Fish Scale) Material in Coastal British Columbia and an Assessment of the Utility of Various Scale Types in Paleofisheries Reconstruction
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FISH LIST WISH LIST: a Case for Updating the Canadian Government’S Guidance for Common Names on Seafood
FISH LIST WISH LIST: A case for updating the Canadian government’s guidance for common names on seafood Authors: Christina Callegari, Scott Wallace, Sarah Foster and Liane Arness ISBN: 978-1-988424-60-6 © SeaChoice November 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY . 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 4 Findings . 5 Recommendations . 6 INTRODUCTION . 7 APPROACH . 8 Identification of Canadian-caught species . 9 Data processing . 9 REPORT STRUCTURE . 10 SECTION A: COMMON AND OVERLAPPING NAMES . 10 Introduction . 10 Methodology . 10 Results . 11 Snapper/rockfish/Pacific snapper/rosefish/redfish . 12 Sole/flounder . 14 Shrimp/prawn . 15 Shark/dogfish . 15 Why it matters . 15 Recommendations . 16 SECTION B: CANADIAN-CAUGHT SPECIES OF HIGHEST CONCERN . 17 Introduction . 17 Methodology . 18 Results . 20 Commonly mislabelled species . 20 Species with sustainability concerns . 21 Species linked to human health concerns . 23 Species listed under the U .S . Seafood Import Monitoring Program . 25 Combined impact assessment . 26 Why it matters . 28 Recommendations . 28 SECTION C: MISSING SPECIES, MISSING ENGLISH AND FRENCH COMMON NAMES AND GENUS-LEVEL ENTRIES . 31 Introduction . 31 Missing species and outdated scientific names . 31 Scientific names without English or French CFIA common names . 32 Genus-level entries . 33 Why it matters . 34 Recommendations . 34 CONCLUSION . 35 REFERENCES . 36 APPENDIX . 39 Appendix A . 39 Appendix B . 39 FISH LIST WISH LIST: A case for updating the Canadian government’s guidance for common names on seafood 2 GLOSSARY The terms below are defined to aid in comprehension of this report. Common name — Although species are given a standard Scientific name — The taxonomic (Latin) name for a species. common name that is readily used by the scientific In nomenclature, every scientific name consists of two parts, community, industry has adopted other widely used names the genus and the specific epithet, which is used to identify for species sold in the marketplace. -
Review of Selected California Fisheries for 2013
FISHERIES REVIEW CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 55, 2014 REVIEW OF SELECTED CALIFORNIA FISHERIES FOR 2013: COASTAL PELAGIC FINFISH, MARKET SQUID, GROUNDFISH, HIGHLY MIGRATORY SPECIES, DUNGENESS CRAB, BASSES, SURFPERCH, ABALONE, KELP AND EDIBLE ALGAE, AND MARINE AQUACULTURE CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Marine Region 4665 Lampson Ave. Suite C Los Alamitos, CA 90720 [email protected] SUMMARY ings of northern anchovy were 6,005 t with an ex-vessel In 2013, commercial fisheries landed an estimated revenue of greater than $1.0 million. When compared 165,072 metric tons (t) of fish and invertebrates from to landings in 2012, this represents a 141% and 191% California ocean waters (fig. 1). This represents an increase in volume and value, respectively. Nearly all increase of almost 2% from the 162,290 t landed in 2012, (93.6%; 5,621.5 t) of California’s 2013 northern anchovy but still an 11% decrease from the 184,825 t landed catch was landed in the Monterey port area. Landings of in 2011, and a 35% decline from the peak landings of jack mackerel remained relatively low with 892 t landed; 252,568 t observed in 2000. The preliminary ex-vessel however, this represents a 515% increase over 2012 land- economic value of commercial landings in 2013 was ings of 145 t. $254.7 million, increasing once again from the $236 mil- Dungeness crab ranked as California’s second largest lion generated in 2012 (8%), and the $198 million in volume fishery with 14,066 t landed, an increase from 2011 (29%). 11,696 t landed in 2012, and it continued to dominate as Coastal pelagic species (CPS) made up four of the the highest valued fishery in the state with an ex-vessel top five volume fisheries in 2013. -
BONY FISHES 602 Bony Fishes
click for previous page BONY FISHES 602 Bony Fishes GENERAL REMARKS by K.E. Carpenter, Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA ony fishes constitute the bulk, by far, of both the diversity and total landings of marine organisms encoun- Btered in fisheries of the Western Central Atlantic.They are found in all macrofaunal marine and estuarine habitats and exhibit a lavish array of adaptations to these environments. This extreme diversity of form and taxa presents an exceptional challenge for identification. There are 30 orders and 269 families of bony fishes presented in this guide, representing all families known from the area. Each order and family presents a unique suite of taxonomic problems and relevant characters. The purpose of this preliminary section on technical terms and guide to orders and families is to serve as an introduction and initial identification guide to this taxonomic diversity. It should also serve as a general reference for those features most commonly used in identification of bony fishes throughout the remaining volumes. However, I cannot begin to introduce the many facets of fish biology relevant to understanding the diversity of fishes in a few pages. For this, the reader is directed to one of the several general texts on fish biology such as the ones by Bond (1996), Moyle and Cech (1996), and Helfman et al.(1997) listed below. A general introduction to the fisheries of bony fishes in this region is given in the introduction to these volumes. Taxonomic details relevant to a specific family are explained under each of the appropriate family sections. The classification of bony fishes continues to transform as our knowledge of their evolutionary relationships improves. -
Fish Passage and Injury Risk at a Surface Bypass of a Small-Scale Hydropower Plant
sustainability Article Fish Passage and Injury Risk at a Surface Bypass of a Small-Scale Hydropower Plant Josef Knott, Melanie Mueller, Joachim Pander and Juergen Geist * Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354 Freising, Germany; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (J.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-816-171-3767 Received: 14 October 2019; Accepted: 29 October 2019; Published: 30 October 2019 Abstract: In contrast to the efforts made to develop functioning fishways for upstream migrants, the need for effective downstream migration facilities has long been underestimated. The challenge of developing well-performing bypasses for downstream migrants involves attracting the fish to the entrance and transporting them quickly and unharmed into the tailrace. In this study, the acceptance of different opening sizes of a surface bypass as well as the injuries which fish experience during the passage were examined. Overall bypass acceptance was low compared to the turbine passage. There was no significant difference in the number of downstream moving fish between the small and the large bypass openings. Across all fish species, no immediate mortality was detected. Severe injuries such as amputations or bruises were only rarely detected and at low intensity. Scale losses, tears and hemorrhages in the fins and dermal lesions at the body were the most common injuries, and significant species-specific differences were detected. To increase bypass efficiency, it would likely be useful to offer an alternative bottom bypass in addition to the existing surface bypass. -
CHECKLIST and BIOGEOGRAPHY of FISHES from GUADALUPE ISLAND, WESTERN MEXICO Héctor Reyes-Bonilla, Arturo Ayala-Bocos, Luis E
ReyeS-BONIllA eT Al: CheCklIST AND BIOgeOgRAphy Of fISheS fROm gUADAlUpe ISlAND CalCOfI Rep., Vol. 51, 2010 CHECKLIST AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF FISHES FROM GUADALUPE ISLAND, WESTERN MEXICO Héctor REyES-BONILLA, Arturo AyALA-BOCOS, LUIS E. Calderon-AGUILERA SAúL GONzáLEz-Romero, ISRAEL SáNCHEz-ALCántara Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada AND MARIANA Walther MENDOzA Carretera Tijuana - Ensenada # 3918, zona Playitas, C.P. 22860 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur Ensenada, B.C., México Departamento de Biología Marina Tel: +52 646 1750500, ext. 25257; Fax: +52 646 Apartado postal 19-B, CP 23080 [email protected] La Paz, B.C.S., México. Tel: (612) 123-8800, ext. 4160; Fax: (612) 123-8819 NADIA C. Olivares-BAñUELOS [email protected] Reserva de la Biosfera Isla Guadalupe Comisión Nacional de áreas Naturales Protegidas yULIANA R. BEDOLLA-GUzMáN AND Avenida del Puerto 375, local 30 Arturo RAMíREz-VALDEz Fraccionamiento Playas de Ensenada, C.P. 22880 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ensenada, B.C., México Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada km. 107, Apartado postal 453, C.P. 22890 Ensenada, B.C., México ABSTRACT recognized the biological and ecological significance of Guadalupe Island, off Baja California, México, is Guadalupe Island, and declared it a Biosphere Reserve an important fishing area which also harbors high (SEMARNAT 2005). marine biodiversity. Based on field data, literature Guadalupe Island is isolated, far away from the main- reviews, and scientific collection records, we pres- land and has limited logistic facilities to conduct scien- ent a comprehensive checklist of the local fish fauna, tific studies. -
Cleaning Symbiosis Among California Inshore Fishes
CLEANING SYMBIOSIS AMONG CALIFORNIA INSHORE FISHES EDMUNDS. HOBSON' ABSTRACT Cleaning symbiosis among shore fishes was studied during 1968 and 1969 in southern California, with work centered at La Jolla. Three species are habitual cleaners: the seAoriF, Ozyjulis californica; the sharpnose seaperch, Phanerodon atripes; and the kelp perch, Brachyistius frenatus. Because of specific differences in habitat, there is little overlap in the cleaning areas of these three spe- cies. Except for juvenile sharpnose seaperch, cleaning is of secondary significance to these species, even though it may be of major significance to certain individuals. The tendency to clean varies between in- dividuals. Principal prey of most members of these species are free-living organisms picked from a substrate and from midwater-a mode of feeding that favors adaptations suited to cleaning. Because it is exceedingly abundant in a variety of habitats, the seiiorita is the predominant inshore cleaning fish in California. Certain aspects of its cleaning relate to the fact that only a few of the many seiioritas present at a given time will clean, and that this activity is not centered around well-defined cleaning stations, as has been reported for certain cleaning fishes elsewhere. Probably because cleaners are difficult to recognize among the many seiioritas that do not clean, other fishes.generally do not at- tempt to initiate-cleaning; rather, the activity is consistently initiated by the cleaner itself. An infest- ed fish approached by a cleaner generally drifts into an unusual attitude that advertises the temporary existence of the transient cleaning station to other fish in need of service, and these converge on the cleaner. -
Vii Fishery-At-A-Glance Night Smelt Scientific Name: Spirinchus Starksi Range
Fishery-at-a-Glance Night Smelt Scientific Name: Spirinchus starksi Range: Night Smelt are distributed coast-wide from southeast Alaska to Point Arguello, Santa Barbara County. Habitat: Night Smelt occur in the surf and in depths from the surface to approximately 400 feet (122 meters). Size (length and weight): Night Smelt measure less than 6 inches total length (140 millimeters) weighing to 11 grams. Males are slightly longer and heavier than females. Life span: Night Smelt are short lived and believed to reach a maximum of 2 to 3 years. Reproduction: Spawning occurs in the surf along open coast coarse sand beaches from January to September. Eggs are fertilized in the wash of the surf, adhere to sand grains, and sink. Hatching occurs in approximately 2 weeks. Prey: Night Smelt feed on small crustaceans—primarily gammarid amphipods and mysid shrimp. Predators: Night Smelt provide forage for a wide range of predators, including Striped Bass, Redtail Surfperch, salmon, Harbor Seals, California Sea Lions, terns, gulls, and cormorants. Fishery: Commercial and recreational fisheries are shore-based. Area fished: Historically, fishing occurred from Moss Landing, Monterey County to the Oregon border. Currently, fishing occurs from San Mateo County to Del Norte County. Fishing season: Fishing occurs during the spawning season—January to September. Fishing gear: Fishermen fish from shore using A-frame dip nets. Market(s): Landed fish are sold for human consumption and aquarium food. Current stock status: No formal stock assessments exist for Night Smelt. Although catch rates have increased on average since the early 2000s, it is undetermined if this increase in the index is due to increased abundance or changes in fishermen behavior. -
2017-2018 Enclosure Sampling Data
These data were collected for SK Grant NA16NMF4270254 between June 26, 2017, and June 15, 2018. The data include fish sampling within enclosure and fyke nets deployed within the East Bay region of North Humboldt Bay, California. Note that there are various worksheets within this Excel Spreadsheet, which describe the various control and treatment sites associated with the fish sampling. The data collected at each site is consistent and described under the "Project Data" section. Disclaimer: These data and related items of information have not been formally disseminated by NOAA, and do not represent any agency determination, view, or policy. WORKSHEETS: Sheet Label Description Eelgrass_Control Fish sampling results from the enclosure net deployed within the eelgrass without Eelgrass_Culture Fish sampling results from the enclosure net deployed within the eelgrass with culture Mudflat_Control Fish sampling results from the enclosure net deployed within the mudflat without Mudflat_Culture Fish sampling results from the enclosure net deployed within the mudflat with culture Eelgrass_Control_Fyke Fish sampling results from the fyke net deployed within the eelgrass without culture Eelgrass_Culture_Fyke Fish sampling results from the fyke net deployed within the eelgrass with culture PROJECT DATA: Category Description Sampling Date Date of net deployment Family Family taxonmic level associated with fish identification Scientific name of the fish species, identified to the lowest Scientific Name Species taxonomic level possible Common Name Common -
Lecture 6 – Integument ‐ Scale • a Scale Is a Small Rigid Plate That Grows out of an Animal’ S Skin to Provide Protection
Lecture 6 – Integument ‐ Scale • A scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal’s skin to provide protection. • Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times with varying structure and function. • Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. • There are various types of scales according to shape and to class of animal. • Although the meat and organs of some species of fish are edible by humans, the scales are usually not eaten. Scale structure • Fish scales Fish scales are dermally derived, specifically in the mesoderm. This fact distinguishes them from reptile scales paleontologically. Genetically, the same genes involved in tooth and hair development in mammals are also involved in scale development. Earliest scales – heavily armoured thought to be like Chondrichthyans • Fossil fishes • ion reservoir • osmotic control • protection • Weighting Scale function • Primary function is protection (armor plating) • Hydrodynamics Scales are composed of four basic compounds: ((gmoving from inside to outside in that order) • Lamellar bone • Vascular or spongy bone • Dentine (dermis) and is always associated with enamel. • Acellular enamel (epidermis) • The scales of fish lie in pockets in the dermis and are embeded in connective tissue. • Scales do not stick out of a fish but are covered by the Epithelial layer. • The scales overlap and so form a protective flexible armor capable of withstanding blows and bumping. • In some catfishes and seahorses, scales are replaced by bony plates. • In some other species there are no scales at all. Evolution of scales Placoid scale – (Chondricthyes – cartilagenous fishes) develop in dermis but protrude through epidermis. -
First Records of the Night Smelt, Spirinchus Starksi, in the Salish Sea
First Records of the Night Smelt, Spirinchus starksi, in the Salish Sea, Washington Author(s): Melanie M Paquin , Anna N Kagley , Kurt L Fresh , and James W Orr Source: Northwestern Naturalist, 95(1):40-43. 2014. Published By: Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1898/NWN13-05.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1898/NWN13-05.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/ page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non- commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. 40 NORTHWESTERN NATURALIST 95(1) NORTHWESTERN NATURALIST 95:40–43 SPRING 2014 FIRST RECORDS OF THE NIGHT SMELT, SPIRINCHUS STARKSI, IN THE SALISH SEA, WASHINGTON MELANIE MPAQUIN,ANNA NKAGLEY,KURT LFRESH, AND JAMES WORR Key words: COI, distribution, genetics, (frozen or preserved in ethanol) from 11 S. starksi Longfin Smelt, Night Smelt, Osmeridae, Spir- and 5 S. thaleichthys were obtained from the inchus starksi, Spirinchus thaleichthys, Washing- Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) ton and the University of Washington Fish Collec- tion (UW). -
Mechanics of Composite Elasmoid Fish Scale Assemblies and Their
journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 19 (2013) 75–86 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/jmbbm Mechanics of composite elasmoid fish scale assemblies and their bioinspired analogues Ashley Browninga, Christine Ortizb,n, Mary C. Boycea,n aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA article info abstract Article history: Inspired by the overlapping scales found on teleost fish, a new composite architecture Received 28 July 2012 explores the mechanics of materials to accommodate both flexibility and protection. These Received in revised form biological structures consist of overlapping mineralized plates embedded in a compliant 5 November 2012 tissue to form a natural flexible armor which protects underlying soft tissue and vital Accepted 11 November 2012 organs. Here, the functional performance of such armors is investigated, in which the Available online 24 November 2012 composition, spatial arrangement, and morphometry of the scales provide locally tailored Keywords: functionality. Fabricated macroscale prototypes and finite element based micromechanical Biomimetic models are employed to measure mechanical response to blunt and penetrating indentation Composite loading. Deformation mechanisms of scale bending, scale rotation, tissue shear, and tissue Natural armor constraint were found to govern the ability of the composite to protect the underlying Fish scale substrate. These deformation mechanisms, the resistance to deformation, and the resulting work of deformation can all be tailored by structural parameters including architectural arrangement (angle of the scales, degree of scale overlap), composition (volume fraction of the scales), morphometry (aspect ratio of the scales), and material properties (tissue modulus and scale modulus). -
Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES PEGASIDAE Eurypegasus Draconis
click for previous page 2262 Bony Fishes Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES PEGASIDAE Seamoths (seadragons) by T.W. Pietsch and W.A. Palsson iagnostic characters: Small fishes (to 18 cm total length); body depressed, completely encased in Dfused dermal plates; tail encircled by 8 to 14 laterally articulating, or fused, bony rings. Nasal bones elongate, fused, forming a rostrum; mouth inferior. Gill opening restricted to a small hole on dorsolat- eral surface behind head. Spinous dorsal fin absent; soft dorsal and anal fins each with 5 rays, placed posteriorly on body. Caudal fin with 8 unbranched rays. Pectoral fins large, wing-like, inserted horizon- tally, composed of 9 to 19 unbranched, soft or spinous-soft rays; pectoral-fin rays interconnected by broad, transparent membranes. Pelvic fins thoracic, tentacle-like,withI spine and 2 or 3 unbranched soft rays. Colour: in life highly variable, apparently capable of rapid colour change to match substrata; head and body light to dark brown, olive-brown, reddish brown, or almost black, with dorsal and lateral surfaces usually darker than ventral surface; dorsal and lateral body surface often with fine, dark brown reticulations or mottled lines, sometimes with irregular white or yellow blotches; tail rings often encircled with dark brown bands; pectoral fins with broad white outer margin and small brown spots forming irregular, longitudinal bands; unpaired fins with small brown spots in irregular rows. dorsal view lateral view Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Benthic, found on sand, gravel, shell-rubble, or muddy bottoms. Collected incidentally by seine, trawl, dredge, or shrimp nets; postlarvae have been taken at surface lights at night.