Scale Surface Structure of Mugil Cephalus (Teleostei; Mugilidae)
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Mechanics of Composite Elasmoid Fish Scale Assemblies and Their
journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 19 (2013) 75–86 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/jmbbm Mechanics of composite elasmoid fish scale assemblies and their bioinspired analogues Ashley Browninga, Christine Ortizb,n, Mary C. Boycea,n aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA article info abstract Article history: Inspired by the overlapping scales found on teleost fish, a new composite architecture Received 28 July 2012 explores the mechanics of materials to accommodate both flexibility and protection. These Received in revised form biological structures consist of overlapping mineralized plates embedded in a compliant 5 November 2012 tissue to form a natural flexible armor which protects underlying soft tissue and vital Accepted 11 November 2012 organs. Here, the functional performance of such armors is investigated, in which the Available online 24 November 2012 composition, spatial arrangement, and morphometry of the scales provide locally tailored Keywords: functionality. Fabricated macroscale prototypes and finite element based micromechanical Biomimetic models are employed to measure mechanical response to blunt and penetrating indentation Composite loading. Deformation mechanisms of scale bending, scale rotation, tissue shear, and tissue Natural armor constraint were found to govern the ability of the composite to protect the underlying Fish scale substrate. These deformation mechanisms, the resistance to deformation, and the resulting work of deformation can all be tailored by structural parameters including architectural arrangement (angle of the scales, degree of scale overlap), composition (volume fraction of the scales), morphometry (aspect ratio of the scales), and material properties (tissue modulus and scale modulus). -
Multi-Scale Analysis of Habitat Association in a Guild of Blennioid Fishes
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 125: 31-43.1995 Published September 14 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Multi-scale analysis of habitat association in a guild of blennioid fishes Craig Syms* University of Auckland Marine Laboratory, PO Box 349, Warkworth, New Zealand ABSTRACT: The degree to which reef fish are associated with parhcular reef characteristics has been the subject of much debate. It is increasingly clear that the strength of the relationship between reef fish and their habitat may be dependent on the scales at which the reef habitat is categorised. Conse- quently, scale must be explicitly incorporated into any investigation of fish and habitat association. I addressed the problem of scale by examining changes in the composition of a guild of blennioid fishes (comprising 13 species in the families Tripterygiidae and Blenniidae) relative to the scale at which their habitat was defined. Correspondence Analysis was used to display differences in guild structure At large, geographical scales, characteristic blenniold assemblages could be detected. Changes in gulld structure were due partly to differences in numerical dominance of a set of generalist species and, to a lesser extent, species composition. At broad scales, the blennioid assemblage displayed species- specific depth patterns and association with macroalgal cover. A core group of species was found at all depths, while others were restricted in depth and biogenic habitat type. The degree of shelter provided by topographic features characterised the blennioid assemblage at fine scales, and habitat specialisa- tion became apparent at this scale The patterns detected in this survey indicate scales at which ques- tions about processes generating these patterns may be profitably addressed. -
Training Manual Series No.15/2018
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CMFRI Digital Repository DBTR-H D Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Science and Technology Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Department of Biotechnology CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual This is a limited edition of the CMFRI Training Manual provided to participants of the “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals” organized by the Marine Biotechnology Division of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), from 2nd February 2015 - 31st March 2018. Principal Investigator Dr. P. Vijayagopal Compiled & Edited by Dr. P. Vijayagopal Dr. Reynold Peter Assisted by Aditya Prabhakar Swetha Dhamodharan P V ISBN 978-93-82263-24-1 CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Published by Dr A Gopalakrishnan Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB.No:1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi-682018, India. 2 Foreword Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi along with CIFE, Mumbai and CIFA, Bhubaneswar within the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology of Government of India organized a series of training programs entitled “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals”. -
18 Morphology of Scales in Three Teleost Species from Godavari River Basin in Parts of Maharashtra, India
International Journal of Zoology Studies International Journal of Zoology Studies ISSN: 2455-7269; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.14 www.zoologyjournals.com Volume 1; Issue 6; September 2016; Page No. 18-22 Morphology of scales in three teleost species from Godavari river basin in parts of Maharashtra, India Sumayya Ansari, * Shivaji Chavan, Sharda Padghane Fisheries Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India Abstract Scale surface morphology provides new and useful information on fish taxonomy. Several characters of scales are established and being used as a taxonomic tool. Scales in three teleosts species were observed and measured from eight regions of fish body that represented different size, shape and characters. From the results, it was concluded that scale morphology and its surface patterns can be valuable tools to investigate systematic relationship among the fish species, scale structure is also useful to recognize food chain in aquatic ecosystem which will be helpful to maintain and conserve different components in freshwater food chain. Keywords: Fish Scale, Morphology, Teleosts, Godavari river 1. Introduction the age of fish in years. The impressions and surface pattern of Fishes are one of the widely distributed and diverse group of circulii on scale served as a blue print for some physiological animals in the world. Due to overfishing & habitat destruction studies. Besides this there is role of scales in fish biology having this diversity is decreasing. Taxonomic identification of fishes numerous hidden details in their two or three dimensional design is essential to conserve them and to understand their role in the that helps effectively to identify and classify the fishes. -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued iMilVj^NSlSi ^y ^ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 96 Waihington: 1946 No. 3204 A REVISION OF THE GENEKA OF MULLETS, FISHES OF THE FAMILY MUGILIDAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW GENERA By Leonard P. Schultz During my recent studios of the mullets of Venezuela I became interested in the gonci-ic relationships of the ^fuJ^ilidao and attempted to define the genera of this group of fishes. To accomplish this I examined specimens of the mugilid species that have been made genotypes, basing my diagnoses on specimens in the United States National Museum. The numerous genera of the family have not been well defined, and I failed to locate any key or contribution in which all the genera of the world were compared. This study is a provisional one. Much more work needs to be done before the various genera are thoroughly understood, especially in regard to those centering around Afugil and Chelon as herein defined. My conclusions were made after several hundred specimens from most parts of the world were examined; the material used is summarized under each genus. No attempt is made to place under each gemis all the species that may belong there, since that task would rccjuirc the n^cxamination of the types of all described species, scattered in museums throughout the world. Several ichtiiyologists have studied the Mugilidae, i)resenting in keys or diagnoses their understanding of certain genera. Among the recent ones may be mentioned Jordan and Evermann (U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 47, pt. -
Order MUGILIFORMES MUGILIDAE
click for previous page Mugiliformes: Mugilidae 2069 Mugiliformes: Mugilidae Order MUGILIFORMES MUGILIDAE Mullets by I.J. Harrison and H. Senou iagnostic characters: Medium- to large-sized fishes; elongate with subcylindrical body. Head often Dbroad and flattened dorsally (except Aldrichetta and Cestraeus). Eyes often partly covered by adipose “eyefold” tissue. Mouth small or moderate in size, terminal or inferior; premaxillae protractile; teeth relatively small, hidden or absent. Two short dorsal fins, well separated; first with IV slender spines; second dorsal fin usually with 9 or 10 soft rays; anal fin short with II or III spines and 7 to 12 soft rays in adults; caudal fin emarginate or forked; pectoral fins inserted high on body; dorsal ray of pectoral fins developed as a short spur or ‘spine’ (not a true spine); pelvic fins with I spine and 5 soft rays, inserted about equidistant between origins of pectoral fins and first dorsal fin. Lateral line absent. Scales large to moderate size, cycloid or ctenoid on head and body, with 1 or more longitudinal rows of striae (grooves); with membranous hind margin in Valamugil; 24 to 64 scales in longitudinal series on midline, counted from just behind head (behind operculum), above pectoral fins, to point of caudal flexure (i.e. not including scales on caudal fin); 18 to 16 transverse scales, counted from origin of pelvic fins to origin of first dorsal fin; 15 to 27 scales in transverse series entirely around caudal peduncle; large, modified scales may be present above pectoral and pelvic fins (axillary scales) and below first dorsal fin. Oral and branchial filter-feeding mechanism involving gill rakers and a specialized “pharyngobranchial organ” comprising large, denticulate “pharyngeal pad” and pharyngeal “sulcus” on each side of pharyn- gobranchial chamber (less evident in Aldrichetta and Cestraeus). -
Teleost Fish Scales Amongst the Toughest Collagenous Materials
journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 52 (2015) 95–107 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/jmbbm Research Paper Teleost fish scales amongst the toughest collagenous materials A. Khayer Dastjerdi, F. Barthelatn Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada article info abstract Article history: Fish scales from modern teleost fish are high-performance materials made of cross-plies of Received 27 May 2014 collagen type I fibrils reinforced with hydroxyapatite. Recent studies on this material have Received in revised form demonstrated the remarkable performance of this material in tension and against sharp 23 September 2014 puncture. Although it is known that teleost fish scales are extremely tough, actual Accepted 27 September 2014 measurements of fracture toughness have so far not been reported because it is simply Available online 6 October 2014 not possible to propagate a crack in this material using standard fracture testing fi Keywords: con gurations. Here we present a new fracture test setup where the scale is clamped Fish scales between two pairs of miniature steel plates. The plates transmit the load uniformly, Collagen prevent warping of the scale and ensure a controlled crack propagation. We report a À2 Toughness toughness of 15 to 18 kJ m (depending on the direction of crack propagation), which fi fi Process zone con rms teleost sh scales as one of the toughest biological material known. We also Crack bridging tested the individual bony layers, which we found was about four times less tough than the Bio-inspired materials collagen layer because of its higher mineralization. -
From Scales to Armour: Scale Losses and Trunk Bony Plate Gains in Ray
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.09.288886; this version posted September 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 From scales to armour: scale losses and trunk bony plate gains in ray- 2 finned fishes 3 Alexandre Lemopoulos1, Juan I. Montoya-Burgos1,2,3 4 1. Department of Genetics and Evolution. University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland 5 2. iGE3 institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva 6 3. E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-9820 7 Article type : Letter 8 Running title: Tegument cover transitions along actinopterygian evolution 9 Keywords: Tegument, actinopterygians, gene network, skeleton evolution, functional 10 innovation, ancestral state, phylogeny 11 12 Abstract 13 Actinopterygians (ray-finned fishes) are the most diversified group of vertebrates and are 14 characterized by a variety of protective structures covering their tegument, the evolution of 15 which has intrigued biologists for decades. Paleontological records showed that the first 16 mineralized vertebrate skeleton was composed of dermal bony plates covering the body, 17 including odontogenic and skeletogenic components. Later in evolution, the exoskeleton of 18 actinopterygian's trunk was composed of scale structures. Although scales are nowadays a 19 widespread tegument cover, some contemporary lineages do not have scales but bony 20 plates covering their trunk, whereas other lineages are devoid of any such structures. -
50 CFR Ch. VI (10–1–20 Edition)
Pt. 665 50 CFR Ch. VI (10–1–20 Edition) PART 665—FISHERIES IN THE Subpart C—Hawaii Fisheries WESTERN PACIFIC 665.198 Management areas. 665.199 Area restrictions [Reserved] Subpart A—General 665.200 Hawaii bottomfish and seamount groundfish fisheries [Reserved] Sec. 665.201 Definitions. 665.1 Purpose and scope. 665.202 Management subareas. 665.2 Relation to other laws. 665.203 Permits. 665.3 Licensing and registration. 665.204 Prohibitions. 665.4 Annual catch limits. 665.205 Notification. 665.5–665.11 [Reserved] 665.206 Gear restrictions. 665.12 Definitions. 665.207 At-sea observer coverage. 665.13 Permits and fees. 665.208 Protected species conservation. 665.14 Reporting and recordkeeping. 665.209 Fishing moratorium at Hancock 665.15 Prohibitions. Seamount. 665.16 Vessel identification. 665.210 [Reserved] 665.17 Experimental fishing. 665.211 Annual Catch Limits (ACL). 665.18 Framework adjustments to manage- 665.212 Non-commercial bag limits. ment measures. 665.213–665.219 [Reserved] 665.19 Vessel monitoring system. 665.220 Hawaii coral reef ecosystem fisheries 665.20 Western Pacific Community Develop- [Reserved] ment Program. 665.221 Definitions. 665.222 Management area. Subpart B—American Samoa Fisheries 665.223 Relation to other laws. 665.224 Permits and fees. 665.98 Management area. 665.225 Prohibitions. 665.99 Area restrictions. 665.226 Notifications. 665.100 American Samoa bottomfish fish- 665.227 Allowable gear and gear restrictions. eries [Reserved] 665.228 Gear identification. 665.101 Definitions. 665.229–665.239 [Reserved] 665.102 [Reserved] 665.240 Hawaii crustacean fisheries [Re- 665.103 Prohibitions. served] 665.104 Gear restrictions. -
Investigation of the Inherent Chemical, Structural, and Mechanical Attributes of Bio-Engineered Composites Found in Nature
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2015 Investigation of the Inherent Chemical, Structural, and Mechanical Attributes of Bio-Engineered Composites Found in Nature: Alligator Gar’s Exoskeleton Fish Scales Wayne Derald Hodo University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Biochemistry Commons, Biomechanics and Biotransport Commons, and the Structural Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hodo, Wayne Derald, "Investigation of the Inherent Chemical, Structural, and Mechanical Attributes of Bio-Engineered Composites Found in Nature: Alligator Gar’s Exoskeleton Fish Scales" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 1425. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1425 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Investigation of the Inherent Chemical, Structural, and Mechanical Attributes of Bio-Engineered Composites Found in Nature: Alligator Gar’s Exoskeleton Fish Scales A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering by Wayne D. Hodo Auburn University Bachelor of Science, 1997 Mississippi State University Master of Science in Civil Engineering, 2006 December 2015 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate -
Historic Document – Content May Not Reflect Current Scientific Research, Policies Or Practices
U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services Historic document – Content may not reflect current scientific research, policies or practices. COMMON TUNA-BAIT FISHES OF THE CENTRAL PACIFIC By FRED C. JUNE and JOHN W. REINT JES Fl1be1y Research Biologists RESEARCH REPORT 34 Fish and Wildlife Service, John L. Farley, Director United States Department of the Interior, Douglas McKay, Secretary UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1953 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 20 cents ABSTRACT The pole-and-line fishery for tunas is dependent upon an adequate supply of live bait for use as chum to attract and hold schools of fish. The present work is designed for the practical field identifica tion of the more common tuna-bait fishes found in the central Pacific region, which for purposes of this report includes the waters surround ing the Hawaiian, northern Line, and Phoenix Island groups. Pre sented are illustrated keys to the families and species, with descriptions and notes on distribution, and an evaluation of the tuna-bait resources of the central PaciFic region with a description of each potentially important baiting area. An index of scientific, English, Hawaiian, and Gilbertese names of the various fishes considered concludes the report. CONTENTS . Page Introduction. 1 Keys and descriptions of families and species of~bait fishes. 3 Glossary of terms. 4 Key to the families. 9 Bonefishes-Family Albulidae. 11 Milkfish-Family Chanidae. 13 Round ~errin9_s-.Family Dus~umieriidae. 14 Anchov1es-fomrly Engraul1dae. .. ................... 16 Top minnows-Family Poeciliidae . -
Fish SD: Tale of a Scale
Fish SD: Tale of a Scale Background: There are four types of fish scales - Background information: Review placoid, cycloid, ctenoid (pronounced ‘ten-oid’), and Chapter 6: Fish Anatomy and 9: ganoid. Most bony fish have cycloid scales. Fish with Fisheries Management in Going cycloid scales have the same number of scales their Fishing entire lives - the scales enlarge to accommodate a Duration: 45 minutes fish’s growth (scales that are lost to injury will be regrown). This results in a pattern of concentric Materials: Copies of Crappie Scale growth rings on the scale, which look similar to the Impression Worksheet; markers, growth rings in the trunk of a tree. The growth rings colored pencils or crayons; on a scale are known by scientists as circuli (singular transparency of fish scale to lead class circulus). Objectives: Students will correlate different seasons with a fish’s growth. Just like counting the rings of a tree, biologists can determine the age of a fish by reading its scales with a microscope. How do biologists do this? Actually, aging fish is fairly easy. The development of circuli is similar to that of tree rings. During periods of rapid growth, the rings are widely spaced and when growth slows, the rings are constricted together. Rings are formed on a cycloid scale constantly, so biologists can read seasons of growth. In the Great Plains, fish will grow rapidly in the summer months when water temperatures and food availability are highest; they experience slower growth during the colder winter months. Therefore, the scales typically exhibit bands of widely spaced growth rings (summer) separated by constrictions (winter).