kamal Ibrahim Edward Walker T. Parker Jones 20 Robert Keeley Ibrahim Khalifa Holsey Handyside Fakhruddin Khalil Ernestine King Brad Hanson Mohamad Khouja Randy Kloetzli Dona Harvey John Kincannon Eric Kuhne Scott Hibbard William Kirby Paul Leon James Holman Bernard Krawczyk Dayton Mak Norman Howard Dennis Kux Charles Naas H. Frederick Hutchinson William Lehfeldt David Pearce Cecilie Jones Stephen Lintner Leila Poullada Anne B. Keiser Jan Mares US. Qatar Business Council Allen Keiswetter Paul Martin Carl Shankweiler John Kelly Laura Mateo Evan Sirota Donald Leidel Geoffrey Milton Dane Smith Stephen Lintner and Pamela John Moore Lawrence Velte Johnson David Nalle David and Rosamond Mack John O’Connell END-OF-YEAR DONORS Jan Mares Philip Olsson Phebe Marr Richard and Jean Parker The following contributions are William Milam (Pakistan/ B. Donovan Picard for the general fund, except when Afghanistan Programs) James Placke indicated. Richard and Anne Murphy John Poole Christopher Murray Amelie Porter Nicholas Angell Charles Naas Dwight Porter Henri Barkey (The Middle East Donald Norland Alfred Prados Journal) Laura Osman John Root Anne Boardman (The George Don and Maya Peretz Marion Sanger Camp Keiser Library) James Placke Stanley Sheinbaum Gloria Bodine Dwight Porter Nijyar Shemdin Steve Buck (Leadership Alfred Prados Cheryl Sukhtian Development Program) Henry Precht Michael Sterner Christian Chapman Karl Reiner Patrick Theros Michael Clark John Root Lawrence Thompson Henry Clifford Dudley Sadler Ugo Tramballi Hope Cobb James and Betty Sams Ronald Wilson Frances Cook Carl Shankweiler Brooks Wrampelmeier Thomas Davies (Department of Stanley Sheinbaum Sandra Yeaman Languages and Regional David and Judy Shinn Studies) Donald Snook OTHER CONTRIBUTORS Carole Davison Ronald Bruce St John (The C. Ernest Dawn George Camp Keiser Library) Robert Bramlett Richard Debs Michael Sterner Henry Clifford Hermann Eilts Philip Stoddard Juan Cole Joseph Englehardt Steven Cook Tucker Eskew (in honor of MEI Joseph Walt C. Ernest Dawn Board Member H.P. Goldfield) Mohamed Wasfy Richard Debs Raymond Ewing Charles Weiss Ronald Edwards Gary Feulner Nancy Wood (The Betsy Folkins (The George Camp Evan and Leman Fotos Middle East Journal) Keiser Library) Wyche Fowler Evan and Leman Fotos Robert Freedman Colbert and Mildred Held Frank Golino Lauretta Kendrick Peter Gubser 21 ANNUAL CONFERENCE SILVER SPONSORS Arab Banking Corporation The Boeing Company PLATINUM BP ExxonMobil Embassy of the Republic of Kuwait Information Office Yemen Raytheon Embassy of the Sultanate of Embassy of the State of Qatar Oman Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Embassy of the United Arab Saudi Aramco Emirates Shell Foundation for Middle East Peace GE Asset Management GOLD Lockheed Martin Northrop Grumman American Chamber of Reves Center for International Commerce in Egypt Studies, College of William and BAE Systems, Land & Armaments Mary Bilateral US-Arab Chamber CONTRIBUTORS of Commerce Center for Middle East Peace & Economic Cooperation Contrack International Chevron Corporation Embassy of the People’s The Coca Cola Company Democratic Republic of DUTCO Group Algeria General Dynamics Embassy of the Arab Republic of Gulf International Bank Egypt Hunt Oil Company League of Arab States Kuwait Petroleum Corporation National Bank of Dubai USA National US-Arab Chamber of Libyan Liaison Office Commerce Occidental Petroleum Orascom Telecom Corporation United Gulf Management United Nations Foundation US Civilian Research & Development Foundation Valmont Industries

GIFTS-IN-KIND

The Middle East Institute would like to recognize David and Rosamond Mack for their gift to Harvard Uni- versity’s Center for Middle East Studies toward the purchase of one-year Associate memberships for all the incoming MA and PhD candidates. We would also like to thank the National Gallery of Art for hosting a tour of their Carpet Collection and the exhibit “Monumental Sculpture from Renaissance Florence: Ghiberti, Nanni di Banco and Verrochio at Orsanmichele” during our Annual Conference. We are grateful to Aramco Services Company and BP for hosting the Intern Development Series for our summer and fall interns. We would like to thank the Bank of Sharjah of the United Arab Emirates for providing Ambassador David Mack’s transportation while traveling in that country.

22 Financial Statement

December 31, 2005 and 2004 2005 2004 ASSETS

Current Assets Cash and cash equivalent $914,573 $777,438 Accounts receivable 4,632 6,336 Prepaid expenses 57,896 23,916 Certificates of deposit 206,930 201,361 Total Current Assets 1,184,031 1,009,051

Property and Equipment Buildings and improvement 1,121,432 1,110,390 Office equipment and furniture 403,670 395,524 Land 334,115 334,115 Total Cost 1,859,217 1,840,029 Accumulated Depreciation (994,658) (868,564) Net Property and Equipment 864,559 971,465

Other Assets Investments 1,761,152 1,826,540

Total Assets $3,809,742 $3,807,056

LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS

Current Liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses 57,138 74,030 Deferred revenue 137,211 168,986 Total Liabilities 194,349 243,016

Net Assets Unrestricted net assets 3,469,941 3,485,246 Temporarily restricted net assets 145,452 78,794 Total Net Assets 3,615,393 3,564,040

Total Liabilities and Net Assets 3,809,742 3,807,056

23 BOARD OF PAST CHIEF Gary Sick GOVERNORS EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Barbara Slavin Barbara Stowasser Wyche Fowler, Jr., Roscoe S. Suddarth, Chairman 1995-2001 LIBRARY COMMITTEE Edward S. Walker, Jr., Robert V. Keeley, President of MEI and 1990-1995 ex-officio Member of Lucius D. Battle, 1986- Ruth Baacke the Board 1990 Susan Ball David L. Mack, L. Dean Brown, 1975- Betsy Folkins Senior Vice President 1986 Anne B. Keiser of MEI and ex-officio Lucius D. Battle, 1973- Thomas W. Lippman Member of the Board 1975 David L. Mack Alix H. Kauffman, Parker T. Hart, 1969- Chris Murphy Treasurer of the Board 1973 Richard B. Parker Judy Shinn, Raymond A. Hare, Milton Viorst Secretary of the Board 1966-1968 Kermit Roosevelt, William M. Arnold 1964-1966 David D. Bosch James Terry Duce, Joseph L. Brand 1960-1963 Jeffrey M. Cunningham Bayard Dodge, 1960 John L. Esposito Edwin M. Wright, Jose W. Fernandez 1959-1960 Hani Findakly Angus Sinclair, 1958 H. P. Goldfield Edwin M. Wright, James K. Holman 1956-1957 Anne B. Keiser George Camp Keiser, Kay Larcom 1946-1956 Paul Martin Thomas E. Meurer THE MIDDLE EAST Aaron D. Miller JOURNAL BOARD OF Richard W. Murphy ADVISORY EDITORS Phyllis E. Oakley Laura Osman Robert H. Pelletreau Jon Alterman William A. Reinsch Muriel A. Atkin Betty H. Sams Shaul Bakhash Michael Sterner Henri Barkey Philip C. Wilcox, Jr. Helena Cobban Mary-Jane Deeb MEMBERS EMERITI Graham E. Fuller Edmund Ghareeb Lucius D. Battle Phebe Marr Charles W. Hostler John Moore Majid Khadduri Jean C. Newsom Dayton S. Mak Richard B. Parker Richard B. Parker Don Peretz Rouhollah K. Ramazani R.K. Ramazani Roscoe S. Suddarth Bernard Reich Sabri Sayari 24 STAFF AS OF DECEMBER 2005 EXECUTIVE AND LANGUAGES AND Muge Oruc ADMINISTRATION REGIONAL STUDIES Regional Studies:

Edward S. Walker, Jr., Shukri Abed, Chairman Mohamed Elmenshawy President Mary Brock, Adina Friedman David L. Mack, Language Assistant Paul Scham Senior Vice President Mohammed Taleb, Alix H. Kauffman, Language Assistant Vice President for PROGRAMS Administration INSTRUCTORS (CONFERENCES AND Anne-Marie Daris, SEMINARS) Director of Arabic: Development Judy K. Shinn, Atef Abdelmalak Clayton Swisher, Assistant to the Shukri Abed Director of Programs President Ouijdane Absi Jill Elizabeth Zabel, Peter Hollin, Maher Alfararja Programs Officer IT Specialist Hossam Barakat Thomas Peck, Mohamed Elmenshawy General Services Samir Latif OUTREACH Officer Nadia Masid Sofian Riabi Nawar Saddi Laurie Kassman, PUBLICATIONS Awatef Samaan Director of Ghadeer Tarazi Communications and Leila Tarzi Outreach Michael Collins Dunn, Jennifer Tobkin Michael Jackson, Editor Communications and Jennifer McElhinny, Hebrew: Outreach Officer Managing Editor John Calabrese, Yaniv Gelnik Book Review Editor Joshua Goodman SQCC Lindsay Morgan, Tal Fishman Assistant Editor Scott Houck Heidi Shoup, Executive Nancy C. Wood, Joy Kolin Director Publications Assistant Alon Lanier Lisa Jacqueline Barr, Circulation Assistant Persian:

Sina Behmanesh LIBRARY Mohammad Firouzdor Mehrdad Froozan Shabaan Haddadi Ruth Van Laningham, Mohamed Ismaili Librarian Sepideh Jafari

Turkish:

Huseyin Aydin 1761 N Street, NW Washington, DC 20036 USA

TEL 202-785-1141 FAX 202-331-8861 www.mideasti.org