The Foreign Service Journal, July 1996
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Safety and Conservativity of Definitions in HOL and Isabelle/HOL
This is a repository copy of Safety and conservativity of definitions in HOL and Isabelle/HOL. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/161207/ Version: Published Version Article: Kunčar, O. and Popescu, A. orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-0619 (2018) Safety and conservativity of definitions in HOL and Isabelle/HOL. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 2 (POPL). 24. ISSN 2475-1421 https://doi.org/10.1145/3158112 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Safety and Conservativity of Definitions in HOL and Isabelle/HOL ONDŘEJ KUNČAR, Technische Universität München, Germany ANDREI POPESCU, Middlesex University London, United Kingdom and Institute of Mathematics Simion Stoilow of the Romanian Academy, Romania Deinitions are traditionally considered to be a safe mechanism for introducing concepts on top of a logic known to be consistent. In contrast to arbitrary axioms, deinitions should in principle be treatable as a form of abbreviation, and thus compiled away from the theory without losing provability. -
American Diplomacy Project: a US Diplomatic Service for the 21St
AMERICAN DIPLOMACY PROJECT A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Ambassador Nicholas Burns Ambassador Marc Grossman Ambassador Marcie Ries REPORT NOVEMBER 2020 American Diplomacy Project: A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 www.belfercenter.org Statements and views expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Design and layout by Auge+Gray+Drake Collective Works Copyright 2020, President and Fellows of Harvard College Printed in the United States of America FULL PROJECT NAME American Diplomacy Project A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Ambassador Nicholas Burns Ambassador Marc Grossman Ambassador Marcie Ries REPORT NOVEMBER 2020 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs | Harvard Kennedy School i ii American Diplomacy Project: A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................3 10 Actions to Reimagine American Diplomacy and Reinvent the Foreign Service ........................................................5 Action 1 Redefine the Mission and Mandate of the U.S. Foreign Service ...................................................10 Action 2 Revise the Foreign Service Act ................................. 16 Action 3 Change the Culture .................................................. -
Chapter 6 Global Forest Products Trade Model
© CAB International 2021. - For personal use of authors. 6 Global Forest Products Trade Model PRAKASH NEPAL1 , JosEPH BuoNGIORNo2 , CRAIG M.T. JOHNSTON3 , JEFFREY PRESTEMON4 AND JINGGANG Guo5 1 USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 2Universityof Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 3Bank of Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada; 4USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; 6RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Abstract This chapter introduces the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM). The general model structure and the mathematical formulation of the GFPM are provided and key differences and similarities to the modeling approaches developed in the previous chapters are high lighted. The usefulness of the GFPM as a forestsector toolfor policyanalysis is illustrated by summarizing its applications in a wide array of past and ongoing studies. Thesestudies are summarized under four representative groups: (i) forest sector outlook studies; (ii) studies evaluating the consequences of tariff and non-tariff barriers on the international trade of forestproducts; (iii) studies projecting theimpacts of climate change and forest-based climate change mitigation strategies on forestsand forestindustries; and (iv) other studiesdealing with other important questions, such as the effects of the rise in global planted forest area, illegal harvests, and invasive species. Some of the limitations of GFPM, ways to mitigate these limi tations, and its overall usefulness as a forest sector policy analysis tool are also examined. The Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) offers an alternative approach to the spatial price equilibrium (SPE) trade models described in the previous chap ters and the models reviewed by Latta et al. -
The Foreign Policy of the Arab Gulf Monarchies from 1971 to 1990
The Foreign Policy of the Arab Gulf Monarchies from 1971 to 1990 Submitted by René Rieger to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Middle East Politics in June 2013 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………… ………… 2 ABSTRACT This dissertation provides a comparative analysis of the foreign policies of the Arab Gulf monarchies during the period of 1971 to 1990, as examined through two case studies: (1) the Arab Gulf monarchies’ relations with Iran and Iraq and (2) the six states’ positions in the Arab-Israeli conflict. The dissertation argues that, in formulating their policies towards Iran and Iraq, the Arab Gulf monarchies aspired to realize four main objectives: external security and territorial integrity; domestic and regime stability; economic prosperity; and the attainment of a stable subregional balance of power without the emergence of Iran or Iraq as Gulf hegemon. Over the largest part of the period under review, the Arab Gulf monarchies managed to offset threats to these basic interests emanating from Iran and Iraq by alternately appeasing and balancing the source of the threat. The analysis reveals that the Arab Gulf monarchies’ individual bilateral relations with Iran and Iraq underwent considerable change over time and, particularly following the Iranian Revolution, displayed significant differences in comparison to one another. -
Great Cloud of Witnesses.Indd
A Great Cloud of Witnesses i ii A Great Cloud of Witnesses A Calendar of Commemorations iii Copyright © 2016 by The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America Portions of this book may be reproduced by a congregation for its own use. Commercial or large-scale reproduction for sale of any portion of this book or of the book as a whole, without the written permission of Church Publishing Incorporated, is prohibited. Cover design and typesetting by Linda Brooks ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-962-3 (binder) ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-966-1 (pbk.) ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-963-0 (ebook) Church Publishing, Incorporated. 19 East 34th Street New York, New York 10016 www.churchpublishing.org iv Contents Introduction vii On Commemorations and the Book of Common Prayer viii On the Making of Saints x How to Use These Materials xiii Commemorations Calendar of Commemorations Commemorations Appendix a1 Commons of Saints and Propers for Various Occasions a5 Commons of Saints a7 Various Occasions from the Book of Common Prayer a37 New Propers for Various Occasions a63 Guidelines for Continuing Alteration of the Calendar a71 Criteria for Additions to A Great Cloud of Witnesses a73 Procedures for Local Calendars and Memorials a75 Procedures for Churchwide Recognition a76 Procedures to Remove Commemorations a77 v vi Introduction This volume, A Great Cloud of Witnesses, is a further step in the development of liturgical commemorations within the life of The Episcopal Church. These developments fall under three categories. First, this volume presents a wide array of possible commemorations for individuals and congregations to observe. -
Islam - Washington's New Dilemma :: Middle East Quarterly
Islam - Washington's New Dilemma :: Middle East Quarterly http://www.meforum.org/289/islam-washingtons-new-dilemma Islam - Washington's New Dilemma by Benjamin Gordon Middle East Quarterly March 1996, pp. 43-52 http://www.meforum.org/289/islam-washingtons-new-dilemma Benjamin Gordon is a consultant at Corporate Decisions, Inc., Boston, and a recent graduate of Yale College. Does the U.S. government have a coherent policy toward fundamentalist Islam? Fundamentalists themselves are convinced not only that Washington has a policy but that it is a consistent and aggressive one. Iran's former ambassador to the United Nations, Said Raja'i Khourasani, asserts that the American position "has not changed" over the years: "The language is always the same -- it is threatened or it is threatening."1 On the other side, scholars and diplomats tend to see incoherence in policy toward fundamentalists as they do about foreign policy in general. Richard Haass speaks for many when he holds that "public statements by administration officials about the purposes of U.S. foreign policy have been inconsistent or simply ambiguous.2 In fact, neither side is entirely correct. While there has been a coherent policy, it has changed over time. Since 1979, when Iranian fundamentalist Muslims overthrew Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi and stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran, Washington has undergone a series of subtle shifts in its policy toward fundamentalist Islam. From Presidents Reagan to Bush to Clinton, the U.S. government has migrated from rhetorical confrontation to timid outreach to outright accommodation. The following analysis focuses on official U.S. -
U.S.-Turkish Relations: a Review at the Beginning of the Third Decade of the Post-Cold War
U.S.-Turkish Relations a review at the beginning of the third decade of the post–cold war era 1800 K Street, NW | Washington, DC 20006 Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199 E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org Report Coordinators Bulent Aliriza Bulent Aras November 2012 ISBN 978-0-89206-759-6 Ë|xHSKITCy067596zv*:+:!:+:! Blank U.S.-Turkish Relations a review at the beginning of the third decade of the post–cold war era Report Coordinators Bulent Aliriza Bulent Aras November 2012 About CSIS—50th Anniversary Year For 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has developed practical solutions to the world’s greatest challenges. As we celebrate this milestone, CSIS scholars continue to provide strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart a course toward a better world. CSIS is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 full-time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analysis and de- velop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Since 1962, CSIS has been dedicated to finding ways to sustain American prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world. After 50 years, CSIS has become one of the world’s pre- eminent international policy institutions focused on defense and security; regional stability; and transnational challenges ranging from energy and climate to global development and economic integration. Former U.S. senator Sam Nunn has chaired the CSIS Board of Trustees since 1999. John J. Hamre became the Center’s president and chief executive officer in 2000. -
After the Accords Anwar Sadat
WMHSMUN XXXIV After the Accords: Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet Background Guide “Unprecedented committees. Unparalleled debate. Unmatched fun.” Letters From the Directors Dear Delegates, Welcome to WMHSMUN XXXIV! My name is Hank Hermens and I am excited to be the in-room Director for Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet. I’m a junior at the College double majoring in International Relations and History. I have done model UN since my sophomore year of high school, and since then I have become increasingly involved. I compete as part of W&M’s travel team, staff our conferences, and have served as the Director of Media for our college level conference, &MUN. Right now, I’m a member of our Conference Team, planning travel and training delegates. Outside of MUN, I play trumpet in the Wind Ensemble, do research with AidData and for a professor, looking at the influence of Islamic institutions on electoral outcomes in Tunisia. In my admittedly limited free time, I enjoy reading, running, and hanging out with my friends around campus. As members of Anwar Sadat’s cabinet, you’ll have to deal with the fallout of Egypt’s recent peace with Israel, in Egypt, the greater Middle East and North Africa, and the world. You’ll also meet economic challenges, rising national political tensions, and more. Some of the problems you come up against will be easily solved, with only short-term solutions necessary. Others will require complex, long term solutions, or risk the possibility of further crises arising. No matter what, we will favor creative, outside-the-box ideas as well as collaboration and diplomacy. -
Submission Data for 2020-2021 CORE Conference Ranking Process International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning
Submission Data for 2020-2021 CORE conference Ranking process International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning Franz Baader, Viorica Sofronie-Stokkermans Conference Details Conference Title: International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning Acronym : IJCAR Rank: A* Requested Rank Rank: A* Recent Years Proceedings Publishing Style Proceedings Publishing: series Link to most recent proceedings: https://link.springer.com/conference/ijcar Further details: The proceedings are published in Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI). The proceedings usually contain regular papers and system descriptions accepted at the main conference. (IJCAR 2020 also contained a small number of short papers, which were clearly marked as short papers.) Most Recent Years Most Recent Year Year: 2018 URL: http://ijcar2018.org Location: Oxford, UK Papers submitted: 108 Papers published: 46 Acceptance rate: 43 Source for numbers: http://ijcar.org//conferences General Chairs Name: Ian Horrocks Affiliation: University of Oxford, UK Gender: M H Index: 96 GScholar url: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=0ypdmcYAAAAJ DBLP url: https://dblp.org/pid/h/IanHorrocks.html Program Chairs Name: Didier Galmiche Affiliation: UniversitÃľ de Lorraine, France Gender: M H Index: 19 (according to Semantic Scholar) GScholar url: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=de&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Didier+Galmiche&oq= DBLP url: https://dblp.org/pid/82/76.html 1 Second Most Recent Year Year: 2016 URL: https://www.uc.pt/en/congressos/ijcar2016 -
Inconsistent U.S. Representation in Saudi Arabia: a Continuing Problem | the Washington Institute
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 789 Inconsistent U.S. Representation in Saudi Arabia: A Continuing Problem by Simon Henderson Oct 2, 2003 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Simon Henderson Simon Henderson is the Baker fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Brief Analysis he surprise announcement that Robert Jordan, U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia, will leave his post by mid- T October means that Washington will lack an authoritative voice in the kingdom at a crucial time in the war on terror. One State Department official has claimed that Jordan's resignation was for personal reasons and that "Saudi Arabia holds him in the highest regard." Yet, other reports suggest that Jordan's public and semipublic criticisms of the kingdom have annoyed Riyadh. Controversial Remarks In the months since May 12, 2003, when ten Americans were killed in attacks against three expatriate residential compounds in Riyadh, several of Ambassador Jordan's comments have created a stir. Analysts are accustomed to U.S. officials employing a cautious and laudatory approach when publicly describing relations with Saudi Arabia. Hence, many were astonished when, during an interview with CBS News soon after the Riyadh attacks, Jordan stated that Washington's previous requests for increased security at the compounds had been ignored. He made similar comments to the New York Times a day later, this time singling out Crown Prince Abdullah and Saudi foreign minister Prince Saud al-Faisal for praise. By implication, Jordan was pointing the blame in the direction of Interior Minister Prince Nayef, who is in charge of internal security and has a reputation for being difficult. -
Archives This Page Lists the Approximately 1,900 Archival Items
Archives This page lists the approximately 1,900 archival items that are held by the N.E.S.T. Special Collections. The majority of these items are from the Syria Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), and later of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. (PCUSA), as well as affiliated institutions, such as the American Mission Press, the Chouir Conference Center, the Gerard Institution, the Anglo-American Church and N.E.S.T. itself. Items range from personal diaries of missionaries, correspondences, institutional records, brochures, school yearbooks, newspapers, pamphlets and stamps. Photographs and maps are listed in separate indexes due to their size, location in the Special Collection Room and descriptive details. The archives of the Syria Mission were originally organized by missionary James Willoughby in 1966, the index of which is archival item 432. Willoughby's arrangement was not preserved during the transference of the N.E.S.T. library to its location on Ras Beirut in 1974. As such, in 2012 a project was initiated under the title Preserving Protestant Heritage in the Middle East (PPHME) with the aim of reorganizing N.E.S.T.’s Special Collections. During the first phase of the PPHME the archival items were indexed according to the order that they were found. As a result, only some items are grouped according to affiliated organization. Part of the next phase of the PPHME project is to organize the archival material into subject areas. As such, each archival item is given a temporary inventory number (as opposed to a more permanent shelf mark). -
List of Contents
LIST OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………..…………………… i PART I: DOCUMENTS WITH A RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND …….................……….…….…. 1 1. JEWISH STATEMENTS AND POSITIONS ………………………………………….…..………. 3 Communication from Chief Rabbi Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky to the United Nations Ad Hoc Palestine Committee, 18 November 1947 …………………………………………………………………. 3 Memorandum on Jerusalem Sent by Chief Rabbi of the Orthodox Community in Palestine, Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky, to the UN, 19 November 1947 ……………………………………………………. 3 Communication from the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of America to Karel Lisicky, Chairman of the UN Palestine Commission, 13 April 1948 ……………………………………………………………………. 4 Memorandum by Neturey Karta of the Orthodox Jewry, Jerusalem, to the UN Secretary-General, 18 July 1949 …………………………………………………………………………..………………………. 4 Memorandum on the Conditions of Ashkenazi Jews from the Council of the Ashkenazi Jewish Community, Jerusalem, 21 February 1950 …………………………………………………………………. 6 World Jewish Congress (WJC), Declaration on Jerusalem, Adopted at the WJC 8th Plenary Assembly, Jerusalem, January 1986 ………………………………………………………………….……. 8 Proclamation of the Third International Christian Zionist Congress, Jerusalem, 29 February 1996 [Excerpts] ……………………………………………………………………………………………..………. 9 Rabbi Zalman B. Melamed, ‘The Word - From Jerusalem’, Aired on Arutz-7, 26 September 1996 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 The Orthodox Union Response to President Clinton’s Waiver of Jerusalem Embassy Act Funding Sanction, 18 June 1999 ……………………………………………………………………………………….