Other Publications by the Author The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Second Edition, 1994. Amsco School Publications, Inc., 315 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10013-1085. ISBN 0-87720-561-2. Second Edition, 1995. Simultaneously published by Bantam Books, Inc., 1540 Broadway, New York, NY 10036. ISBN 0-553-57301-2. Latin is Fun: Book I: Lively Lessons for Beginners. Amsco, 1989. ISBN 0-87720-550-7. Teacher’s Manual and Key. Amsco, 1989. ISBN 0-87720-554-X. Latin is Fun: Book II: Lively Lessons for Beginners. Amsco, 1995. ISBN 0-87720-565-5. Teacher’s Manual with Answers. Amsco, 1995. ISBN 0-87720-567-1. The New College German & English Dictionary. Amsco, 1981. ISBN 0-87720-584-1. Bantam, 1981. ISBN 0-533-14155-4. German Fundamentals: Basic Grammar and Vocabulary. 1992. Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788. Lingua Latina: Book I Latin First Year. Amsco, 1999, ISBN 1-56765-426-6 (Hardbound); ISBN 1-56765-425-8 (Softbound). Teacher’s Manual and Key, 1999, ISBN 1-56765-428-2. Lingua Latina: Book II: Latin Second Year. Amsco, 2001, ISBN 1-56765-429-0 (Softbound); Teacher’s Manual and Key, Amsco, 2001, ISBN 1-56765-431-2 Contents

Acknowledgements ...... 8 How to Use This Book...... 9 Pronunciation...... 10 Abbreviations ...... 14

Chapter I: Greetings ...... 15 Boy meets girl. Mario runs into his friend Julia. Tullia introduces her friend to Luke.

Chapter II: Family ...... 20 The censor asks the father some questions. A son learns about his family tree from his father. Two friends discuss their family circumstances.

Chapter III: School ...... 25 Checking on homework. Getting the lesson straight. A teacher conducts her class efficiently. The Pledge of Allegiance

Chapter IV: Daily Activities ...... 35 Mother calls from downstairs to wake her daughters. Two sisters bicker as they get ready for the day. Mother and daughters do the daily chores.

3 4 Conversational Latin

Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities ...... 40 Her teacher asks Dorothy how she spends her free time. His teacher asks Theodore how he spends his free time. Paula and Robert discuss sports.

Chapter VI: The Human Body ...... 55 The teacher notices that Linda looks sick. She asks Linda what is wrong with her. A doctor is called in for the sick little girl, Scintilla. A doctor arrives at the scene of a fire to treat one of the victims, a young man.

Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness...... 60 A trainer interviews a young athlete. The trainer attends to an injured athlete. A mother checks her daughter’s health.

Chapter VIII: Food and Drink...... 67 A waitress waits on a senator. A waiter serves dinner. Planning a shopping trip.

Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years...... 74 Two friends discuss their birthdays. Two friends discuss their favorite seasons. A father gives his son some family history.

Chapter X: Expressions of Time...... 82 Marie asks her friend how he spends his days. A coach interviews a new athlete. A traveler is about to take a bus trip to Florida.

Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions...... 90 Brian finds Jeffrey to be in a hurry. Phyllis wants to discuss a problem with Marie. Annette turns to her sister for advice. Contents 5

Chapter XII: Clothing and Jewelry ...... 113 Priscilla buys clothes. Peter buys some winter clothes. Two daughters get dressed for a party.

Chapter XIII: House and Furniture ...... 119 Cynthia tries to persuade her friend Gloria to come to her house to play. A potential buyer wants to purchase a home through a real estate agent. Sabina tries to impress her friend Silvia with the big home her parents own.

Chapter XIV: Buying and Selling...... 127 Lydia explains to Diane why she bought new clothes. Sulpicia explains why she is going shopping. A storekeeper makes a sale.

Chapter XV: The Weather ...... 132 A boy and a girl in Rome contrast the weather of Rome with that of Switzerland. Martha explains to her teacher how the weather kept her from going to school. The weather of Rome and Switzerland is again debated.

Chapter XVI: Animals ...... 138 A visit to the zoo. A visit to a pet shop. Young Mark visits old Cato’s farm.

Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities...... 146 Diane and Debbie discuss the new teacher. A new girlfriend is the subject of discussion. Sizing up a political candidate. 6 Conversational Latin

Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions ...... 160 Donna gets a new hairdo. Choosing a career. A man plans to build a home.

Chapter XIX: The City and Public Buildings...... 171 Discussing the merits of city life. Jennifer wants to go to town. Asking for directions in the city.

Chapter XX: Government ...... 175 A father explains to his son his involvement in politics. A senator explains how government works. How the senate conducts business.

Chapter XXI: War and Peace...... 182 Jenna finds that Dennis joined the army. A grandson asks his grandfather about his military service. Discussing the merits of alliances.

Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice ...... 190 News of an important trial. The arrest of two hoodlums draws a crowd. A client gets himself a lawyer.

Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography ...... 198 Colin wants to migrate to the U.S. Rene wants to learn about the Tiber. Traveling from Rome to Greece.

Chapter XXIV: Travel...... 211 At the New York train station. At the airport. Getting ready to go by car. Contents 7

Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin ...... 220 The Parts of Speech...... 220 The Noun...... 220 The Pronoun ...... 223 The Verb...... 225 The Adverb...... 231 The Adjective ...... 232 The Participle ...... 233 The Gerund...... 234 The Gerundive...... 235 The Conjunction...... 235 The Preposition ...... 236 The Interjection ...... 237 The Accent ...... 237 The Parsing of Words ...... 238

Appendix I: Yes and No in Latin...... 250 Appendix II: Colors...... 251 Appendix III: Numbers ...... 253 Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings...... 254 Appendix V: Computer Terms...... 260 Appendix VI: Cant»s Lat¿n¿ (Latin Songs)...... 263 General Vocabulary...... 267 Selected Bibliography ...... 411 Acknowledgements A debt of gratitude is due to Professor Terence O. Tunberg, of the University of Kentucky, to Professor Jeffrey Wills of the Ukrainian Catholic University, to Professor David W. Morgan of Furman University, SC, and to Professor Christopher Gerald Brown of Ohio State University, for their many suggestions for improvement in both form and substance and for sharing their resources with me. Dr. Domenic M. Roberti, chemistry professor turned desktop publisher, gave much helpful advice; he is responsible for the page design and typesetting of this book. I am also grateful to Thomas Reed, Sterling, VA, and to Mark Miner, Scottsdale, GA, for proofreading the text. The author gratefully acknowledges the kind support of Dr. Ladislaus J. Bolchazy and the staff of Bolchazy- Carducci Publishers, Inc.

8 How to Use This Book

Unlike your usual textbook, this book The topical vocabulary of each chapter allows you to start at any chapter that contains not only the words that have interests you. Why? Because the chapters occurred in the model conversations but are not arranged in the order of difficulty. also additional words on that topic that On the other hand, the model conver- will make it possible for you to have new sations in each chapter are arranged in conversations. The general vocabulary order of difficulty. That is, the grammatical that occurred in the conversations of each structures of the conversations at Level 1 chapter is assembled at the end of the are simpler than those at Levels 2 and 3. book, together with additional useful Therefore it is quite possible to go through words. But that general vocabulary will the entire book using only the conver- not meet all your needs. You will then sations at Level 1 and then go through the have to consult a Latin-English dic- book again, using Levels 2 and 3. tionary. Be sure to make full use of the In the conversations you may run topical vocabulary of the various across grammatical forms that you have chapters, no matter what topic you are not covered in class as yet. For instance, dealing with. For instance, Chapter XI you may come across the subjunctive form contains hundreds of everyday expres- e§mus (let’s go). It happened to be called sions that will come in handy in any for in that conversation. So what if you conversation. Furthermore, whenever you haven’t learned the entire subjunctive need some expression of time, you will system as yet? You now know what it probably find the expression you want in means, and so you can use it. Chapters IX and X. You should use both You may be used to working your way the topical and general vocabularies to through a Latin sentence in order to come look for the words you need. up with a translation. In this book you are To make it easier for you to find what provided with an English translation of all you are looking for, the phrases are the Latin. (And you’ll notice that the arranged alphabetically according to the translations are not the stiff, literal versions key word in each phrase. For example, you that are sometimes found in textbooks.) So want to say that someone is “feeding a the idea is to practice the model conver- person a line.” In Chapter XI you will find sations until you have pretty well mastered it under the word “line”, like this: line: them. One way to do this is for you to that fellow is feeding you a line iste tibi switch roles with your partner and repeat verba dat. Sometimes there could be two the dialogue again. Then you can proceed possible key words in a phrase. If you do to the next stage. This is most easily done not find the phrase under the one key word, by drawing on the topical vocabulary in the check under the other. For instance, in the chapter to form new Latin conversations of phrase quoted above, either “feed” or your own choosing on the topic at hand. “line” can be considered key words. In this Because the book is arranged with its case, the phrase is listed under “line;” it facing Latin and English texts, it lends could have been listed under “feed” as itself to your covering one side, whether well. Such double entries would have the Latin or the English, and then speaking made the book too bulky. the part in the language that is covered; In conversational Latin, meaningful you could then uncover the concealed text and realistic communication is the aim and to see how you have done. goal. Accuracy comes with practice. 9 Pronunciation

VOWELS ______

CLASSICAL METHOD LATE LATIN METHOD ¥ a in ago: comp¥r« § a in father: im§g« e e in pet: proper« ¡ a in late: l¡nis Generally the same as in the ® i in hit: qu®d Classical Method. However, in practice the different values of the ¿ ee in keen: am¿cus vowels are frequently not rigidly ‹ o in often: m‹dus adhered to. « o in hope: n«men › u in put: ›t » u in rude: »tor ™ ü in German Hütte: m™rta £ ü in German über: T£deus Note—The length of a long vowel is about one and one half that of a short vowel.

DIPHTHONGS ______

CLASSICAL METHOD LATE LATIN METHOD ae y in by: caecus ae a in late: caecus au ow in now: nauta au as in Classical Method ei„ ey in they: he„i ei as in Classical Method eu} eu in hey you (without the h and y): eu as in Classical Method Orpheu} s o{e oi in oil: co{epit oe a in late: coepit ui„ uey in gluey: cu„i; ui same as in Classical Method after q, wee in week: qui

10 Pronunciation 11

CONSONANTS______

CLASSICAL METHOD LATE LATIN METHOD b English b b English b c always c in can: c¿vis, cant« c before e, i, ae, or oe = ch in cherry: celsus, c¿vis, caelum, coepit, but before other letters, c in can: cant«, actus d English d d English d f English f f English f g always g in go: gall¿na, genus g before e or i = g in gentle: genus, reg¿na, but before other letters except g and n (see under Consonant Groups) = g in go: gall¿na, gr§tus, gula, rog« h English h h English h i y in yes: iam, iung« i as in Classical Method, sometimes written j k English k, but unaspirated k English k l English l l English l m English m, but in verse final m m English m before an initial vowel or h in the following word was presumably not pronounced n English n n English n p English p, but unaspirated p English p q English q q English q r trilled r as in the Romance r as in Classical Method languages s always s in sing: miser, mors s s in sing: sal»s, but when standing between two vowels or when final and preceded by a voiced consonant = z in dozen: miser, mors t English t, but unaspirated, as t in t as in Classical Method water u w in wine, when unaccented, preceded u as in Classical Method by q, sometimes by s, and sometimes by g, and followed by a vowel: qui·a, su§·vis (but su·«·rum), dis·tin·gu« (but ex·i·g›·us) 12 Conversational Latin

CONSONANTS______v w in wine: v¿v« x x in six:extr§ v English v x x (as ks) in six: p§x; but in words beginning with ex and followed by a vowel, h, or s, = x (as gz) in exhaust: exaud¿, exh§l«, z dz in adze: z«na exsolv« z as in Classical Method

CONSONANT GROUPS ______

CLASSICAL METHOD LATE LATIN METHOD bs ps in apse: obs¿d«, urbs bs bs in obsession: obs¿d«, but in the final position = bs (as bz) in observe: urbs bt pt in captain: obtin¡re bt bt in obtain: obtin¡re cc kk in bookkeeper: ecce, occ¿d«, cc before e or i = tch in catch: ecce, occ§sum, occl»d« occ¿d«; but before other letters = kk in bookkeeper; occ§sum, occl»d« ch ch in chaotic: pulcher ch as in Classical Method gg gg in leg guard: agger gg before e or i = dj in adjourn: agger; but before other letters = gg in leg guard: aggreg« gn ngn in hangnail: dignus gn ny in canyon: dignus gu see consonant u gu as in Classical Method ph p-h in top-heavy: ph«ca ph ph in phoenix: ph«ca qu see consonant u qu as in Classical Method sc sc in scope: sci«, sc»tum sc before e or i = sh in shin: ascend«, sci«; but before other letters = sc in scope: scand«, sc»tum su see consonant u su as in Classical Method

Note—Double consonants are to be pronounced in such a way that each consonant is heard. For example, in the word agger (embankment), each g should be heard, in contrast to ager (field) with only one g. Pronunciation 13 th t in take: the§trum th as in Classical Method ti ti in English patio: n§t®« ti when preceded by s, t, or x, or when followed by a consonant = ti in English patio: host®a, adm¿xt®«, fort®ter; but when unaccented, followed by a vowel, and preceded by any letter except s, t, or x = tzy in ritzy: n§t®«, pret®um Abbreviations abbr abbreviation med medical abl ablative mf masculine or feminine acc accusative noun adj adjective mil military adjs adjectives mpl masculine plural noun adv adverb mus music advs adverbs n neuter noun anat anatomy neut neuter biol biology nom nominative cf compare npl neuter plural noun coll colloquial opp opposite comp comparative part participle comput computer pass passive conj conjunction pej pejorative dat dative perf perfect defect defective pl plural dim diminutive poet poetry eccl ecclesiastical pol politics esp especially pp past participle f feminine noun pref prefix fem feminine prep preposition fig figurative pres present fin finance print printing fpl feminine plural noun pron pronoun fut future refl reflexive gen fenitive rel relative imperf imperfect relig religion impers impersonal verb rhet rhetoric indecl indeclinable s substantive indef indefinite singl singular indic indicative s.o. someone inf infinitive spl substantive plural interj interjection s.th. something interrog interrogative subj subjunctive intr intransitive suf suffix leg legal superl superlative ling linguistics topog topography lit literal tr transitive loc locative usu usually m masculine noun v verb masc masculine vulg vulgar math mathematics w with mech mechanics

14 Chapter I: Greetings

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Boy meets girl.

Paulus Salv¡! Quid est n«men tibi? Paul: Hello! What is your name? Gl«ria Salv¡ et t»! Mihi n«men est Gloria: Hello yourself! My name Gl«ria. Quid est n«men tibi? is Gloria. What’s your name?

Paulus N«men mihi est Paulus. Quid My name is Paul. How are you agis? doing? Gl«ria Vale«, gr§ti§s. Quid agis t»? I’m fine, thanks. How are you doing?

Paulus Vale«. Hui, ego t¡ n«v¿! N«nne in I’m fine. Hey, I know you. You proxim« v¿c« habit§s? live in the next block, don’t you? Gl«ria Etiam, habit«. Yes, I do.

Paulus Quid nov¿ ibi? What’s new there? Gl«ria Nihil nov¿. Val¡, Paule. Nothing new. Goodbye, Paul.

Paulus Val¡, Gl«ria. Goodbye, Gloria.

LEVEL II Mario runs into his friend Julia. Marius Salv¡, I»lia! Ut val¡s? Mario: Hello! How are you? I»lia N«n male. Et t», Mar¿? Julia: Not bad. And you, Mario?

Marius Egone? Bene mihi est. Ut fr§ter I? I’m doing fine. How’s your tuus valet? Salvus est? brother doing? How is he? I»lia S¿c valet ut numquam melius. He’s doing as well as ever.

Marius Ut valet familia tua? How is your family doing? I»lia Omn¡s dom¿ bene s¡ habent. All are doing fine.

15 16 Conversational Latin

Marius Et am¿cus tuus, quid agit? And your friend, how is he doing? I»lia R¡ct¡ valet. He’s doing right well.

Marius Unde ven¿s? Where are you coming from? I»lia D¡ biblioth¡c§. From the library.

Marius Qu« t¡ agis? Where are you going? I»lia Domum. Home.

Marius Qu¿n nunc abeundum mihi est. Well, I must go now. Goodbye. Val¡. I»lia Bene val¡. C»r§ ut vale§s. Goodbye. Take care of yourself.

LEVEL III Tullia introduces her friend to Luke. L»cius Salva s¿s, Tullia. Quid agis? Luke: Hello, Tullia. How are you doing? Tullia Salv¡, L»c¿. Quid agis t»? Tullia: Hello, Luke. How are you doing?

L»cius N«st¿ m¡. M¡ semper bell¡ habe«. You know me. I’m always fine. Quis est haec puella quae t¡cum Who is this girl that you have est? with you? Tullia L»c¿, velim tr§dere tibi Luke, I’d like to introduce you to c«ns«br¿nam meam, Pr¿scillam. my cousin Priscilla.

L»cius Pr¿scilla, mihi pergr§tum est t¡ Priscilla, I’m glad to meet you. conven¿re. Habit§sne in h§c Do you live in this v¿c¿ni§? Ego ipse habit« du«s neighborhood? I live only two s«lum v¿c«s hinc. blocks from here. Pr¿scilla Minim¡ v¡r«. Habit« in oppidul« No. I live in the little town of Arde§. Ardea.

L»cius Ardea? Estne in Camp§ni§ an in Ardea? Is Ardea in Campania or Lati«? in Latium? Pr¿scilla In Lati«, n«n procul ab urbe. In Latium, not far from the city.

L»cius D¿c mihi, quoti¡s R«mam ven¿s? Tell me, how often do you come to Rome? Pr¿scilla Quoti¡scumque c«ns«br¿na mea As often as my cousin invites me. m¡ inv¿tat. Chapter I: Greetings 17

Tullia Haec h§ctenus! M¡ paenitet, L»c¿, Enough of this. I’m sorry, Luke, sed n«b¿s nunc eundum est. but we have to go now. My Fr§ter meus n«s in gymnasi« brother has been waiting a long iamd»dum exspectat. time for us in the gym.

L»cius Tullia, am§b« t¡, iub¡ fr§trem Tullia, please say hello to your tuum Tullium salv¡re. Pr¿scilla, brother Tullius. Priscilla, take c»r§ ut vale§s. Mox, ut sp¡r«, t¡ care of yourself. I hope to see iterum vid¡b«. you again soon. Tullia Val¡. C»r§ ut vale§s. Goodbye. Take care of yourself. Pr¿scilla Bene val¡, L»c¿. Bye-bye, Luke.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______be fine bene s¡ hab¡re; val·e« |¡re |u¿ meet tr & intr con·ven¿o |ven¿re |v¡n¿ to be very well r¡ct¡ val¡re |ventus goodbye val¡ (pl: val¡te); bene val¡ (pl: name n«m·en |inis n bene val¡te) not bad n«n male hello! salv¡ (pl: salv¡te); salvus (-a) s¿s pleased to meet you! mihi pergr§tum how are you? (how are you doing?) est t¡ conven¿re quid agis? (pl: quid agitis?); ut say hello to s.o. iub¡ (pl: iub¡te) val¡s? (pl: ut val¡tis?) aliquem salv¡re I am fine bene mihi est thanks! gr§ti§s! introduce (to) tr§·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus thanks a lot! gr§ti§s maxim§s! (+ dat) thanks a million! s¡scent§s gr§ti§s! know defective v n«v¿ n«visse (you know n«vist¿ or n«st¿)

ADDITIONAL GREETINGS AND RESPONSES ______Where are you from? Unde es? Where are you coming from? Unde ven¿s? How are you? Qu¿ val¡s? Fine. R¡ct¡. — Bell¡. Very well. Perbell¡. — Bellissim¡. 18 Conversational Latin

I’m fine. M¡ bene habe«. I’m doing quite well. Haud male quidem vale«. How are you? Ut t¡ hab¡s? So-so. Vari¡. Fairly well. Mediocriter quidem vale«. Not bad. Haud male. Not too well. N«n optim¡ s§n¡. As usual. Ut sole«. Lousy. Pl§n¡ ¿nf¡l¿citer.

Everything O.K.? Sat¿n’ salv¡? Everything is O.K. Omnia sunt pulchr¡. — Omnia sunt f¡l¿citer. — Omnia sunt f¡st¿viter.

Hello. How’ve you been? Salv¡. Valuist¿ne? Fine! Great! Prob¡! Euge! Well, I’m still alive. Em, v¿v«.

Hello. Salv¡. Same to you. Salv¡ et t».

Hello. Pleasure to meet you. Salv¡. T¡ conv¡nisse volup est. Hello. The pleasure is mine. Salv¡. Mihi quidem volup est. How are things with you? Everything all right? Qu« pact« r¡s s¡ tibi habent? R¡ct¡ne sunt omnia? In fair shape. In mediocr¿ stat». In great shape. In optim« stat». Glad to hear that. Laetus (-a) istud audi«. Glad to hear that. Haud inv¿tus (-a) audi«. I’m delighted to hear that. Est mihi istud aud¿t» perquam i»cundum.

I’m glad for you. Gaude« tu§ caus§. I’m sincerely glad to hear that. Aud¿re istud ex anim« gaude«. Thank heavens. Laus super¿s. Chapter I: Greetings 19

Goodbye for now. Nunc val¡. God bless you. D¿ t¡ ament. Take care (of yourself). T¡ c»r§. Take it easy. øti«sus (-a) est«. Goodbye and good luck. Vale§s beneque tibi sit.

SUGGESTED CLASSROOM ACTIVITY ______

First, let pairs of students repeat the can easily be gleaned from the dialogues, conversation of each level. After you Topical Vocabulary, and Additional have greeted several individual students Greetings and Responses. with a question or two, pair off the It is important to repeat this activity students and have them ask each other from time to time so that the questions similar questions. Questions and answers and answers become spontaneous. Chapter II: Family

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I The censor asks the father some questions. C¡nsor Quid est n«men tibi? Censor: What is your name? Aulus N«men mihi est Aulus Gab¿nius Aulus: My name is Aulus Macer. Gabinius Macer.

C¡nsor Esne t» mar¿tus an caelebs? Are you married or single? Aulus Mar¿tus sum. Habe« ux«rem. I am married. I have a wife.

C¡nsor Esne t» paterfamili§s? Are you the head of a family? Aulus Ita. Yes.

C¡nsor Quid est n«men ux«r¿? What’s your wife’s name? Aulus N«men ux«r¿ est Sulpicia. Her name is Sulpicia.

C¡nsor Hab¡sne l¿ber«s? Do you have (any) children? Aulus Habe«. I do.

C¡nsor Quot l¿ber«s hab¡s? How many children do you have? Aulus Du«s f¿li«s et »nam f¿liam. I have two sons and one daughter.

C¡nsor Hab¡sne fr§tr¡s sor«r¡sve? Do you have (any) brothers or sisters? Aulus Ûnum fr§trem et »nam sor«rem I have one brother and one sister. habe«.

C¡nsor Hab¡sne ali«s cogn§t«s? Do you have other relatives? Aulus Du«s patru«s et tr¡s amit§s. Two uncles and three aunts.

C¡nsor V¿vuntne adh»c parent¡s tu¿? Are your parents still alive? Aulus S§n¡. Yes.

C¡nsor Quis dom¿ tuae habitat? Who lives at your home? Aulus Uxor et l¿ber¿ et e«rum avus My wife, my children, and their aviaque. grandfather and grandmother. 20 Chapter II: Family 21

C¡nsor Me§ sententi§, hab¡s familiam In my opinion, you have a adm¿r§bilem. wonderful family. Aulus S¿c ego quoque put«. I think so too.

LEVEL II A son learns about his family tree from his father.

F¿lius Pater, velim cogn«scere pl»ra d¡ Son: Father, I’d like to know famili§ nostr§. more about our family. Pater Bene, m¿ f¿l¿. Quid vel¿s Father: Fine, my boy. What cogn«scere d¡ stirpe nostr§? would you like to know about our family tree?

F¿lius Quand« t» Mammam in When did you marry Mom? m§trim«nium d»xist¿? Pater Abhinc v¿gint¿ ann«s. Twenty years ago.

F¿lius Quot ann«s n§tus es t»? How old are you? Pater Quadr§gint§ ann«s n§tus sum. I am forty years old.

F¿lius Quot ann«s n§ta est Mamma? How old is Mom? Pater Duod¡quadr§gint§ ann«s n§ta est. She is thirty-eight years old.

F¿lius Quot sor«r¡s hab¡s? How many sisters do you have? Pater Tr¡s habe«. I have three.

F¿lius Quae est maxima n§t»? Which one is the oldest? Pater Paul¿na est maxima n§t». Pauline is the oldest.

F¿lius Quot fr§tr¡s hab¡s? How many brothers do you have? Pater Du«s habe«, Stephanum et I have two, your uncles Stephen Micha¡lem, patru«s tu«s. and Michael.

F¿lius Quis est m§ior n§t», t» an Who is older, you or uncle Stephanus patruus? Stephen? Pater Ego sum du«bus ann¿s m§ior n§t» I am two years older than uncle quam Stephanus patruus sed Stephen, but two years younger du«bus ann¿s minor quam than uncle Michael. Micha¡lis patruus.

F¿lius Habit§v¡runtne avus et avia Did grandfather and grandmother semper in h§c urbe? always live in this city? Pater Ita. Etiam e«rum atav¿. Yes, and also their forefathers. 22 Conversational Latin

F¿lius D¿c mihi, am§b« t¡, paterne tuus Tell me please, were your father et avus tuus in r¡ p»blic§ vers§t¿ and grandfather involved in sunt? politics? Pater Imm« proavus tuus «lim erat Well, your great-grandfather was praefectus urb¿. once mayor of the city.

F¿lius Quid d¡ av« me«? What about my grandfather? Pater Avus tuus v¡r« erat mult«s ann«s In fact, your grandfather was a socius c«nsili¿. T»ne v¿s vers§r¿ cabinet member for many years. aliquand« in r¡ p»blic§? Do you wish someday to be involved in politics?

F¿lius Minim¡ v¡r« hercle! Sp¡r« m¡ Heck no! I hope to be a famous aliquand« fut»rum esse athlete someday. §thl¡tam praecl§rum!

LEVEL III Two friends discuss their family circumstances. M§rcella Anna, fort»n§ta es. Hab¡s Marcella: Anna, you are parent¡s bon«s, mar¿tum fortunate. You have good amantem, socrum benignam. parents, a loving husband, and Tibi quidem invide«. a kind mother-in-law. I really envy you. Anna Ita. Ego habe« etiam adm¿r§bilem Anna: Yes. I also have a mar¿tum sor«ris et ux«rem wonderful brother-in-law and fr§tris. Sed c»r t» mihi invid¡s? sister-in-law. But why do you envy me?

M§rcella Abhinc du«s ann«s m§trem meam I lost my mother two years ago, §m¿s¿, et nunc novercam habe«. and now I have a stepmother. Anna M¡ paenitet haec cogn«scere. I’m sorry to hear that. Is your Estne noverca cr»d¡lis? stepmother cruel?

M§rcella Noverca quidem neque cr»d¡lis Well, my stepmother is neither neque am§bilis est, sed locum cruel nor lovable. But she can m§tris meae numquam »surp§re never take the place of my potest. mother. Anna Suntne fr§ter et soror tua aequ¡ Are your brother and sister ¿nf¡l¿c¡s? equally unhappy?

M§rcella Videntur ¿nf¡l¿c¡s, sed pauca d¡ They seem unhappy, but they say h¿s r¡bus d¿cunt. little about these matters. Anna Tempt§sne anim«s e«rum ¡rigere? Do you try to cheer them up? Chapter II: Family 23

M§rcella Anim«s e«rum ¡rigere tempt«, I try to cheer them up, but it does sed nihil pr«dest. no good. Anna Miseram M§rcellam! Quid d¿cit Poor Marcella! What does your pater tuus? father say?

M§rcella Est admodum sollicitus. D¿cit: He is quite concerned. He says: “Patientia, patientia. Tempus “Patience, patience. Time heals omnia s§nat.” everything.”

SUGGESTED CLASSROOM ACTIVITY ______Ask a few students: Quot ann«s n§tus (or n§ta) es t»? How old are you? Quot ann«s n§tus est pater? How old is your father? Quot ann«s n§ta est m§ter? How old is your mother? Quot fr§tr¡s hab¡s? How may brothers do you have? Quot sor«r¡s hab¡s? How many sisters do you have? Qu¿s fr§ter est maximus n§t»? Which brother is the oldest? Qu¿s fr§ter est minimus n§t»? Which brother is the youngest? Quae soror est maxima n§t»? Which sister is the oldest? Quae soror est minima n§t»? Which sister is the youngest? Quid n«men est fr§tr¿? What is your brother’s name? Quid n«men est sor«r¿? What is your sister’s name?

Then pair off the students and have them ask each other these questions. From the dialogues of the chapter, many other such simple questions can be generated. Or have the students bring family photographs into the classroom and explain who the members of the family (or extended family) are, e.g.: Hic est pater meus. Haec est m§ter mea. Hic est avus meus. Haec est avia mea. Hic est fr§ter meus. Haec est soror mea. 24 Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______adoptive daughter f¿li·a |ae f adopt¿va great-uncle (on the father’s side) adoptive son f¿li·us |¿ m adopt¿vus patru·us |¿ m magnus; (on the mother’s side) avuncul·us |¿ m aunt (mother’s side) m§terter·a |ae f husband mar¿t·us |¿ m aunt (father’s side) amit·a |ae f in-law aff¿n·is |is mf baby ¿nf·§ns |antis mf little brother fr§tercul·us |¿ m brother fr§·ter |tris m little sister sor«rcul·a |ae f brother-in-law l¡·vir |vir¿ m Mom Mamm·a |ae f children l¿ber·¿ |«rum mpl mother m§·ter |tris f cousin (sister’s daughter) c«ns«br¿n·a |ae f mother-in-law socr·us |»s f cousin (brother’s child) patru¡l·is |is mf nephew f¿li·us |¿ m sor«ris; f¿li·us |¿ m fr§tris cousin (sister’s son) c«ns«br¿n·us |¿ m niece f¿li·a |ae f sor«ris; f¿li·a |ae f dad, daddy tat·a |ae m fr§tris daughter f¿li·a |ae f parent par¡ns |entis mf daughter-in-law nur·us |»s f relative cogn§t·us |¿ m, cogn§t·a |ae f family famili·a |ae f sister-in-law (sister of husband) gl«s family tree stirp·s |is f gl«ris f father pa·ter |tris m sister-in-law (wife of brother) ux·or |«ris f fr§tris father-in-law soc·er |er¿ m son f¿li·us |¿ m father of the family paterfamili§s (gen: patrisfamili§s) m son-in-law gener, gener¿ m forefathers atav·¿ |«rum mpl spouse con·i»nx |iugis mf granddaughter nept·is |is f stepdaughter pr¿vign·a |ae f granddad tat·a |ae m stepfather v¿tric·us |¿ m grandfather av·us |¿ m stepmother noverc·a |ae f grandma mamm·a |ae f stepson pr¿vign·us |¿ m grandmother avi·a |ae f uncle (mother’s brother) avuncul·us |¿ m grandson nep·«s |«tis m uncle (father’s brother) patru·us |¿ m great-aunt (on father’s side) amit·a |ae f magna; (on the mother’s side) wife ux·or |«ris f materter·a |ae f magna young daughter f¿liol·a |ae f great-grandfather proav·us |¿ m young son f¿liol·us |¿ m great-grandmother proavi·a |ae f Chapter III: School

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Checking on homework.

Magistra Silentium, quaes«! Andr¡a! Teacher: Silence, please! Andrea! Andr¡a Adsum. Andrea: Present.

Magistra C«nf¡cist¿ne tuum praescr¿ptum Did you finish your homework? domesticum? Andr¡a C«nf¡c¿. I have.

Magistra Quid f¡cist¿? What did you do? Andr¡a Voc§bula Lat¿na ¡didic¿. I memorized the Latin vocabulary.

Magistra Quid amplius? What else? Andr¡a Scr¿pt»ram composu¿. I wrote a composition.

Magistra D¡ qu«? About what? Andr¡a D¡ monument¿s in for«. About the monuments in the forum.

Magistra Quae monumenta d¡scr¿psist¿? Which monuments did you describe? Andr¡a Basilic§s et c»riam et varia templa The courthouses and the senate et c¡tera. building and the various temples, and so forth.

Magistra Tr§de mihi. Hand it in. Andr¡a Ecce. Here it is.

Magistra Christ¿na! Christine! Christ¿na Adsum. Present.

Magistra D¡ qu« in compositi«ne scr¿psist¿? What did you write about in your composition? Christ¿na D¡ st§t» mulierum. About the status of women.

25 26 Conversational Latin

Magistra Bene. Tr§de mihi. Fine. Hand it in. Christ¿na Ecce. Here it is.

LEVEL II Getting the lesson straight. C§rolus Magister, quid d¿c§s ego n«n Carl: Teacher, I don’t understand intelleg«. what you are saying Magister Compar« rem p»blicam R«m§nam Teacher: I am comparing the cum r¡ p»blic§ nostr§. Roman government with our government.

C§rolus At ego sci« nihil fer¡ d¡ r¡ But I know practically nothing p»blic§ R«m§n§. about the Roman government. Magister L¡gist¿ne caput qu§rtum tuae Have you read the fourth chapter Historia R«m§na? of your Roman History?

C§rolus Adh»c ego l¡g¿ s«lum »sque ad So far I have read only up to caput tertium. chapter three. Magister At ego caput qu§rtum assign§v¿ in But I assigned chapter four for diem hodiernum. today.

C§rolus Explic§, quaes«, quid in capite Please explain what is in the qu§rt« sit. fourth chapter. Magister Em, aper¿ librum tuum ad Well, open your book to page p§ginam sex§g¡simam sixty-seven. septimam.

C§rolus Aperu¿ eum. I’ve opened it. Magister Quid est scr¿ptum in summ§ What is written at the top of the p§gin§? page?

C§rolus “D¡ R¡ P»blic§ R«m§n§.” “The Roman Government.” Magister Lege ide« illud caput in diem Then read that chapter for cr§stinum. Disput§bimus d¡ ill§ tomorrow. We’ll discuss that r¡ cr§s. topic tomorrow.

C§rolus Cert¡ illud legam. Sure, I’ll read it. Magister Nisi illud l¡geris, cad¡s pr« cert« If you don’t read it, you’ll flunk in proxim§ prob§ti«ne. the next test for sure. Chapter III: School 27

LEVEL III A teacher conducts her class efficiently. Magistra In man»s capite libell«s vestr«s. Teacher: Get out your notebooks. Corrig¡mus exercitium quod We’re going to correct the modo c«nf¡cistis. exercise that you just completed. I§s«n Ign«sce mihi, magistra; n«n habe« Jason: Excuse me, teacher; I calamum. don’t have a pen.

Magistra Ubi est calamus tuus, I§s«n? Where is your pen, Jason? I§s«n Dom¿ rel¿qu¿, ut vid¡tur. Quid I left it at home, it seems. What faciam? should I do?

Magistra Fortasse potes m»tu§r¿ calamum § Perhaps you can borrow a pen proxim« tu«. from your neighbor. I§s«n Estne haec prob§ti«? Is this a test?

Magistra N«l¿ sollicit§r¿. Ut prius d¿x¿, Don’t worry. As I said earlier, corrig¡mus tantummodo we’re only going to correct exercitia vestra. your exercises. I§s«n ‡nsunt multa menda me« There are lots of mistakes in my exerciti«. exercise.

Magistra Per ign«r§ti«nem an inc»riam? Through lack of knowledge or through carelessness? I§s«n Per utramque, ut vid¡tur. Through both, it seems.

Magistra Recit§ cl§r¡ exercitium tuum et Read your exercise aloud and I ego menda indic§b«. will point out the mistakes. I§s«n Legamne statim cunctum Should I read the whole exercise exercitium an per singul§s at one time or sentence by sententi§s? sentence?

Magistra Per singul§s sententi§s. E« mod« Sentence by sentence. In that way ego quodque mendum indic§b« I can point out and correct each corrigamque et t» poteris mistake, and you can jot down annot§re fig»ram corr¡ctam. the correct form.

THE PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

Fidem meam oblig« vexill« C¿vit§tum Foeder§t§rum Americae et Re¿ P»blicae, c»ius vicem gerit, »n¿ n§ti«n¿, sub De«, ind¿viduae, praebent¿ l¿bert§tem i»stitiamque omnibus. 28 Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______

NOTA BENE! For additional words assistant principal see principal dealing with grammar, see the topical audiovisual aid aud¿v¿sificum vocabulary of Chapter XXV. subsidi·um |§ |um abbreviate imminu·« |ere |u¿ ballpoint pen stil·us |¿ m sphaer§tus immin»tus basics element·a |«rum npl abbreviation not·a |ae f compendi§ria bathroom (toilet) latr¿n·a |ae f; may I ability facult·§s |§tis f; ability to read go to the bathroom? licetne mihi in and write legend¿ scr¿bend¿que latr¿nam ¿re? yes, OK licet facult§s; natural ability ingeni·um blackboard tabul·a |ae f §tra |¿ n book li·ber |br¿ m absent abs·¡ns |entis; to be absent absum abesse §fu¿ §fut»rus book bag capsul·a |ae f schol§ris bright (smart) l»culent·us |a |um absentee abs¡ns, absentis mf buzzer bombil§tr·um |¿ n; when the academy acad¡mi·a |ae f buzzer sounds (or goes) cum add adic·i« |ere adi¡c¿ adiectus bombil§trum strepit aloud cl§r¡ cafeteria refect«ri·um |¿ n answer s resp«ns·um |¿ n; to give an calculator m§chinul·a |ae f calcul§t«ria answer to s.o. alicui resp«nsum call roll n«mina cit§re red·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus capital letter litter·a |ae f m§iuscula answer tr (in both speaking and writing: with dat of person and ad + carbon copy exempl·um |¿ n acc of the thing) respon·de« |d¡re |d¿ tr§nsc»sum, antigraph·um |¿ n |sum; to answer a question ad chalk cr¡t·a |ae f interrog§tum respond¡re; answer in chapter cap·ut |itis n complete sentences t«t¿s sententi¿s respond¡re chemistry chemic·¡ |¡s f ask rog§re; (for information) quaer« class classis |is f; to be at the head of quaerere quaes¿v¿ quaes¿tus; to ask the class classem d»c·« |ere d»x¿ about (someone, something) d¡ classroom concl§v·e |is n schol§re (aliqu«) rog§re; to ask a few college coll¡gi·um |¿ n questions pauca quaerere; to ask s.o. s.th. aliquem aliquid rog§re; to ask composition scr¿pt»r·a |ae f, s.o. for s.th. ab aliqu« aliquid rog§re; compositi·« |«nis f to ask the teacher (student) a copy s exempl·um |¿ n question docentem (discentem) copy tr exscr¿b·« |ere exscr¿ps¿ (from interrog§re; to ask this question hoc ex + abl) (by cheating cland¡st¿n«) quaerere correct adj r¡ct·us |a |um (opp: assign assign§re pr§vus), ¡mend§t·us |a |um (free assignment p¡ns·um |¿ n; (written) from faults), corr¡ct·us |a |um (in the praescr¿pt·um |¿ n sense of “corrected”) Chapter III: School 29 correct tr (esp. mistakes in writing) examine ex§min§re ¡mend§re; (a person or mistake) exercise (written) exerciti·um |¿ n; corrig·« |ere corr¡x¿ corr¡ctus (practice) exercit§ti·« |«nis f correction corr¡cti·« |«nis f, ¡mend§ti·« explain expl§n§re, explic§re |«nis f explanation expl§n§ti·« |«nis f, correctly r¡ct¡ (opp: pr§v¡), ¡mend§t¡; explic§ti·« |«nis f to speak (spell) correctly r¡ct¡ loqu¿ (scr¿bere) express exprim·« |ere express¿ expressus corridor ambul§cr·um |¿ n, andr·«n |«nis m faculty magisteri·um |¿ n day off (from school) (ab schol§) flunk: to flunk a test cad·« |ere cecid¿ f¡ri§tus di·¡s |¡¿ m; have a day off c§s»rus in prob§ti«ne f¡ri§tum diem hab¡re form (grammatical) fig»r·a |ae f deal with (topic, person) tract§re freshman t¿r·« |«nis mf dean dec§n·us |¿ m; dec§n·a |ae f front of the room prior par·s |tis f desk m¡ns·a |ae f scr¿pt«ria scholae dictionary dicti«n§r·ium |¿ n, lexic·on get (to understand) ten·e« |¡re |u¿ |¿ n tentus; I get it tene«; now I get it iam tene« discuss disput§re d¡ (+ abl) globe glob·us |¿ m terr§rum discussion disput§ti·« |«nis f grade s grad·us |»s m; (for door i§nu·a |ae f performance) not·a |ae f drive, enthusiasm studi·um |¿ n, v¿s grade tr (papers) not§re; (to evaluate) (acc: vim) f aestim§re educate ¿nstit·u« |uere |u¿ |»tus graduate grad»s suscip·i« |ere susc¡p¿ education ¿nstit»ti·« |«nis f (Note that guidance counselor c«nsili§·tor |t«ris m ¡duc§ti« refers to “raising, bringing scholasticus; c«nsili§·tr¿x |¿cis f up” and can apply to the raising of scholastica children as well as livestock, the training of the body, etc.) hallway ambul§cr·um |¿ n, andr·«n elementary school litter§rius l»d·us |¿ |«nis m m hand in tr tr§·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus erase ¡r§d·« |ere ¡r§s¿ ¡r§sus handwriting ch¿rograph·um |¿ n eraser (for a blackboard) d¡ters«ri·um heading cap·ut |itis n, ind·ex |icis m |¿ n; (on a pencil) gumm·is |is f capitis erasure lit»r·a |ae f high school schol·a |ae f superior error (in writing) mend·um |¿ n, history histori·a |ae f mend·a |ae f, viti·um |¿ n; to home room concl§ve |is n schol§re commit (make) an error mendum proprium admitt·« |ere adm¿s¿ admissus homework p¡ns·um |¿ n domesticum; essay libell·us |¿ m (written) praescr¿pt·um |¿ n examination ex§min§ti·« |«nis f domesticum 30 Conversational Latin hooky: to play hooky ¿nsci¿s parentibus lectern l¡ct«ri·um |¿ n § schol§ abesse line vers·us |»s m (of prose or poetry) illiterate analphab¡t·us |a |um map tabul·a |ae f geographica improve (to get better in study) manuscript manuscr¿pt·um |¿ n pr«fic·i« |ere pr«f¡c¿ pr«fectum mean signific·« |§re improvement pr«fect·us |»s m meaning signific§ti·« |«nis f; basic ink §tr§ment·um |¿ n (figurative, litteral) meaning instruct s.o. in s.th. ¿nstru·« |ere pr¿nceps (tr§nsl§t¿va, propria) ¿nstrux¿ ¿nstructus aliquem aliqu« signific§ti« instruction (teaching) ¿nstit»ti·« |«nis f; memorize ¡disc·« |ere ¡didic¿ instructions praecept·a |«rum npl meter numer·us |¿ m instructor praecept·or |«ris m (·r¿x mistake mend·um |¿ n, viti·um |¿ n |r¿cis f), doc·¡ns |entis mf note not·a |ae f; to take notes jot down annot§re comment§ri«s c«nfic·i« |ere c«nf¡c¿ junior i»ni·or |«ris mf c«nfectus key cl§v·is |is m note pad pugill§r·¡s |um mpl know sci« sc¿re sc¿v¿ sc¿tus; know how notebook libell·us |¿ m to sc¿re (+ inf); not know nesc·i« page p§gin·a |ae f; at the bottom (top) |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ of the page in ¿m§ (summ§) p§gin§ Latin (to know, read, teach, speak, paper chart·a |ae f understand, write) Lat¿n¡; Are you learning Latin? Discisne Lat¿n¡?; paper clip f¿bicul·a |ae f chart§rum Did you forget Latin? Esne obl¿tus paragraph paragraph·us |¿ f, cap·ut |itis (-a) L§t¿n¡?; Do you know Latin? n N«st¿ne Lat¿n¡?; Do you know how pass: to pass a test prob§ti«nem to speak Latin? Sc¿sne Lat¿n¡ sustin·e« |¡re |u¿ loqu¿?; Do you read Latin easily? Legisne Lat¿n¡ facile?; Do you passage (in a text) loc·us |¿ (pl: loc¿) m speak Latin (fluently)? Loquerisne pen penn·a |ae f, calam·us |¿ m Lat¿n¡ (pr«fluenter)?; Do you teach scr¿pt«rius Latin? Doc¡sne Lat¿n¡?; Do you pencil graphi·um |¿ n understand Latin? Intellegisne Lat¿n¡?; Since when have you been period: (class period) spati·um |¿ n; in learning Latin? Ex qu« tempore the third period terti« spati« Lat¿n¡ didicist¿?; Where did you podium podi·um |¿ n, pulpit·um |¿ n study Latin? Ubi Lat¿n¡ studuist¿?; Who is able to write Latin? Quis poem po¡m·a |atis n Lat¿n¡ scr¿bere potest? point out indic§re Latin teacher Lat¿nit§tis magis·ter |tr¿ poster foli·um |¿ n m»r§le m (·tra |trae f) practice s exercit§ti·« |«nis f; extensive learn disc·« |ere didic¿; to learn by and continous practice multa et heart ¡discere continua exercit§ti« learner disc·¡ns |entis mf practice tr exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus Chapter III: School 31 prepare par§re; (in advance) praepar§re roll call n«minum recit§ti·« |«nis f; to present: to be present adsum adesse take roll call n«mina recit§re adfu¿ adfut»rus rule s (for measuring) r¡gul·a |ae f principal (l»d¿ or scholae) r¡c·tor |t«ris scan (poetry) tr scand·« |ere |¿ sc§nsus m, r¡c·tr¿x |tr¿cis f); assistant (or school building aed·¡s |is f schol§ris vice) principal r¡ctor vic§rius, r¡ctr¿x vic§ria; principal’s office school l»d·us |¿ m; (advanced) schol·a r¡ct«ris (r¡ctr¿cis) offic¿n·a |ae f |ae f; to attend school scholam frequent§re; to go to school scholam progress pr«fect·us |»s m; to make obe« ob¿re obi¿ or ob¿v¿; to skip progress pr«fic·i« |ere pr«f¡c¿ school ¿nsci¿s parentibus § schol§ pr«fectum absum abesse promote ad superi«rem classem school supplies ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n pr«mov·e« |¡re pr«m«v¿ pr«m«tus schol§re pronounce pr«n»nti§re scribble exar§re, c«nscr¿bill§re prose pr«s·a |ae f seat subselli·um |¿ n (schol§re) pupil discipul·us |¿ m, discipul·a |ae f senior seni·or |«ris mf question rog§t·um |¿ n; interrog§t·um |¿ sheet schid·a |ae f n; quaesti·« |«nis f; to raise a question quaesti«nem p«n·« |ere silence silenti·um |¿ n posu¿ slide im§g·« |inis f ph«tographica tr§nsl»cida; to show slides im§gin¡s question mark sign·um |¿ n ph«tographic§s exhib·e« |¡re |u¿ interrog§ti«nis |itus quiz quaestiuncul·a |ae f slow to learn s¡gn·is |is |e read leg·« legere l¡g¿ l¡ctus small letter litter·a |ae f minuscula reading paus·a |ae f; l¡cti·« |«nis f sophomore sophom«r·us |¿ m, recess paus·a |ae f; during (after, sophom«r·a |ae f before) recess inter (post, ante) spell scr¿b·« |ere scr¿ps¿ scr¿ptus pausam spelling orthographi·a |ae f recitation recit§ti·« |«nis f staple s unc¿nul·us |¿ m (metallicus) recite recit§re staple tr c«nsu·« |ere |¿ |»tus repeat repet·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus stapler unc¿n§t«ri·um |¿ n, c«ns»t«ri·um repetition repet¿ti·« |«nis f |¿ n (chart§rum) research s invest¿g§ti·« |«nis f student stud·¡ns |entis mf, discipul·us |¿ research tr invest¿g§re m, discipul·a |ae f restroom loc·us |¿ m s¡cr¡tus; (public) studies studi·a |«rum npl; (studium in foric·a |ae f; may I go to the the singular means “drive, restroom licetne mihi in locum enthusiasm”) s¡cr¡tum in¿re? Yes, OK licet study period spati·um |¿ n studi«sum review s retract§ti·« |«nis f stumble over new words nova verba review tr retract§re offend·« |ere |¿ 32 Conversational Latin subject discipl¿n·a |ae f; (topic) English ex Lat¿n« in Anglicum arg»ment·um |¿ n (con)vertere subject matter m§teri·a |ae f translation tr§nsl§t·a |«rum npl; (act of subtract d¡trah·« |ere d¡trax¿ d¡tractus translating) conversi·« |«nis f, tr§nsl§ti·« |«nis f; (of a sentence) table of contents in·dex |dicis m sententia tr§nsl§ta; (of a book) liber capitum tr§nsl§tus take down (notes, lecture) excip·i« |ere transparency p§gin·a |ae f pell»cida exc¡p¿ exceptus tutor domesticus (|a) praecept·or |«ris talent ingeni·um |¿ n m (·r¿x |r¿cis f) talented ingeni«s·us |a |um type m§chinul§ scr¿pt«ri§ scr¿b·« |ere teach (w. double acc) doc·e« |¡re |u¿ scr¿ps¿ scr¿ptus, dactylograph§re |tus typewriter m§chinul·a |ae f scr¿pt«ria, teacher magis·ter |tr¿ m, magistr·a |ae f; dactylograph·um |¿ n (in elementary school) litter§t·or typewriter key pl¡ctr·um |¿ n |«ris m, litter§tr·¿x |¿cis f (dactylographicum) malleol·us |i m teaching assistant magistrae (or typewriter ribbon taeni·a |ae f magistr¿) adi»t·or |«ris m (adi»tr·¿x dactylographica |¿cis f) understand intelleg·« |ere intell¡x¿ teaching method docend¿ rati·« |«nis f intell¡ctus test prob§ti·« |«nis f vacation: be on vacation f¡ri§t·us |a textbook lib·er |r¿ m schol§ris, ars, artis |um esse f verse vers·us |»s m theme (topic) m§teri·a |ae f, vice principal see principal arg»ment·um |¿ n; (essay) tract§t·us |»s m vocabulary voc§bul·a |«rum npl toilet l§tr¿n·a |ae f; may I go to the white board tabul·a |ae f alba toilet licetne mihi in l§tr¿nam ¿re? window fenestr·a |ae f Yes, OK licet workboook libell·us |¿ m exerciti«rum topic m§teri·a |ae f, r¡s, re¿ f write scr¿b·« |ere scr¿ps¿ scr¿ptus translate (con)vert·« |ere |¿ writing scr¿pt»r·a |ae f; writings (con)versus; ; tr§ns·fer« |ferre |tul¿ scr¿pt·a |«rum npl |l§tus; to translate from Latin to Chapter III: School 33

COMMANDS FOR THE CLASSROOM ______

N.B. For all commands dealing with don’t tease him (her) n«l¿ (n«l¿te) eum Latin grammar see Chapter 25. (eam) tax§re answer me respond¡ mihi; answer my explain this construction explic§ question respond¡ (respond¡te) ad (explic§te) hanc c«nstructi«nem meum interrog§tum form a single (double) line fac (facite) be on time, please ven¿ (ven¿te) temper¿ agmen »nicum (duplex) (or ad tempus), quaes« get out your book(s) librum in manum be quiet (silent) tac¡ (tac¡te); silentium cape, libr«s in man»s capite; librum ten¡ (ten¡te) pr«me, libr«s pr«mite close the door claude (claudite) i§nuam go on (continue) perge (pergite) collect the papers collige (pl colligite) go to the blackboard acc¡de (acc¡dite) chart§s ad tabulam §tram come here ven¿ (pl: ven¿te) h»c hand me the book librum cedo (cette) come in intr§ (pl: intr§te) [an old imperative] come on, try to remember agedum, hand in the papers chart§s redde tempt§ (tempt§te) meminisse (reddite), chart§s tr§de (tr§dite) continue (reading, writing, speaking, hand out the papers distribue translating) perge (pergite) (legere, (distribuite) chart§s or pr«mpt§ scr¿bere, d¿cere, vertere) (pr«mpt§te) chart§s cut it out d¡sine (d¡sinite); d¡siste hurry up m§t»r§ (m§t»r§te) (d¡sistite) I want a word with you after class cut out the chatter, please «mitte pauc¿s t¡ vol« post classem («mittite) garrulit§tem, quaes« knock it off, please parce (parcite), cut out the noise, please omitte quaes« (omittite) strepitum, quaes« listen carefully aud¿ (aud¿te) d¿ligenter cut out the nonsense omitte (omittite) listen to me m¡ auscult§ (auscult§te) n»g§s look at me converte (convertite) ocul«s don’t cheat n«l¿ (n«l¿te) exscr¿bere ex in m¡ proxim« look it up in the dictionary id inqu¿re don’t forget to do your homework (inqu¿rite) in dicti«n§ri« n«l¿te obl¿v¿sc¿ perficere p¡nsum vestrum lower your voice remitte (remittite) v«cem don’t interrupt, please n«l¿ (n«l¿te) interpell§re, quaes« make it brief in pauca c«nfer (c«nferte) don’t laugh at him (her) n«l¿ (n«l¿te) never mind sine (sinite) r¿d¡re eum (eam) open your book(s) to page … aper¿ don’t speak English n«l¿ (n«l¿te) loqu¿ librum (aper¿te libr«s) ad Anglic¡ p§ginam … 34 Conversational Latin outline the story (the essay) d¡l¿ne§ sit down, please c«ns¿de (c«ns¿dite), (d¡l¿ne§te) f§bulam (tract§tum) quaes« pass around circumfer (pl circumferte) sit up straight r¡ct¡ sed¡ (sed¡te) pass out the papers see hand out the speak slowly (louder), please loquere papers (loquimin¿) lent¡ (cl§rius), quaes« pass the papers to the front chart§s speak up ¡loquere (¡loquimin¿) tr§de (tr§dite) ad frontem stop arguing d¡sine (d¡sinite) pay attention attende (attendite); pay arg»ment§r¿ (squabbling) r¿x§r¿ attention to what I am saying stop talking d¡sine (d¡sinite) loqu¿ attende (attendite) dicta mea stand up surge (c«nsurgite); (esp. as a put your book(s) away s¡p«ne librum mark of respect) assurge (assurgite) (s¡p«nite libr«s) stop writing d¡sine (d¡sinite) scr¿bere raise your hand(s) attolle manum (attollite man»s) take notes ¡not§ (¡not§te) read the next sentence lege (legite) take up (for reading, studying) in sententiam proximam; (read aloud) man»s s»me (pl: s»mite) recit§ (recit§te) sententiam proximam take your seats revertite ad subsellia read aloud (slower, faster, louder, translate this sentence from English to with inflection of the voice) lege Latin converte hanc sententiam ex (legite) cl§r¡ (lentius, celerius, Anglic« in Lat¿num cl§rius, flex§ v«ce) translate this sentence from Latin to repeat after me e¿sdem verb¿s mihi English converte (convertite) hanc redde (reddite) sententiam ex Lat¿n« in Anglicum repeat the passage repete (repetite) turn around t¡ verte (pl: v«s vertite) locum turn to page ¡volve librum repeat what you just said repete (¡volvite libr«s) ad p§ginam (repetite) quid modo d¿xer¿s use your dictionary »tere (»timin¿) (d¿xer¿tis) dicti«n§ri« review: let’s review the pronouns whoa! not so fast! eho, n«n tam cito! pr«n«mina retract¡mus write out the sentences sententi§s show me your homework ostende perscr¿be (perscr¿bite) (ostendite) mihi p¡nsum (or praescr¿ptum) write that on the board scr¿be (scr¿bite) id in tabul§ §tr§ (or alb§) silence, please! silentium, quaes«! Chapter IV: Daily Activities

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Mother calls from downstairs to wake her daughters.

[NOTE—Time of day can be computed according to the Roman system, beginning at 6:00 A.M., or according to the modern system, beginning the day at midnight. See page 80 on the Roman hours.] M§ter Vict«ria, surge. Tempus est Mother: Victoria, get up. It’s time surgere. to get up. Vict«ria O m§ter, ego tam fessa sum. Victoria: Oh mother, I’m so tired. Librum meum ad multam I read my book till late at night. noctem l¡g¿. Quota h«ra est? What time is it?

M§ter Iam h«ra oct§va est. Vigil§sne? It’s already eight o’clock. Are you awake? Vict«ria Vigil«. Ubi sunt calce¿ me¿? Yes, I am. Where are my shoes?

M§ter Qu«modo sciam? Ubi, ut op¿nor, How should I know? I suppose, t» e«s d¡tr§xist¿ her¿ vesper¿. where you took them off last Vict«ria, excit§ ¡ somn« tuam night. Wake up your little sister sororculam Ol¿viam. Olivia. Vict«ria M§ter, Ol¿via n«n vult surgere. Mother, Olivia doesn’t want to Sub str§gul¿s adh»c iacet et s¡ wake up. She’s still lying under n«n movet. the covers and doesn’t move.

M§ter Vigilatne nunc Ol¿via? Is Olivia awake now? Vict«ria Minim¡ edepol! Ista pigra n¡ Heck no! That lazy thing doesn’t ocul«s quidem aperit. Quid even open her eyes. I don’t faciam nesci«. know what to do.

M§ter Excit§ eam iterum. Wake her again. Vict«ria Excit§v¿. N«n pr«dest. Dictitat: I have. It doesn’t do any good. “Omn¿n« «d¿ surgere tam bene She keeps on saying: “I m§ne.” absolutely hate to get up so early in the morning.”

35 36 Conversational Latin

M§ter Extrahe eam ¡ lectul«. Ali«qu¿n Drag her out of bed. Otherwise ego ipsa s»rsum veniam et eam I’ll come upstairs myself and excit§b«. wake her up. Vict«ria Bene est, Mamma; Ol¿via tandem It’s O.K., Mom. Olivia has finally ¡ lectul« r¡psit. crawled out of bed.

LEVEL II Two sisters bicker as they get ready for the day. Vict«ria Ol¿via, agedum, t¡ lav§ et dent¡s Victoria: Olivia, come on, wash p»rg§. yourself and brush your teeth. [lit: “clean” your teeth] Ol¿via C»r omn¡s in h§c famili§ m¡ Olivia: Why does everyone in this carpunt? Qu«modo possum m¡ family pick on me? How can I lav§re s¿ aqu§lem n«n habe«? wash myself if I don’t have a basin?

Vict«ria Postquam t» t¡ l§vist¿, mement« After you have washed, remember purg§re dent¡s. Et mement« to brush your teeth. And sternere lectulum tuum. remember to make your bed. Ol¿via Qu«modo dent¡s purg§re possum, How can I brush my teeth if you s¿ t» pastam dent§riam hab¡s? have the toothpaste?

Vict«ria Et mement« pectere capill«s, s¿ And remember to comb your hair n«n v¿s vid¡r¿ similis Med»sae. if you don’t want to look like Medusa. Ol¿via Qu«modo capill«s pectere How can I comb my hair if possum, s¿ quis pectinem meum someone swiped my comb? sustulit?

Vict«ria Et mement«, mea c§ra sororcula, And remember, my dear little cr¿sp§re capill«s. sister, to curl your hair. Ol¿via Qu«modo capill«s cr¿sp§re How can I curl my hair if I can’t possum, s¿ neque calamistrum find the curler or the mirror? neque speculum inven¿re possum?

Vict«ria Misera Ol¿via, t«tus mundus tibi Poor Olivia, the whole world is advers§tur! against you! M§ter Puellae, d¡sinite r¿x§r¿. Ven¿te Girls, stop bickering. Come deorsum. Ient§culum est downstairs. Breakfast is ready. par§tum. Chapter IV: Daily Activities 37

LEVEL III Mother and daughters do the daily chores.

M§ter Vict«ria et Ol¿via, d¡s¿der« Victoria and Olivia, I need your auxilium vestrum hod¿¡. Ego help today. I have already made iam lect«s omn¡s str§v¿ et all the beds and have washed pav¿mentum l§v¿. the floor. Vict«ria Promptae sumus. D¿c quid vel¿s ut We are ready. Tell us what you n«s faci§mus. want us to do.

M§ter Vict«ria, pr¿mum omnium, lav§ Victoria, first of all, wash the patin§s et v§sa quibus in dishes and the pots and pans prandi« »s¿ sumus. which we used at lunch. Vict«ria V¿sne etiam m¡ m¡nsam p«nere Do you also want me to set the ad c¡nam? table for dinner?

M§ter Ita. Deinde pr«me aliquid v¿n¿ ¡ Yes. Then get out some wine from cell§ v¿n§ri§. the wine cellar. Ol¿via Quid ego faciam? What should I do?

M§ter Fortasse t» potes haur¿re aquam ¡ Perhaps you can draw some cistern§. Ecce situlam. water from the cistern. Here’s the bucket. Ol¿via Quid aqu§ faciam? What should I do with the water?

M§ter Impl¡ solium in balneol«. Fill the bathtub in the bathroom. Ol¿via Quicquam aliud? Anything else?

M§ter Impl¡ aqu§l¡s in omnibus Fill the wash basins in all the cubicul¿s. bedrooms. Ol¿via Postquam ego omnia f¡cer«, After I have done everything, may lic¡bitne for§s exeam l»sum? I go outside to play? My friends Am¿cae meae m¡ exspectant. are waiting for me.

Mater Cert¡, ex¿ for§s et l»de cum Certainly, go outside and play am¿c¿s tu¿s usque ad h«ram with your friends until dinner c¡nand¿. time. 38 Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______answering machine resp«nsr·um |¿ n layer the hair comam in grad»s frang·« awake: to be awake vigil§re |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus basin aqu§l·is |is m (f) make the bed lectum (or lectulum) stern·« |ere str§v¿ str§tus breakfast ient§cul·um |¿ n; to eat breakfast ient§re; ient§culum s»m·« mirror specul·um |¿ n |ere s»mps¿ s»mptus mow the lawn gr§m·en |inis n resec« brush the teeth dent¡s purg§re [lit: to |§re |u¿ |tus clean the teeth] nap brevis somn·us ¿ m; to take a nap brevem somnum cap·i« |ere c¡p¿ cell phone t¡leph«nul·um |¿ n port§bile captus clean purg§re, mund§re; to clean out polish shoes calce«s pol·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus the kitchen cul¿nam mundandam c»r§re pots and pans v§s·a |«rum npl comb tr pect·« |ere pex¿ pectus; to put on (clothes) indu·« |ere |¿ |»tus comb the hair capillum (or capill«s (opp: exuere) or cr¿n¡s or comam) pectere; to set the table cib§ria (v§scula) in comb out expectere; to comb back m¡nsam app«n·« |ere apposu¿ repectere appositus comb s pect·en |inis m snack merend·a |ae f; to have a snack curl cr¿sp§re merendam cap·i« |ere c¡p¿ captus curler calamistr·um |¿ n soap sap·« |«nis m; bar of soap sap«nis quadrul·a |ae f dine c¡n§re sweep the floor pav¿mentum verr·« |ere dish patin·a |ae f; to wash the dishes |¿ versus patin§s lav§re take off (clothes) d¡trah·« |ere d¡tr§x¿ draw water aquam haur·i« |¿re haus¿ d¡tractus; exu·« |ere |¿ |»tus haustus telephone s t¡leph«n·um |¿ n; by dust the furniture supellectilem telephone t¡leph«nic¡; to call s.o. d¡ter·ge« |g¡re |s¿ |sus on the telephone aliquem eat ed« ¡sse ¡d¿ ¡sus; (breakfast, lunch, t¡leph«nic¡ compell§re; to dial a dinner) s»m·« |ere s»mps¿ s»mptus (telephone) (area code) number numerum (t¡leph«nicum) (numerum fill impl·e« |¡re |¡v¿ |¡tus; to fill the praes¡l¡ct«rium) s¡lig·« |ere s¡l¡g¿ water basins aqu§l¡s |ium impl¡re s¡l¡ctus; to speak with s.o. on the floor pav¿ment·um |¿ n telephone cum aliqu« t¡leph«nic¡ get up surg·« |ere surr¡x¿ surr¡ctum colloquor colloqu¿ colloc»tus sum; to use a pay phone t¡leph«n« mon¡t§l¿ go to bed dorm¿tum (or cubitum) »tor »t¿ »sus sum [supine] e« ¿re i¿ or ¿v¿ itum telephone adj t¡leph«nic·us |a |um; go shopping obs«n§re telephone call (local, long-distance) iron clothes vest¿menta prem·« |ere t¡leph«nicum colloqui·um |¿ n press¿ pressus (loc§le, longinquum) Chapter IV: Daily Activities 39 telephone tr per t¡leph«num voc§re toothbrush p¡nicul·us |¿ m dent§rius telephone book catalog·us |¿ m toothpaste past·a |ae f dent§ria t¡leph«nicus vacuum tr pulveris haur¿t«ri« purg§re telephone booth cell·a |ae f t¡leph«nica vacuum cleaner pulveris haur¿t«ri·um telephone number numer·us |¿ m |¿ n t¡leph«nicus wake up tr (¡ somn«) excit§re ¶ intr television s t¡lev¿s«ri·um |¿ n; (see experg¿sc·or |¿ experrectus sum television, ChapterIV) to watch wash tr lav·« |§re l§v¿ lautus ¶ intr television t¡lev¿s«ri·um spect§re lav§r¿, s¡ lav§re tidy up «rdin§re water the flowers fl«r¡s adaqu§re tired fess·us |a |um 40 Conversational Latin Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Her teacher asks Dorothy how she spends her free time.

Magistra Qu«modo c«ns»mis «tium di¡bus Teacher: How do you spend your pr«f¡st¿s? leisure time on weekdays? Doroth¡a Postquam studia c«nf¡c¿, cum Dorothy: After I have finished my am¿c¿s me¿s l»d«. studies, I play with my friends.

Magistra Quid facis f¿ne hebdomadis? What do you do on the weekend? Doroth¡a Pr¿mum, dormi« quam di» mihi First, I sleep as long as I please. libet.

Magistra Quid facis poste§? What do you do after that? Doroth¡a Deinde ego et am¿cae Then I and my friends go for a d¡ambul§mus. walk.

Magistra Quid facis di¡ S§turn¿ vesper¿? What do you do on Saturday evening? Doroth¡a Interdum e« in c¿n¡mat¡um. Sometimes I go to the movie theater.

Magistra Quid amplius facis? What else do you do? Doroth¡a Interdum am§ns meus m¡ ad Sometimes my boyfriend takes me salt§ti«nem d»cit. to a dance.

Magistra Quid aliud facis? What else do you do? Doroth¡a Saepe t¡lev¿s«rium spect«. I often watch television.

Magistra Qu«modo vac§ti«nem aest¿vam How do you spend your summer c«ns»mis? vacation? Doroth¡a Sc¿licet aliquot p¡nsa dom¿ faci«; Of course I do some chores at multum autem tempus l¿berum home; still, I have a lot of free habe«. time.

40 Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities 41

Magistra Quid erg« facis? So, what do you do? Doroth¡a Multa quidem. Interdum v¿sit« A lot of things, really. At times I cogn§t«s me«s. Interdum «ram visit my relatives. Sometimes I maritimam pet«. head for the shore.

Magistra Quibuscum? With whom? Doroth¡a Aut cum famili§ aut cum amante Either with my family or with my me«. boyfriend.

Magistra Quid aliud facis? What else do you do? Doroth¡a Per occ§si«nem ad concentum e«. Occasionally I go to a concert.

LEVEL II His teacher asks Theodore how he spends his free time. Magister Qu«modo tempus l¿berum tuum Teacher: How do you spend your c«ns»mis? free time? Theod«rus Di¡bus pr«f¡st¿s pl¡rumque in Theodore: On weekdays I am §thl¡tic§ versor. generally involved in sports.

Magister Quid facis f¿ne hebdomadis? What do you do on the weekend? Theod«rus Multa. Pil§ l»d«. Latruncul¿s l»d«. A lot of things. I play ball. I play Atque m»sicam am«. checkers. And I also love music.

Magister Potesne canere ¿nstr»ment« Can you play a musical m»sic«? instrument? Theod«rus Possum puls§re tympanum atque Yes, I can play the drum as well canere tub§. play the trumpet.

Magister Potesne l»dere cithar§ Hisp§nic§? Can you play the guitar? Theod«rus N«n. No.

Magister Quid facis f¿ne hebdomadis? What do you do on the weekend? Theod«rus Di¡ S§turn¿ ego et am¿c¿ me¿ ad On Saturday I and my friends go forum ¿mus et ¿nspicimus to the mall and look at many mult§s tabern§s. shops.

Magister V«sne umquam in biblioth¡cam Do you ever go to the library? ¿tis? Rarely. But we often go to the Theod«rus R§r«. Sed saepe ¿mus ad §ream playground outside the library. l»s«riam extr§ biblioth¡cam. We skate there or play Patin§mus aut corbipil§ ibi basketball. l»dimus. 42 Conversational Latin

Magister Quid facis inter f¡ri§s aest¿v§s? What do you do during the summer holidays? Theod«rus Saepe pisc§tum e« cum patre I often go fishing with my father. me«.

Magister Hab¡sne ¿nstr»mentum Do you have fishing tackle? pisc§t«rium? Theod«rus N»per pater ¿nstr»mentum Recently my father bought me pisc§t«rium mihi ¡mit: fishing tackle: a rod, line, and a calamum, l¿neam, r¡te. net.

Magister Sc¿sne pisc§r¿? Do you know how to fish? Theod«rus Ut tibi v¡rum d¿cam, pater p«nit To tell you the truth, my father ¡scam in h§m« pr« m¡. puts the bait on the hook for me.

LEVEL III Paula and Robert discuss sports. Paula Quibus, Roberte, §thl¡tic¿s l»dis? Paula: Robert, what sports do you play? Robertus Vern« tempore pl¡rumque Robert:In the springtime I usually pilamalle« l»d«, sed interdum play golf, but at times I also etiam tenisi§ l»d«. play tennis.

Paula Euge! Quibus §thl¡tic¿s aest§te Great! What sports do you play in l»dis? summer? Robertus Ut v¡rum d¿cam, aest§te in To tell you the truth, in summer I pilamalle¿ camp« saepe sum; am often on the golf course; I eg« pr«rsus am« pilamalle« just love to play golf. After that l»dere. Postill§c in nostr§ I swim in our new pool for a pisc¿n§ nov§ aliquamdi» nat«. while. But I also like to play Sed etiam m¡ d¡lectat basipil§ baseball. l»dere.

Paula Qu« loc« l»dis? What position do you play? Robertus Ad pr¿mam basim l»d«, sed Mostly I play first base, but at interdum intermedius basi§rius times I play shortstop. l»d«. Nempe aud¿re cl§m«r¡s Naturally, I like to hear the faut«rum mihi placet, cheers of the fans in the stands quand«cumque pilam extr§ whenever I hit the ball out of campum l»s«rium puls«. the ball park. Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities 43

Paula Macte virt»te est«, Roberte! Et Good for you! And what about the quid d¡ autumn«? fall? Robertus Au! N«l¿ d¡ autumn« menti«nem Ouch! Don’t mention fall to me. mihi facere, quia e« tempore in That’s when I have to go back scholam iterum mihi to school. redeundum est.

Paula At n«n semper in schol§ es. But you are not always in school. Agedum, aliquid temporis You certainly have some spare subsic¿vi §thl¡tic¿s hab¡s time for sports. Robertus R¡ct¡ d¿cis. Ineunte autumn« You’re right. At the beginning of adh»c basipil§ l»d«. Sed deinde fall I still play baseball. But cum for¿s fr¿g¡scit, corbifolle when it gets cold, I prefer to intus l»dere praefer«. play basketball inside.

Paula Qu« loc« in turm§ l»dis? What position do you play on the team? Robertus Quod ego stat»r§ pr«c¡r§ sum, ego centr§lis sum. Ann« Because I am tall, I am the center. superi«re turma nostra invicta Last year our team was erat. undefeated.

Paula Quibus §thl¡tic¿s hieme l»dis? What sports do you play in winter? Robertus Hieme am« per glaciem patin§re in stagn« n«n procul § m¡. Well, in winter I love to skate on Postquam nivis c§sum, saepe the pond not far from my home. nart« in collibus in proxim«. After a snowfall, I often ski on the hills nearby.

Paula Edepol, t» quidem magnus §thl¡ta Gee, you are a great athlete. Now es. V¿sne nunc aud¿re quibus do you want to hear what sports §thl¡tic¿s ego studeam? Ego . . . I go in for? I . . . Robertus Benign¡, Paula. Enimv¡r« No, thank you, Paula. You see, occup§tissimus sum. I’m really very busy. I am Gymnasium pet«. Am¿c¿ me¿ heading for the gym. My friends m¡ iam dudum exspectant. have been waiting there for me Nunc bene val¡. for a long time. Bye for now. 44 Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______

Sports foul off¡ns·a |ae f; commit a foul off¡nsam committ·« |ere comm¿s¿ GENERAL TERMS The following terms commissus, poen§liter ag« agere ¡g¿ can be applied to several sports: §ctus athlete §thl¡t·a |ae m, §thl¡tri·a |ae f game l»d·us |¿ m, l»s·us |»s m; athletic §thl¡tic·us |a |um (contest) cert§m·en |inis n athletics §thl¡tic·a |ae f half: first half prior pars f cert§minis; second half altera pars cert§minis ball pil·a |ae f; (inflated) fol·lis |is m; catch the ball pilam or follem half-time d¿midium temp·us |oris n excip·i« |ere exc¡p¿ exceptus; kick lose tr lose a game l»d« super§r¿, l»dum the ball follem pede puls§re or ¿c« per·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus ¶ intr ¿cere ¿c¿ ictus; play ball pil§ or folle vinc·or |¿ victus sum l»dere; throw the ball pilam or losing team turm·a |ae f victa follem conic·i« |ere coni¡c¿ coniectus match cert§m·en |inis n ball field camp·us |¿ m l»s«rius net r¡t·e |is n ball game l»s·us |»s m pilae (or follis) offside: be offside seorsum esse or st§re ball park camp·us |¿ m l»s«rius opponent advers§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) bench s (wooden seat) scamn·um |¿ n; overtime additicium temp·us |oris n (ballplayers) c«pi·ae |§rum fpl place: be in first place pr¿m§ri·us |a subsidi§riae |um esse; be in second place bench tr ad scamnum releg§re secund§ri·us |a |um esse; be in third place terti·us |a |um esse; hold first bleachers for·¿ |«rum mpl (second, third) place statum block ob·st« |st§re |stit¿ (+ dat), pr¿m§rium (secund§rium, tertium) obsist·« |ere obstit¿ (+ dat), obstru·« hab¡re |ere obstrux¿ obstructus play l»d·« |ere l»s¿ l»sum; play a game coach s exercit§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis l»sum l»dere; play ball pil§ l»dere f) player l»s·or |«ris m, l»str·¿x |¿cis f coach tr & intr exercit§re playing field camp·us |¿ m l»s«rius compete against contend·« |ere |¿ position loc·us |¿ m; what position do contr§ (+ acc) you play? qu« loc« l»dis? competition contenti·« |«nis f; (event) referee arbi·ter |tr¿ m (·tra |trae f) cert§m·en |inis n point p»nct·um |¿ n; score a point competitor compet¿·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x p»nctum fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus |tr¿cis f) score summ·a |ae f p»nct«rum, status equipment appar§t·us |»s m, |»s m; (in golf) summa ictuum; final ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n score status f¿n§lis; keep score fan fau·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) rati«nem p»nct«rum not§re; the Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities 45

score is tied summae p»nct«rum bull’s eye medius scop·us |¿ m sunt par¡s target scop·us |¿ m scoreboard tabul·a |ae f p»nct«rum badminton l»d·us |¿ m pilae pinn§tae; sport d¿sport·us |»s m, §thl¡tic·a |ae f; play badminton pil§ pinn§t§ l»dere go in for sports d¿sportibus (or net r¡t·e |is n §thl¡ticae) stud·e« |¡re |u¿; play sports in d¿sportibus (or §thl¡tic§) net ball pil·a |ae f r¡te perstring¡ns vers·or |§r¿ |§tus sum, d¿sportibus racket r¡ticul·um |¿ n (manubri§tum) (or §thl¡tic§) l»dere baseball (the ball itself) basipil·a |ae f; sport shirt camisi·a |ae f campestris (the sport) l»d·us |¿ m basipilae; play sportswear vest·is |is f campestris baseball basipil§ l»dere squad turm·a |ae f base (first, second, third, home) stadium stadi·um |¿ n bas·is |is (acc: |im) (pr¿ma, secunda, tertia, summa or domestica) stands (for seating) for·¿ |«rum mpl baseball game basipilae l»s·us |»s sub, substitute succ¡d§ne·us |¿ m (·a m, basipilae cert§men |inis n |ae f), suppositici·us |¿ m (-a |ae f) baseman (first, second, third) team turm·a |ae f (pr¿mus, secundus, tertius) basi§ri·us throw s.o. out of the game aliquem § |¿ m (·a |ae f) camp« (l»s«ri«) releg§re bat cl§v·a |ae f (l»s«ria) umpire arbit·er |r¿ m (·tra |trae f) batter cl§v§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis warm-up exercit§ti·« |«nis f f), puls§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f whistle sibil·us |¿ m; blow the whistle catch excip·i« |ere exc¡p¿ exceptus sibilum ¡mitt·« |ere ¡m¿s¿ ¡missus; final whistle sibilus f¿n§lis; starting catcher except·or |«ris m, exceptr·¿x whistle sibilus initi§lis |¿cis f win victori·a |ae f fly pil·a |ae f vol§ns win a game l»d« vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ glove digit§bul·um |¿ n winning team turm·a |ae f victr¿x hit s puls·us |»s m win on points praevalenti·a |ae f hit tr puls§re; hit the ball out of the p»nct«rum park pilam extr§ campum l»s«rium puls§re win on points praeval·e« |¡re |u¿ per p»ncta home plate bas·is |is f summa, basis domestica home run circuit·us |»s m basium; SPECIFIC SPORTS hit a home run circuitum basium archery sagitt§ti·« |«nis f facere arrow sagitt·a |ae f inning miss·us |»s m bow arc·us |»s m outfielder externus (-a) cust·«s hit fer·i« |¿re |«dis mf 46 Conversational Latin

pitcher coniect·or |«ris m, boxing glove caest·us |»s m coniectr·¿x |¿cis f boxing match cert§m·en |inis n pitcher’s mound coniect«ris pugil§t«rium (coniectr¿cis) gr»m·us |¿ m knock down stern·« |ere str§v¿ shortstop intermedius (-a) basi§ri·us str§tus |¿ m (·a |ae f) knock out s.o. cerebrum alicui basketball (ball) corbifoll·is |is m; d¿minu·« |ere |¿ (game) corbifollis l»d·us |¿ m; play basketball corbifolle l»dere punch s pugn·us |¿ m; land a punch on s.o. pugnum alicui d»cere basket corb·is |is m; make a basket corbifollem per corbem inici« inicere punch tr pugn« (or pugn¿s) caed·« ini¡c¿ iniectus |ere cec¿d¿ center centr§l·is |is mf punching bag coryc·us |¿ m, foll·is court aul·a |ae f l»s«ria |is m pugil§t«rius dribble tr & intr repercutit§re ring suggest·us |»s m pugil§t«rius dribbling repercuti·« |«nis f round congress·us |»s m; lose a round congress» vinc·«r |¿ victus forward oppugn§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x sum; win a round congress» vinc·« |tr¿cis f) |ere v¿c¿ foul off¡ns·a |ae f; commit a foul off¡nsam committ·« |ere comm¿s¿ bowling c«n«rum l»d·us |¿ m, commissus, poen§liter ag« agere ¡g¿ c«nil»di·um |¿ n foul line l¿ne·a |ae f poen§lis bowl intr globum volut§re, c«n¿s l»dere foul shot iact·us |»s m § l¿ne§ poen§l¿ bowling alley (single lane) c«n«rum guard cust·«s |«dis mf §reol·a |ae f; (building of bowling alleys) aed·¡s |is f ad c«nil»dium pass (the act) corbifollis tr§nsiecti·« |«nis f; (the passed ball) corbifollis bowling ball glob·us |¿ m l»s«rius, m tr§nsiectus glob·us |¿ m c«n«rum pass the ball corbifollem tr§ns·ici« bowling lane c«n«rum §reol·a |ae f |icere |i¡c¿ |iectus bowling pin c«n·us |¿ m l»s«rius slam dunk tuxtax (per corbem) make a strike omn¡s c«n«s iniect·us |»s m (l»s«ri«s) simul d¡cut·i« |ere d¡cuss¿ boxing pugil§t·us |»s m, pugil§ti·« d¡cussus |«nis f discus throwing disc¿ iact·us |»s m box intr pugi(l)l§re fishing pisc§t·us |»s m boxer pugil |is mf bait ¡sc·a |ae f boxing champion pugilum r¡x, r¡gis m; heavy-weight champion pugilum catch, haul pisc§t·us |»s m r¡x maxim¿ ponderis catch fish pisc¡s capt§re Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities 47

fish intr (ham«) pisc·or |§r¿ |§tus kick pede puls§re, pede ¿c·« ¿cere ¿c¿ sum; go fishing pisc§tum e« ¿re ¿v¿ ictus or |i¿ kickoff pede puls·us |»s m initi§lis fish s pisc·is |is m linesman i»d·ex |icis m l¿ne§rius fisherman pisc§t·or |«ris m pass pedifollis tr§iect·us |»s m fish hook h§m·us |¿ m; put the bait pass the ball to pedifollem tr§·ici« on the hook ¡scam h§m« im·p«n« |icere |i¡c¿ |iectus ad (+ acc) |p«nere |posu¿ |positus play in the first (second) half in fishing line l¿ne·a |ae f (pisc§t«ria) parte pri«re (alter§) cert§minis l»dere fishing net r¡t·e |is n (pisc§t«rium) quarterback cardin§l·is |is m fishing rod calam·us |¿ m punt pedifollem pede puls§re pisc§t«rius, harund·« |inis f sideline l¿ne·a |ae f later§lis fishing tackle ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n tackle s assult§t·or |«ris m pisc§t«rium tackle tr stern·« |ere str§v¿ str§tus net r¡t·e |is n touchdown: make or score a football (game) pedifolli·um |¿ n, touchdown calcem (or cr¡tam) pedil»di·um |¿ n (m«re Americ§n«) atting« |ere attig¿ att§ctus (ball) pedifoll·is |is m; play football golf pilamalle·us |¿ m; play golf pedifolle l»dere pilamalle« l»dere center centr§l·is |is m bunker obstr§cul·um |¿ n end (left, right) (sinister, dexter) caddy cl§vig·er |er¿ m §l§ri·us |¿ m or ext·er |er¿ m fairway pr§t·um |¿ n perlongum extra point p»nct·um |¿ n golf club cl§v·a |ae f; (driver) cl§va addit¿cium; kick an extra point pr« agit§t«ria; (iron) cl§va ferrea p»nct« addit¿ci« pede puls§re golf course pilamalle¿ camp·us |¿ m football player pedil»s·or |«ris m golfer pilamalle¿ l»s·or |«ris m football shoes calce§ment·a |«rum (l»str·¿x |¿cis f) npl pedifoli¿ green §re·a |ae f viridis fullback poster·us |¿ m hit ¿c« ¿cere ¿c¿ ictus goal line calx, calcis f, cr¡t·a |ae f hole foveol·a |ae f goal post p§l·us |¿ m portae miniature golf course loc·us |¿ m guard s cust«s, cust«dis m pilamalle¿ min»t¿ halfback s¡miposter·us |¿ m sand trap har¡n§ri·a |ae f intercept inter·cipi« |cipere |c¡p¿ score summ·a |ae f ictuum |ceptus stroke ict·us |»s m interception intercepti·« |«nis f tee gr»mul·us |¿ m interceptor intercept·or |«ris m tee off pr¿mum ¿c·« |ere ¿c¿ 48 Conversational Latin gymnastics gymnastic·a |ae f hunting dog can·is |is m v¡n§ticus balance beam t¿gn·um |¿ n hunting gear ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n aequil¿bri¿ v¡n§t«rium gym, gymnasium gymnasi·um |¿ n hunting gun sclop¡tum |¿ n gym shoes calce·¿ |«rum mpl v¡n§t«rium gymnic¿ game (prey) v¡n§ti·« |«nis f horizontal bar ferr·um |¿ n shotgun foc¿l·e |is n bifistul§tum tr§nsversum ice-skating (per glaciem) patin§ti·« horse ecule·us |¿ m |«nis f high jump salt·us |»s m in altum figure skating patin§ti·« |«nis f hockey l»d·us |¿ m hocc¡ius, als»legi·a artifici«sa |ae f; play hockey hocc¡i« l»dere ice-skate s patin·us |¿ m blue line l¿ne·a |e f caerulea ice-skate intr (per glaciem) patin§re center centr§l·is |is mf speed skating patin§ti·« |«nis f defenseman d¡f¡ns·or |«ris m v¡l«x field hockey l»dus hocc¡ius m judo luct§ti·« |«nis f I»d«ica (or goal port·a |ae f; score a goal Iap«nica) disculum in portam immitt·« |ere karate luct§ti·« |«nis f car§tica imm¿s¿ lacrosse l»d·us |¿ m lacross¡nsis goalie port§ri·us |¿ m crosse or lacrosse stick croci·a |ae hockey stick ped·um |¿ n, ferul·a |ae f; cradle the crosse crociam agit§re f repanda long jump salt·us |»s m in longum left defenseman d¡f¡ns·or |«ris m sinister mountain climbing asc¡nsi·« |«nis f montium left wing §l§ri·us |¿ m sinister climb ascend·« |ere |¿ asc¡nsus puck discul·us |¿ m; pass the puck to disculum tr§·ici« |icere |i¡ci mountain climber asc¡ns·or |«ris m |iectus ad (+ acc) (asc¡nstr·¿x |¿cis f) montium red line l¿ne·a |ae f rubra repel f»ne d¡scend·« |ere |¿ right defenseman d¡f¡ns·or |«ris m rope f»n·is |is m sc¡ns«rius dexter pentathlon pent§thl·um |¿ n; win the right wing §l§ri·us |¿ m dexter pentathlon pent§thl« vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ rink stadi·um |¿ n glaci§le Ping-Pong m¡ns§lis pilae l»d·us |¿ m; play Ping-Pong m¡ns§l¿ pil§ l»dere wing §l·a |ae f net r¡t·e |is n hunting v¡n§ti·« |«nis f; (the practice of hunting) v¡n§t»r·a |ae f net ball pil·a |ae f r¡te perstring¡ns hunt s v¡n§t·us |»s m paddle p§lul·a |ae f hunt tr & intr v¡n·or |§r¿ |§tus sum pole vaulting salt·us |»s m pertic§rius Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities 49

pole-vault intr pertic§ sal·i« |¿re |u¿ ski s nart·a |ae f; put on skis nart§s bar rep§gul·um |¿ n; to clear the pedibus apt§re, nart§s adstrin·g« |gere |x¿; take off the skis nart§s bar rep§gulum tr§sil·i« |¿re |u¿ d¡stringere; wax the skis nart§s pole pertic·a |ae f inc¡r§re polo als»legi·a |ae f equestris ski intr nart§re rollerskating patin§ti·« |«nis f rot§lis ski boot calig·a |ae f nart§t«ria rollerblade pedirot¿s l§bor l§b¿ skier nart§t·or |«ris m, nart§tr·¿x l§psus sum |¿cis f rollerblades pedirot·ae |§rum fpl ski instructor nartand¿ magis·ter |tr¿ m (·tra |trae f) rollerskate rotell¿s patin§re ski jump suggest·us |»s m rollerskates patin·¿ |«rum mpl d¡sult«rius rot§l¡s ski jump(ing) d¡sult»r·a |ae f skating s patin§ti·« |«nis f nart§t«ria skate patin§re ski lift anabathr·um |¿ n nart§t«rium skate board tabul·a |ae f subrot§ta ski lodge cas·a |ae f nart§t«rum skater patin§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x ski pole bacul·um |¿ n nart§t«rium |tr¿cis f) ski run curricul·um |¿ n niv§le rowing r¡mig§ti·« |«nis f ski slope cl¿v·us |¿ m nart§t«rius crew r¡migi·um-¿ n slalom (slope) d¡cursi·« |«nis f oar r¡m·us |¿ m flexu«sa; (contest) cert§m·en |inis n d¡cursi«nis flexu«sae regatta cert§m·en |inis f r¡migi¿ snow nix, nivis f; powdery snow nix row r¡mig§re pulverea rowboat cumb·a |ae f or scaph·a |ae soccer pedifolli·um |¿ n, pedil»di·um |¿ f r¡migera n; play soccer pedifolle l»dere rower r¡m·ex |igis m card: show the red (yellow) card rugby harpast·um |¿ n; play rugby chartulam rubram (fl§vam) harpast« l»dere m«nstr§re corner kick pede puls·us |»s m sailing v¡lific§ti·« |«nis f angul§ris mast m§l·us |¿ m fullback (left, right) (sinister, sail v¡l·um |¿ n dexter) d¡f¡ns·or |«ris m, (sinistra, sail v¡lific§re dextra) d¡f¡nstr·¿x |¿cis f get possession of the ball pedifolle sailboat scaph·a |ae f v¡lifica pot·ior |¿r¿ |¿tus sum tack intr scapham flect·« |ere flex¿ goal port·a |ae f; score a goal follem topsail suppar·um |¿ n per portam pede puls§re skiing s nart§ti·« |«nis f goal! Hei, follis per portam! 50 Conversational Latin

goalie port§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) surf intr tabul§ fl»ctivag§ per summ§s goal area §re·a |ae f port§ria und§s pr«l§b·or |¿ pr«l§psus sum goal line l¿ne·a |ae f port§ria surfboard tabul·a |ae f fl»ct¿vaga half-time score stat·us |us m d¿midi¿ swimming s nat§ti·« |«nis f temporis back stroke nat§ti« f resup¿na header capite puls·us |»s m dive s praeceps salt·us |»s m head the ball pedifollem capite dive praeceps sal·i« |¿re |i¿ (or |u¿) puls§re diving board tabul·a |ae f d¡sult«ria heel kick calce puls·us |»s m free-style nat§ti« f l¿bera kick pede puls§re breast stroke nat§ti« f pector§lis (or linesman i»d·ex |icis m l¿ne§rius pr«na) midfield (center, left, right) swim nat§re (centr§lis, sinister, dexter) l»s·or swimming instructor natand¿ |«ris m medius, (centr§lis, sinistra, magist·er |r¿ m (·ra |rae f) dextra) l»st·r¿x |r¿cis f swimming meet cert§m·en |inis n pass the ball to pedifollem tr§nspuls§re ad nat§t«rium pass tr§nspuls·us |»s m swimming pool pisc¿n·a |ae f, nat§bul·um |¿ n penalty area §re·a |ae f poen§lis tennis tenil»di·um |¿ n, tenisi·a |ae f; penalty kick pede puls·us |»s m play tennis tenisi§ l»dere poen§lis; (from 11 meters) pede puls·us |»s m »ndecim metr«rum; backhand drive puls·us |»s m (from 7 meters) pede puls·us |»s m inversus septem metr«rum doubles tenil»di·um |¿ n bis b¿n«rum period: play in the first (second, drive s pila f v¿ pr«pulsa third) period in parte pri«re (alter§, drive tr drive the ball pilam v¿ terti§) cert§minis l»dere pr«pell·« |ere pr«puls¿ pr«pulsus soccer player pedil»s·or |«ris m fault viti·um |¿ n (·tr·¿x |tr¿cis) f hit puls§re; to hit out of bounds soccer shoes calce§ment·a |«rum npl ultr§ l¿neam puls§re pedifolli¿ net r¡t·e |is n soccer stadium stadi·um |¿ n pedif«li¿ net ball pil·a |ae f r¡te praestring¡ns striker oppugn§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x racket r¡ticul·um |¿ n (manubri§tum) |tr¿cis f) serve s d¡iect·us |»s m sweeper l»s·or |«ris m l¿ber, l»str·¿x serve intr d¡ic·i« |ere d¡i¡c¿ |¿cis f l¿bera set §ct·us |»s m wing (left, right) (sinister, dexter) §l§ri·us |¿ m, (sinistra, dextra) §l§ri·a singles tenil»di·um |¿ n singul§re |ae f tennis ball pil·a |ae f tenisiae Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities 51

tennis court camp·us |¿ m tenisiae OTHER LEISURE ACTIVITIES tennis match cert§m·en |inis n admission ticket tesser·a |ae f aditi§lis tenisiae amplifier amplific§tr·um |¿ n tennis player tenil»s·or |«ris m amusement park hort·¿ |«rum mpl (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f), lenil»di·us |¿ m (·a p»blic¿ oblect§ri¿ |ae f) band symph«ni·a |ae f track (the sport) curs»r·a |ae f; (course laid out for running) curricul·um |¿ n camera ph«tom§chin·a |ae f, m§chinul·a |ae f ph«tographica; finish line calx, calcis f, cr¡t·a |ae f; digital camera ph«tom§chin·a reach the finish line calcem (or digit§lis cr¡tam) atting·« |ere attig¿ att§ctus card chartul·a |ae f l»s«ria; (ace b¿ni·« hundred meter dash curs·us |»s m |«nis m; card game chartul§rum centum metr«rum (l»s«ri§rum) l»d·us |¿ m; club crux, lap curricul·um |¿ n, spati·um |¿ n crucis (gen pl: crucum) f; diamond r»t·a |ae f; heart cor, cordis n; jack long-distance running curs·us |»s m pedisequ·us |¿ m; joker chartul·a |ae spati¿ long¿ f fort»n§ns; king r¡x, r¡gis m; queen runner curs·or |«ris m, curstr·¿x r¡g¿n·a |ae f; spade p§l·a |ae f) |¿cis f play cards chartul¿s (l»s«ri¿s) l»dere start initi·um |¿ n curs»s pass c¡ter¿s c¡d·« |ere cess¿ volleyball foll·is |is m vol§tilis; (game) shuffle (cut, deal) the cards l»d·us |¿ m follis vol§tilis chartul§s misc·e« |¡re |u¿ mixtus net r¡t·e |is n (s¡p«n·« |ere s¡posu¿ s¡positus, play volleyball folle vol§til¿ l»dere distribu·« |ere |u¿) spike the ball follem magn§ v¿ suit col·or |«ris m pr«pell·« |ere pr«puls¿ pr«pulsus trick vic¡s fpl (singulae, b¿nae, tr¿nae, quaternae) water-skiing per summ§s und§s nart§ti·« |«nis f trump s col·or |«ris m prael§tus water-ski intr per summ§s und§s trump intr (chartul§s) fer·i« |¿re nart§re cartoon (on television) spect§cul·um |¿ water-ski s nart·a |ae f aqu§tica n anim§tum weight-lifting subl§ti·« |«nis f checker latruncul·us |¿ m; checkers l¿br§ment«rum (game) latruncul«rum l»d·us |¿ m; play checkers latruncul¿s l»dere wrestling luct§ti·« |«nis f crown cor«n§re wrestle luct·or |§r¿ luct§tus sum king r¡x, r¡gis m wrestler luct§t·or |«ris m chess l»d·us |¿ m sc§c«rum, sc§cil»dium wrestling match cert§men |inis n |¿ n; castle s turr·is |is f; tr luct§ti«nis adrocc§re; checkmate r¡gem ten·e« |¡re |u¿; checkmate! cav¡ r¡g¿!; 52 Conversational Latin

chessboard sc§c§ri·um |¿ n; chess monopoly monop«li·um |¿ n; play piece sc§c·us |¿ m; king r¡x, r¡gis monopoly monop«li« l»dere m; knight equ·es |itis m; pawn motor boat n§vicul·a |ae f automat§ria ped·es |itis m; queen r¡g¿n·a |ae f; rook roch·us |¿ m; square (on movie adj c¿n¡matographic·us |a |um, chessboard) cas·a |ae f; play chess c¿n¡matic·us |a |um sc§c¿s l»dere movie pellicul·a |ae f c¿n¡matographica; chore p¡ns·um |¿ n; do chores p¡nsa go to see (watch) a movie fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus pelliculam c¿n¡matographicam v¿s·« CD compactus disc·us |¿ m |ere |¿ (spect§re); horror movie CD player discoph«ni·um |¿ n pellicula horrifera; show a movie pelliculam c¿n¡matographicam comedy c«moedi·a |ae f exhib·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus concert concent·us |»s m movie camera m§chinul·a |ae f dance intr salt§re c¿n¡matographica dance s salt§ti·« |«nis f movie film pellicul·a |ae f (or taeniol·a dancer salt§t·or |«ris m, salt§tr·¿x |¿cis f |ae f) c¿n¡matographica discotheque discoth¡c·a |ae f movies im§gin·¡s |um fpl moventes documentary document§ri·um |¿ n movie screen linte·um |¿ n l§t¡ evening vesper·a |ae f; in the evening extentum vesper¿; on Saturday evening di¡ movie theater c¿n¡mat¡·um |¿ n; go the S§turn¿ vesper¿ movie theater (or to the movies) in film pellicul·a |ae f, taeniol·a |ae f; c¿n¡mat¡um e« ¿re ¿v¿ documentary film pellicul·a |ae f music m»sic·a |ae f document§ria; educational film pellicula didascalica; movie film musical adj m»sic·us |a |um pellicula c¿n¡matographica; musical s melodr§mati·um |¿ n photographic film taeniola ph«tographica; show a film musician m»sic·us |¿ m, m»sic·a |ae f pelliculam (c¿n¡matographicam) nightclub discoth¡c·a |ae f exhib·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus opera melodr§m·a |atis n; go to see an free time tempus n l¿berum opera melodr§ma v¿s·« |ere |¿ gamble ale§ l»d·« |ere l»s¿ operetta melodram§ti·um |¿ n game (prey) praed·a |ae f, v¡n§ti·« |«nis organ organ·um |¿ n f; (play) l»d·us |¿ m overture ex«rdi·um |¿ n (melodr§matis) game show spect§cul·um |¿ n l»s«rium paint s pigment·um |¿ n, col·or |«ris m gun sclop¡t·um |¿ n paint tr & intr ping·« |ere p¿nx¿ p¿ctus hide and seek: play hide and seek per l»sum latit§re et quaerit§re paint brush p¡nicill·us |¿ m holidays f¡ri·ae |§rum fpl painting (the art; picture) pict»r·a |ae f library biblioth¡c·a |ae f pheasant ph§si§n·a |ae f Chapter V: Sports and Other Leisure Activities 53 photograph im§g·« |inis f record orb·is |is m ph«nographicus; ph«tographica play (listen to) records orb¡s ph«nographic«s impell·« |ere impul¿ photograph tr ph«tographic¡ redd·« impulsus (audi·« |¿re |¿v¿) |ere reddid¿ redditus record player m§chinul·a |ae f photographer ph«tograph·us |¿ m (·a ph«nographica |ae f) remote control moder§tr·um |¿ n photographic film taeniol·a |ae f rem«tum ph«tographica sneakers calce·¿ |«rum mpl gymnic¿ piano cl§vicordi·um |¿ n stage play f§bul·a |ae f the§tr§lis (or picnic c¡nul·a |ae f subdi§lis; go on a scaenica) picnic excursi«nem ad c¡nulam stereo system syst¡ma |atis n subdi§lem s»mendam faci·« |ere f¡c¿ stereoph«nicum picnic basket p§n§ri·um |¿ n summer s aest·§s |§tis f Ping-Pong m¡ns§lis pilae l»s·us |»s m; summer vacation f¡riae aest¿vae; spend play Ping-Pong m¡ns§l¿ pil§ l»d·« the summer vacation f¡ri§s aest¿v§s |ere l»s¿ ag« agere ¡g¿ §ctus play (in a theater) f§bul·a |ae f swing intr oscill§re play l»d·« |ere l»s¿ l»sum; (an swing s oscill·um |¿ n instrument) can·« |ere cecin¿ cantus talk show spect§cul·um |¿ n (+ abl of the instrument); (records, disput§t¿vum tape recorder, tapes) impell·« |ere impul¿ impulsus; play a game l»dum tape s (audiotape) ph«notaeniol·a |ae f; (audiocasette) ph«nocas¡t·a |ae f l»dere; play ball pil§ l»dere; play chess sc§c¿s l»dere; play the drum tape tr in ph«notaeniol§ imprim·« |ere tympanum puls§re; impress¿ impressus playground §re·a |ae f l»s«ria tape recorder magn¡toph«n·um |¿ n polka salt§ti·« |«nis f Bohemica; dance television t¡lev¿si·« |«nis f; television the polka Bohemic¡ salt§re set t¡lev¿s«ri·um |¿ n; run on (turn off) the television t¡lev¿s«rium radio radioph«n·um |¿ n; by (or on the) excit§re (imped·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus) radio radioph«nic¡; listen to the (exped¿re); turn down (turn up) the radio radioph«num aud¿re; turn television vim t¡lev¿s«ri¿ remitt·« down the radio vim radioph«n¿ |ere rem¿s¿ remissus (aug·e« |¡re remitt·« |ere rem¿s¿ remissus; turn aux¿ auctus); watch television on (off) the radio radioph«num t¡lev¿si«nem spect§re, t¡lespect§re excit§re or imped·i« |¿re |¿vi |¿tus television audience t¡lev¿s«r·¡s |um (exped¿re) mpl radio broadcast ¡missi·« |«nis f television broadcast ¡missi·« |«nis f radioph«nica t¡lev¿sifica radio station stati·« |«nis f television channel can§l·is |is m radioph«nica t¡lev¿sificus 54 Conversational Latin television commercial praec«ni·um |¿ n per§ct¿s; spend the vacation f¡ri§s t¡lev¿sificum ag« agere ¡g¿ §ctus; summer television news t¡lediurn·a |«rum npl vacation f¡riae aest¿vae, vac§ti« aest¿va television program programm·a |atis n t¡lev¿sificum, ¡missi·« |«nis f video cassette cas¡t·a |ae f t¡lev¿sifica magn¡toscopia; listen to (play) a video cassette aud·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ television screen quadr·um |¿ n |¿tus (¡volv·o |ere |¿) cas¡tam t¡lev¿sificum magn¡toscopiam television series seri·¡s |¡¿ f t¡levisifica video cassette recorder (VCR) television set t¡lev¿s«ri·um |¿ n magn¡toscopi·um |¿ n television show spect§cul·um |¿ n video game l»s·us |»s m t¡lev¿sificum magn¡toscopicus; play video games telvision station stati·« |«nis f l»d«s magn¡toscopic«s l»dere t¡lev¿sifica walk: go for a walk d¡ambul§re television viewer t¡lev¿s·or |«ris (·tr¿x week hebdom·as |adis f, septim§n·a |ae |tr¿cis f) f tragedy tragoedi·a |ae f weekday di·¡s |¡¿ m pr«f¡stus TV room concl§ve |is n t¡lev¿s«ri« weekend f¿n·is |is m hebdomadis; on ¿nstructum the weekend hebdomade exeunte, vacation vac§ti·« |«nis f, f¡ri·ae |§rum f¿ne hebdomadis fpl; at the end of vacation f¡ri¿s Chapter VI: The Human Body

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I The teacher notices that Linda looks sick. She asks Linda what is wrong with her. Magistra Linda, esne t» aegr«ta? Teacher: Linda, are you sick? Linda Ita, magistra. Linda: Yes, teacher.

Magistra Pallida es. Quid est tibi? You are pale. What’s the matter with you? Linda Stomachus meus dolet. My stomach hurts.

Magistra Doletne quicquam aliud? Does anything else hurt? Linda Caput meum dolet. My head hurts.

Magistra Hab¡sne febrem? Do you have a fever? Linda Fortasse. Fr«ns et genae sunt Maybe. My forehead and my calidae. cheeks are hot.

Magistra V¿se medicum quam pr¿mum. Go see a doctor as soon as possible. Linda Gr§ti§s tibi, magistra. Thank you, teacher.

LEVEL II A doctor is called in for the sick little girl, Scintilla. Scintilla Salv¡, medice. M¡ male habe« Scintilla: Hello, doctor. I’m not hodi¡. feeling good today. Medicus Salv¡, Scintilla. Quid est? Doctor: Hello, Scintilla. What’s the trouble?

Scintilla M¡ male habe«. Aegr«ta enim I don’t feel good. You see, I’m sum. sick. Medicus Quid dolet? Hab¡sne dol«rem What hurts? Do you have a stomach¿? stomach ache?

55 56 Conversational Latin

Scintilla Vae mihi, caput dolet; stomachus Oh my, my head hurts; my dolet; fauc¡s dolent. stomach hurts; my throat hurts. Medicus Fr«ns vid¡tur calida. Febrem Your forehead seems hot. You are magnam hab¡s. Hab¡sne cib¿ running a high fever. Do you appetentiam bonam? have a good appetite?

Scintilla Minim¡. Ego n»llam omn¿n« No. I have no appetite at all. appetentiam habe«. Medicus Potesne noct» dorm¿re? Are you able to sleep at night?

Scintilla Noctem pervigil§bam. I was awake all night long. Medicus Grav¡dine lab«r§s. Ecce, You’re suffering from a cold. medic¿nam tibi habe«. Et Look, I have medicine for you. necesse est tibi man¡re in lect« And it is necessary for you to du«s tr¡sve di¡s. stay in bed for two or three days.

Scintilla Num in scholam ¿re possum? I can’t go to school, can I? Medicus Minim¡ v¡r«! Definitely not.

Scintilla ø, gr§ti§s, medice; mult§s gr§ti§s! Oh, thanks, doctor; thanks a lot. I Iam m¡ melius habe«. already feel better.

LEVEL III A doctor arrives at the scene of a fire to treat one of the victims, a young man. Medicus Quid n«men est tibi? Et quid tibi Doctor: What is your name? And contigit? what happened to you? Adul¡sc¡ns N«men mihi est Dominicus. Fuit Young man: My name is incendium in c¡n§cul« me«. Dominic. There was a fire in my apartment.

Medicus Incendiumne? Qu«modo A fire? How did you escape? eff»gist¿? Adul¡sc¡ns Flammae capill«s et faciem et The flames burned my hair and bracchia crem§bant. Deinde d¡ my face and my arms. Then I fenestr§ in terram d¡silu¿. jumped from the window to the ground. Chapter VI: The Human Body 57

Medicus Licet videam num »lla ossa Let me see whether you have fr¡geris. Gen» dextrum et t§lus broken any bones. Your right dexter sunt tumidissima; knee and ankle are very fortasse cr»s fr¡gist¿. swollen; maybe you broke your leg. Adul¡sc¡ns C¡nse« m¡ etiam aliqu§s cost§s I think that I also broke some ribs. fr¡gisse. Latus dextrum vald¡ My right side hurts a lot. dolet.

Medicus Potesne pedem dextrum mov¡re? Can you move your right foot? Adul¡sc¡ns Possum. Sed dextr« pede st§re I can. But I can’t stand on my n«n possum. Ego quidem n«n right foot. In fact, I can’t get up omn¿n« c«nsurgere possum. at all.

Medicus N«l¿ tempt§re c«nsurgere! Don’t try to get up. It is possible Cr¡dibile est t¡ aliqua ossa that you broke some bones. fr¡gisse. Adul¡sc¡ns Quid faciam? What should I do?

Medicus Pr¿mum d§b« tibi pilulam quae First, I will give you a pill which dol«rem lev§bit. Deinde puer¿ will relieve your pain. Then my me¿ t¡ in lect¿c§ domum meam boys will carry you in a litter to gerent. Possum c»r§re t¡ melius my home. I can take care of you ibi. better there. Adul¡sc¡ns Tibi habe« magnam gr§tiam ob I am very grateful to you for your beneficium tuum. kindness.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______ankle t§l·us |¿ m bladder v¡s¿c·a |ae f appendix append·ix |icis f blood sangu·is |inis m; (outside the arm bracchi·um |¿ n; (upper) lacert·us body) cru·or |«ris m |¿ m bone os, ossis n armpit §l·a |ae f, axill·a |ae f bosom sin·us |»s m artery art¡ri·a |ae f bowels alv·us |¿ f back terg·um |¿ n brain cerebr·um |¿ n backside post¿c·um |¿ n breast pect·us |oris n; (female) beard barb·a |ae f mamm·a |ae f, mammill·a |ae f belly alv·us |¿ f buttocks nat·¡s |ium fpl belly button umbil¿c·us |¿ m calf s»r·a |ae f bile b¿l·is |is f cartilage cartil§g·« |inis f 58 Conversational Latin cheek gen·a |ae f hair of the head capill·¿ |«rum mpl; chin ment·um |¿ n com·a ae f; caesari·¡s |¡¿ f colon c«l·on |¿ n hamstring popl·es |itis m hand man·us |»s f curl cirr·us |¿ m, cincinnul·us |¿ m head cap·ut |itis n curly cirr§t·us |a |um, cincinnul·us |a |um; to have curly hair cincinnul« back of the head occipiti·um |¿ n capill« esse top of the head vert·ex |icis m diaphragm praecordi·a |«rum npl hearing (sense) aud¿t·us |»s m ear aur·is |is f; (outer) auricul·a |ae f heart cor, cordis n elbow cubit·um |¿ n, uln·a |ae f heel cal·x |cis f esophagus gul·a |ae f hip cox·a |ae f, coxend·ix |icis f eye ocul·us |¿ m intestines intest¿n·a |«rum npl eyeball orb·is |is m ocul¿ jaw maxill·a |ae f eyebrow supercili·um |¿ n joint articul·us |¿ m eyelashes cili·um |¿ n kidneys r¡n·¡s |ium mpl eyelid palpebr·a |ae f knee gen·» |»s n face faci·¡s |¡¿ f kneecap patell·a |ae f finger digit·us |¿ m knuckle articul·us |¿ m digit¿ finger tip digitus m extr¡mus lap gremi·um |¿ n index finger ind·ex |icis m leg cr»s, cr»ris n little finger digitus m minimus ligament lig§m·en |inis n middle finger digitus m medius lip labr·um |¿ n ring finger digitus m §nul§ris lower lip labrum n ¿nferius thumb poll·ex |icis m upper lip labrum n superius fingernail ungu·is |is m liver iec·ur |oris n fist pugn·us |¿ m lung pulm·« |«nis m flesh car·« |nis f marrow medull·a |ae f mouth «s, «ris n foot p¡s, pedis m muscle m»scul·us |¿ m forehead fr«ns, frontis f mustache subi·um |¿ n genitals genit§l·ia |ium npl; (female) muliebr·ia |ium npl; (male) vir¿l·ia mucus m»c·us |¿ m |ium npl nail ungu·is |is m; to cut the nails groin ingu·en |inis n ungu¡s resec·« |§re |u¿ |tus gum ging¿v·a |ae f navel umbil¿c·us |¿ m hair (a single hair or hair collectively) neck coll·um |¿ n, cerv·¿x |¿cis f capill·us |¿ m, cr¿n·is |is m nipple papill·a |ae f Chapter VI: The Human Body 59 nose n§s·us |¿ m taste (sense) gust§t·us |»s m nostrils n§r·¡s |ium fpl tear lacrim·a |ae f organ v¿sc·us |eris n temple temp·us |oris n palate pal§t·um |¿ n tendon tend·« |inis m pancreas pancre·as |atis n testicle testicul·us |¿ m pelvis pelv·is |is f thigh fem·ur |oris n penis p¡n·is |is m thumb poll·ex |icis m phlegm p¿tu¿t·a |ae f throat fauc·¡s |ium fpl pill pilul·a |ae f toe digit·us |¿ m (pedis) pupil p»pill·a |ae f big toe poll·ex |icis m rectum §n·us |¿ m toenail ungu·is |is m pedis rib cost·a |ae f tongue lingu·a |ae f saliva sal¿v·a |ae f tonsils tonsill·ae |§rum fpl shinbone t¿bi·a |ae f tooth d¡ns, dentis m shoulder humer·us |¿ m incisors dent¡s mpl pr¿m«r¡s shoulder blade scapul·a |ae f molars dent¡s mpl maxill§r¡s side lat·us |eris n, ¿li·a |«rum npl touch (sense) tact·us |»s m sight (sense) v¿s·us |»s m vagina v§g¿n·a |ae f skull calv§ri·a |ae f vein v¡n·a |ae f smell (sense) od«r§t·us |»s m vertebra vertebr·a |ae f sole sol·um |¿ n, plant·a |ae f windpipe art¡ri·a |ae f spine sp¿n·a |ae f womb uter·us |¿ m spit sp»t·um |¿ n waist media pars f corporis stomach stomach·us |¿ m, ven·ter |tris wrist pr¿m«ris man·us |»s f m wrist bone carp·us |¿ m sweat s»d·or |«ris m 60 Conversational Latin Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I A trainer interviews a young athlete.

Exercit§tor Claud¿, v¿sne esse §thl¡ta? Trainer: Claude, do you want to be an athlete? Claudius Ita. Ego c«t¿di¡ m¡ exerce«. Claude: Yes. I exercise every day.

Exercit§tor Quid facis? What do you do? Claudius Ego c«t¿di¡ tol»tim cursit«. I jog daily.

Exercit§tor Euge! Quam long¡ tol»tim Terrific! How far do you jog? cursit§s? Claudius Duo m¿lia passuum tol»tim I jog two miles. cursit«.

Exercit§tor Quid aliud facis? What else do you do? Claudius S¿ tempus mihi est, l¿br§menta If I have time, I lift weights. toll«.

Exercit§tor Euge! Quid aliud facis? Terrific! What else do you do? Claudius Ego nat« in pisc¿n§ nostr§. I swim in our swimming pool.

Exercit§tor S¿ t» haec assidu¡ faci¡s, t» If you do this regularly, you’ll quidem eris §thl¡ta summus. surely become a top athlete.

LEVEL II The trainer attends to an injured athlete. Exercit§tor Paule, quid tibi est? Trainer: Paul, what’s wrong with you? Paulus Ego mihi nocu¿ in gymnasi«. Paul: I hurt myself in the gym.

Exercit§tor Quid accidit? Vide« cont»si«n¡s What happened? I see bruises on in cr»ribus. your legs. Paulus Ego et am¿cus curr¡b§mus; ego My friend and I were running; I c§s» cecid¿ et m¡ contud¿. accidentally fell and bruised myself. 60 Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness 61

Exercit§tor Hab¡sne dol«rem ingentem? Do you have a lot of pain? Paulus S§n¡. Ecce gen» sinistrum Yes. Look, my left knee is swelling tum¡scit. up.

Exercit§tor Vide« gen» esse tumidissimum. I see that your knee is very swollen. Paulus Quid faciam? What should I do?

Exercit§tor Pr¿mum omnium, fov¡ illud gen» First of all, soak that knee in cold in aqu§ fr¿gid§ bis in di¡. water twice a day. Paulus Id hodi¡ ter iam f«v¿, sed nihil I’ve already soaked it three times pr«dest. today, but it doesn’t do any good.

Exercit§tor Potesne ambul§re? Are you able to walk? Paulus Aegr¡. Cum ambul§re tempt«, Hardly. When I try to walk, my gen» vehementer dolet. Quid knee hurts terribly. I don’t faciam nesci«. know what to do.

Exercit§tor Cum pr¿mum fier¿ potest, ¿ in As soon as it is possible, go to the val¡t»din§rium. N«n possum id infirmary. I can’t treat it here. c»r§re h¿c. Medicus gen» The doctor will heal your knee. s§n§bit.

LEVEL III A mother checks her daughter’s health. M§ter Amanda, quid est tibi? N«n salva Mother: Amanda, what’s wrong vid¡ris. Ocul¿ rubent et vid¡ris with you? You don’t look well. febricit§re. Your eyes are red and you seem to be running a fever. Amanda Videor lab«r§re grav¡dine. Fauc¡s Amanda: I seem to be suffering meae sunt raucae et ego from a cold. My throat is continu¡ alge« et c«nstanter hoarse, and I am continually tussi«. cold, and constantly coughing.

M§ter M¿rum est, nam val¡t»dine bon§ That’s strange, since you enjoy »teris. good health. Amanda V¡ra d¿cis, m§ter. Val¡t»dinem You’re right, mother. I have semper c»r§v¿. Assidu¡ m¡ always taken care of my health. exerce«. I exercise constantly. 62 Conversational Latin

M§ter Id sci«. T» es corporis habit»s I know that. You are in excellent excellentis. Fortasse t» hanc shape. Maybe you caught this grav¡dinem contr§xist¿ apud cold at school. scholam. Amanda Id fier¿ potest, Mamma. Pl¡raeque That’s possible, Mom. Most of my ex am¿c¿s me¿s grav¡dine friends are suffering from colds. lab«rant.

M§ter Vide«. Fortasse aliquis puer, I see. Perhaps some boy with a grav¡dine lab«r§ns, t¡ b§si§vit. cold kissed you. Amanda R¡s omn¿n« n«n ita est. Ego iam That’s not at all the case. I tussi¡bam antequam m¡ already had a cough before he b§si§vit! kissed me.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______ache s dol·or |«ris m athletic §thl¡tic·us |a |um; athletic ache intr dol·e« |¡re |u¿; my muscle competition §thl¡t§rum cert§m·en |inis n aches m»sculus mihi dolet athletics §thl¡tic·a |ae f aching dol·¡ns |entis attack s (of illness) impet·us |»s m, acne acn·¡ |¡s f accessi·« |«nis f acupuncture ac»p»nct»r·a |ae f attack tr (of a disease) occup§re acute (illness) ac»t·us |a |um bad ali¡nus |a |um; wine is bad for you adrenaline adr¡n§l¿n·um |¿ n; the v¿num est ali¡num tibi adrenaline flows adr¡n§l¿num fluit bad breath foet·or |«ris m agile agil·is |is |e bald calv·us |a |um ail: what ails you? quid est tibi? baldness calviti·um |¿ n ailment mal·um |¿ n bandage s fasci·a |ae f appetite (cib¿) appetenti·a |ae f; lack of bandage tr lig§re appetite inedi·a |ae f; to give s.o. a bathe (a sore limb) fov·e« |¡re f«v¿ good appetite alicui (cib¿) appetentiam excit§re or fac·i« |ere bed lect·us |¿ m; to be confined to bed f¡c¿ factus lect« ten·eor |¡r¿ tentus sum; to get out of bed ¡ lect« sur·g« |gere |r¡x¿ apply (a remedy) adhib·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus bed-ridden val¡t»din§ri·us |a |um arthritis arthr¿t·is |idis f biopsy biopsi·a |ae f aspirin aspir¿n·um |¿ n black and blue l¿vid·us |a |um; black asthma asthm·a |atis n and blue mark l¿v·or |«ris m athlete §thl¡t·a |ae mf; like an athlete blood pressure pressi·« |«nis f §thl¡tic¡ sanguinis Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness 63 bloodshot: he has bloodshot eyes ocul¿ morbum or adversam val¡t»dinem ¡ius sanguine suff»s¿ sunt contrahere boil f»runcul·us |¿ m convalesce conval¡sc·« |ere bowlegged valg·us |a |um cool off tr refr¿ger§re ¶ intr refr¿ger§r¿ breathe sp¿r§re; to breathe in ¿nsp¿r§re; cough intr tuss·i« |¿re to breathe out exsp¿r§re cough s tuss·is |is m; to have a cough bruise s cont»si·« |«nis f tuss·i« |¿re bruise tr contund·« |ere contud¿ cough drop pastill·us |¿ m tussicul§ris cont»sus cramp convulsi·« |«nis f bundle up s¡ bene oper·i« |¿re |u¿ curable s§n§bil·is |is |e cancer can·cer |cr¿ m cure s§n§re capsule capsul·a |ae f dentist medic·us |¿ m dent§rius; cardiac arrest stas·is |e«s f cardiaca medic·a |ae f dent§ria carcinoma carcin«m·a |atis n dermatologist dermatolog·us |¿ m (·a care c»r·a |ae f; take good care of |ae f) your health! c»r§ d¿ligenter diabetes diab¡t·¡s |is m mell¿tus val¡t»dinem tuam! diaphragm praecordi·a |«rum npl catarracts catarract·ae |§rum fpl diet s vict»s rat·i« |«nis f ocul§r¡s diet intr vict»s rati«nem observ§re cause (pain, swelling) move« mov¡re m«v¿ m«tus digest con·coqu« |coquere |cox¿ |coctus chicken pox varicell·ae |§rum fpl digestion concocti·« |«nis f chronic long·us |a |um, di»turnus disease morb·us |¿ m |a |um dizziness vert¿g·« |inis f coach (of gymnastic training) dizzy vert¿gin«s·us |a |um exercit§t·or |«ris m, (·r¿x |r¿cis f) doctor medic·us |¿ m, medic·a |ae f cold s grav¡d·« |inis f; to catch a cold grav¡dinem con·trah« |trahere |tr§x¿ doctor’s office medic¿n·a |ae f |tractus; to have a cold grav¡dine dose porti·« |«nis f; small dose lab«r§re portiuncul·a |ae f cold adj fr¿gid·us |a |um; to feel cold drug (as remedy, medicine) alg·e« |¡re als¿ medic§ment·um |¿ n, medic§m·en complexion col·or |«ris m; having a |inis n; (as hallucinogen) healthy complexion col«r§t·us |a medic§ment·um |¿ n psychotropicum |um enjoy (good health) »tor »t¿ »sus sum condition stat·us |»s m; physical (val¡t»dine pr«sper§) condition corporis habit·us |»s m exercise s exercit§ti·« |«nis f confined to bed lect« ten¡r¿ exercise intr s¡ exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ contract contrah·« |ere contr§x¿ exhale sp¿ritum ¡mitt·« |ere ¡m¿s¿ contractus; to contract an illness ¡missus 64 Conversational Latin fart s p¡dit·um |¿ n heart transplant cordis tr§nsplant§ti·« fart intr p¡d·« |ere pep¡d¿ |«nis f fat ob¡s·us |a |um (opp: gracil·is |is |e) hernia herni·a |ae f fatigue fatig§ti·« |«nis f heroin hero¿n·um |¿ n to use heroin hero¿n« »tor »t¿ »sus sum fever febr·is |is f; constant fever continua febris; high fever magna or high blood pressure hypertoni·a |ae f ard¡ns febris; slight fever febr¿ecul·a hoarse rauc·us |a |um |ae f; to run a fever febr¿cit§re hormone horm«n·um |¿ n fracture fract»r·a |ae f hospital val¡t»din§ri·um |¿ n germ germ·en |inis n hygiene hygi¡ni·¡ |¡s f; practice glaucoma glauc«m·a |atis n hygiene hygi¡ni¡n exerc¡re go down (fever) conqui¡sc·« |ere hygienic hygi¡nic·us |a |um conqui¡v¿; (swelling) s¡ summitt·« illness morb·us |¿ m, (mala) val¡t»d·« |ere summ¿s¿ |inis f; serious illness gravis gym gymnasi·um |¿ n val¡t»d« gym instructor exercit§t·or |«ris m; ills mal·a |«rum npl exercit§tr·¿x |¿cis f indigestion cr»dit·§s |§tis f gymnastic gymnastic·us |a |um infirmary val¡t»din§ri·um |¿ n gymnastics ars, artis f gymnastica inflame ¿nflamm§re hale and hardy salv·us et valid·us |a inflammation ¿nflamm§ti·« |«nis f |um irritate exasper§re hard on inim¿c·us |a |um (+ dat) kidney stones calcul·¿ |«rum mpl have or suffer from (an illness, a r¡n§l¡s disease) affic·ior affic¿ affectus sum jog tol»tim cursit§re (+ abl) or lab«r§re (+ abl, ab + abl, ex + abl); that man has cancer ille lack of appetite inedi·a |ae f cancr« afficitur or cancr« lab«rat laxative medic§m·en |inis n lax§t¿vum heal tr s§n§re ¶ intr s§n¡sc·« |ere lift weights l¿br§ment·a |«rum npl toll·« health (good or bad) val¡t»d·« |inis f; |ere sustul¿ subl§tus bad health adversa (or mala, gravis, ligament lig§m·en |inis n infirma) val¡t»d«; bad health lotion lin¿ment·um |¿ n suddenly hit me mala val¡t»d« m¡ repent¡ inv§sit; good health bona, lump t»bercul·um |¿ n (or firma, commoda, pr«spera) medical practice medic¿n·a |ae f val¡t»d«; in sound health valid·us medication medic§ment·um |¿ n |a |um medicine medic¿n·a |ae f; to practice health food aliment·um |¿ n sal»bre medicine medic¿nam exerc·e« |¡re healthy s§n·us |a |um, salv·us |a |um |u¿ heart attack impet·us |»s m cardiacus mouthwash coll»t«ri·um |¿ n heart failure d¡fecti·« |«nis f cardiaca mumps par«t¿t·is |idis f Chapter VII: Health and Physical Fitness 65 muscle m»scul·us |¿ m; pull a muscle recover recip·i« |ere rec¡p¿ suam m»sculum distorqu·e« |¡re distors¿ val¡t»dinem bonam; to recover distortus from a serious illness ¡ grav¿ morb« musclebound m»scul¿s nimis recre§r¿ c«nstrict·us |a relieve lev§re muscle cramp m»scul¿ convulsi·« remedy for remedi·um |¿ n (+ gen) |«nis f run curr·« |ere cucurr¿ cursum muscle spasm m»scul¿ spasm·us |¿ m running curs»r·a |ae f muscular m»scul«s·us |a |um runny nose distill§ti«n·¡s |um fpl muscular distrophy dystrophi·a |ae f m»scul§ris shape: to be in bad (good) shape mal¿ (bon¿) habit»s esse, in mal« (bon«) nearsighted my·ops |«pis habit» esse nearsightedness my«pi·a |ae f shiver trem·or |«ris m; (severe) nerve nerv·us |¿ m membr«rum quass§ti·« |«nis f nourishment aliment·um |¿ n shiver trem·« |ere |u¿ nurse nosocom·a |ae f; nosocom·us |¿ m shortness of breath anh¡l§ti·« |«nis f nursing home gerontoc«mi·um |¿ n sick ae·ger |gra |grum, aegr«t·us |a obese ob¡s·us |a |um |um; to get sick in morbum incid·« |ere |¿ obesity ob¡sit·§s |§tis f sickly male valid·us |a |um ophthalmologist ophthalmolog·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) sickness morb·us |¿ m pacemaker impuls«ri·um |¿ n situps: to do situps identidem resid·e« cardiacum |¡re res¡d¿ pain dol·or |«ris m; severe pain ing¡ns skin cut·is |is f (pale pallida; dry §rida; or vehem¡ns dolor soft mollis; tough d»ra; wrinkled patient s ae·ger |gr¿ m, ae·gra |grae f r»g«s·us |a |um) physical condition corporis habit·us skinny macilent·us |a |um |»s m slim gracil·is |is |e (opp: ob¡sus) pill pilul·a |ae f smallpox variol·ae |§rum fpl smallpox pimple p»stul·a |ae f vaccination vacc¿n§ti·« |«nis f variol§rum pulse v¡n§rum puls·us |»s m; (fast vegetior; weak languidior); to feel sneeze stern·u« |uere |u¿ s.o.’s pulse v¡n§s or pulsum sneezing stern»ment·um |¿ n v¡n§rum alic»ius tent§re sore dol·¡ns |entis; my back is sore psychiatrist ps£ch¿§·ter |tr¿ m (·tra |trae tergum mihi dolet f) sound inte·ger |gra |grum psychologist ps£chologic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) spasm spasm·us |¿ m radiation treatment c»r§ti·« |«nis f sprain s lux§t»r·a |ae f radi§lis sprain tr lux§re 66 Conversational Latin stroke apopl¡xi·a |ae f cerebr¿ toothbrush p¡nicul·us |¿ m dent§rius strong valid·us |a |um (opp: imb¡cill·us toothpaste past·a |ae f dent§ria |a |um) train tr (for physical proficiency) sun tan adustus col·or |«ris m; to get a exercit§re ¶ intr s¡ exercit§re sun tan color§re trainer (of athletes) exercit§t·or |«ris m, suntanned adustus exercit§tr·¿x |¿cis f surgeon ch¿r»rg·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) treat c»r§re sweat s s»d·or |«ris m; to break a treatment (for) c»r§ti·« |«nis f (+ gen sweat ¿ns»d§re of illness) sweat intr s»d§re trouble: to have stomach trouble swell s¡ attoll·« |ere (opp: s¡ stomach« lab«r§re summittere) tuberculosis phthis·is |is f swell up (of limbs) turg·e« |¡re turs¿ turn for the worse in d¡terius incl¿n§r¿ swollen tumid·us |a |um virus v¿r·us |¿ n; there is a virus going symptom not·a |ae f, sign·um |¿ n around v¿rus percr¡br¡scit tablet pastill·us |¿ m vitamin v¿tam¿n·um |¿ n tendonitis tendov§g¿n¿t·is |idis f well salv·us |a |um throat fauc·¡s |ium fpl wrinkle r»g·a |ae f toothache dol·or |«ris m dentium wrinkled r»g«s·us |a |um Chapter VIII: Food and Drink

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I A waitress waits on a senator.

Ministra Salv¡, sen§tor. Possumne tibi Waitress: Hello, senator. Can I ministr§re? help you? Sen§tor Etiam. Senator: Yes.

Ministra V¿sne s»mere ient§culum an Do you want to eat breakfast or prandium? lunch? Sen§tor Qu¿n bene m§ne est. Itaque Why, it’s early in the morning. ient§culum s»mam, quaes«. And so I’ll have breakfast, please.

Ministra V¿sne «va fr¿cta an «va m¿xta an Do you want fried eggs or «va d»ra an apala? scrambled eggs or hard-boiled eggs or soft-boiled? Sen§tor Vol« hab¡re laganum ex «v¿s. I want to have an omelet.

Ministra V¿sne lardum cum lagan«? Do you want bacon with your omelet? Sen§tor Etiam, at tantummodo pauca Yes, but just a few strips. segmenta.

Ministra V¿sne p§nem tostum an Do you want toast or rolls? p§nicul«s? Sen§tor Affer ad m¡ aliquid p§nis tost¿. Bring me some toast.

Ministra Et quid v¿s p«t§re? Caffeam? And what do you want to drink? Coffee? Sen§tor Ita, pocillum caffeae cum crem«. Yes, a cup of coffee with cream. Et proper§! Fame morior. And hurry! I’m dying of hunger.

Ministra Ient§culum tuum mox h¿c erit. Your breakfast will soon be here.

67 68 Conversational Latin

LEVEL II A waiter serves dinner. Minister Salv¡. Possumne tibi nunc serv¿re, Waiter: Hello. Can I serve you bone vir? now, sir? Philippus S§n¡ potes. Philip: Yes, indeed, you can.

Minister Quid in c¡n§ s»m¡s? What will you have for supper? Philippus B»bulam assam velim, quaes«. I’d like roast beef, please.

Minister Utrum s¡micoctam an percoctam? Rare or well done? Philippus Percoctam, quaes«. Et p«ma Well done, please. And fried terrestria fr¿cta. potatoes.

Minister V¿sne i»s an ac¡t§ria? Do you want soup or a salad? Philippus Quod i»s hab¡s hodi¡? What kind of soup do you have today?

Minister I»s coll£ricum su§ve ex b»bul§. Delicious beef noodle soup. Philippus Accipiam ac¡t§ria. I’ll take the salad.

Minister V¿sne pocillum caffeae an Do you want a cup of coffee or a pocillum theae? cup of tea? Philippus Neutrum v¡r«. Praefer« v¿num. Actually, neither. I prefer wine.

Minister Utrum v¿num album an White wine or red? sanguineum? Philippus Accipiam v¿num sanguineum. I’ll take the red wine. I prefer dry Praefer« v¿num aust¡rum v¿n« wine to sweet wine. dulc¿.

Minister V¿sne bell§ria? Do you want dessert? Philippus Estne in prompt» placenta ex Is chocolate cake available? socol§t§? Minister S§n¡ quidem. V¿sne aliquid amplius? Yes, indeed. Do you want anything else? Philippus Nihil amplius, gr§ti§s. Nothing else, thanks. Minister App«nam cibum quam pr¿mum. I’ll serve your meal as soon as I can. Chapter VIII: Food and Drink 69

LEVEL III Planning a shopping trip. M§ter Phyllis, n«b¿s obs«nandum est Mother: Phyllis, we have to go hodi¡ m§ne. Esne prompta? shopping this morning. Are you ready? Phyllis Bene, Mamma. D¿c mihi quid Phyllis: Fine, Mom. Tell me what vel¿s et ego omnia in h§c tabul§ you want and I’ll jot down d¡not§b«. everything on this tablet.

M§ter Pr¿mum omnium, ad lani¡nam First of all, we will go to the ¿bimus. butcher shop. Phyllis Quibus carnibus eg¡mus? What meats do we need?

M§ter Velim emere off§s porc¿n§s et I’d like to buy pork chops and b»bulam assam, et fortasse roast beef and some hot dogs. aliquot hill§s calent¡s. Phyllis Aliquid amplius? Anything else?

M§ter Nihil amplius apud lani¡nam. Nothing more at the butcher shop. C§r« hodi¡ tam preti«sa est! Meat is so expensive nowadays. Deinde ¿bimus in forum Next we will go to the vegetable holit«rium. market. Phyllis Quae holera v¿s emere ibi? What vegetables do you want to buy there?

M§ter Lact»cam, cucumer¡s, car«t§s, Lettuce, cucumbers, carrots, and brassicam. Adh»c habe« satis cabbage. I still have enough of ali«rum holerum. the other vegetables. Phyllis V¿sne ¿re etiam in forum Do you also want to go to the fish pisc§rium? market?

M§ter Tantummodo s¿ passer rec¡ns est Only if fresh flounder is for sale v¡n§lis hodi¡. today. Phyllis Eg¡musne aliqu« d¡ p¿str¿n§? Do we need anything from the bakery?

M§ter Ita, tr¡s p§n¡s et decem p§nicul«s Yes, three loaves of bread and ten atque aliquot cr»stula. rolls, as well as some cookies. Phyllis C»r tot obs«nia n«b¿s emenda Why do we have to buy so many sunt? groceries? 70 Conversational Latin

M§ter Pater patruum suum et amitam et Because father invited his uncle e«rum l¿ber«s ad c¡nam and aunt and their children to voc§vit. Sp¡r« e«s canem suum dinner. I hope they don’t bring n«n all§t»r«s. their dog along. Phyllis S¿c ego ipsa sp¡r«. I hope so too.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______alcohol alcohol |is n butcher lani·us |¿ m alcoholic alcoholic·us |a |um butcher shop lani¡n·a |ae f almond amygdal·um |¿ n butter s but£r·um |¿ n appetizer gust§ti·« |«nis f butter tr but£rum adhib·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus apple m§l·um |¿ n ad (+ acc) apple pie cr»st·um |¿ n ex m§l¿s cabbage brassic·a |ae f, cramb·¡ |¡s f apricot armeniac·um |¿ n cake placent·a |ae f artichoke cinar·a |ae f candy cupp¡di·ae |§rum fpl asparagus asparag·us |¿ m carrot car«t·a |ae f bacon lard·um |¿ n catsup see ketchup baker p¿st·or |«ris m, p¿st·r¿x |r¿cis f cauliflower brassic·a |ae f Pomp¡i§na bakery p¿str¿n·a |ae f celery hel¡osel¿n·um |¿ n banana ari¡n·a |ae f, ban§n·a |ae f cereal cere§l·ia |ium npl bean fab·a |ae f cheese cake savill·um |¿ n beef b»bul·a |ae f cheese c§se·us |¿ m beer cervisi·a |ae f cherry ceras·um |¿ n berry bacc·a |ae f cherry pie cr»st·um |¿ n ex ceras¿s birthday cake l¿b·um |¿ n n§t§le chestnut castane·a |ae f bland l¡n·is |is |e chicken (as food) gall¿n§ce·a |ae f blueberry vacc¿ni·um |¿ n chocolate socol§t·a |ae f boiled ¡lix·us |a |um clam my·ax |acis m booze t¡m¡t·um |¿ n clear the table mund§re m¡nsam bread p§n·is |is m cocktail propom·a |atis n, cinn·is |is m breaded saligne·us |a |um coffee caffe·a |ae f breakfast ient§cul·um |¿ n coffee cup pocill·um |¿ n caffe§rium broil torr·e« |¡re |u¿ tostus coffee pot oll·a |ae f caffeae broth i»s, i»ris n, i»scul·um |¿ n coffee set synthes·is |is f caffe§ria bun coll£r·is |idis f cook coqu·« |ere cox¿ coctus Chapter VIII: Food and Drink 71 cookie cr»stul·um |¿ n frozen congel§t·us |a |um; frozen corkscrew extr§cul·um |¿ n dinner c¡n·a |ae f congel§ta; frozen food(s) cib·¿ |«rum mpl congel§t¿ corn ma¿zi·um |¿ n; corn on the cob ma¿zium |¿ n in sp¿c§ fry fr¿g·« |ere fr¿x¿ fr¿ctus course fercul·um |¿ n frying pan sart§g·« |inis f cream crem·um |¿ n, fl«s, fl«ris m lactis garlic §li·um |¿ n cucumber cucum·is |eris m grape »v·a |ae f cup of coffee (of tea) pocill·um |¿ n green pepper piper¿t·is |idis f caffeae (theae) grill s cr§ticul·a |ae f dessert bell§ri·a |«rum npl, m¡ns·a |ae f grill tr super cr§ticulam ass§re secunda ham pern·a |ae f; smoked ham perna dine c¡n§re; to dine out for¿s c¡n§re f»m«sa dinner c¡n·a |ae f; to eat dinner hamburger b»bul·a |ae f conc¿sa c¡n§re, c¡nam s»m·« |ere |ps¿ |ptus; have (e.g., dinner) s»m·« |ere |ps¿ |ptus to have a roast for dinner assum in c¡n§ hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus hazelnut avell§n·a |ae f dressing embamm·a |atis n; Caesar honey mel, mellis n (Blue Cheese, French, Italian, hot dog hill·a |ae cal¡ns (gen: hillae Russian, Thousand Island) calentis) f embamma Caesari§num (c§se¿ horseradish amoraci·a |um npl caerule¿, Gallicum, Italicum, Russicum, mille ¿nsul§rum) hunger fam·¡s |is f drink s p«ti·« |«nis f; drinks p«ti«n·¡s ice cream congelidum crem·um |¿ n |um fpl, p«tulent·a |«rum npl jelly quil·on |¿ n drink tr p«t§re juice succ·us |¿ m duck (as food) anat¿n·a |ae f ketchup ketsup·um |¿ n eat ed« ¡sse ¡d¿ ¡sus; (a meal) s»m·« kidney bean phas¡l·us |¿ m |ere |ps¿ |ptus ladle trull·a |ae f egg «v·um |¿ n; fried fr¿ctum; hard- lamb (as food) agn¿n·a |ae f boiled d»rum; soft-boiled apalum; scrambled perm¿xtum lemon citre·um |¿ n fish (as food) pisc§t·us |»s m lemonade l¿mon§t·a |ae f flounder pass·er |eris m lentil l¡n·s |tis f food cib·us |¿ m lettuce lact»c·a |ae f fork furcill·a |ae f, fuscinul·a |ae f loaf of bread p§n·is |is m French fries p«m·a |«rum terrestria lobster locust·a |ae f fr¿cta macaroni past·a |ae f tubul§ta fresh rec·¡ns |entis margarine margar¿n·um |¿ n fruit p«m·a |«rum npl market macell·um |¿ n 72 Conversational Latin mashed potatoes pulticul·a |ae f ex peel s cut·is |is f sol§n¿s peel tr resec§re cutem (+ gen) mayonnaise liqu§m·en |inis n pepper pip·er |eris n Mag«nicum pepper shaker piper¿n·um |¿ n meal cib·us |¿ m pickle salgam·um |¿ n meat car·« |nis f pie cr»st·um |¿ n meat tray carn§ri·um |¿ n piece fr»st·um |¿ n menu ind·ex |icis m (or tabell·a |ae f) cib«rum pineapple p¿ne·a |ae f (Americ§na) milk l§c lactis n pitcher urce·us |¿ m mineral water aqu·a |ae f miner§lis plate patell·a |ae f mixed salad comm¿xta ac¡t§ri·a plum pr»n·um |¿ n |«rum npl pork porc¿n·a |ae f muffin scribl¿t·a |ae f pork chop off·a |ae f porc¿na mulberry m«r·um |¿ n potato p«m·um |¿ n terrestre; baked mushroom fung·us |¿ m potato p«mum terrestre in furn« coctum; fried potatoes p«ma mustard sin§p·i (or sin§p·e) |is n terrestria fr¿cta; mashed potatoes napkin mapp·a |ae f pulticul·a |ae f ex p«m¿s terrestribus noodle soup i»·s |ris n coll£ric·um potato chips l§min·ae |§rum fpl nut nux, nucis f p«m«rum terrestrium olive oil ole·um |¿ n powder sugar sacchar·um |¿ n pulvereum olive ol¿v·a |ae f pretzel pretiol·a |ae f; soft pretzel omelet lagan·um |¿ n ex «v¿s mollis pretiola onion caep·a |ae f prune pr»n·um |¿ n cond¿tum orange m§l·um |¿ n aurantium radish r§d¿cul·a |ae f orangeade m§l¿ auranti¿ p«ti·« |«nis f raisin (»va) pass·a |ae f orange juice auranti¿ succ·us |¿ m rare s¡micoct·us |a |um (opp: oyster ostre·a |ae f percoctus) pancake artolagan·um |¿ n raspberry m«r·um |¿ n ‡daeum parsley api·um |¿ n, petrosel¿n·um |¿ n restaurant caup«n·a |ae f pasta coll£r·a |ae f rice or£z·a |ae f pea p¿s·um |¿ n roast tr ass§re peach persic·um |¿ n roast s ass·um |¿ n peanut arach·is |idis f (hypog¡a) roast beef b»bul·a |ae f assa peanut butter b»t£r·um |¿ n ex roast pork porc¿n·a |ae f assa arachidibus roll p§nicul·us |¿ m pear pir·um |¿ n salad ac¡t§ri·a |«rum npl Chapter VIII: Food and Drink 73 salad dressing see dressing table m¡ns·a |ae f salt s§l, salis n taste sap·i« |ere |¿v¿ or |i¿; to taste like salt shaker sal¿n·um |¿ n sapere (+ acc) sandwich pastill·um |¿ n fartum; ham tea the·a |ae f sandwich pastillum pern§ fartum tip coroll§ri·um |¿ n; stips, stipis f sardine sard·a |ae f toast p§n·is |is m tostus sauce i»s, i»ris n tomato lycopersic·um |¿ n sausage farc¿m·en |inis n, botul·us |¿ m tray fercul·um |¿ n seasoning cond¿ment·um |¿ n veal vitul¿n·a |ae f serve (a person) serv·i« |¿re |i¿; (food) vegetable hol·us |eris n app«n·« |ere apposu¿ appositus venison v¡n§ti·« |«nis f shell put§m·en |inis n vinegar ac¡t·um |¿ n shrimp squill·a |ae f waiter minis·ter |tr¿ m silverware argente·a |«rum npl waitress ministr·a |ae f sip sorbill§re walnut i»gl·§ns |andis f slice segment·um |¿ n water aqu·a |ae f soup i»s, i»ris n, i»scul·um |¿ n; hot watermelon m¡lopep·« |«nis m soup i»s ferv¡ns spicy §cer §cris §cre white bread p§n·is |is m candidus whole-wheat bread autop£r·us ¿ m spoon cochle·§r |§ris n wine v¿n·um |¿ n; dry aust¡rum; sweet steak fr»st·um |¿ n b»bulae dulce; red sanguineum; light tenue; stew i»rulent·um |¿ n white album stewed i»rulent·us |a |um stove foc·us |¿ m [NOTE—The Romans did not have candy, chocolate, coffee, corn, ice straw (for drinking) s¿ph·« |«nis m cream, peanuts, potatoes, popcorn, strawberry fr§g·um |¿ n tea, tomatoes, or turkey. They knew strip segment·um |¿ n of butter and sugar, but used them only for medicinal purposes. Some sugar sacchar·um |¿ n of these items came into use in the sugar bowl v§scul·um |¿ n sacchar¿ Middle Ages, when Latin was still a sugar cube sacchar·um |¿ n cubicum widely spoken language.] 74 Conversational Latin Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Two friends discuss their birthdays.

Patricius M§rcia, qu§r¡ t» hodi¡ tam Patrick: Marcia, why are you so ex«rn§ta es? decked out today? M§rcia Quod hodi¡ est meus di¡s n§t§lis. Marcia: Because today is my birthday.

Patricius Quot ann«s n§ta es? How old are you? M§rcia Duod¡v¿gint¿ ann«s n§ta sum. I am eighteen years old. How old Quot ann«s n§tus es t»? are you?

Patricius Ûnd¡v¿gint¿ ann«s. I’m nineteen. M§rcia Qu« m¡nse n§tus es? In what month were you born?

Patricius Ego m¡nse August« n§tus sum. I was born in August. On what Qu« di¡ n§ta es? day were you born? M§rcia Qu¿nt« di¡ m¡nsis M§i¿ sc¿licet. On the fifth of May, of course.

Patricius At enim qu« di¡ hebdomadis n§ta What I mean is, on what day of es? the week were you born? M§rcia Ut v¡ra d¿cam, certum n«n sci«. To tell you the truth, I don’t know Di¡ Veneris, cr¡d«. for sure. On Friday, I believe.

Patricius Qu«modo n§t§lem celebr§bis? How are you going to celebrate your birthday? M§rcia M§ter agit§bit n§t§liciam hodi¡ My mother is throwing me a vesper¿. Et t» inv¿t§ris. birthday party this evening. And you are invited.

Patricius Gr§ti§s. Afferam tibi bellum Thanks. I’ll bring you a nice n§t§licium. birthday present.

74 Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years 75

LEVEL II Two friends discuss their favorite seasons. Gl«ria Roberte, quod tempus ann¿ tibi Gloria: Robert, which season do maxim¡ placet? you like best? Robertus Aest§tem praecipu¡ am«, quia in Robert: I especially love summer pisc¿n§ nostr§ aut in st§gn« because I can swim in our nat§re possum. Pil§ porr« swimming pool or in the pond. l»dere possum. Besides, I can play ball.

Gl«ria Quod tempus ann¿ tibi minim¡ Which season do you like least? placet? Robertus Hiems, op¿nor. Nivem am«, sed Winter, I suppose. I love the fr¿goris impati¡ns sum. Inter snow, but I can’t take the cold. Decembrem et Febru§rium ego I always catch a terrible cold semper grav¡dinem terribilem between December and contrah«. February.

Gl«ria Sed hieme nart§re et patin§re et But in winter we can ski and skate pil§s nive§s conicere possumus. and throw snowballs. And we Et trahe§ veh¿ possumus. can go sleigh riding. Robertus Prob¡ d¿cis, at, ill« tempore ann¿, You’re right, but at that time of viae n«nnumquam sunt l»bricae the year the roads are often et per¿cul«sae. slippery and dangerous.

Gl«ria Placetne tibi v¡r? Do you like spring? Robertus Placet. Post sev¡ram hiemem, Yes, I do. After a harsh winter, it amoenum est iterum for¿s is pleasant to play outside l»dere. Quid t» d¡ v¡re put§s? again. What do you think of spring?

Gl«ria ø, am« vid¡re fl«r¡s fl«r¡scere. O, I love to see the flowers begin Quid autem d¡ autumn«? to blossom. Now, what about the fall? Robertus Cum d¡ autumn« put«, statim d¡ When I think about autumn, I schol§ put«. Saepe m¿ror num immediately think about school. magistr¿ sint v¡r« tam cupid¿ ad I often wonder whether teachers scholam redeund¿ post f¡ri§s are really all that eager to aest¿v§s. return to school after summer vacation. Gl«ria Nesci«, sed id dubit«. I don’t know, but I doubt it. 76 Conversational Latin

LEVEL III A father gives his son some family history. Marcus Pater, quand« n§tus es? Mark: Father, when were you born? Cicer« Terti« di¡ (m¡nsis) I§nu§ri¿. Cicero: On the third of January.

Marcus Ubi adul¡sc¡b§s? Where did you grow up? Cicer« Adul¡scentiam omnem in I spent my entire youth in the oppidul« Arp¿n« tr§ns¡g¿. small town of Arpinum.

Marcus Ubi l»dum frequent§b§s ut Where did you attend school as a adul¡scentulus? youngster? Cicer« Pr¿m« l»dum Arp¿n¿ First I attended school in frequent§bam. Ante autem Arpinum. But before my decimum qu§rtum annum fourteenth year, my father meum, pater meus R«mam decided to move to Rome. migr§re c«nstituit.

Marcus Rediist¿ umquam Arp¿num? Did you ever return to Arpinum? Cicer« N«n per mult«s ann«s. Decimum Not for many years. At the age of qu¿ntum ag¡ns, ego togam fifteen, I received the toga of vir¿lem s»mps¿. N«n di»tius manhood. I was no longer a eram adul¡scentulus sed youngster, but a young man. adul¡sc¡ns.

Marcus Quand« t» c«nsul cre§tus es? When were you elected consul? Cicer« Quadr§g¡simum qu§rtum annum I was elected consul in my forty- ag¡ns, c«nsul cre§tus sum. Tum fourth year. At that time I was vix eram vir mediae aet§tis. barely a middle-aged man.

Marcus Sententi§ tu§, t¡ nunc sen¡scente, In your opinion, now that you are quae aet§s erat optima omnium? growing old, what age was the best of all? Cicer« Est difficile dict». Quaeque enim It is hard to say. For each age— aet§s—¿nfantia, pueritia, infancy, boyhood, adolescence, adul¡scentia, iuventa, media youth, middle age, even old aet§s, etiam senect»s—habet et age—has its joys and gaudia et incommoda. disappointments.

Marcus Quod est gaudium maximum What is the greatest joy of old senect»tis? age? Cicer« Quamquam iam aet§te pr«vectus Although I am now up in years, I sum, tamen contentus sum, am content, because I have a quod mihi est m¡ns s§na in sound mind in a sound body. corpore s§n«. Sed gaudium But the greatest joy is a loving maximum est familia am§ns et family and loyal friends. am¿c¿ fid¡l¡s. Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years 77

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______adult adj adult·us |a |um old vetul·us |a |um; older m§i·or |or age aet·§s |§tis f; at age fifteen |us n§t»; oldest maxim·us |a |um decimum qu¿ntum annum ag·¡ns n§t»; to be … years old … ann«s n§t·us |a |um esse |entis; he was ten years of age erat decem ann«s n§tus old age senect·»s |»tis f, senect·a |ae f aged longaev·us |a |um old lady an·us |»s f; little old lady anicul·a |ae f be up in years aet§te pr«vect·us |a |um esse old man sen·ex |is m birth n§t¿vit·§s |§tis f old woman an·us |»s f born: to be born n§sc·or |¿ n§tus (-a) oldster sen·ex |is m sum over sixty years old m§ior (quam) ann«s sex§gint§ n§t·us |a |um boyhood pueriti·a |ae f, aet·§s |§tis f puer¿lis; from boyhood on § puer« period of life aet·§s |§tis f v¿tae calendar f§st·¿ |«rum mpl, calend§ri·um season temp·us |oris n ann¿ |¿ n spring v¡r, v¡ris n century saecul·um |¿ n summer aest·§s |§tis f fall autumn·us |¿ m death mor·s |tis f winter hi·ems |emis f die mor·ior |¿ mortuus (-a) sum week hebdomas, hebdomadis f, grow old sen¡sc·« |ere senu¿ septim§n·a |ae f; every week singul¿s septim§n¿s (or grow up iuven¡sc·« |ere iuven¿ hebdomadibus); last (previous, next, growing up adul¡sc·¡ns |entis this) week proxim§ (superi«re, grown-up adj adult·us |a |um ¿nsequente, h§c) hebdomade infancy ¿nfanti·a |ae f weekday di·¡s |¡¿ m pr«f¡stus month m¡ns·is |is m Sunday di·¡s |¡¿ m S«lis; dominic·a |ae f January I§nu§ri·us |¿ m Monday di·¡s |¡¿ m L»nae February Febru§ri·us |¿ m Tuesday di·¡s |¡¿ m M§rtis March M§rti·us |¿ m Wednesday di·¡s |¡¿ m Mercuri¿ April Apr¿l·is |is m Thursday di·¡s |¡¿ m Iovis May M§i·us |¿ m Friday di·¡s |¡¿ m Veneris June I»ni·us |¿ m Saturday di·¡s |¡¿ m S§turn¿, July I»li·us |¿ m Sabbat·a |«rum npl August August·us |¿ m year ann·us |¿ m; in my twenty-first September Septem·ber |bris m year annum pr¿mum et v¿c¡simum October Oct«·ber |bris m ag·¡ns |entis ego … November Novem·ber |bris m young parv·us |a |um, parvul·us |a |um; December Decem·ber |bris m younger i»ni·or |or |us; min·or |or more (less) than … years old m§ior |us (n§t»); youngest minim·us |a (minor) quam … ann«s n§t·us |a |um |um (n§t») 78 Conversational Latin young lady adul¡sc·¡ns |entis f, youth (age) adul¡scenti·a |ae f (between muliercul·a |ae f puer and iuvenis, between 15 and 30 young man adul¡sc·¡ns |entis m, years and even beyond); (young men iuven·is |is m collectively) iuvent·»s |»tis f; (young person) iuven·is |is mf youngster adul¡scentul·us |¿ m, adul¡scentul·a |ae f youthful iuven¿l·is |is |e; iuven·is |is |e

THE JULIAN CALENDAR ______

‹ The names of the Roman months are: ‹ Because the Romans, in counting I§nu§rius, Febru§rius, M§rtius, backward, counted both ends of the Apr¿lis, M§ius, I»nius, I»lius, series, the second day before (by our Augustus, September, Oct«ber, system of reckoning) was designated November, December. The name of as di¡ terti« ante Kalend§s, N«n§s, the month functions as an adjective ‡dus. Similarly, the third day before in agreement with Kalendae, N«nae, (by our system of reckoning) was ‡d»s. Before Augustus, the months designated as di¡ qu§rt«, and so on. July and August were called ‹ To complicate matters further, the Qu¿nt¿lis and Sext¿lis. (Originally Romans generally did not say, for the Roman calendar began with example, “the third day before the March. This explains the names Calends of January” but “before the September, Oct«ber, etc. In the year third day Calends January,” ante 153 B.C., in order to give the new diem tertiam Kalend§s I§nu§ri§s, consuls time to organize their armies often abbreviated a. d. III Kal. I§n. and reach the latest frontier, the year This was the most common form for was made to begin with January.) indicating dates. Others were: ‹ The Romans counted backward from di¡ terti« ante Kalend§s I§nu§ri§s three points in the month, Calends terti« ante Kalend§s I§nu§ri§s (Kalendae), Nones (N«nae), and terti« (III) Kalend§s I§nu§ri§s Ides (‡d»s), to which the names of the months are added as adjectives: ‹ These phrases are treated as nouns Kalendae I§nu§riae, N«nae and combined with the prepositions Ianu§riae, ‡d»s I§nu§riae. The ex (from), ad or in (up to), e.g.: Calends are the first day, the Nones ex ante diem tertium Kalend§s the fifth, and the Ides the thirteen. In I§nu§ri§s (from December 30) March, May, July, and October the ad (or in) ante diem tertium Nones and the Ides are two days Kalend§s I§nu§ri§s (up to later. December 30) ‹ In counting backward, the Romans ‹ In leap years, the 25th was reckoned used pr¿di¡ (+ acc) for “the day as the extra day in February. The before”: pr¿di¡ Kalend§s I§nu§ri§s 24th was called ante diem VI (= December 31), pr¿di¡ N«n§s Kalend§s M§rti§s and the 25th as I§nu§ri§s (= January 4); pr¿di¡ ‡d»s ante diem bis VI Kalend§s I§nu§ri§s (= January 12). M§rti§s. 3III‡d»s 13 1V‡» I dsII‡» I dsIII‡d»s IV‡d»s III‡d»s IV‡d»s III‡d»s IV‡d»s Pr III‡d»s IV‡d»s IV‡d»s 12 V‡d»s 11 VI‡d»s 10 15 9I a.I a.IIKl Pr IVKal. Pr VKal. Pr IIIKal. IIIKal. bisVIKal. IVKal. VIKal. VIIKal. IVKal. IIIKal. VKal. IVKal. VIIIKal. Pr V Kal. 31 VKal. VIKal. VIIKal. VIKal. IXKal. IIIKal. 30 VIKal. VIIIKal. IVKal. VIIKal. VIIIKal. 29 XKal. IXKal. VIIKal. VKal. 28 IXKal. XIKal. VIKal. VIII Kal. XKal. 27 IXKal. XIIKal. VIIKal. X Kal. 26 XKal. XIKal. VIIIKal. XIIIKal. 25 XIKal. XIKal. IXKal. XII Kal. XIIKal. 24 XIIKal. XIVKal. XKal. XIIIKal. XIII Kal. 23 XIVKal. XIKal. XIII Kal. 22 XIVKal. XIIKal. XIVKal. XVKal. 21 XVKal. XIIIKal. 20 XVIKal. XIVKal. XVIKal. 19 XVKal. 18 XVIIKal. XVIKal. 17 XVIIKal. 16 Pr 14 I dsV‡» dsV‡» V‡d»s VI‡d»s VII‡d»s V‡d»s VI‡d»s VII‡d»s V‡d»s VI‡d»s VII‡d»s V‡d»s VI‡d»s VII‡d»s VII‡d»s 9 VIII‡d»s 8 N«n¿s 7 Kal 1 I «§ «¿ «¿ «¿ N«n¿s N«n¿s N«n¿s N«n¿s 6Pr IIIN«n§s 5 «§ I «§ I «§ I «§ IIIN«n§s IVN«n§s III N«n§s IVN«n§s IIIN«n§s Pr IVN«n§s IIIN«n§s IVN«n§s IVN«n§s 4 VN«n§s 3 VIN«n§s 2 day of the month ‡ iu VI a.XI a.X a.XVKal. XV Kal. XVIIKal. XVIIIKal. dibus ¿ ¿ ¿ i «§ II‡» II‡» II‡» VIII‡d»s VIII‡d»s VIII‡d»s VIII‡d»s di¡ N«n§s i a.Pr di¡ Kal. XVIKal. XVIKal. XVIIIKal. XIXKal. di¡ ‡d»s e March, May, dsKal nd¿s July, October hpe X as ek,Mnh,Yas79 Chapter IX:Days,Weeks, Months, Years ‡ dibus ¿ ¿ ¿ i dsPr di¡ ‡d»s di¡ Kal. i «§ Pr di¡ N«n§s e

dsKal nd¿s January, August, December ‡ dibus ¿ ¿ ¿ April, June, i dsPr di¡ ‡d»s di¡ Kal. i «§ Pr di¡ N«n§s e

dsKal nd¿s September, November ‡ dibus ¿ ¿ ¿ i dsPr di¡ ‡d»s i «§ Pr di¡ N«n§s i a.IIIKal. di¡ Kal. e

dsKal nd¿s February ‡ dibus ¿ ¿ ¿ di¡ ‡d»s di¡ N«n§s di¡ Kal.

e February nd¿s (leap year) 80 Conversational Latin

HOURS OF THE DAY AND WATCHES OF THE NIGHT ______

Table of Hours of the Day and Watches of the Night Among the Romans Tabula H«r§rum Di¡¿ Vigili§rumque Noctis Apud R«m§n«s

DAY DIES Morning 7 o’clock M§t»t¿num h«ra pr¿ma 8 o’clock tempus h«ra secunda 9 o’clock h«ra tertia 10 o’clock h«ra qu§rta 11 o’clock h«ra qu¿nta

Midday 12 o’clock Mer¿di¡s h«ra sexta 1 o’clock h«ra septima 2 o’clock h«ra oct§va 3 o’clock h«ra n«na 4 o’clock h«ra decima 5 o’clock h«ra »ndecima

NIGHT NOX Evening 6 o’clock Vespert¿num h«ra duodecima 7 o’clock tempus h«ra pr¿ma 8 o’clock h«ra secunda 9 o’clock h«ra tertia 10 o’clock h«ra qu§rta (vigilia secunda) 11 o’clock h«ra qu¿nta

Midnight 12 o’clock Media nox h«ra sexta (vigilia tertia) 1 o’clock h«ra septima 2 o’clock h«ra oct§va 3 o’clock h«ra n«na 4 o’clock h«ra decima (vigilia qu§rta) 5 o’clock h«ra »ndecima 6 o’clock h«ra duodecima

Note—The Romans considered a day as extending from midnight to the next midnight, just as we do. However, they counted the hours from 6:00 a.m. When the Romans wished to distinguish day-time hours from night hours, they said, for example pr¿ma di¡¿ h«ra and pr¿ma noctis h«ra. Chapter IX: Days, Weeks, Months, Years 81

TELLING TIME IN LATIN ACCORDING TO THE MODERN METHOD ______

H«r§s ab aliqu« quaerere. to ask s.o. the time Quota h«ra est? What time is it?

Est pr¿ma h«ra ante mer¿diem. / Est pr¿ma h«ra It is one o’clock A.M. m§tut¿na. Est pr¿ma h«ra postmer¿di§na. / Est It is one o’clock P.M. pr¿ma h«ra post mer¿diem. Est pr¿ma fer¡ h«ra. It is about one o/clock. Est pr¿ma h«ra min»ta qu¿nta decima. It is 1:15. Est pr¿ma h«ra et quadr§ns. It is 1:15. / It is quarter after one.

Est pr¿ma h«ra et s¡mih«ra. It is 1:30. Est pr¿ma h«ra min»ta tr¿c¡sima. It is 1:30. Est pr¿ma h«ra min»ta quadr§g¡sima qu¿nta. It is 1:45. Est pr¿ma h«ra et d«dr§ns. It is 1:45

Est secunda h«ra. / Sunt duae h«rae. It is two o’clock. Est tertia h«ra. / Sunt tr¡s h«rae. It is three o’clock. Est quarta h«ra. / Sunt quattuor h«rae. It is four o’clock. Est qu¿nta h«ra. / Sunt qu¿nque h«rae. It is five o’clock. Est sexta h«ra. / Sunt sex h«rae. It is six o’clock.’ Est septima h«ra. / Sunt septem h«rae. It is seven o’clock. Est oct§va h«ra. / Sunt oct« h«rae. It is eight o’clock. Est n«na h«ra. / Sunt novem h«rae. It is nine o’clock. Est decima h«ra. / Sunt decim h«rae. It is ten o’clock. Est »ndecima h«ra. / Sunt »ndecim h«rae. It is eleven o’clock. Est duodecima h«ra. / Sunt duodecim h«rae. It is twelve o’clock.

Quot§ h«r§ m§ne surgis? At what hour do you get up in the morning? H«r§ septim§ m§t»t¿n§. At seven o’clock in the morning. H«r§ septim§ et quadrante. At 7:15. H«r§ septim§ et s¡mih«r§. At 7:30. H«r§ septim§ et d«drante. At 7:45. Chapter X: Expressions of Time

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Marie asks her friend how he spends his days.

Mar¿a Ios¡phe, qu«modo diem agit§s? Marie: Joseph, how do you spend your day? Ios¡phus Bene m§ne surg« et m¡ lav«. Joseph: I get up early in the morning and wash (myself).

Mar¿a Quot§ h«r§ ient§culum s»mis? At what time do you eat breakfast? Ios¡phus Oct§va h«r§ m§t»t¿n§ aut mox I eat breakfast at 8:00 A.M. or deinde ient§culum s»m«. soon thereafter.

Mar¿a L»disne deinde in aedibus an Do you then play in your house or for¿s? outdoors? Ios¡phus Interdum in aedibus l»d«, ali§s Sometimes I play in my house, at l»d« for¿s. other times I play outdoors.

Mar¿a L»disne semper dom¿? Do you always play at home? Ios¡phus N«nnumquam tempus m§t»t¿num Sometimes I spend the morning at apud am¿cum agit«. N«n idem my friend’s house. I don’t do c«t¿di¡ faci«. the same thing every day.

Mar¿a Quot§ h«r§ prandium s»mis? At what time do you eat lunch? Ios¡phus Pl¡rumque mer¿die aut pr¿m§ h«r§ Generally at noon or 1:00 P.M.. It post mer¿diem. Variat in di¡s. varies from day to day.

Mar¿a Quid facis postmer¿di¡? Pater t¡ What do you do in the afternoon? adh»c in forum d»cit? Does your father still take you to the forum? Ios¡phus Utcumque tempus patr¿ est, m¡ in Whenever my father has time, he forum d»cit. takes me to the forum.

Mar¿a Quidnam in for« facitis? Just what do you do in the forum? Ios¡phus Cum pr¿mum in forum As soon as we get to the forum, we perven¿mus, tabern§s nov§s ibi visit the new shops there. v¿sit§mus. 82 Chapter X: Expressions of Time 83

Mar¿a Quid in tabern¿s facitis? What do you do in the shops? Ios¡phus Obs«n§mus. Pater mihi We shop. My father often buys me m»nusculum saepe emit. a little gift.

Mar¿a Pater t¡ in forum c«t¿di¡ d»cit? Does your father take you to the forum every day? Ios¡phus N«n c«t¿di¡. Praetere§, h¿s Not every day. Besides, these days temporibus pater est my father is very busy. occup§tissimus.

Mar¿a E« c§s», qu«modo tempus In that case, how do you spend postmer¿di§num agit§s the afternoon? Ios¡phus Ego pl¡rumque tempus I generally spend the afternoon postmer¿di§num cum am¿c¿s with my friends. agit«.

Mar¿a Quid vesper¿ post c¡nam facis? What do you do in the evening after dinner? Ios¡phus Aliqua p¡nsa faci«. Deinde, s¿ I do some chores. Then, if I have tempus mihi est, librum leg«, time, I read a book till I go to d«nec dorm¿tum e«. sleep.

LEVEL II A coach interviews a new athlete. Exercit§tor Salv¡. T»ne §thl¡ta novus es? Coach: Hello. Are you the new athlete? ×thl¡ta Sum. Athlete: Yes, I am.

Exercit§tor Quand« ad gymnasium When did you arrive at the gym? perv¡nist¿? A little while ago. Am I late? [lit: ×thl¡ta Paul« ante. S¡r«ne v¡n¿? have I come late?]

Exercit§tor N«n. V¡nist¿ quidem temper¿. Sed No. Indeed, you’re on time. But ali¿ §thl¡tae omn¡s iam adsunt. all the other athletes are Quoti¡ns t¡ exerc¡s? already here. How often do you exercise? ×thl¡ta Ut v¡ra d¿cam, c«t¿di¡: m§ne, To tell you the truth, daily: mer¿di¡, noct». morning, noon, and night.

Exercit§tor Quoti¡ns ad f»nem sal¿s? How often do you jump rope? ×thl¡ta Saltem bis in di¡. At least twice a day. 84 Conversational Latin

Exercit§tor Ante mer¿diem an post mer¿diem? Before noon or in the afternoon? Øthl¡ta Modo ante mer¿diem, modo post Sometimes before noon, mer¿diem. Variat. sometimes in the afternoon. It varies.

Exercit§tor Quam di» ad f»nem sal¿s? How long do you jump rope? Øthl¡ta Saltem s¡mih«ram. At least for half an hour.

Exercit§tor Quand« novissim¡ tol»tim When did you last jog? cursit§vist¿? Øthl¡ta Nudius tertius et her¿. The day before yesterday and yesterday.

Exercit§tor Hodi¡ne tol»tim cursit§bis? Are you going to jog today? Øthl¡ta Ita. Mihi in anim« est tol»tim Yes. I intend to jog a little later. cursit§re poste§ aliquant«.

Exercit§tor Sententi§ me§, t» eris §thl¡ta In my opinion, you will be an praest§ns. outstanding athlete.

LEVEL III A traveler is about to take a bus trip to Florida.

Vi§tor Velim iter facere § Septentri«n§l¿ Traveler: I’d like to travel from C§rol¿n§ in Fl«ridam. North Carolina to Florida. Am¿cus Qu¿ est tibi locus d¡stin§tus? Friend: What is your destination?

Vi§tor Locus d¡stin§tus mihi est Mi§m¿. My destination is Miami. Am¿cus Hab¡sne vect»ram in prompt»? Do you have your fare ready?

Vi§tor Ecce vect»ram. Quand« raeda Here’s the fare. When does the longa disc¡det? bus depart? Am¿cus Mox. Profect« secund§ h«r§. Soon. In fact, at eight o’clock.

Vi§tor Bene! Interdi» magis quam noct» Fine. I prefer to travel by day iter facere praefer«. rather than at night. Am¿cus Qu«usque v¿s ¿re pr¿m« di¡? How far do you want to go on the first day?

Vi§tor Velim perven¿re in Mer¿di«n§lem I’d like to arrive in South C§rol¿nam cr§s sub noctem, s¿ Carolina tomorrow by nightfall, fier¿ potest. if possible. Chapter X: Expressions of Time 85

Am¿cus Ubi pernoct§bis? Where will you spend the night?

Vi§tor Prob§biliter in nesci« qu« Probably in some motel or other. d¡vers«ri« vehicul§ri«. Am¿cus Quam di» ibi man¡bis? How long will you stay there?

Vi§tor N«l« equidem multum temporis I don’t want to waste a lot of time ibi perdere. there. Am¿cus Qu«modo vesperam ag¡s? How will you spend the evening?

Vi§tor Statim post c¡nam, balne« pluvi« Immediately after dinner, I’ll take »tar et deinde r¡ct¡ ¿b« a shower and then I will go dorm¿tum. right to sleep. Am¿cus Quot§ h«r§ illinc disc¡dere cupis? At what time do you want to leave from there?

Vi§tor Statim post ient§culum. Ad Immediately after breakfast. By proximam noctem sp¡r« n«s in the following night, I hope that mer¿di«n§l¿ Ge«rgi§ fut»r«s we will be in southern Georgia. esse. Am¿cus Istud mehercle est spatium Gee, that’s a very long stretch! longissimum!

Vi§tor S¿ ill»c ante tempus If we arrive there before time, I’ll perv¡nerimus, poter« m¡ be able to relax a bit. remittere paulisper. Am¿cus Quam di» v¿s ibi man¡re? How long do you want to stay there?

Vi§tor Mihi in anim« est bene m§ne I intend to leave early in the postr¿di¡ disc¡dere. S¿ mer¿di¡ morning on the next day. If I in septentri«n§l¿ Fl«rid§ eat lunch in northern Florida, I prander«, locum d¡stin§tum sub will arrive at our destination by noctem perveniam. nightfall. 86 Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______ago (prepositive) abhinc, e.g., ten years dark: after dark d¡ nocte; in the dark ago abhinc decem ann«s; a short d¡ nocte while ago paul« ante; how long darkness tenebr·ae |§rum fpl ago? quam pr¿dem?; long ago iamd»dum, iampr¿dem; not so long date: di·¡s |¡¿ f; by what date? quam ago haud ita pr¿dem; sometime ago ad diem? pr¿dem d»dum day: di·¡s |¡¿ mf; a day, e.g., twice a after conj postquam (+ indic); prep post day bis (in) di¡; any day now (+ acc); after this post h§c propediem; by day interdi»; day and night et di¡s et noct¡s; every day afternoon temp·us |oris n c«t¿di¡, in singul«s di¡s; from day to postmer¿di§num; in the afternoon day in di¡s; from that day on ex e« postmer¿di¡, post mer¿diem di¡; just the other day n»per afterwards posth§c quidem; one day (on a certain day in again and again etiam atque etiam, the past) qu«dam di¡; on the day identidem before he departed pr¿di¡ quam ab¿ret; on the day before the Ides always semper pr¿di¡ ‡d»s; (on) the following day around circ§, circiter (+ acc), d¡ (+ poster« di¡; on the third day before abl); around midnight d¡ medi§ the Calends of March ante diem nocte; around noon circiter qu§rtum Kalend§s M§rti§s; the day mer¿diem after postr¿di¡; the day after that postr¿di¡ ¡ius di¡¿; the day after as long as quamdi» (+ indic); as soon tomorrow perendi¡; the day before as possible quam pr¿mum; as yet pr¿di¡; till late in the day ad multum adh»c diem; two days after that post diem at: at least utique; at most summum; at tertium ¡ius di¡¿; these days h¿s once continu«, m«ment« temporibus before conj antequam, priusquam (+ dawn: at dawn pr¿m§ l»ce; before indic); adv ante§; prep ante (+ acc); dawn antel»cul« before daylight ante l»cem; before daybreak: at daybreak pr¿m§ l»ce, long propediem; before now anteh§c d¿l»cul«; till daybreak in pr¿mam beginning pr¿ncipi·um |¿ n; at the l»cem, »sque d¿l»culum beginning of the year pr¿ncipi« ann¿ during inter (+ acc) briefly summ§tim end: in the end ab extr¡m«; toward the by (not later than) ad (+ acc); by end of his life tempore extr¡m« January ad m¡nsem I§nu§rium; by evening vesp·er |er¿ m, vesper·a |ae f; now: iam; by the sixth hour ad in the early evening pr¿m§ vesper§; sextam h«ram in the evening vesper¿; last evening calendar f§st·¿ |«rum mpl; her¿ vesper¿; this evening hodi¡ calend§ri·um |¿ n vesper¿; very late in the evening century saecul·um |¿ n pervesper¿ clock h«rologi·um |¿ n (see also clock, ever umquam Chapter XIII) every day c«t¿di¡ Chapter X: Expressions of Time 87 finally ad extr¡mum, tandem immediately statim, continu« first (at first) pr¿m«; (in a series, just adv modo; just as cum maxim¡; followed by deinde, postr¡m«) just as I was writing cum haec pr¿mum; at first initi«; first of all maxim¡ scr¿berem; just before (an pr¿mum omnium; for the first time event) sub (+ acc); just in time pr¿m« tempor¿; just then tunc maxim¡; just for (during a certain period, expressed the other day modo; just when cum by acc), e.g., for ten days decem maxim¡ di¡s; (to denote the appointment of last (adj used where English uses an definite time) in (+ acc), e.g., he adv) novissim·us |a |um, e.g., invited her to dinner for the Cicero spoke last Cicer« novissimus following day eam ad c¡nam voc§vit loc»tus est; last night proxim§ nocte in posterum diem late adj s¡r·us |a |um from prep ab or d¡ or ex (+ abl); from late adv s¡r«; all too late imm« iam day to day diem d¡ di¡; diem ex di¡; s¡r«; too late s¡rius; very late in singul«s di¡s; from sunrise till s¡rissim¡ late in the day ab s«le ort« in multum di¡¿; from that day to this lately n»per ex e§ di¡ ad hanc diem; from the later poste§; a little later poste§ time when ex qu«; from the very aliquant«; to postpone till later beginning iam inde § pr¿ncipi«; dif·fer« |ferre distul¿ d¿l§tus in aliud from this (that) time forward ex tempus h«c (ill«) tempore latest: perhaps tomorrow, at latest the future fut»r·a |«rum npl; in the future day after that fortasse cr§s, in posterum summum perendi¡ half hour s¡mih«r·a |ae f; d¿midi·um |¿ least: at least saltem n h«rae long di»; how long quam di»; how hereafter posth§c much longer quamdi» etiam; long here and now d¡praesenti§rum (adv) ago pr¿dem; long after (before) mult« post (ante); longer di»tius; too hour h«r·a |ae f; a half hour s¡mih«r·a long di»tius, nimium di» |ae f; an hour and a half s¡squih«r·a |ae f; a quarter of an meanwhile interim hour quadr·§ns |antis m h«rae; midnight media no·x, |ctis f; around every hour singul¿s h«r¿s; from midnight medi§ circiter nocte; at hour to hour in h«r§s; three midnight medi§ nocte quarters of an hour d«dr·§ns |antis minute min»t·a |ae f; in a minute m h«rae; to last a few hours in m«ment« temporis; the minute I pauc§s h«r§s d»r§re saw you extempl« ubi ego t¡ v¿d¿; hourly in h«r§s this minute (right now) iam; wait a how long? quam di»? minute exspect§ paulum, man¡ dum, man¡ paulisper how long ago? quam pr¿dem?; quam d»dum? morning temp·us |oris n m§t»t¿num; early in the morning bene m§ne, how often? quoti¡ns? mult« m§ne; from morning till how soon? quam mox? evening § m§ne »sque ad vesperam; 88 Conversational Latin

in the morning m§ne; the next point: at this point (in time) h«c loc« morning m§ne postr¿di¡; this previously anteh§c, prius morning hodi¡ m§ne rarely r§r« nick: in the nick of time in ips« articul« temporis right from the start in pr¿ncipi« ¿lic«; right now nunc iam night nox, noctis f; at night noct»; at this time of night h«c noctis; by second secund·a |ae f night noct»; every night per since (temporal) ut (+ indic) singul§s noct¡s; last night proxim§ someday (in indef. fut.) aliquand«, nocte, h§c nocte; night after night aliqu§ di¡ per singul§s noct¡s; on the following night proxim§ nocte; on the night sometime aliquand« before last superi«re nocte; till late sometimes n«nnumquam; interdum; at night ad multam noctem sometimes … sometimes ali§s … nightfall: just before nightfall sub ali§s, modo … modo, interdum … noctem; till nightfall »sque ad interdum noctem soon mox; (in a minute) iam; as soon as never numquam; never yet n«ndum cum pr¿mum; as soon as possible quam pr¿mum; soon thereafter mox no longer n«n di»tius deinde; too soon nimium cito noon mer¿di·¡s |¡¿ m; at noon mer¿di¡ sooner or later s¡rius ocius, s¡rius aut not yet n«ndum citius now nunc; (denoting emphasis and then (at that time) tum; (next) deinde; urgency) iam; even now iam nunc; just then tunc maxim¡; then and just now (a moment ago) modo; there ¿lic« now and then subinde, till »sque ad (+ acc), in (+ acc); till the n«nnumquam, aliquand«; now at month of July in m¡nsem I»lium last nunc tandem; now … now modo … modo; now that time temp·us |oris n; ahead of time poste§quam (+ indic); right now ante tempus; a long time already (+ (immediately) iam; ten years from present tense) iam d»dum, e.g., I’ve now ad decem ann«s been here a long time already iam d»dum adsum; around the time of nowadays hodi¡, nunc sub tempus (+ gen); at about the occasion: for the occasion in tempus same time sub idem tempus; at another time ali§s; at one time … occasionally subinde at another ali§s … ali§s; at that o’clock: at two o’clock h«r§ secund§ time ad id temporis; at the right (see p. 81) time tempest¿v¡; at the time when once (on a certain occasion) qu«dam qu§ tempest§te; at the wrong time di¡; (one time) semel; at once ¿lic«, intempest¿v¡; at times interdum; a statim; (simultaneously) simul; once very short time ago modo; before or twice semel atque iterum; once time (prematurely) ante tempus; for upon a time «lim a long time iam di»; for a short time brev¿ tempore; for the first past: in the past anteh§c time pr¿mum; for the last time period spati·um |¿ n extr¡mum; for the time being in Chapter X: Expressions of Time 89

tempus; from time to time subinde; tomorrow cr§s; day after tomorrow I have no time tempus n«n est mihi; perendi¡; tomorrow morning cr§s in a short time in brev¿ spati«; in m§ne; until tomorrow in cr§stinum good time, in plenty of time m§t»r¡; tonight h§c nocte in (the course of) time tempore; it is high time for you to tempus twilight crepuscul·um |¿ n; at twilight maxim¡ est ut t» (+ subj); long ago crepuscul« iam d»dum; make up for lost time until conj d«nec; prep »sque ad (+ acc) cess§ta tempora corrig·« |ere corr¡x¿; up till now anteh§c not to have the time to «tium n«n hab¡re (w. dat ger); once upon a when cum, ubi, ut; (interrog) quand« time «lim; on time temper¿; some whenever quand«cumque, utcumque, time ago d»dum, pr¿dem; there was quoti¡ns a time when (tempus) fuit cum; to ask what time it is h«r§s inqu¿rere; while s a little while before paul« ante; to postpone to another time differre after a little while paul« post; a in aliud tempus; to ask the time short while ago paul« ante quaerere h«r§s; to see what time it while conj dum is h«r§s ¿nspicere; to spend time while tr to while away the time tempus tempus s»mere (agere, agit§re); to fall·« |ere fefell¿ waste time tempus perdere; what time is it? quota h«ra est?; quot year: annus |¿ m; every year quotann¿s; h«rae sunt?; to while away the time the following year proximus annus; tempus fall·« |ere fefell¿ the previous year superior annus; at the beginning of the year ineunte times (use numeral adverbs) e.g., ten ann«, pr¿ncipi« ann¿; at the end of times deci¡s; no more than three the year exeunte ann«; a hundred times ter nec amplius years from now ad centum ann«s today hodi¡; before today ante hunc yesterday her¿; the day before diem; starting today ex h«c di¡ yesterday nudius tertius (adv, also written as one word); yesterday morning her¿ m§ne Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Brian finds Jeffrey to be in a hurry.

Brianus Ast§, Galfride; man¡ dum, Brian: Hold it, Jeffrey. Wait a quaes«. minute, please. Galfridus Quid re¿ est, Briane? M¡ paenitet, Jeffrey: What’s up, Brian? I’m v¡rum enim proper«. sorry but I’m really in a hurry.

Brianus Quid fest¿n§s? Qu« t¡ agis? What’s your hurry. Where are you going? Galfridus Ego biblioth¡cam pet«. I’m heading for the library.

Brianus Quam ob rem? Why? Galfridus Cert¡ n«n anim¿ caus§. Certainly not for my amusement.

Brianus C»r igitur? Why then? Galfridus Rog§s? Sc¿licet operis ardu¿ What a question! Of course, out am«re. of love for hard work.

Brianus Quid tibi in anim« est ibi facere? What do you intend to do there? Galfridus Ut sole«, ind§g§ti«nem §ct»rus As usual, I am going to do sum. research.

Brianus Em, e« c§s» t¡ n«n d¡tin¡b«. Well, in that case I’ll not hold you up. Galfridus Nunc val¡. øti«sus est«. So long for now. Take it easy.

LEVEL II Phyllis wants to discuss a problem with Marie. Phyllis Heus Mar¿a. Vel¿sne m¡cum for¿s Phyllis: Hey Marie, would you c¡n§re? like to go out to dinner with me? Mar¿a Quippin¿? Sed quid tibi in anim« Marie: Why not? But what’s on est? your mind?

90 Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 91

Phyllis Ut v¡ra d¿cam, ego in angusti¿s To tell you the truth, I’m in a tight versor. spot. Mar¿a N«n tene«. Quid est neg«ti¿? I don’t get it. What’s the problem?

Phyllis Ego equidem admodum sollicitor. I’m really quite worried. Mar¿a Quid id est? Qu§ caus§ ade« What is it? Why are you so upset? perturb§ris?

Phyllis Ûn« verb«, sollicitor d¡ r¡ In a word, I’m worried about my pec»ni§r¿. personal finances. Mar¿a Perge porr«. Quid d¡ r¡ pec»ni§r¿? Go on. What about your personal finances?

Phyllis M§lim t¡cum d¡ e§ in pr¿v§t« I’d rather talk to you about that in loqu¿. Rem enim t«tam per private. You see, I’ll go into the c¡nam per singula in¿b«. whole matter in detail over dinner. Mar¿a E§mus igitur. Nempe tibi Let’s go then. Naturally, I’ll help succurram quoad possim. N«l¿ you as far as I can. [lit: as far sollicit§r¿. as I may be able] Don’t worry.

LEVEL III Annette turns to her sister for advice. Annetta Christ¿na, c§ra soror, r¡cta Annette: Christine, my dear c«nsilia semper d§s. Nunc sister, you always give good velim § t¡ c«nsilium petere. advice. Now I’d like to ask you for advice. Christ¿na Cedo, Annetta. C«nsilium d¡ qu«? Christine: Out with it, Annette. Advice about what?

Annetta Ut breviter d¿cam, iam d»dum To make a long story short, I have gesti« iter in ‡taliam facere. been itching for a long time to take a trip to Italy. Christ¿na Euge! R«ma v¡r« h«c ann¿ Splendid! Rome, in fact, is very tempore est bellissima. At quid pretty at this time of the year. est neg«ti¿? But what’s the trouble?

Annetta Em, argentum mihi, ut ita d¿cam, Well, I am, so to speak, a little paululum d¡ficit. short of money. [lit: money is running a little low for me] Christ¿na Quam mox pr«fic¿sc¿ tibi in How soon do you intend to leave? anim« est? 92 Conversational Latin

Annetta Cum pr¿mum argentum conr§dere As soon as I can scrape the poter«. money together. Christ¿na N«nne ades frequ¡ns »n§ cum You hang out with rich friends, aliquot am¿c¿s d¿vitibus? Quidn¿ don’t you? Why don’t you hit e§s argent« m»tu« fer¿s? them for a loan?

Annetta In gr§ti§ quidem cum e¿s sum, sed I’m on good terms with them all e§s numquam possim argentum right, but I could never ask rog§re. them up for money. Christ¿na Iam tene«. Ex verb¿s tu¿s collig« Now I get it. I infer from what you t¡ pec»niam magis quam say that you are asking me for c«nsilium § m¡ petere. N«nne money rather than advice. ita est? Right? [lit: isn’t it so?]

Annetta Bene put§s, Christ¿na! Quid Good thinking, Christine! What faciam sine t¡? Et benevola et would I do without you? You’re benefica es. Ut aiunt, ea am¿ca both kind and generous. As they est quae in r¡ dubi§ r¡ iuvat. say, a friend in need is a friend indeed.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______Additional colloquial expressions will be found in the General Vocabulary. ability: to the best of my ability pr« afraid: what are you afraid of? quid me§ parte est quod metuis? above: to be above (e.g., bribery) after all r¡ v¡r§ indign·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (+ acc) aha! attat! absence: in my absence m¡ absente ahead: go ahead, tell me! agedum, d¿c absolutely nothing nihil pr«rsus mihi! active: to be active in vers·or |§r¿ |§tus ail: what ails you? quid tibi est? sum in (+ abl) all along: I knew all along »sque ab addition: in addition acc¡dit quod (+ initi« sc¿v¿ indic) all but propemodum; I have all but advantage: to be of advantage pr«sum given up hope propemodum spem pr«desse pr«fu¿ d¡m¿s¿ all over: it’s all over! ×ctum est! advantage: to take advantage of the opportunity occ§si«nem nanc¿sc·or all the same (anyhow) nihil« s¡tius |¿ n§nctus sum all there: are you quite all there? advice: I will take your advice on the satisne s§nus (-a) es? matter c«nsilium tuum ill¿us re¿ all’s well salva r¡s est capiam amount: it amounts to the same thing advice: on your advice t¡ auct«re tantundem est Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 93 amusement: for one’s amusement ashamed: I’m ashamed to say m¡ anim¿ caus§ pudet d¿cere and so forth et perinde ask further questions quaer·« |ere angry: he did nothing for you to be quaes¿v¿ ultr§ angry at nihil f¡cit quod susc¡nse§s ask: he asked me whether quaes¿vit § answer: I’ll answer you point by point m¡ (or d¡ m¡ or ex m¡) num tibi respond¡b« (in writing: ask: he asked you a question ille t¡ rescr¿bam) ad singula interrog§vit answer: now I’ll answer your ask: I want to ask you this hoc t¡ questions nunc respond¡b« ad ea rog§re vol« quae rog§vist¿ ask: to ask s.o. for s.th. aliquem aliquid answer: that’s not an answer to my rog§re question aliud t¡ rog« ask: why do you ask me that? quid m¡ answer: to give s.o. an answer alicui istud rog§s? resp«nsum redd·« |ere |id¿ |itus at all pr«rsum, omn¿n«; you have no anyhow (just the same) nec e« s¡tius; common sense at all n«n cor (in any event) utique omn¿n« hab¡s anything else I can do for you? num quid aliud m¡ v¿s? attend: I’ll certainly attend to it dab« equidem operam apologize: I apologize to you m¡ tibi exc»s« available: to be available praest« esse apology: please accept my apologies average: on the average medi§ habit§ quaes«, accipe exc»s§ti«n¡s rati«ne apparently ut vid¡tur aw, keep quiet! au, tac¡! applecart: to upset the applecart aye yai yai! heu heu! plaustrum percell·« |ere percul¿ back: to back s.o. alicui fave« |¡re f§v¿ appointment: to have an appointment faut»rus with c«nstit»tum hab·e« |¡re |u¿ cum bad: wine is bad for you ali¡num tibi (+ abl) v¿num est appointment: to keep an appointment baloney! f§bulae! ad c«nstit»tum ven·i« |¿re v¡n¿ bamboozle: you bamboozled me mihi appreciate: I appreciate your dedist¿ verba kindness beneficium tuum tueor beat around the bush circumiti«ne argue: stop arguing! d¡sine (pl: »t·or |¿ »sus sum d¡sinite) arg»ment§r¿! begin: to begin with pr¿mum enim argument: to get into an argument in l¿tem ambiguam d¡scend·« |ere |¿ best: to do one’s best pr« vir¿l¿ parte argument: to put up an argument best: to make the best of it aequ« rec»s§re anim« fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus ashamed: I’m ashamed of it m¡ pudet bet: I bet he has taken off p«n« eum ¡ius ab¿visse 94 Conversational Latin bet: I bet you he doesn’t win t¡ bump into s.o. alicui occurrere (or sp«nsi«ne pr«voc« illum n«n esse alicui obviam fier¿) vict»rum burst out laughing r¿sum effund·« |ere better half: where is your better half? eff»d¿ Ubinam est tua altera? bury the hatchet simult§tem d¡p«n·« better: it’s better to commodius est (+ |ere d¡posu¿ inf) bush: don’t beat around the bush n«l¿ better: it’s for the better in melius est (pl: n«l¿te) sch¡m§s loqu¿ better late than never potius s¡r« quam bush: he didn’t beat around the bush numquam n¿l circumiti«ne »sus est better: there, that’s better! em istuc business: I always mind my own r¡ctius! business neg«tium ag« semper big-mouth! «s d»rum! meum big-mouth: he was always a big- business: it’s my (your, etc.) business mouth semper d»rae buccae fuit to see what’s going on meum (tuum, etc.) est vid¡re quid ag§tur blame: I don’t blame you tibi n«n improper« business: that’s none of my business nihil ad m¡ attinet blame: to push the blame on culpam in (+ acc) confer« conferre contul¿ business: to put s.o. out of business coll§tus aliquem d¡ neg«ti« d¡ic·i« |ere d¡i¡c¿ d¡iectus blame: you are to blame t» pecc§s or t» in culp§ es business: what business is it of yours? quid id ad t¡ attinet? bless you d¿ t¡ ament; (after a sneeze) salv¡ or sal»tem! busy: I’m busy lab«ri«sus (-a) or occup§t·us |a sum bore: don’t be a bore n¡ s¿s odi«sus (|a) busybody: ard¡li·« |«nis mf bother: don’t bother me n¡ mihi buttonhole s.o. aliquem preh¡ns§re molestus (-a) s¿s cahoots: to be in cahoots with s.o. cum bother: don’t bother n«l¿ t¡ (pl: n«l¿te aliqu« coll»·d« |dere |s¿ v«s) mov¡re care: for all I care me§ caus§ brag: he brags too much about his care: I don’t care about such things money pec»niam nimis iactat Ista n«n c»r« brains: she’s got brains corcillum care: I don’t care for (don’t like) n¿l habet mor·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (+ acc) brief: make it brief! in pauca c«nfer! care: I don’t care to say more n«n briefly: to put it briefly ut breviter libet pl»ra d¿cere d¿cam care: I don’t really care as long as … brilliant! sophos! me§ n¿l r¡fert dum (+ indic) bring oneself to (do s.th.) animum care: take care of yourself c»r§ ut ind»c·« |ere ind»x¿ ut (+ subj) vale§s (pl: c»r§te ut vale§tis) broke: to be broke solvend« n«n esse care: what do I care! quid me§! Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 95 carry away: don’t get carried away clear: to clear $1000 in the first year with enthusiasm n«l¿ (pl: n«l¿te) pr¿m« ann« mille dollar«s d¡terg·e« studi« efferr¿ |¡re d¡ters¿ d¡tersus case: get off my case! n¡ mihi molestus clever: very clever! (well said!) fac¡t¡ (-a) s¿s! dictum! case: if that’s the case, s¿ r¡s s¿c habet, come here this minute! conc¡de h»c §ct»tum! case: in any case utcumque come about ¡ven·i« |¿re ¡v¡n¿ ¡ventum case: in case you have not … s¿ minus … come: come back soon red¿ (pl: red¿te) cito case: in no case haudqu§quam come down with an illness morb« case: in that case igitur; e« c§s» corrip·ior |¿ correptus sum case: since that’s the case, quae cum come: come what may, we’ll take it ita sint, philosophically quod fors feret, case: that’s not the case n«n ita r¡s est fer¡mus aequ« anim« case: that’s the case sunt ista or s¿c r¡s comfortable: make yourselves habet comfortable rog« ut v«b¿s su§viter sit catch breath: let me catch my breath, coming: he’s got what’s coming to please sine resp¿rem, quaes« him habet quod sibi d¡b¡b§tur catch red-handed flagrant¿ d¡lict« common sense: to have common sense d¡prehen·d« |dere |d¿ |sus cor hab·e« |¡re |u¿ catch sight of c«nspic·i« |ere c«nspex¿ company: to keep each other catch: I didn’t catch what you’re company inter s¡ colere saying n«n satis exaudi¡bam quae concern: as far as I’m concerned per loqueris m¡ catch: there’s a catch to it enim istaec concern: how does that concern you? capti« est quid id ad t¡ attinet? certain: I don’t know for certain n«n concerned: I’m not terribly concerned cert« (or certum) sci« I take it as about … lab«r« n«n vald¡ d¡ (+ certain pr« cert« habe« abl) chance: he didn’t give me a chance to condition: in excellent condition answer mihi n«n potest§tem dedit habitissim·us |a |um respondend¿ condition: in good (bad) condition change: for a change variet§tis caus§ bene (male) habit·us |a |um chat: to have a chat with c«nf§bul§r¿ condition: on condition that e§ l¡ge ut cum (+ abl) (+ subj) chew out: why did the instructor chew congratulations! macte virt»te est«! you out? qu§ d¡ caus§ doc¡ns t¡ consent: without my consent m¡ inv¿t« pil§vit? contradict oneself pugnantia loqu·or |¿ clear out of here! hinc apage! loc»tus sum 96 Conversational Latin control yourself t¡ contin¡ deaf: you’re preaching to deaf ears ad convenience: do it at your surd§s aur¡s cant§s convenience id fac commod« tu« deal: a good deal of aliquantum (+ gen) convenience: write me at your earliest deal: it’s a deal pactam rem hab¡t« (pl: convenience scr¿be ad m¡ cum hab¡t«te) commodissim¡ poteris decked out: why are you all decked convenient: when it will be convenient out? quamobrem s¿c sub«rn§tus (-a) for you cum erit tuum commodum es? conversation: to engage in deliver: the mailman delivered the conversation with serm«n¡s cum (+ letter yesterday tabell§rius litter§s abl) c«nfer« c«nferre contul¿ her¿ reddidit deny: I do not deny that … n«n cook up (fig) exc«git§re ¿nfiti·or |§r¿ (+ acc & inf) count: you can count on it that … erit depend: it depends a lot on whether tibi perspectum (+ acc & inf) … pl»rimum r¡fert num … count: you can count on me potes n¿t¿ depend: it (all) depends on you t«tum m¡ [abl] in t¡ positum est count: you don’t count extr§ numerum detail: to go into a matter in detail es mihi rem per singula in·e« |¿re |i¿ or |¿v¿ crazy: he’s crazy about her d¡perit difference of opinion dissenti·« |«nis f eam difference: it makes no difference n¿l crazy: he’s crazy about sports interest morb«sus est in l»d«s difference: it makes no difference to creep: it makes my skin creep facit ut me (you, etc.) whether … or n¿l horream me§ (tu§, etc) interest (or r¡fert) cut it out d¡sin§s! (pl: d¡sin§tis!); utrum … an (+ subj) d¡siste! (pl: d¡sistite!) difference: what’s the difference anyhow! quid utique interest! or cut that out right now supersed¡ ist¿s quid utique r¡fert? r¡bus iam dig up s.th. about quicquam ¡ruere d¡ cut the talk! it’s boring s¡greg§ (+ abl) serm«nem! taedet dirt cheap pr« lut« damned: I’ll be damned if I know d¿ m¡ perdant, s¿ sci« dirty look: to give s.o. a dirty look respic·i« |ere respex¿ aliquem minus darn: I don’t give a darn about that famili§r¿ vult» (him, them) id (eum, e«s) n«n faci« flocc¿ disagree: I strongly disagree with you vehementer § t¡ dissenti« darned: I’ll be darned if … male m¿ disappear: to disappear from sight ¡ sit, s¿ … c«nspect» auferor auferr¿ abl§tus darned: Well, I’ll be darned if I ever sum male m¿ sit, s¿ umquam (+ fut indic) disappoint: I’ll not disappoint you n«n dead: I’m dead! interi¿! or peri¿! fallam op¿ni«nem tuam Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 97 do good: it will do you (a lot of, no) eat out for¿s c¡n§re good pr«derit (multum, nihil) tibi effort: make an effort to be on time d§ do in: he has done me in perdidit m¡ operam ut tempest¿v¡ ads¿s do one’s best operam d« dare ded¿ effort: you’ve wasted all your effort do: I don’t know what to do quid omnem operam perdidist¿ faciam nesci« else: who else is more deserving? quis do: it won’t do to (+ inf) n«n satis est alter est dignior hom«? (+ inf) embarrassed: I am embarrassed by do: what else can I do? quid aliud sum perturb§tus cum (+ abl) faciam? end: put an end to f¿nem imp«n·« |ere do: what more can I do? quid faciam imposu¿ (+ dat) amplius? end: that’s the end of me ×ctum est d¡ do: will this do? satin(e) est? m¡ dogs: they’re going to the dogs pessum enough of this! haec quidem h§ctenus! eunt evidently vid¡licet doing: what’s doing? quid agitur? excuse: excuse me ign«sce mihi done for: I’m done for! n»llus sum or excuse: please excuse me obsecr«, mihi Peri¿ ign«sc§s doubt: I have no doubt that … n«n expect: what do you expect? quid v¿s mihi dubium est qu¿n (+ subj) fier¿? down pat: you have the whole thing expression: to change one’s expression down pat «rdine omnem rem ten¡s vultum flect·« |ere flex¿ flexus downhill: it was all downhill after that eye: keep an eye on that guy adserv§ procl¿via omnia erant postilla (pl: adserv§te) istum downhill: things are going downhill eye: look me in the eye aspicedum incl¿n§ta r¡s est contr§ m¡ drive s.o. mad: aliquem d¡mentem eyes: keep your eyes open cav¡ fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus circumspici§s (no more of that!) drop it! missa istaec face to face: to be face to face with fac! you praes¡ns praesent¿ tibi esse drop it, please! mitte, am§b«! face to face: we can discuss that face drop in on (to visit) inv¿s·« |ere |¿ to face c«ram id agere possumus drop: let’s drop the subject missa haec face: make a face «s d»c·« |ere d»x¿ faci§mus fact: as a matter of fact enimv¡r« duck the issue rem ¡v¿t§re fact: in fact v¡r«; quidem duped: you’ve been duped good and proper tibi «s est sublitum pl§n¡ et fact: the facts speak for themselves r¡s prob¡ ipsa indicat or r¡s pr« s¡ loquitur dying to know: I am dying to know fact: the fact that … quod (+ indic) how you are doing vald¡ ave« sc¿re, fail: words fail me quid d¿cam n«n quid ag§s inveni« 98 Conversational Latin fair: fair and square sine f»c« ac figure out exc«git§re fall§ci¿s fine! prob¡! fair: I think that’s fair id aequ¿ fac·i« fine: you did fine f¡cist¿ prob¡ |ere |f¡c¿ fine: everything’s fine r¡ct¡ est fair: that’s not fair of you n«n aequum facis fine: that’s fine bene hoc habet fall flat (of a speech, etc.) fr¿ge« fr¿g¡re finger: not lift a finger press¿s manibus sed·e« |¡re s¡d¿ fall for (a trick) fall·or |¿ (+ abl) finger: to point the finger at s.o. fall sick in morbum incid·« |ere |¿ digitum ad aliquem intend·« |ere |¿ far from it! minim¡! fingers: to snap the fingers digit¿s far-fetched idea conqu¿s¿tum concrep·« |§re |u¿ c«nsili·um |¿ n fix: to be in a fix in angusti¿s vers·or far: as far as I’m concerned per m¡ |§r¿ |§tus sum fault: to be at fault in culp§ esse flabbergast conturb§re favor: ask s.o. for a favor gr§tiam ab flabbergasted: we were absolutely aliqu« pet·« |ere pet¿v¿ flabbergasted n«s omn¿n« conturb§b§mur favor: do s.o. a favor gr§tum alicui fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus fly: to fly off the handle cito ferv·e« |¡re |¿ favor: please do me this favor am§b« t¡, fac (or for a previous favor, refer) fond: to be fond of d¿lig·« |ere d¿l¡x¿ hanc gr§tiam mihi d¿l¡ctus fear of God: he put the fear of God for all that nec e« s¡tius or nihil« s¡tius into them c»r§vit ut ill¿s I»ppiter for that matter ade« ¿r§tus esset forget about it! ¡ice id ex anim«! feel bad (good) s¡ male (bene) hab¡re; free: if you are free s¿ vac§bis to feel really bad about vald¡ dol·e« |¡re |u¿ d¡ (+ abl) friend: she’s my best friend am¿ca summa mea est feel better (physically) melius val·e« |¡re |u¿ from a to z: he explained everything to me from a to z ab aci§ et ac» feel well: not feel quite well minus mihi omnia exposuit val·e« |¡re |u¿ fun: he always makes fun of me (or feel: because I felt like it quia mihi pokes fun at me) iste m¡ semper libitum est ¡l»dit (or inr¿det) feel: I felt like it libuit fun: it was pure fun hilaria mera erat feel: you’ll feel bad tibi cordolium erit fun: it’s no fun if you … n«n feelers: put out feelers to tent§re i»cundum est s¿ t» … feeling: I wasn’t feeling well ego m¡ geez eu edepol or eu hercle n«n bell¡ hab¡bam general: in general fer¡, vulg« figure on (rely on) n¿t·or |¿ n¿xus sum get out of my way! d¡ vi§ me§ d¡c¡de or n¿sus sum (pl: d¡c¡dite)! Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 99 get (the business) over and done with go: I don’t go in for sports l»d¿s [dat] (neg«tium) absolv·« |ere |¿ absol»tus n«n stude« get along: they get along well with go: please let me go mitte m¡ s¿s each other (or one another) go: what’s going on? quid neg«t¿ est? concorditer inter s¡ congruunt or quid agitur? get carried away by or with efferor go: where are you going? qu« t¡ agis? efferr¿ ¡l§tus sum (+ abl) god bless you! tibi d¿ bene faciant; get: do you get it now? iam ten¡s? I (after a sneeze) salv¡ or sal»tem get it tene« going: good going! bene factum! get: don’t you get it? n«n t» ten¡s? now I get it! iam tene«! goner: geez, I’m a goner peri¿ hercle get even with s.o. for ulc¿sc·or |¿ ultus good for you! macte virt»te est«! (said sum aliquem quod (+ indic) in praise) get even: if only I could get even with good job! bene factum! him for what he did Utinam istum good lord! o d¿ bon¿! ulc¿sc¿ possem pr« fact¿s ¡ius good thinking! bene put§s! get: I can’t get him to talk n«n que« good for: how long is that good for? «r§re ut loqu§tur quam di» val¡bit? get: I get it all right satis ea tene« good, good! euge, euge! get: now get this nunc cogn«sce rem good-for-nothing adj n¡quam (indecl) get rid of: I want to get rid of that good-for-nothing s: to be a good-for- pest istum molestum §mol¿r¿ vol« nothing nihil hominis esse gist: the gist of what he said was this: good: to do a lot of good multum hanc in sententiam d¿xit: pr«sum pr«desse pr«fu¿ give it here cedo (pl: cette) (an old good: you’re a good fellow fr»g¿ es imperative; can take a direct object) grateful: I am deeply grateful to you give it to ’em! adhib¡! (pl: adhibite!) tibi gr§tiam habe« maximam (or glued: I’m glued to my books in libr¿s gr§ti§s maxim§s) haer·e« |¡re haes¿ great! eu! glum: why so glum? quid t» es tam great: that’s great! bene hercle factum! tr¿stis? ha, ha, ha! hahahae! go and see whether he has come home hand over: hand it over! cedo (pl: or not ab¿, v¿se redieritne an n«ndum cette)! (an old imperative; can take a domum direct object) go on! perge (pl: pergite) porr« hand: hand me that food porrige mihi go on: what’s going on here? quid re¿ illum cibum h¿c est? hands: to have one’s hands full go well: things are going fairly well satag·« |ere sat¡g¿ agitur satis hands: to sit on one’s hands (doing go: I don’t go for (don’t like) n¿l nothing) compress¿s manibus sed·e« mor·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (+ acc) |¡re s¡d¿ 100 Conversational Latin hang around with frequ¡ns adesse »n§ heart: to take to heart famili§riter fer« cum (+ abl) ferre tul¿ l§tus hang: you can just go and hang heaven: for heaven’s sake obsecr« [lit: yourself! ¿ d¿r¡ct¡ in maximam I pray] malam crucem! heaven: I’m in seventh heaven digit« happen: what happened? quid factum caelum atting« est? heavens above! o d¿ immort§l¡s! hard: he was hard on me in m¡ d»rus heck: who the heck are they? qu¿, erat malum, ist¿ sunt? hard: it’s hard to do, but I’ll try just heels: to take to his heels s¡ conicere in the same difficile fact» est, sed ped¡s c«n§bor nihil« s¡tius hell: I’m going to catch hell hab¡b« hard: to take this hard hoc d»rum conv¿cium accip·i« |ere acc¡p¿ hello: Terentia says hello to you harp on the same theme cantil¡nam Terentia tibi sal»tem d¿cit eandem can·« |ere cecin¿ here I am Ecce m¡ have it your way! est« ut lubet! here with it! cedo! (pl: cette!) (can take have a tough time of it vald¡ lab«r§re an accusative object, e.g.: here with have it in for s.o. alicui per¿culum that book! cedo istum librum!) d¡n»nti§re hey you, I’m talking to you! heus t», have to do: what do you have to do tibi ego d¿c«! with him? quid re¿ tibi est cum ill«? hide: to be after s.o.’s hide corium have to say: this I have to say haec alic»ius pet·« |ere pet¿v¿ habe« d¿cere hide: to risk his own hide cori« su« head: come into one’s head in buccam l»dere ven·i« |¿re v¡n¿ [lit: come into one’s hide: to save his own hide corium cheek] serv§re head: from head to foot § capite »sque hit it off: did you hit it off with them? ad calcem concord§b§sne cum ill¿s? head: to put heads together capita hit: hit s.o. for a loan fer¿re aliquem c«nfer« c«nferre contul¿ m»tu« argent« headway: we are making some hmmmmm hem headway, I hope ut sp¡r«, hogwash: that’s hogwash! quisquiliae! pr«ficimus aliquantum hold it! I won’t let you leave ast§! health: for reasons of (bad) health ab¿re hinc n«n sinam val¡t»dinis caus§ honest to god medius fidius heart: from the heart ex anim«; heart and soul t«t« pectore honestly: tell me honestly d¿c bon§ fide heart: my heart was in my throat hoot: I don’t give a hoot about him anima mihi in n§s« erat [lit: my eum flocc¿ n«n faci« breath was in my nose] how come? qu¿ istuc? Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 101 how so? qu¿dum? or quid ita? interested: I am interested in music how’s that? (what did you say?) m»sicae [dat] stude« qu¿dum? or quid iam? interested: I am interested in that id humor: to humor s.o. alicui m«rem mihi c»rae est ger« gerere gess¿ interesting: that book is interesting hurray! euax! ille liber m¡ tenet hurry! m§t»r§! (pl: m§t»r§te!) interrupt: don’t interrupt me! n«l¿ (pl: n«l¿te) mihi obloqu¿! hurry: but I’m in a hurry at proper« is that so? itane? hurry: what’s your hurry? quid itch: I’m just itching to gest·i« |¿re fest¿n§s? quidem (+ inf) I’ll be right there iam ader« jam: to be in a jam in angusti¿s vers·or idea: you’re full of ideas pl¡nus (-a) |§r¿ |§tus sum c«nsili¿ es job: good job! r¡ct¡ factum! importance: it is of the greatest job: it’s a big job but … magnum opus importance to me that … permagn¿ est sed tamen … me§ interest (+ acc & inf) joke: all joking aside ioc« rem«t« important: it is (very) important to me (you) that magn¿ (maxim¡) me§ joke: as a joke per iocum (tu§) interest (+ acc & inf) joke: now you’re joking ioc§ris nunc t» important: it’s not all that important jokingly per iocum or inter iocum tant¿ n«n est judgment: against my better impression: to make a deep judgment adversum ingenium meum impression on maxim¡ commov·e« just about (pretty well, virtually) |¡re comm«v¿ (+ acc) propemodum in: is your father in? estne pater intus? just the same (anyhow) tamen or nihil« infer: I infer from what you say that s¡tius … ex verb¿s tu¿s collig« (+ acc & keep this to yourself haec t» t¡cum inf) hab¡t« influence: to have a lot of influence keep your cool! comp¡sce mentem! with multum posse in (+ abl) keep a stiff upper lip! fac ut anim« inform: to inform s.o. about aliquem fort¿ s¿s! certi«rem facere d¡ (+ abl) keep: am I keeping you? num d¡tine« initiative: on my own initiative me§ t¡? sponte kept: what kept you? quid tenuit qu« inside: go inside! ¿ (pl: ¿te) intus! minus ven¿r¡s? intend: I intended to set out straight kick the bucket animam bull¿re for home erat mihi in anim« r¡ct§ profic¿sc¿ domum kid: don’t kid me n¡ m¡ l»d§s intentions: with the best intentions kidding: you’re kidding l»dis m¡ optim« anim« »t¡ns kill time tempus fall·« |ere fefell¿ 102 Conversational Latin knock it off! parce! (pl: parcite!) like: he said something like this haec know better: he thinks he knows fer¡ d¿xit better than I do c¡nset s¡ pl»s like: I like this hoc mihi placet sapere quam m¡ like: I like to do this m¡ iuvat hoc know for sure certum (or cert«) sci« facere sc¿re sc¿v¿ like: I’d like you to come velim (ut) know: get to know n«sc·« |ere n«v¿ veni§s n«tus like: that’s more like it propemodum know: let me know what you are est doing t» m¡ velim certi«rem faci§s, likely: it is more likely that facilius est quid ag§s ut (+ subj) know: let me know where you are likely: most likely he will come facit« ut sciam ubi s¿s proximum est ut veniat latest: today, at latest tomorrow hodi¡, line: drop me a line when you have summum cr§s time scr¿be aliquid litter§rum quand« laugh: I laughed till I cried r¿s¿ »sque vac§s ad lacrim§s line: he’s feeding you a line verba tibi lay a finger on s.o. aliquem »n« digit« iste dat atting·« |ere attig¿ line: to form a long line longum agmen lay it on the line d¿r¡ctum loquor loqu¿ fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus loc»tus sum line: to lay it on the line d¿r¡ctum lay off! d¡sine (pl: d¡sinite) tandem! loquor loqu¿ loc»tus sum leave me alone! omitte (pl: omittite) m¡ lip: keep a stiff upper lip fac, ut anim« leave it up to s.o. to … alicui mand§re fort¿ s¿s (+ subj) live it up pergraec·or |§r¿ leave no stone unturned n»ll« loc« living: to make a living quaestum d¡sum d¡esse d¡fu¿ facere or v¿ctum quaerit§re let down: to let s.o. down alicui d¡sum living: you’re living on borrowed time d¡esse d¡fu¿ d¡ lucr« v¿vis (pl: v¿vitis) let fall: d¡mitt·« |ere d¡m¿s¿ d¡missus loaded with money c«pi«s·us |a |um let me go! mitte (pl: mittite) m¡! loaf cess§re let me know facit« (pl: facit«te) ut loan: may I hit you for a loan? licet t¡ sciam m»tu« fer¿re? life and death: it’s not a question of long: it would take too long to … life or death n«n capitis r¡s agitur longum erat (+ inf) life: but such is life sed v¿ta fert; to look like: I don’t know what he (or lead the life of riley v¿tam chiam she) looks like qu§ sit faci¡, nesci« ger·« |ere gess¿ look: aha, the very person I was life: on my life! ita v¿vam! looking for Attat, quem quaer¡bam! light: to make light of in lev¿ hab·e« look: it looks that way to me ita mihi |¡re |u¿ vid¡tur Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 103 low: I am low on (e.g., paper) (charta) mean: what I mean is (in correcting a mihi d¡est misunderstanding) at enim luck: good luck! f¡l¿citer! means: by all means! maxim¡! lump s.o. together with aliquem memory: if my memory serves me acc»d·« |ere (+ dat) right, s¿ ego satis commemin¿, mad: I’m mad at you tibi susc¡nse« or memory: in memory of in memoriam ego tibi ¿r§tus sum (+ gen) mad: to be mad about (be madly in memory: to commit to memory love with) d¡per·i« |¿re |i¿ (+ acc) memoriae committ·o |ere comm¿s¿ mad: to go mad mente ali¡n§r¿ mention: I don’t want to mention him by name eum n«l« n«min§re mail: I mailed the letter yesterday mention: not to mention ut n«n (or litter§s her¿ ded¿ nihil) d¿cam d¡ (+ abl) matter: for that matter ade« mention: not to mention the fact that matter: it doesn’t matter to me nihil … ut mittam quod (+ indic) ad m¡ pertinet mention: since mention has been matter: no matter how… quamv¿s (+ made of money, quoniam subj) numm«rum menti« facta est, matter: what does that matter to me mess: geez, what a mess! eu edepol r¡s (you, us)? quid id me§ (tu§, n«b¿s) turbulent§s! r¡fert? mince: without mincing words sine matter: what on earth’s the matter? f»c« ac fall§ci¿s quidnam est? mind: he’s out of his mind ali¡n§tus matter: what’s the matter? quid est? est § s¡ or quid istuc est re¿? mind: I don’t mind if you stay, mean: do you know whom I mean? provided you’re quiet n«n lab«r« s¿ sc¿sne quem d¿cam? man¡s, modo tace§s mind: I don’t mind that … n«n c»r« mean: do you mean me? m¡ne v¿s? quod (+ indic) yes, you t¡ mind: I made up my mind not to mean: do you really mean it? ain hurry erat in anim« nihil fest¿n§re v¡r«? yes, I do ai« mind: I made up my mind to leave mean: how do you mean that? qu¿ c«nstitu¿ hinc ab¿re or certum est istuc v¿s? mihi hinc ab¿re mean: now you know what I mean mind: I really don’t mind that istuc sc¿s iam quid loquar quidem n«n molest¡ fer« ferre tul¿ mean: what do you mean? quid tibi mind: I was out of my mind when … v¿s? d¡sipi¡bam mentis cum … mean: what do you mean by that? mind: I’ve made up my mind mihi quid istuc est verb¿? certum est mean: what does this mean? quid hoc mind: if you don’t mind s¿ tibi sibi vult? molestum n«n est or s¿ tibi vid¡tur 104 Conversational Latin mind: it had not entered my mind needless to say quid quaeris? mihi in mentem n«n v¡nerat neither: that’s neither here nor there mind: it slipped my mind to write to (a matter of indifference) susque you f»git m¡ ad t¡ scr¿bere d¡que est mind: never mind! (let is pass) sine! nerve: what nerve! ø aud§ciam! (pl: sinite) news: if you happen to have any news mind: never mind what he says mitte about … s¿ quid forte nov¿ hab¡s d¡ id quod d¿cit (+ abl); if you have no news about … s¿ nihil nov¿ hab¡s d¡ (+ abl); I’ll mind: set your mind at ease hab¡ tell you when I have any news animum l¡nem et tranquillum narr§b«, cum aliquid hab¡b« nov¿ is mind: to change one’s mind mentem there any news? num quid nov¿? no m»t§re other news nihil praetere§ nov¿ mind: to have in mind to in anim« nice: it was nice of you to invite me, hab¡re (+ inf) but no, thank you bene voc§s, sed tam gr§tia est mind: to mind s.o. else’s (one’s own) business ali¡na (sua) neg«tia c»r§re nice: it wasn’t nice of you to say that n«n bell¡ f¡cist¿ qu¿ id d¿xer¿s mind: what’s on your mind? quid tibi in anim« est? nick: you’ve come in the nick of time in ips« articul« temporis adven¿s misquote: you are misquoting me m¡ ali¿s verb¿s p«nis no way! minim¡! or n»ll« mod«! mistake: by mistake impr»d¡ns, no, thanks tam gr§tia est or benign¡ perperam nonsense! n»g§s! mistake: you’re making a big mistake nonsense: cut out the nonsense omitte err§s pervers¡ or vehementer err§s n»g§s mood: to be in a good mood bonum nonsense: that’s a lot of nonsense animum hab·e« |¡re |u¿ n»gae sunt istae magnae more of this another time sed d¡ h«c nonsense: you are talking nonsense ali§s pl»ribus n»g§s garr¿s mouth: I had better keep my mouth nose: to have a good nose for these shut taceam optimum est things haec f¡st¿v¡ od«r§r¿ mouth: shut your mouth obser§ «s nose: under one’s very nose ante tuum! ocul«s my oh my! vae miser« (-ae) mihi! nosey: I don’t want to be nosey but … n«n libet c»ri«sus (-a) esse sed … naturally (of course) nempe now here’s the point nunc cogn«sce necessary: if it is necessary for you to rem stay on s¿ opus est t¡ commor§r¿ now what? quid nunc? necessary: if it is necessary for your health s¿ opus est ad val¡t»dinem nuts: he’s nuts ali¡n§tus est § s¡ need: I (you, we) need money opus est nuts: you’re nuts d¡l¿r§s mihi (tibi, n«b¿s) argent« [abl] O.K. fiat or licet Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 105

O.K.: if it’s O.K. with you, s¿ tibi pave: to pave the way to viam fac·i« vid¡tur |ere f¡c¿ factus ad (+ acc) O.K.: we’re O.K. bene hab¡mus pay: it pays to listen pretium operae est objection: I have no objection per m¡ auscult§re licet pay s.o. a visit aliquem inv¿s·« |ere |¿ obliged: I’m much obliged to you for period: I’ll not give in period n«n sending me your book f¡cist¿ mihi conc¡dam d¿x¿ pergr§tum quod librum ad m¡ m¿sist¿ pickle: to be in a pickle in angusti¿s occasion: if occasion should arise, s¿ vers·or |§r¿ |§tus sum fuerit occ§si«, pinch: in a pinch in r¡ dubi§ occur: that had never occurred to me mihi istuc numquam in mentem pity: I pity you misereor tu¿ (pl: vestr¿) v¡nerat place: this is not the place to … n«n of course sc¿licet, profect« est hic locus ut (+ subj) off: I’m off to the forum ego hinc m¡ plans: to make plans for the trip ad forum (ag«) c«nsilium cap·i« |ere c¡p¿ d¡ itinere off: where are you off to? qu« t¡ agis? play up to s.o. aliquem col·« |ere colu¿ oh boy! eu! play: stop playing games d¡siste l»d«s once I get started, I can’t stop quand« facere incipi«, d¡sinere n«n que« please s«d¡s (= s¿ aud¡s); quaes«; (very one on one: we can discuss that one informal) am§b« t¡ on one id c«ram agere possumus pleasure: with pleasure libenter ouch! oiei! plus: consider it a plus id d¡put§ esse out with it! (tell me!) cedo! (pl: cette!) in lucr« (an old imperative) point: at this point h¿c out of place: if it is not out of place, point: beside the point nihil ad rem; nisi ali¡num est, get the point? ten¡sne (pl: ten¡tisne) over: it’s all over! ×ctum est! or ‡licet! rem? get to the point! ven¿ ad rem! overwhelmed: to be overwhelmed it got to the point where e« with work obru¿, tamquam fl»ct», d¡cursum est ut (+ subj); that’s the s¿c opere main point id caput est up to this point h§ctenus; what was the point pain : stop being a pain in the neck of your writing to me? quid r¡tulit molestus (-a) n¡ s¿s t¡ mittere ad m¡ litter§s? what’s the pain: feel pain dol«re affic·ior |¿ point of that? quam ad rem istud affectus sum r¡fert? what’s your point? (what pardon: pardon me for what I said are you driving at?) qu« ¡v§dis? you ign«sce mihi, quod d¿xer« miss the point nihil ad rem pertinet particular: in particular potissimum point: but to return to the point … pass for (appear to be) prob§re pr« (+ sed ad pr«positum … abl) point: on that point h§c d¡ r¡ 106 Conversational Latin point: the point is that I no longer question: many questions are raised care about such things quod caput multa quaeruntur est, iam ista n«n c»r« question: no question, he’s at fault possible: is it really possible that … nempe in culp§ est numquid; is it really possible that question: that’s a loaded question you are telling the truth? numquid capti«sum interrog§tum est v¡ra d¿cis? question: to answer the question ad pretend: I’ll pretend I don’t know rog§tum (or interrog§tum) him dissimul§b« m¡ eum n«visse respond·e« |¡re |¿ pretend: I’ll pretend I’m leaving question: to ask a loaded question assimul§b« quasi abeam capti«s¡ interrog§re pretext: he left under the pretext that question: why do you ask such … hinc abiit quasi (+ subj) questions? c»r ista quaeris? pretty well (just about) propemodum quiet: why don’t you keep quiet? qu¿n privately: I want to speak with you t» tac¡s? privately velim t¡cum loqu¿ in racket: to raise a racket cl§m«rem pr¿v§to or in s¡cr¡t« toll·« |ere sustul¿ subl§tus problem: what’s the problem? quid est raise a rumpus turb§s dare neg«t¿? rat: I smell a rat aliquid mihi subolet promise: I am not making any definite promise nihil cert¿ polliceor rate: at any rate utique promises: to break promises pr«missa rather: do you know this fellow? hunc frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus n«vist¿? rather! facile! promises: to keep promises pr«missa reason: for various reasons mult¿s d¡ serv§re caus¿s promises: to make many promises reason: what’s the reason why … quid multa pollic·eor |¡r¿ pollicitus sum est enim, c»r … prove: this proves that … document« recall: as I recall ut mea memoria est est (+ acc & inf) red cent: I don’t owe anyone a red public: in public for¿s cent assem aer§rium n¡min¿ d¡be« pull a fast one on verba dare (+ dat) red cent: I haven’t a red cent assem aer§rium habe« n»llum pull oneself together s¡ collig·« |ere coll¡g¿ regards: give him (her) my best regards d¿cit« e¿ multam me¿s verb¿s put off: let’s put this off to another sal»tem time hanc rem in aliud tempus differ§mus remember: if I remember right, s¿ bene memin¿, put up with with s.o. aliquem perpet·ior |¿ perpessus sum reminder: as a reminder memoriae caus§ put yourself in my place fac qu¿ ego sum, esse t¡ retire in «tium ven·i« |¿re v¡n¿ vent»rus put: you’re putting it on a little thick right away continu« es p»tidiusculus right from the start in pr¿ncipi« ¿lic« Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 107 right now nunciam service: to be at s.o.’s service praest« right: that’s right s¿c est (+ dat) esse right: you have every right to … seventh heaven: to be in seventh omne f§s tibi est (+ inf) heaven in cael« esse right: you’re right bene d¿xist¿ or v¡ra shake hands dextrae iungere dextram or d¿cis dextram iungere cum aliqu« risk: at your own risk tu« per¿cul« shame on you! pr« pudor! rough guess ¿nf«rm§ta c«git§ti« shame: that’s a darn shame edepol facinus improbum round up c«g·« |ere co¡g¿ co§ctus shame: what a shame! facinus rubbish! quisquiliae! indignum! or ø rem indignam! ruckus: why are you raising such a shoes: please put yourself in my shoes ruckus? quid istum cl§m«rem tollis fac, quaes«, qu¿ ego sum, t¡ esse (pl: tollitis)? shook: all shook up vehementer run into s.o. on the street aliquem perturb§tus offend·« |ere |¿ in plat¡§ short: in short in summ§, ad summam sake: for the sake of caus§ (+ gen); for heaven’s sake obsecr« (lit: i pray); show: this shows that … indici« est (+ for your sake tu§ (pl: vestr§) caus§ acc & inf) same: it’s all the same to me me§ nihil shut up! obser§ «s tuum! interest shut: why don’t you just shut up? satisfaction: to your satisfaction ex tu§ qu¿n t» tac¡ modo? sententi§ sick and tired: I am sick and tired of satisfy: you can’t satisfy everyone n«n hearing the same thing over and potes omnibus satis facere over (m¡) pertaedet iam aud¿re eadem identidem say: so they say ita aiunt sick and tired: I am sick and tired of scared: I am scared to death the business m¡ neg«t¿ pertaedet exanim§tus (-a) met» sum silly: don’t be silly n«l¿ inept¿re score: he doesn’t know what the score is nescit quid ag§tur simply: I simply don’t know what he is thinking of iam pl§n¡ quid c«gitet scram! apage nesci« scrape: I’ll try to scrape together the situation: that’s the situation here in money c«n§bor argentum conr§dere Rome h¿c R«mae r¡s s¡ s¿c habent see that you do it facit« ut faci§s situation: you see what the situation is see: now I see (I understand) iam tene« vid¡s qu« in loc« haec r¡s sit see: I’ll see to it that … c»r§b« ut (+ skull: I’ll break your skull d¿minuam subj) … ego tibi caput self: he was not his usual self n«n fuit slip: a slip of the tongue laps·us |»s m c»ius mod¿ solet linguae serious: are you serious? s¡ri«ne d¿cis slip: it has slipped my mind memori§ t»? excidit 108 Conversational Latin slip: it slipped my mind to … f»git m¡ stick to the truth in v¡rit§te man·e« (+ inf) |¡re m§ns¿ smart: don’t talk smart to me n«l¿ stone: I will leave no stone unturned male d¿cere mihi nihil praetermittam smart: she is smart ingeni«sa est stop right there! st§ ¿lic«! snowed: to be snowed under with stop off at d¡vers§r¿ apud (+ acc) obru¿, tamquam fluct», s¿c (+ abl) stop off at s.o.’s house d¡vert·« |ere |¿ so far so good bell¡ adh»c ad aliquem so to speak ut ita d¿cam stop! ast§! so help me god! medius fidius! stop: he finally stopped talking f¿nem so: that’s not so! haud ita est loquend¿ d¡mum f¡cit sooner: no sooner said than done dict« story: to make a long story short n¡ citius or dictum factum longus sim or n¡ longam faciam speak of the devil lupus in f§bul§ straighten out a matter rem explic§re speak I’m listening loquere audi« strictly speaking propri¡ speak: well, speak up! qu¿n t» ¡loquere stroll: would you like to take a stroll? vel¿sne spati§r¿? spirit: that’s the right spirit now nunc t» fr»g¿ bonae es stuck: he is stuck on some girl or other in am«rem haeret apud nesci« splendid! euge! quam virginem splendid: absolutely splendid! nimis stuck: I’m stuck (out of ideas) haere« factum bene! suggestion: at your suggestion t¡ split one’s sides laughing ¿lia sua r¿s» auct«re dissolv·« |ere |¿ sum: to sum up ad summam or in square: this simply doesn’t square n«n summam or in summ§ s§n¡ quadrat suppose: I suppose (parenthetical) ut stand: I can’t stand him istum ferre op¿nor neque« sure: be sure to come facit« (or fac) stand: I’d like to know how matters modo ut veni§s stand velim sc¿re qu« mod« r¡s s¡ habeat sure: I am sure that certus (-a) sum (+ standing ovation: to give s.o. a acc & inf) standing ovation alicui stant¡s sure: to know for sure certum (or plau·d« |dere |s¿ cert«) sc¿re start: you’ve made a good start bene suspense: not to keep you any longer habent tibi pr¿ncipia in suspense n¡ di»tius pende§s starters: for starters pr¿ncipi« suspense: to be in suspense anim¿ step on it! m§t»r§! (pl: m§t»r§te!) pende« pend¡re pepend¿ stick to one’s guns in sententi§ st« st§re sweat: no sweat n«n lab«r« stet¿ take it easy! parce! (pl: parcite!) Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 109 take into consideration respic·i« |ere that’s it! (enough!) tantum est! respex¿ that’s right (in response to a question) take it hard that graviter fer« ferre tul¿ s¿c est (+ acc & inf) that’s so ita est take pains to in magn« neg«ti« hab·e« then and there ibi continu«; ¿lic« |¡re |u¿ (+ inf) think over reput§re take place f¿« fier¿ factus sum think s.th. over aliquid s¡cum reput§re take upon oneself (to) in s¡ c«nferre (+ inf) think: I don’t think so ego n«n put« take: here, take it accipe, em think: I think so s¿c op¿nor take: I can’t take it anymore pat¿ think: that is exactly what I think ita neque« amplius pr«rsus ex¿stim« take: I take it (parenthetical) ut op¿nor think: what do you think? quid taken in: they know that they were c¡ns¡s? taken in sciunt sibi data esse verba tie up imped·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus talk: that’s mere talk verba istaec sunt tie: to be tied up (e.g., with business) tear: I can’t tear myself away from imped·ior |¿r¿ |¿tus sum writing (from my books) in time: for the time being pr« tempore scr¿bend« (in libr¿s) haer·e« |¡re time: he’s having a good time by haes¿ himself e¿ bene est s«l¿ tenterhooks: to be on tenterhooks time: I haven’t the time haud mihi anim¿ pend·e« |¡re pepend¿ «tium est terms: I’m on good terms with in gr§ti§ sum cum (+ abl); mihi cum (+ time: I’m having a good (lousy) time abl) magna necessit»d« est mihi bene (male) est thank you (for a future favor) am§b« t¡; time: in my spare time cum tempus (for a favor done) am« t¡ subsic¿vum mihi est thank you for (+ gerund) tibi gr§ti§s time: there is no time to study n«n ag« agere ¡g¿ quod (+ indic) vacat stud¡re thank: I thank you for helping me tip: it was on the tip of the tongue erat gr§ti§s tibi ag« quod m¡ i»vist¿ in labr¿s pr¿m«ribus thankful: I am thankful to you gr§tiam to each his own cuique suum tibi habe« too bad about male (mehercule) d¡ (+ thankful: you ought to be thankful to abl) me gr§tiam habe§s mihi too bad about Marcus! male d¡ M§rc«! thanks a lot multum t¡ am« tooth and nail t«t« corpore et omnibus thanks for your gifts gr§ti§s tibi d¡ ungul¿s d«n¿s tu¿s top (surpass) super§re thanks to me (you, etc.) me§ (tu§, etc) top banana: he wants to be top oper§ banana vult s¡ esse pr¿mum omnium that’ll do sat est r¡rum 110 Conversational Latin top: at the top of one’s voice summ§ up in the air (in uncertainty) in medi« v«ce relict·us |a |um; to be up in the air (to be undecided) pende« pend¡re topsy-turvy: everything was topsy- pepend¿ turvy omnia erant s»rsum deorsum ups and downs: there are ups and track down s.th. aliquid indag§re downs modo s¿c, modo s¿c trick: is this a trick? num hoc est upset: don’t be upset n«l¿ (pl: n«l¿te) capti«? perturb§r¿ tricks: to be up to some tricks upset: that upset me istuc m¡ ipsum lasc¿v·us |a |um esse commov¡bat trouble: I’m expecting some big upsetting: that was more upsetting to trouble nesci« quod magnum malum me than to you illud mihi m§i«r¿ exspect« stomach« erat quam tibi trouble: if it is no trouble s¿ grave n«n upside down: everything was upside erit down omnia erant s»rsum deorsum trouble: more trouble amplius neg«t¿ use: it’s no use ¿licet trouble: to be in trouble lab«r§re use: what’s the use! quid opus est? trouble: to make big trouble for s.o. utter: she never uttered a word dare magnum malum alicui n»llum verbum ¡m¿sit trouble: what’s the trouble? quid illuc vein: in a similar vein ad similem mal¿ est? or quid est neg«t¿? sententiam true: that’s true r¡s ita est or ita very well (in agreement) f¿at profect« est virtually propemodum truth: to tell you the truth ut v¡rum visit: to go to visit, pay a visit to v¿s·« loquar or n¡ quid mentiar |ere |¿ |»rus try one’s best to (not to) operam d« wait a minute if you don’t mind man¡ dare ded¿ ut (n¡) (+ subj) dum nisi piget turkey: to talk turkey with lat¿n¡ wait a minute, please man¡ dum, loqu·or |¿ loc»tus sum cum (+ abl) quaes« turn out fine bell¡ cad« |ere cecid¿ want: now what do you want? quid c§s»rus nunc tibi v¿s? turn up: something will turn up, I waste one’s breath operam per·d« hope f¿et aliquid, sp¡r« |dere |did¿ uh-uh (seeing s.o. unexpectedly) attat waste: I’m wasting my time fr»str§ tempus conter« understand: do you understand now? iam ten¡s? watch out: hey you, watch out! heus t», cav¡! understand: I don’t quite understand n«n satis intelleg« way: by the way obiter Chapter XI: Useful Colloquial Expressions 111 way: he must always have his own while away the time fall·« |ere fefell¿ way semper faciendum est quod vult tempus way: I’m in a bad way mihi male est who are you? quis t» hom« es? way: if it’s not too much out of the who is he (she)? quis hom« est? way for you s¿ tibi n«n s§n¡ d¡vium erit who is it? it’s me quis hom« est? ego sum way: is that the way you help me? ist«cine pact« m¡ adiuv§s? who says so? quis hoc d¿cit factum? way: on one’s way inter vi§s whole: taken as a whole in summam way: to be on the way to iter hab¡re ad why is it that … quid est quod (+ indic) (+ acc) why not? (challenging what has been well done! factum optim¡! said) quid ita n«n?; (as an expression of assent: of course) well said! fac¡t¡ dictum! quippin¿? or quidn¿? well imm« or em or qu¿n why say more? quid pl»ra? well, well enim v¡r« why so? quid ita? or qu§propter? what (is the trouble) now? quid iam? why so? because … quid ita? quia … what about me? quid ego? why, this very day qu¿n hodi¡ what about the dough (money)? quid d¡ argent«? willy-nilly n«lens vol¡ns what do you take me for? for a fool? wise guy! impud¡ns! pr« qu« m¡ hab¡s? pr« stult«? wise guy: don’t be a wise guy n¡ s¿s what else can I do for you? quid est impud¡ns quod tibi efficere possum amplius? wonder: and no wonder nec m¿rum what for? quam ob rem?; qu§ caus§? wonder: I wonder what’s up m¿ror, what is it? (what’s the probem?) quid quid hoc sit neg«t¿ est neg«t¿? wonder: I wonder where he is ubi sit what is it? out with it! quid est? cedo! c«git« what next? quid deinde? word: I want a word with you pauc¿s what’s it to me how you … quid istuc t¡ vol« or vol« t¡ verb¿s paucul¿s ad m¡ attinet, qu«modo t» (+ subj) word: to give (break, keep) one’s what’s that? (what did you say?) quid word fidem dare (frangere, serv§re) est? word: why should I take your word what’s that to you? quid ad t¡ attinet? for it? c»r tibi cr¡dam? what’s the reason why … quid est words fail me mihi verba d¡sunt quod (+ indic) worry: don’t you worry! t» n«l¿ what’s up? quid re¿ est? sollicit§r¿! 112 Conversational Latin worse: to get worse ingrav¡sc·« |ere; to worthwhile: it is worthwhile operae turn out for the worse in p¡i«rem pretium est partem vertor vert¿ versus sum wow! (in shocked surprise) papae! worth: he’s worth a lot of money wrong: if I have done anything d¿viti§s maxim§s habet wrong, I’m sorry s¿ quid perperam worth: he’s worth nothing nihil est f¡c¿, m¡ paenitet worth: it isn’t worth it n«n est operae wrong: what’s wrong with you? quid pretium it’s not worth all that tant¿ est tibi? or quid est t¡cum? n«n est yes: I say yes you say no ego ai« t» neg§s Chapter XII: Clothing and Jewelry

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Priscilla buys clothes.

Vesti§ria Salv¡. Qu«modo tibi ministr§re Saleslady: Hello. How can I help possum? you? Pr¿scilla Salv¡. Ego stolam emere vol«. Priscilla: Hello. I want to buy a dress.

Vesti§ria Quem col«rem cupis? What color do you want? Pr¿scilla Stolam caeruleam cupi«. I want a blue dress.

Vesti§ria Cupisne quicquam aliud? Do you want anything else? Pr¿scilla Ita, p§r socc«rum cupi«. Yes, I want a pair of shoes.

Vesti§ria Cupisne emere sandalia? Do you want to buy sandals? Pr¿scilla Minim¡. Socc«s alb«s cupi«. No. I want white shoes.

Vesti§ria Hab¡mus hodi¡ vest¡s s¡ric§s We have nice silk dresses today. bell§s. Pr¿scilla Benign¡. Quant¿ haec c«nstant? No, thank you. How much do these (items) cost?

Vesti§ria Decem dollar¿s ex t«t«. Ten dollars in all. Pr¿scilla Ecce tibi decem dollar«s. Here are your ten dollars.

LEVEL II Peter buys some winter clothes. Vesti§rius Salv¡. Qu«modo tibi ministr§re Salesman: Hello. How can I help possum? you? Petrus Salv¡. Velim emere mihi aliquot Peter: Hello. I’d like to buy vest¿menta h¿berna. myself some winter clothes.

Vesti§rius Em, hab¡mus paenul§s scorte§s Well, we have leather raincoats ex Hisp§ni§. from Spain. Petrus Bene. Cupi« paenulam. Fine. I want a raincoat. Do you V¡ndit§sne digit§lia? sell gloves? 113 114 Conversational Latin

Vesti§rius Habe« digit§lia scortea et l§n§ta. I have leather and woolen gloves. Petrus D§ mihi duo paria digit§lium Give me two pairs of woolen l§n§t«rum. Ege« etiam pille« gloves. I also need a woolen l§n§t«. cap.

Vesti§rius V¿sne emere t¿bi§lia l§n§ta? Do you want to buy (some) woolen stockings? Petrus S§n¡, ege« du«bus paribus. Yes, I need two pairs.

Vesti§rius V¿sne quicquam aliud? Do you want anything else? Petrus Cingulum scorteum, s¿ praest« est. A leather belt if it’s available.

Vesti§rius Cingula semper in h§c tabern§ Belts are always available in this vesti§ri§ praest« sunt. Quot clothing store. How many belts cingula cupis? do you want? Petrus Ûnum, op¿nor, satis est. I suppose one is enough.

Vesti§rius Quamobrem eg¡s h¿s vest¿ment¿s Why do you need these winter h¿bern¿s? clothes? Petrus Quia ego iter fact»rus sum tr§ns Because I’m going to take a trip Alp¡s in Germ§niam. across the Alps to Germany.

LEVEL III Two daughters get dressed for a party. M§ter L¡da et Vanessa, v«sne par§tae Mother: Leda and Vanessa, are estis ad conv¿vium quod Mar¿a you ready for the party that agitat? Maria is throwing? L¡da M§ter, ego habe« nihil pr«rsus Leda: Mother, I have absolutely quod geram. nothing to wear.

M§ter N»g§s! Hab¡s v¡r« c¡n§t«ria Nonsense! In fact, you have very bellissima. Hab¡s enim t§l§rem pretty party clothes. You have, vestem roseam et t§l§rem you know, a pink dress, a violet vestem viol§ceam et t§l§rem dress, and a blue dress. vestem caeruleam. L¡da Ita r¡s est. At ego e§s omn¡s That’s true. But I took all of them abhinc tr¡s di¡s ad full«nicam to the laundry three days ago. attul¿. Chapter XII: Clothing and Jewelry 115

M§ter Vanessa, t» utique sat superque Vanessa, you at least have more vest¡s hab¡s. Quoad ego sci«, than enough clothes. As far as I t» hab¡s pulchr§s tunic§s know, you have beautiful long- manic§t§s et tunic§s sine sleeved and sleeveless dresses. manic¿s. D§ L¡dae »nam ex tu¿s Give Leda one of your dresses tunic¿s. Vanessa M§ter, L¡da semper vest¡s me§s Mother, Leda is always m»tu§tur. Praetere§, mea tunica borrowing my clothes. Besides, coccinea et tunica viridis sunt my deep red dress and my veter¡s et tr¿tae. green dress are old and worn out.

M§ter L¡da! Leda! L¡da Quid est? What is it?

M§ter C»r§ ut abe§s curricul« ad See to it that you take off on the full«nicam et pet§s vest¡s tu§s. double for the laundry and fetch your clothes. L¡da E¿ operam dab« extempl«, m§ter. I’ll attend to that immediately, mother.

M§ter Et t», Vanessa … And you, Vanessa … Vanessa Quid? What?

M§ter S¿ v¿s ¿re ex«rn§ta ad conv¿vium, If you want to go to the party all tibi licet ger§s me§s inaur¡s et decked out, you may wear my mon¿le gemm§tum. earrings and my necklace of precious stones. Vanessa Gr§ti§s, m§ter. Thank you, mother.

M§ter L¡da, tibi licet ger§s meam Leda, you may wear my bracelet armillam et mon¿le bacc§tum. and my pearl necklace. L¡da Papae! Qu§le conv¿vium id erit! Great! What a party that will be! 116 Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______ankle-length t§l§r·is |is |e clothing store tabern·a |ae f vesti§ria apron sublig·ar |§ris n clothing vest·is |is f, vest¿t·us |»s m, belt cingul·um |¿ n; z«n·a |ae f (wide vest¿ment·um |¿ n belt, usu. of cloth, used by men and coat paenul·a |ae f, amicul·um |¿ n women with a tunic; often used as collar coll§r·e |is n money belt) deep red coccine·us |a |um blouse p¡l»si·a |ae f dinner clothes c¡n§t«ri·a |«rum npl, boot p¡r·« |«nis m (of rawhide, synthes·is |is f reaching up to the calf, worn by peasants, shepherds, soldiers); dress s vest·is |is f muliebris; (ankle- calig·a |ae f (worn by soldiers of length) vestis t§l§ris; (Roman) stol·a lower rank) |ae f bra strophi·um |¿ n, mamill§r·e |is n dress tr indu« induere indu¿ ind»tus, vest·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tus; amic·i« bracelet armill·a |ae f (worn on the |¿re amicu¿ or amix¿ amictus; to upper arm) dress oneself, get dressed s¡ brocade s¡ric·um |¿ n aur« (or argent«) induere, s¡ vest¿re, s¡ amic¿re; to intextum (or intertextum) dress up s¡ ex«rn§re bundle up (against the cold) s¡ bene dress shoes socc·¿ |«rum mpl, soccul·¿ oper·i« |¿re |u¿ |«rum mpl (for women, of different button s globul·us |¿ m colors and often decorated with gems) button tr globul¿s string·« |ere str¿nx¿ strictus earrings inaur·¡s |ium fpl cap pille·us |¿ m embroidered (with colors) pict·us |a |um cape lacern·a |ae f emerald smaragd·us |¿ m chain catell·a |ae f evening wear c¡n§t«ri·a |«rum npl change m»t§re fabric (pattern of weaving) text·us |»s charm amul¡t·um |¿ n m (coarse crassus; sheer, thin clasp f¿bul·a |ae f tenuis; thick pinguis) cloak palli·um |¿ n (Greek item) fashion cult»s mod·us |¿ m clogs sole·ae |§rum fpl ligneae fringe fimbri·a |ae f cloth (as a fabric) text·um |¿ n; (a piece fur coat amicul·um |¿ n pellicium of cloth) pann·us |¿ m fur jacket iacc·a |ae f pellicia clothe vest·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ ¿tus garter periscelis, periscelidis f clothes vest¿ment·a |«rum npl; habit·us |»s m (outfit of a particular class or girdle stropp·¿ |«rum mpl occasion) gloves digit§l·ia |ium npl clothier (sales person in a clothing gown t§l§ris vest·is |is f; (Roman) stol·a store) vesti§ri·us |¿ m, vesti§ri·a |ae f |ae f Chapter XII: Clothing and Jewelry 117 green virid·is |is |e pallium (Greek “toga,” made of wool) handbag (of leather) p¡rul·a |ae f palli·um |¿ n; wearing a pallium cori§cea palli§t·us |a |um hat petas·us |¿ m (with broad brim) pants br§c·ae |§rum fpl hem limb·us |¿ m pattern (of weaving) text·us |»s m housecoat vest·is |is f m§t»t¿na pearl earrings margar¿tae |§rum fpl d¡pendent¡s jacket iacc·a |ae f; (of leather) iacc·a |ae f scortea; fur jacket iacca pearl necklace mon¿l·e |is n bacc§tum pellicea pink rose·us |a |um jeans br§c·ae |§rum fpl Genu¡ns¡s pleated undul§t·us |a |um jewel gemm·a |ae f pocket locul·us |¿ m laundry full«nic·a |ae f; (dirty clothes) print vest·is |is f im§ginibus impressa lavand§ri·a |«rum npl purse p¡rul·a |ae f leather adj ex cori«; (for put on indu« induere indu¿ ind»tus weatherproofing) scorte·us |a |um raincoat scorte·a |ae f; (hooded) leather s cori·um |¿ n paenul·a |ae f; (open mantle, leather raincoat scorte·a paenul·a |ae f fastened at shoulder) lacern·a |ae f (waterproof) ribbon taeni·a |ae f linen adj l¿ne·us |a |um ring §nul·us |¿ m linen s linteum |¿ n, l¿n·um |¿ n robe vest·is |is f linen cloth saban·um |¿ n safety pin f¿bul·a |ae f locket (worn by boys, of leather, silver saleslady (in a clothing store) vesti§ri·a or gold) bull·a |ae f; wearing a |ae f locket bull§t·us |a |um sandal (w. covered toes) sandali·um |¿ long-sleeved manic§t·us |a |um n; (simplest form of sandal, with the miniskirt castul·a |ae f brevissima sole fastened to feet with thongs) money belt ventr§l·e |is n, (of cloth) sole·a |ae f; (with thick leather sole, z«n·a |ae f tied with straps, characteristically worn by Greeks) crepid·a |ae f necklace torqu·¡s |is m, mon¿l·e |is n; (of precious stones) mon¿le sash z«n·a |ae f gemm§tum scarf amict«ri·um |¿ n necktie foc§l·e |is n sheer (fabrics) rall·us |a |um nightgown cam¿si·a |ae f nocturna shirt ind»si·um |¿ n outfit habit·us |»s m, synthes·is |is f shoe (worn with toga) calce·us |¿ m; overcoat superind»ment·um |¿ n (oxfords) calce¿ subt§l§r¡s; (fancy low shoe, of different colors, gold, pajamas synthes·is |is f dorm¿t«ria yellow, decorated with pearls, etc.) palla (female “toga,” worn over the socc·us |¿ m, soccul·us |¿ m; (red stola) pall·a |ae f shoes of senator) calceus mulleus m shoelace corrigi·a |ae f 118 Conversational Latin shorts sublig§cul·um |¿ n; (street wear) take off (clothes) exu« exuere exu¿ brevi«r¡s br§c·ae |§rum fpl ex»tus; (clothes, shoes, ring) d¡trah« ski boot calig·a |ae f nart§t«ria d¡trahere d¡tr§x¿ d¡tractus ski jacket iacc·a |ae f nart§t«ria toga tog·a |ae f; (bright-white toga, worn by candidates) toga candida; silk adj s¡ric·us |a |um; silk clothes (worn by men and boys after the age s¡ric·a |«rum npl of about fifteen) toga vir¿lis or p»ra; silk s s¡ric·um |¿ n (toga with purple border, worn by curule magistrates, by boys up to the skirt castul·a |ae f age of manhood, and by girls until skirt ind»cul·a |ae f; gunn·a |ae f marriage) toga praetexta; (toga sleeve manic·a |ae f embroidered with silver stars) toga picta; (toga of smooth cloth) toga sleeveless sine manic¿s r§sa slip hypoz«ni·um |¿ n topcoat superind»ment·um |¿ n slipper sole·a |ae f, socc·us |¿ m; (of trousers br§c·ae |§rum fpl felt) »d·« |«nis m try on (clothes) induend« prob§re sneakers calce·¿ |«rum mpl gymnic¿ undershirt (worn by both sexes) sole (of shoe or foot) sol·um |¿ n sub»cul·a |ae f stocking t¿bi§l·e |is n; (of felt and undress exu« exuere exu¿ ex»tus; to get covering part of the legs) imp¿li·um undressed s¡ exuere |¿ n uniform habit·us |»s m; in uniform strap (for shoe or sandal, sometimes sub«rn§t·us |a |um decorated with gems) obstr§gul·um |¿ n veil v¡l·um |¿ n street clothes for¡ns·ia |ium npl wear ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus, gest·« |§re |§v¿ |§tus; wearing a belt z«n§ style modus |¿ m; to go out of style inc¿nctus ex(s)ol¡sc·« |ere ex(s)olu¿ ex(s)ol¡tus women’s winter shoes calce§tus |»s m f¡min§rum h¿bernus suit synthes·is |is f wool l§n·a |ae f sweater th«r·§x |§cis m l§nius woolen l§n§t·us |a |um, l§ni·us |a |um swimsuit vest·is |is f balne§ris wrap amict·us |»s m swim trunks sublig·ar |§ris n balne§re wrist watch h«rologi·um |¿ bracchi§le zipper claus»r·a |ae f tractilis Chapter XIII: House and Furniture

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Cynthia tries to persuade her friend Gloria to come to her house to play.

Cynthia Gl«ria, potesne ven¿re domum Cynthia: Gloria, can you come to meam? my house? Gl«ria Quid poterimus facere ibi? Gloria: What can we do there?

Cynthia Poterimus libr«s legere in We can read books in my cubicul« me«. bedroom. Gl«ria Benign¡. Ego mult«s libr«s dom¿ No, thank you. I have many books habe«. at home.

Cynthia Fortasse poterimus coquere Maybe we can bake cookies in cr»stula in cul¿n§ nostr§. our kitchen. Gl«ria Benign¡. Ego saepe coqu« No, thank you. I often bake cr»stula in cul¿n§ me§. cookies in my kitchen.

Cynthia Rec¡ns ego compar§v¿ novum Recently I got a new puppy. Do catulum. V¿sne l»dere cum me« you want to play with my new nov« catul« in peristyli« nostr«? puppy in our courtyard? Gl«ria O, ego pr«rsus ad«r« catul«s! Oh, I absolutely adore puppies! E§mus ill»c curricul«! Let’s go there on the double!

LEVEL II A potential buyer wants to purchase a home through a real estate agent. Êmptor M«nstr§ mihi, quaes«, partem Buyer: Please, show me the interi«rem huius dom»s. interior of this home. Praedi§tor Libenter. Est v¡r« domus ¡leg§ns. Real Estate Dealer: Gladly. It is Sunt pict»rae in qu«que pariete. really an elegant home. There are pictures on every wall.

Êmptor Quot cubicula sunt in h§c dom«? How many bedrooms are there in this house? Praedi§tor Omn¿n« quattuor cubicula. Four bedrooms in all.

119 120 Conversational Latin

Êmptor Quid est in qu«que cubicul«? What is in each bedroom? Praedi§tor B¿n¿ l¡ct¿ et b¿nae cathedrae et Each bedroom has two beds and vesti§rium. two chairs and a clothes closet.

Êmptor Estne tabl¿num huic domu¿? Does this house have a study? Praedi§tor Etiam. Est profect« magna m¡nsa Yes. There is, in fact, a large oak scr¿pt«ria r«borea ibi; atque desk there; and there are sunt pl»te¿ circ§ pariet¡s omn¡s. bookshelves around all the walls.

Êmptor Habetne domus amplam cul¿nam? Does the house have a spacious kitchen? Praedi§tor Ita; est magnus cam¿nus in cul¿n§ Yes; there is a big stove in the atque f»s«rium. kitchen as well as a sink.

Êmptor Ubi est tr¿cl¿nium? Where is the dining room? Praedi§tor Tr¿cl¿nium situm est inter cul¿nam The dining room is located et balneum. Prope balneum est between the kitchen and the l§tr¿na. In balne« est solium bathroom. Near the bathroom is magnum. a toilet. There is a large bathtub in the bathroom.

Êmptor Quant¿ c«nstat haec domus? How much does this house cost? Praedi§tor C«nstat centum m¿libus It costs $100,000. dollar«rum.

Êmptor Fortasse potes mihi m«nstr§re Perhaps you can show me some domum min«rem? smaller home? Praedi§tor Possum, sed n«n in h§c regi«ne I can, but not in this section of the urbis. city.

LEVEL III Sabina tries to impress her friend Silvia with the big home her parents own. Silvia Sab¿na, habit§sne in aedibus an in Silvia: Sabina, do you live in a ¿nsul§? house or in an apartment building? Sab¿na In aedibus habit«. Magnam v¡r« Sabina: I live in a house. In fact, domum habe«. I have a large home. Chapter XIII: House and Furniture 121

Silvia Itane? Quot concl§via domus Is that so? How many rooms does habet? your home have? Sab¿na ×trium, tabl¿num, tr¿cl¿nium, An atrium, study, dining room, cul¿nam, balneum, sex cubicula, kitchen, bathroom, six perist£lium cum bell« hort«. bedrooms, and a courtyard with a nice garden.

Silvia Suntne cubicula omnia in Are all the bedrooms on the pedepl§n¿s? ground floor? Sab¿na Quattuor cubicula in pedepl§n¿s There are four bedrooms on the sunt; c¡tera in tabul§t« secund« ground floor; the rest are on sunt. Serv¿ et ancillae in the second floor. The servants tabul§t« secund« dormiunt. and maids sleep on the second floor.

Silvia S¿quidem mar¿tus tuus c«nsul est, Since your husband is a consul, conveniuntne mult¿ client¡s do many clients gather at your dom¿ tuae ad officium? home for the courtesy call? Sab¿na Ita, nam s¿c est m«s. Bene m§ne Yes, for that is the custom. Early client¡s frequentant n«n s«lum in the morning the clients pack v¡stibulum sed etiam §trium. not only the vestibule but also Deinde client¡s mar¿tum meum the atrium. Then they in forum d¡d»cunt. accompany my husband to the forum.

Silvia Man¡sne in §tri« inter officium? Do you stay in the atrium during the courtesy call? Sab¿na Minim¡ v¡r«, e« tempore ego Not at all. At that time I am busy satag« in cul¿n§ aut in in the kitchen or in the perist£li«. courtyard.

Silvia Quid facis in perist£li«? What do you do in the courtyard? Sab¿na Ego c»r« ros§s et ali§s plant§s in I look after the roses and the hort«. other plants in the garden.

Silvia Quid facis in cul¿n§? What do you do in the kitchen? Sab¿na C¡nam coqu«, quia mar¿tus meus I cook dinner, since my husband saepe vocat client¡s ad c¡nam. often invites clients to dinner. I Ego ipsa cibum adp«n« in myself serve the food in the tr¿cl¿ni«. dining room.

Silvia Sit d¿s gratia, ego in v¿llul§ r»r¿ Thank heaven I live in a little habit«! V¿ta est tam simplex farmhouse in the country! Life ibi! is so simple there! 122 Conversational Latin

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______See also the General Vocabulary for additional items. air conditioner ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n §ër¿ bench scabell·um |¿ n temperand« blanket l«d·¿x |¿cis f alarm suscit§bul·um |¿ n; the alarm blinds see Venetian blinds went off suscit§bulum sonuit; to set the alarm for (seven o’clock) bolt (on door) pessul·us |¿ m; to bolt obicem ¿nf¿g·« |ere ¿nf¿x¿ ¿nf¿xus ad the door «stium obser§re (septimam h«ram) bookcase biblioth¡c·a |ae f pariet¿ alarm clock h«rologi·um |¿ n ¿nserta suscit§t«rium bookshelf plute·us |¿ m apartment diaet·a |ae f; furnished bowl cat¿n·us |¿ m apartment diaeta omn¿ supellectile ¿nstructa broom sc«p·ae |§rum fpl apartment building ¿nsul·a |ae f bucket situl·a |ae f armchair sell·a |ae f bracchi§ta carpet tap¡t·um |¿ n atrium §tri·um |¿ n casette cas¡t·a |ae f; (for video) cas¡ta magn¡toscopica attic subt¡gul§ne·um |¿ n casette recorder cas¡toph«n·um |¿ n back door post¿c·um |¿ n ceiling t¡ct·um |¿ n; (arched or vaulted) balcony maeni§n·um |¿ n camer·a |ae f; (paneled) lac»n·ar banister adminicul·um |¿ n |§ris n barrel doli·um |¿ n, cup·a |ae f; cellar cell§ri·um |¿ n (subterraneum) (wooden barrel) ligneum v§s, v§sis n central heating calefacti·« |«nis f basement hypog¡·um |¿ n, cell§ri·um |¿ centr§lis n subterr§neum chair (normally without back or arm- bathroom balne·um |¿ n rests) sell·a |ae f; (w. rounded back) bath towel gausapin·a |ae f arciselli·um |¿ n; back of the chair arc·us |»s m sellae bathtub soli·um |¿ n, l§br·um |¿ n chandelier lampadum corymb·us |¿ m bay window pr«iect»r·a |ae f chimney f»m§ri·um |¿ n bed lect·us |¿ m; (small) lectul·us |¿ m; to go to bed cubitum ¿re; to make China fictilia Sin¡nsium v§s·a |«rum the bed lectum stern·« |ere str§v¿ npl str§tus clock h«rologi·um |¿ n; the clock keeps bed covers str§gul·a |«rum npl good time h«rologium r¡ct¡ metitur; bedding str§gul·a |«rum npl to look at the clock h«rologium ¿nspic·i« |ere ¿nspex¿; to set the bed frame spond·a |ae f clock h«rologium temper§re; to bedroom dorm¿t«rium cubicul·um |¿ n wind the clock h«rologium inten·d« bedspread opert«ri·um |¿ n, peristr«m·a |dere |d¿ int¡nsus |atis n closet arm§ri·um |¿ n pariet¿ ¿nsertum Chapter XIII: House and Furniture 123 clothes closet vesti§ri·um |¿ n pariet¿ electrical outlet capsul·a |ae f cont§ct»s ¿nsertum ¡lectric¿ clothes hook unc·us |¿ m vesti§rius electric fan m§chin·a |ae f ventigena clothes rack, coat rack sustent§cul·lum electric shaver r§s«ri·um |¿ n |¿ n v¡stium ¡lectricum couch tor·us |¿ m t«ment« fartus faucet epitoni·um |¿ n; to turn on (off) the faucet epitonium vers§re courtyard peristyli·um |¿ n (revers§re) cup p«cul·um |¿ n, p«cill·um |¿ n fireplace foc·us |¿ m curtains aulae·a |«rum npl, cort¿n·ae floor (paved) pav¿ment·um |¿ n, sol·um |§rum fpl |¿ n; ground floor pedepl§n·a |«rum desk m¡ns·a |ae f scr¿pt«ria npl; marble floor pav¿mentum (or dining couch lect·us |¿ m solum) marm«reum; mosaic floor pav¿mentum (or solum) tessel§tum; dining room tr¿cl¿ni·um |¿ n; (informal) wooden floor tabul§t·um |¿ n c¡n§ti·« |«nis f fluorescent light tubul·us |¿ m l»cifluus dish catill·us |¿ m; (open and flat) patin·a |ae f; (large) l§n·x |cis f; food processor m§chin·a |ae f dishes (including pots and pans) coqu¿n§ria v§s·a |«rum npl freezer caps·a |ae f fr¿gorifica dishwasher m§chin·a |ae f ¡l»t«ria front door ant¿c·um |¿ n door i§nu·a |ae f, «sti·um |¿ n; folding front hall v¡stibul·um |¿ n, fauc·¡s |ium doors valv·ae |§rum fpl fpl doorknob i§nuae man»bri·um |¿ n furnish a home domum supellectile ¿nstru·« |ere ¿nstrux¿ ¿nstructus doorstep l¿m·en |inis n furnish an apartment diaetam doorway «sti·um |¿ n supellectile ¿nstruere double home dom·us |»s f du§rum furniture suppell·ex |ectilis f; piece of famili§rum furniture supellectilis par·s |tis f downstairs: he is downstairs in ¿m« garden hort·us |¿ m; vegetable garden tabul§t« est; to go downstairs sc§l§s hortus (h)olit«rius d¡scend·« |ere |¿ ground floor pedepl§n·a |«rum npl drawer locul·us |¿ m guest room hospiti·um |¿ n dressing table m¡ns·a |ae f c«m§t«ria hall (large room) oec·us |¿ m dryer (for hair; for clothes) ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n sicc§t«rium hallway andr·«n |«nis m (capill«rum; vestium) home dom·us |»s f easy chair arciselli·um |¿ n t«ment« home appliance ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n fartum domesticum ¡lectricum; home electrical appliance ¡lectricum appliances ¡lectrica dom»s ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n [¿nstr»mentum »t¡nsil·ia |ium npl can be used for a single appliance or hopper l§bell·um |¿ n intimum, sell·a collectively for all the appliances] |ae f famili§rica 124 Conversational Latin house dom·us |»s f, aed·¡s |ium fpl radiator cal«ris radi§·trum |tr¿ n kitchen cul¿n·a |ae f radio radioph«n·um |¿ n; to turn on kitchen knife cult·er |r¿ m coqu¿n§ris (turn off) the radio radioph«num excit§re or accend·« |ere |¿ (exped·i« kitchen utensils ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl |¿re |i¿ |¿tus); to turn down (turn coquin§t«ria up) the radio vim radioph«n¿ ladle tr»ll·a |ae f remitt·« |ere rem¿s¿ (amplific§re) lamp lucern·a |ae f radio broadcast ¡missi·« |«nis f radioph«nica landing (on stairs) sc§l§ri·um |¿ n rain basin (in the atrium) impluvi·um laundry l§v§t«ri·um |¿ n |¿ n light l»m·en |inis (¡lectricum) n; to reading lamp lampas, lampadis f turn on (off) the light l»men l¡ct«ria accend·« |ere |¿ acc¡nsus (exped·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tus) receiver (of telephone) auscult§bul·um |¿ n light bulb globul·us |i m ¡lectricus record player discoph«n·um |¿ n linen closet arm§ri·um |¿ n linte§rium refrigerator fr¿gid§r·ium |¿ n (pariet¿ ¿nsertum) roof tile t¡gul·a |ae f living room sess«ri·um |¿ n, synoeci·um |¿ n roof t¡ct·um |¿ n mattress culcit·a |ae f; air mattress room cubicul·um |¿ n, concl§v·e |is n; culcita ¿nfl§tilis (small room) cell·a |ae f microwave oven furn·us |¿ m und§rum room with bath (shower) cubicul·um |¿ brevium n balne« (balne« pluvi«) ¿nstructum night table m¡nsul·a |ae f cubicul§ris row home aed·¡s |ium fpl seri§l¡s oven furn·us |¿ m rug tap¡t·e |is n pantry cell·a |ae f p¡n§ria salt shaker sal¿n·um |¿ n peristyle peristyli·um |¿ n saucer pater·a |ae f pillow cerv¿c·al |§lis n section (of a city) regi·« |«nis f pillow case cerv¿c§lis tegim·en |inis n sew su·« |ere |¿ s»tus pipe fistul·a |ae f aqu§ria sewing machine m§chin·a |ae f s»t«ria pitcher urce·us |¿ m sheet str§gul·um |¿ n linteum shower balneol·um |¿ n pluvium; to plate patin·a |ae f take a shower balneol« pluvi« »tor plug spin·a |ae f cont§ct»s ¡lectric¿ »t¿ »sus sum plug in adnect·« |ere adnexu¿ adnexus shower curtain aulae·um |¿ n balneol¿ porch pergul·a |ae f pluvi¿ portico portic·us |»s f shower door for·¡s |um fpl balneol¿ pluvi¿ pot (ceramic) oll·a |ae f; (of metal) a(h)¡n·um |¿ n; pots and pans v§s·a shrine sacr§ri·um |¿ n |«rum npl coqu¿n§ria shutter foricul·a |ae f Chapter XIII: House and Furniture 125 silverware argente·a |«rum npl esc§ria towel gausapin·a |ae f; bath towel sink (in a bathroom) l§bell·um |¿ n; (in gausapina balne§ria; hand towel a kitchen) fus«ri·um |¿ n manutergi·um |¿ n tray fercul·um |¿ n sitting room exedr·a |ae f, sess«ri·um |¿ n TV room concl§v·e |is n telev¿s«ri« ¿nstructum skylight compluvi·um |¿ n upstairs: the upstairs dom·us |»s f sofa tor·us |¿ m t«ment« fartus superior; to go upstairs sc§l§s stairs sc§l·ae |§rum fpl ascend·« |ere |¿ steps grad·»s |uum mpl upstairs bedroom cubicul·um |¿ n stereo stereoph«n·um |¿ n superius vacuum cleaner pulveris haur¿t«ri·um stool scabell·um |¿ n; (for sitting or |¿ n mounting) scamn·um |¿ n VCR videoexcept«ri·um |¿ n storeroom cell·a |ae f vegetable garden hort·us |¿ m holit«rius story tabul§t·um |¿ n Venetian blinds tr§nsenn·a |ae f stove focul·us |¿ m; electric (gas) stove vol»bilis; to close (open, let down, foculus ¡lectricus (gaseus) raise) the blinds tr§nsennam study (room) studiol·um |¿ n; (in a clau·d·« |dere |s¿ |sus (aper·i« |¿re Roman home) tabl¿n·um |¿ n |u¿, d¡mitt·« |ere d¡m¿s¿ d¡missus, subvolv·« |ere |¿) sugar bowl v§scul·um |¿ n sacchar¿ suite (of rooms) diaet·a |ae f [NOTE 1. The most common Latin word f; table m¡ns·a |ae to set the table for “room” is cubiculum, or, for a m¡nsam p«n·« |ere posu¿ positus smaller room, cella. Cubiculum tablecloth mant¡l·e |is n very frequently means “bedroom.” tableware ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl To avoid ambiguity where the esc§ria context did not make it clear, the Romans used dorm¿t«rium tape recorder magn¡toph«n·um |¿ n, cubiculum or simply dorm¿t«rium cas¡toph«n·um |¿ n to designate a “bedroom.” telephone t¡leph«n·um |¿ n (see Chapter IV on Daily Activities) NOTE 2. I§nua and «stium both mean television (set) t¡lev¿s«ri·um |¿ n (see “door” and are often used Chapter V on Sports and Other interchangeably, but «stium also Leisure Activities) means “doorway.” A i§nua often had two panels, called for¡s or television screen quadr·um |¿ n valvae. t¡lev¿sificum toaster tostr·um |¿ n NOTE 3. The common Latin word for toilet l§tr¿n·a |ae f; (public) foric·a |ae f “house” is aed·¡s |ium fpl; domus is toilet bowl l§bell·um |¿ n intimum, normally used to designate an lasan·um |¿ n upscale home. The declension of 126 Conversational Latin

domus is partly of the fourth and Prepositions are used with domum partly of the second declension. In when modified by an adjective, e.g., the following paradigm, the more domum meam or in domum meam. common form is given first: The preposition apud (w. acc of the SINGULAR PLURAL pronoun) is often used in place of the locative, e.g., apud m¡ at my home, NOM domus dom»s apud eum at his house; ad m¡ “to GEN dom»s dom«rum my house” is used at times in place (domuum) of domum as the accusative. The locative dom¿ “at home” takes the DAT dom« domibus possessive pronominal adjective in (domu¿) the genitive, e.g., dom¿ suae “at his ACC domum dom«s (dom»s) own home,” meae dom¿ “at my ABL dom« domibus home.”] LOC dom¿ Chapter XIV: Buying and Selling

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Lydia explains to Diane why she bought new clothes.

Di§na L£dia, ub¿ terr§rum illam stolam Diane: Lydia, where on earth did bellam ¡mist¿? you buy that pretty dress? L£dia In tabern§ vesti§ri§ in Vi§ L§t§. Lydia: In the clothing store on Broad Street.

Di§na Quant¿ c«nst§bat? How much did it cost? L£dia Perc§ra erat. Tr¿gint§ dollar¿s It was very expensive. It cost c«nst§bat. thirty dollars.

Di§na Et hab¡s nov«s socc«s. And you have new dress shoes. L£dia Ita. Etiam inaur¡s et mon¿le Yes. Also earrings and a gold aureum. necklace.

Di§na D¿c mihi, c»r haec vest¿menta Tell me, why did you buy these nova ¡mist¿? new clothes? L£dia Quia meus am§ns novus m¡ ad Because my new boyfriend invited salt§ti«nem schol§rem inv¿t§vit. me to the school dance.

Di§na Ego quoque salt§ti«n¿ interer«. I, too, will attend the dance. And Itaque d¡s¿der§b« novam so I’ll need a new dress. stolam. L£dia Vid¡b« t¡ apud salt§ti«nem, ut I’ll see you at the dance, I hope. sp¡r«. Bene val¡! Bye!

Di§na Bene val¡! Abe« curricul« ad Bye! I’m taking off on the double Viam L§tam. for Broad Street.

127 128 Conversational Latin

LEVEL II Sulpicia explains why she is going shopping. Aulus Qu« hinc ab¿s, Sulpicia? Aulus: Where are you off to, Sulpicia? Sulpicia Ad macellum in Sub»ram. Sulpicia: To the market in the Subura.

Aulus Obs«n§t»ra es iterum? You’re going shopping again? Sulpicia Quidn¿? Placet mihi obs«n§re. Why not? I like to shop.

Aulus Quid cupis emere? What do you want to buy? Sulpicia Multa, s¿ ann«na in macell« n«n Many things, if the price of food nimia est. at the market is not too high.

Aulus Et s¿ ann«na n«n c§ra est? And if the price of food is not high? Sulpicia Obs«n§b« p«ma, holera, c§seum, I’ll shop for fruit, vegetables, b»bulam, cupp¡dia. cheese, beef, and pastries.

Aulus C»r, malum, tot merc¡s Why the devil are you going to obs«n§bis? buy so many items? Sulpicia Quia cr§s est n§t§lis di¡s amantis Because tomorrow is my me¿. Agit§b« conv¿vium pr« e«. boyfriend’s birthday. I’m going to throw him a party.

Aulus Em¡sne etiam novam stolam ad Will you also buy a new gown for conv¿vium? the party? Sulpicia Cert¡. Sed n«n in macell«. Certainly. But not in the market. Taberna vesti§ria autem n«n The clothing store, however, is procul illinc est. not far from there.

Aulus Qu¿n, ego quoque novam togam Well, I, too, am going to buy a emam, s¿ t» m¡ inv¿t§bis. new toga, if you invite me. Sulpicia Inv¿t§b«, profect«, t¡. Val¡ in Of course I’ll invite you. So long cr§stinum. till tomorrow.

LEVEL III A storekeeper makes a sale. Tabern§rius Qu«modo possum t¡ iuv§re? Storekeeper: How can I help you? Êmptor Numquam ante§ fu¿ in Sub»ra. Customer: I’ve never been in the Sub»ra vid¡tur esse pl¡na Subura before. The Subura praestantium tabern§rum. seems to be full of fine shops. Chapter XIV: Buying and Selling 129

Tabern§rius Ut vid¡s, sunt quidem multae As you see, there indeed are many tabernae in h«c loc«: taberna stores around here: a clothing vesti§ria, taberna chart§ria, store, a stationery store, a taberna libr§ria, medic§- bookstore, a drugstore. What do ment§ria. Quid v¿s ¿nspicere? you wish to look at? Êmptor Estne quoque taberna ferr§ria? Is there also a hardware store? Et taberna v¿n§ria? And a wine shop?

Tabern§rius S§n¡; etiam lani¡na et cupp¡d« Yes. Also a butcher shop and a et p¿str¿na. Quidquid cupis, id pastry shop and a bakery. You in h«c loc« emere potes. can buy whatever you wish around here. Êmptor Suntne merc¡s in h¿s tabern¿s Is the merchandise expensive in c§rae? these shops?

Tabern§rius Ut alib¿, aliae merc¡s sunt As elsewhere, some items are c§rae, aliae sunt v¿l¡s. In h§c expensive, others are cheap. In tabern§ ego v¡ndit« statu§s this shop I sell statues from extr¿nsec§s. abroad. Êmptor Quant¿ c«nstat haec im§g« How much does this bust of Venus Veneris? cost?

Tabern§rius Est c§rissima. Ut vid¡re potes, It’s very expensive. As you can »sque ¡ Graeci§ v¡nit. see, it came all the way from Quadr§gint§ d¡n§ri¿s c«nstat. Greece. It costs forty denarii. Êmptor N«n possum d¡numer§re tibi I cannot pay you the money in argentum praesent§rium. cash.

Tabern§rius N«l¿ sollicit§r¿. Bon§ fid¡ es. Don’t worry. Your credit is good. Potes dare mihi hodi¡ v¿gint¿ You can give me twenty denarii d¡n§ri«s arrab«n¿. today as a down payment. Êmptor Bene. Ceter«s numm«s ad diem Fine. I’ll pay you the rest of the dictam solvam. money on time.

Tabern§rius Quot d¡n§ri«s potes mihi How may denarii can you pay me solvere hodi¡? today? Êmptor Ego v¿gint¿ s«lum d¡n§ri«s I have only twenty denarii with m¡cum habe«. me.

Tabern§rius Id mihi placet. Qu«modo solv¡s That’s fine with me. How will you quod reliquum est? pay the rest? Êmptor S¿ lic¡bit, du§bus p¡nsi«nibus If I may, I’ll pay it off in two persolvam. installments. 130 Conversational Latin

Tabern§rius Prob¡! Mihi cr¡de, bene emis Fine! Believe me, you are buying hanc im§ginem. Ecquid this statue at a bargain. Do you placet? like it? Êmptor Imm« edepol v¡r« perplacet. Heavens, yes. I really like it a lot.

Tabern§rius Gr§ti§s! Et nunc, s¿s, potes Thanks. And now, if you wish, you v¿sere alter§s tabern§s in can go to see the other shops in Sub»r§. the Subura. Êmptor V¿sam profect«. Val¡! I will indeed. Goodbye!

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______advertise pr«scr¿b·« |ere pr«scr¿ps¿ (parv¿, gr§t¿s, pl»ris, min«ris) pr«scr¿ptus c«nst§re ask the price of an item mercis pretium cost s imp¡ns·a |ae f inqu¿r·« |ere inqu¿s¿v¿ inqu¿s¿tus credit (com) fid·¡s |e¿ f; to buy on bargain preti·um |¿ n speci§le credit fid¡ su§ emere; pec»ni§ haud be sold, be up for sale v¡n·e« |¿re |i¿ praesent§ri§ emere; to have good credit bon§ fid¡ esse bookstore libr§ri·a |ae f customer ¡mpt·or |«ris m, ¡mptr·¿x business district empori·um |¿ n |¿cis f butcher lani·us |¿ m deal mercim«ni·um |¿ n butcher shop lani¡na |ae f dealer merc·§ns |antis mf, merc§t·or buy par§re; em·« |ere ¡m¿ ¡mptus |«ris m, merc§tr·¿x |¿cis f (from s.o. d¡ aliqu«); to buy at a debt aes, aeris n ali¡num; this has put bargain bene emere me in debt hoc mihi aes ali¡num buyer ¡mpt·or |«ris m, ¡mptr·¿x |¿cis f attulit cash argent·um |¿ n present§rium; to denarius d¡n§ri·us |¿ m (worth about pay $10 in cash for d¡numer§re one dollar) decem dollar«s praesent§ri«s pr« (+ discount remissi·« |«nis f; five- (ten- abl) twenty-) percent discount quin§rum cent cent¡sim·a |ae f (d¡n§rum, vic¡sim§rum) cheap v¿l·is |is |e cent¡sim§rum remissi« cheaply parv« or v¿l¿ preti«; more dollar dollar·us |¿ m cheaply min«ris preti¿ down payment arrab·« |«nis f; to make check syngraph·a |ae f; to write a a down payment of $20 (or to pay check for syngrapham (+ gen) $20 down) v¿gint¿ dollar«s arrab«n¿ perscr¿b·« |ere perscr¿ps¿ perscr¿ptus dare clerk tabern§ri·us |¿ m, tabern§ri·a |ae f drugstore medic§ment§ri·a |ae f clothing store tabern·a |ae f vesti§ria expensive c§r·us |a |um; very cost intr c«nst·« |§re |it¿; to cost a lot expensive perc§rus (little, nothing, more, less) mult¿ flea market for·um |¿ n r¡rum v¡n§lium Chapter XIV: Buying and Selling 131 go for: at what price do these items go purchase s ¡mpt·um |¿ n for? quibus preti¿s hae merc¡s purchase tr merc·or |§r¿ |§tus sum v¡neunt? purchasing ¡mpti·« |«nis f groceries obs«ni·a |«rum npl receipt apoch·a |ae f grocery store macell·um |¿ n run a business neg«tium exerc·e« |¡re hardware store tabern·a |ae f ferr§ria |u¿ |itus; to run a shop tabernam how much did you sell it for? quant¿ exerc¡re hoc v¡nit?; how much is this? sale v¡nditi·« |«nis f; for sale, on sale quant¿ hoc c«nstat? v¡n§lici·us |a |um, v¡n§l·is |is |e; to installment p¡nsi·« |«nis f; to pay in put up for sale v¡num d« dare d¡d¿ five installments qu¿nque datus p¡nsi«nibus solv·« |ere |¿ sol»tus sell v¡nd·« |ere v¡ndid¿ v¡nditus; (of a item of merchandise merx, mercis f merchant) v¡ndit§re mall for·um |¿ n subt¡gul§neum seller v¡ndit·or |«ris m, v¡nditr·¿x |¿cis f market merc§t·us |»s m, macell·um |¿ n set a price pretium fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ marketable v¡ndibil·is |is |e factus or statu·« |ere |¿ stat»tus marketplace merc§t·us |»s m, for·um shoe store tabern·a |ae f s»tr¿na |¿ n shop, store tabern·a |ae f merchandise v¡n§lici·a |«rum npl, shop intr (at a grocery store) obs«n§re; merc·¡s |ium fpl to shop for em« emere ¡m¿ ¡mptus; money pec»ni·a |ae f, argent·um |¿ n, obs«n§re (groceries) numm·¿ |«rum mpl shopkeeper tabern§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) pastries cupp¡di·a |«rum npl shopping ¡mpti·« |«nis f; (for pastry baker cupp¡din§ri·us |¿ m (·a groceries) obs«n§t·us |»s m; to go |ae f) shopping ¡mptum ¿re; (for groceries) obs«n§tum ¿re pastry shop cupp¡d·« |inis f shopper ¡mpt·or |«ris m; (for pay solv·« |ere |¿ sol»tus; to pay s.o. groceries) obs«n§t·or |«ris m, $20 for d¡numer§re alicu¿ v¿gint¿ obs«n§tr·¿x |¿cis f dollar«s pr« (+ abl); to pay off a debt debitum persolvere; to pay on small change nummul·¿ |«rum mpl time ad tempus or ad diem dictam stationery r¡s, r¡rum fpl chart§riae solvere; to pay out (money) to stationery store tabern·a |ae f chart§ria d¡numer§re (numm«s) (+ dat) store tabern·a |ae f percent cent¡sim·a |ae f supermarket super¿nstit«ri·um |i n pound l¿br·a |ae f; per pound in l¿br§s trade merc§t»r·a |ae f price preti·um |¿ n; at a high (low, very valuable: to be valuable pretium low, exorbitant) price magn« hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus (parv«, minim«, nimi«); higher price pretium amplius; to set a price wares merc·¡s |ium fpl pretium facere; the price for it is 10 wholesale magn§ri·us |a |um denarii per pound pretium e¿ in wholesaler neg«ti§t·or |«ris m libr§s est decem d¡n§ri¿s; the price magn§rius of food ann«n·a |ae f Chapter XV: The Weather

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I A boy and a girl in Rome contrast the weather of Rome with that of Switzerland.

Puer R«m§nus Est fr¿gidum hodi¡. Roman Boy: It’s cold today. Puella Helv¡tia Fr¿gidumne? Qu«modo id Swiss Girl: Cold? How can you d¿cere potes? say that?

Puer Quia ego alge«. Because I feel cold. Puella At s«l l»cet et ventulus m¿tis flat. But the sun is shining and a Pr«rsus, est di¡s bellus et gentle breeze is blowing. All in tepidus. all, it is a nice warm day.

Puer Haec d¿cis, quia tempest§s in You say that because the weather Helv¡ti§ semper fr¿gida est. is always cold in Switzerland. Nihil hab¡s in Alpibus praeter You have nothing in the Alps nivem et glaciem. but snow and ice. Puella Parum v¡rum est! Est«; hiem¡s in That’s not quite true. Granted, the Alpibus sunt longae. Sed winters are long in the Alps. tempest§s ibi aest§te est But the weather there in bellissima. summer is very nice.

Puer H¿c hiems est pluvia, et di¡s Here the winter is rainy and the aest§te sunt calidissim¿. days in summer are very hot. Puella Sed h¿c R«mae neque grandinat But here in Rome it neither hails neque ningit. Agedum, e§mus nor snows. Come on, then, let’s for§s l»sum. Mox t» n«n iam go play outside. Soon you will algebis. no longer be cold.

Puer V¡ra d¿cis. Iam disser¡nat. You’re right. The weather is already clearing up.

132 Chapter XV: The Weather 133

LEVEL II Martha explains to her teacher how the weather kept her from going to school. Magistra C»r n«n in scholam her¿ v¡nist¿? Teacher: Why didn’t you come to school yesterday? Martha Propter procellam. Martha: Because of the storm.

Magistra Quid accidit? What happened? Martha M§t»t¿num quidem erat ser¡num, The early morning was fair all sed subit« Aquil« perfl§re right, but suddenly the north inc¡pit. Imber cadere inc¡pit. wind began to blow hard. Rain began to fall.

Magistra Er§sne adh»c dom¿ e« tempore? Were you still at home at that time? Martha Modo disc¡d¡bam dom«. Mox I was just leaving home. Soon it vehementissim¡ pluit. Imber rained very hard. In fact, the v¡r« urce§tim cad¡bat. rain came down in buckets.

Magistra Er§sne form¿dol«sa? Were you afraid? Martha Ita. Ict»s fulminis et tonitrus m¡ Yes. The bolts of lightning and terr¡bant. Vent¿ arbor¡s thunder frightened me. The d¡i¡c¡runt tr§ns vi§s. Vix winds knocked down trees poteram vid¡re qu« ¿rem. across the streets. I could scarcely see where I was going.

Magistra Quid deinceps f¡cist¿? What did you do then? Martha C«nstitu¿ ¿lic« domum red¿re, ubi I decided on the spot to return m§ter m¡ anxia exspect§bat. home where my mother was waiting anxiously for me.

Magistra Sapienter d¡cr¡vist¿. You made a wise decision.

LEVEL III The weather of Rome and Switzerland is again debated. Caecilius Qu§lis tempest§s tibi potissimum Cecil: What kind of weather do placet? you like best? Sonja Caelum tepidum mihi potissimum Sonja: I like warm weather best. placet. In Alpibus nix per In the Alps the snow lasts m§i«rem partem ann¿ perd»rat. through most of the year. 134 Conversational Latin

Caecilius Quid ibi facis cum ningit? What do you do there when it snows? Sonja Postquam n¿nxit, in nive l»dimus. After it has snowed, we play in Interdum pil§s nivis inter n«s the snow. Sometimes we throw conicimus. Interdum virum snowballs at one another. nivis facimus. Interdum d¡ colle Sometimes we build a trahe§ l§bimur. snowman. Sometimes we slide down the hill on a sled.

Caecilius Quam tibi invide«! Ego numquam How I envy you! I have never nivem v¿d¿. M§ter tamen mihi seen snow. However, my d¡ nive et grandine et glaci¡ Mother told me about snow and n§rr§bat. hail and ice. Sonja Numquam v¿dist¿ st¿ri§s d¡ t¡ct¿s You never saw icicles hanging d¡pendent¡s? from a roof?

Caecilius Ego tantummodo im§gin§r¿ I can only imagine icicles hanging possum st¿ri§s d¡ t¡ct¿s from the roofs and the roofs of d¡pendent¡s et t¡cta domuum houses covered with soft snow. nive moll¿ obducta. Sonja At cum Aquil« perflat et ningit et But in the Alps, when the north grandinat in Alpibus, v¿ta potest wind blows and it snows and esse d»ra in Helv¡ti§. Itaque hails, life can be tough in praefer« tempest§tem tepidam Switzerland. And so I prefer the R«mae. Ibi saltem numquam warm climate of Rome. At least algeam. there I would never feel cold.

Caecilius Mihi cr¡de, v¿vere sub aestu«s« Believe me, living in a sultry cael« null« mod« ros§rium est! climate is by no means a bed of Hab¡mus aest§t¡s aestu«s§s. roses! We have sweltering summers. Sonja T» saltem n«n gel§ris. Potes You at least do not freeze. You l»dere for¿s singul¿s di¡bus. can play outdoors every day.

Caecilius At quis, malum, potest l»dere in But who the devil can play in such tam aestu«s§ tempest§te? sweltering weather? We sweat S»d§mus et s»d§mus. Et and sweat. And the flies and muscae culic¡sque sunt mosquitoes are a big pain in the molestissim¿. neck. Sonja Pacti«nem faci§mus. T» in Let’s make a deal. You move to Helv¡tiam migr§ et ego R«mam Switzerland, and I’ll move to migr§b«. Itaque uterque Rome. Then both of us will be nostrum contentus erit. satisfied. Chapter XV: The Weather 135

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______Note: Expressions such as it is hot, etc., cold weather gel·u |»s n can be expressed as calidum est cover up (against the cold) oper·i« |¿re (used impersonally, or with caelum = |u¿ |tus weather understood) or calida est (with tempest§s understood). dark adj obsc»r·us |a |um; as soon as it got dark pr¿m¿s tenebr¿s dark s: after dark d¡ nocte; in the bad (weather) advers·us |a |um, grav·is |is |e dark per obsc»rum; sine l»mine barometer barometr·um |¿ n darkness tenebr·ae |§rum fpl; darkness had suddenly come tenebrae factae blast fl§t·us |»s m sunt repent¡ blow fl§re; to blow hard perfl§re degree grad·us |»s m bolt of lightning ict·us |»s m fulminis dew r«s, r«ris m breeze ventul·us |¿ m, aur·a |ae f drizzle s pluvi·a |ae f r§ra et min»ta bright ser¡n·us |a |um drizzle intr l¡niter pluit pluere pluit bucket: to come down in buckets drop (e.g., of rain) gutt·a |ae f »rce§tim cad·« |ere cecid¿ c§s»rus; to rain buckets »rce§tim pluere east wind Eur·us |¿ m changing (weather) vari·us |a |um fair ser¡n·us |a |um chilly fr¿gidul·us |a |um fall s autumn·us |¿ m clear ser¡n·us |a |um, s»d·us |a |um favorable (wind) secund·us |a |um clear up disser¡n§re fine (weather) ser¡n·us |a |um; fine climate cael·um |¿ n weather ser¡nit·§s |§tis f cloud n»b·¡s |is f flash of lightning fulg·ur |uris n cloudless s»d·us |a |um fog nebul·a |ae f cloudy n»bil«s·us |a |um; to become foggy nebul«s·us |a |um cloudy n»bil§re freeze tr gel§re ¶ intr gel§r¿ cold s fr¿g·us |oris n, gel·» |»s n; to freezing gelid·us |a |um catch a cold grav¡dinem con·trah« |trahere traxi tractus; to have a cold frost pru¿n·a |ae f grav¡dine labor§re frosty pru¿n«s·us |a |um cold adj (the most general word, frozen rig·¡ns |entis applied to all degrees from pleasant gale procell·a |ae f coolness to severe cold) fr¿gid·us |a |um; gelid·us |a |um; liable to get glisten nit·e« |¡re |u¿ cold alsi«s·us |a |um; to feel cold good (weather) ser¡n·us |a |um alge« alg¡re als¿; to get cold alg¡sc·« |ere; to turn cold fr¿g¡sc·« hail s grand·« |inis f |ere fr¿x¿ hail impers v grandin·at |§re cold spell fr¿gor·a |um npl hailstorms grandin·¡s |um fpl 136 Conversational Latin hot (of a person, sun, water, bath, day) scorching (heat, sun) flagrantissimus calid·us |a |um (opp: fr¿gid·us |a (s«l, s«lis m,. aest·us |»s m) |um); it is hot calidum est; to shifting (wind, weather) vari·us |a |um become hot cal¡sc·« |ere; to be hot cal·e« |¡re |u¿; to be uncomfortably shine l»c·e« |¡re l»x¿; to shine on hot aestu§re ill»c·e« |¡re ill»x¿ (+ dat) hot weather aest·us |»s m shower im·ber |bris m hurricane t£ph·«n |«nis m sky cael·um |¿ n ice glaci·¡s |¡¿ f; to turn to ice glaci§r¿ sleet im·ber |bris m grandine m¿xtus icicle st¿ri·a |ae f slippery l»bric·us |a |um icy glaci§l·is |is |e sloppy (weather) spurc·us |a |um lightning s fulm·en |inis n snow nix, nivis f covered with snow nive·us |a |um lightning: it is lightning fulget fulg¡re fulsit, fulgur·at |§re |§vit snow impers v ningit ningere n¿nxit lousy (weather) spurc·us |a |um snowball pil·a |ae f nivis melt tr dissol·v« |vere |v¿ |»tus ¶ intr snowdrift ningu·is |is f liqu¡sc·« |ere snowfall nivis c§s·us |»s m mild m¿t·is |is |e snowstorm ning·or |«ris m mist nebul·a |ae f snowy niv«s·us |a |um, niv§l·is |is |e misty nebul«s·us |a |um south wind Aus·ter |tr¿ m muggy aestu«s·us |a |um spring v¡r, v¡ris n nice bell·us |a |um storm tempest·§s |§tis f; procell·a |ae f; north wind Aquil·« |«nis m a storm arose tempest§s coorta est open: in the open (air) sub d¿v« stormy procell«s·us |a |um, overcast n»bil«s·us |a |um, n»bil·us |a turbulent·us |a |um |um; to become overcast n»bil§re summer aest·§s |§tis f partly partim; it is partly cloudy sun s«l, s«lis m; full sun pl»rimus s«l (sunny) today (caelum) hodi¡ est sunny apr¿c·us |a |um partim n»bil«sum (apr¿cum) sunshine s«l, s«lis m rain impers v pluit pluere pluit; to rain hard vehementer (or multum) pluere sultry aestu«s·us |a |um rain s pluvi·a |ae f, im·ber |bris m; sweltering aestu«s·us |a |um heavy, steady rain magn¿ et adsidu¿ temperature temper§t»r·a |ae f; the imbr¡s; the rain is letting up imber temperature fell below thirty-two d¡t»m¡scit; it looks like rain vid¡tur degrees temper§t»ra l§psa est subter quasi pluat du«s et tr¿gint§ grad»s; what is the rainbow arc·us |»s m caelestis, pluvius temperature? qu« grad» stat arcus temper§t»ra? rain cloud nimb·us |¿ m thermometer thermometr·um |¿ n rainy pluvi·us |a |um thunder s tonitr·us |»s m Chapter XV: The Weather 137 thunder impers v tonat ton§re tonuit west wind Zephyr·us |¿ m thunderbolt fulm·en |inis n wind vent·us |¿ m; head wind ventus tide aest·us |»s m; high tide aest»s adversus; tail wind ventus secundus; access·us |»s m; low tide aest»s the wind is dying down ventus recess·us |»s m d¡tum¡scit; the wind is picking up ventus increbr¡scit tornado turb·« |inis m wind storm procell·a |ae f warm tepid·us |a |um; it is getting warm tep¡scit windy vent«s·us |a |um weather (good or bad) tempest·§s |§tis winter hiem·s |is f; at the end of f, cael·um |¿ n; depending on the winter hieme exeunte; because of weather ut di¡s su§det; kinds of the severity of the winter propter weather tempest§t¡s; owing to hiemis magnit»dinem changes in the weather propter zero zer·um |¿ n cael¿ variet§t¡s weather conditions tempest§t·¡s |um fpl Chapter XVI: Animals

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I A visit to the zoo.

Barbara Salv¡, David. Unde ven¿s? Barbara: Hello, David. Where are you coming from? David Modo v¿v§rium v¿s¡bam. David: I was just visiting the zoo.

Barbara Qu§s fer§s ibi v¿dist¿? What wild animals did you see there? David Panth¡r§s et le«n¡s et elephant«s Panthers, lions, elephants, tigers, et tigr¡s et zebr§s. and zebras.

Barbara N«nne fremit»s fer§rum t¡ The roars of the wild animals terru¡runt? scared you, didn’t they? David Minim¡, hercle. Omn¡s enim Heavens, no! You see, all the wild ferae in claustr¿s cohibentur. animals are kept in cages.

Barbara Quod animal t¡ potissimum What animal did you like best? d¡lect§vit? David S¿mi¿. The monkeys.

Barbara Quam ob rem? Why? David Tam ioc«s¿ sunt, quod s¡ gerunt They are so funny because they paene quasi homin¡s. behave almost like human beings.

Barbara V¿dist¿ne etiam crocod¿l«s et Did you also see the crocodiles str»thiocam¡l«s et rh¿nocer«t¡s? and ostriches and rhinoceroses? David E¿ quidem in v¿v§ri« sunt, sed e«s They’re in the zoo all right, but I n«n v¿d¿. didn’t see them.

Barbara Itaque c»r e«s n«n v¿sist¿? Then why didn’t you go see them? David øtium mihi n«n erat ad omn¡s I didn’t have the time to visit all fer§s v¿send§s. the wild animals.

Barbara V¿dist¿ne dinosaur«s? Did you see (any) dinosaurs? David T» s§n¡ ioc§ris! You must be kidding! 138 Chapter XVI: Animals 139

LEVEL II A visit to a pet shop. Gr§tia Salv¡. Velim d¡lici§s emere. Grace: Hello. I’d like to buy a pet. C«ci« Euge! Habe« omnis generis Dealer: Great! I have every kind d¡lici§s v¡n§l¡s. of pet for sale.

Gr§tia Ita vide«. So I see. C«ci« V¿sne emere catellum vel f¡lem Do you want to buy a puppy or a vel cun¿culum? cat or a rabbit?

Gr§tia Minim¡, iam mihi est catellus et No, I already have a puppy, cat, f¡lis et cun¿culus. Quant¿ and rabbit. How much does that c«nstat ille psittacus? parrot cost? C«ci« C«nstat trecent«s dollar¿s. Ûsque It costs 300 dollars. You see, it enim ex ×fric§ d¡vectus est. was shipped all the way from Africa.

Gr§tia Et quant¿ c«nstant fringillae And how much do canaries cost? Can§riae? C«ci« Tantummodo decem dollar¿s. Only ten dollars.

Gr§tia V§h, nimis c§rae mihi sunt. Wow, they are too expensive for Hab¡sne hippur«s v¡n§l¡s? me. Do you have goldfish for sale? C«ci« Sc¿licet habe«. Me¿ hippur¿ sunt Of course I have. My goldfish are v¿l¡s. Quisque c«nstat »n« inexpensive. They are one dollar«. Et d«n§b« tibi aliquid dollar apiece. And I’ll give you ¡scae pisc§riae gr§t¿s. some fish food gratis.

Gr§tia Nunc Lat¿n¡ loqueris! Du«s Now you’re talking turkey! I’ll emam. Ecce du«s dollar«s. buy two. Here are the two dollars. C«ci« Gr§ti§s tibi. Bene val¡. Thank you. Goodbye.

LEVEL III Young Mark visits old Cato’s farm. Marcus Cat«, quam ob rem m§v¿s r»r¿ Marcus: Cato, why do you prefer habit§re quam in urbe? to live in the country rather than in the city? Cat« Quia v¿ta in fund« §cta long¡ Cato: Because life spent on the i»cundior est quam in urbe. farm is far more pleasant than in the city. 140 Conversational Latin

Marcus Quid ita? How so? Cat« Qu¿ v¿ctum in fund« quaeritat, One who makes his living on a quamv¿s d¿ves numquam fiat, farm, although he may never l¿ber tamen est. get rich, is nevertheless free.

Marcus Ostende mihi pecus, quaes«, s¿ Please show me your livestock, if «tium tibi est. you have the time. Cat« Libenter. Ecce vacc§s ov¡sque in Gladly. See the cows and sheep in pr§t« ac equ«s in p§scu«. the meadow and the horses in the pasture.

Marcus Êduc§sne pull«s gall¿n§ce«s et Do you raise chickens and geese? anser¡s? Cat« Ita. Êduc« etiam porc«s et capr«s. Yes. I also raise pigs and goats. E¿ sunt ultr§ horreum. They are on the other side of the barn.

Marcus Exstantne pisc¡s in ill« r¿vul« qu¿ Are there fish in that brook that per pr§tum fluit? flows through the meadow? Cat« Ut v¡ra d¿cam, pisc«sus est ille To tell you the truth, that brook is r¿vulus. Truct«s capt§re que«, teeming with fish. I can catch quoti¡scumque libet. trout whenever I please.

Marcus Obiter, forte not§v¿ fundum By the way, I happened to notice silvam contin¡re. Illicne that your farm includes a forest. umquam v¡n§ris? Do you ever go hunting there? Cat« Etiam. V¡nor cun¿cul«s, Yes. I hunt rabbits, pheasants, ph§si§n§s, cerv«s. and deer.

Marcus Hab¡sne canem v¡n§ticum? Do you have a hunting hound? Cat« Habe« quidem sag§cissimum I do have a very keen-scented canem; sine e« numquam hound; I never go hunting v¡nor. without him.

Marcus Vald¡ fort»n§tus es, Cat«. You are very fortunate, Cato. Aliquand« ego fundum mihi Someday I will get myself a par§b«. farm. Cat« Probum c«nsilium, adul¡sc¡ns! Good idea, young man! Chapter XVI: Animals 141

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______animal anim·al |§lis n; wild animal song cant·us |»s m fer·a |ae f tail caud·a |ae f ant form¿c·a |ae f wing §l·a |ae f ape s¿mi·us |¿ m, s¿mi·a |ae f blackbird merul·a |ae f (see bird) chatter str¿d·e« |¡re |u¿ boar ap·er |r¿ m bat vespertili·« |«nis m grunt grunn·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tum bear urs·us |¿ m, urs·a |ae f buffalo »r·us |¿ m cub ursae catul·us |¿ m bug c¿m·ex |icis m grunt intr grunn·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ bull taur·us |¿ m (see cattle) |¿tum butterfly p§pili·« |«nis m grunt s grunn¿t·us |»s m cage claustr·a |«rum npl, cave·a |ae f beaver fi·ber |br¿ m calf vitul·us |¿ m, vitul·a |ae f (see bedbug scin¿ph·is |is m cattle) bee ap·is |is f camel cam¡l·us |¿ m beehive alve·us |¿ m hump gibb·er |eris m buzz bombil§re canary fringill·a |ae f Can§ria (see hum murmur§re bird) sting tr ¿c·« |ere ¿c¿ ictus cat f¡l·is or f¡l·¡s |is f; catt·a |ae f, sting s (on the bee) acule·us |¿ m; catt·us |¿ m (bite) ict·us |»s m meow f¡l·i« |¿re swarm of bees apium ex§m·en purr intr murmur§re |inis n purr s murm·ur |uris n bird av·is |is f caterpillar ¡r»c·a |ae f beak r«str·um |¿ n catfish sil»r·us |¿ m cage cave·a |ae f cattle bov·¡s |um mpl (dat & abl pl: chirp p¿p§re, p¿pil§re b«bus or b»bus) egg «v·um |¿ n bellow (or low) m»g·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or feather penn·a |ae f |i¿ |¿tum flap the wings §l¿s plaud·« |ere graze p§sc·or |¿ p§stus sum plaus¿ plausum head of cattle pec·us |oris n flight vol§t·us |»s m chick pull·us |¿ m (see bird) fly vol§re; to fly away §vol§re peep p¿pil§re land (on) ¿ns¿d·« |ere ¿ns¡d¿ (+ dat) chicken (gall¿n§ceus) pull·us |¿ m (see nest n¿d·us |¿ m; to build a nest bird) n¿dific§re chicken coop gall¿n§ri·um |¿ n sing can·« |ere cecin¿ cantum cluck gl«c·i« |¿re 142 Conversational Latin

egg «v·um |¿ n donkey asin·us |¿ m eggshell («v¿) put§m·en |inis n heehaw intr rud·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tum egg white («v¿) alb·um |¿ n heehaw s rud¿t·us |»s m lay (eggs) par·i« |ere peper¿ partus dove palumb·¡s |is f (see bird) yolk vitell·us |¿ m coo gem·« |ere |u¿ cockroach blatt·a |ae f duck an·as |atis f (see bird) colt equol·us |¿ m (see horse) quack tetrinn·i« |¿re cow vacc·a |ae f eagle aquil·a |ae f (see bird) milk s lac lactis n screech str¿d·e« |¡re |u¿ milk tr mul·ge« |g¡re |s¿ |ctum eel angu¿ll·a |ae f moo m»g·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tum elephant elephant·us |¿ m udder »b·er |eris n trumpet barr·i« |¿re crane gr»s, gruis mf (see bird) trunk man·us |»s f crunkle gru·« |ere falcon falc·« |«nis m (see bird) cricket gryll·us |¿ m screech str¿d·e« |¡re |u¿ chirp fritinn·i« |¿re farm animals pec·us |oris n or pecor·a crocodile crocod¿l·us |¿ m |um npl crow corn·¿x |¿cis f (see bird) fish s pisc·is |is m caw cr«cit§re fin pinn·a |ae f deer cerv·us |¿ m, cerv·a |ae f fish food ¡sc·a |ae f pisc§ria bray rud·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tum fish pond pisc¿n·a |ae f dinosaur dinosaur·us |¿ m gills branchi·ae |§rum fpl dog can·is |is mf scale s squ§m·a |ae f bark intr latr§re; bark at allatr§re scale tr d¡squ§m§re bark s latr§t·us |»s m scaly squ§m«s·us |a |um collar coll§r·e |is n swim nat§re growl ring·or |¿ rictus sum fish intr piscor pisc§r¿ pisc§tus sum leash cingul·um |¿ n flea p»l·ex |icis m leash a dog canem cingul« allig§re flounder pass·er |eris m (see fish) pet (stroke) permulc·e« |¡re |s¿ fly musc·a |ae f snarl gann·i« |¿re buzz bombil§re tail caud·a |ae f; wag the tail flock (of birds, sheep, goats) grex, caudam mov¡re gregis m take for a walk d»c·« |ere d»x¿ fox vulp·¡s |is f ductus yelp gann·i« |¿re dolphin delph¿n·us |¿ m frog r§n·a |ae f Chapter XVI: Animals 143

croak coax§re lark alaud·a |ae f (see bird) game preserve th¡rotroph¿·um |¿ n leopard pard·us |¿ m giraffe cam¡lopardal·is |is f mew rict§re gnat cul·ex |icis m lion le·« |«nis m, leaen·a |ae f goat cap·er |r¿ m, capr·a |ae f mane i»b·a |ae f bleat b§l§re roar r»g·i« |¿re goldfish hippur·us |¿ m (see fish) livestock pec·us |oris n goose ans·er |eris m (see bird) lizard lacert·us |¿ m, lacert·a |ae f cackle gingr·i« |¿re lobster astac·us |¿ m grasshopper grill·us |¿ m locust locust·a |ae f chirp fritinn·i« |¿re chirp str¿d·e« |¡re |u¿ haddock gad·us |¿ m (see fish) louse p¡dicul·us |¿ m hawk accipi·ter |tris m (see bird) mackerel scomb·er |r¿ m (see fish) caw pl¿pi§re mole talp·a |ae f shriek cl§m§re monkey s¿mi·us |¿ m, s¿mi·a |ae f heifer iuvenc·a |ae f (see cattle) chatter str¿d·e« |¡re |u¿ hen gall¿n·a |ae f moth blatt·a |ae f cluck gloc·i« |¿re mouse m»·s |ris m herd arment·um |¿ n squeak mintr·i« |¿re hippopotamus hippopotam·us |¿ m mule m»l·us |¿ m, m»l·a |ae f hog s»·s |is mf bray rud·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tum oink grunn·i« |¿re ostrich str»thiocam¡l·us |¿ m (see bird) hornet cr§br·« |«nis m (see bee) owl b»b·« |«nis m (see bird) horse equ·us |¿ m hoot b»bil§re hoof ungul·a |ae f ox b«s, bovis m (dat & abl pl: b«bus or mane i»b·a |ae f b»bus) neigh intr hinn·i« |¿re |i¿; neigh at bellow bo§re adhinn¿re oyster ostre·a |ae f neigh(ing) hinn¿t·us |»s m oyster bed ostre§ri·um |¿ n tail caud·a |ae f shell conch·a |ae f horsefly tab§n·us |¿ m panther panth¡r·a |ae f buzz bombil§re parakeet melopsittac·us |¿ m insect ¿nsect·um |¿ n parrot psittac·us |¿ m jellyfish pulm·« |«nis m partridge perd·¿x |¿cis mf (see bird) lamb agn·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) peacock p§v·« |«nis m, p§v·a |ae f (see bleat b§l§re bird) 144 Conversational Latin pelican onocrotal·us |¿ m (see bird) sting tr ¿c·« |ere ¿c¿ ictus perch (fish) perc·a |ae f (see fish) sting s ict·us |»s m pet d¡lici·ae |§rum fpl seahorse hippocamp·us |¿ m pheasant ph§si§n·a |ae f (see bird) seal vitul·us |¿ m mar¿nus pig porc·us |¿ m serpent serp·¡ns |entis m oink grunn·i« |¿re bite tr ¿c·« |ere ¿c¿ ictus pigsty su¿l·e |is n bite s ict·us |»s m pigeon columb·a |ae f, columb·us |¿ m crawl serp·« |ere |s¿ (see bird) hiss s¿bil§re coo gem·« |ere |u¿ |itum shark pistr·is |is m pigeon coop columb§ri·um |¿ n dorsal fin pinn·a |ae f dors§lis pony mann·us |¿ m (see horse) sheep ov·is |is f porcupine hystr·ix |icis f bleat b§l§re poultry av·¡s |ium fpl cohort§l¡s shepherd p§st·or |«ris m pup catul·us |¿ m pen (for sheep) ov¿l·e |is n whimper gann·i« |¿re wool l§n·a |ae f puppy catell·us |¿ m snake angu·is |is mf (see serpent) quail coturn·¿x |¿cis f (see bird) snail cochle·a |ae f rabbit cun¿cul·us |¿ m sow s»·s |is f squeal v§g·i« |¿re oink grunn·i« |¿re ram ari·¡s |etis m sparrow pass·er |eris m (see bird) bleat b§l§re chirp p¿p§re rat m»·s |ris m spider ar§ne·us |¿ m squeak mintr·i« |¿re cobweb ar§ne·a |ae f raven corv·us |¿ m (see bird) squirrel sci»r·us |¿ m croak cr«cit§re stag cerv·us |¿ m reindeer tarandr·us |¿ m bray rud·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tum rhinoceros rh¿nocer·«s |«tis m starling sturn·us |¿ m (see bird) robin rubecul·a |ae f (see bird) chirp fritinn·i« |¿re chirp p¿p§re steer iuvenc·us |¿ m rooster gall·us |¿ m (see bird) crow c»c»r·i« |¿re; can·« |ere cecin¿ stork cic«ni·a |ae f (see bird) cantum swallow hirund·« |inis f (see bird) salmon salm·« |«nis m (see fish) swan cycn·us |¿ m (see bird) sardine sard¿n·a |ae f (see fish) swordfish xiphi·§s |ae m scorpion scorpi·« |«nis m thrush turd·us |¿ m (see bird) Chapter XVI: Animals 145 tiger tigr·is |is or |idis m weasel must¡l·a |ae f growl frem·« |ere |u¿ whale balaen·a |ae f toad b»f·« |«nis m wolf lup·us |¿ m, lup·a |ae f trout truct·us |¿ m, truct·a |ae f (see cub lupae catul·us |¿ m fish) howl intr ulul§re tuna thunn·us |¿ m (see fish) howl s ulul§t·us |»s m turkey gallop§v·« |«nis m whelp gann·i« |¿re turtle test»d·« |inis f woodpecker p¿c·us |¿ m (see bird) shell test»d·« |inis f worm verm·is |is m vulture vult·ur |uris m earth worm lumbr¿c·us |¿ m wasp vesp·a |ae f (see bee) zoo v¿v§ri·um |¿ n 146 Conversational Latin Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Diane and Debbie discuss the new teacher.

Di§na: Salv¡, Debra. Qu« pact« t¡cum Diane: Hello, Debbie. How is it agitur? Audi« t¡ novam going with you? I hear that you magistram h«c ann« hab¡re. have a new teacher this year. Debra: Salv¡, Di§na. Bene vale«. R¡ct¡ Debbie: Hello, Diane. I’m fine. aud¿vist¿. You heard right.

Di§na: Estne bona magistra? Is she a good teacher? Debra: Sev¡ra est sed aequa; nam tractat She is strict but fair. She treats all n«s omn¡s e«dem mod«. alike.

Di§na: Quamdi» iam docet? How long has she been teaching? Debra: Nesci«. Sed est per¿tissima I don’t know. But she’s a very magistra. N¡m« obdorm¿scit in experienced teacher. No one eius classe. falls asleep in her class.

Di§na: Qu«modo condiscipul¿ tu¿ cum e§ How do your classmates get along congruunt? with her? Debra: Amant eam qu«niam pati¡ns They love her because she is hilaraque est. patient and cheerful.

Di§na: Manifest«, magistra ipsa bonum Obviously, the teacher herself sets exemplum praebet. a good example. Debra: Ita, exemplum adm¿r§bile. Yes, a wonderful example.

LEVEL II A new girlfriend is the subject of discussion. Val¡ria: Salv¡, Ricarde. Ut val¡s? R»mor Valerie: Hello, Richard. How are per t«tam v¿c¿niam pervag§tur you? There’s a rumor going t¡ novam am¿culam repperisse. around the whole neighborhood that you have found a new girlfriend. Ricardus: Salv¡. Bene vale«. F§ma est v¡ra; Richard: Hello. I’m fine. The eam n«n ¿nfitior. story is true; I’ll not deny it.

146 Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities 147

Val¡ria: Quid n«men e¿ est? Egone eam What is her name? Do I know n«v¿? her? Ricardus: N«men e¿ est Donna. Eam n«n Her name is Donna. You do not n«vist¿. know her.

Val¡ria: Qu§lis hom« est illa? What sort of person is she? Ricardus: In pr¿m¿s est bella et venusta. First of all, she is pretty and Breviter, m¿rifica est. attractive. In a word, she is fantastic.

Val¡ria: N«n, n«n. D¿c¡bam d¡ eius No, no. I was talking about her indole. personality. Ricardus: Iam tene«. Donna est intelleg¡ns Now I get it. Donna is intelligent, et hilara et h»m§na et tenera. cheerful, kind, and gentle.

Val¡ria: Estne generis tacit»rn¿? Is she the silent type? Ricardus: Est magis loqu§x et soci§bilis She is talkative and sociable quam taciturna; h§c d¡ caus§, rather than quiet; for that apud famili§r¡s gr§ti«sissima reason she is very popular with est. Etiam corcillum habet, sed her close acquaintances. She numquam id iactat. also has brains, but she doesn’t brag about that.

Val¡ria: Donna mihi vid¡tur speci«sa Donna seems to be a very puella. Sp¡r« t¡ eam mihi interesting girl. I hope that you aliquand« tr§dit»rum esse. will introduce her to me sometime. Ricardus: Quidn¿? Why not?

LEVEL III Sizing up a political candidate. Titus: Marcia, quid op¿n§ris d¡ Bibul« Titus: Marcia, what is your candid§t« qu¿ c«nsul§tum petit? opinion of the candidate Bibulus, who is running for the consulship? Marcia: V¿sne illum Bibulum qu¿ Caesaris Marcia: Do you mean the Bibulus compet¿tor est? Praedicat s¡ re¿ who is Caesar’s opponent? He p»blicae pr«fut»rum esse. claims that he will be good for the country.

Titus: Cr¡disne eum esse v¡r§cem Do you believe that he is honest sinc¡rumque? and sincere? Marcia: Multa quidem pr«mittit, sed m¿ror He certainly makes a lot of num fidem serv§t»rus sit. promises, but I wonder whether he will keep his word. 148 Conversational Latin

Titus: Mihi vid¡tur ast»tus, aud§x, He seems to me to be shrewd, ambiti«sus. bold, and ambitious. Marcia: D¡ e§ r¡ t¡cum funditus I fully agree with you on that c«nsenti«. Porr« aud¿vist¿ne point. Besides, have you heard eius recent¡s or§ti«n¡s? his recent speeches?

Titus: Aud¿v¿. Ut candid§t¿ solent, iste I have. As candidates usually do, compet¿t«r¡s su«s inpugnat et he attacks his opponents and identidem praedicat e«s omn¡s again and again claims that esse arrogant¡s et dol«s«s. they are all arrogant and tricky. Marcia: R»rsus t¡cum omn¿n« c«nsenti«. Again I fully agree with you. Does C¡nsetne s¡ s«lum esse he think that he alone is locupl¡tem et candidum et trustworthy, candid, and amantem patriae? patriotic?

Titus: Imm« facile est ali«s candid§t«s Well, it’s easy to criticize other reprehendere; sed quid iste candidates; but what does he habet quod d¡ su§ rati«ne d¿cat? have to say about his own policy? Marcia: D¡ su§ rati«ne interrog§tus, When asked about his own policy, ambiguus fit. D¿cit quidquid in he becomes evasive. He says buccam v¡nerit. Quand«cumque whatever comes into his head urg¡tur, fit indign§bundus ac [lit: has come into his mouth]. d¿c§x. Whenever he is hard pressed, he becomes indignant and sarcastic.

Titus: Ut v¡ra d¿cam, nesci« cu¿ To tell you the truth, I don’t know candid§t« suffr§g§t»rus sim. for which candidate I am going to vote. Marcia: Ego ipsa exspect§b« diem I myself am going to wait till comiti§lem antequam ego election day before I make up c«nstituam. my mind.

Titus: T¡ n«n culp«. Ego idem faciam. I don’t blame you. I’ll do the same. Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities 149

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______ability facult·§s |§tis f arrogance arroganti·a |ae f absurd absurd·us |a |um arrogant arrog·§ns |antis abusive maledic·us |a |um articulate disert·us |a |um accomplished ¡rud¿tus |a |um astute ast»t·us |a |um active ala·cer |cris |cre athletic §thl¡tic·us |a |um admirable adm¿r§bil·is |is |e atrocious atr·«x |«cis admiration adm¿r§ti·« |«nis f attentive attent·us |a |um, ¡r¡ct·us |a adult (mature) adult·us |a |um |um affable aff§bil·is |is |e attitude gest·us |»s m affected affect§t·us |a |um attractive am§bil·is |is |e; (in looks) speci«s·us |a |um affection am·or |«ris m austere asp·er |era |erum, aust¡r·us |a affectionate am·§ns |antis |um afraid form¿dul«s·us |a |um; I am awful d¿r·us |a |um afraid that ver·eor |¡r¿ veritus sum n¡; to be afraid metu·« |ere |¿ awkward inconcinn·us |a |um aged ann«s·us |a |um backward (mentally) lent·us |a |um agreeable commod·us |a |um, gr§t·us |a bad mal·us |a |um, improb·us |a |um |um banish (worries, cares) exim·« |ere alert §·cer |cris |cre ex¡m¿ ex¡mptus alluring illecebr«s·us |a |um beautiful pulch·er |ra |rum, form«s·us |a |um alone s«l·us |a |um beauty pulchrit»d·« |inis f ambition ambiti·« |«nis f becoming dec·¡ns |entis ambitious ambiti«s·us |a |um big-hearted magnanim·us |a |um anger ¿r·a |ae f bitter acerb·us |a |um angry (at) ¿r§t·us |a |um (+ dat); to get angry with ¿r§sc·or |§r¿ (+ dat) bitterly: to complain bitterly graviter queror quer¿ questus sum anguish ang·or |«ris m bitterness acerbit·§s |§tis f annoyance molesti·a |ae f blind caec·us |a |um annoyed: to be annoyed at molest¡ fer« ferre tul¿ blindness caecit·§s |§tis f antagonistic ¿nfest·us |a |um blush ¡rub¡sc·« |ere ¡rubu¿ anxiety (about) c»r·a |ae f (+ gen) boastful iact·§ns |antis apathetic d¡s·es |idis bold aud·§x |§cis appetite cib¿ appetenti·a |ae f, cib¿ boldness aud§ci·a |ae f appet¿ti·« |«nis f bombastic bull§t·us |a |um arouse (feelings) exagit§re, suscit§re boorish agrest·is |is |e 150 Conversational Latin bother (annoy) exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus clumsy incomposit·us |a |um, bothered exercit§t·us |a |um inconcinn·us |a |um brag about iact§re cold (dispassionate) fr¿gid·us |a |um comfort s lev§ti·« |«nis f brains: have brains corcill·um |¿ n hab·e« |¡re |u¿ comfort tr allev§re bright (person) arg»t·us |a |um common sense: to have common sense cor hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus callous d»r·us |a |um compassion cl¡menti·a |ae f, h»m§nit·§s callousness d»riti·a |ae f |§tis f calm placid·us |a |um compassionate cl¡m·¡ns |entis, calmly aequ« anim« h»m§n·us |a |um candid candid·us |a |um, apert·us |a concern c»r·a |ae f |um concise brev·is |is |e care c»r·a |ae f confide in c«nf¿d·« |ere (+ dat) care d¿ligenti·a |ae f confidence f¿d»ci·a |ae f, c«nf¿denti·a careful d¿lig·¡ns |entis |ae f careless inc»ri«s·us |a |um confident c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis; to be confident c«nf¿d·« |ere c«nf¿sus sum carelessness inc»ri·a |ae f consternation c«nstern§ti·« |«nis f cause (stir up) excit§re contempt contempt·us |»s m, caution cauti·« |«nis f; to exercise d¡spic§ti·« |«nis f; to feel contempt caution cav·e« |¡re c§v¿ for contemn·« |ere |ps¿; to hold s.o. cautious caut·us |a |um in contempt aliquem d¡spic§tum hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus character m«r·¡s |um mpl, indol·¡s |is f contemptuous (of) d¡spici·¡ns |entis (+ charm amoenit·§s |§tis f, dec·or |«ris m, gen) gr§ti·a |ae f content content·us |a |um; to your charming amoen·us |a |um, lepid·us heart’s content arbitr§t» tu« |a |um control coerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus, contin·e« chaste cast·us |a |um |¡re |u¿ cheer up tr hilar§re, laetific§re; cheer control (restraint) continenti·a |ae f; up! hab¡ animum bonum! (power) potest·§s |§tis f; out of cheerful ala·cer |cris |cre, hilar·us |a control effr¡n§t·us |a |um |um convenience: at your convenience tu« cheerfulness alacrit·§s |§tis f, commod« hilarit»d·« |inis f cool (toward) fr¿gid·us |a |um (in + acc); (great) (coll) m¿rand·us |a choice exquis¿t·us |a |um |um; that’s cool! m¿randum est! civilized h»m§n·us |a |um coolness (indifference) fr¿g·us |oris n clever callid·us |a |um cope with p§r esse (+ dat); unable to cleverness callidit·§s |§tis f cope with imp§r esse (+ dat) Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities 151 courage fortit»d·« |inis f desire cupidit·§s |§tis f courageous anim«s·us |a |um, fort·is despair d¡sp¡r§ti·« |«nis f |is |e despair d¡sp¡r§re courteous c«m·is |is |e desperate d¡sp¡r§t·us |a |um courtesy c«mit·§s |§tis f desperation d¡sp¡r§ti·« |«nis f crabbiness mor«sit·§s |§tis f despicable d¡spic§t·us |a |um crabby mor«s·us |a |um despise d¡spic·i« |ere d¡spex¿ d¡spectus craving for appet¿ti·« |«nis f (+ gen) destructive exiti«s·us |a |um crazy d¡l¿r·us |a |um develop (character, mind) c«nfirm§re credible cr¡dibil·is |is |e; to be dignified grav·is |is |e credible f¿dem hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus dignity gravit·§s |§tis f, dignit·§s |§tis f criminal facinor«s·us |a |um diligence d¿ligenti·a |ae f cruel cr»d¡l·is |is |e diligent d¿lig·¡ns |entis cruelty cr»d¡lit·§s |§tis f disappoint frustr·or |§r¿ |§tus sum cry fl·e« |¡re |¡v¿; to cry over fl¡re disappointment d¡stit»ti·« |«nis f culture h»m§nit·§s |§tis f disgrace d¡dec·us |oris n, ign«mini·a cunning collubr¿n·us |a |um |ae f; to be a disgrace to d¡decor¿ curiosity c»ri«sit·§s |§tis f esse (+ dat) cute bell·us |a |um, bellul·us |a |um disgraceful d¡dec«r·us |a |um, ign«mini«s·us |a |um dainty d¡lic§t·us |a |um dishonorable d¡dec«r·us |a |um daring aud·¡ns |entis, aud·§x |§cis dismay c«nstern§ti·« |«nis f darling animul·us |¿ m, animul·a |ae f disposition affect·us |»s m (anim¿) dear c§r·us |a |um distinguished ill»str·is |is |e deceitful fall·§x |§cis distress dol·or |«ris m decency decenti·a |ae f distrust (of) diff¿denti·a |ae f (+ gen) decent dec·¡ns |entis; to do the decent distrust diff¿d·« |ere diff¿sus sum (semi- thing fr»gem fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ deponent) (+ gen) deep-seated ¿nsit·us |a |um downcast: to be downcast iac·e« |¡re dejected d¡miss·us |a |um |u¿ delicate d¡lic§t·us |a |um downhearted d¡miss·us |a |um; to be demented d¡m·¡ns |entis downhearted anim« perculs« esse depressed abiect·us |a |um; to be dread form¿d§re depressed abiect« anim« sum esse dreadful d¿r·us |a |um fu¿ drunk ¡bri·us |a |um depression contracti·« |«nis f anim¿ drunkenness ¡briet·§s |§tis f; habitual deranged (mind) comm«t·us |a |um drunkenness ¡bri«sit·§s |§tis f deserving (of) dign·us |a |um (+ abl) dull heb·es |etis 152 Conversational Latin eager (for) cupid·us |a |um (+ gen) experienced (in) per¿t·us |a |um (+ gen eagerly cupienter or abl) eagerness cupidit·§s |§tis f expert in gn§r·us |a |um (+ gen) expressive (eyes) arg»t·us |a |um easy-going facil·is |is |e f fair, fair-minded aequ·us |a |um educated ¡rud¿t·us |a |um fairness aequit·§s |§tis f effeminate eff¡min§t·us |a |um faith fid·¡s |e¿ f; in bad faith d¡ fid¡ efficiency efficienti·a |ae f mal§; in good faith (ex) bon§ fid¡ efficient effici·¡ns |entis faithful fid¡l·is |is |e efficiently efficienter fall (desperately) in love with (perdit¡) elegance ¡leganti·a |ae f am§re coep·¿ |isse elegant ¡leg·§ns |antis false fals·us |a |um eloquence ¡loquenti·a |ae f fantastic m¿rific·us |a |um eloquent ¡loqu·¡ns |entis faultless ¡mend§t·us |a |um emotion anim¿ m«t·us |»s m; to express favor benefici·um |¿ n; to accept and emotions anim¿ m«t»s exprim·« |ere return a favor beneficium accipere et reddere express¿ expressus fear metu·« |ere |¿ encourage hort·or |§r¿ |§tus sum fear met·us |»s m encouragement hort§t·us |»s m fearless impavid·us |a |um energetic n§v·us |a |um, impig·er |ra |rum feeble imb¡cill·us |a |um envious invid·us |a |um; to be envious feebleness imb¡cillit·§s |§tis f of invid·e« |¡re inv¿d¿ (+ acc or dat) feel (hunger, pain, cold, etc.) sent·i« |t¿re |s¿ |sus; I don’t feel well m¿hi envy invidi·a |ae f n«n bene habe«; to feel annoyed esteem d¿lig·« |ere d¿l¡x¿ d¿l¡ctus grav·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; to feel down estranged: to become estranged from and out ¿nfractum animum ger·« s.o. aliquem § s¡ ali¡n§re |ere gess¿; to feel good s¡ bene hab·e« |¡re |u¿; to feel happy evasive ambigu·us |a |um gaud·e« |¡re g§v¿sus sum; to feel exact acc»r§t·us |a |um, ex§ct·us |a |um pain dol«re afficior affic¿ affectus sum; to feel sad maest·us |a |um excessive (in) immodic·us |a |um (+ esse gen or abl) feeling s¡ns·us |»s m, affect·us |»s m excite excit§re fidelity fid¡lit·§s |§tis f excited comm«t·us |a |um fierce fer·«x |«cis excitement anim¿ comm«ti·« |«nis f; to firm firm·us |a |um feel excitement excit·or |§r¿ excit§tus sum flame (sweetheart) flamm·a |ae f experience experienti·a |ae f, flattering bland·us |a |um exper¿ment·um |¿ n, »s·us |»s m flattery blanditi·a |ae f Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities 153 fluent pr«flu·¡ns |entis goodness (integrity, good behavior) fond of cupid·us |a |um (+ gen); to be bonit·§s |§tis f fond of am§re goodwill benevolenti·a |ae f fondness am·or |«ris m gossip (person) f§miger§t·or |«ris m, foolhardy temer§ri·us |a |um f§miger§tr·¿x |¿cis f foolish d¡sipi·¡ns |entis grave grav·is |is |e foolishly: to act foolishly inept·i« |¿re greed av§riti·a |ae f foolishness d¡sipienti·a |ae f greedy av§rus |a |um; greedy for fortunate fort»n§t·us |a |um av§rus (+ gen) frame: of mind §nim·us |¿ m; to be in a gregarious (sociable) congreg§bil·is good frame of mind bon« §nim« |is |e esse grief maer·or |«ris m; to feel grief frank apert·us |a |um condol¡sc·« |ere condolu¿ friendly am¿c·us |a |um; in a friendly groan gem·« |ere |u¿ |itum way am¿c¡ groan gemit·us |»s m friendship am¿citi·a |ae f gullible cr¡dul·us |a |um frighten terr·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus habit c«nsuet»d·« |inis f frivolous fr¿vol·us |a |um handsome form«s·us |a |um frustrate fr»str·or |§r¿ |§tus sum happiness be§tit»d·« |inis f frustration fr»str§ti·« |«nis f happy be§t·us |a |um, laet·us |a |um funny ioc«s·us |a |um hard to please difficil·is |is |e generosity l¿ber§lit·§s |§tis f hard-working lab«ri«s·us |a |um generous l¿ber§l·is |is |e harsh (toward) d»r·us |a |um (in + acc) gentle cl¡m·¡ns |entis, m¿t·is |is |e harshness d»riti·a |ae f get along with concorditer congru·« hate tr «d¿ «disse (defective verb) |ere |u¿ cum (+ abl) get over (grief, anger, etc.) super§re hate s odi·um |¿ n glad laet·us |a |um; to be glad laet·or hatred (of, toward) odi·um |¿ n (in + |§r¿ |§tus sum acc) gloat over exsult§re (+ abl) haughty ¡l§t·us |a |um gloom maestiti·a |ae f heart: from the heart ex anim«; heart and soul t«t« pectore gloomy, glum maest·us |a |um heartache c»r·a |ae f, cordoli·um |¿ n glutton hellu·« |«nis m; to be a glutton hellu·or |§r¿ helpless in·ops |opis gluttonous ed·§x |§cis helplessness inopi·a |ae f gluttony ed§cit·§s |§tis f holiness s§nctit·§s |§tis f good (also morally) bon·us |a |um holy s§nct·us |a |um good-natured facil·is |is |e homely ¿nspeci«s·us |a |um 154 Conversational Latin homesick: to be homesick ex d¡s¿deri« impetuous fervid·us |a |um lab«r§re; I am homesick for m¡ impolite inurb§n·us |a |um d¡s¿derium tenet (+ gen) important magn·us |a |um honest prob·us |a |um; (speaking the truth) v¡r·§x |§cis impress commov·e« |¡re comm«v¿ comm«tus honor hon·or |«ris m improper indec·¡ns |entis honor hon«r§re improve ¡mend§re ¶ intr mel·ior |ior honorable hon«r§bil·is |is |e, honest·us |ius fi« fier¿ factus sum; (in studies) |a |um pr«fic·i« |ere pr«f¡c¿ honorably honest¡ imprudent impr»d·ens |entis hope sp¡s, spe¿ f impulse anim¿ impet·us |»s m hope sp¡r§re; lose hope d¡sp¡r§re inappropriate inept·us |a |um hopeless d¡sp¡r§t·us |a |um indecent indec·¡ns |entis horrible horribil·is |is |e indecisive ambigu·us |a |um hot-tempered ¿r§cund·us |a |um indifference fr¿g·us |oris n; indifferent humane h»m§n·us |a |um (towards) negleg·¡ns |entis (in + acc) humor f¡st¿vit·§s |§tis f indignant indign§bund·us |a |um humorous f¡st¿v·us |a |um inept inept·us |a |um humorously f¡st¿v¡ inexperienced (in) inexpert·us |a |um hunger fam·¡s |is f (ab + abl or in + acc or adversus + hypocrite simul§t·or |«ris m, acc) simul§tr·ix |¿cis f infamous ¿nf§m·is |is |e hypocritical co§ct·us |a |um infatuated: to be infatuated with s.o. idea cogniti·« |«nis f aliquem efflictim am§re ideal exempl·ar |§ris n influence gr§ti·a |ae f ignorance ¿nscienti·a |ae f influential gr§ti«s·us |a |um ignorant ¿nsc¿t·us |a |um ingenious artifici«s·us |a |um ill-mannered male m«r§t·us |a |um injustice ini»stiti·a |ae f illogical absurd·us |a |um innocence innocenti·a |ae f immature imm§t»r·us |a |um innocent (of) innoc·¡ns |entis (+ gen) immaturity imm§t»rit·§s |§tis f inquisitive c»ri«s·us |a |um immoderate immodic·us |a |um insane ¿ns§n·us |a |um immodest impud¿c·us |a |um insanity ¿ns§nit·§s |§tis f impartial aequ·us |a |um insensitive d»r·us |a |um impatient: to be impatient with in¿qu« insensitivity d»riti·a |ae f anim« fer« ferre tul¿ insincere ¿nsinc¡r·us |a |um impatiently in¿qu« anim« integrity honest·§s |§tis f Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities 155 intellect intell¡ct·us |»s m loneliness s«lit»d·« |inis f intelligence intellegenti·a |ae f lonely s«lit§ri·us |a |um; to be lonely intelligent intelleg·¡ns |entis for d¡s¿der§re intense (emotions) grand·is |is |e long for d¡s¿der§re interesting speci«s·us |a |um longing for d¡s¿deri·um |¿ n (+ gen) irresponsible inoffici«s·us |a |um look down on (despise) despect§re irritable ¿r§cund·us |a |um loudmouth cl§m§t·or |«ris m, cl§m§tr·¿x |¿cis f itching, to be itching to gest·i« |¿re (+ inf) lovable am§bil·is |is |e jealous invid·us |a |um; to be jealous love am§re of invid·e« |¡re inv¿d¿ (+ acc or dat) love am·or |«ris m jealousy invidi·a |ae f loving am·§ns |antis jerk (coll) bucc·« |«nis m low-born ign«bil·is |is |e joy gaudi·um |¿ n; to feel joy gaud·e« loyal fid¡l·is |is |e, f¿d·us |a |um; to |¡re g§v¿sus sum remain loyal in fid¡ man·e« |¡re jump for joy exsult§re m§ns¿ just i»st·us |a |um loyalty fid¡lit·§s §tis f justice i»stiti·a |ae f luck fort»n·a |ae f kind benevol·us |a |um; to be kind lucky fort»n§t·us |a |um toward benevolus esse erg§ (+ acc) lust cupidit·§s |§tis f, lib¿d·« |inis f kind: what kind of person is … ? qu¿ lying falsiloqu·us |a |um hom« est …? kind-hearted benevol·us |a |um, meticulous acc»r§t·us |a |um benign·us |a |um mild cl¡m·¡ns |entis kindness benevolentia |ae f; to show mind anim·us |¿ m; I have made up kindness to s.o. benevolentiam my mind d¡stin§tum mihi est; of alicui praest·« |§re praestit¿ sound mind comp·os |otis mentis; knowledge cogniti·« |«nis f, scienti·a to be in one’s right mind apud s¡ |ae f esse laziness ign§vi·a |ae f misery miseri·a |ae f lazy ign§v·us |a |um miserable mis·er |era |erum learned doct·us |a |um, ¡rud¿t·us |a |um miss d¡s¿der§re lecherous sal·§x |§cis, lib¿din«s·us |a mistake err·or |«ris m; to make a |um mistake err§re lie fals·um |¿ n mistaken fals·us |a |um listless d¡s·es |idis model exempl·ar |§ris n liveliness alacrit·§s |§tis f modest modest·us |a |um lively ala·cer |cris |cre modesty modesti·a |ae f 156 Conversational Latin mood affect·us |»s m anim¿, anim·us |¿ patriotic am·§ns |antis patriae m; to get over one’s mood animum persistence assiduit·§s |§tis f vinc·« |ere |v¿c¿, superare persistent assidu·us |a |um motivation for rati·« |«nis f (+ gen) personality indol·¡s |is f motive caus·a |ae f pessimistic ¿nf¡l·¿x |¿cis mourn tr & intr l»g·e« |¡re l»x¿ phoney affect§t·us |a |um mourning maer·or |«ris m pitiful fl¡bil·is-is |e narrow-minded angust·us |a |um pity misericordi·a |ae f; to feel pity for narrow-mindedness angusti·ae |§rum commiser¡sc·« |ere (+ gen) fpl pity miser·e« |¡re |u¿ (+ gen) natural (unaffected) incomposit·us |a pleasant i»cund·us |a |um |um pleasantness i»cundit·§s |§tis f nature n§t»r·a |ae f pleasing gr§t·us |a |um needy in·ops |opis polite to c«m·is |is |e (+ dat or erg§ or negligence negligenti·a |ae f, inc»ri·a in + acc) |ae f politeness c«mit·§s |§tis f negligent neglig·¡ns |entis pompous gl«ri«s·us |a |um nervous intent·us |a |um, trepid·us |a |um poor (pitiful) mis·er |era |erum nervousness trepid§ti·« |«nis f, anim·us popular gr§ti«s·us |a |um; to be |¿ m trepidus popular with s.o. gr§ti«sus esse apud aliquem nice (courteous) concinn·us |a |um; popularity gr§ti·a |ae f; to enjoy (pleasant) lepid·us |a |um; (cute) popularity among gr§tiam hab·e« bell·us |a |um |¡re |u¿ |itus apud (+ acc) noble (sentiments) grand·is |is |e practice (patience, etc.) exerc·e« |¡re object lesson document·um |¿ n |u¿ obliging commod·us |a |um precise ex§ct·us |a |um obscurity ign«bilit·§s |§tis f prestige auct«rit·§s |§tis f over-confident c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis presumptuous c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis outspoken l¿beri·or |«ris pretty bell·us |a |um, bellul·us |a |um painstaking oper«s·us |a |um pride gl«ri·a |ae f; source of pride gl«ri·a |ae f; to take pride in passion cupidit·§s |§tis f; (lust) lib¿d·« gl«ri·or |§r¿ d¡ or in (+ abl) |inis f proper dec·¡ns |entis, dec«r·us |a |um passionate §rd·¡ns |entis proud gl«ri«s·us-a |um; to be proud of passionately efflictim gl«ri·or |§r¿ (+ acc or d¡ or in + abl) pathetic ¡l§ment§bil·is |is |e quiet taciturn·us |a |um patient pati·¡ns |entis rage fur·or |«ris m; to fly into a rage patiently aequ« anim« ¿r§sc·or |§r¿ Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities 157 refined h»m§n·us |a |um sad trist·is |is |e, maest·us |a |um reform ¡mend§re sadness tristiti·a |ae f regret paenitenti·a |ae f sarcasm dic§cit·§s |§tis f regret: I regret m¡ paenitet (+ gen) sarcastic dic§cul·us |a |um, dic·§x |§cis relentless d¿r·us |a |um scandalous fl§giti«s·us |a |um relief: to be a relief lev§ment« esse scholarly ¡rud¿t·us |a |um rely on c«nf¿d·« |ere c«nf¿sus sum (+ scorn contempti·« |«nis f dat); relying on fr¡t·us |a |um (+ dat seductive illecebr«s·us |a |um or abl) self-confidence f¿d»ci·a |ae f remember commemor§re self-confident c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis; to be renown f§m·a |ae f self-confident sibi c«nf¿d·« |ere repress (emotions) cohib·e« |¡re |u¿ c«nf¿sus sum |itus self-control abstinenti·a |ae f repression continenti·a |ae f self-controlled comp·os |otis su¿ reputation f§m·a |ae f; bad reputation self-respect dignit·§s |§tis f ¿nf§mi·a |ae f; good reputation honest·§s |§tis f sense of duty, of responsibility piet·§s |§tis f resentful ¿r§cund·us |a |um sensible: to be sensible sap·i« |ere resentment ¿r§cundi·a |ae f serious grav·is |is |e resolute c«nfirm§t·us |a |um seriousness gravit·§s |§tis f respect hon«r§re, observ§re shake up commov·e« |¡re comm«v¿ respectability honest·§s |§tis f comm«tus respectable honest·us |a |um shabby sordid·us |a |um respected hon«r§t·us |a |um shame ign«mini·a |ae f respectful observ·§ns |antis shameful ign«mini«s·us |a |um respectfully hon«rific¡ shameless improb·us |a |um responsibility for c»r·a |ae f (+ gen); it shifty m«bil·is |is |e; shifty like the is my responsibility to … est mihi wind vent«s·us |a |um c»rae (+ inf) show off s¡ iact§re restless inqui¡t·us |a |um shrewd ast»t·us |a |um rich d¿v·es |itis shy timid·us |a |um riches d¿viti·ae |§rum fpl sigh gemit·us |»s m rid: get rid of (worries) d¿lu·« |ere |¿; sigh intr gem·« |ere |u¿ |itum; to sigh (persons) §m«l·ior |¿r¿ §m«l¿tus sum over gemere ridiculous r¿dicul·us |a |um silliness d¡l¿r§ti·« |«nis f, inepti·a |ae f role model exempl·ar |§ris n silly d¡sipi·¡ns |entis, inept·us |a |um; rough asp·er |era |erum to be silly d¡sip·i« |ere rude (character) asp·er |era |erum sincere sinc¡r·us |a |um 158 Conversational Latin skill artifici·um |¿ n talent artifici·um |¿ n, ingeni·um |¿ n skilled callid·us |a |um talented ingeni«s·us |a |um skillful artifici«s·us |a |um talkative loqu·§x |§cis skillfulness callidit·§s |§tis f tall alt·us |a |um, pr«c¡r·us |a |um slow (physically, mentally) lent·us |a task op·us |eris n, c»r·a |ae f |um taste: lack of good taste d¡formit·§s sluggish heb·es |etis; to be sluggish |§tis f heb·e« |¡re tense intent·us |a |um sly ast»t·us |a |um tension contenti·« |«nis f small-mindedness humilit·§s |§tis f terrify terrific§re smart callid·us |a |um; (impertinent) terror terr·or |«ris m ¿nsol·¡ns |entis thrifty fr»g§l·is |is |e, fr»g¿ (indecl) smile subr¿d·e« |¡re subr¿s¿ tireless assidu·us |a |um smooth-talking blandiloqu·us |a |um touchy (irritable) stomach«s·us |a |um smug c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis tough d»r·us-a |um smugness c«nf¿denti·a |ae f tremble trem·« |ere |u¿; to tremble all snobbish fast¿di«s·us |a |um over contrem·« |ere |u¿ sober s«bri·us |a |um tricky dol«s·us |a |um sociable soci§bil·is |is |e trouble exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus sorry: I feel sorry for the others m¡ troubled exercit§t·us |a |um miseret ali«rum trust f¿d·« |ere f¿sus sum (+ dat or abl) stability firmit·§s |§tis f trust f¿d·¡s |e¿ f stable firm·us |a |um trusting c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis state of mind affect§ti·« |«nis f animi trustworthiness f¿d»ci·a |ae f stern asp·er |era |erum trustworthy locupl·¡s |¡tis stingy sordid·us |a |um trusty firm·us |a |um strict sev¡r·us |a |um; (person in authority) acerb·us |a |um truthful v¡ridic·us |a |um stubborn obstin§t·us |a |um trying (tough) exercit§t·us |a |um surly difficil·is |is |e two-faced dup·lex |icis, bilingu·is |is |e suspicion suspici·« |«nis f; to come ugliness d¡formit·§s |§tis f under suspicion in suspici«nem ugly d¡form·is |is |e; turp·is |is |e ven·i« |¿re v¡n¿ unattractive invenust·us |a |um suspicious suspic·§x |§cis; (suspected) suspect·us |a |um uncontrolled effr¡n§t·us |a |um sweet dulc·is |is |e uncouth horrid·us |a |um sympathy: to show sympathy for uneducated in¡rud¿t·us |a |um commiser·or |§r¿ |§tus sum unfair in¿qu·us |a |um Chapter XVII: Emotions and Qualities 159 unfairly in¿qu¡ well-mannered bene m«r§t·us |a |um unfaithful ¿nfid¡l·is |is |e well-off bene aer§tus |a |um unfriendly inim¿c·us |a |um wicked improb·us |a |um unhappiness ¿nf¡l¿cit·§s |§tis f wickedness improbit·§s |§tis f unhappy ¿nf¡l·¿x |¿cis wild effer§t·us |a |um unpleasant ini»cund·us |a |um wily dol«s·us |a |um, subdol·us |a |um unrestrained effr¡n§t·us |a |um, wonderful adm¿r§bil·is |is |e eff»s·us |a |um word: to break one’s word fidem unstable ¿nst§bil·is |is |e fall·« |ere fefell¿; to give one’s word unsteady (tottering) c§d»c·us |a |um fidem d« dare ded¿ datus; to keep one’s word fidem serv§re untrustworthy ¿nf¿d·us |a |um word of honor fid·¡s |e¿ f upset adj comm«t·us |a |um worry c»r·a |ae f, sollicit»d·« |inis f upset tr commov·e« |¡re comm«v¿ comm«tus worry tr sollicit§re ¶ intr sollicit·or |§r¿ |§tus sum urge anim¿ impet·us |»s m worthless in§n·is |is |e vigorous alac·er |ris |re worthlessness in§nit·§s |§tis f violence violenti·a |ae f worthy (of) dign·us |a |um (+ abl) violent violent·us |a |um yearn for d¡s¿der§re weak invalid·us |a |um yearning (for) d¡s¿der§ti·« |«nis f (+ welcome gr§t·us |a |um gen) well-born honest·us |a |um Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Donna gets a new hairdo.

T«nstr¿x Salv¡, Donna. Quid agis? Hairdresser: Hello, Donna. How are you? Donna Vale«. Velim t«ns»ram, quaes«. Donna: I’m fine. I’d like a haircut, please.

T«nstr¿x C«ns¿de, am§b« t¡, in h§c sell§ Sit down in this chair, please. t«ns«ri§. Donna Gr§ti§s! N«l¿ nimis d¡tond¡re Thank you. Don’t cut my hair too comam. short.

T«nstr¿x At hodi¡ puellae gerunt comam But nowadays girls are wearing curtam. their hair short. Donna Id sci«, sed comam curtam n«n I know, but I don’t care for short c»r«. hair.

T«nstr¿x Qu«modo erg« cupis m¡ tond¡re How then do you want me to cut comam? your hair? Donna Frange comam in grad»s. Cut my hair in layers.

T«nstr¿x V¿sne anti§s? Do you want bangs? Donna N«l«. Repecte comam. No. Comb my hair back.

T«nstr¿x V¿sne etiam c«mere comam Do you want me to set your hair novissim« mod«? in the latest style? Donna Ita. Utrum prius laut»ra es Yes. Are you going to wash my comam? hair first?

T«nstr¿x Sc¿licet ego semper comam lav« Of course, I always wash the hair antequam eam c«m«. before I set it. Donna S¿ t» vac§s, n«n modo cr¿sp§ sed If you have time, don’t only curl etiam tinge comam. my hair but also color it.

160 Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions 161

T«nstr¿x Vac«. Mihi cr¡de, am§bis hunc I have time. Believe me, you will novum c«mptum. love this new hairdo.

LEVEL II Choosing a career. Pater V¿sne, m¿ f¿l¿, esse aliquand« Father: Son, would you like to be rati«cin§tor? an accountant someday? F¿lius Null« mod«! Me§ sententi§, Son: No way! Math, I think, is a math¡matica est doctr¿na very difficult subject. Besides, difficillima. Porr«, taedet m¡ accounting books bore me. tabul§rum accept¿ et exp¡ns¿.

Pater Fortasse vel¿s medic¿nam Maybe you’d want to practice exerc¡re. Medic¿, ut sc¿s, magn§ medicine. Doctors, as you auct«rit§te »tuntur. know, enjoy a lot of prestige. F¿lius At medic¿ arcessuntur omnibus But doctors are on call at all h«r¿s di¡¿ et noctis. Numquam hours of the day and night. tempus subsic¿vum habent. They never have time off.

Pater Vel¿sne fier¿ causidicus? R¡ v¡r§, Would you like to become a causidic¿ ingentem pec»niam lawyer? After all, lawyers make faciunt. big money. F¿lius Mihi n«n est ista callidit§s quae I don’t have that shrewdness that est causidic«rum, s¿ sc¿s quid is typical of lawyers, if you mihi velim. know what I mean.

Pater Vel¿sne remp»blicam in¿re et Would you like to enter politics aliquand« sen§tor fier¿? and eventually become a senator? F¿lius Sen§t«r¡s quidem multum valent, Senators do have a lot of clout, sed saepe sibi magis quam but often they look after popul« c«nsulunt. themselves rather than the people.

Pater Fortasse m§l¿s exerc¡re »num ex Perhaps you would prefer to artifici¿s. practice one of the trades. F¿lius N«l« fier¿ neque t«nsor neque I don’t want to become a barber p¿stor neque lanius neque s»tor or a baker or a butcher or shoe- neque argent§rius neque. . . . maker or a banker or a . . . . 162 Conversational Latin

Pater At »nusquisque nostrum debet But each and every one of us must v¿ctum quaerit§re earn a living some way or qu«modocumque! Quid d¡ other. What about the fine arts? artibus ¡leganti«ribus? F¿lius P¿ct«r¡s et sculpt«r¡s et scr¿pt«r¡s Painters and sculptors and habent proprium ingenium quod writers have a special talent mihi omn¿n« d¡est. which I lack completely.

Pater Quod tibi pl§n¡ d¡est, m¿ f¿l¿, n«n Son, what you obviously lack is est ingenium sed ambiti«! not ability but ambition!

LEVEL III A man plans to build a home. Dominus In anim« habe« domum novam Owner: I plan to build a new aedific§re. home. Conductor Qu« in loc«? Contractor: Where?

Dominus In Vi§ Nov§ in Monte Avent¿n«. On New Street on the Aventine Hill. Conductor Quand« opus mihi incipiendum When do I have to begin the est? work?

Dominus Sc¿licet quam pr¿mum. Quem Of course, as soon as possible. architectum commend§s? Whom do you recommend as architect? Conductor Vitr»vius potest architect§re tibi Vitruvius can design you a domum pulchram. beautiful home.

Dominus Ego eum pr«tinus arcessam. I’ll call him right away. Conductor Et ego pr«tinus cond»cam And I will immediately hire caement§ri«s, laterum (some) workers in concrete, str»ct«r¡s, t¡ct«r¡s, fabr«s bricklayers, plasterers, tign§ri«s atque magnum gregem carpenters and a large crew of oper§ri«rum. laborers.

Dominus Quand« poterunt caement§ri¿ When can the concrete workers fund§mentum iacere? pour the foundation? Conductor Tr¿du« aut quadridu« summum. Within three days or four at most.

Dominus Quid deinde? What then? Conductor Post iactum fund§mentum, After the foundation has been str»ct«r¡s later¡s struere laid, the bricklayers will be poterunt. able to lay the bricks. Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions 163

Dominus Quid fit deinde? And what happens then? Conductor T¡ct«r¡s t¡ct«rium parietibus The plasterers will plaster the ind»cent. walls.

Dominus N«l¿ obl¿v¿sc¿, iub¡ p¿ct«r¡s Don’t forget, have the painters pariet¡s §tri¿ tabl¿n¿que pingere. paint the walls of the atrium and the study. Conductor V¿sne etiam p¿ct»r§s »d« t¡ct«ri«? Do you also want frescoes?

Dominus Ita. Vol« p¿ct»r§s M»s§rum et Yes. I want pictures of the Muses nymph§rum. and nymphs. Conductor Ubi v¿s opus tessell§tum in Where do you want mosaics on pav¿ment¿s? the floor?

Dominus In §tri« et tr¿cl¿ni« et tabl¿n« et In the atrium, the dining room, omnibus cubicul¿s. the study, and all the bedrooms. Conductor C«nficiam t«tam domum intr§ sex I shall finish the entire home m¡ns¡s. within six months.

Dominus Bene s§n¡. C»r§b« ut contractus Very good. I shall see to it that c«nscr¿b§tur. the contract is drawn up.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______accountant rati«cin§t·or |«ris m (·r¿x actress sc¡nic·a |ae f, §ct·rix |¿cis f |r¿cis f), rati«n§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) go on the stage in scaenam pr«de« account rati·« |«nis f; the account pr«d¿re pr«di¿ balances rati« c«nstat movie f§bul·a |ae f c¿n¡matographica account books tabul·ae |§rum fpl play f§bul·a |ae f (accept¿ et exp¡ns¿) play the lead role pr¿m§s part¡s accounting c«nfecti·« |«nis f ag·« |ere ¡g¿ §ctus tabul§rum play the role of a general audit accounts rati«n¡s dispun·g« imper§t«rem agere |gere |x¿ |ctus scenery sc¡n·a |ae f balance accounts rati«n¡s c«nfer« c«nferre contul¿ coll§tus stage sc¡n·a |ae f, prosc¡ni·um |¿ n keep books tabul§s c«nfic·i« |ere ambassador leg§t·us |¿ m c«nf¡c¿ c«nfectus announcer ann»nti§t·or |«ris m, acrobat f»nambul·us |¿ m ann»nti§t·r¿x |¿cis f actor histri·« |«nis m, §ct·or |«ris m architect architect·us |¿ m act tr & intr ag·« |ere ¡g¿ §ctus architecture architect»r·a |ae f 164 Conversational Latin

design (buildings) architect§re principal cap·ut |itis n artist artif·ex |icis mf simple interest perpetuum faen·us athlete §thl¡t·a |ae mf |oris n athletics §thl¡tic·a |ae f barber t«ns·or |«ris m baker p¿st·or |«ris m, p¿str·¿x |¿cis f (see barber chair sell·a |ae f t«ns«ria also Chapter VIII) barber shop t«nstr¿n·a |ae f bake coqu·« |ere cox¿ coctus clippers m§chinul·a |ae f capill¿s bakery p¿str¿n·a |ae f resecand¿s banker argent§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) comb s pect·en |inis m account rati·« |«nis f comb tr pect·« |ere pex¿ pexus bank argent§ri·a |ae f, tabern·a |ae f cut (hair) tonde« tond¡re totond¿ argent§ria t«nsus bank book libell·us |¿ m hair (of the head) capill·us |¿ m, (or compars«rium, argent§riae libellus with no distinction) capill·¿ |«rum mpl, com·a |ae f; (in locks or banking business argent§ri·a |ae f; dressed) cr¿n·is |is m to run a (big) banking business argent§riam (maximam) fac·i« |ere hairdo c«mpt·us |»s m f¡c¿ factus haircut t«ns»r·a |ae f bill (paper money) numm·us |¿ m hair style t«ns·us |»s m chart§reus; ten-dollar bill nummus razor nov§cul·a |ae f chart§reus decem dollar«rum scissors forficul·ae |§rum fpl borrow money at interest pec»niam faenor¿ accip·i« |ere acc¡p¿ acceptus shave tr r§d·« |ere r§s¿ r§sus; (regularly) r§sit§re; to shave every check syngraph·a |ae f, mand§t·um day faciem c«t¿di¡ r§sit§re |¿ n numm§rium; to cash a check arc§ri« syngrapham praeb·e« |¡re |u¿ shave s r§s»r·a |ae f solvendam; to write a check bartender ministr§t·or |«ris m, syngrapham perscr¿b·« |ere ministr§tr·¿x |¿cis f perscr¿ps¿ serve (drinks, food) to ministr§re compound interest anatocism·us (+ dat) |¿ m beautician «rn§tr·¿x |¿cis f (see deposit money in the bank hairdresser) pec»niam in argent§ri§ d¡p«n·« |ere bookkeeper actu§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) d¡posu¿ d¡positus (see accountant) interest faen·us |oris n; at interest bookseller bibliop«l·a |ae m faenor¿ or faenore bookcase biblioth¡c·a |ae f lend money at interest pec»niam faenor¿ d« dare ded¿ datus book li·ber |br¿ m manage a bank argent§riam bookshelf plute·us |¿ m moder·or |§r¿ moder§tus sum bookstore libr§ri·a |ae f passbook argent§riae libell·us |¿ m boxer pugil, pugil·is m (see Chapter V) Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions 165 bricklayer laterum struct·or |«ris m (see drill tr terebr§re mason) hammer malle·us |¿ m brick s lat·er |eris m (coct¿lis = nail s cl§v·us |¿ m baked) nail tr (to) cl§v¿s c«nf¿g·« |ere brick adj laterici·us |a |um c«nf¿x¿ c«nf¿xus (+ dat); to nail lay bricks later¡s stru·« |ere strux¿ (boards) together (tabul§s) inter s¡ structus cl§v¿s c«nf¿gere builder str»ct·or |«ris m, aedific§t·or plane s runc¿n·a |ae f |«ris m plane tr runc¿n§re build exstru·« |ere exstrux¿ pliers for·ceps |cipis mf exstructus, aedific§re ruler r¡gul·a |ae f building aedifici·um |¿ n saw s serr·a |ae f erect, put up exstruere saw tr serr§ sec·« |§re |u¿ |tus ¶ intr businessman neg«ti§t·or |«ris m serram d»c·« |ere d»x¿ ductus a business neg«ti·um |¿ n square n«rm·a |ae f be engaged in business in neg«ti« cashier arc§ri·us |¿ m, arc§ri·a |ae f vers·or |§r¿ |§tus sum chauffeur autoraed§ri·us |¿ m business adj neg«ti§l·is |is |e chef archimag¿r·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) business establishment (with its chemist chemiae per¿t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) premises) neg«ti§ti·« |«nis f chemical adj chemic·us |a |um business letter epistul·a |ae f neg«ti§lis chemical s chemic·um |¿ n businesswoman neg«ti§tr·¿x |¿cis f chemistry chemi·a |ae f close a business deal neg«tium (or cook s coqu·us |¿ m, coqu·a |ae f rem) c«nfic·i« |ere c«nf¡c¿ c«nfectus bake torr·e« |¡re |u¿ tostus; in furn« do (carry on) business neg«ti·or |§r¿ coquere |§tus sum boil tr fervefac·i« |ere fervef¡c¿ fervefactus ¶ intr ferv·e« |¡re ferbu¿ run a business neg«tium exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus boiled ¡lix·us |a |um transact business with s.o. cook tr coqu·« |ere cox¿ coctus ¶ neg«tium cum aliqu« tr§nsig·« |ere intr (of s.th. cooked in liquid) |¡g¿ |§ctus ¿nferv¡sc·« |ere butcher lani·us |¿ m (see Chapter VIII) fry fr¿g·« |ere fr¿x¿ fr¿ctus butcher shop lani¡n·a |ae f kitchen cul¿n·a |ae f carpenter fa·ber |br¿ m tign§rius oven furn·us |¿ m chisel s scalpr·um |¿ n stove foc·us |¿ m chisel tr scalpr« caed·« |ere cec¿d¿ craftsman fa·ber |br¿ m caesus craft artifici·um |¿ n drill s terebr·a |ae f craftsmanship artifici·um |¿ n 166 Conversational Latin doctor medic·us |¿ m, medic·a |ae f farm house v¿ll·a |ae f r»stica cure tr san§re feed p§sc·« |ere p§v¿ p§stus cure s remedi·um |¿ n field a·ger |gr¿ m; (untilled) camp·us doctor’s office medic¿n·a |ae f |¿ m heal s§n§re garden hort·us |¿ m r»sticus medicine medic¿n·a |ae f grain fr»ment·um |¿ n pill pilul·a |ae f harvest s mess·is |is f (m) treat c»r§re harvest tr d¡met« |ere d¡messu¿ d¡messus treatment c»r·a |ae f hay f¡n·um |¿ n; to make hay f¡num druggist medic§ment§ri·us |¿ m (·a sec·« |§re |u¿ |tus |ae f) hayloft f¡n¿l·ia |ium npl drug medic§m·en |inis n herd grex, gregis m drugstore medic§ment§ri·a |ae f horse equ·us |¿ m dry cleaner full·« |«nis m meadow pr§t·um |¿ n dry cleaner’s (establishment) milk lac, lactis n full«nic·a |ae f milk tr mul·ge« |g¡re |s¿ |sus or electrician ¡lectridis artif·ex |icis m |ctus electricity ¡lectr·is |idis f oats av¡n·a |ae f electric(al) ¡lectric·us |a |um orchard p«m§ri·um |¿ n wire f¿l·um |¿ n pasture p§scu·um |¿ n engineer machin§t·or |«ris m (·r¿x pig porc·us |¿ m, porc·a |ae f |r¿cis f) plant ser·« |ere s¡v¿ s§tus; to plant engineering machin§lis scienti·a a field agrum c«nserere |ae f plow s ar§tr·um |¿ n farmer agricol·a |ae mf plow tr ar§re barley horde·um |¿ n raise (crops, animals) ¡duc§re barn horre·um |¿ n reap met·« |ere messu¿ messus barnyard coh·ors |ortis f reaper mess·or |«ris m; (machine) cattle pec·us |oris n mestr·um |¿ n lig§t«ri»m chicken pull·us |¿ m gall¿n§ceus, sheep ov·is |is f gall¿n·a |ae f stable stabul·um |¿ n; (for horses) corn maizi·um |¿ n equ¿l·e |is n; (for cows) bov¿l·e |is n; corncob maizi¿ sp¿c·a |ae f (for sheep) ov¿l·e |is n; (for pigs) cow vacc·a |ae f su¿l·e |is n crops (standing grain) seg·es |etis f; straw str§ment·um |¿ n (field produce) fr»g·¡s |um fpl till col·« |ere |u¿ cultus farm fund·us |¿ m wheat tr¿tic·um |¿ n Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions 167 fireman vig·il |ilis m, s¿ph«n§ri·us |¿ m layer the hair comam in grad»s fire incendi·um |¿ n; to put out a frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus fire incendium exstingu·« |ere mirror specul·um |¿ n exst¿nx¿ exst¿nctus part s discr¿m·en |inis n fire engine s¿ph·« |«nis m part tr (the hair) discr¿min§re fisherman pisc§t·or |«ris m (see redhead r»til·a |ae f Chapter V) style mod·us |¿ m fortuneteller hariol·us |¿ m, hariol·a |ae f wavy cr¿sp·us |a |um tell fortunes hariol·or |§r¿ |§tus sum innkeeper caup·« |«nis m grocer macell§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) inn caup«n·a |ae f grocery store macell·um |¿ n journalist diurn§ri·us |¿ m, (·a |ae f) groceries obs«ni·um |¿ n journalism diurn§ria ar·s |tis f guard cust·«s |«dis m judge i»d·ex |icis mf hairdresser «rn§tr·¿x |¿cis f, t«nstr·¿x laborer oper§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) |¿cis f (see barber) lawyer causidic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); (for bangs anti·ae |§rum fpl the defense) advoc§t·us |¿ m (·a |ae blond adj fl§v·us |a |um f) brunette fusc·us |a |um librarian biblioth¡c§ri·us m, (·a |ae f) color col«r§re, ting·« |ere t¿nx¿ library biblioth¡c·a |ae f t¿nctus machinist m§chin§t·or |«ris m comb s pect·en |inis m magician mag·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) comb tr pec·t« |tere |x¿ |xus; to do tricks praest¿gi·or |§r¿ comb back repectere; to comb magic magica ar·s |tis f; practice forward pr«pectere; to comb out magic magic§s art¡s exerc·e« |¡re expectere |u¿ |itus curl s (natural) cirr·us |¿ m; maid ancill·a |ae f, famul·a |ae f cincinn·us |¿ m mailman tabell§ri·us |¿ m curl tr cr¿sp§re deliver red·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus curler calamistr·um |¿ n forward d¡fer« d¡ferre d¡tul¿ d¡l§tus curly cr¿sp·us |a |um mail epistul·ae |§rum fpl, r¡s fpl cut tond·e« |¡re totond¿ t«nsus cursu§l¡s do (the hair) c«m·« |ere c«mps¿ c«mptus mail tr d« dare ded¿ datus dye tr ting·« |ere t¿nx¿ t¿nctus mailbox caps·a |ae f tabell§ria hair com·a |ae f, capill·us |¿ m, or packet, package fascicul·us |¿ m capill·¿ |«rum mpl postage vect»r·a |ae f litter§rum hairdo c«mpt·us |»s m stack of mail multiiugae litterae hair style t«ns·us |»s m stamp pitt§ci·um |¿ n cursu§le 168 Conversational Latin mason fa·ber |br¿ m lapid§rius (see organ organ·um |¿ n bricklayer) piano cl§vicordi·um |¿ n concrete concr¡t·um |¿ n play (an instrument) cant§re (+ abl), cement cal·x |cis f can·« |ere cecin¿ cantus (+ abl) level libr·a |ae f trumpet tub·a |ae f mortar har¡n§t·um |¿ n violin fidicul·a |ae f plummet perpendicul·um |¿ n nurse aegr«rum ministr·a |ae f, nosocom·a |ae f; (male) aegr«rum square norm·a |ae f minist·er |r¿ m, nosocom·us |¿ m trowel trull·a |ae f painter p¿ct·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f) mechanic mechanicus opif·ex |icis m brush p¡nicill·us |¿ m repair refic·i« |ere ref¡c¿ refectus canvas textil·e |is n merchant merc§t·or |«ris m; (in a paint s pigment·um |¿ n market) macell§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) paint tr & intr ping·« |ere p¿nx¿ merchandise merc·¡s |ium fpl p¿ctus metal worker metall«rum fab·er |r¿ m painting (the art; picture) p¿ct»r·a midwife obstetr·¿x |¿cis f |ae f; (painting on a board) tabul·a miner metall§ri·us |¿ m |ae f (p¿cta) mine s fod¿n·a |ae f, metall·um |¿ n; pharmacist (see druggist) coal mine fod¿n·a |ae f carb«n§ria; photographer ph«tograph·us |¿ m, gold mine aurifod¿n·a |ae f; silver ph«tograph·a |ae f mine argentifod¿n·a |ae f; iron mine photo shop offic¿n·a |ae f ferrifod¿n·a |ae f; salt mine fod¿n·a ph«tographica |ae f salin§ria; to operate a mine metallum exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus pilot gubern§t·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f) (see pilot, Chapter XXIV) mine tr effod·i« |ere eff«d¿ eff«ssus plasterer t¡ct·or |«ris m mine shaft fod¿nae pute·us |¿ n plaster s t¡ct«ri·um |¿ n minister minis·ter |tr¿ m (·tra |trae f), plaster tr (a wall) t¡ct«rium (pariet¿) p§st·or |«ris mf ind»c·« |ere ind»x¿ inductus musician m»sic·us |¿ m, m»sic·a |ae f playwright f§bul§rum scr¿pt·or |«ris m band symph«ni·a |ae f (·r¿x |r¿cis f) concert concent·us |»s m plumber artif·ex |icis m plumb§rius drum tympan·um |¿ n; to play the pipe fistul·a |ae f drum tympanum puls§re poet po¡t·a |ae m flute t¿bi·a |ae f poem po¡m·a |atis n; to write a guitar cithar·a |ae f Hisp§nica poem po¡ma fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus lyre lyr·a |ae f poetess po¡tri·a |ae f musical instrument organ·um |¿ n poetry po¡s·is |is f orchestra symph«ni·a |ae f police officer vigil, vigilis mf Chapter XVIII: Trades and Professions 169 porter b§iul·us |¿ m shipbuilder naup¡g·us |¿ m potter figul·us |¿ m shipyard n§v§l·ia |ium npl potter’s clay cr¡t·a |ae f figl¿na shoemaker s»t·or |«ris m potter’s wheel rot·a |ae f figul§ris shoe calce·us |¿ m pottery fictil·ia |ium npl shoemaker’s shop s»tr¿n·a |ae f priest sacerd·«s |«tis mf singer cant§t·or |«ris m, cant§tr·¿x priesthood sacerd«ti·um |¿ n |¿cis f producer chor§g·us |¿ m sing can« canere cecin¿ cantus, cant§re prostitute meretr·¿x |¿cis f, pr«stit»t·a |ae f; to be a prostitute pr«st·« |§re song cant·us |»s m, cantic·um |¿ n pr«stit¿ soldier m¿l·es |itis mf (see chapter on psychiatrist ps£ch¿§t·er |r¿ m (·ria War and Peace) |riae f) surgeon ch¿rurg·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) psychologist ps£cholog·us |¿ m (·a |ae operate on sec·« |§re |u¿ |tus f) operation secti·« |«nis f publisher ¡dit·or |«ris m, ¡ditr·¿x |¿cis f surgery ch¿rurgi·a |ae f retailer prop«l·a |ae m tailor (making clothes) vestific·us |¿ m sailor naut·a |ae m, nautri·a |ae f (·a |ae f); (altering clothes) saleslady (in a shop) tabern§ri·a |ae f sarcin§t·or |«ris m (see seamstress) salesman (in a shop) tabern§ri·us |¿ m tailor shop offic¿n·a |ae f vestium traveling salesman ¿nstit·or |«ris m tax collector ex§ct·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis sculptor sculpt·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f) f), p»blic§n·us |¿ m bust im§g·« |inis f collect taxes vect¿g§lia exig·« |ere carve sculp·« |ere |s¿ |tus ex¡g¿ ex§ctus chisel scalpr·um |¿ n tax vect¿g·al |§lis n sculpture sculpt»r·a |ae f teacher magis·ter |tr¿ m, magistr·a |ae f (see the chapter on school) statue statu·a |ae f, sign·um |¿ n travel agent itinerum pr«c»r§t·or |«ris seamstress (making clothes) vestific·a m (·r¿x |r¿cis f) |ae f; (altering clothes) sarcin§tr·¿x |¿cis f typist dactylograph·us |¿ m, (·a |ae f) embroider ac» ping·« |ere p¿nx¿ type dactylographi« scr¿b·« |ere p¿ctus scr¿ps¿ scr¿ptus mend sarc·i« |¿re sars¿ sartus typewriter dactylographi·um |¿ n, machinul·a |ae f scr¿pt«ria needle ac·» |»s f typing dactylographica ar·s |tis f sew su·« |ere |¿ s»tus secretary §manu¡ns·is |is mf; § man» undertaker poll¿nct·or |«ris m mf coffin capul·us |¿ m sheriff geraef·a |ae m corpse cad§v·er |eris n 170 Conversational Latin

funeral f»n·us |eris n; to attend a wine merchant v¿n§ri·us |¿ m, funeral in f»nus ven·i« (of several oenop«l·¡s |ae m conven·i«) |¿re v¡n¿ barrel c»p·a |ae f waiter minist·er |r¿ m wine v¿n·um |¿ n serve (food) app«n·« |ere apposu¿ wine shop oenop«li·um |¿ n appositus wrestler luct§t·or |«ris m wait on ministr§re (+ dat) wrestle luct·or |§r¿ |§tus sum waitress ministr·a |ae f wrestling, wrestling match luct§ti·« wholesaler magn§ri·us |¿ m |«nis f wholesale adj magn§ri·us |a |um writer scr¿pt·or |«ris m, scr¿ptr·¿x |¿cis f) Chapter XIX: The City and Public Buildings

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Discussing the merits of city life.

Anna D¿c mihi, Gualtere, c»r praefers in Anna: Tell me, Walter, why do urbe habit§re quam r»r¿. you prefer living in the city rather than in the country? Gualterus Quia commodius est in urbe Walter: Because it is more habit§re. convenient to live in the city.

Anna Quid ita? How so? Gualterus Pedibus ¿re possum ad scholam et I can go on foot to school and to ad vari§s tabern§s. the different shops.

Anna V¿sit§sne umquam biblioth¡cam Do you ever visit the public p»blicam an pinacoth¡cam an library or art gallery or m»s¡um? museum? Gualterus R§r«. Sed saepe e« ad stadium aut Rarely. But I often go to the amphithe§trum aut therm§s aut stadium or the amphitheater or gymnasium. the baths or the gymnasium.

Anna N«nne comme§tus vehicul«rum et Aren’t the traffic and the noise of strepitus vi§rum turbaeque tibi the streets and the crowds molestiae sunt? bothersome to you? Gualterus Est«! Interdum istae r¡s quidem Granted! At times those things are molestae sunt, sed ubi est v¿ta bothersome all right, but where perfecta? is life perfect?

171 LEVEL II Jennifer wants to go to town. Iennifer M§rt¿ne, potesne m¡ add»cere in Jennifer: Martin, can you take oppidum? me into town? M§rt¿nus Cert¡. Quid v¿s facere in oppid«? Martin: Sure. What do you want to do in town?

Iennifer Multa. Pr¿mum vol« ¿re in Lots. First, I want to go to the tabernam chart§riam. stationery store. M§rt¿nus Quid ibi emere v¿s? What do you want to buy there?

Iennifer Chartam scr¿pt«riam et librum Writing paper and a cookbook. coquin§t«rium. But they don’t sell cookbooks in M§rt¿nus At n«n v¡nditant libr«s the stationery store but in a coquin§t«ri«s in tabern§ bookstore, for example at the chart§ri§ sed in libr§ri§, ut put§, Sossii Brothers. apud Sossi«s Fr§tr¡s.

Iennifer Ubi terr§rum est illa libr§ria? Where in the world is that bookstore? M§rt¿nus Est in loc« quod Arg¿l¡tum It’s in a place called the appell§tur. Argiletum.

Iennifer Ubi itaque est Arg¿l¡tum? Where then is the Argiletum? M§rt¿nus Em, Arg¿l¡tum est in empori« Well, the Argiletum is in Rome’s inclut« R«mae. Est exadversum famous business district. It’s macellum. across the street from [lit: opposite] the market.

Iennifer Eu! S¿ tibi «tium sit, velim etiam Great! If you have the time, I in macellum ¿re, nam obs«nia would also like to go to the mihi comparanda sunt. market, since I have to get some groceries. M§rt¿nus Agedum, cito e§mus. Mihi n«n est Come on, let’s go quickly. I don’t multum tempus subsic¿vum. have a lot of spare time.

LEVEL III Asking for directions in the city. Peregr¿nus Ign«sce mihi, bone vir. Mihi Foreigner: Pardon me, sir. I seem videor deërr§visse. Qu« m¡ to have lost my way. I don’t vertam nesci«. know which way to turn. Vigil Qu« v¿s ¿re? Viam tibi libenter Policeman: Where do you want to ostendam. go? I’ll gladly show you the way. Chapter XIX: The City and Public Buildings 173

Peregr¿nus Ubi est stadium, quaes«? Where is the stadium, please? Vigil R¡ct§ perge per tr¡s v¿c«s »sque Go straight ahead for three blocks ad the§trum; dein t¡ verte as far as the theater; then turn dextrorsum et pr«c¡de »sque ad right and go on to the second secundum compitum. Stadium intersection. The stadium will erit ab laev§. be on your left.

Peregr¿nus Et ubi est gymnasium? And where is the gymnasium? Vigil Haud procul est § stadi«. Ubi It isn’t far from the stadium. stadium praeterieris, r¡ct§ perge When you have passed the per du«s v¿c«s; ibi stat templum stadium, go straight ahead for in alter« angul« et thermae in two blocks; there a temple alter« angul«. T¡ verte stands on the one corner and sinistrorsum et ambul§ per tr¡s the baths on the other corner. v¿c«s. C«nspici¡s dein Turn left and go three blocks. gymnasium prope moenia urbis. You will then see the gymnasium near the city walls.

Peregr¿nus Estne pop¿na in e§ vic¿ni§? Is there a restaurant in the vicinity? Vigil Est pop¿na in omn¿ fer¡ angul«. There is a restaurant on practically every corner.

Peregr¿nus Gr§ti§s mult§s! Thanks a lot. Vigil Bene ambul§! Have a good trip!

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______alley angiport·um |¿ n bath balne·um |¿ n; (large bathing Argiletum Arg¿l¡t·um |¿ n (a district of establishment) therm·ae |§rum fpl Rome extending from the base of the blind alley fundul·a |ae f Quirinal to the Capitoline and block v¿c·us |¿ m chiefly inhabited by booksellers and mechanics) bookstore libr§ri·a |ae f amphitheater amphithe§tr·um |¿ n business district empori·um |¿ n apartment building ¿nsul·a |ae f butcher shop lani¡n·a |ae f aqueduct aquaeduct·us |»s m church eccl¡si·a |ae f art gallery pinacoth¡c·a |ae f citadel ar·x |cis f bakery p¿str¿n·a |ae f city urb·s |is f bank argent§ri·a |ae f city hall c»ri·a |ae f barbershop t«nstr¿n·a |ae f clothing store tabern·a |ae f vesti§ria 174 Conversational Latin courthouse basilic·a |ae f prison carc·er |eris m dead-end street fundul·a |ae f race track hippodrom·us |¿ m department store pantop«li·um |¿ n restaurant caup«n·a |ae f doctor’s office medic¿n·a |ae f saloon tabern·a |ae f p«t«ria drugstore medic§ment§ri·a |ae f school l»d·us |¿ m, schol·a |ae f dry cleaner’s full«nic·a |ae f savings bank argent§ri·a |ae f pec»li¿s fire station stati·« |«nis f vigilum asservand¿s fish market for·um |¿ n pisc§rium senate building c»ri·a |ae f flower shop tabern·a |ae f fl«r§lis shoemaker s»t·or |«ris m gas station stati·« |«nis f benz¿n§ria shoe store tabern·a |ae f calce§ment§ria grocery store macell·um |¿ n shoemaker’s s»tr¿n·a |ae f gymnasium gymnasi·um |¿ n shop tabern·a |ae f; (workshop) offic¿n·a |ae f hardware store tabern·a |ae f ferr§ria side street d¡verticul·um |¿ n high school schol·a |ae f superior sidewalk crep¿d·« |inis f hospital val¡t»din§ri·um |¿ n square §re·a |ae f hotel hospiti·um |¿ n, d¡vers«ri·um |¿ n stadium stadi·um |¿ n intersection compit·um |¿ n, quadrivi·um |¿ n stationery store tabern·a |ae f chart§ria jewelry store gemm§ri·a |ae f street vi·a |ae f, plat¡·a |ae f; across the street from exadversum (+ acc) laundry full«nic·a |ae f suburbs continent·ia |ium npl library biblioth¡c·a |ae f synagogue synag«g·a |ae f bookshelf plute·us |¿ m temple templ·um |¿ n, aed·¡s |is f mall for·um |¿ n subt¡gul§neum theater the§tr·um |¿ n museum m»s¡·um |¿ n tower turr·is |is f park hort·¿ |«rum mpl town oppid·um |¿ n pastry shop cuppedin§ri·a |ae f traffic comme§t·us |»s m vehicul«rum perfume store tabern·a |ae f unguent§ria wall m»r·us |¿ m; walls moen·ia |ium npl police station stati·« |«nis f vigilum warehouse apoth¡c·a |ae f portico portic·us |»s f zoo v¿v§ri·um |¿ n post office diribit«ri·um |¿ n cursu§le Chapter XX: Government

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I A father explains to his son his involvement in politics.

F¿lius Pater, c»r v¿s c«nsul fier¿? Son: Father, why do you want to become a consul? Pater Quia ego iam omn¡s ali«s hon«r¡s Father: Because I have already gess¿. held all the other offices.

F¿lius Qu«s hon«r¡s gessist¿? What offices have you held? Pater Pr¿m« quaestor eram, deinde First I was quaestor, then aedile, aed¿lis, deinde praetor. Nunc then praetor. Now I’m running c«nsul§tum pet«. for the consulship.

F¿lius Suntne mult¿ compet¿t«r¡s? Are there many opponents? Pater Sunt v¡r«. There are indeed.

F¿lius Suntne e¿ omn¡s patrici¿ d¿vit¡s? Are they all rich patricians? Pater Omn¡s sunt vir¿ magnae gr§tiae et All are men of great influence and d¿viti§rum. wealth.

F¿lius Potestne pauper cre§r¿ c«nsul? Can a poor man be elected consul? Pater Fier¿ potest sed difficillimum est. It is possible, but it is very difficult.

F¿lius Ubi comitia hab¡buntur? Where will the elections be held? Pater In Camp« M§rti«, ut solent. In the Campus Martius as usual.

F¿lius Quand« comitia hab¡buntur? When will the elections be held? Pater Hodi¡ post mer¿diem. This afternoon.

F¿lius Tibi f¡l¿citer, pater! Good luck to you, Father. Pater Gr§ti§s, m¿ f¿l¿. Thank you, son.

175 176 Conversational Latin

LEVEL II A senator explains how government works. Sen§tor D§ mihi togam praetextam et Senator: Give me my purple- mulle«s. bordered toga and senatorial shoes. Uxor Qu« ab¿s iterum? Wife: Where are you off to again?

Sen§tor Num ign«r§s m¡ hodi¡ pr« r«str¿s Don’t you know that I am going or§ti«nem habit»rum esse? to give a speech today from the rostrum? Uxor N«nne sen§tus hodi¡ conveniet? Isn’t the senate meeting today?

Sen§tor Etiam. Leg§t¿ ¡ Graeci§ d¡ Yes. Ambassadors from Greece vect¿g§libus sen§tum will address the senate about adloquentur. the taxes. Uxor Querenturne d¡ vect¿g§libus an d¡ Are they going to complain about ex§ct«ribus? the taxes or the tax collectors?

Sen§tor D¡ utr¿sque. Ut sc¿s, R«ma novum About both. As you know, Rome vect¿gal ist¿s Graecul¿s imposed a new tax on those imposuit. poor Greeks. Uxor Quid praeses provinciae Achaeae What does the governor of the d¡ nov« vect¿g§l¿ d¿cit? province of Achaea say about the new tax?

Sen§tor Praeses d¿cit n«n s«lum vect¿gal The governor says that not only sed etiam ex§ct«r¡s esse the tax but also the tax admodum in¿qu«s. collectors are very unfair. Uxor C»r r¡s p»blica vect¿g§lia ex Why does the government pr«vinci¿s nostr¿s c«nstanter constantly collect taxes from exigit? our provinces?

Sen§tor Est simplex. R«ma merc¡dem It is simple. Rome pays a salary to tribuit ex§ct«ribus et tax collectors, their employers, conduct«ribus et accountants, and innumerable rati«cin§t«ribus et innumer¿s staff members and clerks. contubern§libus scr¿b¿sque. Uxor At s¿ vect¿g§lia n«n imp«nerentur But if taxes were not imposed and et exigerentur, n«n omn¿n« collected, there would be no opus esset h¿sce omnibus need at all to pay salaries to all merc¡dem tribuere. these people.

Sen§tor Manifest« t» rem p»blicam n«n Obviously you do not understand intellegis! politics! Chapter XX: Government 177

LEVEL III How the senate conducts business. Novus N«nne sen§tus hodi¡ habitus est? Freshman Senator: A senate Hom« session was held today, wasn’t it? C«nsul Habitus est, sed nihil in sen§t» Consul: It was, but nothing was c«nfectum est. accomplished in the senate.

N. Hom« Quidn¿? D¡ qu« discept§tum est? Why not? What was the debate about? C«nsul Crassus rettulit d¡ imperi« I»li¿ Crassus made a motion about the Caesaris, qu¿ bellum Gall¿s military command of Julius inferre vult. Caesar, who wants to go to war with the Gauls.

N. Hom« Quispiam in Crass¿ sententiam Did anyone second Crassus’ d¿c¡bat? motion? C«nsul Pomp¡ius vid¡b§tur assent¿r¿ Pompey seemed to go along with Crass«, sed omn¡s fer¡ Crassus, but almost all the optim§t¡s sententiae Crass¿ conservatives objected to obsist¡bant. Crassus’ motion.

N. Hom« Quid dix¡runt Caesari§n¿? What did the members of Caesar’s party say? C«nsul C»ri«, trib»nus pl¡bis, Caesaris Curio, the tribune of the people, causam magn« cum studi« ¡git. pleaded Caesar’s cause with great enthusiasm.

N. Hom« Et quid d¡ t¡? And what about you? C«nsul Ego breviter sententiam d¿x¿, sed I expressed my opinion briefly, n«lu¿ pr«palam assent¿r¿ Crass«. but I did not want to agree with Crassus openly.

N. Hom« Num discessi« facta est in Crass¿ Was a vote taken on Crassus’ sententiam? motion? C«nsul N«n. Cat«, hom« equidem No. Cato, a really respectable but honestus sed furi«sus, mad man, tried to veto the sententiae interc¡dere c«n§tus motion. est.

N. Hom« Praeval¡batne Cat«? Sen§t»s Did Cato win out? Was the senate c«nsultum factum est? decree passed? C«nsul N«n factum est; sententia tamen It did not pass; however, the est perscr¿pta. Subinde, m¡ motion was put on record. After referente, sen§tus d¿missus est. that, on my motion, the senate was dismissed. 178 Conversational Latin

N. Hom« Quis in Crass¿ sententiam ¿vit? Who supported Crassus’ proposal? C«nsul C»ri«, trib»nus pl¡bis, et pauc¿ Curio, the tribune of the people, am¿c¿ Crass¿. and only a few friends of Crassus.

N. Hom« Aestim§sne Caesarem aliquid Do you think that Caesar will get c«nsect»rum esse? anywhere? C«nsul Null« mod«. Homin¡s mox eius No way. People will soon forget obl¿v¿scentur. Numquam about him. He will never exercitu¿ in Galli§ imper§bit. command the army in Gaul.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______according to the law, as the law city urb·s |is f, c¿vit·§s |§tis f prescribes secundum l¡gem citizen c¿v·is |is mf; private citizen administration administr§ti·« |«nis f (who holds no political office) aedile aed¿l·is |is m pr¿v§t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) aedileship aed¿lit·§s |§tis f city council decuri«n·¡s |um mpl aristocracy n«bilit·§s |§tis f, optim§t·¡s council member decuri·« |«nis mf |ium mpl citizenship c¿vit·§s |§tis f assembly concili·um |¿ n civil c¿v¿l·is |is |e; civil rights i»·s |ris ballot tabell·a |ae f n c¿v¿le; loss (taking away) of civil ballot box suffr§gi«rum cist·a |ae f rights d¡min»ti·« |«nis f capitis; to deprive s.o. of civil rights capite bill rog§ti·« |«nis f alic»ius d¡minu·« |ere |¿ bribery (in politics) ambit·us |»s m civilian adj tog§tus |a |um, pr¿v§t·us |a bring to order in «rdinem c«g·« |ere |um co¡g¿ co§ctus civilian s tog§t·us |¿ m; (opposite of bureau ministeri·um |¿ n soldier) pr¿v§t·us |¿ m bureaucracy graph¡ocrati·a |ae f command (a legion, army) praesid·e« bureaucrat graph¡ocrat·es |ae mf |¡re praes¡d¿ (+ dat), imper§re (+ dat) campaign pet¿ti·« |«nis f; illegal campaign practices ambit·us |»s m committee concili·um |¿ n campaign intr amb·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ community c¿vit·§s |§tis f |itum congress congress·us |»s m candidate candid§t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) conservative adj c«nserv§t¿v·us |a |um cast a vote suffr§gium fer« ferre tul¿ conservative s c«nserv§t¿v·us |¿ m (·a l§tus |ae f); conservatives (in ancient censor c¡ns·or |«ris m Rome) optim§t·¡s |ium mpl Chapter XX: Government 179 constitution c«nstit»t·a |«rum npl governor praes·es |idis mf, gubern§t·or consul c«nsul |is m |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f); (of a minor province) pr«c»r§t·or |«ris m consulship c«nsul§t·us |»s m graft ambit·us |»s m debate s discept§ti·« |«nis f head of state r¡ct·or |«ris m c¿vit§tis debate tr discept§re (d¡ + abl) hold (an office) ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus decide (to, not to) (of the senate, also of imperial imperi§l·is |is |e supreme magistrates) c¡ns·e« |¡re |u¿ (ut or ne + subj) law l¡x, l¡gis f; (divine law) fas n (indecl); in accordance with the decree of the senate sen§t»s c«nsult·um law l¡ge |¿ n; to pass a decree of the senate sen§t»s c«nsultum fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ leave (office) ab·e« |¿re |i¿ (+ abl) factus legally l¡gitim¡ defeat repuls·a |ae f; defeat at the polls legislator l¡gisl§t·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis comiti¿s repulsa; defeat in running f) (in Roman government, a proposer for the consulship repulsa of a bill) c«nsul§t»s; to suffer a defeat lower class «rd·« |inis m ¿nferior repulsam fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus magistracy magistr§t·us |»s m democracy d¡mocrati·a |ae f magistrate magistr§t·us |»s m democrat d¡mocratic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) mayor praefect·us |¿ m urb¿; m§i·or democratic d¡mocratic·us |a |um |«ris mf dictator dict§t·or |«ris m motion sententi·a |ae f; on my motion dismiss (the senate) d¿mitt·« |ere d¿m¿s¿ m¡ referente; to approve a motion d¿missus sententiam comprob§re; to make a edict ¡dict·um |¿ n motion regarding refer« referre rettul¿ rel§tus d¡ (+ abl); to oppose a elect cre§re; (Roman senators) coöpt§re motion sententiae (dat) obsist·« |ere elections comiti·a |«rum npl; to hold obstit¿ elections comitia hab·e« |¡re |u¿ middle class «rd·« |inis m medius; (in |itus Rome) equit·¡s |um mpl emperor imper§t·or |«ris m; (title municipality m»nicipi·um |¿ n chosen by Augustus) pr¿nc·eps |ipis neutral null¿us partis (esse) m office hon·or |«ris m, magistr§t·us |»s faction facti·« |«nis f m; to gain an office magistr§tum (or fellow citizen c¿v·is |is mf suus (a) hon«rem) adsequ·or |¿ adsec»tus sum get somewhere aliquid c«nsequ·or |¿ opponent advers§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); c«nsec»tus sum (for office) compet¿t·or |«ris m (·r¿x govern (a province) praesid·e« |¡re |r¿cis f) praes¡d¿ (+ acc or dat); to govern party par·s |tis f; to join a party part¿ the country rem p»blicam gubern§re s¡ adiung·« |gere |x¿ government r¡s f p»blica (gen: re¿ pass (a law) (rog§ti«nem or l¡gem) p»blicae) (also written as one word) perfer« perferre pertul¿ perl§tus 180 Conversational Latin patrician patrici·us |a |um run for (an office) pet·« |ere pet¿v¿ plebeian pl¡b¡i·us |a |um pet¿tus; to run for office petere plebs pl¡bs, pl¡bis f senate building c»ri·a |ae f political c¿v¿l·is |is |e; for political senate sen§t·us |»s m reasons re¿ p»blicae caus§; political senate session sen§t·us |»s m; to call affairs (or matters) r¡s, r¡rum fpl (hold) a senate session sen§tum c¿v¿l¡s voc§re (hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus) political career curs·us |»s m hon«rum senator sen§t·or |«ris mf politician vir, vir¿ m c¿v¿lis, f¡mina |ae f senatorial sen§t«ri·us |a |um c¿v¿lis shake hands (when campaigning) politics r¡s, re¿ f p»blica; r¡s, re¿ f c¿v¿lis man»s pr¡ns§re (also plural); to enter politics rem shun publicity forum ac l»cem fug·i« p»blicam ine« in¿re in¿v¿ or ini¿; to |ere f»g¿ f»git»rus take part in politics in r¡ p»blic§ vers·or |§r¿ |§tus sum spirit of the law volunt·§s |§tis f l¡gis polling booth saept·um |¿ n squeeze the flesh (when campaigning) pr¡ns§re polls saept·a |«rum npl state (the state as a community) c¿vit·§s praetor praet·or |«ris m |§tis f; (of the U.S.) c¿vit§s foeder§ta praetorship praet»r·a |ae f statesman vir, vir¿ m c¿v¿lis preside (over) praesid·e« |¡re praes¡d¿ statute l¡x, l¡gis f (+ dat) tariff port«ri·um |¿ n president praesid·¡ns |entis m tax vect¿g·al |§lis n; to impose a tax on propose (a law) (l¡gem) fer« ferre tul¿ vect¿gal imp«n·« |ere imposu¿ l§tus impositus (+ dat) province pr«vinci·a |ae f tax collector ex§ct·or |«ris m (·r¿x quaestor quaest·or |«ris m |r¿cis f) quaestorship quaest»r·a |ae f term of office spati·um |¿ n (temporis) ratify a bill l¡gem iub·e« |¡re iuss¿ potest§tis iussus town oppid·um |¿ n recording secretary (in the Roman tribune of the people trib»n·us |¿ m senate) libr§ri·us |¿ m pl¡bis reject a bill l¡gem (or rog§ti«nem) tribunician power trib»nicia potest·§s ant¿qu§re |§tis f representative v¿c§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) unanimously »n§ v«ce republicans rep»blic§n·¿ |«rum mpl United States (of America) Ûn¿t¿ Stat»s (·ae |§rum fpl); (in ancient Rome) (Americae) (gen: Ûn¿t«rum Statuum) optim§t·¡s |ium mpl mpl; C¿v¿t§t·¡s |um fpl Foeder§tae retire in «tium s¡ refer« referre rettul¿ Americae rule tr reg·« |ere r¡x¿ r¡ctus upper class «rd·« |inis m superior Chapter XX: Government 181 upset (at the polls) off¡nsi·« |«nis f; to vote s suffr§gi·um |¿ n; a vote was suffer an upset off¡nsi«nem fer« taken on his motion (in the senate ferre tul¿ l§tus by moving to one side of the veto s intercessi·« |«nis f; to interpose chamber) discessi« facta est in eius a veto interc¡d·« |ere intercess¿ sententiam; to call for a vote (in the senate) discessi«nem fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ veto tr interc¡d·« |ere intercess¿ (+ dat) factus vice president vice praesid·¡ns |entis vote intr suffr§gium fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; mf (of a senator) c¡ns·e« |¡re |u¿; to vote for suffr§g§r¿ (+ dat) Chapter XXI: War and Peace

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Jenna finds that Dennis joined the army.

Ienna Salv¡, Dennis. Ex qu« tempore Jenna: Hello, Dennis. Since when fuist¿ «rn§t» m¿lit§r¿? have you been in military uniform? Dennis Abhinc qu¿nque fer¡ m¡ns¡s in Dennis: I went into the service m¿litiam in¿v¿. about five months ago.

Ienna Quand« rud¿menta m¿lit§ria When did you complete basic c«nf¡cist¿? training? Dennis Abhinc du«s m¡ns¡s. N«n iam Two months ago. I am no longer t¿r« rudis sum! a raw recruit!

Ienna Quamdi» rud¿menta m¿lit§ria How long did basic training last? d»r§v¡runt? Dennis D»r§v¡runt quattuor m¡ns¡s. It lasted four months. Now I am Nunc dom¿ sum in comme§t». home on furlough.

Ienna Quamdi» iam dom¿ es? How long have you been home? Dennis Comme§tum tr¿gint§ di¡rum I got a thirty-day furlough. impetr§v¿.

Ienna Quand« est comme§t»s di¡s? When is your furlough up? Dennis Cr§s profect« erit comme§t»s It’ll be up tomorrow in fact. di¡s.

Ienna Red¿bisne cr§s in castra? Will you return to camp tomorrow? Dennis R¡ct¡ d¿cis. Bene val¡, Ienna. That’s right. [lit: you speak correctly.] Good bye, Jenna.

182 Chapter XXI: War and Peace 183

LEVEL II A grandson asks his grandfather about his military service.

Colinus Er§sne, tata, in m¿liti§ inter Colin: Granddad, were you in the Bellum Secundum Mund§num? service during the Second World War? Avus Ita, m¿ nep«s. Ego et am¿c¿ omn¡s Granddad: Yes, grandson. All my in m¿litiam ¿vimus postquam friends and I went into the bellum in Eur«p§ ex§rsit. service after war broke out in Europe.

Colinus Er§sne volunt§rius an ¡voc§tus Were you a volunteer or were you es? called up? Avus Êvoc§tus sum. D¿l¡ctus hab¡b§tur, I was called up. They held a draft, et ego d¿l¡ctum n«n subterf»g¿. and I did not dodge the draft.

Colinus Meruist¿ne nauta an m¿les? Did you serve as a sailor or a soldier? Avus In exercit» meru¿. Post rud¿menta I served in the army. After basic m¿lit§ria, in Eur«pam ¡vectus training, I was shipped out to sum. Adversus Germ§niam Europe. I fought against pugn§v¿. Germany.

Colinus C»r adversus Germ§n«s Why did you fight against the pugn§vist¿? Germans? Avus Quod Germ§nia foedus viol§verat Because Germany had violated et cum f¿nitim¿s bellum in¿verat. the treaty and had started a war with her neighbors.

Colinus C»r Germ§nia f¿nitim¿s bellum Why did Germany go to war with intulit? her neighbors? Avus Pr¿ncip¡s enim Germ§niae t«tam You see, the leaders of Germany Eur«pam super§re volu¡runt. wanted to conquer the whole of Europe.

Colinus Quam di» in Eur«p§ m¿lit§vist¿? How long did you serve as a soldier in Europe? Avus Triennium m¿litiam expl¡v¿ I completed a three-year tour of antequam nostr¿ soci¿que duty before our men and our co¡g¡runt Germ§n«s in allies forced the Germans to d¡diti«nem ven¿re. surrender. 184 Conversational Latin

Colinus Gaude«, m¿ tata, t¡ salvum et I am glad, granddad, that you s§num domum rediisse. returned home safe and sound. Avus Ego f¡l¿cissimus eram. N«n I was very lucky. Not all the omn¡s c¡ter¿ tam f¡l¿c¡s erant. others were so lucky.

LEVEL III Discussing the merits of alliances. Stud¡ns Mihi vid¡tur patria nostra semper Student: It seems to me that our in bell¿s extern¿s implic§r¿. country is always involved in foreign wars. Doc¡ns Ex foedere, patria nostra am¿c¿s Instructor: According to the soci¿sque in discr¿mine terms of the treaty, our country succurrit. goes to the aid of its friends and allies in a crisis.

Stud¡ns At America s¡ tam saepe bell¿s But America so often interferes in extern¿s interp«nit. Qu¿ fit? foreign wars. How come? Doc¡ns America enim ub¿que terr§rum You see, America formed societ§t¡s ad bellum defensive alliances all over the d¡fendendum f¡cit. world.

Stud¡ns Faciuntne advers§ri¿ nostr¿ Do our opponents form offensive societ§t¡s ad bellum alliances? ¿nferendum? Doc¡ns Utraque pars, ut op¿nor, facit Each side, I suppose, forms societ§t¡s ad bellum defensive alliances. But one d¡fendendum. Sed altera pars side does not trust the other, alter¿ part¿ n«n f¿dit. Inde and that’s why there’s an arms arm«rum cert§men fit. race. [lit: hence an arms race comes about.]

Stud¡ns H¿s condici«nibus, Under these conditions, how can quemadmodum p§x inter gent¡s peace be maintained between c«nserv§r¿ potest? nations? Doc¡ns Simplex est. Utraque pars tantum It is simple. Each side acquires appar§tum bell¿ comparat ut such armaments of war that one altera pars alteram partem side does not dare to attack the oppugn§re n«n audeat. other. Chapter XXI: War and Peace 185

Stud¡ns At quid s¿ »na c¿vit§s ab utr§ parte But what if one country on either bellum ultr« ¿nferat? side should become an aggressor in war? [lit: should bring on war unprovoked] Doc¡ns Tum soci¿ omn¡s ab alter§ parte Then all the allies on the other d¡bent bellum ind¿cere ill¿ side have to declare war on that c¿vit§t¿. country.

Stud¡ns At quidn¿ bellum comp«nunt? But why not terminate war by diplomacy? Doc¡ns Quod neutra pars vult imbecilla Because neither side wants to vid¡r¿. seem weak.

Stud¡ns Quae igitur est sol»ti«? What then is the solution? Doc¡ns Suspici« bon§ fid¡ et m»tu§ Suspicion must be replaced by observanti§ substituenda est. mutual trust and respect.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______absent without leave: to be absent arms ab arm¿s disc¡d·« |ere discess¿; without leave ad comme§t»s diem to take up arms arma cap·i« |ere n«n ad·sum |esse |fu¿ c¡p¿ captus active service: to be on active service army exercit·us |»s m; to raise an st¿pendia fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus army exercitum compar§re agreement foed·us |eris n; according army buddy contubern§l·is |is mf to the terms of the agreement ex artillery torment·a |«rum npl foedere alliance foed·us |eris n, societ·§s |§tis f; barracks militum contuberni·um-¿ n to conclude an alliance with foedus basic training rud¿menta npl m¿lit§ria ¿c·« |ere |¿ |tus cum (+ abl); to form (gen rud¿ment«rum npl m¿lit§rium) an alliance with societ§tem faci« battle pugn·a |ae f, proeli·um |¿ n (in a |ere f¡c¿ factus cum (+ abl) country: in (+ abl); at or near a airforce c«pi·ae |§rum fpl §eriae town apud (+ acc), circ§ + acc); in arm tr arm§re battle proeli«; naval battle off Tenedos pugna n§v§lis ante armaments appar§t·us |»s m bell¿ Tenedum; successful battle (rarely pl of appar§tus) proelium secundum; to fight a battle armed arm§t·us |a |um; to be armed in proelium fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus arm¿s esse battalion coh·ors |ortis f arms: arm·a |«rum npl; arms race arm«rum cert§m·en |inis n; by force battalion commander praefectus |¿ m of arms v¿ et arm¿s; to be under cohortis arms in arm¿s esse; to lay down battlefield aci·¡s |¡¿ f 186 Conversational Latin besiege (blockade) a town oppidum crack troops r«bor·a |um npl peditum obs¿d·« |ere obs¡d¿ obsessus critical: the situation is critical r¡s est bomb s bomb·a |ae f; atomic bomb in summ« discr¿mine bomba atomica; nuclear bomb defeat s cl§d·¡s |is f; to suffer a defeat bomba nucle§ris cl§dem accip·i« |ere acc¡p¿ acceptus bomb tr bomb¿s oppugn§re defeat tr super§re, vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ bomber §eroplan·um |¿ n bombiferum victus call up the troops ¡voc§re c«pi§s defensive and offensive alliance societ·§s |§tis f ad bellum camp castr·a |«rum npl d¡fendendum atque ¿nferendum facta campaign expediti·« |«nis f, defensive and offensive weapons t¡l·a st¿pendi·um |¿ n |«rum npl ad tegendum et ad cavalry equit§t·us |»s m nocendum cease-fire ind»ti·ae |§rum fpl; the disarm s.o. aliquem arm¿s exu·« |ere |¿ cease-fire is holding ind»tiae d»rant; |»tus to call for a cease-fire ind»ti§s discharge missi·« |«nis f; get an posc·« |ere poposc¿ honorable discharge missi«nem cohort coh·ors |ortis f honestam impetr§re; get a colonel trib»n·us |¿ m m¿litum dishonorable discharge missi«nem ign«mini«sam accipere combat proeli·um |¿ n, pugn·a |ae f; in hand-to-hand combat comminus dodge the draft m¿litiam subter·fugi« (adv) |fugere |f»g¿ combatant proeli§t·or |«ris m (·r¿x draft d¿l¡ct·us |»s m; to hold a draft |r¿cis f) d¿l¡ctum hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus draft-dodger qu¿ m¿litiam subterfugit command imperi·um |¿ n; to be in command (of) prae·sum |esse drag out a war bellum trah·« |ere trax¿ |fu¿ (+ dat) tractus commander in chief imper§t·or |«ris end f¿n·is |is m; to put an end to a war m; to be the commander in chief bell¿ f¿nem fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus imperi¿ summam ten·e« |¡re tenu¿; enemy host·¡s |ium mpl imperi¿ summae prae·sum |esse |fu¿ enlist n«men (of several: n«mina) d« commence hostilities bell¿ initium dare ded¿ fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus exchange prisoners capt¿v«s perm»t§re company centuri·a |ae f or comm»t§re company commander centuri·« |«nis m exempt: to be exempt from military concentrate all the troops in one place service m¿litiae vac§ti«nem hab·e« c«g·« |ere co¡g¿ co§ctus omn¡s |¡re |u¿ c«pi§s in »num locum exemption from military service conquer vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ victus; to m¿litiae vac§ti·« |«nis f conquer a country terr§ pot·ior |¿r¿ force: large force magnae c«piae fpl; pot¿tus sum small force exiguae c«piae corporal decuri·« |«nis mf fort castell·um |¿ n Chapter XXI: War and Peace 187 furlough comme§t·us |»s m; end of the operations: to conduct military furlough comme§t»s di·¡s |¡¿ m; to operations in the Gallic War r¡s get a furlough comme§tum ger·« |ere gess¿ Gallic« bell« impetr§re peace p§x, p§cis f; in peace and in war garrison praesidi·um |¿ n dom¿ et m¿litiae (or in m¿liti§); peace is concluded on condition that … general dux, ducis mf p§x convenit in eam condici«nem ut gun torment·um |¿ n … ; to break the peace p§cem headquarters praet«ri·um |¿ n frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus; to bring about peace p§cem concili§re; to helmet cass·is |idis f have peace negotiations with s.o. hold out: the town held out for four ag·« |ere ¡g¿ §ctus cum aliqu« d¡ months oppidum obsidi«nem p§ce; to make peace with p§cem quattuor m¡ns¡s sustinuit fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus cum (+ abl) home front: on the home front and on prisoner of war capt¿v·us |¿ m, capt¿v·a the front lines dom¿ et m¿litiae (or |ae f; ransom prisoners capt¿v«s in m¿liti§) redim·« |ere red¡m¿ red¡mptus hostage obs·es |idis mf private m¿l·es |itis mf greg§rius (|a) promote pr«mov·e« |¡re pr«m«v¿ infantry pedit§t·us |»s m pr«m«tus; to promote to higher infantryman ped·es |itis m rank ad (or in) ampli«rem gradum international law i»s, i»ris n gentium pr«mov¡re invade bellum ¿nfer« ¿nferre intul¿ promotion pr«m«ti·« |«nis f ill§tus (+ dat), cum exercit» raid excursi·« |«nis f ingred·ior |¿ ingressus sum raise the siege on the town oppidum leave of absence comme§t·us |»s m obsidi«ne l¿ber§re legion legi·« |«nis f rank grad·us |»s m lieutenant locumten·¡ns |entis mf raze a town to the ground oppidum sol« aequ§re march iter fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus recruit t¿r·« |«nis m; raw recruit t¿r« marines classi§ri·¿ |«rum mpl rudis military m¿lit§r·is |is |e; military age recruit troops d¿l¡ctum ag·« |ere ¡g¿ aet·§s |§tis f m¿lit§ris; military §ctus service m¿liti·a |ae f; the military m¿liti·a |ae f; to enter military recruitment d¿l¡ct·us |»s m service m¿litiam in·e« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿; regiment legi·« |«nis f to perform military service m¿lit§re regimental commander legi«nis naval n§v§l·is |is |e leg§t·us |¿ m navy c«pi·ae |§rum fpl n§v§l¡s; to have retake a town oppidum recip·i« |ere a powerful navy n§vibus pl»rimum rec¡p¿ receptus posse review the army exercitum rec¡ns·e« officer praefect·us |¿ m; cavalry officer |¡re |u¿, l»str§re praefectus equitum rifle sclop¡t·um |¿ n 188 Conversational Latin sailor naut·a |ae m (·ria |riae f) terms of peace p§cis condici«n·¡s |um send relief to subsidium summitt·« |ere fpl; to accept terms of peace p§cis summ¿s¿ summissus (+ dat) condici«n¡s accipi·« |ere acc¡p¿ (opp: repudi§re); to dictate terms of sergeant opti·« |«nis mf peace to p§cis condici«n¡s d¿c·« |ere serve st¿pendia fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus, d¿x¿ (+ dat); to propose terms of (st¿pendium) mer·e« |¡re |u¿; to peace p§cis condici«n¡s fer« ferre serve as a soldier or sailor (ut) tul¿ l§tus m¿les aut nauta mer¡re terrain n§t»r·a |ae f loc¿ serviceman m¿lit§r·is |is m theater of operations bell¿ s¡d·¡s |is f ship n§v·is |is f tour of duty m¿liti·a |ae f; to complete shoot (a person) sclop¡t« tr§nsf¿g·« |ere a three-year tour of duty triennium tr§nsf¿x¿ tr§nsf¿xus m¿litiae expl·e« |¡re |¡v¿ |¡tus soldier m¿l·es |itis mf treaty foed·us |eris n; according to the terms of the treaty ex pact«, ex starve a town into surrender oppidum foedere; to break a treaty foedus f§me dom·« |§re domu¿ frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus; to storm a town oppidum oppugn§re conclude a treaty with foedus ¿c« submarine n§v·is |is f submar¿na ¿cere ¿c¿ ictus or fer·i« |¿re cum (+ abl); to violate a treaty foedus success r¡s, re¿ f f¡l¿citer gesta, r¡s bene viol§re gesta truce ind»ti·ae |§rum fpl; a six-years’ supplies comme§t·us |»s m (used both truce ind»tiae ann«rum sex; to as collective singular and in the break a truce ind»ti§s viol§re; to plural); to cut off the enemy’s make a truce ind»ti§s facere supplies inter·cl»d« |cl»dere |cl»s¿ host¡s comme§tibus turn in weapons arma tr§d·« |ere tr§did¿ tr§ditus supply: to supply s.o. with men and arms alicui vir«s et arma ministr§re uniform «rn§t·us |»s m m¿lit§ris surrender s d¡diti·« |«nis f veteran veter§n·us ¿ m, ¡merit·us |¿ m surrender intr s¡ d¡·d« |dere |did¿; to victory vict«ri·a |ae f; to gain (or win) force a people to surrender a victory vict«riam adip¿sc·or |¿ populum in d¡diti«nem ven¿re c«g·« adeptus sum; to gain (or win) a |ere co¡g¿ co§ctus victory over the enemy vict«riam report§re ab hoste; to let a sure swear in the soldiers m¿lit¡s victory slip through one’s fingers sacr§ment« adig·« |ere ad¡g¿ ad§ctus vict«riam expl«r§tam d¿mitt·« |ere tactics: to change one’s tactics d¿m¿s¿ rati«nem bell¿ gerend¿ m»t§re volunteer volunt§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) tank autocurr·us |»s m arm§tus war (against or with) bell·um |¿ n terms condici«n·¡s |um fpl; on these (contr§ or adversus (+ acc) or cum terms h¿s condici«nibus; to be on (+ abl); civil war bellum c¿v¿le or friendly terms with a country in domesticum; in war bell«, bell¿ am¿citi§ popul¿ esse; to stick by the tempore; foreign war bellum terms in condici«nibus man·e« |¡re externum; guerilla war bellum m§ns¿ clandest¿num; in war and in peace Chapter XXI: War and Peace 189 p§ce bell«que, dom¿ bell«que; dat); to go off to war profic¿sc·or |¿ offensive war (of war yet to be profectus sum ad bellum; to go to begun) bellum ultr« ¿nferendum; (of war with bellum ¿nfer« ¿nferre intul¿ war already begun) bellum ultr« ill§tus (+ dat); to prepare for war ill§tum; to be involved in a war bellum (com)par§re; to send to war bell« implic§r¿; to bring a war to a mitt·« |ere m¿s¿ missus ad bellum; to successful conclusion bellum start a war with bellum in·e« |¿re c«nfic·i« |ere c«nf¡c¿ c«nfectus; to |¿v¿ or |i¿ cum (+ abl); to stir up a carry on war with bellum ger·« |ere war bellum concit§re or incit§re; to gess¿ gestus cum (+ abl); to cause a take part in a war bellum capess·« war bellum mov·e« |¡re m«v¿ |ere; to terminate a war by m«tus; to conduct a war (of a diplomacy bellum comp«n·« |ere general) bellum administr§re; to composu¿ compositus; to wage war declare war on bellum ind¿c·« |ere with bellum ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus ind¿x¿ indictus (+ dat); to drag out a cum (+ abl); war against pirates war bellum trah·« |ere trax¿ tractus; bellum p¿r§ticum; war against to end a war bellum perfic·i« |ere slaves bellum serv¿le; war is perf¡c¿ perfectus; to fight a war imminent bellum imminet or with bellum ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus impendet or ¿nstat; war of cum (+ abl); to fight a war of extermination bellum internec¿num; aggression with bellum or arma war breaks out bellum ex§rd¡scit ultr« ¿nfer« ¿nferre intul¿ ill§tus (+ warfare bell·um |¿ n Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I News of an important trial.

Rebecca Salv¡, Ant«n¿. Unde ven¿s? Rebecca: Hello, Anthony. Where are you coming from? Ant«nius × basilic§ I»li§ § for«. Anthony: From the Julian courthouse in the forum.

Rebecca Quid ibi fi¡bat? What was going on there? Ant«nius I»dicium n«tum fi¡bat. A notorious trial was taking place.

Rebecca Quis i»s d¿c¡bat? Who presided as judge? Ant«nius Nesci« quis sen§tor. Some senator or other.

Rebecca Quis erat reus? Who was the defendant? Ant«nius Neg«ti§tor. Em v¡r« patruus A businessman. Well, in fact, my meus. uncle.

Rebecca Quis cr¿mina in eum intulit? Who brought charges against him? Ant«nius Hort¡nsius, am¿cus Cicer«nis, erat Hortensius, Cicero’s friend, was acc»s§tor. the prosecutor.

Rebecca Quis erat eius d¡f¡nsor? Who was the defense lawyer? Ant«nius M»cius Scaevola. Mucius Scaevola.

Rebecca Quae cr¿mina in patruum tuum What charges did he bring intulit? against your uncle? Ant«nius Hort¡nsius eum miserum Hortensius accused the poor guy pec»l§t»s acc»s§vit. of embezzlement.

Rebecca Pr«di¡runt mult¿ test¡s? Did many witnesses step forward? Ant«nius Erant tr¡s tantummodo. There were only three.

190 Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice 191

Rebecca Qu¿? Who? Ant«nius Duo soci¿ eius et argent§rius. Two associates of his and the banker.

Rebecca Estne absol»tus an condemn§tus? Was he acquitted or found guilty? Ant«nius Absol»tus est quidem omnibus Of course, he was acquitted sententi¿s. unanimously.

LEVEL II The arrest of two hoodlums draws a crowd. R¿ta Quid re¿ est, praefecte? C»r tanta Rita: What’s up, Chief? Why is turba h»c congreg§tur? such a large crowd gathering here? Praefectus Modo apprehendimus du«s n«t«s Chief of Police: We just arrested vigilum grass§t«r¡s. two notorious hoodlums.

R¿ta Quid accidit? What happened? Praefectus Latr«cinium modo factum est. A robbery just took place.

R¿ta Ubi? Where? Praefectus Ist¿ latr«n¡s macellum intr§v¡runt Those robbers entered the grocery et macell§rium omn¿ argent« store and robbed the grocer of eius spoli§v¡runt. all his money.

R¿ta Latr«n¡sne macell§ri« vim Did the robbers assault the attul¡runt? grocer? Praefectus Etiam. Ist¿ macell§rium f»stibus Yes, they beat the grocer up with conc¿d¡runt. clubs.

R¿ta Eff»g¡runtne latr«n¡s? Did the robbers get away? Praefectus N»ll« mod«! Vigil¡s me¿ No way! My officers arrested apprehend¡runt ist«s grass§t«r¡s those hoodlums and put et manic§s e¿s ini¡c¡runt. handcuffs on them.

R¿ta Ubi sunt ist¿ latr«n¡s nunc? Where are those robbers now? Praefectus Vigil¡s rapu¡runt e«s in carcerem. The police hauled them off to jail.

R¿ta N«nne arguentur d¡ latr«cini«? They’ll be charged with robbery, won’t they? Praefectus Arguentur d¡ v¿ et man» atque They’ll be charged with assault latr«cini«. and battery as well as with robbery. 192 Conversational Latin

R¿ta Viae urbis nostrae n«n di»tius The streets of our city are no t»tae sunt. Ego vereor n¡ per longer safe. I am afraid to go m¡ obs«nem. shopping by myself. Praefectus Uxor mea idem d¿cit. My wife says the same thing.

R¿ta Sp¡r« i»dicem summ« i»re cum I hope the judge throws the book ist¿s §ct»rum esse. at them. Praefectus Adul¡scentula, ego habe« Young lady, I have the greatest maximam fidem nostrae rati«n¿ confidence in our judicial i»dici§l¿. system.

LEVEL III A client gets himself a lawyer. Cli¡ns D¡s¿der« i»risc«nsultum. Potesne Client: I need a lawyer. Can you mihi succurrere? help me? Patr«nus Quid est? Estne causa pr¿v§ta an Patron: What is it? Is it a civil or causa p»blica? a criminal case?

Cli¡ns Est causa p»blica. Aliquis It’s a criminal case. Someone parietem dom»s meae perf«dit. broke into my home. Patr«nus Quand« effr§ct»ra facta est? When did the break-in take place?

Cli¡ns Medi§ nocte, dum ego et familia At midnight, while I and the absumus. family were away. Patr«nus Quid perfoss«r¡s sustul¡runt? What did the robbers steal?

Cli¡ns Pec»niam, p¿ct»r§s, argentea. Money, pictures, and silverware. Patr«nus Sc¿sne quis pariet¡s perf«derit? Do you know who broke into your home?

Cli¡ns Nesci«. No, I don’t. Patr«nus Aderantne ocul§t¿ test¡s? Were there any eyewitnesses?

Cli¡ns Ûnus ex v¿c¿n¿s me¿s, n«mine One of my neighbors, named Varr«. Varro. Patr«nus Quid v¿dit? What did he see?

Cli¡ns V¿dit et perfoss«rem et indicem He saw the robber and his eius. lookout man. Patr«nus Voletne testis pr«d¿re? Will he be willing to step forward as a witness. Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice 193

Cli¡ns Volet. Yes, he will. Patr«nus Arcess¿vist¿ne vigil¡s? Did you call the police?

Cli¡ns Arcess¿v¿. Vigil¡s m¿s¡runt I did. The police sent an invest¿g§t«rem ad m¡. investigator to my home. The Invest¿g§tor iam co¡git investigator has already n«nnull«s suspect«s. rounded up several suspects. Patr«nus Macte virt»te est«! Ego suspect«s Good for you! I will take the quam pr¿mum in i»dicium suspects to court as soon as add»cam. Mihi cr¡de, mox in possible. Believe me, they will carcere sed¡bunt. soon be sitting in jail.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______accusation acc»s§ti·« |«nis f assault tr vim fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus in accuse acc»s§re (with acc of person and (+ acc) gen or d¡ + abl of the charge); to attack see assault accuse s.o. of a capital offense attorney cognit·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f); aliquem re¿ capit§lis re·um (-am) to appoint an attorney to s.o. facere cognit«rem alicui adscr¿b·« |ere acquit (of) absolv·« |ere |¿ absol»tus adscr¿ps¿ adscr¿ptus (d¡ + abl; more rarely w. gen); to bar: to serve at the bar in i»dici¿s acquit s.o. of a capital crime vers§r¿; in for« ag·« |ere ¡g¿ aliquem capitis absolvere beat (with fists, clubs) (pugn¿s, acquittal absol»ti·« |«nis f f»stibus) caed·« |ere cec¿d¿ caesus; adjourn tr ampli§re to beat up conc¿d·« |ere |¿ conc¿sus alimony alim«ni·um |¿ n blame s culp·a |ae f allegation: false allegation falsa blame tr culp§re; I am to blame in ¿nsimul§ti·« |«nis f culp§ sum; to blame s.o. for aliquem culp§re ob (+ acc) allege argu·« |ere |¿ |»tus bludgeon s f»st·is |is m appeal s appell§ti·« |«nis f; to allow an appeal appell§ti«nem admitt·« |ere bludgeon tr f»ste (or f»stibus) conc¿d·« adm¿s¿ admissus; to disallow an |ere conc¿d¿ conc¿sus; to bludgeon appeal appell§ti«nem improb§re to death f»stig§re appeal intr (to) appell§re (ad + acc) break into a home dom»s pariet¡s perfod·i« |ere perf«d¿ perf«ssus arrest apprehen·d« |dere |d¿ |sus breaking and entering, break-in assault s v¿s f (acc: vim; abl: v¿); to effr§ct»r·a |ae f accuse s.o. of assault (and battery) aliquem d¡ v¿ (et man») acc»s§re; to bribe tr corrump·« |ere corr»p¿ commit assault against vim fac·i« corruptus |ere f¡c¿ factus in (+ acc) bribe s preti·um |¿ n 194 Conversational Latin bribery corrupt¡l·a |ae f; influenced by aliquem mult¿s cr¿minibus fraudis bribery corrupt·us |a |um convincere burglar effr§ct·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f), conviction (for) condemn§ti·« |«nis f (+ perfoss·or |«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f); to gen of the charge) commit a burglary pariet¡s counselor i»risper¿t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) perfod·i« |ere perf«d¿ perf«ssus count cr¿m·en |inis n burglary (dom»s) latr«cini·um |¿ n court i»dici·um |¿ n; court of appeal capital punishment supplici·um |¿ n i»dicium appell§t«rium; to hold capitis; to suffer capital court i»s d¿c·« |ere d¿x¿ dictus; to punishment supplici« capitis afficior take s.o. to court aliquem in affic¿ affectus sum i»dicium add»c·« |ere add»x¿ case caus·a |ae f, l¿s, l¿tis f; civil case adductus or voc§re causa pr¿v§ta; criminal case causa courthouse basilic·a |ae f; Julian p»blica; to lose a case causam courthouse basilica I»lia (begun by per·d« |dere |did¿; to plead a case Julius Caesar in 54 B.C.) causam ag·« |ere ¡g¿ or d¿c·« |ere crime facin·us |oris n, scel·us |eris n, d¿x¿; to settle a case (out of court) cr¿m·en |inis n (more often means l¿tem comp«n·« |ere composu¿ merely the charge) compositus; to win a case caus§ (or i»dici«) vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ victus custody cust«di·a |ae f; to be held in custody in cust«di§ hab·eor |¡r¿ character witness advoc§t·us |¿ m (·a habitus sum; to take into custody in |ae f) cust«diam tr§·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus charge s cr¿m·en |inis n; capital charge death: to condemn s.o. to death capit§le cr¿men; false charge aliquem capitis damn§re; to put s.o. calumni·a |ae f; to bring or file to death supplicium capitis d¡ aliqu« charges against s.o. cr¿mina alicui s»m·« |ere s»mps¿ s»mptus ¿nfer« ¿nferre intul¿ ill§tus death sentence: to receive the death charge tr to charge s.o. with a crime sentence capitis damn§r¿ aliquem cr¿mine (or d¡ cr¿mine or cr¿minis) argu·« |ere |¿ death penalty supplici·um |¿ n capitis chief of police praefect·us |¿ m vigilum defend s.o. causam alic»ius d¡fend·« |ere |¿ civil rights i»r·a |ium npl c¿v¿lia; to deprive s.o. of civil rights aliquem defendant re·us |¿ m, re·a |ae f capite d¡min·u« |uere |u¿ |»tus defense lawyer d¡f¡ns·or |«ris m (·tr¿x client cli·¡ns |entis mf |tr¿cis f) commit (a crime) (scelus) committ·« deprive: to deprive s.o. of aliquem |ere comm¿s¿ commissus pr¿v§re (+ abl) condemn condemn§re detective inqu¿s¿t·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f) convict convinc·« |ere conv¿c¿ convictus (w. acc. of the person and divorce tr d¿vorti·um facere cum (+ abl) w. gen of the charge); convicted of divorce s d¿vorti·um |¿ n; to seek a manifest·us |a (+ gen); to convict divorce d¿vortium pet·« |ere |¿v¿ s.o. on many counts of fraud |¿tus Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice 195 embezzlement pec»l§t·us |»s m hearing cogniti·« |«nis f; to hold a enforce the law l¡gem exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ hearing cogniti«nem hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus |itus homicide homic¿di·um |¿ n evidence testim«ni·um |¿ n; on what evidence will you convict me? qu« hoodlum grass§t·or |«ris m m¡ teste convinc¡s?; this evidence is house arrest cust«di·a |ae f l¿bera not admissible hoc testim«nium n«n hung jury: to be acquitted by a hung s»mendum est; to give evidence jury sententi¿s paribus absolv·or |¿ against s.o. testim«nium d¿c·« |ere absol»tus sum d¿x¿ in aliquem; to turn state’s evidence indicium profit·eor |¡r¿ impartial incorrupt·us |a |um et professus sum inte·ger |gra |grum indict s.o. aliquem re·um (-am) fac·i« extortion violenta ex§cti·« |«nis f |ere f¡c¿ factus pec»ni§rum informant ind·ex |icis mf eyewitness ocul§t·us (a) test·is |is mf innocent innoc·¡ns |entis fair aequ·us |a |um interrogate interrog§re falsely fals« investigate invest¿g§re fault culp·a |ae f; to be at fault in culp§ esse; to not be at fault extr§ culpam investigator invest¿g§t·or |«ris m (·r¿x esse |r¿cis f) jail carc·er |eris m fine s.o. mult§re aliquem (+ abl of the fine) jailer cust«di§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) fraud frau·s |dis f judge i»d·ex |icis mf; to sit as judge (hold court) i»s d¿c·« |ere d¿x¿ gang man·us |»s f judicial i»dici§l·is |is |e; judicial gangster, gang member praed·« |«nis system rati·« |«nis f i»dici§lis m greg§lis juror i»d·ex |icis mf guard s cust«di§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) jury c«nsili·um |¿ n; i»dic·¡s |um mpl guard tr cust«d·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tus just i»st·us |a |um guilty re·us |a |um, s«n·s |tis; guilty of justice i»stiti·a |ae f noxi·us |a |um (+ abl or gen); the guilty one s«n·s |tis mf; to be found justly i»st¡ guilty noxius i»dic§r¿; to be guilty law l¡x, l¡gis f; (denoting the entire in culp§ esse; to punish the guilty body of law) i»s, i»ris n; against the poenam d¡ sontibus exig·« |ere ex¡g¿ law contr§ i»s; (against a specific ex§ctus law) contr§ l¡gem; by law l¡ge; in accordance with the law secundum handcuff tr manic§s inic·i« |ere ini¡c¿ l¡gem; to break the law l¡gem iniectus (+ dat) viol§re handcuffs manic·ae |§rum fpl lawsuit l¿·s |tis f; to bring (or file) a haul off to prison rap·i« |ere |u¿ |tus in lawsuit against s.o. l¿tem alicui carcerem intend·« |ere |¿ 196 Conversational Latin lawyer i»risc«nsult·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); police officer vig·il |ilis mf (trial lawyer) causidic·us |¿ m (·a |ae preside at a trial i»dici« prae·sum |esse f); (for the defense) advoc§t·us |¿ m |fu¿, i»s d¿c·« |ere d¿x¿ dictus (·a |ae f) presiding judge quaes¿t·or |«ris m (·r¿x legal l¡gitim·us |a |um, secundum |r¿cis f) l¡gem or l¡g¡s prison carc·er |eris m; to throw s.o. legally l¡gitim¡, l¡ge into prison aliquem in carcerem life imprisonment: give s.o. life conic·i« |ere coni¡c¿ coniectus imprisonment aliquem damn§re prosecute s.o. aliquem i»dici« carcer¿ quoad v¿vat persequ·or |¿ persec»tus sum lock up (in prison) in carcerem comping·« |ere |¿ comp¡g¿ prosecutor acc»s§t·or |«ris m, comp§ctus acc»s§tr·¿x |¿cis f look-out ind·ex |icis mf punish p»n·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus; poen§ affic·i« |ere aff¡c¿ affectus murder s nex, necis f (passive in sense while caed¡s is active in sense); (by punishment for crimes poen·a |ae f hacking or striking) caed·¡s |is f, facinorum occ¿si·« |«nis f rape stupr·um |¿ n per vim murder tr (by wicked and cruel means) rape tr per vim stupr§re, stupr« viol§re nec§re; (violently and ruthlessly) rapist stupr§t·or |«ris m tr»c¿d§re; (by hacking or striking) caed·« |ere cec¿d¿ caesus rebut dissolv·« |ere |¿ dissol»tus murderer nec§t·or |«ris m, homic¿d·a rebuttal dissol»ti·« |«nis f |ae mf; (of a father, mother, or near refute dissolv·« |ere |¿ dissol»tus relative) parric¿d·a |ae mf rob rap·i« |ere |u¿ |tus; to rob s.o. of murderess nec§tr·¿x |¿cis f aliquem spoli§re (+ abl) notorious n«t·us |a |um, ¿nf§m·is |is |e robber latr·« |«nis m; (house breaker) offenses d¡lict·a |«rum npl perfoss·or |«ris m officer vig·il |ilis mf robbery latr«cini·um |¿ n pardon veni·a |ae f; to grant s.o. a safe (from) t»t·us |a |um (ab + abl); pardon veniam alicui d« dare ded¿; safe and sound salv·us |a |um et to obtain pardon veniam impetr§re s§n·us |a |um; safe from danger penalty poen·a |ae f; to pay the t»tus § per¿cul« penalty poen§s persolv·« |ere |¿, scot-free: to get off scot-free poen§s d« dare ded¿ datus impun¿t·us (-a) d¿mitt·or |¿ d¿miss·us perjure oneself p¡ier§re (-a) sum perjury peri»ri·um |¿ n; to commit serve a summons on diem dare (+ dat) perjury p¡ier§re steal f»r·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; clep·« |ere personal injury ini»ri·a |§e f |s¿ |tus; toll·« |ere sustul¿ subl§tus plaintiff pet¿t·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f) stool pigeon ind·ex |icis mf plead a case before the court causam sue s.o. l¿tem alicui ¿nfer« ¿nferre intul¿ pr« trib»n§l¿ ag·« |ere ¡g¿ §ctus ill§tus Chapter XXII: Law and Criminal Justice 197 suffer punishment poen§s fer« ferre on trial for one’s life i»dicium d¡ tul¿ l§tus capite sub¿re; to go on trial in i»s e« suit §cti·« |«nis f; to bring a suit ¿re i¿ or ¿v¿ against s.o. §cti«nem alicui inten·d« trial lawyer §ct·or |«ris m (·r¿x |r¿cis f) |dere |d¿ caus§rum, causidic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) suspect suspect·us |¿ m, suspect·a |ae f try: to try a case (of) causam theft f»rt·um |¿ n cogn«sc·« |ere cogn«v¿ cognitus (d¡ + abl) testify test·or |§r¿ |§tus sum verdict sententi·a |ae f; to give a thief f»r, f»ris mf verdict of acquittal absol»t«riam throw the book at s.o. summ« i»re cum sententiam fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; to aliqu« ag« agere ¡g¿ §ctus [lit: to give a guilty verdict condem- deal with s.o. with the utmost (rigor n§t«riam sententiam ferre of the) law] unanimously omnibus sententi¿s treason pr«diti·« |«nis f witness test·is |is mf (for pr« + abl; trial quaesti·« |«nis f, i»dici·um |¿ n; to against in + acc); to be called as a bring to trial in i»dicium add»c·« witness contest§r¿; to come or step |ere add»x¿ adductus; to conduct a forward as a witness testis pr«de« trial quaesti«nem exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ pr«d¿re pr«di¿; trustworthy witness |itus; to be on trial for i»dicium d¡ testis locupl·¡s |¡tis (+ abl) sub·e« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿; to be Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I Colin wants to migrate to the U.S.

Colinus Salv¡, Greg«r¿. Ego in anim« Colin: Hello, Gregory. I intend to habe« mox ex Hiberni§ in emigrate from Ireland to Americam ¡migr§re. Potesne America. Can you tell me n§rr§re mihi aliquid d¡ something about America? Americ§? Greg«rius Libenter. Pr¿m«, America est Gregory: Gladly. First, America mult« amplior quam Hibernia. is much bigger than Ireland.

Colinus Itane est? Quae sunt m¡ns»rae Is that so? What are the C¿vit§tum Foeder§t§rum dimensions of the United Americae? States? Greg«rius øra maritima orient§lis tantum The east coast is as far distant abest ab «r§ occident§l¿ from the west coast as is quantum Hibernia abest § Ireland from the United States. C¿vit§tibus Foeder§t¿s Americae.

Colinus Incr¡dibile est! Estne Novum That’s incredible. Is New York the Ebor§cum caput C¿vit§tum capital of the United States? Foeder§t§rum Americae? Greg«rius Novum Ebor§cum est urbs New York is the biggest city in Americae amplissima, sed, America, but, strange to say, it m¿r§bile dict», n«n est caput. is not the capital.

Colinus Quae urbs est caput? What city is the capital? Greg«rius Vashintonia est caput C¿vit§tum Washington is the capital of the Foeder§t§rum Americae. United States.

Colinus America ex quot c¿vit§tibus Of how many states does America c«nstat? consist? Greg«rius Sunt duod¡qu¿nqu§gint§ c¿vit§t¡s There are forty-eight states on the in continente, praeter Alascam mainland, in addition to Alaska et Havai«s. and Hawaii.

198 Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography 199

Colinus Ubi est Alasca? Where is Alaska? Greg«rius Est supr§ Canadam, quae attingit It is north of Canada, which C¿vit§t¡s Foeder§t§s Americae § borders the United States on the septentri«ne. north.

Colinus Ubi sunt Havai¿? Where is Hawaii? Greg«rius Havai¿ sunt celebrit§s ¿nsul§rum Hawaii is a cluster of islands a longissim¡ ante «ram very long way off the coast of Californiae. California.

Colinus Quae est urbs optima in qu§ ego What is the best city for me and cum famili§ habitem? family to live in? Greg«rius Est difficillimum dict». Urbs enim That’s very hard to say. Every quaeque su§s virt»t¡s habet. city, you see, has its good points.

LEVEL II Rene wants to learn about the Tiber. Ren§ta Quid fl»men adluit R«mam? Rene: Which river flows by Rome? Magistra Tiberis, cu¿ vetus n«men erat Teacher: The Tiber, whose old Albula. name was the Albula.

Ren§ta Unde oritur Tiberis fl»men? Where does the Tiber River rise? Magistra F«ns eius est in Apenn¿n« monte Its source is in the Apennines inter Etr»riam ab occidente et between Etruria on the west Umbriam ab oriente. side and Umbria on the east side.

Ren§ta Estne Tiberis fl»men l§tissimum? Is the Tiber a very wide river? Magistra L§tit»d« eius sc¿licet varia est. Ut Its width varies, of course. As it ex Apenn¿no monte pr«fluit, flows down from the Apennines, pr¿m« angustus est. Sed ut it is narrow at first. But as fluvi¿ in eum ¿nfluunt, Tiberis tributaries flow into it, the l§tit»dine aug¡tur. Tiber increases in width.

Ren§ta Ferturne Tiberis per d¿r¡ctum? Does the Tiber flow in a straight line? Magistra Minim¡. Ut sc¿s, ‡talia intus est No. As you know, Italy is rugged aspera et mont§na; itaque and mountainous in the interior Tiberis curs» meante R«mam and so the Tiber arrives at pervenit. Rome along a winding course. 200 Conversational Latin

Ren§ta Eratne Tiberis fl»men n§vig§bile Was the Tiber a navigable river in aet§te R«m§n§? Roman times? Magistra Ita, sed supr§ R«mam ratibus Yes, but north of Rome it was tantum n§vig§bilis erat. Inter navigable only to rafts. But R«mam autem et «stium between Rome and its mouth omnibus n§vibus n§vig§bilis the Tiber was navigable to all erat. ships.

Ren§ta Qu§ longit»dine est Tiberis? What is the length of the Tiber? Magistra Circiter centum qu¿nqu§gint§ Around one hundred fifty miles. m¿lia passuum.

Ren§ta Quantum abest R«ma § Tiberis How far is Rome from the mouth «sti«? of the Tiber? Magistra Circiter qu¿ndecim m¿lia passuum About fifteen miles. There it distat. Ibi in mare Tyrrh¡num s¡ empties into the Tyrrhenian effundit. Sea.

Ren§ta Quae g¡ns supr§ Tiberim What nation lived north of the habit§bat? Tiber? Magistra Etrusc¿, qu«rum pr¿nceps urbs erat The Etruscans, whose chief city V¡i¿. was Veii.

Ren§ta Estne R«ma cl¿v«sa an pl§na? Is Rome hilly or flat? Magistra R«ma est quidem cl¿v«sa; Rome is indeed hilly; it takes in complectitur ill«s inclut«s the famous seven hills. The city septem mont¡s. Urbs apposita is located at the bend in the est flexu¿ fl»minis. river.

Ren§ta Quis m«ns est proximus Tiber¿? Which hill is closest to the Tiber? Magistra M«ns Avent¿nus est proximus; The Aventine is closest; but the sed m«ns P§l§t¿nus est item Palatine Hill is likewise close to prope fl»men. the river.

Ren§ta Utinam aliquand« aspiciam How I wish to see the Tiber Tiberim! someday! Magistra Aspici¡s. You will. Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography 201

LEVEL III Traveling from Rome to Greece. Galfridus Magister, qu§ vi§ R«m§n¿ Jeffrey: Teacher, by what way did ant¿quitus in Graeciam iter the Romans in antiquity travel faci¡bant? to Greece? Magister In ‡tali§ ips§, via Appia § port§ Teacher: In Italy itself, the Via Cap¡n§ d»cit r¡ct§ ad montem Appia leads from the Porta Alb§num, deinde per pal»dem Capena in a straight line to the Pompt¿nam ad urbem Capuam. Alban Mount, then through the Pomptine marshes to the city of Capua.

Galfridus Estne Capua in Lati« an in Is Capua in Latium or in Camp§ni§? Campania? Magister Capua est profect« pr¿nceps urbs Capua is, in fact, the principal Camp§niae. city of Campania.

Galfridus Quantum R«ma abest Capu§? How far is Rome from Capua? Magister Abest paul« amplius quam It’s a little more than a hundred centum et v¿gint¿ m¿lia and twenty miles, as the crow passuum, m¡ns»r§ currente. flies. Then the road leads past Deinde via d»cit praeter Beneventum in the interior Beneventum in mediterr§ne« across the Apennines to the tr§ns montem Apenn¿num ad harbor at Brindisi. portum apud Brundisium.

Galfridus Tenditne m«ns Apenn¿nus ad Does the Apennine Range extend mer¿di§n§s regi«n¡s ‡taliae? to the southern regions of Italy? Magister Ita. M«ns Apenn¿nus, ‡taliae Yes. The Apennines, the largest amplissimus, tendit perpetu¿s (mountains) of Italy, extend in iug¿s ab Alpibus ad Siculum an unbroken chain from the fr¡tum. Alps to the Strait of Messina.

Galfridus N«nne f¿n¿tur via Appia ad Does the Via Appia end at the portum? harbor? Magister Ita. Etiamnum duae columnae Yes. Even today two high columns altae ante portum indicant in front of the harbor mark the f¿nem Viae Appiae. end of the Via Appia.

Galfridus N§vig§bantne R«m§n¿ per Did the Romans sail in a direct d¿r¡ctum ad sinum line to the Gulf of Corinth? Corinthiacum? No. You see, the passage across Magister N«n. Nam tr§nsitus tr§ns Hadri§ti- the Adriatic Sea was shortest cum mare erat brevissimus inter between Brindisi and Apollonia Brundisium et Apoll«niam, quae in Illyria. in Illyric« est. 202 Conversational Latin

Galfridus Vi§t«r¡s deinde terr¡n« itinere Did the travelers then head Ath¡n§s pet¡bant? overland for Athens? Magister Pr¿m« n§vig§bant in mer¿diem First they sailed southward close versus, secundum «ram Illyric¿; to the shore of Illyria; then they deinde intr§bant sinum entered the Gulf of Corinth. Corinthiacum. Postr¡m« Finally, they traveled overland veh¡bantur terr¡n« itinere per along the isthmus to Attica and isthmum in Atticam et Ath¡n§s. Athens.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______about (approximately) circiter, ferm¡ Athens Ath¡n·ae |§rum fpl accommodations hospiti·um |¿ n Attica Attic·a |ae f across tr§ns (+ acc); across from ex bank r¿p·a |ae f; the Tiber having advers« (+ gen), exadversum (+ acc) overflowed its banks Tiberis super adjacent to contermin·us |a |um (+ dat) r¿p§s eff»sus adjoin adiung·or |¿ adi»nctus sum (+ bay sin·us |»s m, recess·us |»s m dat) before (in front of) ante (+ acc) adjoining i»nct·us |a |um; adjoining begin at incip·i« |ere inc¡p¿ ab (+ abl) nations i»nctae n§ti«n¡s Beneventum Benevent·um |¿ n Adriatic Hadri§tic·us |a |um; the Adriatic Hadri§ticum mar·e |is n big ampl·us |a |um Africa ×fric·a |ae f behind (in the rear of) § terg« (+ gen) along per (+ acc), secundum (+ acc) bend s (of a river) flex·us |»s m Alps Alp·¡s |ium fpl bend intr s¡ flect·« |ere flex¿ flexus Alpine Alp¿n·us |a |um; Alpine chain beyond ultr§ (+ acc) ×lpium iug·a |«rum npl border on atting·« |ere (+ acc) America Americ·a |ae f; North America America Septentri«n§lis; border f¿n·is |is m, conf¿ni·um |¿ n South America America Mer¿di§na boundary f¿n·is |is m; (dividing line) American Americ§n·us |a |um discr¿m·en |inis n; at the boundary between Italy and Switzerland ad Apennines, Apennine Range Apenn¿nus m«n·s |tis m discr¿men ‡taliae et Helv¡tiae Appian Way vi·a |ae f Appia bounded: on the east it is bounded by … ab oriente clauditur (+ abl) area tract·us |»s m breadth l§tit»d·« |inis f; in breadth Asia Asi·a |ae f l§tit»dine, in l§tit»dinem at apud (+ acc) Brindisi Brundisi·um |¿ n Atlantic Atlantic·us |a |um; Atlantic Ocean Atlanticus «cean·us |¿ m, brook r¿vul·us |¿ m Atlanticum mar·e |is n business district empori·um |¿ n Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography 203 called dict·us, appell§t·us, vocit§t·us, crow: as the crow flies m¡ns»r§ voc§t·us, nuncup§t·us |a |um currente [lit: in a running Campania Camp§ni·a |ae f measurement] current fl»m·en |inis n (in the sense of canal foss·a |ae f “the flow”); against the current Capua Capu·a |ae f advers« fl»mine; strong current v¿s cape pr«mont«ri·um |¿ n f (no gen; acc: vim; abl: v¿) fl»minis; with the current s¡cund« capital cap·ut |itis n fl»mine cave spec·us |»s m curve (in a road, coast) §nfr§ct·us |»s m cavern sp¡lunc·a |ae f Danube river Dan»vius amn·is |is m causeway pedestris tr§nsit·us-»s m densely populated region r¡gi« chain: the Apennines extending in an uberrimae multit»dinis unbroken chain from the Alps to desert d¡sert·a |«rum npl … Apenn¿nus m«ns perpetu¿s iug¿s dimensions m¡ns»r·a |ae f or ab Alpibus tend¡ns ad (+ acc) m¡ns»r·ae |§rum fpl circumference circuit·us |»s m; its directly r¡ct§, per d¿r¡ctum crater measures 500 feet in circumference eius cr§t¡r patet distance spati·um |¿ n; its distance circuit» qu¿ngent«s ped¡s from the sea is three miles abest § mar¿ tria m¿lia passuum city urb·s |is f distant longinqu·us |a |um; to be climate cael·um |¿ n distant from abesse ab (+ abl), cluster (of islands, etc.) celebrit·§s dist§re ab (+ abl) |§tis f district tract·us |»s m, ag·er |r¿ m coast «r·a |ae f (maritima); on the coast dotted: the river is dotted with towns in «r§ (maritim§) on the right and left bank amnis confluence c«nflu·¡ns |entis m; at the accolitur (or frequent§tur) dextr§ confluence of the Tiber and the laev§que cr¡br¿s oppid¿s Anio inter c«nfluent¡s Tiberim et earthquake terrae mot·us |»s m Ani«nem east ori·¡ns |entis m; on the east (side) course curs·us |»s m; along a winding ab oriente; to the east in orientem course meante curs» versus (versus is an adverb) continent par·s |tis f mund¿ (or orbis eastern orient§l·is |is |e terr§rum) eastward in orientem versus (versus is Corinth Corinth·us |¿ f; gulf of Corinth an adverb) sin·us |»s m Corinthiacus (or empty (into) s¡ effund·« |ere eff»d¿ Corinthius) eff»sus crater cr§t·¡r |¡ris m end s f¿n·is |is m creek r¿v·us |¿ m end intr d¡sin·« |ere, f¿n·ior |¿r¿ crest (of a hill) iug·um |¿ n estuary aestu§ri·um |¿ n crossing (passage) tr§nsit·us |»s m Etruria Etr»ri·a |ae f 204 Conversational Latin

Europe Eur«p·a |ae f how: how far is … from quantum European Eur«pae·us |a |um distat (or abest) … ab (+ abl) extend (of land, body of water) tend·« Illyria Illyric·um |¿ n |ere, pr«tend·« |ere, pat·e« |¡re; the increase tr aug·e« |¡re aux¿ auctus ¶ region extends from … to … regi« intr aug·eor |¡r¿ auctus sum tendit ab (+ abl) ad (+ acc); to inland adv intus; towns inland from extend over (to cover) obtin·e« |¡re Tarentum oppida per continentem § face spect§re; to face north (south, Tarent« east, west) spect§re in (or ad) inland adj interi·or |or |us; inland seas septentri«n¡s (mer¿diem, orientem, mar·ia |ium npl interi«ra occidentem) interior s: in the interior in famous for inclutus, n«bilis (+ abl) mediterr§ne«, intus; toward the far long¡; farthest to the south interior intus longissim¡ in mer¿diem; (not) far interior adj interi·or |or |us from (haud) procul ab (+ abl) Ireland Hiberni·a |ae f field ag·er |r¿ m island ¿nsul·a |ae f; islands off the flat pl§n·us |a |um coast of Greece ¿nsulae ante flow flu·« |ere fl»x¿ fl»xus; to flow by Graeciam adlu·«, adluere; to flow down from isthmus isthm·us |¿ m (f) d¡fluere d¡ (+ abl); to flow into ¿nfluere in (+ acc); to flow out from Italy ‡tali·a |ae f effluere ab (+ abl); to flow past jut out see project praefluere (+ acc), praeterfluere (+ lagoon st§gn·um |¿ n acc) lake lac·us |»s m foot of a mountain r§d·¿x |¿cis m montis; at the foot of the mountain land terr·a |ae f r§d¿ce montis lead (of a road) d»c·« |ere d»x¿ ductus foothills r§d¿c·¡s |um mpl montis left sinist·er |ra |rum, laev·us |a |um; forest silv·a |ae f on the left laev§, § laev§; (to the) left sinistr«rsum, laev«rsum formerly ante§ length longit»d·« |inis f; in length front: in front of ante (+ acc) longit»dine, in longit»dinem frontier f¿n·is |is m, termin·us |¿ m lengthwise per longit»dinem geography ge«graphi·a |ae f lie iac·e« |¡re |u¿; to lie in the direction Gibraltar Calp·¡ |¡s f; strait of of verg·« |ere ad (+ acc) Gibraltar G§d¿t§num fr¡t·um |¿ n line l¿ne·a |ae f; in a straight line per Greece Graeci·a |ae f d¿r¡ctum gulf sin·us |»s m live (dwell) habit§re; to live near, (in harbor port·us |»s m the case of a river) to live on the banks of accol·« |ere |u¿ accultum head for pet·« |ere pet¿v¿ pet¿tus long long·us |a |um; fifteen miles long hill coll·is |is m qu¿ndecim m¿lia passuum (often hilly cl¿v«s·us |a |um written: p.) in longit»dinem or Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography 205

qu¿ndecim m¿lia passuum in north § septentri«ne; on the north longit»dinem pat¡ns (side) latere septentri«n§l¿ mainland contin·¡ns |entis f northern septentri«n§l·is |is |e map of the world orb·is |is m terr§rum northward in septentri«n¡s versus p¿ctus (versus is an adverb) meander me§re ocean «cean·us |¿ m; the Atlantic Ocean «ceanus Atlanticus or mare measure pat·e« |¡re, collig·« |ere; Atlanticum measuring ten miles in circumference pat¡ns (or collig¡ns) off (said of an island) ante (+ acc), apud decem m¿lia passuum circuit» (+ acc); off (the coast of) Italy ante ‡taliam Mediterranean Sea Internum mar·e |is n, Tuscum mare, Tyrrh¡num mare opposite prep versus (+ acc) (often postpositive), adversum (+ acc), mine metall·um |¿ n; gold (lead, iron, contr§ (+ acc); opposite of ex copper, silver, tin) mine metallum advers« or exadvers« (+ gen) aur¿ (plumb¿, ferr¿, aeris, argent¿, plumb¿ alb¿) pass (defile) salt·us |»s m moderate: of moderate size modic·us past praeter (+ acc) |a |um peninsula paen¿nsul·a |ae f mountain m«n·s |tis m plain camp·us |¿ m; open plains camp¿ mountain chain mont·¡s |ium mpl patent¡s perpetu¿ Pomptine Marshes pal·»s |»dis f mountainous montu«s·us |a |um, Pompt¿na mont§n·us |a |um pond st§gn·um |¿ n mouth (of a river) «sti·um |¿ n pool st§gn·um |¿ n narrow angust·us |a |um population multit»d·« |inis f; the total number of the population numer·us nation g¡n·s |tis f |¿ m omnis multit»dinis navigable n§vig§bi·lis |is |e port port·us |»s m near v¿c¿n·us |a |um (+ dat), prope (+ previously ante§ acc) principal (chief) pr¿nc·eps |ipis next adv proxim¡; next comes, then … then … after that unde … dein … productivity (of fields, mines, etc.) dein … inde … fertilit·§s |§tis f next to proxim·us |a |um (+ dat), iuxt§ project (of a promontory or cape) (+ acc) excurr·« |ere; to project far out into the sea excurrere long¡ in mare north adj super·ior |ior |ius, septentri«n§l·is |is |e race g¡n·s |tis f north adv ad septentri«n¡s; north of raft rat·is |is f supr§ (+ acc), super (+ acc) rapids vad·um |¿ n candic§ns north s septentri·« |«nis m or reach (arrive at) perven·i« |¿re ad or in septentri«n·¡s |um mpl; on the (+ acc) 206 Conversational Latin region regi·« |«nis f size magnit»d·« |inis f, amplit»d·« |inis ridge iug·um |¿ n f right dexter |(e)ra |(e)rum; on the right slope s cl¿v·us |¿ m; steep (gentle) slope dextr§, § dexter§; (to the) right arduus (l¡nis) cl¿vus dextr«rsum; to turn right slope intr verg·« |ere; sloping toward dextr«rsum s¡ vertere the sea verg¡ns ad mare rise (of a mountain) surg·« |ere; (of source f«n·s |tis m several mountains) c«nsurgere; (of a south adj ¿nfer·ior |ior |ius, mer¿di§n·us river, have its source) (ex)orior |a |um; on the south side latere (ex)or¿r¿; the Tiber rising in the mer¿di§n« Apennines Tiberis monte Apenn¿n« (ex)ori¡ns south adv ad mer¿diem; south of infr§ (+ acc) river fl»m·en |inis n, amn·is |is m (with no distinction as to size) south s mer¿di·¡s |¡¿ m, mer¿di§n·um |¿ n; in the south § mer¿di¡ river bed alve·us |¿ m southern s mer¿di§n·us |a |um, ¿nfer·ior Roman R«m§n·us |a |um |ior |ius Rome R«m·a |ae f (often referred to southward in mer¿diem versus (versus simply as urbs) is an adverb) rugged asp·er |era |erum spring f«n·s |tis m sail n§vig§re, (n§ve) vehor veh¿ vectus state stat·us |»s m, c¿vit·§s |§tis f sum strait fr¡t·um |¿ n; Strait of Messina sea mar·e |is n fr¡tum Siculum seacoast «r·a |ae f maritima, l¿t·us stream r¿v·us |¿ m |oris n stretch see extend seashore act·a |ae f suburb suburbi·um |¿ n; suburbs separate s¡par§re, discern·« |ere, continent·ia |ium npl distingu·« |ere; it is separated from Gaul by the Rhine River discernitur summit cac»m·en |inis n (or distinguitur or s¡par§tur) § Galli§ swamp pal·»s |»dis f amne Rh¡n« then (next) dein, inde; (at that time) tum shallow tenu·is |is |e Tiber Tiber·is |is m; (acc: Tiberim) short brev·is |is |e tide aest·us |»s m side lat·us |eris n; on the other side of topography loc«rum d¡scr¿pti·« |«nis f ultr§ (+ acc); on the right (side) of § latere dextr« (+ gen); on this side of town oppid·um |¿ n; small town cis or citr§ (+ acc) oppidul·um |¿ n site sit·us |»s m, loc·us |¿ m (pl: loc·a travel iter fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus; (by |«rum npl) sea) (n§ve) veh·or |¿ vectus sum situated on, near apposit·us |a |um (+ tributary fluvi·us |¿ m dat); to be situated on a hill ¿ns¿d·« Tyrrhenian Sea Tyrrh¡nicum mar·e |is |ere collem n, Tyrr(h)¡num mare Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography 207

Umbria Umbri·a |ae f western occident§l·is |is |e United States (of America) Ûn¿t¿ westward in occidentem versus (versus Stat·»s |uum mpl (Americae), is an adverb) C¿vit§t¡s Foeder§tae Americae fpl widen intr (of a country) s¡ pand·« |ere universe »nivers·um |¿ n, »niversit·§s width l§tit»d·« |inis f; in width |§tis f l§tit»dine, in l§tit»dinem valley vall·¡s |is f winding flexu«s·us |a |um; winding Veii V¡i·¿ |«rum mpl route ambit·us |»s m village v¿c·us |¿ m world mund·us |¿ m, orb·is |is m west occid·¡ns |entis m; in the west ab terr§rum occidente; to the west in occidentem versus (versus is an adverb)

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA______Ûn¿t¿ Stat»s Americae/C¿vit§t¡s Foeder§tae Americae [Note—The name of each State is given, followed by the name of its capital (cap), sometimes another large city or two, the adjective form and the substantive (s) for the inhabitant of the State.]

Alabama Alab§m·a |ae f; (cap) California Californi·a |ae f; (cap) Montgomery M«n·s |tis m Sacramento Sacr§ment·um |¿ n; Los Gomeric¿; Mobile M«bil·is |is f; adj Angeles Angelopol·is |is f; Alab§m¡ns·is |is |e Hollywood ×crif«li«rum Silv·a |ae f; San Diego Didacopol·is |is f; San Alabaman s Alab§m¡ns·is |is (gen pl: Francisco Franciscopol·is |is f; adj |ium) mf Californi¡ns·is |is |e Alaska Alasc·a |ae f; (cap) Juneau Californian s Californi¡ns·is |is (gen Iunell·um |¿ n; Anchorage pl: |ium) mf Ancor§ri·a |ae f; adj Alasc§n·us |a Colorado Col«r§t·um |¿ n; (cap) |um Denver Denveri·um |¿ n; Durango Alaskan s Alasc§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) D»rang·um |¿ n; adj Col«r§t¡ns·is Arizona Ariz«n·a |ae f; (cap) Phoenix |is |e Phoen·ix |icis f; adj Ariz«n¡ns·is Coloradan s Col«r§t¡ns·is |is (gen pl: |is |e |ium) mf Arizonan s Ariz«n¡ns·is |is (gen pl: Connecticut Connectic»t·a |ae f; (cap) |ium) mf Hartford Hardifordi·a |ae f; adj Connectic»t¡ns·is |is |e; s Arkansas Arc§nsi·a |ae f; (cap) Little Connectic»t¡ns·is |is (gen pl: |ium) Rock Petricul·a |ae f; adj mf Arc§nsi¡ns·is |is |e Delaware Delev§ri·a |ae f; (cap) Dover Arkansan s Arc§nsi¡ns·is |is (gen pl: Dubr·is |is f; adj Delavari§n·us |a |ium) mf |um 208 Conversational Latin

Delawarean s Delev§ri§n·us |¿ m (·a Lexington Lexint«ni·a |ae f; adj |ae f) Kentuki§n·us |a |um Florida Fl«rid·a |ae f; (cap) Kentuckian s Kentuki§n·us |¿ m (·a Tallahassee Tellahassi·a |ae f; |ae f) Miami Miami·a |ae f; Palm Beach Louisiana Ludov¿ci§n·a |ae f; (cap) ør·a |ae f Palmaria; adj Fl«ridi§n·us Baton Rouge Rubrobast·um |¿ n; |a |um New Orleans Nov·a Aur¡li·a |ae f; Floridian s Fl«ridi§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) adj Ludov¿ci§n¡ns·is |is |e Georgia Georgi·a |ae f; (cap) Atlanta Louisianan s Ludov¿ci§n¡ns·is |is mf Atlant·a |ae f; Athens Ath¡n·ae Maine Cenomannic·a |ae f; (cap) |§rum fpl; Savannah Savann·a |ae f; Augusta August·a |ae f; adj adj Georgi§n·us |a | um Cenoman¡ns·is |is |e Georgian s Georgi§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) Mainer s Cenomannic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) Hawaii Havai·¿ |«rum mpl; (cap) Honolulu Honol»l·um |¿ n; Pearl Maryland Terr·a |ae f Mar¿ae; (cap) Harbor Port·us |»s m Margar¿t§rius Annapolis Ann§pol·is |is f; Baltimore Baltim«r·a |ae f; adj (use Hawaiian adj Havai§n·us |a |um; s genitive Terrae Mar¿ae) Havai§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) Massachusetts Massaciusset·a |ae f; Idaho Idah·um |¿ n; (cap) Boise (cap) Boston Bost«ni·a |ae f; adj Xylopol·is |is f; adj Idah¡ns·is |is |e Massaciuset§n·us |a |um; s Idahoan s Idah¡ns·is |is (gen pl: |ium) Massaciusset§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) mf Michigan Michigani·a |ae f; (cap) Illinois Illinoesi·a |ae f; (cap) Lansing L§nsing·a |ae f; Detroit Springfield Campif«n·s |tis m; Detroit·um ¿ n; adj Michigan¡ns·is Chicago Chic§g·um |¿ n; adj |is |e Illinoesi§n·us |a |um Michigander Michigan¡ns·¿s |is (gen Illinois s Illinoesi§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) pl: |ium) mf Indiana Indi§n·a |ae f; (cap) Minnesota Minnes«t·a |ae f; (cap) St. Indianapolis Indi§n§pol·is |is f; adj Paul Paulopol·is |is f; Minneapolis Indi§n¡ns·is |is |e Minne§pol·is |is f; adj Indianian s Indi§n¡ns·is |is mf Minnes«t§n·us |a |um Iowa Iov·a |ae f; (cap) Des Moines Minnesotan s Minnes«t§n·us |¿ m (·a Monachopol·is |is f; adj Iov§n·us |a |ae f) |um Mississippi Mississippi·a |ae f; (cap) Iowan s Iov§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) Jackson Iacs«ni·a |ae f; adj Mississippi§n·us |a |um Kansas C§nsi·a |ae f; (cap) Topeka Top¡c·a |ae f; Kansas City Mississippian s Mississippi§n·us |¿ m C§nsiopol·is |is f; adj C§nsi§n·us |a (·a |ae f) |um Missouri Miss»ri·a |ae f; (cap) Kansan s C§nsi§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) Jefferson City Ieffers«ni·a |ae f; adj Kentucky Kentuki·a |ae f; (cap) Miss»ri§n·us |a |um Frankfort Francofurt·um |¿ n; Missourian s Miss»ri§n·us |¿ (·a |ae f) Chapter XXIII: Geography and Topography 209

Montana Mont§n·a |ae f; (cap) Helena Ralei·a |ae f; adj Carol¿n¡ns·is Helenopol·is |is f; adj Mont§ni§n·us Septentri«n§l·is |is |e |a |um North Carolinian s Carol¿n¡ns·is |is Montanan s Mont§ni§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae mf Septentri«n§lis f) North Dakota Dac«t·a |ae Nebraska Nebrasc·a |ae f; (cap) Septentri«n§l·is |is f; (cap) Bismark Lincoln Lincolni·a |ae f; adj Bismarcopol·is |is f Nebrasc§n·us |a |um North Dakotan Dac«t§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae Nebraskan s Nebrasc§n·us |¿ m (·a f) Septentri«n§lis |ae f) Ohio Oh¿·um |¿ n; (cap) Columbus Nevada Niv§t·a |ae f; (cap) Carson Columbopol·is |is f; Cincinnati City Cars«ni·a |ae f; Reno R¡n·um Cincinn§topol·is |is f; adj Ohi¡ns·is |¿ n; adj Niv§t¡ns·is |is |e |is |e Nevadan s Niv§t¡ns·is |is (gen pl: Ohioan s Ohi¡ns·is |is (gen pl: |ium) mf |ium) mf Oklahoma Oclah«m·a |ae f; (cap) New Hampshire Nova Hantesc¿r·a |ae Oklahoma City Oclah«m·a |ae f; (cap) Concord Concordi·a |ae f; Urb·s |is f; adj Oclah«m¡ns·is |is |e adj Novohantescir§n·us |a |um; s Novohantescir§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) Oklahoman s Oclah«m¡ns·is |is (gen pl: |ium) mf New Jersey Nova Caesar¡·a |ae f; (cap) Trenton Trent«ni·a |ae f; Newark Oregon Oreg«ni·a |ae f; (cap) Salem Nov·a Arc·a |ae f; adj Salem indecl n; adj Oreg«ni¡ns·is Novocaesari¡ns·is |is |e |is |e New Jerseyite s Novocaesari¡ns·is Oregonian s Oreg«ni¡ns·is |is (gen pl: |is mf |ium); mf New Mexico Nov·um Mexic·um |¿ n; Pennsylvania Pennsilv§ni·a |ae f; (cap) (comp) Santa Fe Fidepol·is |is f; adj Harrisburg Harrisburg·um |¿ n; Novomexic§n·us |a |um Philadelphia Philadelphi·a |ae f; Pittsburgh Pittsburg·um |¿ n; adj New Mexican s Novomexic§n·us |¿ m Pennsilv§ni¡ns·is |is |e (·a |ae f) Pennsylvanian s Pennsilv§ni¡ns·is |is New York (state) Nov·um Ebor§c·um (gen pl: |ium) mf |¿ n; (cap) Albany Alban·um |¿ n; Rochester Rucup·ae |§rum fpl; Rhode Island Rhod¡ns·is |is Insul·a |ae Buffalo Bufal·um |¿ n; adj Neo- f; (cap) Providence Pr«videnti·a |ae Ebor§c¡ns·is |is |e f; adj Rhod¡ns·is |is New York (city) Nov·um Ebor§c·um |¿ Rhode Islander s Rhod¡ns·is |is (gen n; Bronx Bronxi·a |ae f; Brooklyn pl: |ium) mf Bruclin·um |¿ n; Long Island South Carolina Carol¿n·a |ae Long·a Insul·a |ae f; Manhattan Mer¿di«n§l·is |is f; (cap) Columbia Manhattan·um |¿ n Columbi·a |ae f; adj Carol¿n¡ns·is New Yorker s Neo-Ebor§c¡ns·is |is mf |is |e North Carolina Carol¿n·a |ae South Carolinian s Carol¿n¡ns·is Septentri«n§l·is |is f; (cap) Raleigh |is (gen pl: |ium) mf Mer¿di«n§lis 210 Conversational Latin

South Dakota Dac«t·a |ae Virginia Virgini·a |ae f; (cap) Mer¿di«n§l·is |is f; (cap) Pierre Richmond Ricmondi·a |ae f; adj Petropol·is |is f; adj Dac«t§n·us |a Virgini¡ns·is |is |e |um Virginian s Virgini¡ns·is |is (gen pl: South Dakotan s Dac«t§n·us |¿ m (·a |ium) mf |ae f) Mer¿di«n§l·is |is Washington Vashint«ni·a |ae f; (cap) Tennessee Tennesi·a |ae f; (cap) Olympia Olympi·a |ae f; adj Nashville Nasburg·um |¿ n; adj Vashint«niens·is |is |e Tennesi§n·us |a |um Washingtonian Vashint«ni¡ns·is |is Tennesseean s Tennesi§n·us |¿ m (·a (gen pl: |ium) mf |ae f) West Virginia Virgini·a |ae f Texas Texi·§ |ae f; (cap) Austin Occident§lis; (cap) Charleston Austinopol·is |is f; Dallas Carolopol·is |is f Dallasi·um |¿ n; Houston West Virginian Virgini¡ns·is |is (gen Hustopol·is |is f; adj Texi§n·us |a pl: |ium) mf Occident§l·is |um Wisconsin Visconsini·a |ae f; (cap) Texan s Tex·§s |¿ m (·a |ae f) Madison Madisoni·a |§e n; adj Utah Ûta |ae f; (cap) Salt Lake City Visconsi§n·us |a |um Urb·s |is f Lac»s Sals¿; adj Ût¡ns·is Wisconsinite Visconsi§n·us |¿ m (·a |is |e |ae f) Utahan s Ût¡ns·is |is m (gen pl Wyoming Vyomin·a |ae f; Casper -ium) mf Casperi·a |ae f; Cheyenne Vermont M«n·s |tis m Viridis ; (cap) Cheyenn·a |ae f; adj Vyomin§nus |a Montpelier M«n·s |tis m Pessul§nus |um adj (use genitive Montis Viridis) Wyomingite Vyomin§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) Chapter XXIV: Travel

CONVERSATIONS ______

LEVEL I At the New York train station.

Di§na Salv¡! Velim compar§re tesseram Diane: Hello! I’d like to buy a itiner§riam pr¿mae classis. first-class ticket. Tesser§rius Qu«, quaes«? Ticket agent: Where to, please?

Di§na In Californiam. To California. Tesser§rius V¿sne tesseram un¿us curs»s an Do you want a one-way ticket or tesseram it»s redit»sque? a round-trip ticket?

Di§na Tesseram it»s redit»sque. Quot§ A round-trip ticket. At what time h«r§ tr§men meum absc¡dit? does the train depart? Tesser§rius H«r§ »ndecim§. At eleven o’clock.

Di§na × quot§ crep¿dine tr§men From which platform does the absc¡dit? train depart? Tesser§rius × crep¿dine qu§rt§, in orbit§ From platform 4, on track 10. decim§.

Di§na Estne tr§men d¿r¡ctum? Is it a through train? Tesser§rius Minim¡. M»t§bis tr§mina in No. You will change trains at the stati«ne Chic§g¡ns¿. Qu§s Chicago station. What luggage sarcin§s t¡cum hab¡s? do you have with you?

Di§na Ûnum riscum, »nam bulgam, One suitcase, a handbag, and a »nam p¡ram. shoulder bag. Tesser§rius C»r§ti« sarc¿n§rum est ill¿c, iuxt§ The baggage check is over there oecum praest«l§t«rium. near the waiting room.

Di§na Suntne b§iul¿ in prompt»? Are there porters available? Tesser§rius Ita. Ill¿ ill¿c stant prope sc§l§s Yes. They are standing there near m«bil¡s. the escalator.

Di§na Suntne currus c¡n§t«rius et currus Are there a dining car and a dorm¿t«rius in h«c tr§mine? pullman car on this train? Tesser§rius Cert¡. Certainly. 211 212 Conversational Latin

Di§na Quam mox mihi licet tr§men How soon may I board the train? ferrivi§rium ¿nscendere? Tesser§rius V¿gint¿ aut summum tr¿gint§ In twenty or at most thirty min»t¿s. En, cape hoc h«r§rium minutes. Here, take this train tr§minum. schedule.

Di§na Gr§ti§s. Quant¿ c«nstat tessera Thanks. How much is the ticket? itiner§ria? Tesser§rius Centum oct«gint§ qu¿nque $185.00. dollar¿s.

Di§na Ecce vect»ram. Here’s the fare. Tesser§rius Gr§ti§s. Bene ambul§! Thanks. Have a good trip!

LEVEL II At the airport. Rosa Salv¡! Velim tesseram itiner§riam Rose: Hello! I’d like to buy a (ad urbem) Vindobonam in ticket to Vienna, Austria. Austriam compar§re. Tesser§rius Hab¡sne s¡dem reserv§tam? Ticket agent: Did you make a reservation?

Rosa N«n habe«. I have not. Tesser§rius Contingit tibi ut aliquot s¡d¡s Lucky for you, there are still some vacuae restent. Opt§sne s¡dem empty seats. Do you want a pr¿mae classis? first-class seat?

Rosa S§n¡. Of course. Tesser§rius In qu§ parte §ëroplan¿ v¿s sed¡re? In what section of the plane do you want to sit?

Rosa Me§ n¿l interest. Vol« autem It makes no difference to me; but I prope exitum sed¡re, s¿ fier¿ want to sit near an exit if potest. possible. Tesser§rius Prob¡. Habe« forte vacuam s¡dem Fine. I happen to have an empty in «rdine decim« quart«. seat in row fourteen.

Rosa Praefer« s¡dem fenestr§lem. I prefer a window seat. Tesser§rius Bene hoc habet. That’s fine. Chapter XXIV: Travel 213

Rosa N«nne poter« vol§re r¡ct§ in Can I fly directly to Austria? Austriam? Tesser§rius Tibi volandum erit aut per You will have to fly either by way Par¿si«s aut Francofordiam. of Paris or Frankfurt.

Rosa Mihi opus erit §ëroplana m»t§re? Will I have to change planes? Tesser§rius Ita, apud utrumque §ëroportum. Yes, at either airport.

Rosa Apud quem §ëroportum est At which airport is there the coni»ncti« melior? better connection? Tesser§rius Commor§ti« apud §ërportum The layover at the Frankfurt Francofordi¡nsem est satis airport is fairly short: two brevis: du§s h«r§s summum. hours at most.

Rosa Bene. Capiam vol§tum per Good. I’ll take the flight by way of Francofordiam. Frankfurt. Tesser§rius Prob¡. Fine.

Rosa Licetne hanc sarcinulam May I take my hand luggage with manu§lem m¡cum in me on the plane? §ëroplanum port§re? Tesser§rius Licet tibi. Modo rep«ne eam in You may. Just put it in the retin§cul« sarcin§l¿ supr§ s¡dem luggage rack over your seat. tuam.

Rosa Qu§nt¿ c«nstat tessera? How much is the ticket? Tesser§rius Ecce tesseram tuam. Pr¡tium est Here’s your ticket. The price is octingent¿ tr¿gint§ dollar¿. $830.00.

Rosa Praesent§riam pec»niam n«n I don’t have the cash. But here’s habe«. Ecce autem meam my credit card. tabellam tr¿b»t§riam. Tesser§rius Bene est. Gr§ti§s. Bene val¡! That’s fine. Thanks. So long.

LEVEL III Getting ready to go by car. Uxor Heus, t», estne autoc¿n¡tum Wife: Hey, you, is our car still at nostrum adh»c in offic¿n§ the repair shop? As you well repar§t«ri§? Ut satis sc¿s, mihi know, I have to go shopping hodi¡ obs«nandum est. today. Mar¿tus Minim¡. Ego id iam ex offic¿n§ Husband: No. I’ve already repar§t«ri§ pet¿v¿. fetched it from the repair shop. 214 Conversational Latin

Uxor Estne proinde iste currus tandem That car, then, is finally repaired? repar§tus? Mar¿tus Ita, mot«rium r»rsus in bon« stat» Yes, the motor is in good shape est. again.

Uxor Et quid d¡ cumme¿s canth¿s? And what about the tires? Mar¿tus Cumme¿ canth¿ iam § mechanic« The mechanic has already opifice m»t§tae sunt. changed the tires.

Uxor D§ operam e¿s r¡bus continu«! See to those things immediately! I N«n »niversum diem habe« don’t have all day to waste. quem abs»mam. Mar¿tus D§b« profect«. Sed mement«, I will all right. But remember that necesse hab¡bimus c«nsistere in we will have to stop at the stati«ne benz¿n§ri§ ad benz¿num service station to get gas. comparandum.

Uxor R»rsus? Again? Mar¿tus R»rsus quidem! Benz¿num enim Yes, again! The gas, you see, is iam d¡ficit. running low.

Uxor D¿ immort§l¡s! Ecquand« mihi Good heavens! When will I ever erit locus obs«n§nd¿! Istuc have a chance to shop? That autoc¿n¡tum est ing¡ns car is a big pain in the neck! molestia! Mar¿tus (S¡cum) Et s¿c t» quoque! (To himself) And so are you! Chapter XXIV: Travel 215

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______accelerator acceler§tr·um |¿ n drive a car currum or autoraedam accident c§s·us |»s m; an accident gubern§re or ag« agere ¡g¿ §ctus; to happened on the way c§sus fortu¿t« get (buy) a car currum or ¡v¡nit in itinere autoraedam compar§re; to get into a car currum or autoraedam airbag §erius foll·is |is m intr«·gredior |gred¿ |gressus sum; to airline tr§m·es |itis m §erius get out of the car d¡ curr» or airplane §ëroplan·um |¿ n autoraed§ ¡gredior ¡gred¿ ¡gressus sum; to go by (or in a) car curr» or airport §ëroport·us |»s m autoraed§ e« ¿re ¿v¿ or i¿; to go to air pressure pressi·« |«nis f §eria town by car autoraed§ in urbem s¡ confer« |ferre |tul¿; to head for aisle (of bus, plane, train) someplace in a car autoraed§ ambul§tiuncul·a |ae f aliquem locum pet·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus; ambulance autoarcer·a |ae f to put the car into the garage arrival advent·us |»s m autoraedam in recept§cul« colloc§re; to rent a car autoraedam cond»c·« arrival time temp·us |oris n adveniend¿ |ere cond»x¿ conductus; to ride in a arrive adven·i« |¿re adv¡n¿ advent»rus; car autoraed§ vehor veh¿ vectus arrive at perven·i« |¿re perv¡n¿ ad sum; to stop the car autoraedam or in (+ acc) sist« sistere stit¿; to take a ride in a automobile autoraed·a |ae f, car gest§ti«nem autoraed§ facere; to autoc¿n¡t·um |¿ n (used take s.o. by car aliquem autoraed§ interchangeably) d»c·« |ere d»x¿ ductus; to take s.o. home in a car aliquem domum baggage cart ch¿ramaxi·um |¿ n autoraed§ add»cere; car door sarcin§rum autoraedae «stiol·um |¿ n; car key baggage check c»r§ti·« |«nis f clav·is |is acc¡ns¿va |ae f sarcin§rum carry (luggage) b§iul§re board ¿nscend·« |ere |¿ car wash autoc¿n¡t·¿ lav§ti·« |«nis f; bicycle birot·a |ae f (place) autoc¿n¡t¿ lav§t«ri·um |¿ n brake s suffl§m·en |inis n; to apply the change (buses, trains, planes) m»t§re brake rot§s suffl§min§re (autoraed§s long§s, tr§mina, brake lights (autoraedae) l»min§r·ia §ëroplana) |ium npl post¿ca check into a hotel n«men in tabul§s bumper cont·us |¿ m t»t«rius d¡vers«ri¿ refer·« referre retul¿; check out of a hotel § d¡vers«ri« bus autoraed·a |ae f longa, disc¡d·« |ere disc¡ss¿ (post rati«nem coenautoc¿n¡t·um |¿ n comp«nendam) bypass circuit·us |»s m check luggage sarcin§s mand§re can v§scul·um |¿ n stanneum class: first-class seat s¡d·¡s |is f pr¿mae car curr·us |»s m, autoraed·a |ae f; to classis; second-class seat s¡d·¡s |is f climb into a car in currum or in secundae classis; tourist-class seat autoraedam ¿nscend·« |ere |¿; to s¡d·¡s |is f t»risticae classis 216 Conversational Latin clutch ped§l·e |is n i»ncti«nis (or fuel m§teri·a |ae f pr«puls«ria c«pul§ti«nis) gallon gall·on |«nis m cockpit cellul·a |ae f §ëroplan¿ garage autoc¿n¡t¿ (autoc¿n¡t«rum) collision coll¿si·« |«nis f recept§cul·um |¿ n; (repair garage) concourse oec·us |¿ m praest«l§t«rius offic¿n·a |ae f repar§t«ria conductor (of a train) tr§minis gas benz¿n·um |¿ n; to step on the gas ¿nspect·or |«ris m acceler§re connection coni»ncti·« |«nis f gas pedal ped§l·e |is n acceler§ti«nis depart absc¡d·« |ere abscess¿ gas pump antli·a |ae f benz¿n§ria abscess»rus gas station stati·« |«nis f benz¿n§ria departure abscess·us |»s m gas tank immiss§ri·um |¿ n benz¿n§rium detour flex·us |»s m gate (at airport) adit·us |»s m diesel engine D¿seli§num m«tr·um |¿ n gearshift iuncti·« |«nis f v¡l«cit§tum diesel fuel D¿seli§num benz¿n·um |¿ n get off (a bus, plane, ship, train) dining car curr·us |»s m c¡n§t«rius ¡gredior ¡gred¿ ¡gressus sum d¡ (+ drive (a car, truck, bus) gubern§re, ag·« abl) |ere ¡g¿ §ctus; to drive s.o. home get on (a bus, plane, ship, train) aliquem domum autoc¿n¡t« (or ¿nscend·« |ere |¿ in (+ acc) autoraed§) add»cere grease ung·« ungere »nx¿ »nctus driver autoraed§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), grease job »ncti·« |«nis f autoc¿n¡tist·¡s mf handbag bulg·a |ae f; (of leather and driver’s license autoraed§ri¿ dipl«m·a bigger than a bulga) vidul·us |¿ m |atis n hand luggage sarcinul·ae |§rum fpl engine m§chin§ment·um |¿ n, m«tr·um manu§l¡s |¿ n hangar recept§cul·um |¿ n escalator sc§l·ae |§rum fpl m«bil¡s §ëroplan«rum exhaust ¡miss§ri·um |¿ n headlight autoraedae l»min§r·e |is n; to exhaust pipe tub·us |¿ m ¡miss§rius turn on (turn off) the bright (dim) exit exit·us |»s m lights l»min§ria praecandentia (candentia) accend·« |ere |¿ express train tr§m·en |inis n (exstingu·« |ere exst¿nx¿) rapidissimum helicopter helicopter·um |¿ n; to be fare vect»r·a |ae f taken by helicopter to per ferry n§v·is |is f tr§iect«ria helicopterum tr§ns·vehor |veh¿ fill it up, please! immiss§rium |vectus sum; to fly a helicopter benz¿n§rium repl¡ t«tum, quaes«! helicopterum gubern§re; to fly in a flight vol§t·us |»s m helicopter helicopter« vehor veh¿ vectus sum fly tr fly a plane §ëroplanum gubern§re ¶ intr vol§re; (of a passenger) highway vi·a |ae f autoc¿n¡tica §ëroplan« vehor, veh¿, vectus sum hood ploxen·um |¿ n Chapter XXIV: Travel 217 horn b»cin·a |ae f; to blow the horn motorcyclist autobirot§ri·us |¿ m (·a b»cin§ clang·« |ere |ae f) hostess hospit·a |ae f §eria motorist autoraed§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), autoc¿n¡tist·¡s |ae mf information ¿ndici·um |¿ n motor oil ole·um |¿ n m«t«ri¿ interchange coniuncti·« |«nis f vi§rum no parking cav¡ statu§s vehiculum! intersection compit·um |¿ n no stopping n¡ sistit«! jet plane §ëroplan·um |¿ n pyrauloc¿n¡ticum no passing cav¡ praeveh§ris! pack (luggage) collig·« |ere coll¡g¿ kilometer ch¿liometr·um |¿ n coll¡ctus land (of a plane) deorsum appell·« |ere park tr statu·« |ere |u¿ ¶ intr appul¿, d¡scend·« |ere |¿; (of a ship) autoc¿n¡tum statuere ad terram appellere; (of a passenger on a ship) in terram ¡gredior |¿ parking fee tax·a |ae f stat¿va ¡gressus sum parking lot §re·a |ae f stat¿va layover commor§ti·« |«nis f parking-lot attendant cust·«s |«dis mf §reae stat¿vae lead: does this road lead to … ? d»citne haec via ad (+ acc)? passenger vect·or |«ris m, vectr·¿x |¿cis f license (to drive) dipl«m·a |atis n gubern§ti«nis passenger train tr§m·en |inis n comm»ne license plate not§cul·um |¿ n autoc¿n¡t¿ passing: no passing! cav¡ praeveh§ris! liter l¿tr·a |ae f passport comme§t»s dipl«m·a |atis n locomotive curr·us |»s m tract«rius pilot s gubern§t·or |«ris m, gubern§tr·¿x lost: get lost aberr§re |¿cis f lubrication »ncti·« |«nis f autoc¿n¡t¿ pilot tr gubern§re luggage sarcin·ae |§rum fpl; piece of plane §ëroplan·um |¿ n luggage sarcin·a |ae f; (small) platform (in a train station) crep¿d·« sarcinul·a |ae f |inis f luggage rack retin§cul·um |¿ n porter b§iul·us |¿ m sarcin§le; put up into the luggage pullman car curr·us |»s m dorm¿t«rius rack in retin§cul« rep«n·« |ere reposu¿ railroad ferrivi·a |ae f luggage tag pittaci·um |¿ n sarcin§le railroad car curr·us |»s m ferrivi§rius mechanic mechanicus op·ifex |ificis m railroad station stati·« |«nis f ferrivi§ria moped autobirotul·a |ae f reach (arrive at) perven·i« |¿re perv¡n¿ motel d¡vers«ri·um |¿ n vehicul§rium perventus ad or in (+ acc) motor m«t«ri·um |¿ n, m«tr·um |¿ n reservation reserv§ti·« |«nis f motor boat scaph·a |ae f automat§ria reserve reserv§re motorcycle autobirot·a |ae f restaurant caup«n·a |ae f 218 Conversational Latin restroom loc·us |¿ m s¡cr¡tus stop (come to a stop) c«nsist·« |ere return red·e« |¿re |i¿ reditus c«nstit¿; does the bus (train) stop in … subsistitne autoraeda longa ride (a car, plane, train) vehor, veh¿, (tr§men) in (+ abl)?; make a stop vectus sum (autoc¿n¡t«, §ëroplan«, (of a bus, plane, train) commor·or tr§mine) |§r¿ |§tus sum ride vecti·« |«nis f; to go for a ride stop-over commor§ti·« |«nis f gest§ti«nem autoc¿n¡t« facere street (paved) str§t·a |ae f route certus curs·us |»s m streetcar curr·us |»s m ¡lectricus row «rd·« |inis m street map tabul·a |ae f vi§ria runway §erodrom·us |¿ m subway ferrivi·a |ae f subterr§nea sail n§vig§re, n§ve veh·or |¿ vectus sum suitcase vidul·us |¿ m, risc·us |¿ m; schedule: bus schedule h«r§ri·um |¿ n (small one) riscul·us |¿ m autoraed§rum long§rum; flight taillight l»min§r·e |is n post¿cum schedule h«r§ri·um |¿ n take off (of a plane) s»rsum in §ëra §ëroplan«rum; train schedule ascend·« |ere |¿ h«r§ri·um |¿ n tr§minum take-off (of a plane) §vol§ti·« |«nis f seat s¡d·¡s |is f; aisle seat s¡d¡s taxi raed·a |ae f merit«ria andr«n§lis; back seat s¡d¡s posterior; front seat s¡d¡s anterior; terminal stati·« |«nis f termin§lis reserved seat s¡d¡s reserv§ta; ticket tesser·a |ae f (itiner§ria); first- window seat s¡d¡s fenestr§lis class (second-class) ticket tessera seatbelt cinct»r·a |ae f s¡c»r¿t§tis; pr¿mae (secundae) classis; one-way fasten (unfasten, take off) the ticket tessera »n¿us curs»s; punch seatbelt cinct»ram s¡c»rit§tis the ticket tesseram perfor§re; return ticket tessera redit»s; round-trip adstring·« |ere adstr¿x¿ adstr¿ctus ticket tessera it»s redit»sque (lax§re, lev§re) ticket agent tesser§ri·us |¿ m, (·a |ae f) service station stati·« |«nis f benz¿n§ria ticket window «stiol·um |¿ n tesser§rum shoulder bag per·a |ae f time table h«r§ri·um |¿ n side street vi·a |ae f later§lis tire cummeus canth·us |¿ m; to put air skycap b§iul·us |¿ m in the tire cummeum canthum sleeping car curr·us |»s m dorm¿t«rius ¿nfl§re slow down cursum reprim« reprimere toll rot§ri·um |¿ n, vect¿g·al |§lis n repress¿ rot§re spark plug cand¡l·a |ae f acc¡ns¿va toll booth tabern·a |ae f rot§ris speed limit mod·us |¿ m v¡l«cit§tis toll road vi·a |ae f rot§ris tour peregr¿n§ti·« |«nis f steer gubern§re tour bus coenautoc¿n¡t·um |¿ n steering wheel rot·a |ae f moder§tr¿x perig¡ticum steward hos·pes |itis m §erius tour guide mystag«g·us |¿ m (·a stewardess hospit·a |ae f §eria |ae f) Chapter XXIV: Travel 219 tourist peregr¿n§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x trolley curr·us |»s m ¡lectricus |tr¿cis f) truck autoc¿n¡t·um |¿ n oner§rium, tourist class class·is |is f t»ristica autocarr·um |¿ n track (rail) orbit·a |ae f truck driver, trucker autoc¿n¡t¿ traffic celebrit·§s |§tis f viae, oner§ri¿ gubern§t·or |«ris m vehicul«rum frequenti·a |ae f trunk (of a car) recept§cul·um |¿ n traffic cop vigil |is mf viat«ri·us (-a) sarcin§rum; (for clothes) cist·a |ae f traffic jam affluenti·a |ae f vehicul§ria tunnel (for trains, cars) spec·us |»s m (ferrivi§rius, autoc¿n¡ticus) traffic light s¡maphor·um |¿ n (red rubrum; yellow fl§vum; green turn s (in the road) flex·us |»s m viae; viride) take a wrong turn perperam vert·or |¿ versus sum train tr§m·en |inis n; a through train tr§men d¿r¡ctum turn intr vert·or |¿ versus sum; turn around convert·or |¿ conversus sum train schedule h«r§ri·um |¿ n ferrivi§le turn-off d¡verticul·um |¿ n train station stati·« |«nis f ferrivi§ria turnpike str§t·a |ae f autoc¿n¡tica train ticket tesser·a |ae f ferrivi§ria quadripert¿ta transfer to (another train, etc.) turn signal ind·ex |icis m d¿r¡cti«nis tr§nscend·« |ere |¿ in (+ acc) way vi·a |ae f, it·er |ineris n; what is transportation vect»r·a |ae f, the quickest (best) way to … ? comme§t»s vehicul·a |«rum npl quae est via brevissima (optima) ad travel iter fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus; travel (+ acc)? by car (train, plane, ship) waiting room oec·us |¿ m autoc¿n¡t« (tr§mine, §ëroplan«, n§v¿) praest«l§t«rius vehor veh¿ vectus sum window (of bus, car, etc.) fenestell·a travel agency s¡d·¡s |is f peri¡g¡tica |ae f travel agent itinerum pr«c»r§·tor |t«ris window seat s¡d·¡s |is f fenestr§lis m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) windshield vitr·um |¿ n anti§erium traveler vi§t·or |«ris m, vi§tr·¿x |¿cis f; (abroad) peregr¿n§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x windshield wiper vitritergi·um |» n |tr¿cis f) trip iter, itineris n; take a trip iter facere Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin

CONVERSATIONS ______[Note 1—In this chapter on teaching and learning Latin grammar in Latin, in place of the usual model conversations, there will be questions by the teacher (Magistra, Magister) and answers by the student (Stud¡ns). Using these exchanges as models, Latin classes can be conducted in Latin. If some of the responses by the student seem overly long, they may easily be reformulated into several shorter questions. The grammatical terms and structures are based on the writings of the Roman grammarians. Note 2—It is possible to proceed directly to “The Parsing of Words” which follows the section on principal parts, although it is better to at least read carefully the discussion of the principal parts in order to become familiar with the grammatical terminology before beginning to parse.]

D¡ Partibus ør§ti«nis The Parts of Speech

Magist. Part¡s «r§ti«nis quot sunt? How many parts of speech are there? Stud¡ns Oct«. Eight.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns N«men, pr«n«men, verbum, Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adiect¿vum, adverbium, adverb, conjunction, coni»ncti«, praepositi«, preposition, interjection. interiecti«.

D¡ N«mine The Noun [Note—When declining nouns, Roman grammarians used “hic, haec, hoc” as definite articles, meaning “the,” and not as demonstrative adjectives; they called them “pr«n«mina articul§ria praeposit¿va”, that is, “prepositive pronouns serving as articles.” Therefore, they will be translated as “the” in the declensions.]

Magist. D¿c [or d§] n«men proprium. Give a proper noun. Stud¡ns Caesar. Caesar.

Magist. D¿c n«men appell§t¿vum. Give a common noun. Stud¡ns Puella. Girl. 220 Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 221

Magist. D¿c n«men collect¿vum. Give a collective noun. Stud¡ns Populus. People.

Magist. Qu§r¡ “populus” d¿citur n«men Why is “people” called a collect¿vum? collective noun? Stud¡ns Quia “populus” est numer¿ Because “people” is singular in singul§ris at multit»dinem number, but indicating plural. signific§ns.

Magist. Genera n«minum quot sunt? How many genders do nouns have? Stud¡ns Tria. Three.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Genus mascul¿num, ut “hic Masculine gender, for example, magister”; genus f¡min¿num, ut “the teacher”; feminine gender, “haec m§tr«na”; genus neutrum, for example, “the lady”; neuter ut “hoc d«num.” gender, for example, “the gift.”

Magist. Numer¿ n«minum quot sunt? How many numbers are there of nouns? Stud¡ns Duo. Two.

Magist. Qu¿? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Singul§ris, ut “hic magister”; Singular, for example, “the pl»r§lis, ut “h¿ magistr¿.” teacher”; plural, for example, “the teachers.”

Magist. C§s»s n«minum quot sunt? How many cases of nouns are there? Stud¡ns Sex. Six.

Magist. Qu¿? What (are they)? Stud¡ns N«min§t¿vus, ut “hic magister”; Nominative, for example, “the genit¿vus, ut “h»ius magistr¿”; teacher”; genitive, for example, dat¿vus, ut “huic magistr«”; “of the teacher”; dative, for acc»s§t¿vus, ut “hunc example, “to the teacher”; magistrum”; voc§t¿vus, ut “« accusative, for example, “the magister”; abl§t¿vus, ut “ab h«c teacher”; vocative, for example, magistr«.” “oh teacher”; ablative, for example, “from the teacher.” 222 Conversational Latin

Magist. D§ d¡cl¿n§ti«nem n«minis, Give the declension of a noun of generis f¡min¿n¿, numer¿ the feminine gender, singular singul§ris. number. Stud¡ns N«min§t¿v« c§s»: “haec puella”; In the nominative case: “the genit¿v« c§s»: “h»ius puellae”; girl”; in the genitive case: “of dat¿v« c§s»: “huic puellae”; the girl”; in the dative case: acc»s§t¿v« c§s»: “hanc “to the girl”; in the accusative puellam”; voc§t¿v« c§s»: “« case: “the girl”; in the vocative puella”; abl§t¿v« c§s»: “ab h§c case: “oh girl”; in the ablative puell§.” case: “from the girl.”

Magist. Quae part¡s «r§ti«nis e«dem What parts of speech are declined mod« d¡cl¿nantur? in the same way? Stud¡ns N«mina, pr«n«mina, adiect¿va, Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, participia, gerundia. participles, and gerunds.

Magist. D¡cl¿n§ti«n¡s n«minum quot How many declensions of nouns sunt? are there? Stud¡ns Qu¿nque. Five.

Magist. Pr¿ma quae est? What is the first (declension)? Stud¡ns Pr¿ma d¡cl¿n§ti« est n«minis, The first declension is of a noun c»ius genit¿vus singul§ris in whose genitive singular ends in “ae” diphthong« termin§tur. the diphthong “ae.”

Magist. D§ exemplum. Give an example. Stud¡ns haec puella the girl h»ius puellae of the girl

Magist. Secunda d¡cl¿n§ti« quae est? What is the second declension? Stud¡ns Secunda d¡cl¿n§ti« est n«minis, The second declension is of a c»ius genit¿vus singul§ris in “¿” noun whose genitive singular long§ termin§tur. ends in a long “¿.”

Magist. D§ exemplum. Give an example. Stud¡ns hic magister the teacher h»ius magistr¿ of the teacher vel hoc d«num or the gift h»ius d«n¿ of the gift

Magist. Tertia d¡cl¿n§ti« quae est? What is the third declension? Stud¡ns Tertia d¡cl¿n§ti« est n«minis, The third declension is of a noun c»ius genit¿vus singul§ris in whose genitive singular ends in “is” brev¿ termin§tur, ut “hic a short “is,” for example, “the pater”, “h»ius patris.” father,” “of the father.” Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 223

Magist. Qu§rta d¡cl¿n§ti« quae est? What is the fourth declension? Stud¡ns Qu§rta d¡cl¿n§ti« est n«minis, The fourth declension is of a noun c»ius genit¿vus singul§ris in whose genitive singular ends in “»s” long§ termin§tur, ut “hic a long “»s,” for example, “the exercitus,” “h»ius exercit»s.” army,” “of the army.”

Magist. Qu¿nta d¡cl¿n§ti« quae est? What is the fifth declension? Stud¡ns Qu¿nta d¡cl¿n§ti« est n«minis, The fifth declension is of a noun c»ius genit¿vus singul§ris whose genitive singular ends in termin§tur in “¡¿” d¿v¿s¿s, ut “¡¿” as separate letters, for “h¿c di¡s,” “h»ius di¡¿.” example, “the day,” “of the day.”

Magist. D¡scr¿be propriet§t¡s “magister” Parse the noun “teacher.” n«minis. Stud¡ns “Magister” est n«men “Teacher” is a common noun, appell§t¿vum, mascul¿n¿ generis, masculine gender, singular numer¿ singul§ris, c§s» number, in the nominative case. n«min§t¿v«.

D¡ Pr«n«mine The Pronoun Magist. Pr«n«men quid est? What is a pronoun? Stud¡ns Pars «r§ti«nis quae pr« n«mine A part of speech which is used in p«nitur. place of a noun.

Magist. Numer¿ pr«n«minum quot sunt? How many numbers do pronouns have? Stud¡ns Duo. Two.

Magist. Qu¿? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Singul§ris, ut “ille”; plur§lis, ut Singular, for example, “that “ill¿.” one”; plural, for example, “those.”

Magist. Genera pr«n«minum quot sunt? How many genders do pronouns have? Stud¡ns Tria. Three.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Genus mascul¿num, f¡min¿num, Masculine, feminine, and neuter neutrum. gender. 224 Conversational Latin

Magist. Pr«n«mina sunt aut f¿n¿ta aut Pronouns are either definite or ¿nf¿n¿ta. D§ exempla indefinite. Give examples of a pr«n«minis f¿n¿t¿. definite pronoun. Stud¡ns Ego, t», ille. I, you, he.

Magist. D§ exempla pr«n«minis ¿nf¿n¿t¿. Give examples of an indefinite pronoun. Stud¡ns Qu¿, aliquis. Who, someone.

Magist. D§ exempla pr«n«minis Give examples of a demonstrative d¡m«nstr§t¿v¿. pronoun. Stud¡ns Hic, ille. This one, that one.

Magist. D§ exempla pr«n«minis rel§t¿v¿. Give examples of a relative pronoun. Stud¡ns Qu¿, quae, quod. Who, who, which.

Magist. D§ exempla pr«n«minis Give examples of an interrogative interr«g§t¿v¿. pronoun. Stud¡ns Quis, quid. Who, what.

Magist. D§ exempla pr«n«minis Give examples of an intensive intenti«nis. pronoun. Stud¡ns Ipse, ipsa, ipsum. Himself, herself, itself.

Magist. D§ exempla pr«n«minis reciproc¿. Give examples of a reflexive pronoun. Stud¡ns S¡, sibi. Himself (herself, itself), to himself (herself, itself).

Magist. D§ exempla pr«n«minis Give examples of a personal pers«n§lis. pronoun. Stud¡ns Ego, n«s, t». I, we, you.

Magist. Pr«n«men est aut simplex aut A pronoun is either simple or compositum. D§ exemplum compound. Give an example of pr«n«minis simplicis. a simple pronoun. Stud¡ns Quis. Who.

Magist. D§ exemplum pr«n«minis Give an example of a compound composit¿. pronoun. Stud¡ns Quisnam. Just who. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 225

Magist. Ex quibus “quisnam” comp«nitur? Of what is “just who” composed? Stud¡ns Ex “quis” pr«n«mine et ex “nam” Of the pronoun “who” and the particul§. particle “just.”

Magist. Estne fig»ra “quisquis” Is the form of the pronoun pr«n«minis simplex an “whoever” simple or composita? compound? Stud¡ns Est composita. It is compound.

Magist. D¡scr¿be propriet§t¡s “ego” Parse the pronoun “I.” pr«n«minis. Stud¡ns “Ego” est pr«n«men f¿n¿tum, “I” is a definite pronoun, generis mascul¿n¿ et f¡min¿n¿, masculine and feminine, pers«nae pr¿mae, numer¿ first person, singular, singul§ris, c§s» n«min§t¿v«. in the nominative case.

Magist. D¡scr¿be propriet§t¡s “qu«rum” Parse the pronoun “of whom.” pr«n«minis. Stud¡ns “Qu«rum” est pr«n«men “Of whom” or “whose” is a rel§t¿vum aut interr«g§t¿vum, relative or interrogative pers«nae tertiae, numer¿ pronoun, third person, plural, pl»r§lis, generis mascul¿n¿ et masculine and neuter, in the neutr¿us, c§s» genit¿v«. genitive case.

D¡ Verb« The Verb [Note—Roman grammarians recognized five moods; modern Latin grammars recognize three: indicative, subjunctive, and imperative.] Magist. Verbum quid est? What is a verb? Stud¡ns Pars «r§ti«nis cum tempore et A part of speech with tense and pers«n§ sine c§s». person, without case.

Magist. Mod¿ quot sunt? How many moods are there? Stud¡ns Qu¿nque. Five.

Magist. Qu¿? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Indic§t¿vus, ut “leg«”; Indicative, for example, “I read, subi»nct¿vus, ut “cum legam”; am reading”; subjunctive, for imper§t¿vus, ut “lege”; example, “although I read”; ¿nf¿n¿t¿vus, ut “legere”; imperative, for example, impers«n§lis, ut “legitur.” “read!”; infinitive, for example, “to read”; impersonal, for example, “people read.” 226 Conversational Latin

Magist. Numer¿ verb«rum quot sunt? How many numbers do verbs have? Stud¡ns Duo. Two.

Magist. Qu¿? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Singul§ris et pl»r§lis. Singular and plural.

Magist. Pers«nae verb«rum quot sunt? How many persons of verbs are there? Stud¡ns Tr¡s. Three.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Pr¿ma, ut “leg«”; secunda, ut First, for example, “I read, am “legis”; tertia, ut “legit.” reading”; second, for example, “you read, are reading”; third, for example, “he, she reads, is reading.”

Magist. Tempora in d¡cl¿n§ti«ne How many tenses are there in the verb«rum quot sunt? conjugation of verbs? Stud¡ns Sex. Six.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Praes¡ns, ut “leg«”; praeteritum Present, for example, “I read, am imperfectum, ut “leg¡bam”; reading”; imperfect, for fut»rum, ut “legam”; example, “I was reading, used praeteritum perfectum, ut to read”; future, for example, “l¡g¿”; praeteritum “I shall read”; perfect, for pl»squamperfectum, ut example, “I read, have read”; “l¡geram”; fut»rum perfectum, pluperfect, for example, “I had ut “l¡ger«.” read”; future perfect, for example, “I shall have read.”

Magist. Coniug§ti«n¡s verb«rum quot How many conjugations are sunt? there? Stud¡ns Quattuor. Four.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Pr¿ma, secunda, tertia, qu§rta. First, second, third, fourth. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 227

Magist. D¡cl¿n§ verbum §ct¿vum pr¿mae Conjugate an active verb of the coniug§ti«nis, indic§t¿v« mod«, first conjugation, in the tempore praesent¿, numer« indicative mood, present tense, singul§r¿. singular. Stud¡ns am« I love am§s you love amat he or she loves

Magist. D¡cl¿n§ verbum §ct¿vum secundae Conjugate an active verb of the coniug§ti«nis, indic§t¿v« mod«, second conjugation, indicative tempore praeterit« imperfect«, mood, in the imperfect tense, in pl»r§liter. the plural. Stud¡ns doc¡b§mus we were teaching doc¡b§tis you were teaching doc¡bant they were teaching

Magist. D¡cl¿n§ verbum §ct¿vum tertiae Conjugate an active verb of the coniug§ti«nis, indic§t¿v« mod«, third conjugation, indicative tempore fut»r«, numer« mood, future, singular. singul§r¿. Stud¡ns regam I shall rule reg¡s you will rule reget he or she will rule

Magist. D¡cl¿n§ verbum §ct¿vum qu§rtae Conjugate an active verb of the coniug§ti«nis, indic§t¿v« mod«, fourth conjugation, indicative tempore praeterit« mood, pluperfect tense, plural. pl»squamperfect«, pl»r§liter. Stud¡ns aud¿ver§mus we had heard aud¿ver§tis you had heard aud¿verant they had heard

[Note—genus in connection with nouns means “gender”; in connection with verbs it means “voice.”] Magist. Genera verb«rum quot sunt? How many voices of verbs are there? Stud¡ns Quattuor. Four.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns ×ct¿va, pass¿va, neutra vel Active, passive, intransitive, neutr§lia, d¡p«nentia. deponent (verbs). 228 Conversational Latin

Magist. D§ exempla verb¿ neutr§lis. Give (me some) examples of an intransitive verb. Stud¡ns Sede«, st«, cub«. I sit, am sitting; I stand, am standing; I lie down, I am lying down.

Magist. D§ exempla verb¿ d¡p«nentis. Give (me some) examples of a deponent verb. Stud¡ns Loquor, sequor, fruor. I speak, am speaking; I follow, am following; I enjoy, am enjoying.

Magist. D§ d¡cl¿n§ti«nem verb¿ §ct¿v¿ Give the conjugation of the active “leg«” indic§t¿v« mod«, verb “leg«” in the indicative tempore praesent¿, singul§riter. mood, present tense, in the singular. Stud¡ns D¡cl¿n§tur: It is conjugated: leg« I read, am reading legis you read, are reading legit he or she reads, is reading

Magist. D¡cl¿n§ idem verbum §ct¿vum, Conjugate the same verb in the tempore praeterit« imperfect«, imperfect tense, in the plural. pl»r§liter. Stud¡ns D¡cl¿n§tur: It is conjugated: leg¡b§mus we were reading leg¡b§tis you were reading leg¡bant they were reading

Magist. D§ d¡cl¿n§ti«nem eiusdem verb¿ Give the conjugation of the same §ct¿v¿, tempore praesent¿, mod« active verb in the present tense, subi»nct¿v«, singul§riter. subjunctive, singular. Stud¡ns D¡cl¿n§tur: It is conjugated: legam I may read leg§s you may read legat he or she may read

Magist. D¡cl¿n§ idem verbum §ct¿vum Conjugate the same active verb in tempore praeterit« the pluperfect subjunctive pl»squamperfect«, mod« plural. subi»nct¿v«, pl»r§liter. Stud¡ns D¡cl¿n§tur: It is conjugated: l¡giss¡mus we would have read l¡giss¡tis you would have read l¡gissent they would have read Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 229

Magist. D¿c imper§t¿vum modum eiusdem Give the present imperative of the verb¿, tempore praesent¿, same verb in the singular and singul§riter et pl»r§liter. the plural. Stud¡ns “Lege!,” “legite!” Read! (singular), read! (plural)

Magist. D¿c imper§t¿vum eiusdem verb¿, Give the future imperative of the tempore fut»r«, secund§ et same verb in the second and terti§ pers«n§, singul§riter et third person singular and pl»r§liter. plural. Stud¡ns Pers«n§ secund§: “legit«!,” Second person: you will read! “legit«te!”; pers«n§ terti§: (singular); you will read! “legit«!,” “legunt«!” (plural); third person: let him or her read!; let them read!

Magist. D¿c participium h»ius verb¿, Give the present participle of this praesent¿ tempore. verb. Stud¡ns Leg¡ns. Reading.

Magist. D¿c participium h»ius verb¿, Give the future participle of this fut»r« tempore. verb. Stud¡ns L¡ct»rus. About to read.

Magist. D¿c participium h»ius verb¿, Give the perfect participle of this praeterit« perfect« tempore. verb. Stud¡ns L¡ctus. Having been read.

Magist. D¿c ¿nf¿n¿t¿vum §ct¿vum h»ius Give the present active infinitive verb¿, praesent¿ tempore. of this verb. Stud¡ns Legere. To read.

Magist. D¿c ¿nf¿n¿t¿vum pass¿vum h»ius Give the present passive infinitive verb¿, praesent¿ tempore. of this verb. Stud¡ns Leg¿. To be read.

Magist. D¿c ¿nf¿n¿t¿vum §ct¿vum h»ius Give the perfect active infinitive verb¿, praeterit« perfect« of this verb. tempore. Stud¡ns L¡gisse. To have read.

Magist. D¿c ¿nf¿n¿t¿vum pass¿vum h»ius Give the perfect passive infinitive verb¿, praeterit« perfect« of this verb. tempore. Stud¡ns L¡ctus esse. To have been read. 230 Conversational Latin

Magist. D¡scr¿be propriet§t¡s “leg«” Parse the verb “leg«.” verb¿. Stud¡ns “Leg«” est verbum §ct¿vum “Leg«” is an active verb, used in indic§t¿v¿ mod¿, pr¿mae the indicative mood, first pers«nae, numer¿ singul§ris, person, singular, present tense, temporis praesentis, tertiae third conjugation. coniug§ti«nis.

Magist. D§ exempla verb¿ inaequ§lis. Give (me some) examples of an irregular verb. Stud¡ns Fi«, sole«, fer«, gaude«, n«l«. I become, I am wont, I bear, I am glad, I do not want.

Magist. Qu§r¡ inaequ§lia d¿cuntur? Why are they called irregular? Stud¡ns Quia d¡cl¿n§ti«n¡s extr§ r¡gulam Because they are conjugated sunt. outside the (normal) pattern.

Magist. D§ exempla verb¿ d¡fect¿v¿. Give (some) examples of a defective verb. Stud¡ns Pudet, «d¿. It shames, I hate.

Magist. Qu§r¡ d¡fect¿va d¿cuntur? Why are they called defective? Stud¡ns Quia haec verba quibusdam Because these verbs lack certain fig»r¿s egent. forms.

Magist. Quibus fig»r¿s “pudet” eget? What forms does “pudet” (it shames) lack? Stud¡ns Eget pers«n§ pr¿m§ et secund§. It lacks the first and second D¿citur etiam verbum person. It is also called an impers«n§le. impersonal verb.

Magist. Quibus fig»r¿s “«d¿” eget? What forms does “«d¿” (I hate) lack? Stud¡ns Habet neque tempus praes¡ns, It doesn’t have a present, neque praeteritum imperfectum imperfect, or future tense. neque fut»rum.

Magist. D§ part¡s pr¿ncip§l¡s “doce«” Give the principal parts of the verb¿. verb “doce«.” Stud¡ns Doce«, doc¡re, docu¿, doctus. I teach, am teaching; to teach; I taught, have taught; taught, having been taught. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 231 D¡ Adverbi« The Adverb Magist. Adverbium quid est? What is an adverb? Stud¡ns Pars «r§ti«nis quae verb« adicitur The part of speech which modifies et verbum expl§nat atque the verb and explains and implet. completes it.

Magist. Cui dicti«n¿ adverbium adicitur? What word does an adverb modify? Stud¡ns Vel verb« vel adverbi« vel It modifies a verb, an adverb, or adiect¿v« adiicitur. an adjective.

Magist. D§ adverbia loc¿. Give (some) adverbs of place. Stud¡ns H¿c, ibi, intus, for¿s, ill¿c, inde. Here, there, inside, outside, there, from there.

Magist. D§ adverbia temporis. Give (some) adverbs of time. Stud¡ns Hodi¡, n»per, aliquand«, mox. Today, recently, sometime, soon.

Magist. D§ adverbia numer¿. Give (some) adverbs of number. Stud¡ns Semel, bis, ter, deci¡s. Once, twice, three times, ten times.

Magist. D§ adverbium affirmand¿. Give an adverb of affirmation. Stud¡ns Etiam. Yes.

Magist. D§ adverbium negand¿. Give an adverb of negation. Stud¡ns N«n. No.

Magist. D§ adverbia interr«gand¿. Give (some) interrogative adverbs. Stud¡ns C»r, qu§r¡, quamobrem. Why, why, why.

Magist. D§ adverbia «rdinis. Give (some) adverbs of a series. Stud¡ns Pr¿mum, deinde, postr¡m«. First, then, finally.

Magist. D§ adverbia quantit§tis. Give (some) adverbs of quantity. Stud¡ns Multum, parum. Much, little.

Magist. D§ adverbia qualit§tis. Give (some) adverbs of quality. Stud¡ns Pulchr¡, bene, male. Beautifully, well, badly. 232 Conversational Latin

Magist. Quot grad»s compar§ti«nis sunt How many degrees of comparison adverbi¿s? do adverbs have? Stud¡ns Tr¡s. Three.

Magist. Qu¿? What (are they)? Stud¡ns Posit¿vus, ut “saepe”; The positive, for example, compar§t¿vus, ut “saepius”; “often”; the comparative, for superl§t¿vus, ut “saepissim¡.” example, “more often”; the superlative, for example, “very often.”

Magist. Suntne adverbia decl¿n§bilia an Are adverbs declinable or ind¡cl¿n§bilia? indeclinable? Stud¡ns Sunt ind¡cl¿n§bilia. They are indeclinable.

D¡ Adject¿v« The Adjective Magist. Adiect¿vum quid est? What is an adjective? Stud¡ns Pars «r§ti«nis est quae n«min¿ It is a part of speech that modifies adicitur. a noun.

Magist. Quot grad»s compar§ti«nis sunt How many degrees of comparison adiect¿v¿s? do adjectives have? Stud¡ns Tr¡s grad»s compar§ti«nis. Three degrees of comparison.

Magist. Qu¿? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Posit¿vus, ut “doctus”; The positive, for example, compar§t¿vus, ut “doctior”; “learned”; the comparative, for superl§t¿vus, ut “doctissimus” example, “more learned”; the superlative, for example, “most learned.”

Magist. Quot termin§ti«n¡s sunt How many endings do adjectives adiect¿v¿s, grad»s posit¿v¿? have in the positive degree? Stud¡ns Tr¡s. Three.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Mascul¿na, ut “doctus”; f¡min¿na, Masculine, for example, ut “docta”; neutra, ut “doctum.” “learned”; feminine, for example, “learned”; neuter, for example, “learned.” Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 233

Magist. Quot termin§ti«n¡s sunt How many endings do adjectives adiect¿v¿s, grad»s compar§t¿v¿? have in the comparative degree? Stud¡ns Duae. Two.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Mascul¿na et f¡min¿na, ut Masculine and feminine, for “doctior”; neutra, ut “doctius.” example, “more learned”; neuter, for example, “more learned.”

Magist. Quot termin§ti«n¡s sunt How many endings do adjectives adiect¿v¿s, grad»s superl§t¿v¿? in the superlative degree have? Stud¡ns Tr¡s, s¿cut in grad» posit¿v«. Three, just as in the positive degree.

Magist. D¿c adiect¿vum possess¿vum. Give a possessive adjective. Stud¡ns Meus. My.

Magist. D¿c adiect¿vum qu§lit§tis. Give an adjective of quality. Stud¡ns Bonus. Good.

Magist. D¿c adiect¿va quantit§tis. Give (some) adjectives of quantity. Stud¡ns Magnus, parvus. Big, small.

Magist. D¿c adiect¿va numer¿. Give (some) adjectives of number. Stud¡ns Ûnus, duo, tr¡s. One, two, three.

Magist. D¿c adiect¿va numer¿ «rdin§lis. Give (some) adjectives of ordinal numbers. Stud¡ns Pr¿mus, secundus, tertius. First, second, third.

D¡ Participi« The Participle Magist. Participium quid est? What is a participle? Stud¡ns Pars «r§ti«nis partem adiect¿v¿ A part of speech assuming the capi¡ns, partem verb¿. role of an adjective and the role of a verb. 234 Conversational Latin

Magist. Tempora participi«rum quot sunt? How many tenses do participles have? Stud¡ns Praes¡ns, ut “leg¡ns”; praeteritum, The present, for example, ut “l¡ctus”; fut»rum, ut “reading”; the perfect, for “l¡ct»rus.” example, “read, having been read”; the future, for example, “about to read.”

Magist. Quot participia ab §ct¿v« verb« How many participles come from veniunt? the active verb? Stud¡ns Duo. Two.

Magist. Quae? Which (are they)? Stud¡ns Praes¡ns, ut “leg¡ns” et fut»rum The present, for example, ut “l¡ct»rus.” “reading”, and the future, for example, “about to read.”

Magist. Quot participia § pass¿v« verb« How many participles come from veniunt? the passive verb? Stud¡ns Ûnum. One.

Magist. Quod? Which one? Stud¡ns Praeteritum perfectum, ut The perfect, for example, “read, “l¡ctus.” having been read.”

D¡ Gerundi« The Gerund Magist. Gerundium quid est? What is a gerund? Stud¡ns Est n«men verb§le. It is a verbal noun.

Magist. Qu§r¡ s¿c voc§tur? Why is it called that? Stud¡ns Quia partem n«minis capit, Because it assumes the role of a partem verb¿. noun and the role of a verb.

Magist. D§ exemplum gerundi¿. Give an example of a gerund. Stud¡ns Legend¿ libr«s caus§. For the sake of reading books.

Magist. Qu«modo capit partem n«minis? How does it assume the role of a noun? Stud¡ns E« quod habet c§s»s obl¿qu«s, In that it has oblique cases, just perinde ut n«mina. as nouns do. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 235

Magist. Qu«modo capit partem verb¿? How does it assume the role of a verb? Stud¡ns E« quod adiungitur c§su¿ In that it takes the accusative acc»s§t¿v«, perinde ut verba. case, just as verbs do.

D¡ Gerund¿v« The Gerundive Magist. Gerund¿vum quid est? What is a gerundive? Stud¡ns Est adiect¿vum verb§le. It is a verbal adjective.

Magist. Qu§r¡ s¿c voc§tur? Why is it called that? Stud¡ns Quia partem adiect¿v¿ capit, Because it assumes the role of an partem verb¿. adjective and the role of a verb.

Magist. D§ exemplum gerund¿v¿. Give an example of a gerundive. Stud¡ns Legend«rum libr«rum caus§. For the sake of reading books.

Magist. Qu«modo partem adiect¿v¿ capit? How does it assume the role of an adjective? Stud¡ns E« quod “libr«s” n«min¿ adicitur. In that it modifies the noun “books.”

D¡ Coni»ncti«ne The Conjunction Magist. Coni»ncti« quid est? What is a conjunction? Stud¡ns Pars «r§ti«nis connect¡ns A part of speech connecting and «rdin§nsque sententiam. arranging a sentence.

Magist. D§ coni»ncti«n¡s copul§t¿v§s. Give (some) coordinate conjunctions. Stud¡ns Et, atque, ac. And, and, and.

Magist. D§ coni»ncti«n¡s disi»nct¿v§s. Give (some) disjunctive conjunctions. Stud¡ns Aut, |ve, vel. Or, or, or.

Magist. D§ coni»ncti«n¡s advers§t¿v§s. Give (some) adversative conjunctions. Stud¡ns Sed, at. But, but. 236 Conversational Latin

Magist. D§ coni»ncti«n¡s concess¿v§s. Give (some) concessive conjunctions. Stud¡ns Quamquam, quamv¿s. Although, although.

Magist. D§ coni»ncti«n¡s tempor§l¡s. Give (some) temporal conjunctions. Stud¡ns Cum, antequam, postquam. When, before, after.

Magist. D§ coni»ncti«n¡s condici«n§l¡s. Give (some) conditional conjunctions. Stud¡ns S¿, nisi. If, unless.

D¡ Praepositi«ne The Preposition Magist. Praepositi« quid est? What is a preposition? Stud¡ns Pars «r§ti«nis quae, ali¿s partibus A part of speech which, placed «r§ti«nis praeposita, before other parts of speech, signific§ti«nem e§rum implet completes or changes their aut m»tat. meaning.

Magist. Quibus c§sibus praepositi«n¡s What cases do prepositions take? serviunt? Stud¡ns Acc»s§t¿v« et abl§t¿v«. The accusative and the ablative.

Magist. D§ praepositi«n¡s c§s»s Give (some) prepositions taking acc»s§t¿v¿. the accusative. Stud¡ns Ad, apud, ante, adversum, erg§. To, at, before, against, toward.

Magist. D§ praepositi«n¡s c§s»s abl§t¿v¿. Give (some) prepositions taking the ablative case. Stud¡ns Ab, cum, c«ram, clam, d¡, ex, From, with, in the presence of, pr«. without the knowledge of, concerning, out of, for.

Give (some) prepositions taking Magist. D§ praepositi«n¡s utr¿usque c§s»s. both cases. Stud¡ns In, sub, super, subter. In(to), under, above, below.

Magist. “In” et “sub” quand« abl§t¿v« When do “in” and “under” take serviunt? the ablative case? Stud¡ns Quand« signific§mus qu«slibet When we mean that someone or aut quaelibet in loc« esse. something is in a place. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 237

Magist. “In” et “sub” quand« acc»s§t¿v« When do “in” and “under” take serviunt? the accusative? Stud¡ns Quand« signific§mus qu«slibet When we mean that someone or aut quaelibet in locum ¿re. something is going into a place.

Magist. “Super” quam vim habet? What is the sense of “super”? Stud¡ns Ubi locum significat, magis When it indicates place, it takes acc»s§t¿v« c§su¿ servit quam the accusative rather than the abl§t¿v« loc¿; ubi menti«nem ablative of place; when we alic»ius facimus, abl§t¿v« c§su¿ make mention of someone or dumtaxat servit, ut “Multa something, it takes only the super Priam« rogit§ns.” ablative, for example: “Asking many questions about Priam.” D¡ Interiecti«ne The Interjection

Magist. Interiecti« quid est? What is an interjection? Stud¡ns Pars «r§ti«nis signific§ns mentis A part of speech indicating an affectum v«ce incondit§. emotion with inarticulate sound.

Magist. Interiecti« quid signific§re potest? What can an interjection Stud¡ns Vel laetitiam, ut “evax”; vel indicate? dol«rem, ut “heu”; vel Either joy, for example, adm¿r§ti«nem, ut “papae”; vel “hurrah!”; or grief, for metum, ut “attat.” example, “oh no!”; or astonishment, for example, “wow!”; or fear, for example, “oh!”

D¡ Accent» The Accent Magist. In qu§ syllab§ accentum p«nimus? On which syllable do we place the accent? Stud¡ns Aut in antepaenultim§ aut in On the antepenult or the penult. paenultim§.

Magist. Quand« accentum in paenultim§ When do we place the accent on syllab§ p«nimus? the penult? Stud¡ns Quand« paenultima syllaba est When the penult is long, for longa, ut “am§mus.” example, “am§mus” (we love). 238 Conversational Latin

Magist. In qu§ syllab§ accentum p«nimus On which syllable do we place the s¿ paenultima syllaba est brevis? accent if the penult is short?

Stud¡ns In antepaenultim§ syllab§. On the antepenult.

Magist. Quand« accentus p«nitur in ultim§ When is the accent placed on the syllab§? last syllable? Stud¡ns Numquam aut utique r§rissim«. Never or, in any event, very rarely.

D¡ Propriet§tibus The Parsing of Words Dicti«num D¡scr¿bend¿s [Note—The genitive of quality, or better, of description, is generally used in parsing words, for example; “C»ius generis est ‘puella’? (Of) what gender is “girl”? “F¡min¿n¿ generis” (of the) feminine gender. But when indicating the case of a noun or adjective, the ablative is generally used, e.g., “homine” qu« c§s» est? (In) what case is “the man”? “Abl§t¿v«.” (In) the ablative case. The Romans also reverse our order of apposition, for example, “s¿ ultima syllaba in ‘a’ litter§ termin§tur . . . .” (if the last syllable ends in the letter “a”).] Magist. D¡scr¿b§mus nunc propriet§t¡s Let’s now parse the words of this dicti«num in h§c sententi§: Ego sentence: I sing of war and a arma virumque can«, qu¿ hero who once upon a time «lim § Tr«iae «r¿s longinqu¿s came from the distant shores v¡nit. “Ego” quae pars «r§ti«nis of Troy. What part of speech is est? “I”? Stud¡ns Pr«n«men. A pronoun.

Magist. C»ius est numer¿? What number is it? Stud¡ns Numer¿ singul§ris. Singular.

Magist. C»ius est generis in h«c loc«? What gender is it in this passage? Stud¡ns Mascul¿n¿. Masculine.

Magist. C»ius est pers«nae? What person is it? Stud¡ns Pr¿mae pers«nae. First person.

Magist. Qu« est c§s»? In what case? Stud¡ns C§s» n«min§t¿v«. In the nominative case.

Magist. Estne pr«n«men f¿n¿tum an Is it a definite or indefinite ¿nf¿n¿tum? pronoun? Stud¡ns Pr«n«men f¿n¿tum. A definite pronoun. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 239

Magist. “Arma” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “arms”? Stud¡ns N«men. A noun.

Magist. Qu§le? N«men proprium an What kind? Proper or common? appell§t¿vum? Stud¡ns N«men appell§t¿vum. A common noun.

Magist. C»ius est generis? What gender is it? Stud¡ns Neutr¿us. Neuter.

Magist. C»ius est numer¿? What number is it? Stud¡ns Pl»r§lis. Plural.

Magist. Qu« c§s» est in h«c l«c«? What case is it in this passage? Stud¡ns Acc»s§t¿v«. Accusative.

Magist. Unde hoc certum est? How is that certain? Stud¡ns × syntaxe; “can«” enim verbum From the syntax; for the verb acc»s§t¿v« adiungitur. “can«” takes the accusative case.

Magist. Quotae d¡cl¿n§ti«nis est “arma”? What declension is “arms”? Stud¡ns Secundae. Second.

Magist. P«niturne “arma” propri¡ an Is “arms” used literally or fig»r§t¡? figuratively? Stud¡ns Fig»r§t¡. Figuratively.

Magist. Qu§r¡? Why? Stud¡ns Quia pr« “bell«” p«nitur. Because it is used for “war.”

Magist. “Virum” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “hero”? Stud¡ns N«men. A noun.

Magist. C»ius est generis? What gender is it? Stud¡ns Mascul¿n¿. Masculine.

Magist. C»ius est numer¿? What number is it? Stud¡ns Singul§ris. Singular.

Magist. Qu« c§s» est? What case is it? Stud¡ns Acc»s§t¿v«. Accusative. 240 Conversational Latin

Magist. D¿c c§sum n«min§t¿vum. Give the nominative case. Stud¡ns Vir. Vir (hero).

Magist. Quotae d¡cl¿n§ti«nis est “virum”? What declension is “the hero”? Stud¡ns Secundae. Second.

Magist. C»ius est numer¿? What number is it? Stud¡ns Singul§ris. Singular.

Magist. Qu§le? Proprium an What kind? Proper or common appell§t¿vum? (noun)? Stud¡ns N«men appell§t¿vum. Common (noun).

Magist. “Que” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “and”? Stud¡ns C«ni»ncti«. A conjunction.

Magist. C»ius est potest§tis? Copul§t¿vae (Of) what function is it? an disi»nct¿vae? Coordinate or disjunctive? Stud¡ns Copul§t¿vae. Coordinate.

Magist. C»ius «rdinis? Praeposit¿v¿ an What is its word order? postposit¿v¿? Prepositive or postpositive? Stud¡ns Postposit¿v¿; itaque d¿citur It is postpositive; and so it is encliticum. called an enclitic.

Magist. Fac compositum ab e« quod est Form a compound from “que.” “que.” Stud¡ns Itaque, neque, quoque. And so, neither, too.

Magist. “Can«” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “sing”? Stud¡ns Verbum. A verb.

Magist. C»ius mod¿ est? In what mood is it? Stud¡ns Indic§t¿v¿. The indicative.

Magist. C»ius pers«nae est? What person is it? Stud¡ns Pr¿mae. First (person).

Magist. D¿c tertiam pers«nam. Give the third person. Stud¡ns Canit. He or she sings, is singing. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 241

Magist. C»ius numer¿ est? What number is it? Stud¡ns Singul§ris. Singular.

Magist. D¿c pl»r§lem pr¿mae pers«nae. Give the first person plural. Stud¡ns Canimus. We sing.

Magist. C»ius generis est? ×ct¿v¿ an What voice is it? Active or pass¿v¿? passive? Stud¡ns ×ct¿v¿. Active.

Magist. D¿c pass¿vum. Give the passive. Stud¡ns Canor. I am sung of.

Magist. C»ius temporis est? What tense is it? Stud¡ns Praesentis. The present.

Magist. D¿c praeteritum imperfectum. Give the imperfect. Stud¡ns Can¡bam. I was singing, used to sing.

Magist. D¿c praeteritum perfectum. Give the perfect. Stud¡ns Cecin¿. I sang, have sung.

Magist. D¿c participium praes¡ns. Give the present participle. Stud¡ns Can¡ns. Singing.

Magist. D¿c participium fut»rum. Give the future participle. Stud¡ns Cant»rus. About to sing, going to sing.

Magist. D¿c ¿nf¿n¿t¿vum §ct¿vum. Give the active infinitive. Stud¡ns Canere. To sing.

Magist. D¿c gerundium. Give the gerund. Stud¡ns Canend¿. Of singing.

Magist. D¿c gerundium c§s» n«min§t¿v«. Give the gerund in the nominative case. Stud¡ns Gerundium eget c§s» n«min§t¿v«. The gerund lacks a nominative case.

Magist. “Qu¿” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “who”? Stud¡ns Pr«n«men. A pronoun. 242 Conversational Latin

Magist. Qu§le pr«n«men? What kind of pronoun? Stud¡ns Rel§t¿vum pr«n«men. A relative pronoun.

Magist. Quid est eius n«men antec¡d¡ns? What is its antecedent? Stud¡ns Virum. A hero.

Magist. “Qu¿” c»ius est generis? What gender is “who”? Stud¡ns Mascul¿n¿. Masculine.

Magist. C»ius numer¿ est? What number is it? Stud¡ns Singul§ris. Singular.

Magist. Qu§r¡ numerus singul§ris p«nitur? Why is the singular number used? Stud¡ns Quia n«men antec¡d¡ns est Because the antecedent is numer¿ singul§ris. singular.

Magist. Qu« c§s» est “qu¿”? In what case is “who”? Stud¡ns C§s» n«min§t¿v«. In the nominative case.

Magist. C»ius potentiae est? What is its function? Stud¡ns Est subiectum “v¡nit” verb¿. It is the subject of the verb “came”.

Magist. “ølim” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “once upon a time”? Stud¡ns Adverbium. An adverb.

Magist. Cui dicti«n¿ “«lim” adicitur? Which word does “once upon a time” modify? Stud¡ns “V¡nit” verb«. The verb “came”.

Magist. Estne adverbium loc¿ an temporis Is it an adverb of place or time or an qualit§tis an quantit§tis? quality or quantity? Stud¡ns Temporis. Of time.

Magist. “×” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “from”? Stud¡ns Praepositi«. A preposition.

Magist. Cui c§su¿ servit? What case does it take [lit: serve]? Stud¡ns C§su¿ abl§t¿v«. The ablative case. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 243

Magist. Cui n«min¿ adiungitur? What noun is its object? Stud¡ns “ør¿s” n«min¿. The noun “shores”.

Magist. “Tr«iae” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “Troy’s”? Stud¡ns N«men. A noun.

Magist. Qu§le? Proprium an What kind? Proper or common? appell§t¿vum? Stud¡ns Proprium. Proper.

Magist. C»ius est generis? What gender is it? Stud¡ns F¡min¿n¿. Feminine.

Magist. C»ius est numer¿? What number is it? Stud¡ns Singul§ris. Singular.

Magist. Qu« est c§s»? In what case is it? Stud¡ns Genit¿v«. The genitive.

Magist. “ør¿s” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “shores”? Stud¡ns N«men. A noun.

Magist. Qu§le? Proprium an What kind? Proper or common? appell§t¿vum? Stud¡ns Appell§t¿vum. Common.

Magist. C»ius generis est? What gender is it? Stud¡ns F¡min¿n¿. Feminine.

Magist. Qu« c§s» est? What case is it? Stud¡ns Abl§t¿v« pl»r§l¿. Ablative plural.

Magist. D¿c c§sum n«min§t¿vum Give the nominative singular. singul§rem. Stud¡ns øra. “Shore.”

Magist. “Longinqu¿s” quae pars or§ti«nis What part of speech is “distant”? est? Stud¡ns Adiect¿vum. Adjective.

Magist. Qu« est c§s»? In what case is it? Stud¡ns Abl§t¿v«. The ablative. 244 Conversational Latin

Magist. C»ius est generis? What gender is it? Stud¡ns F¡min¿n¿. Feminine.

Magist. C»ius est numer¿? What number is it? Stud¡ns Pl»r§lis. The plural.

Magist. Cui dicti«n¿ adicitur? What noun does it modify? Stud¡ns “ør¿s.” “Shores.”

Magist. C»ius grad»s compar§ti«nis est? What degree of comparison is it? Stud¡ns Posit¿v¿. The positive.

Magist. D§ gradum superl§t¿vum. Give the superlative degree. Stud¡ns “Longinquissim·us |a |um.” “Most distant.”

Magist. “V¡nit” quae pars «r§ti«nis est? What part of speech is “came”? Stud¡ns Verbum. A verb.

Magist. C»ius est temporis? What tense is it? Stud¡ns Temporis praeterit¿ perfect¿. The perfect.

Magist. C»ius pers«nae est? What person is it? Stud¡ns Tertiae. Third (person).

Magist. D¿c pers«nam pr¿mam. Give the first person. Stud¡ns V¡n¿. “I came, have come”.

Magist. C»ius numer¿ est? What number is it? Stud¡ns Singul§ris. The singular.

Magist. C»ius mod¿ est? What mood is it? Stud¡ns Indic§t¿v¿. Indicative.

Magist. C»ius generis est? What voice is it? Stud¡ns Neutr§lis. Intransitive.

Magist. C»ius coniug§ti«nis est? What conjugation is it? Stud¡ns Qu§rtae. The fourth. Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 245

Magist. D¿c part¡s pr¿ncip§l¡s “can«” Give the principal parts of the verb¿. verb “sing”. Stud¡ns Can«, canere, cecin¿, cantus. I sing, am singing; to sing; I sang, have sung; sung, having been sung.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY______abbreviate tr brevi§re clause s membr·um |¿ n; main clause abbreviation s not·a |ae f compendi§ria «r§ti·« |«nis f [Note—«r§ti« can be a complete sentence or a main ablative adj abl§t¿v·us |a |um; ablative clause] case c§s·us |»s m abl§t¿vus, collective adj collect¿·vus |a |um abl§t¿v·us |¿ m; in the ablative case c§s» abl§t¿v« combination s compreh¡nsi·« |«nis f; a syllable is a combination of letters abstract noun s appell§ti·« |«nis f (ut syllaba est compreh¡nsi« litter§rum “bonit§s” goodness) combine tr comp«n·« |ere composu¿ accent s accent·us |»s m; to place the compositus; prepositions can be accent on a syllable accentum in combined with verbs praepositi«n¡s syllab§ p«nere cum verb¿s comp«n¿ possunt active adj §ct¿v·us |a |um; active verb come intr (from) ven·i« |¿re v¡n¿ verbum agend¿ or ag¡ns or §ct¿vum; ventum (ab + abl), d¡r¿v§r¿ (ab + active voice gen·us |eris n §ct¿vum abl) adjectival adj adiect¿v§l·is |is |e comma s comm·a |atis n adjective s adiect¿v·um |¿ n common noun s n«m·en |inis n adverb s adverbi·um |¿ n appell§t¿vum adverbial adj adverbi§l·is |is |e comparative adj compar§t¿v·us |a |um; comparative degree grad·us |»s m alphabet s alphab¡t·um |¿ n, pr¿mae compar§t¿vus; in the comparative litter·ae |§rum fpl compar§t¿v¡, in compar§ti«ne antecedent s n«m·en |inis n antec¡d¡ns comparison s compar§ti·« |«nis f antepenult s antepaenultima syllab·a compound adj composit·us |a |um (ut |ae f “indoctus” uneducated) (opp: article s articul·us |¿ m (hic haec hoc, simplex, ut “doctus”) normally demonstrative, serve as concrete noun s voc§bul·um |¿ n (opp: articles only in declensions) appell§ti«) as adv s¿cut, ut; as for instance ut put§ conjugate tr d¡cl¿n§re capital letter s litter·a |ae f grandis conjugation s d¡cl¿n§ti·« |«nis f (more (opp: littera min»ta) commonly used); coniug§ti·« |«nis f case s c§s·us |»s m; a noun in the conjunction s coni»ncti·« |«nis f genitive case n«men genit¿v« c§s»; consist of c«nst·« |§re c«nstit¿ ex (+ or more rarely n«men c§s»s genit¿v¿ abl) 246 Conversational Latin consonant s c«nson·§ns |antis f end intr (in) termin·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (in construction s c«nstr»cti·« |«nis f + acc or abl) coordinate conjunction s coni»ncti·« ending adj (in) termin§t·us |a |um (in + |«nis f c«pul§t¿va acc) ending s termin§ti·« |«nis f correlative adj rel§t¿vus |a |um (ut “t§lis... qu§lis” such... as) error s viti·um |¿ n, mend·um |¿ n correct adj r¡ct·us |a |um, ¡mend§t·us explain tr expl§n§re, explic§re |a |um express tr exprim« exprimere express¿ correct tr ¡mend§re expressus correction s ¡mend§ti·« |«nis f feminine adj f¡min¿nus |a |um correctly adv r¡ct¡, ¡mend§t¡ (opp: figurative adj tr§nsl§t¿v·us |a |um viti«s¡) figuratively adv fig»r§t¡, tr§nsl§t¿v¡ dative adj dat¿v·us |a |um final adj f¿n§l·is |is |e dative s dat¿v·us |¿ m, c§s·us |»s m form tr fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus; form the dat¿vus imperative of the verb “ven¿re” fac declension s d¡cl¿n§ti·« |«nis f imper§t¿vum “ven¿re” verb¿ decline tr d¡cl¿n§re form s fig»r·a |ae f; the form is either simple, like “doctus,” or defective adj d¡fect¿v·us |a |um compound, like “indoctus” fig»ra define tr d¡f¿n·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus est aut simplex, ut “doctus,” aut composita, ut “indoctus” definite adj f¿n¿t·us |a |um (opp: ¿nf¿n¿tus) function s potenti·a |ae f degree s grad·us |»s m; positive degree future s temp·us |oris n fut»rum gradus posit¿vus; comparative gender s gen·us |eris n degree gradus compar§t¿vus; genitive s genit¿v·us |¿ m, c§s·us |»s m superlative degree gradus genit¿vus superl§t¿vus gerund s gerundi·um |¿ n demonstrative adj d¡m«nstr§t¿v·us |a |um gerundive s gerund¿v·um |¿ n deponent s d¡p«n·¡ns |entis n, verb·um give tr d« dare ded¿ datus; d¿c·« |ere |¿ n d¡p«n¡ns d¿x¿ dictus; give the plural form of gaudium d§ (or d¿c) fig»ram derive tr (from) d¡riv§re (ab + abl) pl»r§lem “gaudium” n«minis diminutive s d¡minut¿vum n«m·en |inis grammar s grammatic·a |ae f, ar·s |tis f n, d¡min»t¿v·um |¿ n grammatica diphthong s diphthong·us |¿ f imperative adj imper§t¿v·us |a |um; double adj gemin§t·us |a |um: double imperative mood mod·us |¿ m “i” as in “arm§ri¿” “i” littera imper§t¿vus gemin§ta, ut arm§ri¿ imperfect tense s temp·us |‹ris n enclitic s enclitic·um |¿ n (ut “-que,” praeteritum imperfectum “|ve” and, or) impersonal adj impers«n§l·is |is |e Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 247 incorrect adj viti«s·us |a |um mark s not·a |ae f (ut “nota longa,” incorrectly adv viti«s¡ “nota brevis” long mark, short mark) indeclinable adj ind¡cl¿n§bil·is |is |e masculine adj mascul¿n·us |a |um indefinite adj ¿nf¿n¿t·us |a |um (opp: f¿n¿tus) mean tr signific§re indicate tr signific§re meaning s signific§ti·« |«nis f indicative adj indic§t¿v·us |a |um ; in meter s metr·um |¿ n the indicative mood mod« mistake s viti·um |¿ n; to make a indic§t¿v« mistake vitium facere infinitive adj ¿nf¿n¿t¿v·us |a |um; modify tr adicior adic¿ adiectus sum (+ infinitive mood mod·us |¿ m dat); which noun does “bonus” ¿nf¿n¿t¿vus modify? cui n«min¿ “bonus” infinitive s ¿nf¿n¿t¿v·um |¿ n adicitur? inflect tr d¡cl¿n§re modifying adj adiect·us |a |um (+ dat) inflection s d¡cl¿n§ti·« |«nis f monosyllable s monosyllab·a |ae f intensive pronoun s pr«n«m·en |inis n mood s mod·us |¿ m; imperative mood, intenti«nis (ut “ipse” himself) e.g., “read!” modus imper§t¿vus, ut “lege!”; indicative mood, e.g., “I interjection s interiecti·« |«nis f (ut read” modus indic§t¿vus, ut “leg«”; “heus t»!” hey you!) subjunctive mood, e.g., “although I intransitive adj intr§nsit¿v·us |a |um (ut read” modus subi»nct¿vus, ut “cum “sede«,” “surg«” I sit, I get up) legam” irregular adj inaequ§l·is |is |e; an neuter adj neu·ter |tra |trum, neutr§l·is irregular verb inaequ§le verbum (ut |is |e; in the — neutr§liter “vol«,” “n«l«,” “f¿«” I want, I do nominative adj n«min§t¿v·us |a |um not want, I become) noun s n«m·en |inis n; (of an inanimate irregularly adv inaequ§liter; “duo” is object) voc§bul·um |¿ n irregularly declined “duo” number s numer·us |¿ m inaequ§liter d¡cl¿n§tur numeral s n«m·en |inis n numer§le (ut last adj ultim·us |a |um “»nus,” “duo,” “ tr¡s” one, two lengthen tr pr«d»c·« |ere pr«d»x¿ three) pr«ductus (opp: corripere) object s expressed by the verb adiung¿, letter s litter·a |ae f; letters form for example, “the man” is the syllables litterae faciunt syllab§s object of the verb “hic hom«” verb« literal adj propri·us |a |um (opp: adiungitur tr§nsl§t¿vus) [Note—Roman grammarians never used the word “obiectum” in literally adv propri¡, ad verbum (opp: connection with a verb or fig»r§t¡) preposition. Whereas we would say, long adj long·us |a |um, pr«duct·us |a for example, “man is the object of |um (opp: brevis, correptus); a vowel the verb” the Romans would say is long by nature or by position “man is joined to the verb.” See also voc§lis est longa n§t»r§ aut positi«ne the definition of “modify” above.] 248 Conversational Latin ordinal adj «rdin§l·is |is |e (ut principal parts part·¡s |ium fpl “pr¿mus”, “secundus” first, second) pr¿ncip§l¡s parse tr propriet§t¡s (+ gen) d¡scr¿bere pronoun s pr«n«m·en |inis n part of speech s par·s |tis f «r§ti«nis pronounce tr pr«n»nti§re; to participle s participi·um |¿ n; past or pronounce a vowel short or long perfect participle praeterit¿ temporis voc§lem corrept¡ aut pr«duct¡ participium; present participle pr«n»nti§re praesentis temporis participium proper noun s proprium n«m·en |inis n particle s particul·a |ae f (namely, the (ut “Hector” Hector) (opp: four parts of speech that are appell§t¿vum n«men (ut “hom«” indeclinable: adverb, preposition, man) conjunction, interjection) punctuation s interp»ncti·« |«nis f passive adj pass¿v·us |a |um punctuation mark s interp»nct·um |¿ n, past s praeterit·um temp·us |‹ris n p»nct·um |¿ n pattern s r¡gul·a |ae f relative adj rel§t¿v·us |a |um penult s paenultima syllab·a |ae f repeat tr repet·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus perfect tense s temp·us |‹ris n rule s r¡gul·a |ae f; to follow (observe) praeteritum perfectum the rule r¡gulam serv§re period s p»nct·um |¿ n sentence s sententi·a |ae f, «r§ti·« |«nis person s pers«n·a |ae f f personal adj pers«n§l·is |is |e short adj brev·is |is |e, corrept·us |a |um phrase s loc»ti·« |«nis f (also used of a single word) singular adj singul§r·is |is |e (opp: pl»r§l·is |is |e); in the singular pluperfect tense s temp·us |‹ris n singul§riter pl»squamperfectum sound s son·us |¿ m plural adj pl»r§l·is |is |e; in the plural pl»r§liter speak tr & intr loquor loqu¿ loc»tus sum; to speak Latin, to speak plural s multit»d·« |inis f; signifying a correct Latin Lat¿n¡ loqu¿ plural multit»dinem signific§ns spell tr scr¿b·« |ere scr¿ps¿ scr¿ptus; to positive s grad·us |»s m posit¿vus spell correctly r¡ct¡ scr¿bere; to possessive adj possess¿v·us |a |um spell with scr¿bere per (+ acc); some prefix s praepositi·« |«nis f per spell “cum” with a “q” if it compositi«nem signifies time qu¿dam scr¿bunt “cum” per “q” litteram, s¿ tempus preposition s praepositi·« |«nis f (per significat appositi«nem); prepositions take (lit: serve) either the accusative or spelling s orthographi·a |ae f, scr¿pt»r·a the ablative case praepositi«n¡s aut |ae f acc»s§t¿v« aut abl§t¿v« c§su¿ serviunt subject n (gram) subiect·um |¿ n; (topic present adj praes·¡ns |entis; present studied) gen·us |eris n studi«rum, tense praes¡ns temp·us |‹ris n doctr¿n·a |ae f Chapter XXV: Teaching Grammar in Latin 249 subjunctive adj subi»nct¿v·us |a |um; should say, “Sum philosophus.” subjunctive mood subi»nct¿vus subaud¿tur “ego” s¿ d¿cam “sum mod·us |¿ m philosophus.” subjunctive s subi»nct¿v·us |¿ m use tr p«n« p«nere posu¿ positus; Use subordinate conjunction s subi»nct¿va “leg«” in a sentence. P«ne “leg«” in coni»ncti·« |«nis f sententi§. superlative adj superl§t¿v·us |a |um utter tr pr«fer« pr«ferre pr«tul¿ pr«l§tus superlative s grad·us |»s m verb s verb·um |¿ n superl§t¿vus; in the superlative verbal adj verb§l·is |is |e superl§t¿v¡; give me “laetus” in the vocative s voc§t¿vus |¿ m, c§s·us |»s m superlative d¿c “laetus” superl§t¿v¡ voc§t¿vus supine s sup¿n·um |¿ n voice s v«x, v«cis f; (of a verb) gen·us syllable s syllab·a |ae f; syllables form |eris n; What voice is “aud¿mur”? words syllabae faciunt dicti«n¡s Passive. C»ius generis est “aud¿tur”? syntax s (pure Latin) «rdin§ti·« |«nis f; Pass¿v¿. [Note—“genus,” in syntax·is |is f connection with nouns and adjectives means “gender”, and in connection take tr accip·i« |ere acc¡p¿ acceptus, with verbs means “voice.”] recip·i« |ere rec¡p¿ receptus; names of cities don’t take prepositions, vowel s voc§l·is |is f for instance, “I’m going to Rome” word s (gram) dicti·« |«nis f; syllables n«mina civit§tum n«n accipiunt form words syllabae faciunt praepositi«n¡s, ut “R«mam v§d«”; dicti«n¡s; word for word verbum the preposition “ad” takes the pr« verb« [Note—In Roman accusative case “ad” praepositi« grammars, “verbum” is used only for c§su¿ acc»s§t¿v« servit; this verb “verb”; Quintilian says: “Verbum, takes the accusative case hoc of course, has two meanings; in one verbum coniungitur (or adiungitur) sense, “verbum” covers all parts of c§su¿ acc»s§t¿v« which language is composed; in tense s temp·us |‹ris n another sense, it is restricted to the part of speech such as “leg«” and transitive tr§nsit¿v·us |a |um “scr¿b«”. To avoid this ambiguity, translate tr convert·« |ere |¿ conversus, some have preferred to say “v«c¡s,” transfer« tr§nsferre tr§nstul¿ “loc»ti«n¡s,” “dicti«n¡s.”] tr§nsl§tus; to translate from Latin write tr scr¿b« scr¿bere scr¿ps¿ scr¿ptus; to English ex Lat¿n« in Anglicum to write Latin Lat¿n¡ scr¿bere convertere wrong adj viti«s·us |a |um; adv translation s tr§nsl§ti·« |«nis f perperam understood tr it is understood subaud¿tur; “ego” is understood if I Appendix I: Yes and No in Latin

It may strike you as strange, but the Ai«. N¡g§s. Romans did not have a single word for I say yes. You say no. Yes and No. (We, too, can say “yes” or “O.K.” or, informally, “yeah” or “yep” or, even more informally, “uhuh.”) There You can safely use any of the adverbs are single Latin adverbs that mean “yes”: for “yes.” When you get up your etiam, ita, s¿c, s§n¡, maxim¡, confidence, you can try to answer by admodum, oppid«, cert¡, pl§n¡, repeating the emphatic word in the pl§nissim¡. These are not perfect question. But then be sure to provide the synonyms. For example, ita and s¿c mean correct form, as in the third example “it is so”; pl§nissim¡ means “yes, above. exactly so”; cert¡ means “certainly”; As indicated above, the most direct admodum and oppid« both means “yes” negative particle is n«n (more frequently or “quite so,” but oppid« is slightly more with the verb supplied from the question, emphatic, carrying the sense of or when something is immediately “precisely so.” Cicero indicates the most added). Minim¡ is more emphatic, direct and simple response when he says: meaning “no, indeed” or “not in the aut “etiam” aut “n«n” respond¡ least,” strengthened by v¡r«: minim¡ (answer either “yes” or “no.”) v¡r« = “no, certainly not” or the informal i e Probably the most frequent way of m nim¡ g ntium “absolutely not.”Imm« saying “yes” in Latin is to repeat the or ¿m« is used especially where a word on which the emphasis rests in the correction of something in the question is question: given. These expressions are in turn made more emphatic by appeals to deities such as ¡castor “by Castor,” pol Erus eam v¡ndidit? or edepol “by Pollux,” hercule or V¡ndidit. mehercule “by Hercules,” pr« Iuppiter The master sold her? “by Jupiter,” pr« d¿ immort§l¡s “by the Yes. immortal gods” and similar expressions. When refusing an offer with “no, thank Ad patremne eam d»cis? you,” the Romans simply said: benign¡ Ad eum ipsum. or r¡ct¡. Are you taking her to her father? Yes.

An n«n d¿x¿ hoc esse fut»rum? D¿xist¿. Didn’t I say that this was going to happen? Yes.

250 Appendix II: Colors amber ¡lectric·us |a |um gray: ash-gray cinere·us |a |um; dark black: dull black §·ter |tra |trum; gray pull·us |a |um; light gray c§n·us |a |um (esp. hair); to be gray glossy black ni·ger |gra |grum; c§ne« |¡re |u¿; to become gray pitch-black pice·us |a |um c§n¡sc·« |ere; to be gray-haired beige fl§vid·us |a |um c§n« capite esse blond fl§v·us |a |um grayish c§n¡sc·¡ns |entis blue: azure blue venet·us |a |um; dark green virid·is |is |e (most common blue c£ane·us |a |um; leaden blue term; vir·¡ns |entis, viridul·us |a l¿vid·us |a |um; sky-blue caerule·us |um, are shades of this); bright |a |um (esp. of eyes) grass green prasin·us |a |um; emerald green smaragdin·us |a |um; bluish subcaerule·us |a |um grass green herb§ce·us |a |um; olive bluish gray caesi·us |a |um (often green olev§ce·us |a |um; (deep) sea referred by the Romans to blue eyes) green venet·us |a |um; (light) sea green glauc·us |a |um (a dull green, brown fulv·us |a |um (ranging from passing into graying blue); very dull yellow to reddish brown; green pervirid·is |is |e; to be green applied to hair, wine, sand, gold, (of green foliage) vir·e« |¡re |u¿; (of stars, jasper); bright brown things growing) vir·¡ns |entis, sp§dice·us |a |um; dark brown virid·¡ns |entis; to become green fusc·us |a |um [Note: brunne·us |a vir¡sc·« |ere |um is of Germanic origin.] greenish subvirid·is |is |e chartreuse chl«r¿n·us |a |um hazel (light to strong brown) fulv·us |a chestnut sp§d·¿x |¿cis; badi·us |a |um |um; (strong brown) sp§d·¿x |¿cis (applied to horses only) lavander lavandul§ce·us |a |um; (pale color col·or |«ris m; to color col«r§re blue, with a slight mixture of gray) caesi·us |a |um cream-colored eburne·us |a |um mauve viol§ce·us |a |um crimson coccine·us |a |um ochre s¿l§ce·us |a |im dark colored pull·us |a |um orange auranti·us |a |um, l»te·us |a dun-colored gilv·us |a |um (ranging |um; dull orange armeniac·us |a from almost neutral brownish gray |um (apricot-color) to dull grayish brown, applied to horses) pink rose·us |a |um, p»nice·us |a |um pinkish subrose·us |a |um flame-colored flamme·us |a |um purple (dull red with a slight dash of flesh-colored carne·us |a |um blue) purpure·us |a |um [purpura golden aureol·us |a |um; aure·us |a |um was orignally the name of the shell (applied to hair) fish itself; later the name of the dye. 251 252 Conversational Latin

This varied according to the shellfish yellow fl§v·us |a |um (commonest term, used and the processing applied. The a pale yellow); deep yellow (like egg epithet purpureus came to cover yolk) l»te·us |a |um or vitell¿n·us |a various red colors; now it embraces |um; golden yellow aure·us |a |um; colors between red and violet: lemon yellow citre·us |a |um (purest purple, scarlet, crimson, rosy red) yellow, without any brightness); pale yellow gilv·us or gilb·us |a |um, red r»f·us |a |um (all shades); ru·ber l»teol·us |a |um |bra |brum (common term for any pure red); blood red sanguine·us |a yellowish fl§vidus |a |um; subfl§v·us |a |um; bright red rutil·us |a |um; |um (of hair, approaching blond) cardinal-red cardin§l·is |is |e; dark yellowish gray r§v·us |a |um red rubid·us |a |um; cherry-red yellowish orange gilv·us |a |um cerasin·us |a |um; deep red coccine·us |a |um; pure lively red phoenice·us |a |um, p»nice·us |a [Note—The prefix sub- means |um “somewhat”, “almost” and can often reddish subru·ber |bra |brum, rubell·us be rendered by the English suffix |a |um; subr»f·us |a |um, r»ful·us |a “|ish.” Thus, albus means “white” |um (of hair); rubicund·us |a |um (of and subalbus means “whitish.” the skin: flushed) The vagueness of Latin color terms is due to the origin of colors out of dyestuff rust-colored rubigin«s·us |a |um and pigments. The colors of minerals sandy (hair) fulv·us |a |um vary, and dyes produce different effects scarlet mini§t·us |a |um; dull scarlet according to the mode of preparation and phoenice·us |a |um the materials dyed. Their applications have to be guessed from literary sources, silvery argente·us |a |um which for the most part are incidental and snow-white see white vague. Color names used by poets tend to be applied metaphorically or indefinitely. strawberry-blond fulv·us |a |um To get a better idea of how the tan fulv·us |a |um Romans applied color terms, it is tawny fulv·us |a |um (dull yellow, with necessary to cite the objects to which a mixture of gray and brown); colors were attached. For example, when cerv¿n·us |a |um (is a darker shade Horace describes Augustus as being of it) transformed into a god, he speaks of the turquoise turic·us |a |um lips of the deified Augustus as purpureus, indicating his health. vermilion coccine·us |a |um, mini§t·us Purpureus, at least there, is crimson, not |a |um purple.] violet viol§ce·us |a |um When asking what color something is, white: dead white alb·us |a |um; dull the Romans used either the genitive or white cr¡t§ce·us |a |um; shiny white ablative of description; e.g. candid·us |a |um; snow-white nive·us |a |um (the purest white) What color is the house? Qu« whitish subalb·us |a |um, albul·us |a col«re est domus tua? |um, subalbid·us |a |um or Cuius col«ris est domus tua? Appendix III: Numbers

CARDINAL ORDINAL 1 »nus, »na, »num pr¿mus I 2 duo, duae, duo secundus II 3 tr¡s, tria tertius III 4 quattuor qu§rtus IV 5 qu¿nque qu¿ntus V 6 sex sextus VI 7 septem septimus VII 8 oct« oct§vus VIII 9 novem n«nus IX 10 decem decimus X 11 »ndecim »ndecimus XI 12 duodecim duodecimus XII 13 tredecim t¡rtius decimus XIII 14 quattuordecim qu§rtus decimus XIV 15 qu¿ndecim qu¿ntus decimus XV 16 s¡decim sextus decimus XVI 17 septendecim s¡ptimus decimus XVII 18 duod¡v¿gint¿ duod¡v¿c¡simus XVIII 19 »nd¡v¿gint¿ »nd¡v¿c¡simus XIX 20 v¿gint¿ v¿c¡simus XX 21 v¿gint¿ »nus v¿c¡simus pr¿mus XXI »nus et v¿gint¿ 22 v¿gint¿ duo v¿c¡simus secundus XXII duo et v¿gint¿ 30 tr¿gint§ tr¿c¡simus XXX 40 quadr§gint§ quadr§g¡simus XL 50 qu¿nqu§gint§ qu¿nqu§g¡simus L 60 sex§gint§ sex§g¡simus LX 70 septu§gint§ septu§g¡simus LXX 80 oct«gint§ oct«g¡simus LXXX 90 n«n§gint§ n«n§g¡simus XC 100 centum cent¡simus C 101 centum »nus cent¡simus pr¿mus CI centum et »nus 200 ducent¿, |ae, |a ducent¡simus CC 300 trecent¿, |ae, |a trecent¡simus CCC 400 quadringent¿, |ae, |a quadringent¡simus CCCC 500 qu¿ngent¿, |ae, |a qu¿ngent¡simus D 600 sescent¿, |ae, |a sescent¡simus DC 700 septingent¿, |ae, |a septingent¡simus DCC 800 octingent¿, |ae, |a octingent¡simus DCCC 900 n«ngent¿, |ae, |a n«ngent¡simus DCCCC 1,000 mille mill¡simus M 2,000 duo m¿lia bis mill¡simus MM 10,000 decem m¿lia deci¡s mill¡simus CCI/C/C 100,000 centum m¿lia centi¡s mill¡simus CCCI/C/C/C 253 Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings

[Note—The proverbs are arranged in alphabetical order. If a proverb does not begin with a significant word, a key word from the proverb is placed at the beginning to help you find the proverb that you are looking for.] advantage: To whose advantage? Cui borrowed time: You’re living on bon«? borrowed time. D¡ lucr« v¿vis. advantage: One advantage in [You’re living on profits.] exchange for another. Quid pr« buyer: Let the buyer beware. Caveat qu«. [Something for something.] ¡mptor. All or nothing. Aut Caesar aut n»llus. castles: You’re building castles in the [Either Caesar or no one.] air. In ar¡n§ aedific§s. [You are building on sand.] All’s well that ends well. Omnia r¡ct¡ sunt quae bene f¿niuntur. Caught in the act (or caught red- handed). In flagrant¿ d¡lict«. [In a Anger is brief madness. ‡ra furor flagrant crime.] brevis est. changes: After making all necessary apple cart: Don’t upset the apple cart. adjustments. M»t§t¿s m»tand¿s. N«l¿ plaustrum percellere. [Don’t [Things having been changed that knock over the wagon.] must be changed.] attack: A personal attack. Charity begins at home. Pr¿ma c§rit§s Arg»mentum ad hominem. [An incipit § s¡ ips«. [Charity first begins argument against a person (instead with oneself.] of against the issue).] Cheap gift, cheap thanks. V¿le d«num, bigger: The bigger they come, the v¿lis gr§tia. harder they fall. C§sus excels¿s chickens: Don’t count your chickens mult« facilius nocet. [The fall from before they are hatched. Adh»c tua high places more readily causes messis in herb§ est. [Your harvest is harm.] still on the stalk.] Birds of a feather flock together. Par¡s childhood: The old are in second cum paribus facillim¡ congregantur. childhood. Bis puer¿ sen¡s. [Old [Likes easily flock together with men are boys twice.] likes.] Clothes make the man. Vestis virum bite off: Don’t bite off more than you facit. can chew. Qu¿ mai«ra cupit saepe companion: A constant companion. min«ra capit. [He who desires bigger (e.g., a favorite book) V§de m¡cum. things often gets the smaller (ones).] [Go with me.] bold front: You’re just putting on a Crying brings a certain pleasure. Est bold front. Aud§cia pr« m»r« quaedam volupt§s fl¡re. [To cry is a hab¡tur. [Boldness serves as a wall.] certain pleasure.] 254 Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings 255 damn: People damn what they do not Enjoy the moment. Carpe diem. [Pluck understand. Damnant quod n«n the day.] intellegunt. err: To err is human, to forgive, dead: Say nothing but good about the divine. Err§re h»m§num est, dead. D¡ mortu¿s n¿l nisi bonum. ign«scere d¿v¿num. deaf: To preach to deaf ears. Ad Everyone has his price. V¡n§lis surd§s aur¡s cant§re [To sing to deaf populus, v¡n§lis c»ria patrum. [The ears.] people are for sale, for sale is the senate.] die: The die is cast. Iacta est §lea. Experience is the best teacher. Ûsus Do nothing in excess. N¡ nimium. [Not est optimus magister. too much.] faith: In good faith. Bon§ fid¡. Do unto others as you would have done unto you. Ab ali« exspect¡s Familiarity breeds contempt. alter¿ quod f¡ceris. [You may expect Convers§ti« parit contemptum. [Close association produces from another what you have done to contempt.] the other.] fates: Fate leads the willing; it drags dogs: Let sleeping dogs lie. N«l¿ the unwilling. D»cunt volentem f§ta, irrit§re le«n¡s. [Do not provoke n«lentem trahunt. lions.] favor: To accept a favor is to sell Don’t worry about tomorrow. Quid sit one’s freedom. Beneficium accipere, fut»rum cr§s, fuge quaerere. [Don’t l¿bert§tem est v¡ndere. ask what tomorrow will be.] Fight over nothing. D¡ l§n§ capr¿n§ drinking buddy: I hate a drinking r¿x§r¿. [To quarrel about goat’s buddy with a (good) memory. ød¿ wool.] memorem comp«t«rem. fire: Fight fire with fire. Similia drop: A drop hollows out stone. Gutta similibus c»rantur. [Like things are cavat lapidem. taken care of by like.] education: No one can take your First come, first served. Prior tempore, education from you. Hom« doctus prior i»re. [First in time, first by in s¡ d¿v¿ti§s semper habet. [An right.] educated person always has wealth foot: You put your foot in your within himself.] mouth. ø s¿ tacuisses, philosophus eggs: Don’t put all your eggs in one m§nsisses. [Oh, if you had remained basket. N¡ committ§s omnia »n¿ silent, you would have remained a n§v¿. [Don’t entrust everything to philosopher.] one ship.] forward: Not to go forward is to go eleventh: At the eleventh hour. Inter backward. N«n pr«gred¿ est regred¿. caesa et porr¡cta. [between the fox: A fox changes its fur, not its slaughtering and the offering] nature. Vulp¡s pilum m»tat, n«n end: Look, the end is in sight! F¿nis m«r¡s. ecce lab«rum! [Behold, the end of friend: A friend in need is a friend troubles.] indeed. Is est am¿cus qu¿ in r¡ dubi§ 256 Conversational Latin

r¡ iuvat. [He is a friend who really loquitur. [From the abundance of the helps in need.] heart the mouth speaks.] give: He gives twice who gives high road: I see the high road but quickly. Bis dat, qu¿ dat cito. take the low road. Vide« meli«ra glory: So passes away the glory of the prob«que; d¡teri«ra sequor. [I see world. S¿c tr§nsit gl«ria mund¿. and approve of the better; I follow the worse.] God willing De« volente. High offices change one’s character. God helps those that help themselves. Hon«r¡s m»tant m«r¡s. Fort¡s fort»na adiuvat. [Fortune helps the brave.] holy of holies. S§nctum S§nct«rum. God: If God (is) for us, who (can be) horse: A fast-running horse needs no against us? S¿ Deus pr« n«b¿s, quis spurs. Equ« current¿ n«n opus calc§ribus. contr§ n«s? hovel: A great man can come from a golden: The golden mean. Aurea hovel. Ex¿re magnus vir ex tuguri« mediocrit§s. potest. grain: With a grain of salt. Cum gr§n« I am what you will be; I was what you s§lis. are. (On a Roman tombstone) Sum greedy: The greedy man always feels quod eris; fu¿ quod es. need. Semper av§rus eget. imitator: Oh imitators, you servile grief: True grief is a private matter. herd. ø imit§t«r¡s, servum pecus. Ille dolet v¡r¡ qu¿ sine teste dolet. impressions: First impressions are [He truly grieves who grieves deceptive. Fr«ns pr¿ma mult«s without a witness.] d¡cipit. [The first appearance guard: Who will guard the guards? deceives many.] Quis cust«d¡s cust«diet? indispensable: An indispensable hair: Even a single hair casts a condition. Causa sine qu§ n«n. shadow. Etiam capillus »nus habet It’s not who you are but what you are umbram suam. that counts. N«n quis sed quid. [Not Hard work overcomes all. Labor vincit who but what.] omnia. It’s a good omen. ømen faustum est. Harp on the same old theme. Eandem Jack of all trades. Aliquis in omnibus, recoquere crambem. [To recook the n»llus in singul¿s. [A somebody in same cabbage.] general, a nobody in particular.] Haste makes waste. Fest¿n§ti« tarda est. Jack of all trades. Hom« omnis [Haste is slow.] Minervae. [A person of all Minerva hat: That’s old hat. Cramb¡ repet¿ta = goddess of handicrafts.] est. [It’s cabbage served up again.] justice: Let justice be done though the heart: My heart was in my throat. heavens fall. Fiat i»stitia, ruat Anima mihi in n§s« erat. caelum. heart: One speaks what’s in one’s Kill two birds with one stone. Du«s heart. Ex abundanti§ cordis «s pariet¡s d¡ e§dem fid¡li§ dealb§re. Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings 257

[To whitewash two walls with one mind: A sound mind in a sound body. bucket.] M¡ns s§na in corpore s§n«. Kindness begets kindness. Gr§tia Moderation in all things. Modus in gr§tiam parit. omnibus. Knowledge is power. Ipsa scientia moon: To promise the moon. Mont¡s potest§s est. aur¿ pollic¡r¿. [To promise mountains law: No one is above the law. Caesar of gold.] n«n supr§ grammatic«s est. [Caesar nail: You’ve hit the nail on the head. is not above grammarians.] Ac» rem tetigist¿. [You’ve touched learn: People learn while they teach. the thing with a needle.] Homin¡s, dum docent, discunt. Necessity is the mother of invention. Like father, like son. Colubra restem Ingeni«sa r¡rum egest§s est. [Need of n«n parit. [A snake does not give things is ingenious.] birth to a rope.] Necessity takes no vacation. Necessit§s like: He who says whatever he likes, caret f¡ri¿s. must hear what he does not like. needle: To look for a needle in a Qu¿ quae vult d¿cit, quae n«n vult haystack. N«dum in scirp« quaerere. audiet. [To look for a knot on a bulrush.] live: Don’t live one way in private, Nip the thing in the bud. Pr¿ncipi¿s another in public. N«n v¿v¡s aliter obst§re. [To block the beginnings.] in s«lit»dine, aliter in for«. No sooner said than done. Citius fact«. logical: That’s not logical. N«n (also: Dictum factum.) sequitur. [It doesn’t follow.] No one is obliged to do more than he lonely: He is absolutely lonely who is can. Ultr§ posse n¡m« oblig§tur. friendless. S«lus omn¿n« est qu¿ sine nose: To lead someone by the nose. am¿c« est. Labi¿s aliquem duct§re. [To lead Love is blind. N¡m« in am«re videt. somone by the lips.] [No one sees when in love.] Nothing new under the sun. N¿l love: A woman loves or hates; there’s dictum quod n«n prius dictum. nothing inbetween. Aut amat aut [Nothing said that has not been said «dit mulier; nihil est tertium. before.] love: You can’t hide love or a cough. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. Amor tussisque n«n c¡lantur. [Love Bene est tent§re. [It is good to try.] and a cough do not hide.] Now or never. Nunc aut numquam. lucky: You’re lucky to be alive. D¡ lucr« v¿vis. [You’re living on office: By virtue of his (her) office. Ex profits.] offici«. make mountains out of molehills Ê One of a kind. Su¿ generis. r¿v« fl»mina magna facere One quarrel leads to another. L¿s matter: The matter is still undecided. l¿tem generat. [Strife begets strife.] Adh»c sub i»dice l¿s est. [The case is opinion: There are as many opinions still before the judge.] as there are people. Quot homin¡s, 258 Conversational Latin

tot sententiae. [As many people, so right: Where there’s a right, there’s many opinions.] an obligation. Ubi i»s, ibi officium. own: To each his own. Suum cuique. road: The road to the stars is through pair: They make a pair. P§r bene the rough. Per aspera ad astra. compar§tum. [A well matched pair.] [Through the rough to the stars.] Patience is a cure for all pain. Cuiv¿s rock: Between a rock and a hard dol«r¿ remedium est patientia. place. Inter sacrum saxumque. peace/war: He who desires peace [Between the altar and the sacrificial should prepare for war. Qu¿ knife.] d¡s¿derat p§cem praeparet bellum. Rome: When in Rome, do as the peas: As like as two peas in a pod. Romans do. C«nsuet»d« loc¿ Tam similis quam lacte l§ct¿ est. [As observanda est. [The custom of the similar as milk is to milk.] place must be observed.] plans: The best laid plans often go scratch: You scratch my back, and awry. Bene c«git§ta saepe cecid¡runt I’ll scratch yours. Manus manum male. [Well thought-out things have lavat. [A hand washes a hand.] often turned out badly.] scratch: To start over from scratch. please: You can’t please everbody. Ad carcer¡s § calce revoc§r¿. [To be Fr»str§ lab«rat qu¿ omnibus plac¡re called back from the finish line to the studet. [He who tries to please starting gate.] everyone labors in vain.] secret: If you want another to keep point: Carrying a point to extremes. your secret, keep it first yourself. Reducti« ad absurdum. Alium sil¡re quod vol¡s, pr¿mus sil¡. Pour oil on the flame. Oleum addere Seeing is believing. Vid¡ et cr¡de. [See cam¿n«. [To add oil to the stove.] and believe.] Practice makes perfect. Exercit§ti« Self-love is blind. Caecus est amor su¿. optima magistra est. [Practice is the [Love of oneself is blind.] best teacher.] Shame on you! Pr« pudor! [For public: For the public good. Pr« bon« shame.] p»blic«. Silence is consent. Qu¿ tacet, c«nsentit. punishment: Let the punishment fit [He who is silent gives his consent.] the crime. Culpae (or noxiae) poena p§r est«. smoke: Where there’s smoke, there’s Quality rather than quantity. N«n fire. Flamma f»m« est proxima. [A multa sed multum. [Not many things flame is next to smoke.] but much.] sore spot: You’ve hit a sore spot. reap: You reap what you sow. Ut Tangis ulcus. [You are touching a sementem f¡ceris, ita met¡s. [As you sore.] will have done the sowing, so you sow: As you sow, so shall you reap. Ut shall reap.] s¡mentem f¡ceris, ita met¡s. Repetition is the mother of studies. Speaking of the devil. Lupus in f§bul§ Repet¿ti« est m§ter studi«rum. (or in serm«ne). [Wolf in the story right: By what right? Qu« i»re? (or conversation).] Appendix IV: Proverbs and Sayings 259 stomach: You can’t study well on a tit: To give tit for tat. P§r par¿ full stomach. Pl¡nus venter n«n respond¡re. [To render like for like.] studet libenter. [A full stomach does tongue: To have tongue in cheek. not study well.] Tacit« r¿d¡re n§s«. [To laugh with a stomach: The stomach doesn’t have quiet nose.] ears. (i.e., don’t preach to the treasure: Where your treasure is hungry.) Venter n«n habet aur¡s. there is also your heart. Ubi est stone: A rolling stone gathers no thesaurus tuus, ibi est et cor tuum. moss. Lapis vol»tus haud m»sc« Trust begets trust. Fid¡s facit fidem. obd»citur. [A rolling stone does not get covered with moss.] tune: You’re singing the same old tune. Cantil¡nam eandem canis. Strike the iron when it is hot. Ferrum, [You’re singing the same refrain.] dum in igne candet, c»dendum est. [Iron must be struck while it glows in waste: You are wasting your time. the fire.] Laterem cr»dum lav§s. [You are washing an unbaked brick.] surprised: Be surprised at nothing. N¿l m¿r§re. wealth: Where there are friends, there are riches. Ubi am¿c¿, ibi taste: You can’t argue about taste. D¡ op¡s. gustibus n«n disputandum est. [There should be no dispute about tastes.] welfare: The welfare of the people is the supreme law. Sal»s popul¿ tears: Nothing dries faster than tears. supr¡ma est l¡x. Lacrim§ nihil citius §r¡scit. Well, the last of the Romans! Em, tea pot: To stir up a tempest in a tea ultimus R«m§n«rum. pot. Excit§re fl»ct»s in simpul«. [To stir up waves in a ladle.] Where there’s life there’s hope. Dum anima est, sp¡s est. [As long as there Thank God. De« gr§ti§s. is breath, there is hope.] tiger: I have a tiger by the tail. Winning is everything. Vincere aut Auribus tene« lupum. [I have a wolf mor¿. [To conquer or to die.] by the ears.] wise: A word to the wise is sufficient. tiger: A tiger never changes his Dictum sapient¿ sat est. stripes. Vulp¡s pilum m»tat, n«n m«r¡s. [The fox changes his fur, not world: The world wants to be his character.] deceived. Mundus vult d¡cip¿. Time brings all to light. Tempus omnia words: They went from words to rev¡lat. blows. × verb¿s ad verbera. [From words to blows.] Time flies. Tempus fugit. wrong: One wrong does not excuse Time will tell. Di¡s v¡rit§tem aperit. another. Ini»ria n«n exc»sat [Time uncovers the truth.] ini»riam. Times change, and we change with You’re getting in over your head. them. Tempora m»tantur, n«s et Magnum mare ingrederis. [You’re m»t§mur in ill¿s. entering the great sea.] tip: It’s on the tip of my tongue. Vers§tur mihi in pr¿m«ribus labr¿s. [It’s on the edge of my lips.] Appendix V: Computer Terms address ¿nscr¿pti·« |«nis f ¡lectronica game l»s» comput§tr§lem l»d·« |ere address book lib·er |r¿ m ¿nscr¿pti«num l»s¿ ¡lectronic§rum connect c«nect·« |ere c«nexu¿ c«nexus attachment appendicul·a |ae f, connection connex·us |»s m document·um |¿ n annexum copy s exempl·ar |§ris n boot up initi·« |§re |§v¿ syst¡ma copy exemplar facere booting-up initi§ti·« |«nis f syst¡matis crash intr corru·« |ere |¿ browse (the Web) n§vig§re; (text cursor curs·or |«ris m documents) perl»str§re cut and paste sec·« sec§re secu¿ et browser (Web viewer) n§vig§tr·um |¿ n; gl»tin§re (viewer of text documents) perl»str§tr·um |¿ n cyberspace cyberspati·um |¿ n button pl¡ctr·um |¿ n data dat·a |«rum npl byte oct¡t·us |¿ m database dat«rum reposit«ri·um |¿ n carbon copy exempl·ar |§ris n DCD digit§lis compactus disc·us |¿ m carb«neum delete d¡l·e« d¡l¡re d¡l¡v¿ d¡l¡tus CD compactus disc·us |¿ m desktop (on the screen) in quadr« CD-ROM compactus disc·us |¿ m digital digit§l·is |is |e opticus directory plic§rum ind·ex |icis m chip tal·us |¿ m disk disc·us |¿ m; floppy disk discus click tr d¡prim·« |ere d¡press¿; puls§re; flexibilis left-click sinistr«rsum d¡primere; right-click dextr«rsum d¡primere; disk drive disc«rum recept§cul·um |¿ n, double-click bis d¡primere or bis ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n disc¿s legend¿s puls§re diskette discul·us |¿ m close concl»d·« |ere |¿ concl»sus download ex r¡te prehen·d« |dere |d¿ command iuss·um |¿ n |sus (or exprom·« |ere |ps¿ |tus compact disk (CD) compactus disc·us drag trah·« |ere trax¿ |¿ m edit ¡d« ¡dere ¡did¿ ¡ditus computer s comput§tr·um |¿ n, electronic ¡lectronic·us |a |um «rdin§tr·um |¿ n e-mail s litter·ae |§rum fpl ¡lectronicae; computer adj comput§tr§l·is |is |e, (the system) curs·us |»s m «rdin§tr§l·is |is |e ¡lectr«nicus computer game l»s·us |»s m e-mail tr (ad aliquem) litter§s comput§tr§lis; to play a computer ¡lectronic§s mittere 260 Appendix V: Computer Terms 261 e-mail address ¿nscr¿pti·« |«nis f list (mailing list) grex, gregis m ¡lectronica (interr¡ti§lis) enter tr in comput§trum refer« referre list owner gregis moder§·tor |t«ris m retul¿ rel§tus (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) file document·um |¿ n log in intr in·e« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ init»rus folder coöpercul·um |¿ n log out intr ex·e« |¿re |¿v¿ or i¿ exit»rus font typ·us |¿ m magnetic magn¡tic·us |a |um format s form·a |ae f mail litter·ae |§rum fpl ¡lectronicae, format tr (discum) c«nform§re epistul·a |ae f ¡lectronica memory memori·a |ae f forward (e-mail letter) d¡fer·« d¡ferre d¡tul¿ d¡l§tus menu iuss«rum tabell·a |ae f garbage in, garbage out ex quisquili¿s message n»nti·us |¿ m fiunt quisquiliae modem tr§nsmodul§tr·um |¿ n hacker plagi§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) monitor monit«ri·um |¿ n, caps·a |ae f ¡lectronic·us (-a), effr§ct§ri·us |¿ m comput§tr§lis (·a |ae f) ¡lectronic·us (-a) mouse m»scul·us |¿ m, m»s, m»ris m hard drive d»ra stati·« |«nis f mouse clicker m»ris puls§bul·um |¿ n hardware appar§t·us |»s m net r¡t·e |is n comput§tr§lis open aper·i« |¿re |u¿ |tus home page p§gin·a |ae f domestica operating system syst¡m·a |atis n hypertext adj hypertextu§l·is |is |e internum hypertext s hypertext·us |»s m output exit·us |»s m icon ¿c«n, ¿conis f password tesser·a |ae f input s init·us |»s m; input and output personal computer comput§tr·um |¿ n (dat«rum) initus exitusque domesticum install ¿nstru·« ¿nstruere ¿nstrux¿ pointer (m»ris) ind·ex |icis m ¿nstructus port port·us |»s m internet s interr¡t·e |is n print typ¿s imprim·« |ere impress¿ internet adj interr¡ti§l·is |is |e impressus joystick vect·is |is m, vectul·us |¿ m printer machin·a |ae f typographica, key malleol· us |¿ m, pl¡ctr·um |¿ n impress«ri·um |¿ n keyboard pl¡ctrologi·um |¿ n, «rd·« processor ¡dit«ri·um |¿ n |inis m pl¡ctr«rum program s programm·a |atis n laptop comput§trul·um |¿ n portabile program tr programm·« |§re |§v¿ |§tus link tr c«nect·« |ere c«nexu¿ c«nexus programmer programm§·tor |t«ris m link s c«nex·us |»s m (·tr¿x |¿cis f) linker c«nectr·um |¿ n prompt monit·us |»s m linking s c«nexi·« |«nis f RAM memori·a |ae f vol§tilis 262 Conversational Latin reboot rediniti§re subscribe subscr¿b·« |ere subscr¿ps¿ reply respond·e« |¡re |¿ terminal termin§l·e |is n ROM memori·a |ae f fixa text text·us |»s m run tr to run a program programma thread seri·¡s |¡¿ f epistul§rum administr§re ¶ intr oper·or |§r¿ |§tus ¡lectronic§rum sum; the program is running toolbar ¿nstr»ment«rum tabell·a |ae f programma oper§tur tools ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl save serv§re turn off exstin·gu« |gere |x¿ |tus scan scan·d« |dere |d¿ |sus turn on excit§re scanner sc§ns«ri·um |¿ n type dactylograph§re screen quadr·um |¿ n v¿s¿ficum unsubscribe cess§re scroll down d¡volv·« |ere |¿ URL Ûnivers§le R¡rum Loc§tr·um |¿ n, send mitt·« |ere m¿s¿ missus ¿nscr¿pti·« |«nis interr¡ti§lis shut down claud·« |ere claus¿ clausus web site sit·us |»s m interr¡ti§lis software part·¡s |ium fpl window fenestell·a |ae f programm§ti«nis word processor programm·a |atis n spam sag¿n§ti·« |«nis ¡dit«rium speaker megaph«ni·um |¿ n World Wide Web (WWW) T¡l·a |ae f spread sheet chart·a |ae f comput§t¿va T«t¿us Terrae (TTT) string ser·i¡s |¡¿ f write comp«n·« |ere composu¿ subdirectory plic§rum subind·ex |icis compositus; to write a program m programma comp«nere Appendix VI: Latin Songs 263

Appendix VI: Cant»s Lat¿n¿ Latin Songs

Ecce Caesar ______(Clementine or Ode to Joy)

1. Ecce Caesar nunc triumphat qu¿ sub¡git Galliam C¿viumque multit»d« celebrat vict«riam.

Chorus: G§ius I»lius Caesar noster, imper§tor, pontifex, Pr¿mum praetor, deinde c«nsul, nunc dict§tor, moxque r¡x.

2. En vict«r¡s pr«c¡dent¡s, laet¿ fl«ribus nov¿s, Magn§ praed§ sunt pot¿t¿ et capt¿v¿s pl»rim¿s. 3. Exsultant¡s magn§ v«ce ‘i« triumphe’ concinunt, Dum aur§tum ante currum victae urb¡s pr«c¡dunt. 4. Legi«n¡s Viam Sacram t«tam complent strepit», Capit«l¿numque collem scandit Caesar in curr». 5. ø s«l pulcher, « laudande, Caesarem rec¡pimus, et cor«n§ triumph§l¿ hon«r§tum v¿dimus.

Gaude§mus igitur ______Gaude§mus igitur, iuven¡s dum V¿ta nostra brevis est, brev¿ f¿ni¡tur; sumus (2) (2) Post i»cundam iuvent»tem, Venit mors vel«citer, Post molestam senect»tem Rapit n«s atr«citer N«s hab¡bit humus, N¡min¿ parc¡tur, N«s hab¡bit humus. N¡min¿ parc¡tur.

Ubi sunt qu¿ ante n«s in mund« V¿vat acad¡mia, v¿vant pr«fess«r¡s, fu¡re? (2) (2) Tr§nse§s ad super«s, V¿vat membrum quodlibet, abe§s ad ¿nfer«s, V¿vant membra quaelibet; qu«s s¿ v¿s vid¡re, Semper sint in fl«re, qu«s s¿ v¿s vid¡re. Semper sint in fl«re. 264 Conversational Latin

V¿vat et r¡s p»blica, et qu¿ illam regit (2) V¿vat nostra c¿vit§s, Maec¡n§tum c§rit§s, quae n«s h¿c pr«tegit, quae n«s h¿c pr«tegit.

T¡, can«, Patria______(America) T¡ can«, patria, candida l¿bera, t¡ referet. Portus et exulum, et tumulus senum L¿bera montium v«x resonet.

Battle Hymn of the Republic______Advenientis domin¿ c«nspex¿ gl«riam; ‡r§rum »v§s conter¡ns calcat v¿nd¡miam; Êv§g¿n§vit fulguris f§t§lis l§minam; Inc¡dit v¡rit§s. Gl«ria, gl«ria, allel»ia! Gl«ria, gl«ria allel»ia! Gl«ria, gl«ria allel»ia! Inc¡dit v¡rit§s.

T» es S«l meus ______(You are my Sunshine)

T» es s«l meus, s«l s«lus meus, T» es s«l meus, s«l s«lus meus, Laetific§s m¡ cum n»b¡s sunt. Laetific§s m¡ cum n»b¡s sunt. ø numquam sci¡s quantum t¡ ø numquam sci¡s quantum t¡ amem, amem, N«l¿, s¿s, auferre s«lem. N«l¿, s¿s, auferre s«lem.

T¡ semper am§b(«) et laetific§b«, S¿ modo eris similis. Sed s¿ m¡ linquis et aliam am§s, Paenit¡bit t¡ «lim.

D¿l¡cta est tr§ns øceanum______(My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean) D¿l¡cta est tr§ns «ceanum, Refrain: N«n est iam d¿lecta dom¿! Refer, refer, D¿l¡cta est tr§ns «ceanum O refer d¿l¡ctam ad m¡, ad m¡ Refer d¿lectam ad m¡. Refer, refer, O refer d¿l¡ctam ad me. Appendix VI: Latin Songs 265 Domus in Pr§t« ______(Home on the Range) D§ m¿ domum ubi »r¿ errant, Chorus: Ubi cerv¿ et dorc¿ l»dunt; Domus in pr§t« Et r§r« aud¿s verbum incommodum Ubi cerv¿ et dorc¿ l»dunt; Et n»bila caela n«n sunt. Et r§r« aud¿s verbum incommodum Et n»bila caela n«n sunt.

Penitus in Corde Texae ______(Deep in the Heart of Texas) Noct» stellae M¡ memorant Magnae, cl§rae Quem eg(o) am« Penitus in corde Texae. Penitus in corde Texae. Pr§t¿ caelum Salvia fl«r¡ns L§tum, altum Est unguentum, Penitus in corde Texae. Penitus in corde Texae.

Fl§va Rosa Texiae______(The Yellow Rose of Texas) 1. Est fl§va Rosa Texae 2. Ubi Fl»men Magnum fluit, ‡b« ut videam Stellae l»cent cl§rae, N»llus cogn«scit eam Per fl»men vad¡b§mus N¡m«, s«lum ego. Qui¡t§ noct(e) aest¿v§. S¿c fl¡vit cum ab¿v¿ Inquit: “S¿ meminist¿, Cor paene frang¡bat Ut «lim discessimus, S¿ iterum co¿bimus Pr«m¿st¿ t» red¿re Numquam ab¿bimus. Nec s¿c m¡ linquere.

Chorus: Dulcissim(a) est rosella Quam Texas al¡bat, Ocl¿ ut diamant¡s Micant s¿cut¿ ros. D¿c§s d¡ Cl¡ment¿n§, Cant¡s Rosaliam, Sed Fl§va Rosa Texae Est »nica mihi. 266 Conversational Latin Auld Lang Syne ______1. Sod§lit§tis veteris c»r immemor er«? C»r temporis praeterit¿ fiet obl¿vi«? Chorus: Ob aevum iam praeteritum, praeteritum di», N«s p«culum pl¡nissimum s»m¡mus nunc man». 2. Tum dextra dextrum implicet, « v«x f¿dissim¿; Pr«lix¡ prolu§mus n«s fl»minibus v¿n¿.

Happy Birthday to You ______F¡l¿x n§t§lis tibi, F¡l¿x n§t§lis tibi, F¡licissimus di¡s N§t§lis tibi!

N.B. For additional Latin songs, see Latine Cantemus, Franz Schlosser, Bolchazy- Carducci Publisher, Inc., ISBN 0-86516-315-4 General Vocabulary

N.B. to the best of my ability pr« me§ This General Vocabulary is a compilation parte of the topical vocabularies in the chap- ablative adj abl§t¿v·us |a |um; ablative ters. For a more complete resource, case c§s·us |»s m abl§t¿vus, consult Traupman, Latin Dictionary, abl§t¿v·us |¿ m; in the ablative case Amsco, N.Y. c§s» abl§t¿v« The principal parts of the following able: be able to possum posse potu¿ (+ commonly occurring verbs are not inf), que« qu¿re qu¿v¿ or qui¿ (+ inf) provided in the vocabulary: abounding in abund·§ns |antis (+ abl) accipi« accipere acc¡p¿ acceptus about (approximately) circiter, fer¡; ag« agere ¡g¿ §ctus (concerning) d¡ (+ abl) d« dare ded¿ datus above supr§ (+ acc); be above (e.g., d¿c« d¿cere d¿x¿ dictus bribery) indign·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (+ d»c« d»cere d»x¿ ductus acc) faci« facere f¡c¿ factus abroad: from abroad extr¿nsec·us |a habe« hab¡re habu¿ habitus |um; go abroad, live abroad, travel l»d« l»dere l»s¿ l»sus abroad peregr¿n·or |§r¿ sum esse fu¿ fut»rus absence: in my absence m¡ absente veni« ven¿re v¡n¿ ventum absent abs·¡ns |entis; be absent absum abesse §fu¿ §fut»rus; be absent without leave ad comme§t»s diem A n«n adsum adesse adfu¿ A: she explained everything to me absentee abs·¡ns |entis mf from A to Z ab aci§ et ac» mihi omnia exposuit absolutely omn¿n«, pr«rsus; absolutely nothing nihil pr«rsus abbreviate brevi§re, imminu·« |ere |¿ immin»tus abstract noun s appell§ti·« |«nis f (ut “bonit§s” goodness) abbreviation not·a |ae f (compendi§ria) absurd absurd·us |a |um ABC’s pr¿m·ae litter·ae |§rum fpl; know one’s ABC’s litter§s sci« sc¿re sc¿v¿ abusive maledic·us |a |um abdomen ven·ter |tris m academy acad¡mi·a |ae f ability facult·§s |§tis f; ability to read accent s accent·us |»s m; place the and write legend¿ scr¿bend¿que accent on a syllable accentum in facult§s; natural ability ingeni·um |¿ syllab§ p«n·« |ere posu¿ positus n; speaking ability d¿cend¿ facult§s; accent mark ap·ex |icis m 267 268 Conversational Latin accident c§s·us |»s m; calamit·§s |§tis f across tr§ns (+ acc); across from ex (autoc¿n¡tica) advers« (+ gen), exadversum (+ acc) accidentally c§s», fortu¿t« act intr ag·« |ere ¡g¿ §ctus; act as a accommodations hospiti·um |¿ n friend am¿cum agere; (behave) act badly s¡ turpiter ger·« |ere gess¿ accomplish c«nfic·i« |ere c«nf¡c¿ c«nfectus active ala·cer |cris |cre; (gram) §ct¿v·us |a |um; active service: be on active accomplished ¡rud¿tus |a |um service st¿pendia facere; active verb according to secundum (+ acc) verbum agend¿ or ag¡ns or §ct¿vum; active voice gen·us |eris n §ct¿vum; accordion harmonic·a |ae f d¿ductilis be active in vers·or |§r¿ |§tus sum in account rati·« |«nis f; audit accounts (+ abl) rati«n¡s dispun·g« |gere |x¿ |ctus; actor histri·« |«nis m, §ct·or |«ris m balance accounts rati«n¡s c«nfer« c«nferre contul¿ coll§tus; the account actress §ctr·¿x |¿cis f balances rati« c«nstat acute (illness) ac»t·us |a |um accountant rati«cin§t·or |«ris m, ad praec«ni·um |¿ n rati«cin§tr·¿x |¿cis f Adam’s apple p«m·um |¿ n Ad§m¿; account books tabul·ae |§rum fpl n«d·us |¿ m gutturis (accept¿ et exp¡ns¿) add (to) adic·i« |ere adi¡c¿ adiectus (+ accounting c«nfecti·« |«nis f tabul§rum; dat) keep (accounting) books tabul§s adding machine m§chin·a |ae f c«nfic·i« |ere c«nf¡c¿ c«nfectus additi«n§lis accusation acc»s§ti·« |«nis f addition: in addition acc¡dit quod (+ accuse acc»s§re (with acc of person and indic) gen or d¡ + abl of the charge); address s ¿nscr¿pti·« |«nis f cursu§lis; argu·« |ere |¿ (with acc of the person (comput) ¿nscr¿pti« ¡lectronica and gen of the charge); accuse s.o. of a capital offense aliquem re¿ address tr adloqu·or |¿ adloc»tus sum; capit§lis re·um (-am) facere (a letter) ¿nscr¿b·« |ere ¿nscr¿ps¿ inscr¿ptus; a letter addressed to you ache intr dol·e« |¡re |u¿; I ache all over epistula tibi ¿nscr¿pta t«tus (-a) dole« address book (comput) lib·er |br¿ m ache s dol·or |«ris m; have a headache ¿nscr¿pti«num (¡lectronic§rum) § capite lab«r§re; have a toothache § dente lab«r§re adhesive gl»t·en |inis n; adhesive tape taeni·a |ae f adhaes¿va acquit (of) absolv·« |ere |¿ absol»tus (d¡ + abl; more rarely w. gen); acquit adjacent to contermin·us |a |um (+ dat) s.o. of a capital crime aliquem adjectival adj adiect¿v§l·is |is |e capitis absolvere adjective s adiect¿v·um |¿ n acquittal absol»ti·« |«nis f adjoin adiung·or |¿ adi»nctus sum (+ acrobat petaurist§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) dat) General Vocabulary 269 adjoining i»nct·us |a |um; adjoining aedile aed¿l·is |is m rooms i»ncta cubicula aedileship aed¿lit·§s |§tis f adjourn ampli§re affable aff§bil·is |is |e administration administr§ti·« |«nis f affair r¡s, r¡¿ f; have an affair with s.o. admirable adm¿r§bil·is |is |e c«nsuet»dinem cum aliqu« hab¡re admiration adm¿r§ti·« |«nis f affected affect§t·us |a |um admission ticket tesser·a |ae f aditi§lis affection am·or |«ris m adopt adopt§re affectionate am·§ns |antis adoptive daughter f¿li·a |ae f adopt¿va afraid form¿dul«s·us |a |um; afraid of adoptive son f¿li·us |¿ m adopt¿vus timid·us |a |um (+ gen); be afraid (of) tim·e« |¡re |u¿ (+ acc), metu« adore ad«r§re metuere metu¿; I am afraid that … Adriatic Hadri§ticum mar·e |is n ver·eor |¡r¿ veritus sum n¡ … ; what adult adj adult·us |a |um, grand·is |is |e are you afraid of? quid est quod metuis? adult s adultus hom·« |inis m; (not including aged persons) p»b·¡s |is mf after conj postquam (+ indic) advantage bon·um |¿ n; be of after prep post (+ acc); (immediately advantage (to) pr«sum pr«desse after) ¡ or ex (+ abl), d¡ (+ abl); pr«fu¿ (+ dat); derive great after all r¡ v¡r§; after this post h§c; advantage from multum commodum after that deinde, subinde; be after ex aliqu§ r¡ capere; take advantage s.o. (romantically) aliquem pet·« |ere of s.o.’s ignorance alicuius |¿v¿; immediately after statim § or ignorantiam sibi quaestu¿ hab¡re; ab (+ abl) take advantage of the opportunity afternoon temp·us |oris n occ§si«nem nanc¿sc·or |¿ n§nctus postmer¿di§num; in the afternoon sum; to whose advantage was it postmer¿di¡, post mer¿diem; this (that …)? cui bon« fuit (+ acc w. afternoon hodi¡ post mer¿diem inf)? afterwards poste§ adverb adverbi·um |¿ n again iterum, r»rsus; again and again adverbial adverbi§l·is |is |e identidem, etiam atque etiam advertise pr«scr¿b·« |ere pr«scr¿ps¿ age aet·§s |§tis f; at age fifteen pr«scr¿ptus decimum qu¿ntum annum ag·¡ns advertisement praec«ni·um |¿ n; |entis; he is under twenty years of (poster) pr«scr¿pti·« |«nis f age minor v¿gint¿ ann«rum est; she was ten years of age erat decem advice c«nsili·um |¿ n; good advice ann«s n§ta r¡ctum c«nsilium; I will take your advice on the matter c«nsilium aged ann«s·us |a |um, longaev·us |a tuum ill¿us re¿ capiam; on your |um advice t¡ auct«re; sound advice agile agil·is |is |e v¡rum c«nsilium ago (prepositive) abhinc, e.g., ten years advise su§d·e« |¡re su§s¿ (+ dat) ago abhinc decem ann«s; a short 270 Conversational Latin

while ago paul« ante; how long ago? all omn·is |is |e; all along: I knew all quam pr¿dem?; long ago iamd»dum, along »sque ab initi« sc¿v¿; all but iampr¿dem; not so long ago haud ita propemodum: I have all but given pr¿dem; sometime ago pr¿dem up hope propemodum spem d¡m¿s¿; d»dum all in all pr«rsus; in all omn¿n«; all agree (with) c«nsent·i« |¿re c«ns¡ns¿ over the world ub¿que terr§rum; all c«ns¡nsus (cum + abl) right quidem, licet; it’s all right r¡ct¡ est; bene habet; all the same agreeable commod·us |a |um, gr§t·us |a (anyhow) nihil« s¡tius; all’s well |um salva r¡s est; all the way from »sque agreement foed·us |eris n; according to ab (+ abl); it’s all over! §ctum est!; the terms of the agreement ex all there: are you quite all there? foedere satisne s§nus (-a) es?; all too late immo iam s¡r« aha! attat! allegation ¿nsimul§ti·« |«nis f ahead: go ahead, tell me! Agedum, d¿c mihi!; ahead of time ante tempus allege argu·« |ere |¿ arg»tus ail: what ails you? quid tibi est? alley angiport·um |¿ n ailment mal·um |¿ n alliance foed·us |eris n, societ·§s |§tis f; conclude an alliance with foedus airbag §erius foll·is |is m ¿c·« |ere |¿ |tus cum (+ abl); form an air conditioner ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n §ër¿ alliance with societ§tem facere cum temperand« (+ abl) aircraft carrier n§v·is |is f alluring illecebr«s·us |a |um §ëroplan¿gera almond amygdal·um |¿ n airline tr§m·es |itis m §erius almost paene, fer¡ (postpositive); almost airplane §ëroplan·um |¿ n like paene quasi airport §ëroport·us |»s m alone s«l·us |a |um air pressure pressi·« |«nis f §eria along per (+ acc), secundum (+ acc); alarm suscit§bul·um |¿ n; (terror) along with »n§ cum (+ abl); I knew pav·or |«ris m; set the alarm for all along iam inde § pr¿ncipi« sc¿v¿ (six o’clock) obicem ad (h«ram aloud cl§r¡; read aloud cl§r¡ leg·« |ere sextam) ¿nf¿g·« |ere ¿nf¿x¿ ¿nf¿xus; l¡g¿ l¡ctus the alarm went off suscit§bulum alphabet s alphab¡t·um |¿ n, pr¿m·ae sonuit litter·ae |§rum fpl, element·a |«rum alarm clock h«rologi·um |¿ n npl suscit§t«rium Alpine Alp¿n·us |a |um; Alpine chain alcohol alcohol |is n Alpium iug·a |«rum npl alcoholic alcoholic·us |a |um Alps Alp·¡s |ium fpl alert §·cer |cris |cre already iam alibi absentiae arg»ment·um |¿ n alright licet alimony alim«ni·um |¿ n also etiam General Vocabulary 271 alternating current fluent·um |¿ n anklet periscel·is |idis f alternum anniversary f¡stus di·¡s |¡¿ m although quamquam (+ indic); quamv¿s annivers§rius (+ subj), cum (+ subj) announcer ann»nti§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x always semper |¿cis f) ambassador leg§t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) annoy male hab¡re; this annoys me hoc ambition ambiti·« |«nis f m¡ male habet ambitious ambiti«s·us |a |um annoyance molesti·a |ae f ambulance arcer·a |ae f, autoarcer·a annoyed: be annoyed at molest¡ fer« |ae f ferre tul¿ America Americ·a |ae f; North answer s resp«ns·um |¿ n; give s.o. an America America Septentri«n§lis; answer alicui resp«nsum red·d« South America America Mer¿di§na |dere |did¿ |ditus American Americ§n·us |a |um answer tr (in both speaking and writing: amount: it amounts to the same thing with dat of person and ad + acc of tantundem est the thing) respon·de« |d¡re |d¿ |sum; amphitheater amphithe§tr·um |¿ n answer a letter ad litter§s rescr¿b·« |ere rescr¿ps¿; answer in complete amplifier amplific§tr·um |¿ n sentences t«t¿s sententi¿s respond¡re; amuse oblect§re; amuse oneself s¡ answer a question ad interrog§tum oblect§re respond¡re; I’ll answer you point by amusement: for one’s amusement point tibi respond¡b« (in writing: anim¿ caus§ rescr¿bam) ad singula; now I’ll amusement park hort·¿ |«rum mpl answer your questions nunc p»blic¿ oblect§ri¿ respond¡b« ad ea quae rog§vist¿; that’s not an answer to my anchor (anchor person) n»nti§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) question aliud t¡ rog« and et, atque; and so itaque; and so answering machine resp«nstr·um |¿ n forth et perinde, et c¡tera t¡leph«nicum anger ¿r·a |ae f ant form¿c·a |ae f angry (at) ¿r§t·us |a |um (+ dat); be antagonistic ¿nfest·us |a |um angry (at) succ¡ns·e« |¡re |u¿ (+ antecedent s n«m·en |inis n antec¡d¡ns dat); get angry with ¿r§sc·or |§r¿ (+ dat); he did nothing for you to be antelope bubul·us |¿ m, tarandr·us |¿ m angry at nihil f¡cit quod succ¡nse§s antepenult s antepaenultima syllab·a anguish ang·or |«ris m |ae f animal anim·al |§lis n; wild animal anthropologist anthr«polog·us |¿ m (·a fer·a |ae f |ae f) ankle tal·us |¿ m anthropology anthr«pologi·a |ae f ankle-length t§l§r·is |is |e antiquity: in antiquity ant¿quitus [adv] 272 Conversational Latin anxiety anxiet·§s |§tis f; anxiety about appetizer gust§ti·« |«nis f c»r·a |ae f (+ gen) apple m§l·um |¿ n anxious anxi·us |a |um applecart: upset the applecart anxiously anxi¡ plaustrum percell·« |ere percul¿ anyhow (just the same) nec e« s¡tius; (in apple pie m§la npl in crust« cocta any event) utique apple polisher adul§t·or |«ris m, anyone quispiam (gen: c»iuspiam); if adul§tr·¿x |¿cis f anyone s¿ quis apply (a remedy) adhib·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus; anything else aliquid amplius, quicquam apply oneself to s¡ c«nfer·« c«nferre aliud contul¿ (+ dat or ad + acc) apartment diaet·a |ae f, c¡n§cul·um |¿ appointment: have an appointment n; furnished apartment diaeta omn¿ with c«nstit»tum hab¡re cum (+ abl); supellectile ¿nstructa keep an appointment ad c«nstit»tum ven¿re apartment building ¿nsul·a |ae f appreciate: I appreciate your kindness apathetic d¡s·es |idis beneficium tuum tueor tu¡r¿ tuitus ape s¿mi·us |¿ m, s¿mi·a |ae f sum Apennines, Apennine Range apricot armeniac·um |¿ n Apenn¿nus m«n·s |tis m April m¡ns·is |is m Apr¿l·is; in April apologize (for) s¡ exc»s§re (d¡ + abl); I m¡nse Apr¿l¿ apologize to you m¡ tibi exc»s« apron sublig·ar |§ris n apology: please accept my apologies aqueduct aquaeduct·us |»s m quaes«, accipe exc»s§ti«n¡s archeologist archaeolog·us |¿ m (·a |ae apparently ut vid¡tur f); the archeologists excavated this appeal s (attractiveness) su§vit·§s |§tis site archaeolog¿ hunc situm f; (legal) appell§ti·« |«nis f; allow an excav¡runt appeal appell§ti«nem admitt·« |ere archeology archaeologi·a |ae f adm¿s¿ admissus; disallow an appeal archery sagitt§ti·« |«nis f (see Chapter appell§ti«nem improb§re V) appeal tr (to) appell§re (ad + acc) architect architect·us |¿ m appear app§r·e« |¡re |u¿; (seem) vid·eor architecture architect»r·a |ae f |¡r¿ v¿sus sum Ardea Arde·a |ae f appendicitis appendic¿t·is |idis f area tract·us |»s m appendix (of a book; of the body) append·ix |icis f area code (t¡leph«nicus) numer·us |¿ m prael¡ct«rius appetite (cib¿) appetenti·a |ae f, (cib¿) appet¿ti·« |«nis f; lack of appetite arena ar¡n·a |ae f inedi·a |ae f; give s.o. a good Argiletum Arg¿l¡t·um |¿ n (a district of appetite alicui (cib¿) appetentiam Rome extending from the base of the excit§re or facere Quirinal to the Capitoline and chiefly General Vocabulary 273

inhabited by booksellers and arrive adven·i« |¿re adv¡n¿ adventum; mechanics) arrive at perven·i« |¿re perv¡n¿ argue arg»ment·or |§r¿; (to wrangle) perventum (ad or in + acc) alterc·or |§r¿; stop arguing! d¡sine arrogance arroganti·a |ae f (pl: d¡sinite) alterc§r¿! arrogant arrog·§ns |antis argument alterc§ti·« |«nis f; get into an artery art¡ri·a |ae f argument in l¿tem ambiguam d¡scend·« |ere |¿; put up an art gallery pinacoth¡c·a |ae f argument rec»s§re arthritis arthr¿t·is |idis f; articul§ris aristocracy n«bilit·§s |§tis f, optim§t·¡s morb·us |¿ m |ium mpl artichoke cinar·a |ae f arm s bracchi·um |¿ n; (upper) lacert·us article s (in newspaper or magazine) |¿ m (see arms) comment§riol·us |¿ m, comment§ti·« arm tr arm§re |«nis f; (clause in a law, treaty) cap·ut |itis n; (gram) articul·us |¿ m armaments appar§t·us |»s m bell¿ (hic haec hoc, normally (rarely pl of appar§tus) demonstrative, serve as articles only armchair sell·a |ae f bracchi§ta in declensions); definite (indefinite) article f¿n¿tus (¿nfin¿tus) articulus armed arm§t·us |a |um; be armed in arm¿s esse articulate adj disert·us |a |um armpit §l·a |ae f, axill·a |ae f articulate tr articul§re arms: arm·a |«rum npl; arms race artillery torment·a |«rum npl arm«rum cert§m·en |inis n; be under artist artif·ex |icis m arms in arm¿s esse; by force of arms as adv s¿cut, ut; as far as (up to) »sque v¿ et arm¿s; lay down arms ab arm¿s ad (+ acc); as far as (e.g. I am disc¡d·« |ere discess¿; take up arms concerned) quoad; as far as I know arma capere quod sci«; as for instance ut put§; as army exercit·us |»s m; join the army long as quamdi»; as often as ad m¿litiam ¿re; raise an army quoti¡scumque; as soon as cum exercitum compar§re pr¿mum; as soon as possible quam around circ§, circiter (+ acc), d¡ (+ pr¿mum; as well as atque; as yet abl); around midnight d¡ medi§ adh»c nocte; around noon circiter ashamed: I’m ashamed of it m¡ pudet mer¿diem eius; I’m ashamed to say m¡ pudet arouse (feelings) exagit§re, suscit§re; d¿cere arouse suspicion suspici«nem ask rog§re, pet·« |ere pet¿v¿ pet¿tus; (for mov·e« |¡re m«v¿ m«tus; arouse information) quaer« quaerere from sleep ¡ somn« excit§re quaes¿v¿ quaes¿tus; ask about arrest s preh¡nsi·« |«nis f (someone, something) d¡ (aliqu«) rog§re; ask a few questions pauca arrest tr prehen·d« |dere |d¿ |sus quaerere; ask further questions arrival advent·us |»s m quaerere ultr§; ask s.o. s.th. aliquem 274 Conversational Latin

aliquid rog§re; ask s.o. for s.th. ab N«n cor omn¿n« hab¡s; at least aliqu« aliquid rog§re; ask the utique; at most summum; at once teacher (student) a question continu«, moment«; at the house of docentem (discentem) interrog§re; apud (+ acc) ask the price of an item mercis Athens Ath¡n·ae |§rum fpl pretium inqu¿r·« |ere inqu¿s¿v¿ inqu¿s¿tus; ask this question hoc athlete §thl¡t·a |ae m, §thl¡tri·a |ae f; quaerere; he asked me whether like an athlete §thl¡tic¡ quaes¿vit § m¡ (or d¡ m¡ or ex m¡) athletic §thl¡tic·us |a |um; athletic num; he asked you a question ille t¡ competition §thl¡t§rum cert§m·en interrog§vit; I want to ask you this |inis n hoc t¡ rog§re vol«; why do you ask athletics §thl¡tic·a |ae f me that? quid m¡ istud rog§s? Atlantic Atlantic·us |a |um; Atlantic asparagus asparag·us |¿ m Ocean Atlanticus «cean·us |¿ m, assault s v¿s f (acc: vim; abl: v¿); accuse Atlanticum mar·e |is n s.o. of assault (and battery) aliquem atrium §tri·um |¿ n d¡ v¿ (et man») acc»s§re; commit assault against vim facere in (+ acc) atrocious atr·«x |«cis assault tr vim facere in (+ acc) attack s (of illness) impet·us |»s m, accessi·« |«nis f; (verbal) pet¿ti·« assembly concili·um |¿ n |«nis f; (mil) oppugn§ti·« |«nis f assign assign§re attack tr oppugn§re, adorior ador¿r¿ assignment p¡ns·um |¿ n; (written) adortus sum; (verbally) impugn§re; praescr¿pt·um |¿ n; do the (of a disease) occup§re assignment p¡nsum (or attend tr (to be present at) inter·sum praescr¿ptum) per·ig« |igere |¡g¿ |esse |fu¿ (+ dat); (school) |§ctum frequent§re ¶ intr attend to operam assistant assist·¡ns |entis mf dare (+ dat); I’ll certainly attend to it dab« equidem operam assistant principal see principal attention (anim¿) attenti·« |«nis f; pay associate soci·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) attention animum atten·d« |dere |d¿ asthma asthm·a |atis n |tus; pay attention! attende! (pl: astrologer astrolog·us |¿ m attendite!) or animum attende! (pl: anim«s attendite!); pay attention to astrology astrologi·a |ae f what I am saying! dict¿s me¿s astronaut astronaut·a |ae m, attende! (pl: attendite!) astronautri·a |ae f attentive attent·us |a |um, ¡r¡ct·us |a astronomer astrolog·us |¿ m |um astronomy astronomi·a |ae f, astrologi·a attic subt¡gul§ne·um |¿ n |ae f attitude gest·us |»s m; I don’t like your astute ast»t·us |a |um attitude gestus tuus mihi displicet at apud (+ acc); at all pr«rsum, omn¿n«: attorney cognit·or |«ris m, cognitr·¿x you have no common sense at all |¿cis f; appoint an attorney to s.o. General Vocabulary 275

cognit«rem alicui adscr¿b·« |ere B adscr¿ps¿ adscr¿ptus baby ¿nf·§ns |antis mf attract concili§re, trah·« |ere trax¿ baby carriage ch¿ramaxi·um |¿ n tractus back s terg·um |¿ n; back of the attractive lepid·us |a |um; ( esp. in classroom posterior par·s |tis f looks) speci«s·us |a |um, venust·us concl§vis schol§ris; back of the head |a |um occipiti·um |¿ n; get off my back! audiocasette ph«nocas¡t·a |ae f apage t¡ § dors« me«! audiotape ph«notaeni·a |ae f back tr fav·e« |¡re f§v¿ faut»rus (+ dat) audiovisual aid aud¿v¿sificum back door post¿c·um |¿ n subsidi·um |¿ n backhand (tennis) ¿ct·us |»s m inversus August m¡ns·is |is m Augustus; in backpack mantic·a |ae f August m¡nse August« back seat s¡d·¡s |is f posterior aunt (father’s side) amit·a |ae f; backside (anat) cl»n·¡s |ium mpl, nat·¡s (mother’s side) m§terter·a |ae f |ium fpl; (facetiously) post¿c·um |¿ n austere asp·er |era |erum, aust¡r·us |a backstroke nat§ti·« |«nis f resup¿na |um backward (mentally) lent·us |a |um author auct·or |«ris m, auctr·¿x |¿cis f; (writer) scr¿p·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis backwards retr« f); classical author classicus scr¿ptor bacon lard·um |¿ n automobile autoraed·a |ae f, auto- bad mal·us |a |um, improb·us |a |um, c¿n¡t·um |¿ n [used interchangeably] ali¡n·us |a |um; (weather) advers·us |a |um, grav·is |is |e; feel (very) bad available: be available praest« [indecl] about (vald¡) dol·e« |¡re |ui d¡ (+ esse abl); too bad about Edward male avalanche l§b¿n·a |ae f niv§lis d¡ Eduard«; wine is bad for you average adj modic·us |a |um v¿num est ali¡num tibi average s on the average medi§ habit§ badminton l»d·us |¿ m pilae pinn§tae; rati«ne; peraequ¡ play badminton pil§ pinn§t§ l»dere (see Chapter V) aw, keep quiet! au, tac¡! bag sacc·us |¿ m; (small bag) saccul·us awake: be awake vigil§re; be awake all |¿ m; (handbag) bulg·a |ae f night pervigil§re baggage car curr·us |¿ m sarcin§rius away: away with you! ab¿ abhinc!; be baggage cart ch¿ramaxi·um |¿ n far away long¡ abesse; go away sarcin§rum ab·e« |¿re |i¿ or |¿v¿; he’s away abest baggage check c»r§ti·« |«nis f awesome! m¿r§bile! sarcin§rum awful d¿r·us |a |um bagpipes »tricul§ri·um |¿ n; play the awkward inconcinn·us |a |um bagpipes »tricul§ri« l»dere aye yai yai! heu heu! bait esc·a |ae f 276 Conversational Latin bake coqu·« |ere cox¿ coctus; torr·e« banish (worries, cares) exim·« |ere |¡re |u¿ tostus; in furn« coquere ex¡m¿ ex¡mptus; (a person) baker p¿st·or |«ris m, p¿str·¿x |¿cis f, extermin§re p§nif·ex |icis m, p§nific·a |ae f banister adminicul·um |¿ n bakery p¿str¿n·a |ae f, furn§ri·a |ae f bank argent§ri·a |ae f, tabern·a |ae f argent§ria; (of a river) r¿p·a |ae f; balance beam tign·um |¿ n aequil¿bri¿ manage a bank argent§riam bald calv·us |a |um moder·or |§r¿ moder§tus sum; the bald head calviti·um |¿ n Tiber overflowed its banks Tiberis super r¿p§s eff»sus est ball (dance) salt§ti·« |«nis f bank account rati·« |«nis f argent§ria ball pil·a |ae f; (inflated) foll·is |is m; catch the ball pilam or follem bank book libell·us |¿ m compars«rum, argent§riae libell·us |¿ m excip·i« |ere exc¡p¿ exceptus; kick the ball follem pede puls§re; play banker argent§ri·us (·a |ae f) ball pil§ or folle l»dere; throw the banking business argent§ri·a |ae f; run ball pilam or follem conic·i« |ere a (big) banking business coni¡c¿ argent§riam (maximam) facere ball field camp·us |¿ m l»s«rius bank manager argent§riae moder§·tor ball game l»s·us |»s m pilae (or follis) |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) ballot tabell·a |ae f, suffr§gi·um |¿ n; bank teller argent§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) cast a ballot suffr§gium fer« ferre bank window «stiol·um |¿ n tul¿ l§tus argent§rium ballot box suffr§gi«rum cist·a |ae f bankrupt: go backrupt d¡coqu·« |ere d¡cox¿ d¡coctum ballpoint pen stil·us |¿ m sphaer§tus bankruptcy d¡cocti·« |«nis f; declare baloney farcim·en |inis n; baloney! bankruptcy bonam c«piam ¡i»r§re f§bulae! bar oec·us |¿ m p«t«rius; (of chocolate bamboozle verba dare (+ dat); you or soap) quadrul·a |ae f; barroom bamboozled me mihi verba d¡dist¿ oec·us |¿ m p«t«rius; bar stool banana ari¡n·a |ae f, ban§n·a |ae f; he sed¿l·e |is n praealtum, seliquastr·um wants to be top banana vult s¡ esse |¿ n; bartender ministr§·tor |t«ris m pr¿mum omnium r¡rum (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f), ¿nservit·or |«ris m; serve at the bar in i»dici¿s vers§r¿; band symph«ni·a |ae f, concent·us |»s in for« agere m m»sicus barbecue tr in cr§ticul§ ass§re bandage s fasci·a |ae f barbecue grill cr§ticul·a |ae f bandage tr (an arm, etc.) lig§re, d¡lig§re; (a wound) adstrin·g« |gere barber t«ns·or |«ris m |x¿ adstr¿ctus barber chair sell·a |ae f t«ns«ria bang (noise) strepit·us |»s m barber shop t«nstr¿n·a |ae f bangs (of hair) anti·ae |§rum fpl barely vix General Vocabulary 277 bargain preti·um |¿ n speci§le; buy at a bat s (club) cl§v·a |ae f (l»s«ria); (bird) good bargain bene em·« |ere ¡m¿ vespertili·« |«nis m ¡mptus bath balne·um |¿ n; public bath baritone cant·or |«ris m v«cis gravis, therm·ae |§rum fpl barytonist·a |ae m bathe tr (a sore limb) fov·e« |¡re f«v¿; bark intr latr§re; bark at allatr§re (a person) lav§re ¶ intr lav§r¿ bark s latr§t·us |»s m bathroom balne·um |¿ n; (small) balneol·um |¿ n; (toilet) l§tr¿n·a |ae f; barley horde·um |¿ n (public toilet) foric·a |ae f barn horre·um |¿ n bathroom sink l§bell·um |¿ n barnyard coh·ors |ortis f bath towel gausapin·a |ae f barometer barometr·um |¿ n bathtub soli·um |¿ n, l§br·um |¿ n barracks m¿litum contuberni·um |¿ n battalion cohors, cohortis f barrel (of pottery or wood) doli·um |¿ n; battalion commander praefect·us |¿ m (wooden) c»p·a |ae f cohortis base bas·is |is f; first (second, third, batter clav§t·or |«ris m, clavatr·¿x |¿cis home) base basis pr¿ma (secunda, f, puls§t·or |«ris m, puls§tr·¿x |¿cis f tertia, summa); play first (second, battery accumul§tr·um |¿ n third) base apud pr¿mam (secundam, tertiam) basim l»dere (see Chapter V) battle pugn·a |ae f, proeli·um |¿ n; the battle of (at or near a town) baseball (the ball itself) basipil·a |ae f; proelium apud or ad or circ§ (+ acc); (the sport) l»d·us |¿ m basipilae; a fight a battle proelium facere; in baseball game basipilae l»s·us |»s battle proeli«, aci¡; naval battle off m, basipilae cert§men |inis n; play Tenedos pugna n§v§lis ante baseball basipil§ l»dere Tenedum; successful battle proelium baseman (first, second, third) (pr¿mus, secundum secundus, tertius) basi§ri·us |¿ m (·a battlefield aci·¡s |¡¿ f |ae f) bay sin·us |»s m, recess·us |»s m basement hypog¡·um |¿ n bay window pr«iect»r·a |ae f basic training rud¿menta npl m¿lit§ria be sum esse fu¿ fut»rus, exst·« |§re; be basics element·a |«rum npl here, be present adsum adesse adfu¿; basin aqu§l·is |is m(f) be off to abe« |¿re |i¿ |itum hinc ad (+ acc); be fine bene s¡ hab¡re; basket corb·is |is m; make a basket val·e« |¡re |u¿; be up for sale v¡n·e« follem per corbem iac·i« |ere i¡c¿ |¿re |i¿; be up in years aet§te basketball corbifoll·is |is m; play pr«vect·us |a |um esse; be up to a basketball corbifolle l»dere (see task oper¿ par esse Chapter V) beach l¿t·us |oris n bass viol contr§bass·um |¿ n beach chair sell·a |ae f l¿tor§lis (or bat tr & intr cl§v« puls§re cubit«ria) 278 Conversational Latin beak r«str·um |¿ n bed-ridden val¡t»din§ri·us |a |um beam trabs, trabis f bedroom dorm¿t«rium cubicul·um |¿ n bean fab·a |ae f; (kidney bean) bedspread opert«ri·um |¿ n, peristr«m·a phas¡l·us |¿ mf |atis n bear tr fer·« ferre tul¿ l§tus; (children, bee ap·is |is f; bees buzz ap¡s bombilant young) par·i« |ere peper¿ partus; (to beef b»bul·a |ae f; roast beef b»bula tolerate) toler§re; bear in mind assa record§r¿ beehive alve·us |¿ m bear urs·us |¿ m, urs·a |ae f; bears grunt urs¿ grunniunt beer cervisi·a |ae f bear cub ursae catul·us |¿ m beer glass hyal·us |¿ m cervis§rius beard barb·a |ae f beer mug urce·us |¿ m cervis§rius beat tr (with fists, clubs) (pugn¿s, beet b¡t·a |ae f f»stibus) caed·« |ere cec¿d¿ caesus; before adv ante§ (eggs) coagit§re; beat up conc¿d·« |ere |¿ conc¿sus; (in combat, in before conj antequam, priusquam (+ competition) vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ victus; indic) beat the daylights out of pulchre before prep ante (+ acc); (directly in percopol§re ¶ intr beat around the front of) pr« (+ abl); before daylight bush circumiti«ne »t·or |¿ »sus sum ante l»cem; before long propediem; beautician «rn§tr·¿x |¿cis f before now anteh§c beautiful pulch·er |ra |rum, form«s·us begin incip·i« |ere inc¡p¿ inceptus; |a |um begin at incipere ab (+ abl); begin to beauty pulchrit»d·« |inis f bloom fl«r¡sc·« |ere; to begin with pr¿mum enim beaver fi·ber |br¿ m beginning pr¿ncipi·um |¿ n; at the because quod, quia, quoniam beginning of the year pr¿ncipi« ann¿; become f¿« fier¿ factus sum ineunte ann«; from the very becoming dec·¡ns |entis beginning iam inde § pr¿ncipi« bed lect·us |¿ m; (small) lectul·us |¿ m; behave (to act) s¡ ger·« |ere gess¿; bed of roses ros§ri·um |¿ n; be behave oneself s¡ prob¡ gerere confined to bed lect« ten·eor |¡r¿ behind prep post (+ acc); (with verbs of tentus sum; get out of bed ¡ lect« motion) p«ne (+ acc); (in the rear of) sur·g« |gere |r¡x¿; go to bed cubitum § terg« (+ gen) ¿re; make the bed lectum (or behind s (anat) post¿c·um |¿ n lectulum) stern·« |ere str§v¿ str§tus bedbug scin¿ph·is |is m believe cr¡d·« |ere cr¡did¿ cr¡ditum (+ dat); believe me mihi cr¡de bed covers str§gul·a |«rum npl bell camp§n·a |ae f; (small bell) bedding str§gul·a |«rum npl tintinn§bul·um |¿ n; bell tower bed frame spond·a |ae f camp§n¿l·e |is n General Vocabulary 279 bellow (or low) b«§re; m»g·i« |¿re |¿v¿ bicycle handlebars manubri·um |¿ n or |i¿ |¿tum bicycle pedal ped§l·e |is n belly alv·us |¿ f bicycle seat sessibul·um |¿ n belt cingul·um |¿ n; z«n·a |ae f (wide bicylist birot§ri·us |¿ m, birot§ri·a |ae f belt, usu. of cloth, used by men and women with a tunic; often used as big magn·us |a |um; ampl·us |a |um; money belt) talk big ampull§r¿ bench scabell·um |¿ n, scamn·um |¿ n big-hearted magnanim·us |a |um bend intr s¡ flect·« |ere flex¿; bend big-mouth: big-mouth! «s d»rum!; he down (or over) (stoop) s¡ incl¿n§re was always a big-mouth semper d»rae buccae fuit bend s (of a river) flex·us |»s m big toe poll·ex |icis m berry bacc·a |ae f bike see bicycle besides adv porr«, praetere§ besides prep praeter (+ acc) bile b¿l·is |is f besiege (blockade) a town oppidum bill (parl) rog§ti·« |«nis f; (of money obs¿d·« |ere obs¡d¿ obsessus owed) rati·« |«nis f d¡bit¿; (paper money) numm·us |¿ m chart§reus, best adv maxim¡; (especially) schedinumm·us |¿ m; ten-dollar bill potissimum nummus chart§reus decem best s do one’s best pr« vir¿l¿ parte; dollar«rum make the best of it aequ« anim« fer« biographer v¿tae (alic»ius) scr¿p·tor ferre tul¿ l§tus; to the best of one’s |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f); biograph·us abilty pr« v¿ribus |¿ m (·a |ae f) best adj optim·us |a |um; (friend) biographical biographic·us |a |um summ·us |a |um; it is best to optimum est (+ inf) biography v¿t·a |ae f, biographi·a |ae f bet s sp«nsi·« |«nis f; (the stake) biological biologic·us |a |um; biological pign·us |oris n warfare bell·um |¿ n biologicum bet tr I bet he has taken off p«n« eum biologist biolog·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) ab¿visse; I bet you he doesn’t win t¡ biology biologi·a |ae f sp«nsi«ne pr«voc« illum n«n esse vict»rum bird av·is |is f egg «v·um |¿ n better adj it’s better to commodius est feather penn·a |ae f (+ inf); there, that’s better! em istuc flap the wings §l¿s plaud·« |ere r¡ctius!; where is your better half? plaus¿ plausum ubinam est tua altera? flight vol§t·us |»s m better adv melius fly vol§re; fly away §vol§re better s it’s for the better in melius est land (on) ¿ns¿d·« |ere ¿ns¡d¿ (+ dat) nest n¿d·us |¿ m; build a nest beyond ultr§ (+ acc) n¿dific§re bicycle birot·a |ae f; ride a bicycle sing can·« |ere cecin¿ cantum birot§ veh·or |¿ vectus sum song cant·us |»s m 280 Conversational Latin

tail caud·a |ae f blame s culp·a |ae f; push the blame on wing §l·a |ae f culpam in (+ acc) c«nfer« c«nferre contul¿ coll§tus birth n§tivit·§s |§tis f blame tr culp§re, inc»s§re; blame s.o. birthday di·¡s |¡¿ m n§t§lis (or simply for aliquem culp§re ob (+ acc); I am n§t§l·is |is m); Happy Birthday! to blame in culp§ sum; I don’t F¡l¿cem N§t§lem (tibi exopt«) blame you tibi n«n improper« birthday cake l¿b·um |¿ n n§t§licium bland l¡n·is |is |e birthday party n§t§lici·a |ae f; give blanket l«d·¿x |¿cis f; blanket of snow (throw) a birthday party n§t§liciam tegim·en |inis n niveum dare (agit§re) blast fl§t·us |»s m birthday present n§t§lici·um |¿ n bleachers for·¿ |«rum mpl birth place n§t§lis loc·us |¿ m bleat (of sheep, rams) b§l§re bishop episcop·us |¿ m blender m§chin·a |ae f conc¿s«ria bit: a bit of advice (food) aliquid bless (eccles.) bene·d¿c·« |d¿cere |d¿x¿; c«nsili¿ (cib¿) bless you! d¿ t¡ ament!; (after s.o. bite mors·us |»s m; (of a snake, insect) has sneezed) salv¡! or sal»tem! ict·us |»s m; a bite to eat gustul·us |¿ blind caec·us |a |um m blind alley fundul·a |ae f bite tr mord·e« |¡re momord¿ morsus; blindness caecit·§s |§tis f (of a snake, insect) ¿c·« |ere |¿ ictus blinds (on window) tr§nsenn·a |ae f bitter acerb·us |a |um; (in taste) vol»bilis; close (open) the blinds am§r·us |a |um tr§nsennam aperi« |¿re |u¿ (d¡mitt·« |ere d¡m¿s¿ d¡missus) bitterly: complain bitterly graviter queror quer¿ questus sum; cry block (of a city) v¿c·us |¿ m; s (sports) bitterly graviter lacrim§re, »bertim obstructi·« |«nis f fle« fl¡re fl¡v¿ block tr & intr (sports) obst« obst§re bitterness acerbit·§s |§tis f; (esp. of obstit¿ (+ dat), obstru·« |ere obstrux¿ taste) am§rit»d·« |inis f obstructus blockhead (slang) caud·ex |icis m black §t·er |ra |rum; (shiny black) nig·er |ra |rum blond fl§v·us |a |um black and blue l¿vid·us |a |um; black blood sangu·is |inis m; (outside the and blue mark l¿v·or |«ris m body) cru·or |«ris m blackbird merul·a |ae f (see bird) blood pressure press»r·a |ae f sanguinis; high blood pressure blackboard tabul·a |ae f §tra, tabul·a hypert«ni·a |ae f |ae f scr¿pt«ria bloodshot: he has bloodshot eyes ocul¿ bladder v¡s¿c·a |ae f eius sanguine suff»s¿ sunt blade l§min·a |ae f blouse p¡l»si·a |ae f, bl»s·a |ae f General Vocabulary 281 blow fl§re; blow hard perfl§re bomb s missil·e |is n dirump¡ns, bludgeon s f»st·is |is m bomb·a |ae f; atomic bomb bomba atomica; nuclear bomb bomba bludgeon tr f»ste (or f»stibus) conc¿d·« nucle§ris |ere conc¿d¿ conc¿sus; bludgeon to death f»stig§re bomb tr missilibus dirumpentibus concut·i« |ere concuss¿ concussus blueberry vacc¿ni·um |¿ n bombastic bull§t·us |a |um blunt (not sharp) heb·es |etis; (abrupt) inurb§n·us |a |um bomber §eroplan·um |¿ n bombiferum bond (on the stockmarket) chr¡mato- bluntly l¿berius graph·um |¿ n blurt out effut·i« |¿re bone os, ossis n blush ¡rub¡sc·« |ere ¡rubu¿ book li·ber |br¿ m bluster (boasting) iact§ti·« |«nis f book bag mantic·a |ae f libr§ria blustery vent«s·us |a |um book binder gl»tin§t·or |«ris m boar ap·er |r¿ m; boars grunt apr¿ bookcase biblioth¡c·a |ae f; built-in grunniunt bookcase biblioth¡ca pariet¿ ¿nserta board (of wood) tabul·a |ae f; (food) book cover tegiment·um |¿ n libr¿ vict·us |»s m; (council) c«nsili·um |¿ n; room and board m§nsi·« |«nis f bookkeeper actu§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) et vict·us |»s m bookmark s (comput) not·a |ae f board tr (a ship, vehicle, airplane) bookseller bibliop«l·a |ae mf ¿nscend·« |ere |¿ in (+ acc) bookshelf plute·us |¿ m, pegm·a |atis n boarding school oecotroph¡·um |¿ n libr§rium boardwalk ambul§cr·um |¿ n in l¿tore bookstore libr§ri·a |ae f; bibliopol·a |ae boastful iact·§ns |antis f body corp·us |oris n boorish agrest·is |is |e bodyguard satell¿t·¡s |um mpl boot p¡r·« |«nis m (of rawhide, reaching up to the calf, worn by peasants, boil tr fervefac·i« |ere fervef¡c¿ shepherds, soldiers); calig·a |ae f fervefactus; boil thoroughly ¡lix§re (worn by soldiers of lower rank) ¶ intr bull§re, ferv·e« |¡re ferbu¿; it makes my blood boil facit ut sanguis booting up (comput) initi§ti·« |«nis f ab ¿r§ ferv¡scit syst¡matis boiled ¡lix·us |a |um boot up (comput) initi§re syst¡ma bold aud·§x |§cis booze t¡m¡t·um |¿ n boldness aud§ci·a |ae f border f¿n·is |is m, c«nf¿ni·um |¿ n bolt s (on a door) ser·a |ae f, pessul·us border on atting·« |ere (+ acc) |¿ m; bolt of lightning fulmen n bore s molest·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); don’t fulminis be a bore n¡ s¿s odi«sus (-a) bolt tr bolt the door «stium obser§re bore tr obtund·« |ere obtud¿ obt»sus 282 Conversational Latin boring taedi«sus |a |um bowling lane vi·a |ae f c«n§ria born: be born n§sc·or |¿ n§tus (-a) sum bowling pin c«n·us |¿ m (l»s«rius) borrow m»tu·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; borrow box pugi(l)l§re money at interest pec»niam faenor¿ boxer pugil, pugil·is m m»tu§r¿ boxing pugil§t·us |»s m, pugil§ti·« |«nis bosom sin·us |»s m; (of a female) f (see Chapter V) mamill·ae |§rum fpl boxing champion pugilum r¡x, r¡gis m boss (owner) domin·us |¿ m; (coll) ipsim·us |¿ m, ipsim·a |ae f boxing glove caest·us |»s m both uterque utraque utrumque; both of boxing match pugil§t«rium cert§m·en us [lit:, “each” of us] uterque |inis n nostrum boxing ring suggest·us |»s m bother (annoy) exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus; pugil§t«rius don’t bother n«l¿ t¡ (pl: n«l¿te v«s) boyfriend (or girlfriend) am·§ns |antis mov¡re; don’t bother me n¡ mihi mf molestus (-a) s¿s boyhood pueriti·a |ae f, aet·§s |§tis f bothered exercit§t·us |a |um puer¿lis; from boyhood on § puer« bothersome molest·us |a |um bra strophi·um |¿ n, mamill§r·e |is n boundary f¿n·is |is m; (dividing line) bracelet armill·a |ae f (worn on the discr¿m·en |inis n; at the boundary upper arm by the Romans) between Italy and Switzerland ad discr¿men Italiae et Helv¡tiae brag s¡ iact§re; brag about iact§re; he brags too much about his money bounded: on the east it is bounded by pec»niam nimis iactat … ab oriente clauditur (+ abl) brain cerebr·um |¿ n; brains corcill·um bowels alv·us |¿ f |¿ n, cor, cordis n; she’s got brains bowl intr globum volut§re, c«n¿s l»dere; corcillum habet bowl a strike omn¡s c«n«s (simul) brake s suffl§m·en |inis n; apply the pr«stern·« |ere pr«str§v¿; go bowling brake rot§s suffl§min§re ¿re l»sum c«n«rum brake lights (autoraedae) l»min·a |um bowl s cr§t·¡r |¡ris m, lanx, lancis f; npl post¿ca (large with handles) cat¿n·us |¿ m; (smaller) catill·us |¿ m brake pedal ped§l·e |is n suffl§minis bowling c«n«rum l»s·us |»s m, brandy v¿n¿ spirit·us |»s m c«nil»di·um |¿ n (see Chapter V) brat proc·§x |§cis p»si·« |«nis m, bowling alley c«n«rum vi·a |ae f; (the frust·um |¿ n puer¿ (or puellae) room) oec·us |¿ m c«n«rum l»s»s; bray (of a mule) rud·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tum (the building) aedifici·um |¿ n c«n«rum l»s»s bread p§n·is |is m; loaf of bread p§nis bowling ball glob·us |¿ m l»s«rius; breadcrumb m¿c·a |ae f p§nis globus m c«n«rum breaded saligne·us |a |um General Vocabulary 283 breadth l§tit»d·« |inis f; in breadth in brief brev·is |is |e; make it brief! in l§tit»dinem pauca c«nfer! break tr (arm, dish, law, treaty, one’s briefly breviter, summ§tim, pauc¿s word) frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus; (a (verb¿s); to put it briefly ut breviter law) viol§re; (silence, law) rump·« d¿cam |ere r»p¿ ruptus; break one’s word fidem frangere ¶ intr break into a bright: (beaming) nitid·us |a |um; home dom»s pariet¡s perfod·i« |ere (smart) l»culent·us |a |um; (eyes) perf«d¿ perf«ssus veget·us |a |um; (day, sky) ser¡n·us |a |um; (moon, stars, gems) l»cid·us breakfast ient§cul·um |¿ n; eat |a |um; breakfast ient§re; ient§culum s»m·« |ere |ps¿ |ptus brilliant! sophos!; doct¡!; absolutely brilliant! imm« doct¡! breaking and entering, break-in effr§ct»r·a |ae f bring (along) affer« afferre attul¿ breast (of a female) mamm·a |ae f, all§tus; bring about effic·i« |ere mammill·a |ae f eff¡c¿ effectus, c«nfici«; bring oneself to (do s.th.) animum ind»c·« breast stroke nat§ti·« |«nis f pr«na |ere ind»x¿ ut (+ subj); bring to breath: catch one’s breath respir§re; order in «rdinem c«g·« |ere co¡g¿ anh¡litum recipere co§ctus breathe sp¿r§re; breathe in ¿nsp¿r§re; broad l§t·us |a |um breathe out exsp¿r§re broadcast s ¡missi·« |«nis f breeze ventul·us |¿ m, aur·a |ae f broadcast tr ¡mitt·« |ere ¡m¿s¿ ¡missus brew tr brew beer cerevisiam coqu·« |ere cox¿ coctus ¶ intr there is some broadcast station ¡mistr·um |¿ n trouble brewing nesci« quid mal¿ brocade s¡ric·um |¿ n aur« (or argent«) concinn§tur intextum (or intertextum) brewery (of beer) brac¿n·a |ae f broil torr·e« |¡re |u¿ tostus bribe s preti·um |¿ n broke: be broke solvend« n«n esse bribe tr corrump·« |ere corr»p¿ brooch f¿bul·a |ae f corruptus brook r¿vul·us |¿ m bribery corrupt¡l·a |ae f; (in politics) ambit·us |»s m; influenced by broom sc«p·ae |§rum fpl bribery corrupt·us |a |um broth i»s, i»ris n, i»scul·um |¿ n brick adj laterici·us |a |um brother fr§·ter |tris m brick s lat·er |eris m (coct¿lis = baked); brother-in-law (sister’s husband) lay bricks later¡s stru·« |ere strux¿ mar¿t·us |¿ m sor«ris; (husband’s structus brother) l¡·vir |vir¿ m bricklayer laterum str»ct·or |«ris m brown fusc·us |a |um bride n»pt·a |ae f browse (comput) (the Web) n§vig§re; bridegroom mar¿t·us |¿ m (text documents) perl»str§re 284 Conversational Latin browser (comput) (Web viewer) bulletin board tabul·a |ae f p»blica n§vig§tr·um |¿ n; (viewer of text bully grass§t·or |«ris m documents) perl»str§tr·um |¿ n bump: bump against offend·« |ere |¿; bruise s cont»si·« |«nis f bump into s.o. (meet accidentally) bruise tr contund·« |ere contud¿ alicui occurr·« |ere |¿ cont»sus bumper cont·us |¿ m t»t«rius brunette fusc·us |a |um bun coll£r·is |idis f brush s p¡nicul·us |¿ m bundle up (against the cold) s¡ bene brush tr verr·« |ere |¿; brush the teeth oper·i« |¿re |u¿ dent¡s purg§re bunker (golf) obst§cul·um |¿ n; (mil) bucket situl·a |ae f; come down in subterr§neum castell·um |¿ n buckets »rce§tim cad·it |ere cecidit burden on·us |eris n; place the whole c§s»rus; rain buckets »rce§tim burden on my shoulders mihi omne pluere; kick the bucket animam onus imp«nere ¡bull·i« |¿re |¿v¿ bureau ministeri·um |¿ n; (chest) buckle up s¡ accing·« |ere acc¿nx¿; arm§ri·um |¿ n buckle up! t¡ accinge (pl: v«s burglar effr§ct·or |«ris m, (parietum) accingite) perfoss·or |«ris m buddy convict·or |«ris m; contubern§lis burglary (dom»s) latr«cini·um |¿ n; |is mf commit a burglary pariet¡s buffalo »r·us |¿ m perfod·i« |ere perf«d¿ perf«ssus bug c¿m·ex |icis m burn tr ur·« |ere »ss¿ »stus; (burn to buggy c¿si·um |¿ n; ride in a buggy ashes) crem§re; burn down d¡urere c¿si« veh·or |¿ vectus sum ¶ intr ard·e« |¡re |u¿ build exstru·« |ere exstrux¿ exstructus, burner disc·us |¿ m coct«rius aedific§re burst out laughing r¿sum effund·« |ere builder struct·or |«ris m, aedific§t·or eff»d¿ |«ris m bury the hatchet (fig) simult§tem building aedifici·um |¿ n; put up a d¡p«n·« |ere d¡posu¿ building aedificium exstru·« |ere bus raed·a |ae f longa, coenautoc¿n¡t·um exstrux¿ exstructus |¿ n building material aedific§nd¿ materi·a bus driver coenautoc¿n¡t¿ gubern§·tor |ae f |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) bull taur·us |¿ m; (slang) f§bul·§e |§rum bush: don’t beat around the bush n«l¿ fpl; bull’s eye scop·us |¿ m medius; (pl: n«l¿te) sch¡m§s loqu¿; he didn’t sling the bull (slang) c«nf§bul·or beat around the bush n¿l |§r¿ |§tus sum circumiti«ne »sus est bullet gl§ns, glandis f plumbea bushed: be bushed d¡·fici« |ficere |f¡c¿ bulletin libell·us |¿ m; (message) |fectus n»nti·us |¿ m bushel medimn·us |¿ m General Vocabulary 285 business adj neg«ti§l·is |is |e button s globul·us |¿ m; (comput) business s neg«ti·um |¿ n; be engaged pl¡ctr·um |¿ n in business in neg«ti« vers·or |§r¿ button tr globul¿s string·« |ere str¿nx¿ |§tus sum; do (or carry on) business str¿ctus neg«ti·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; I always buttonhole s.o. aliquem preh¡ns§re mind my own business neg«tium ag« semper meum; it’s my (your, buy em·« |ere ¡m¿ ¡mptus; par§re (from etc.) business to see what’s going on s.o. d¡ aliqu«); buy at a bargain meum (tuum, etc.) est vid¡re quid bene emere ag§tur; run a business neg«tium buyer ¡mpt·or |«ris m, ¡mptr·¿x |¿cis f exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus; put s.o. out of buzz (of a bee, horsefly) bombil§re business aliquem d¡ neg«ti« d¡ic·i« |ere d¡i¡c¿ d¡iectus; transact by (a certain time, not later than) ad (+ business with s.o. neg«tium cum acc); by January ad m¡nsem aliqu« tr§ns·ig« |igere |¡g¿ |§ctus; I§nu§rium; by myself per m¡; by that’s none of your business nihil now iam; by the way obiter ad t¡ attinet; what business is it of bye bene val¡ (pl: val¡te) yours? quid id ad t¡ attinet? bypass circuit·us |»s m business card chartul·a |ae f neg«ti§lis bystander pers«n·a |ae f m»ta; among business district empori·um |¿ n the bystanders in circumstantibus business establishment (with its byte (comput) oct¡t·us |¿ m premises) neg«ti§ti·« |«nis f business letter epistul·a |ae f neg«ti§lis C businessman neg«ti§t·or |«ris m cabbage brassic·a |ae f, cramb·¡ |¡s f businesswoman neg«ti§tr·¿x |¿cis f cabinet (of advisors) summum bust im§g·« |inis f c«nsili·um |¿ n; (furniture) busy occup§t·us |a |um, neg«ti«s·us |a zoth¡cul·a |ae f |um; be busy sat·ag« |agere |¡g¿ cabinet member c«nsili§ri·us |¿ m (·a busy: busy oneself with vers·or |§r¿ |ae f) vers§tus sum in (+ abl) cackle (of geese) gring·i« |¿re; (of hens) busybody ard¡li·« |«nis mf gracill§re but sed, v¡rum; (when objecting to or cafe caf¡·um |¿ n correcting a previous statement) at cafeteria refect«ri·um |¿ n butcher lani·us |¿ m (see chapter on cage cave·a |ae f food) cahoots: be in cahoots with s.o. cum butcher shop lani¡na |ae f aliqu« coll»·d« |dere |s¿ butter b»t£r·um |¿ n cake placent·a |ae f; (esp. for birthdays) butter tr b»t£rum adhib¡re ad (+ acc) l¿b·um |¿ n butterfly p§pili·« |«nis m calculator m§chinul·a |ae f calcul§t«ria 286 Conversational Latin calendar calend§ri·um |¿ n; (in the cap pille·us |¿ m Roman period) fast·¿ |«rum mpl cape pr«mont«ri·um |¿ n; (clothing) calf vitul·us |¿ m, vitul·a |ae f; (anat) humer§l·e |is n s»r·a |ae f capital cap·ut |itis n call (name) n«min§re, voc§re, appell§re, capital letter s litter·a |ae f grandis d¿cere, nuncup§re; (summon) ad s¡ (opp: littera min»ta); littera voc§re; arcess·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus; call m§iuscula (opp: minuscula) roll n«mina cit§re; call up the troops ¡voc§re c«pi§s capital punishment supplici·um |¿ n capitis; suffer capital punishment callous d»r·us |a |um supplici« capitis afficior affic¿ callousness d»riti·a |ae f affectus sum calm adj placid·us |a |um captain (of a ship) nauarch·us |¿ m calm s tranquillit·§s |§tis f vent¿, car autoc¿n¡t·um |¿ n, (auto) raed·a |ae f malaci·a |ae f (used interchangeably); car door raedae «stiol·um |¿ n; car key cl§vis calmly aequ« anim« |is f acc¡ns¿va; car wash raedae camel cam¡l·us |¿ m; camel’s hump lav§ti·« |«nis f; (place) raedae gibb·er |eris m lav§t«ri·um |¿ n; drive a car raedam camera ph«tom§chin·a |ae f, m§chinul·a gubern§re or agere; get (buy) a car |ae f ph«tographica raedam compar§re; go by (or in a) car raed§ e« ¿re ¿v¿ or i¿; put the car camp castr·a |«rum npl; camp ground into the garage raedam in camp·us |¿ m tent«rius recept§cul« colloc§re; ride in a car campaign intr (pol) amb·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or raed§ vehor veh¿ vectus sum; stop |i¿ |itum the car raedam sist« sistere stit¿; campaign s expediti·« |«nis f; (pol) take (or go for) a ride in a car pet¿ti·« |«nis f gest§ti«nem raed§ facere; take s.o. by car aliquem raed§ d»cere can aux. v. possum posse potu¿, que« qu¿re qu¿v¿ or qui¿ carbon copy exempl·ar |§ris n carboneum can s v§scul·um |¿ n stanneum card chartul·a |ae f; (playing card) canal foss·a |ae f chartul·a |ae f l»s«ria; (ace b¿ni·« canary fringill·a |ae f Can§ria (see bird) |«nis m; jack pedisequ·us |¿ m; joker chartul·a |ae f fort»n§ns; king cancer can·cer |cr¿ m r¡x, r¡gis m; queen r¡g¿n·a |ae f; candid candid·us |a |um, apert·us |a club crux, crucis (gen pl: crucum) f; |um diamond r»t·a |ae f; heart cor, candidate candid§t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), cord·is n; spade p§l·a |ae f); card pet¿·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) game chartul§rum (l»s«ri§rum) l»s·us |»s m; play cards chartul¿s candy cuppedi·ae |§rum fpl; piece of (l»s«ri¿s) l»dere; shuffle (cut, deal) candy dulciol·um |¿ n the cards chartul§s misc·e« |¡re |u¿ canvas textil·e |is n; a painting on m¿xtus (s¡p«n·« |ere s¡posu¿ canvas p¿ct»ra in textil¿ s¡positus, distribu·« |ere |u¿); suit General Vocabulary 287

col·or |«ris m; trick vic¡s fpl (»nae, s¿ r¡s s¿c habet; in any case b¿nae, tr¿nae, quaternae); trump utcumque; in case you have not … col·or |«ris m prael§tus; intr s¿ minus … ; in no case chartul§s fer·i« |¿re haudqu§quam; in that case igitur; e« care c»r·a |ae f; (diligence) d¿ligenti·a c§s»; lose a case causam per·d« |ae f; take good care of your |dere |did¿; plead a case causam health! c»r§ d¿ligenter val¡t»dinem ag·« |ere ¡g¿; settle a case (out of tuam! court) l¿tem comp«n·« |ere composu¿ compositus; win a case care for (like) c»r§re; for all I care me§ caus§ (or i»dici«) vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ caus§; I don’t care about such victus; since that’s the case quae things ista n«n c»r«; I don’t care for cum ita sint; that’s not the case n«n her ea me« cord¿ n«n c§ra est; I ita r¡s est don’t care to say more n«n libet cash argent·um |¿ n present§rium, pl»ra d¿cere; I don’t really care as numer§t·um |¿ n; I need cold cash long as … me§ n¿l r¡fert dum (+ opus mihi est numm¿s calid¿s; pay indic); take care of (treat) c»r§re; $10 in cash for d¡numer§re decem take care of yourself c»r§ ut vale§s dollar«s praesent§ri«s pr« (+ abl) (pl: c»r§te ut vale§tis); what do I care! quid me§! cashier arc§ri·us |¿ m, arc§ri·a |ae f carefree s¡c»r·us |a |um casino ale§t«ri·um |¿ n careful d¿lig·¡ns |entis casserole coct«ri·um |¿ n careless inc»ri«s·us |a |um cassette cas¡t·a |ae f; (for video) cas¡ta magn¡toscopica carelessness inc»ri·a |ae f cassette recorder cas¡toph«n·um |¿ n carpenter fa·ber |br¿ m tign§rius cast a shadow: umbrae respond·e« |¡re carpet tap¡t·um |¿ n |¿; the tree cast a ten-foot shadow carrot car«t·a |ae f arbor umbrae decem pedum respondit carry ger« gerere gess¿ gestus; (luggage) cast a vote suffr§gium fer« ferre tul¿ b§iul§re; don’t get carried away l§tus with enthusiasm n«l¿ (pl: n«l¿te) cat f¡l·is or f¡l·¡s |is f, catt·a |ae f, studi« efferr¿. catt·us |¿ m; cats meow f¡l¡s f¡liunt; cartilage cartil§g·« |inis f cats purr f¡l¡s murmurant carve sculp·« |ere |s¿ |tus catch s there’s a catch to it enim istaec case (container) th¡c·a |ae f; (gram) capti« est; what’s the catch? quid c§s·us |»s m; (leg) caus·a |ae f, l¿s, est capti«? l¿tis f; a noun in the genitive case catch tr (fish) capt§re; (baseball) n«men genit¿v« c§s», (or more excip·i« |ere exc¡p¿ exceptus; (what rarely) n«men c§s»s genit¿v¿; as is one has said) exaud·i« |¿re |¿v¿; generally the case ut c«nsuet»d« est; catch a cold grav¡dine affl¿g·or |¿ civil case causa pr¿v§ta; criminal affl¿ctus sum; catch hell conv¿cium case causa p»blica; in that case e« hab¡re; catch red-handed flagrant¿ c§s»; igitur; get off my case! n¡ mihi d¡lict« d¡prehen·d« |dere |d¿ |sus; molestus (-a) s¿s!; if that’s the case catch sight of c«nspic·i« |ere 288 Conversational Latin

c«nspex¿; catch up with c«n·sequor ceiling t¡ct·um |¿ n; (arched or vaulted) |sequ¿ |sec»tus sum; I didn’t quite camer·a |ae f; (paneled) lac»n·ar catch what you said n«n satis |§ris n exaudi¡bam dicta tua; let me catch celebrate celebr§re my breath, please sine resp¿rem, celery hel¡osel¿n·um |¿ n quaes« cellar cell§ri·um |¿ n subterr§neum; catcher except·or |«ris m, exceptr·¿x hypog¡·um |¿ n |¿cis f cello violoncell·um |¿ n caterpillar ¡r»c·a |ae f; (machine) cell phone t¡leph«nul·um |¿ n port§bile vehicul·um |¿ n ¡r»c§tum cement caement·um |¿ n catsup see ketchup cemetery coem¡t¡ri·um |¿ n cattle bov·¡s |um mpl (dat & abl pl: censor c¡ns·or |«ris m b«bus or b»bus); (collective) pec·us |oris n; cattle bellow (or low) bov¡s census popul¿ rec¡ns·us |»s m m»giunt; head of cattle pec·us cent cent¡sim·a |ae f; I don’t owe |oris n anyone a red cent assem aer§rium cauliflower brassic·a |ae f Pomp¡i§na n¡min¿ debe« central medi·us |a |um cause tr fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus; (pain, swelling, war) move« mov¡re m«v¿ central heating calefacti·« |«nis f m«tus; (stir up) excit§re; what centr§lis caused him to leave? quid f¡cit ut century saecul·um |¿ n ab¿ret? cereal cere§l·e |is n causeway agger, aggeris m viae certain cert·us |a |um; a certain person caution cauti·« |«nis f; exercise caution qu¿dam, quaedam; I don’t know for cav·e« |¡re c§v¿ cautum certain n«n cert« (or certum) sci«; I take it as certain pr« cert« habe« cautious caut·us |a |um certainly cert¡, profect«; (in replies to cavalry equit§t·us |»s m denote emphatic agreement) s§n¡; (in cave spec·us |»s m answers) cert« cavern sp¡lunc·a |ae f chain cat¡n·a |ae f; (small chain, esp. used for ornament) catell·a |ae f; the CD compactus disc·us |¿ m Apennines extending in an CD player discoph«n·um |¿ n unbroken chain from the Alps to … Apenn¿nus m«ns perpetu¿s iug¿s CD-ROM orbicul·us |¿ m opticus ab Alpibus tend¡ns ad (+ acc) CD-ROM drive ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n chair (normally without back or arm- orbicul¿s legend¿s rests) sell·a |ae f; (w. rounded back) cease-fire ind»ti·ae |§rum fpl; call for a arciselli·um |¿ n; arm of a chair cease-fire ind»ti§s posc·« |ere anc·« |«nis m; back of a chair poposc¿; the cease-fire is holding. arc·us |»s m sellae ind»tiae d»rant . chairlift t¡lepheric·a |ae f sell§ris General Vocabulary 289 chairman magis·ter |tr¿ m charming (esp. to the eye) amoen·us |a chalk cr¡t·a |ae f |um; (cute) bell·us |a |um; (beautiful) venust·us |a |um; (in manner) chamber pot lasan·um |¿ n, matell·a |ae lepid·us |a |um f chartreuse chlor¿n·us |a |um chance (opportunity) potest·§s |§tis f; by chance forte, c§s»; he didn’t give chaste cast·us |a |um, pud¿c·us |a |um me a chance to answer mihi n«n chat intr fabul·or |§r¿ |§tus sum potest§tem dedit responend¿ chat s have a chat with c«nf§bul§r¿ cum chancellor cancell§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) (+ abl) chandelier lampadum corymb·us |¿ m chatter balbut·i« |¿re; my teeth are change s m»t§ti·« |«nis f; (coins) chattering dentibus crepit« numm·¿ |«rum mpl min«r¡s, chauffeur autoraed§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) nummul¿ mpl; change of heart anim¿ cheap v¿l·is |is |e; be dirt cheap pr« m»t§ti«; for a change variet§tis caus§ lut« esse change tr m»t§re; (buses, trains, cheaply parv« or v¿l¿ preti«; more planes) m»t§re (autoraed§s long§s, cheaply min«ris preti¿ tr§mina, §ëroplana); change one’s cheat fraud§re; (in school) f»rtim mind sententiam m»t§re ¶ intr exscr¿b·« |ere exscr¿ps¿; cheat m»t§r¿; the wind changed ventus s¡ someone out of his money aliquem vertit argent« fraud§re changing (weather) vari·us |a |um check s syngraph·a |ae f; (bill) rati·« channel can§l·is |is m, can§licul·us |¿ |«nis f numm§ria; cash a check m; (arm of the sea) fr¡t·um |¿ n arc§ri« syngrapham praeb·e« |¡re |u¿ solvendam; write a check chapter cap·ut |itis n syngrapham perscr¿b·« |ere perscr¿ps¿ character m«r·¡s |um mpl, indol·¡s |is f check tr (investigate) scr»t·or |§r¿ |§tus character witness advoc§t·us |¿ m (·a sum, invest¿g§re; (mark with a check |ae f) mark) vigul§ not§re; (to indicate an charge s cr¿m·en |inis n; capital charge error) vigul§ c¡ns«ri§ not§re; check capit§le cr¿men; false charge luggage sarcin§s mand§re; check off calumni·a |ae f; bring or file (make a check mark at) not§re; check charges against s.o. cr¿mina alicui out (inquire into) inqu¿r·« |ere ¿nfer« ¿nferre intul¿ ill§tus inqu¿s¿v¿ inqu¿s¿tus in (+ acc) charge tr (rush against) incurr·« |ere |¿; check into a hotel n«men in tabul§s charge a price for pretium d¡vers«ri¿ refer« referre retul¿; check c«nstitu·« |ere |¿ (+ dat); charge s.o. out of a hotel § d¡vers«ri« disc¡d·« with a crime aliquem cr¿mine (or d¡ |ere disc¡ss¿ (post rati«nem cr¿mine or cr¿minis) argu·« |ere |¿ comp«nendam) arg»tus checker latruncul·us |¿ m; checkers charm amoenit·§s |§tis f, lep·us |«ris m; (game) latruncul«rum l»d·us |¿ m; (jewelry) amul¡t·um |¿ n play checkers latruncul¿s l»dere; 290 Conversational Latin

jump (an opponent’s checker) chicken gall¿n·a |ae f, (gall¿n§ceus) tr§nsil·i« |¿re |u¿; king r¡x, r¡gis m pull·us |¿ m; (as food) gall¿n§ce·a |ae f check mark (indicating error) virgul·a |ae f c¡ns«ria chicken coop gall¿n§ri·um |¿ n cheek gen·a |ae f chicken-hearted m»ricid·us |a |um cheer intr accl§m§re chief (principal) pr¿nc·eps |ipis cheer s cl§m·or |«ris m; cheers! pr«sit! chief of police praefect·us |¿ m vigilum cheer up tr (ex)hilar§re, laetific§re ¶ children l¿ber·¿ |«rum mpl intr cheer up! hab¡ (pl: hab¡te) chilly fr¿gidul·us |a |um; it’s getting animum bonum! chilly aër fr¿g¡scit cheerful hilar·us |a |um chimney f»m§ri·um |¿ n cheerfulness hilarit»d·« |inis f chin ment·um |¿ n cheese c§se·us |¿ m China fictilia Sin¡nsium v§s·a |«rum npl cheese cake savill·um |¿ n chirp (birds) p¿pil§re, p¿p§re; chef archimag¿r·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) (grasshoppers) fritinn·i« |¿re chemical adj chemic·us |a |um chisel s scalpr·um |¿ n chemical s chemic·um |¿ n chisel tr scalpr« caed·« |ere cec¿d¿ chemist ch¡mic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) caesus; chisel s.o. out of (cheat) aliquem ¡mun·g« |gere |x¿ |ctus (+ chemistry chemi·a |ae f, chemic·¡ |¡s f abl) cherry ceras·um |¿ n chives porr·um |¿ n sect¿vum cherry pie cerasa npl in cr»st« cocta chocolate socol§t·a |ae f; (drink) p«t·us chess l»d·us |¿ m sc§c«rum, |»s m socol§tae sc§cil»di·um |¿ n; castle s turr·is |is chocolate bar tabell·a |ae f socol§tae f; tr adrocc§re; checkmate r¡gem chocolate pudding erne·um |¿ n ten·e« |¡re |u¿; checkmate! cav¡ socol§teum r¡g¿!; chessboard sc§c§ri·um |¿ n; choice adj exquis¿t·us |a |um, ¡l¡ct·us |a play chess sc§c¿s l»dere (see Chapter |um V) choice s opti·« |«nis f; the choice is chest (anat) pect·us |oris n; (box) yours opti« tua est arm§ri·um |¿ n; (for clothes) vesti§ri·um |¿ n choir chor·us |¿ m chestnut adj (of horse only) badius choir director chor¿ magis·ter |tr¿ m (·tra |ae f) chestnut s castane·a |ae f choir loft aps·is |idis f chewing gum cumm·is |is f mastic§bilis chore p¡ns·um |¿ n; do chores p¡nsa chew out (scold) pil§re facere chick pull·us |¿ m Christmas Eve pr¿di¡ n§t§lem Chr¿st¿ General Vocabulary 291

Christmas f¡st·um |¿ n n§tivit§tis circumference circuit·us |»s m; the Chr¿st¿; celebrate Christmas crater measures 500 feet in n§t§lem Chr¿st¿ diem celebr§re; circumference cr§t¡r patet circuit» Merry Christmas! faustum ac qu¿ngent«s ped¡s f¡l¿cem Chr¿st¿ n§t§lem (tibi cistern cistern·a |ae f exopt«)!; fausta f¡sta n§t§licia Chr¿st¿ (tibi exopt«)! citadel ar·x |cis f Christmas gift n§t§licium m»nuscul·um citizen c¿v·is |is mf; my fellow citizens |¿ n (or d«n·um |¿ n); give c¿v¡s me¿; private citizen (who holds (exchange, receive, wrap) no political office) pr¿v§t·us |¿ m Christmas gifts offerre (inter s¡ citizenship c¿vit·§s |§tis f dare, accipere, involvere) n§t§licia city (physical entity) urb·s |is f; c¿vit·§s m»nuscula |§tis f Christmas holidays f¡ri·ae |§rum fpl city council decuri«n·¡s |um mpl n§t§liciae; spend the Christmas holidays (vacation) f¡ri§s n§t§lici§s civil c¿v¿l·is |is |e; civil rights i»·s |ris n agere c¿v¿le; deprive s.o. of civil rights aliquem capite d¡minu·« |ere |¿; loss Christmas tree arb·or |oris f n§t§licia; (taking away) of civil rights decorate the Christmas tree with d¡min»ti·« |«nis f capitis lights, balls, and tinsel arborem n§t§liciam ¿gnicul¿s et globul¿s et civilian adj tog§t·us |a |um, pr¿v§t·us |a |um lamin¿s argente¿s orn§re civilian s tog§t·us |¿ m, pr¿v§t·us |¿ m chronic long·us |a |um civilized h»m§n·us |a |um chronological order «rd·« |inis m temporis; in chronological order claim (say) praedic§re; (demand) serv§t« temporis «rdine postul§re; claim as one’s own vindic§re chubby corpulent·us |a |um clam my·ax |acis m chum sod§l·is |is mf clam shell myacis test·a |ae f church eccl¡si·a |ae f clamp c«nf¿bul·a |ae f cider v¿n·um |¿ n m§l¿num clamp down on (fig) comp¡sc·« |ere cigar sigar·um |¿ n clarinet t¿bi·a |ae f cl§r¿sona; play the cigarette sigarell·um |¿ n; pack of clarinet t¿bi§ cl§r¿son§ can·« |ere cigarettes capsell·a |ae f cecin¿ sigarell«rum; smoke a cigarette f»mum sigarell¿ s»g·« |ere s»x¿ clasp f¿bul·a |ae f cigarette lighter ignit§bul·um |¿ n class (in school) class·is |is f; (social) «rd·« |inis m; be at the head of the circulate circul§re; (of rumor, reports) class classem d»cere; first-class seat percr¡br¡c·« |ere precr¡bu¿ s¡d·¡s |is f pr¿mae classis; lower circulation (of blood) circul§ti·« |«nis f; class «rd« ¿nferior; middle class «rd« be in circulation (of books) in medius; second-class seat s¡d¡s manibus esse secundae classis; tourist-class seat 292 Conversational Latin

s¡d¡s turistica; upper class «rd« climb ascend·« |ere |¿, ¡scendere; climb superior; working class «rd« a tree in arborem ¡scendere; climb oper§rius the stairs per scal§s ascendere classical classic·us |a |um; classical clippers m§chinul·a |ae f capill¿s author scr¿pt·or |«ris m vetus et resecand¿s probus, scr¿ptor classicus cloak palli·um |¿ n (Greek item) classics auct«r·¡s |um mpl utr¿usque clock h«rologi·um |¿ n; the clock keeps linguae cl§rissim¿ good time h«rologium r¡ct¡ metitur; classroom concl§v·e |is n schol§re, look at the clock h«rologium schol·a |ae f ¿nspic·i« |ere ¿nspex¿; set the clock h«rologium temper§re; wall clock clause s membr·um |¿ n; main clause h«rologium pariet§rium; wind the «r§ti·« |«nis f [note: «r§ti« can be a clock h«rologium inten·d« |dere |d¿ main clause or a complete sentence] int¡nsus clean (the house, etc.) p»rg§re clogs sole·ae |§rum fpl ligneae cleaning rag drapp·us |¿ m close (comput) concl»d·« |ere |¿ clear cl§r·us |a |um; (unclouded) concl»sus ser¡n·us |a |um, s»d·us |a |um; closet vesti§ri·um |¿ n pariet¿ ¿nsertum (conscience) r¡ct·us |a |um cloth (as a fabric) text·um |¿ n; (a piece clear tr clear the table mund§re of cloth) pann·us |¿ m m¡nsam; clear out of here! hinc apage!; clear $1000 in the first year cloth-bound book lib·er |r¿ m l¿n« pr¿m« ann« mille dollar«s d¡terg·e« cont¡ctus |¡re d¡ters¿ d¡tersus; clear up clothe vest·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tus (difficulties) exped·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus ¶ clothes vest¿ment·a |«rum npl; habit·us intr clear up disser¡n§re |»s m (outfit of a particular class or clerk scr¿b·a |ae mf; (in a shop) occasion) tabern§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) clothes closet vesti§ri·um |¿ n (pariet¿ clever callid·us |a |um; very clever! ¿nsertum) (well said!) fac¡t¡ dictum! clothes hanger fulcim·en |inis n cleverness callidit·§s |§tis f vesti§rium click tr d¡prim·« |ere d¡press¿; puls§re; clothes hook unc·us |¿ m vesti§rius; left-click sinistr«rsum d¡primere; hang up (s.th.) on the clothes hook right-click dextr«rsum d¡primere; in unc« vesti§ri« suspend·« |ere |¿ double-click bis d¡primere or bis clothing vest¿t·us |»s m, vest¿ment·a puls§re |«rum npl client cli·¡ns |entis mf clothing store tabern·a |ae f vesti§ria climate cael·um |¿ n; hot (cold, cloud n»b·¡s |is f temperate, warm) climate ferv¡ns (fr¿gidum, temper§tum, tepidum) cloudy n»bil«s·us |a |um; become cael·um |¿ n; mild climate cloudy n»bil§re temperi·¡s |¡¿ f clown scurr·a |ae mf General Vocabulary 293 club f»st·is |is m; (social club) cohort coh·ors |ortis f sod§lici·um |¿ n coin s numm·us |¿ m cluck gl«c·i« |¿re coin tr (new words) (nova verba) fing·« clumsy incomposit·us |a |um |ere f¿nx¿ f¿ctus cluster (of islands, etc.) celebrit·§s |§tis cold adj (the most general word, applied f; (of grapes) »v·a |ae f to all degrees from pleasant coolness clutch ped§l·e |is n i»ncti«nis (or to severe cold; also, dispassionate) c«pul§ti«nis) fr¿gid·us |a |um; ice-cold gelid·us |a |um; be or feel cold alge« alg¡re als¿, coach tr exercit§re; (a student) fr¿g·e« |¡re; get cold alg¡sc·« |ere, admon·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus fr¿g¡sc·« |ere; my hands and feet coach s (sports) exercit§·tor |t«ris m are cold man»s ped¡sque fr¿gent; (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) turn cold fr¿g¡sc·« |ere; very cold perfr¿gidus coal lap·is gag·as (gen: lapis gagatis) m, carb·« |«nis m cold s fr¿g·us |oris n, gel·» |»s n; (med) grav¡d·« |inis f; catch a cold coal mine fod¿n·a |ae f carb«n§ria grav¡dinem con·trah« |trahere |trax¿ coast «r·a |ae f (maritima); off the coast |tractus; have a cold grav¡dine of ante (+ acc); on the coast in «r§ lab«r§re; liable to catch cold (maritim§) alsi«s·us |a |um coat amicul·a |ae f coldcuts conc¿s·a |«rum npl coat hook vestium unc·us |¿ m cold spell fr¿gor·a |um npl coat rack sustent§cul·um |¿ n vestium cold weather gel·u |»s n, tempest·§s cobweb ar§ne·a |ae f |§tis f fr¿gida or gelida Coca-Cola Cocac«l·a |ae f collar coll§r·e |is n cocain coca¿n·um |¿ n; snort cocain collective adj coll¡ct¿v·us |a |um coca¿num olfact§re college coll¡gi·um |¿ n cockpit cell·a |ae f §ëroplan¿ collision coll¿si·« |«nis f cockroach blatt·a |ae f colonel trib»n·us |¿ m m¿litum cocktail propoma, propomatis n, cinn·is color s col·or |«ris m |is m color tr (the hair, etc.) col«r§re, ting·« cocoa c«co·a |ae f |ere t¿nx¿ t¿nctus coffee caffe·a |ae f colt ecule·us |¿ m coffee break caffe§ria paus·a |ae f column column·a |ae f; (marching) coffee cup p«cill·um |¿ n caffe§rium agm·en |inis n coffee maker m§chin·a |ae f caffe§ria comb s pect·en |inis m coffee pot hirnul·a |ae f caffeae comb tr pect·« |ere pex¿ pexus; comb back repectere; comb the hair coffee set synthes·is |is f caffe§ria capillum (or capill«s or cr¿n¡s or coffin capul·us |¿ m, arc·a |ae f comam) pectere; comb out expectere 294 Conversational Latin combat proeli·um |¿ n, pugn·a |ae f; in commit (a crime) (scelus) committ·« hand-to-hand combat comminus |ere comm¿s¿ commissus [adv] committee concili·um |¿ n combatant proeli§t·or |«ris m common noun s n«m·en |inis n combination s compreh¡nsi·« |«nis f; a appell§t¿vum syllable is a combination of letters common sense: have common sense syllaba est compreh¡nsi« litter§rum cor hab¡re combine tr comp«n·« |ere composu¿ community c¿vit·§s |§tis f compositus; prepositions can be combined with verbs praepositi«n¡s compact disk (CD) compactus disc·us cum verb¿s comp«n¿ possunt |¿ m come ven·i« |¿re v¡n¿ ventum; come company (mil) centuri·a |ae f; keep about ¡ven¿re; come back soon red¿ each other company inter s¡ col·« (pl: red¿te) cito; come down with an |ere |u¿ illness morb« corrip·ior |¿ correptus company commander centuri·« |«nis m sum; come from ven¿re ab (+ abl), d¡r¿v§r¿ ab (+ abl); come here this comparative (degree) grad·us |»s m minute! conc¡de h»c §ct»tum!; come compar§t¿vus; in the comparative on! agedum!; come what may, we’ll compar§t¿v¡, in compar§ti«ne take it philosophically quod fors compare with compar§re cum (+ abl) feret, fer¡mus aequ« anim« comparison s compar§ti·« |«nis f comfort s lev§ti·« |«nis f compartment (in a train, plane) diaet·a comfort tr allev§re |ae f (pr¿mae, secundae classis) comfortable commod·us |a |um; make compass pyx·is |idis f magn¡tica yourselves comfortable rog« ut compassion cl¡menti·a |ae f v«b¿s su§viter sit compassionate cl¡m·¡ns |entis comics libell·¿ |«rum mpl p¿ctographic¿ compile comp«n·« |ere composu¿ coming: he’s got what’s coming to him compositus habet quod sibi d¡b¡tur complain about quer·or |¿ questus sum comma s comm·a |atis n d¡ (+ abl) command s (comput) i»ss·um |¿ n complete c«nfic·i« |ere c«nf¡c¿ command tr (a legion, army) imper§re c«nfectus; (a year) expl·e« |¡re |¡v¿ (+ dat) |¡tus commander in chief imper§t·or |«ris m; complexion col·or |«ris m; having a be the commander in chief imperi¿ healthy complexion col«r§t·us |a summam ten·e« |¡re tenu¿ |um commence hostilities bell¿ initium composition scr¿pt»r·a |ae f, facere compositi·« |«nis f commerce commerci·um |¿ n compound adj composit·us |a |um (ut commercial (advertisement) “indoctus” uneducated) (opp: praec«ni·um |¿ n simplex, ut “doctus”) General Vocabulary 295 computer adj comput§tr§l·is |is |e, conduct business neg«tium agere; «rdin§tr§l·is |is |e conduct oneself (behave) s¡ ger·« computer s comput§tr·um |¿ n, |ere gess¿ «rdin§tr·um |¿ n conductor (of an orchestra) computer engineer m§chin§·tor |t«ris m symphoniac«rum magis·ter |tr¿ m; (of (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) comput§tr§lis a train) tr§minis c»r§t·or |«ris m computer game l»s·us |»s m conference congress·us |»s m comput§tr§lis; play a computer confide in c«nf¿d·« |ere c«nf¿sus sum (+ game l»sum comput§tr§lem l»dere dat) con tr verba dare (+ dat) confidence fid·¡s |e¿ f, f¿d»ci·a |ae f; concentrate all the troops in one place (esp. over-confidence, self- c«g·« |ere co¡g¿ co§ctus omn¡s confidence) c«nf¿denti·a |ae f; have c«pi§s in »num locum; concentrate confidence in fidem hab¡re (+ dat) on something animum in aliquid d¡f¿g·« |ere d¡f¿x¿ confident c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis; be concentration intenti·« |«nis f anim¿ confident c«nf¿d·« |ere c«nf¿sus sum concern s c»r·a |ae f confluence c«nflu·¡ns |entis m; at the confluence of the Tiber and the concern tr (to worry) sollicit§re; as far Anio inter c«nfluent¡s Tiberim et as I’m concerned per m¡; how does Ani«nem that concern you? quid id ad t¡ attinet?; it concerns me (you) me§ congratulate gr§tul·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (+ (tu§) r¡fert; it does not concern me dat) (you) me§ (tu§) minim¡ r¡fert congratulations! macte virt»te est«!; concerned about (for) sollicit·us |a |um gr§tul§ti«n¡s! d¡ (pr«) (+ abl); I’m not terribly concerned about … lab«r« n«n congress congress·us |»s m vald¡ d¡ (+ abl) conjugate tr d¡cl¿n§re concert concent·us |»s m; attend a conjugation s d¡cl¿n§ti·« |«nis f; (rarely concert concentu¿ adesse occurs) coniug§ti·« |«nis f concise brev·is |is |e conjunction s coni»ncti·« |«nis f concrete s concr¡t·um |¿ n connect tr c«nect·« |ere c«nexu¿ concrete noun s voc§bul·um |¿ n (opp: c«nexus appell§ti«) connection coni»ncti·« |«nis f; (comput) condemn condemn§re c«nex·us |»s m condition stat·us |»s m; (term of an conquer vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ victus; agreement) condici·« |«nis f; in conquer a country terr§ pot·ior |¿r¿ excellent condition habitissim·us |a pot¿tus sum |um; in good (bad) condition bene (male) habit·us |a |um; on condition conscience: bad conscience mala that e§ l¡ge ut (+ subj); physical c«nscienti·a |ae f; good conscience condition corporis habit·us |»s m m¡ns f c«nscia r¡ct¿ 296 Conversational Latin consent: give one’s consent permitt·« continual continu·us |a |um |ere perm¿s¿ (ut); without my continually continu¡ consent m¡ inv¿t« contract contrah·« |ere contr§x¿ conservative adj c«nserv§t¿v·us |a |um contractus; contract an illness conservative s c«nserv§t¿v·us |¿ m (·a morbum or adversam val¡t»dinem |ae f); conservatives (in ancient contrahere Rome) optim§t·¡s |ium mpl contradict contr§d¿cere (+ dat); consider: to consider it already done contradict oneself pugnantia loqu·or istuc iam pr« fact« hab¡re |¿ loc»tus sum consist of c«nst·« |§re c«nstit¿ (+ abl or control s (restraint) continenti·a |ae f; ex or d¡ + abl) (power) potest·§s |§tis f; out of consonant s c«nson·§ns |antis f control effr¡n§t·us |a |um constant c«nst·§ns |antis; (incessant) control tr contin·e« |¡re |u¿; control perpetu·us |a |um yourself! t¡ contin¡! constantly perpetu« convalesce conval¡sc·« |ere consternation c«nstern§ti·« |«nis f convenience: at your convenience tu« commod«; write me at your earliest constipated: be constipated alvum convenience scr¿be ad m¡ cum suppressam hab¡re commodissim¡ poteris constitution c«nstit»t·a |«rum npl convenient: when it will be convenient construct (with mechanical skill) for you cum erit tuum commodum fabric§re; (buildings) exstru·« |ere conversation serm·« |«nis f, exstrux¿ exstructus colloqui·um |¿ n; engage in construction s c«nstructi·« |«nis f conversation with serm«n¡s cum (+ consul c«nsul |is m; elect a consul abl) c«nfer« c«nferre contul¿ c«nsulem cre§re convict convinc·« |ere conv¿c¿ convictus consulship c«nsul§t·us |»s m; hold the (w. acc. of the person and w. gen of consulship c«nsul§tum ger·« |ere the charge); convicted of gess¿ manifest·us |a (+ gen); convict s.o. on many counts of fraud aliquem contempt contempt·us |»s m, mult¿s cr¿minibus fraudis convincere d¡spic§ti·« |«nis f; feel contempt for contemn·« |ere |ps¿; hold s.o. in conviction (for) condemn§ti·« |«nis f (+ contempt aliquem d¡spic§tum hab¡re gen of the charge) contemptuous (of) d¡spici·¡ns |entis (+ convince persu§d·e« |¡re persu§s¿ (+ gen) dat); I am firmly convinced that content (with) content·us |a |um (+ pl¡nus (-a) persu§si«nis sum (+ acc abl); to your heart’s content w. inf) arbitr§t» tu« coo (of a pigeon) gem·« |ere |u¿ contest s cert§m·en |inis n cook s coqu·us |¿ m, coqu·a |ae f continent par·s |tis f mund¿ [not cook tr coqu·« |ere cox¿ coctus; cook up contin¡ns, which means “mainland”] (fig) exc«git§re General Vocabulary 297 cookie cr»stul·um |¿ n correctly r¡ct¡ (opp: pr§v¡), ¡mend§t¡ cooking pot «ll·a |ae f (opp: viti«s¡); speak (spell) correctly r¡ct¡ loqu¿ (scr¿bere) cool fr¿gidul·us |a |um correlative adj rel§t¿vus |a |um (ut “t§lis cool off tr refr¿ger§re ¶ intr refr¿ger§r¿ … qu§lis” such … as) coolness (indifference) fr¿g·us |oris n correspond with epistul§rum coop up incl»·d« |dere |s¿ |sus; be commercium hab¡re cum (+ abl) cooped up in the house in aedibus correspondence epistul§rum coart§tus (-a) esse commerci·um |¿ n coordinate conjunction s coni»ncti·« corresponding secretary ab epistul¿s |«nis f c«pul§t¿va corridor ambul§cr·um |¿ n, andr·«n cope with p§r esse (+ dat); unable to |«nis m cope with imp§r esse (+ dat) cost intr c«nst·« |§re c«nstit¿ (+ gen of copier polygraph·um |¿ n indefinite price or abl of definite price); cost a lot (little, nothing, copy s exempl·um |¿ n, exempl·ar |§ris more, less) mult¿ (parv¿, gr§t¿s, n pl»ris, min«ris); c«nst§re; it costs copy tr exscr¿b·« |ere exscr¿ps¿ (from ex 100 denarii centum den§ri¿s constat + abl) (by cheating) cland¡st¿n«; cost s imp¡ns·a |ae f (with printer) exemplum (+ gen) couch lectul·us |¿ m t«ment« fartus; facere (semicircular) stibadi·um |¿ n Corinth Corinth·us |¿ f; gulf of Corinth cough intr tuss·i« |¿re sin·us |»s m Corinthiacus (or Corinthius) cough s tuss·is |is m; have a cough tuss·i« |¿re corkscew extr§cul·um |¿ n councilman decuri·« |«nis m corn ma¿zi·um |¿ n; corn on the cob ma¿zium |¿ n in sp¿c§ counsel i»risper¿t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) corner kick (soccer) ict·us |»s m count (leg) cr¿m·en |inis n angul§ris count tr numer§re; count up or out ¡numer§re; you can count on me corporal d¡curi·« |«nis mf potes n¿t¿ m¡ [abl]; you can count corpse cad§v·er |eris n on it that … erit tibi perspectum (+ correct adj r¡ct·us |a |um (opp: pr§vus), acc & inf); you don’t count extr§ ¡mend§t·us |a |um (free from faults), numerum es mihi corr¡ct·us |a |um (in the sense of country (as a political unit) r¡s p»blica “corrected”) (gen: re¿ p»blicae) f; (as a community) c¿vit·§s |§tis f; (native correct tr (esp. mistakes in writing) land) patri·a |ae f; (as a physical ¡mend§re; (a person or mistake) entity) f¿n·¡s |ium mpl; (as opposed corrig·« |ere corr¡x¿ corr¡ctus to city) r»s, r»ris n; from the correction corr¡cti·« |«nis f, ¡mend§ti·« country r»re; in the country r»r¿; to |«nis f the country r»s 298 Conversational Latin country road vi·a |ae f regi«n§lis crab (shellfish) can·cer |cr¿ m; (person) courage fortit»d·« |inis f mor«s·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) courageous fort·is |is |e crabbiness mor«sit·§s |§tis f course curs·us |»s m; (in school) curs·us crabby mor«s·us |a |um |»s m §cro§sium; (of a meal) crack s r¿m·a |ae f fercul·um |¿ n; along a winding crack tr find·« |ere f¿d¿ fissus; (nuts) course meante curs»; be driven off perfring·« |ere perfr¡g¿ perfractus ¶ course curs» excut·ior |¿ excussus intr r¿m§s agere sum; in due course mox; in the course of inter (+ acc); in the course cracked (crazy) cerr¿t·us |a |um of time pr«c¡dente tempore; of crack troops r«bor·a |um npl peditum, course profect«, quidem, nempe, c«pi·ae |§rum fpl ¡l¡ctissimae (also sarcastically) sc¿licet cradle c»n·ae |§rum fpl court i»dici·um |¿ n; (of a king) aul·a craft artifici·um |¿ n |ae f; court of appeal i»dicium appell§t«rium; hold court i»s d¿cere; craftsman fa·ber |br¿ m, artifex, take s.o. to court aliquem in artificis m i»dicium voc§re (or add»cere) craftsmanship artifici·um |¿ n courteous c«m·is |is |e cramp convulsi·« |«nis f courteously c«miter crane gr»s, gruis mf (see bird); courtesy c«mit·§s |§tis f (machine) tolenn·« |«nis m crash (comput) corr·uit corruere corruit courtesy call offici·um |¿ n crater cr§t·¡r |¡ris m courthouse basilic·a |ae f craving for appet¿ti·« |«nis f (+ gen) courtroom i»dici·um |¿ n crawl r¡p·« |ere r¡ps¿ r¡ptum; (esp. of courtyard §re·a |ae f; (in a Roman snakes) serp·« |ere |s¿ house) peristyli·um |¿ n crazy d¡l¿r·us |a |um; he’s crazy about cousin (brother’s child) patru¡l·is |is mf; her eam d¡perit; he’s crazy about (sister’s daughter) c«ns«br¿n·a |ae f; sports morb«sus est in l»d«s (sister’s son) c«ns«br¿n·us |¿ m cream cr¡m·um |¿ n cover tegiment·um |¿ n; (lid) opercul·um |¿ n; (shelter) suffugi·um credible cr¡dibil·is |is |e; be credible |¿ n; take cover suf·fugi« |fugere f¿dem hab¡re |f»g¿; under cover of darkness credit (com) fid·¡s |e¿ f; academic nocte adiuvante credit insign·e |is n acad¡micum; cover up (against the cold) oper·i« |¿re buy on credit fid¡ su§ emere; |u¿ |tus pec»ni§ haud praesent§ri§ emere; get academic credit for this course cow vacc·a |ae f; cows moo (or low) insigne acad¡micum mer¡re pr« h«c vaccae m»giunt curs» (§cro§sium); have good credit cowboy bubulc·us |¿ m (Americ§nus) bon§ fid¡ esse cozy commod·us |a |um credit card tabell·a |ae f tr¿b»t§ria General Vocabulary 299 credit hour h«r·a |ae f acad¡mica crow s corn·¿x |¿cis f; as the crow flies creek r¿v·us |¿ m m¡ns»r§ currente [lit: in a running measurement]; crows caw corn¿c¡s creep (term of contempt) larv·a |ae f; cr«citant (see bird) you give me the creeps facis ut horream crowd turb·a |ae f creep: it makes my skin creep facit ut cruel cr»d¡l·is |is |e horream cruelty cr»d¡lit·§s |§tis f crest (of a hill) iug·um |¿ n; (of animals, cry fle« fl¡re fl¡v¿; (of a baby) vag·i« helmet) crist·a |ae f |¿re; cry out to cl§m§re (+ dat); cry cricket gryll·us |¿ m; (game) l»d·us |¿ m over fl¡re bacul¿ et pilae; crickets chirp gryll¿ cucumber cucumis, cucumeris m str¿dent cue verb·um |¿ n monit«rium crime facin·us |oris n, scel·us |eris n; cr¿m·en |inis n (more often means culture h»m§nit·§s |§tis f merely the charge) cunning collubr¿n·us |a |um criminal adj facinor«s·us |a |um cup p«cul·um |¿ n, p«cill·um |¿ n; cup criminal s s«ns, sontis mf, cr¿min«s·us |¿ of coffee (of tea) pocill·um |¿ n m (·a |ae f) caffeae (theae) crisis discr¿m·en |inis n cupboard arm§ri·um |¿ n pariet¿ ¿nsertum critic critic·us |¿ m curable s§n§bil·is |is |e critical: the situation is critical r¡s est in summ« discr¿mine curb crep¿d·« |inis f viaria criticize reprehen·d« |dere |d¿ |sus cure s remedi·um |¿ n crocodile crocod¿l·us |¿ m cure tr s§n§re crook (thief) fur, furis m curiosity c»ri«sit·§s |§tis f crooked curv§t·us |a |um; (morally) curl cirr·us |¿ m, cincinnul·us |¿ m pr§v·us |a |um; (crafty) dol«s·us |a curl cr¿sp§re |um curler calamistr·um |¿ n crop up exsist·« |ere exstit¿; unless something new crops up nisi alquid curly cr¿sp·us |a |um, cirr§t·us |a |um, nov¿ exstiterit cincinnul·us |a |um; have curly hair cincinnul« capill« esse crops (standing grain) seg·es |etis f; (field produce) fr»g·¡s |um fpl current adj (in general use) »sit§t·us |a |um; (opinion) vulg§r·is |is |e cross-eyed strab·us |a |um cross one’s path alicui obviam ven¿re current s fl»m·en |inis n (in the sense of “the flow”); (electrical) ¡lectricum crossing (passage) tr§nsit·us |»s m fluent·um |¿ n; against the current crossroads compit·um |¿ n advers« fl»mine; with the current crow intr (of roosters) c»c»r·i« |¿re; s¡cund« fl»mine can·« |ere cecin¿ curriculum studi«rum curricul·um |¿ n 300 Conversational Latin cursor (comput) curs·or |«ris m Danube river Dan»vius amn·is |is m curtain (on a window or shower) dare aud·e« |¡re ausus sum (semi- v¡l·um |¿ n; (in a theater) aulae·a deponent) |«rum npl; draw the curtains v¡la daring aud·¡ns |entis, aud·§x |§cis obd»cere dark adj obsc»r·us |a |um; as soon as it curve (in a road, coast) §nfr§ct·us |»s m got dark pr¿m¿s tenebr¿s custody cust«di·a |ae f; be held in dark s after dark d¡ nocte; in the dark custody in cust«di§ hab·eor |¡r¿ per obsc»rum; I’m in the dark (fig) habitus sum; take into custody in mihi tenebrae sunt cust«diam tr§·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus darkness tenebr·ae |§rum fpl; darkness custom m«s, m«ris m fell tenebrae factae sunt customer ¡mp·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis darling (terms of endearment) d¡lici·ae f) |§rum fpl, corcul·um |¿ n, animul·us cut (hair) tond·e« |¡re totond¿ t«nsus; |¿ m (·a |ae f), ocell·us |¿ m, cut and paste (comput) sec§re et volupt·§s |§tis f; my darling (in gl»tin§re; cut it out! d¡sin§s! (pl: address) m¿ ocelle d¡sin§tis!); (more emphatic) d¡siste! darn: I don’t give a darn about that (pl: d¡sistite!); cut that out right (him, them) id (eum, e«s) n«n faci« now! supersed¡ ist¿s r¡bus iam; cut flocc¿ the talk! s¡greg§ serm«nem! darned: I’ll be darned if … male m¿ cute bell·us |a |um, bellul·us |a |um sit, s¿ …; I’ll be darned if I ever . . . cutlery ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl esc§ria male m¿ sit s¿ umquam (+ fut indic) cyberspace cyberspati·um |¿ n dashboard tabul·a |ae f indic§t«ria data dat·a |«rum npl D database (comput) dat«rum reposit«ri·um |¿ n dad, daddy tat·a |ae m date di·¡s |¡¿ f; by what date? quam ad daily adj c«t¿di§n·us |a |um diem? have a date with s.o. daily adv c«t¿di¡ c«nstit»tum cum aliqu« hab¡re; to date adh»c dainty d¡lic§t·us |a |um dative adj dat¿v·us |a |um daisy bell·is |idis f dative s dat¿v·us |¿ m, c§s·us |»s m dance intr salt§re dat¿vus dance s salt§ti·« |«nis f daughter f¿li·a |ae f dance band symph«niac·¿ |«rum mpl daughter-in-law nur·us |»s f salt§ti«nis dawn d¿l»cul·um |¿ n; at dawn pr¿m§ dancer salt§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) l»ce; before dawn antel»cul« danger per¿cul·um |¿ n; be in danger day di·¡s |¡¿ mf; a day, e.g., twice a (of) per¿clit§r¿ (+ abl) day bis (in) di¡; any day now dangerous per¿cul«s·us |a |um propediem; by day interdi»; day General Vocabulary 301

after day diem d¡ di¡, in singul«s deal tr (cards) distribu·« |ere |¿ ¶ intr di¡s; day and night et di¡s et noct¡s; with (topic) tract§re, agere d¡ (+ day off (from school) (ab schol§) abl); (a person) agere cum (+ abl); I f¡ri§tus di·¡s |¡¿ m; every day will deal with you later t¡cum mihi c«t¿di¡, in singul«s di¡s; from day to r¡s erit s¡rius day in di¡s; from that day on ex e« dealer merc·§ns |antis mf, merc§·tor di¡; just the other day n»per |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f); (of cards) quidem; one day (on a certain day in distrib»·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) the past) qu«dam di¡; on the day before he departed pr¿di¡ quam dean dec§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) ab¿ret; on the day before the Ides dear c§r·us |a |um pr¿di¡ ‡d»s; (on) the following day dearly (intensely) vald¡; (at great poster« di¡; on the third day before expense) magn¿ the Calends of March ante diem qu§rtum Kalend§s M§rti§s; the day death mor·s |tis f; condemn s.o. to after postr¿di¡; the day after that death aliquem capitis damn§re; put postr¿di¡ eius di¡¿; the day after s.o. to death supplicium d¡ aliqu« tomorrow perendi¡; the day before s»m·« |ere s»mps¿ s»mptus pr¿di¡; the day before yesterday death penalty supplici·um |¿ n capitis nudiustertius [adv]; till late in the death sentence: receive the death day ad multum diem; two days after sentence capitis damn§r¿ that post diem tertium eius di¡¿; these days h¿s temporibus debate s discept§ti·« |«nis f daybreak d¿l»cul·um |¿ n; at daybreak debate tr discept§re d¡ (+ abl) pr¿m§ l»ce; till daybreak in pr¿mam debt aes, aeris n ali¡num; be in debt in l»cem aere ali¡no esse; this has put me in daycare center n¡piag«gi·um |¿ n debt hoc mihi aes ali¡num attulit daydream hall»cin·or |§r¿ |§tus sum decathlon dec§thl·um |¿ n daydreamer hall»cin§t·or |t«ris m, deceitful fall·§x |§cis hall»nic§·tr¿x |tr¿cis f December m¡ns·is |is m December; in daylight l»x, l»cis f, di¡s, di¡¿ m; let in December m¡nse Decembr¿ the daylight diem admitt·« |ere decency decenti·a |ae f adm¿s¿ decent dec·¡ns |entis; do the decent DCD digit§lis compactus disc·us |¿ m thing fr»gem facere dead adj: I’m dead! interi¿! or peri¿! decide c«nstitu·« |ere |¿ c«nstit»tus; dead-end street fundul·a |ae f decide to or not to (of the senate, deaf surd·us |a |um; you’re preaching also of supreme magistrates) c¡ns·e« to deaf ears ad surd§s aur¡s cant§s |¡re |u¿ (ut or ne + subj) deal s (pact) pacti·« |«nis f; a good deal decision (a win in sports) praev§lenti·a of aliquantum (+ gen); it’s a deal |ae f p»nct«rum; make a (wise) pactam rem hab¡t« (pl: hab¡t«te); decision (sapienter) d¡cern·« |ere let’s make a deal pacti«nem d¡cr¡v¿ d¡cr¡tus faci§mus deck chair sell·a |ae f cubit«ria 302 Conversational Latin decked out ex«rn§t·us |a |um; why are degree s grad·us |»s m; (diploma) you all decked out? quam ob rem studi«rum dipl«m·a |atis n; positive s¿c sub«rn§t·us (-a) es? degree gradus posit¿vus; comparative degree gradus declaration d¡n»nti§ti·« |«nis compar§t¿vus; superlative degree declarative d¡cl§r§t¿v·us |a |um gradus superl§t¿vus declension s d¡cl¿n§ti·« |«nis f dejected d¡miss·us |a |um decline tr d¡cl¿n§re delete (comput) d¡l·e« |¡re |¡v¿ |¡tus decree of the senate sen§t»s c«nsult·um delicate d¡lic§t·us |a |um |¿ n; pass a decree of the senate delight d¡lect§re sen§t»s c«nsultum facere deliver (a speech) hab¡re; (mail) red·d« deep freezer arc·a |ae f gel§t«ria |dere |did¿ |itus; the mailman deep red coccine·us |a |um delivered the letter yesterday tabell§rius litter§s her¿ reddidit deep-seated ¿nsit·us |a |um demanding: be demanding multa exig« deer cerv·us |¿ m, cerv·a |ae f exigere ex¡g¿ defeat s (mil) cl§d·¡s |is f; (pol) repuls·a demented d¡m·¡ns |entis |ae f; a defeat at the polls comiti¿s repulsa; defeat in running for the democracy d¡mocrati·a |ae f consulship repulsa c«nsul§t»s; suffer democrat d¡mocrat·a |ae m, a defeat (pol) repulsam fer« ferre tul¿ d¡mocratri·a |ae f l§tus; (mil) cl§dem accipere democratic d¡mocratic·us |a |um defeat tr super§re, vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ victus demonstration pr«test§ti·« |«nis f defective adj viti«s·us |a |um; (gram) popul§ris d¡fect¿v·us |a |um demonstrative adj d¡m«nstr§t¿v·us |a defend d¡fend·« |ere |¿ d¡f¡nsus |um defendant re·us |¿ m, re·a |ae f denarius d¡n§ri·us |¿ m (worth about one dollar) defender (sports) d¡f¡ns·or |«ris m, d¡f¡nstr·¿x |¿cis f dense d¡ns·us |a |um defense lawyer d¡f¡ns·or |«ris m, densely populated region regi·« |«nis f d¡f¡nstr·¿x |¿cis f uberrimae multit»dinis defensive and offensive alliance dentist medic·us |¿ m dent§rius, medic·a |ae f dent§ria societ·§s |§tis f ad bellum d¡fendendum atque ¿nferendum facta denture prosthes·is |is f dent§lis defensive and offensive weapons t¡l·a deny ¿nfiti·or |§r¿ |§tus sum |«rum npl ad t¡gendum et ad depart abs·c¡d« |c¡dere |cess¿ |cessum nocendum department (academic) facult·§s |§tis f; define tr d¡f¿n·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus department of classics litter§rum definite adj f¿n¿t·us |a |um (opp: classic§rum facult§s ¿nf¿n¿tus) department store pantop«li·um |¿ n General Vocabulary 303 departure abscess·us |»s m detective inqu¿s¿·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis depend: it (all) depends on you t«tum f), ind§g§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) in t¡ positum est; it depends a lot on detergent l«ment·um |¿ n whether … pl»rimum r¡fert num … detour circuit·us |»s m; take a detour deponent s d¡p«n·¡ns |entis n, verb·um viam flect·« |ere flex¿ |¿ n d¡p«n¡ns develop (character, mind) c«nfirm§re; deposit money in a bank pec»niam in (improve) excol·« |ere excolu¿ argent§ri§ d¡p«n·« |ere d¡posu¿ excultus d¡positus devote oneself to s¡ dare (+ dat) depressed abiect·us |a |um; be dew r«s, r«ris m depressed abiect« anim« esse dial s (of a clock) tabul·a |ae f h«r§ria; depression abiecti·« |«nis f anim¿ (of a telephone) tabul·a |ae f deprive: deprive s.o. of aliquem pr¿v§re s¡l¡ct«ria (+ abl) dial tr s¡lig·« |ere s¡l¡g¿ s¡l¡ctus ¶ intr deranged (mind) comm«t·us |a |um; numerum s¡ligere (person) mente capt·us |a diaphragm praecordi·a |«rum npl derive tr (from) d¡riv§re (ab + abl) diarrhea alv·us |¿ f f»sa (or cita) desert d¡sert·a |«rum npl dictaphone dictaph«n·um |¿ n deserving (of) dign·us |a |um (+ abl) dictate dict§re desire cupidit·§s |§tis f dictation dict§ti·« |«nis f; take desk m¡ns·a |ae f scr¿pt«ria; (teacher’s dictation dict§ta exscr¿b·« |ere desk) pulpit·um |¿ n exscr¿ps¿ desktop (comput) (on the screen) in dictator dict§t·or |«ris m quadr« dictionary dicti«n§r·ium |¿ n, lexic·on despair intr (of) d¡sp¡r§re (d¡ + abl) |¿ n despair s d¡sp¡r§ti·« |«nis f die mor·ior |¿ mortuus sum desperate d¡sp¡r§t·us |a |um diesel D¿seli§n·us |a |um desperation d¡sp¡r§ti·« |«nis f diet intr vict»s rati«nem observ§re diet s vict»s rati·« |«nis f; be on a diet despicable d¡spic§t·us |a |um vict»s rati«nem observ§re despise d¡spic·i« |ere d¡spex¿ d¡spectus difference differenti·a |ae f; difference dessert bell§ri·a |«rum npl, secunda of opinion diss¡nsi·« |«nis f; how m¡ns·a |ae f much difference does it make? destination loc·us |¿ m d¡stin§tus quantum interest?; it makes no (a lot of) difference to me (you, etc.) destructive exiti«s·us |a |um whether … or n¿l (multum) me§ detail: go into a matter in detail rem (tu§, etc.) interest (or r¡fert) utrum per singula in·e« |¿re |i¿ or |¿v¿; in … an (+ subj); what’s the detail per singula, singul§tim; details difference anyhow! quid utique singul·a |«rum npl interest! or quid utique r¡fert? 304 Conversational Latin difficult difficil·is |is |e directory (comput) plic§rum ind·ex dig (a garden, well) fod·i« |ere f«d¿ |icis m f«ssus; dig a hole through perfodere dirt cheap pr« lut« (+ acc); dig up s.th. about quicquam dirty (clothes, shoes) immund·us |a ¡ru·« |ere |¿ d¡ (+ abl) |um; give s.o. a dirty look respic·i« digest con·coqu« |coquere |cox¿ |coctus |ere respex¿ aliquem minus famili§r¿ digestion concocti·« |«nis f vult»; dirty talk serm·« |«nis m obsc¡nus digital digit§l·is |is |e disagree: I strongly disagree with you digital clock h«rologi·um |¿ n digit§le vehementer § t¡ dissenti« dignified grav·is |is |e disappear ¡van¡sc·« |ere ¡vanu¿; dignity gravit·§s |§tis f, dignit·§s |§tis f disappear from sight ¡ c«nspect» diligence d¿ligenti·a |ae f auferor auferr¿ abl§tus sum diligent d¿lig·¡ns |entis disappoint frustr·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; I’ll not disappoint you n«n fallam dimensions m¡ns»r·a |ae f or m¡ns»r·ae op¿ni«nem tuam |§rum fpl disappointment (act) d¡stit»ti·« |«nis f; diminutive s d¡min»t¿v·um |¿ n (result) incommod·um |¿ n dine c¡n§re; dine out for¿s c¡n§re disapprove of improbr§re m dining car curr·us |»s c¡n§t«rius disarm s.o. aliquem arm¿s exu·« |ere |¿ dining couch lect·us |¿ m |»tus dining room tr¿cl¿ni·um |¿ n; (informal) discharge (mil) missi·« |«nis f; get an c¡n§ti·« |«nis f honorable discharge honestam dining table m¡ns·a |ae f esc§ria missi«nem impetr§re; get a dishonorable discharge missi«nem dinner c¡n·a |ae f; eat dinner c¡n§re, ign«mini«sam accipere c¡nam s»m·« |ere |ps¿ |ptus; have a roast for dinner assum in c¡n§ disciplinarian: a strict disciplinarian hab¡re; over dinner per c¡nam; ex§c·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) what are you having for dinner? gravissimus (-a) discipl¿nae quid in c¡n§ hab¡bis? discipline discipl¿n·a |ae f dinner clothes c¡n§t«ri·a |«rum npl, discotheque discoth¡c·a |ae f synthes·is |is f discount remissi·« |«nis f; five- (ten- dinnertime h«r·a |ae f c¡nand¿ twenty-) percent discount quin§rum dinosaur dinosaur·us |¿ m (d¡n§rum, vic¡sim§rum) cent¡sim§rum remissi« diocese dioec¡s·is |is f diphthong s diphthong·us |¿ f discuss disput§re d¡ (+ abl) diploma studi«rum dipl«m·a |atis n; get discussion disput§ti·« |«nis f a diploma studi«rum dipl«ma disease morb·us |¿ m mer·e« |¡re |u¿ disgrace d¡dec·us |oris n, ign«mini·a directly r¡ct§, per d¿r¡ctum |ae f; be a disgrace to d¡decor¿ esse General Vocabulary 305

(+ dat); that’s a darn disgrace! diving board tabul·a |ae f d¡sult«ria edepol facinus improbum est! divorce s d¿vorti·um |¿ n disgraceful d¡dec«r·us |a |um, divorce tr d¿vorti·um facere cum (+ abl) ign«mini«s·us |a |um dizziness vert¿g·« |inis f dish catill·us |¿ m; (open and flat) patin·a |ae f; (large) l§n·x |cis f; dizzy vert¿gin«s·us |a |um dishes (including pots and pans) do facere, agere; (the hair) c«m·« |ere v§s·a |«rum npl; wash the dishes c«mps¿ c«mptus; do in: he has done v§sa (coquin§t«ria) ¡lu·« |ere |¿ me in perdidit m¡; do one’s best ¡l»tus operam d« dare ded¿; do good: it will dishonorable d¡dec«r·us |a |um do you (a lot of, no) good pr«derit (multum, nihil) tibi; do right well dishwasher m§chin·a |ae f ¡l»t«ria r¡ct¡ val¡re; do s.o. in (ruin s.o.) disk (comput) disc·us |¿ m; floppy disk aliquem pessum dare; I don’t know discus flex¿bilis what to do quid faciam nesci«; it disk drive (comput) ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n won’t do to (+ inf) n«n satis est (+ discul¿s legend¿s inf); what else can I do? quid aliud diskette (comput) discul·us |¿ m faciam?; what more can I do? quid faciam amplius?; will this do? dismay c«nstern§ti·« |«nis f satin(e) est? dismiss d¿mitt·« |ere d¿m¿s¿ d¿missus doctor medic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); (as an disposition affect·us |»s m (anim¿) academic title) doct·or |«ris m, diss (slang) negleg·« |ere negl¡x¿ doctr·¿x |¿cis f negl¡ctus doctorate doct«r§t·us |»s m distance spati·um |¿ n; its distance doctor’s degree doct«ris grad·us |»s m from the sea is three miles abest § documentary document§ri·um |¿ n mar¿ tria m¿lia passuum dodge the draft m¿litiam subter·fugi« distant longinqu·us |a |um; be distant |fugere |f»g¿ from abesse ab (+ abl), dist§re ab (+ abl) dog can·is |is m; go to the dogs pessum e« ¿re |i¿ or |¿v¿ distinguished ill»str·is |is |e doing: what’s doing? quid agitur? distress dol·or |«ris m; (difficulty) angusti·ae |§rum fpl doll p»p·a |ae f district tract·us |»s m, ag·er |r¿ m dollar dollar·us |¿ m, dollari·um |¿ n distrust s (of) diff¿denti·a |ae f (+ gen) dolphin delph¿n·us |¿ m distrust tr diff¿d·« |ere diff¿sus sum done for: I’m done for! n»llus sum! or (semi-deponent) (+ dat) peri¿! dive (of a swimmer) praeceps d¡sil·i« donkey asin·us |¿ m |¿re |u¿; (to submerge) »r¿n·or |§r¿ door i§nu·a |ae f, «sti·um |¿ n; double |§tus sum doors for·¡s |ium fpl; folding doors diver »r¿n§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) valv·ae |§rum fpl; out of doors for¿s 306 Conversational Latin doorbell «sti¿ tintin§bul·um |¿ n; ring download (comput) ex r¡te prehen·d« the doorbell puls§bulum comprim·« |dere |d¿ |sus, ex r¡te exprom·« |ere |ere compress¿; the doorbell is |ps¿ |ptus ringing «sti¿ tintin§bulum tinnit down pat: you have the whole thing doorknob i§nuae man»bri·um |¿ n down pat «rdine omnem rem ten¡s door lock claustr·um |¿ n down payment arrab·« |«nis f; make a doorpost post·is |is m down payment of $20 (or pay $20 down) v¿gint¿ dollar«s arrab«n¿ dare doorstep l¿m·en |inis n downstairs (direction) deorsum; doorway «sti·um |¿ n (position) in ¿m« tabul§t«; go dormitory hospiti·um |¿ n (discipul«rum downstairs per sc§l§s d¡scend·« |ere or discipul§rum) |¿; he is downstairs in ¿m« tabul§t« est dorsal fin pinn·a |ae f dors§lis doze off in somnum d¡l§b·or |¿ d¡l§psus dose porti·« |«nis f; small dose sum portiuncul·a |ae f draft c«nscr¿b·« |ere c«nscr¿ps¿ double adj gemin§t·us |a |um: double c«nscr¿ptus “i” as in “arm§ri¿” “i” littera gemin§ta, ut arm§ri¿ draft s (mil) d¿l¡ct·us |»s m; hold a draft d¿l¡ctum hab¡re double s on the double curricul«; doubles (in tennis) l»d·us |¿ m bis draft-dodger qu¿ m¿litiam subterfugit b¿n«rum drag tr (comput) trah·« |ere tr§x¿ double home dom·us |»s f duplex tractus; drag out (a war) (bellum) trahere or pr«d»c·« |ere ¶ intr drag double room concl§ve |is n du«rum on trah·or |¿ lect«rum draw (water) (aquam) haur·i« |¿re haus¿ doubt s I have no doubt that … n«n haustus; (lines) (line§s) d»cere; (a mihi dubium est qu¿n (+ subj) picture) (im§ginem) d¡line§re: doubt tr & intr dubit§re (geometrical figures) form§s dove palumb·¡s |is f (see bird) (ge«metric§s) d¡scr¿b·« |ere d¡scr¿ps¿ downcast d¡iect·us |a |um; d¡miss·us |a drawbridge p«ns, pontis m sublev§bilis |um; be downcast iac·e« |¡re |u¿; drawer locul·us |¿ m, forul·us |¿ m with downcast eyes d¡iectus ocul«s reciprocus downhearted d¡miss·us |a |um; be dread form¿d§re downhearted anim« perculs« esse dreadful d¿r·us |a |um downhill adj d¡cl¿v·is |is |e, pr«cl¿v·is dress s vest·is |is f muliebris; (ankle- |is |e; it was all downhill after that length) vestis t§l§ris; (Roman) stol·a pr«cl¿via omnia erant postilla |ae f downhill adv per d¡cl¿ve; things are dress tr indu« induere indu¿ ind»tus, going downhill incl¿n§ta r¡s est vest·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tus; dress downhill racing d¡cursi·« |«nis f oneself, get dressed s¡ induere, s¡ simplex vest¿re ¶ intr dress up s¡ ex«rn§re General Vocabulary 307 dress shoes socc·¿ |«rum mpl, soccul·¿ fac!; drop it, please! mitt¡, am§b«!; |«rum mpl (for women, of different drop off to sleep obdorm¿sc·« |ere; colors and often decorated with let’s drop the subject missa haec gems) faci§mus dressing (on a salad) embamm·a |atis n; drug medic§m·en |inis n; (narcotic) Caesar (Blue Cheese, French, medic§ment·um |¿ n psychotropicum Italian, Russian, Thousand Island) druggist medic§ment§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae embamma Caesari§num (C§se¿ f), pharmacop«l·a |ae m (·ria |riae f) Caerule¿, Gallicum, Italicum, Russicum, Mille ‡nsul§rum) drugstore medic§ment§ri·a |ae f dressing table m¡ns·a |ae f c«m§t«ria drum tympan·um |¿ n; play the drum tympanum puls§re dressmaker vestific·a |ae f drummer tympanist·a |ae m (·ria |riae dribble tr (a basketball) repercutit§re f) dribbling repercuti·« |«nis f drunk ¡bri·us |a |um drifter larifug·a |ae m drunkenness ¡briet·§s |§tis f; (habitual drill s (tool) terebr·a |ae f; (in school) drunkenness) ¡bri«sit·§s |§tis f exerciti·um |¿ n; (mil) exercit§ti·« dry cleaner full·« |«nis m |«nis f dry cleaner’s (establishment) full«nic·a drill tr terebr§re; (students) ¿nstitu·« |ere |ae f |¿ ¿nstit»tus; (mil) exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus dryer (for hair; for clothes) ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n sicc§t«rium drink s p«ti·« |«nis f; drinks p«ti«n·¡s (capill«rum; vestium) |um fpl, p«tulent·a |«rum npl duck s an·as |atis f; (as food) anat¿n·a drink tr p«t§re |ae f; ducks quack anat¡s tetrinniunt drive s (enthusiasm) studi·um |¿ n; (in a duck tr (in the water) d¡prim·« |ere vehicle) gest§ti·« |«nis f d¡press¿ d¡pressus; duck the issue drive tr (a car, truck, bus) gubern§re, rem ¡v¿t§re ¶ intr caput inclin§re agere; drive s.o. home aliquem domum autoc¿n¡t« (or autoraed§) dull heb·es |etis add»cere; drive s.o. mad aliquem dummy (slang) frut·ex |icis m, b§r·« d¡mentem facere |«nis m driver autoraed§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), dumpling off·a |ae f, gl«bul·us |¿ m autoc¿n¡tist·¡s |is mf dunce b§r·« |«nis m driver’s license autoraed§ri¿ dipl«m·a duped: you’ve been duped good and |atis n proper tibi «s est sublitum pl§n¡ et drizzle intr it is drizzling l¡niter pluit prob¡ drizzle s pluvi·a |ae f r§ra et min»ta during inter (+ acc) drop s (e.g., of rain) gutt·a |ae f dust tr dust the furniture supellectilem drop in on (to visit) inv¿s·« |ere |¿; drop d¡ter·ge« |g¡re |s¿ |sus it! (no more of that!) missa istaec dustpan vatill·um |¿ n 308 Conversational Latin

DVD digit§lis discul·us |¿ m magn¡- editor red§ct·or |«ris m, red§ctr·¿x |¿cis toscopicus f; (of a newspaper, magazine) edit·or dye ting·« |ere t¿nx¿ t¿nctus t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f); editor in chief red§ctor pr¿nceps m, red§ctr¿x dying to know: I am dying to know pr¿nceps f how you are doing vald¡ ave« sc¿re, quid ag§s educate ¿nstit·u« |uere |u¿ |»tus, ¡rud·i« |¿re |i¿ |¿tus educated ¡rud¿t·us |a |um E education ¿nstit»ti·« |«nis f, ¡ruditi·« each quisque quaeque quodque |«nis f (Note that ¡d»c§ti« refers to eager (for) cupid·us |a |um (+ gen) “raising, bringing up” and can apply to the raising of children as well as eagle aquil·a |ae f; eagles screech livestock and crops, the training of aquilae str¿dent the body, etc.) ear aur·is |is f; (outer) auricul·a |ae f; eel angu¿ll·a |ae f earlobe lann·a |ae f effeminate eff¡min§t·us |a |um early (at an early period) m§t»r¡; (too efficiency habilit·§s |§tis f soon) praem§t»r¡; early in the morning bene m§ne efficient habil·is |is |e earrings inaur·¡s |ium fpl effort: it’s (not) worth the effort pretium operae (n«n) est; make an earthquake terrae m«t·us |»s m effort to be on time d§ operam ut earthworm lumbr¿c·us |¿ m tempest¿v¡ ads¿s; you’ve wasted all east ori·¡ns |entis m; on the east (side) your effort omnem operam perdidist¿ ab oriente; to the east in orientem egg «v·um |¿ n (fried fr¿ctum; hard- versus [versus is an adverb] boiled d»rum; soft-boiled apalum; Easter adj Pasch§l·is |is |e scrambled perm¿xtum) Easter s Pasch·a |ae f, Pasch·a |§tis n egg on concit§re eastern orient§l·is |is |e eggplant melong¡n·a |ae f eastward in orientem versus [versus is egg white alb»m·en |inis n an adverb] either … or aut … aut easy chair arciselli·um |¿ n t«ment« elbow cubit·um |¿ n fartum elect cre§re; (Roman senators) coöpt§re easy-going facil·is |is |e elections comiti·a |«rum npl; hold eat ed« ¡sse or edere ¡d¿ ¡sus; elections comitia hab¡re (breakfast, lunch, dinner) s»m·« |ere electric(al) ¡lectric·us |a |um s»mps¿ s»mptus; eat out for¿s c¡n§re electrical appliances ¡lectrica edict ¡dict·um |¿ n ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl edit ¡d« ¡dere ¡did¿ ¡ditus electrical outlet capsul·a |ae f cont§ct»s edition ¡diti·« |«nis f ¡lectric¿ General Vocabulary 309 electric bulb globul·us |¿ m ¡lectricus embezzle ¡vert·« |ere |¿ ¡versus electric cord f»nicul·us |¿ m ¡lectricus embezzlement pec»l§t·us |»s m electric current fluent·um |¿ n embroider ac» ping·« |ere p¿nx¿ pictus ¡lectricum embroidered (with colors) pict·us |a electric fan m§chin·a |ae f ventigena |um electric light l»m·en |inis n ¡lectricum; emerald adj smaragdin·us |a |um turn off (turn off) the light l»men emerald s smaragd·us |¿ m accend·« |ere |¿ acc¡nsus (exstingu·« |ere ext¿nx¿ ext¿nctus) emigrate ¡migr§re electric shaver r§s«ri·um |¿ n ¡lectricum emotion anim¿ m«t·us |»s m; express emotions anim¿ m«t»s exprim·« |ere electric stove focul·us |¿ m ¡lectricus express¿ expressus electric wire f¿l·um |¿ n ¡lectricum emperor imper§t·or |«ris m; (title electrician ¡lectridis artif·ex |icis m chosen by Augustus) pr¿nc·eps |ipis electricity ¡lectr·is |idis f m electronic ¡lectronic·us |a |um employ (to use) »t·or |¿ »sus sum (+ abl); (to hire) cond»cere elegance ¡leganti·a |ae f employee conduct·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), elegant ¡leg·§ns |antis merc¡n§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) elementary school litter§rius l»d·us |¿ m employer (operae) conduc·tor |t«ris m elephant elephant·us |¿ m; elephants (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) trumpet elephant¿ barriunt employment (act) »s·us |»s m; elevator cellul·a |ae f sc§ns«ria (occupation) quaest·us |»s m eloquent ¡loqu·¡ns |entis empty (into) s¡ effund·« |ere eff»d¿ else: anyone else qu¿v¿s alius; anything eff»sus (in + acc) else? aliquid amplius? no one else enclitic s enclitic·um |¿ n (ut “-que,” n¡m« alius; nothing else nihil aliud; “|ve” and, or) who else is more deserving? quis alter est dignior hom«? encourage adhort·or |§r¿ |§tus sum elsewhere alib¿ encouragement hort§t·us |»s m, hort§m·en |inis n e-mail s litter·ae |§rum fpl ¡lectronicae; (the system) curs·us |»s m end s f¿n·is |is m; in the end ab ¡lectronicus extr¡m«; put an end to a war bell¿ f¿nem facere; toward the end of his e-mail tr litter§s ¡lectronic§s mittere ad life tempore extr¡m«; that’s the end (+ acc) of me §ctum est d¡ m¡ e-mail address ¿nscr¿pti·« |«nis f end f¿n·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus ¶ intr d¡sin·« ¡lectronica |ere, f¿n·ior |¿r¿ f¿n¿tus sum; (gram) embarrass perturb§re (in) termin·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (in + embarrassed: I am embarrassed by acc or abl) sum perturb§tus cum (+ abl) ending s (gram) termin§ti·« |«nis f 310 Conversational Latin ending adj (gram) (in) termin§t·us |a eraser (for a blackboard) d¡ters«ri·um |um (in + acc) |¿ n; (on a pencil) cumm·is |is f enemy host·¡s |ium mpl; (personal d¡l¡tilis enemy) inim¿c·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) erasure lit»r·a |ae f energetic n§v·us |a |um error err·or |«ris m; (in writing) mend·um |¿ n, mend·a |ae f, viti·um enforce the law l¡gem exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |¿ n; commit (make) an error |itus mendum admitt·« |ere adm¿s¿ engine m§chin§ment·um |¿ n, m«tr·um admissus |¿ n escalator sc§l·ae |§rum fpl m«bil¡s (or engineer m§chin§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x vol»bil¡s) |tr¿cis f escape s effugi·um |¿ n engineering m§chin§lis scienti·a |ae f escape tr escape the notice of fall·« |ere enjoy (good health, company, etc.) »tor fefell¿ ¶ intr effug·i« |ere eff»g¿ »t¿ »sus sum (+ abl) esophagus gul·a |ae f enlist mil n«men (of several: n«mina) especially potissimum, praecipu¡ dare espresso caffe·a |ae f expressa enough satis; enough and more than essay tract§t·us |»s m enough satis superque; enough of this! haec h§ctenus!; enough time esteem s aestim§ti·« |«nis f; hold s.o. in satis temporis high (highest) esteem aliquem magn¿ (maxim¿) facere enter intr§re; (comput) in «rdin§trum refer« referre retul¿ rel§tus esteem tr aestim§re enthusiasm studi·um |¿ n estranged: become estranged from s.o. aliquem § s¡ ali¡n§re enthusiastic (about) studi«s·us |a |um estuary aestu§ri·um |¿ n (+ gen) Etruria Etr»ri·a |ae f entrance (entering) introit·us |»s m; (approach) adit·us |»s m; (doorway) Europe Eur«p·a |ae f osti·um |¿ n European Eur«pae·us |a |um envelope invol»cr·um |¿ n epistul§re evasive ambigu·us |a |um envious invid·us |a |um; be envious of even etiam; even today etiamnum; not invid·e« |¡re inv¿d¿ (+ dat) even ne … quidem; get even with environment circumiect·a |«rum npl s.o. aliquem ulc¿sc·or |¿ ultus sum envy s invidi·a |ae f evening vesp·er |er¿ m, vesper·a |ae f; all evening t«t§ vesper§; early in the envy tr invid·e« |¡re inv¿d¿ inv¿sum (+ evening pr¿m« vesper¿; in the dat) evening vesper¿, vespere; last epilepsy morb·us |¿ m comiti§lis evening her¿ vesper¿; on Saturday evening di¡ S§turn¿ vesper¿; this equally aequ¡ evening hodi¡ vesper¿; toward erase ¡r§d·« |ere |¿ ¡r§sus evening sub vesperum; very late in General Vocabulary 311

the evening pervesper¿; yesterday excite excit§re evening her¿ vesper¿ excited comm«t·us |a |um, excit§t·us |a evening wear c¡n§t«ri·a |«rum npl |um ever umquam excitement anim¿ comm«ti·« |«nis f; every omn·is |is |e; every day c«t¿di¡; feel excitement excit·or |§r¿ every month quot m¡nsibus; every excit§tus sum night per singul§s noct¡s; every now exclamation excl§m§ti·« |«nis f and then interdum; every year exclamation point sign·um |¿ n quotann¿s excl§m§ti«nis evidence testim«ni·um |¿ n; give excuse s exc»s§ti·« |«nis f; (pretext) evidence against s.o. testim«nium praetext·um |¿ n d¿cere in aliquem; on what evidence excuse tr (pardon) ign«sc·« |ere ign«v¿ will you convict me? qu« m¡ teste (+ dat); excuse me ign«sce mihi; convinc¡s?; this evidence is not please excuse me obsecr«, mihi admissible hoc testim«nium n«n ign«sc§s; excuse oneself s¡ exc»s§re s»mendum est; turn state’s evidence indicium profit·eor |¡r¿ professus exempt: be exempt from military sum service m¿litiae vac§ti«nem hab¡re evidently manifest¡ exemption from military service m¿litiae vac§ti·« |«nis f exact acc»r§t·us |a |um, ex§ct·us |a |um exercise intr s¡ exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ exaggerate: don’t exaggerate everything! n«l¿ (pl: n«l¿te) omnia in exercise s (written) exerciti·um |¿ n; m§ius extollere! (practice) exercit§ti·« |«nis f exam ex§m·en |inis n, prob§ti·« |«nis f; exhale exsp¿r§re flunk an exam cad·« |ere cecid¿ exhaust ¡miss§ri·um |¿ n c§s»rus in ex§mine; pass an exam expect exspect§re; what do you expect? ex§men sustin·e« |¡re |u¿; take an quid v¿s fier¿? exam ex§men ob·e« |¿re |i¿; tough exam ex§men rig«r«sum expense imp¡ns·a |ae f, s»mpt·us |»s m; at my expense me« s»mpt»; at your examine ex§min§re own expense pr¿v§t« s»mpt» example exempl·um |¿ n; set a good expensive c§r·us |a |um, preti«s·us |a example bonum exemplum praeb·e« |um |¡re |u¿ experience experienti·a |ae f, »s·us |»s excavator m§chin·a |ae f f«ss«ria m except praeter (+ acc); except that nisi experienced (in) per¿t·us |a |um (+ gen) quod (+ indic) expert s per¿t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) excessive (in) immodic·us |a |um (+ gen or abl) expert in gn§r·us |a |um (+ gen) exchange perm»t§re; exchange explain expl§n§re, explic§re greetings c«nsal»t§re; exchange explanation expl§n§ti·« |«nis f, prisoners capt¿v«s inter s¡ perm»t§re explic§ti·« |«nis f 312 Conversational Latin express exprim·« |ere express¿ face s faci·¡s |¡¿ f; be face to face with expressus you praes¡ns praesent¿ tibi esse; make a face «s d»cere; on the face expression vult·us |»s m; change one’s of it pr¿m§ faci¡; we can discuss expression vultum flect·« |ere flex¿ that face to face c«ram id agere flexus possumus expressive (eyes) arg»t·us |a |um face tr spect§re; (to withstand, e.g., express train tr§m·en |inis n danger) obviam ¿re (+ dat); face rapidissimum north (south, east, west) spect§re in extend intr (of land, body of water) (or ad) septentri«n¡s (mer¿diem, orientem, occidentem) tend·« |ere, pr«tend·« |ere, pat·e« |¡re; the region extends from … to fact: as a matter of fact enimv¡r«; in … regi« tendit (or patet) ab (+ abl) fact profect«, v¡r«, quidem; the fact ad (+ acc); extend over (to cover) that … quod (+ indic); the facts obtin·e« |¡re speak for themselves r¡s ipsa indicat or r¡s pr« s¡ loquitur extortion violenta ex§cti·« |«nis f pec»ni§rum faction facti·« |«nis f extracurricular extra«rdin§ri·us |a |um factory fabric·a |ae f faculty «rd·« |inis m profess«rum eye ocul·us |¿ m; keep an eye on that guy adserv§ (pl: adserv§te) istum; fail tr fail an exam (test, quiz) in keep your eyes open cav¡ ex§mine (prob§ti«ne, prob§tiuncul§) circumspici§s; look me in the eye cad·« |ere cecid¿; words fail me quid aspicedum contr§ m¡; with eyes d¿cam n«n inveni« wide open hiantibus ocul¿s fair aequ·us |a |um; (complexion) eyeball orb·is |is m ocul¿ candid·us |a |um; (weather) ser¡n·us |a |um, s»d·us |a |um; fair and eyebrow supercili·um |¿ n square sine f»c« ac fall§ci¿s; I think eye doctor medic·us |¿ m ocul§rius, that’s fair id aequ¿ faci«; that’s not medic·a |ae f ocul§ria fair of you n«n aequum facis eyeglasses perspicill·a |«rum npl, vitr·a fairground(s) pr§t·um |¿ n f¡st¿vum |«rum npl ocul§ria; wear eyeglasses fairly (in a fair way) aequ¡; (somewhat) perspicill¿s »t·or |¿ »sus sum aliquantulum; (moderately) eyelash palpebrae pil·us |¿ m; eyelashes mediocriter palpebr§rum pil·¿ |«rum mpl fair-minded aequ·us |a |um eyelid palpebr·a |ae f fairness aequit·§s |§tis f eyewitness ocul§tus (-a) test·is |is mf fairy d¿v·a |ae f faith fid·¡s |e¿ f; in bad faith d¡ fid¡ F mal§; in good faith (ex) bon§ fid¡ faithful fid¡l·is |is |e fabric (pattern of weaving) text·us |»s m (coarse crassus; sheer, thin tenuis; fake simul§re thick pinguis) faker simul§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) General Vocabulary 313 falcon falc·« |«nis m (see bird) farm fund·us |¿ m, r»s, r»ris n; on the fall adj autumn§l·is |is |e farm r»r¿ fall intr cad« cadere cecid¿ c§s»rus; fall farm animals pec·us |oris n or pecor·a asleep obdorm¿sc·« |ere; fall |um npl (desperately) in love with (perdit¡) farmer agricol·a |ae m am§re coep·¿ |isse; fall flat (of a farm house v¿ll·a |ae f r»stica speech, etc.) fr¿ge« fr¿g¡re; fall for (a trick) fall·or |¿ (+ abl); fall in love at farsighted pr«vid·us |a |um first sight »n« aspect» in am«rem fashion cult»s mod·us |¿ m; be in incid·« |ere |¿; fall sick in morbum fashion more fier¿; come into incidere fashion in morem ven·i« |¿re v¡n¿; fall s autumn·us |¿ m go out of fashion obsol¡sc·« |ere false fals·us |a |um obsol¡v¿ obsol¡tum falsely fals« fast cel·er |eris |ere; be fast asleep art¡ dorm·i« |¿re |¿v¿ family famili·a |ae f; come from a good family honest« loc« n§t·us |a esse fat ob¡s·us |a |um (opp: gracil·is |is |e) family name gent¿le n«m·en |inis n fathead (slang) fatu·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) family tree stirp·s |is f, stemm·a |atis n father pa·ter |tris m; father of the famous praecl§r·us |a |um; famous for family paterfamili§s (gen: inclutus (+ abl), n«bilis (+ abl) patrisfamili§s) m fan s flabell·um |¿ n; (admirer) faut·or father-in-law soc·er |er¿ m |«ris m, fautr·¿x |¿cis f; electric fan fatigue fatig§ti·« |«nis f m§chinul·a |ae f ventigena fatigued fess·us |a |um fan tr ventil§re faucet epitoni·um |¿ n; turn on (off) the fantastic m¿rific·us |a |um faucet epitonium vers§re (revers§re) far (by far) long¡; as far as I’m fault culp·a |ae f; be at fault in culp§ concerned per m¡; by far long¡, esse; not be at fault extr§ culpam mult«; far be it from me to say esse equidem d¿cere n«lim; far from procul ab (+ abl); how far? quoad, faultless ¡mend§t·us |a |um quo»sque?; (not) far from here favor benefici·um |¿ n, gr§ti·a |ae f, (haud) procul hinc; far from it! gr§t·um |¿ n; accept and return a minim¡!; farthest to the south favor beneficium accipere et reddere; longissim¡ in mer¿diem; so far so ask s.o. for a favor gr§tiam ab good bell¡ adh»c; so far, thus far aliqu« pet·« |ere pet¿v¿; do s.o. a h§ctenus favor gr§tum alicui facere; do s.o. a faraway (distant) longinqu·us |a |um big favor gratissimum alicui facere; fare vect»r·a |ae f return s.o. a favor gr§tiam alicui refer« referre retul¿; please do me farewell val¡ (pl: val¡te) this favor! am§b« t¡, fac (or for a far-fetched idea conquis¿tum c«nsili·um previous favor: refer) hanc gr§tiam |¿ n mihi 314 Conversational Latin favorable (auspices, circumstances, feeling s¡ns·us |»s m, affect·us |»s m; gods, wind) secund·us |a |um (feelings esp. with reference to fax t¡lec«pi·a |ae f anger) anim·us |¿ m; his (her) feelings were hurt animus eius fax machine t¡lec«pi§tr·um |¿ n saucius erat; hurt s.o.’s feelings fear s met·us |»s m; he put the fear of aliquem offend·« |ere |¿ God into them c»r§vit ut ill¿s fellow citizen c¿v·is |is mf su·us (|a) I»ppiter ¿r§tus esset; out of fear prae met» fellow passenger convect·or |«ris m, convectr·¿x |¿cis f fear tr metu·« |ere |¿, t¿m·e« |¡re |u¿ fellow soldier conm¿lit·« |«nis m fearful (terrible) d¿r·us |a |um; fearful of timid·us |a |um (+ gen) fellow student condiscipul·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) fearless impavid·us |a |um fellow worker soci·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) feather penn·a |ae f; (soft, downy) operis pl»m·a |ae f felon scelest·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) February m¡ns·is |is m Febru§rius; in felony scel·us |eris n February m¡nse Febru§ri« feminine f¡min¿n·us |a |um feeble imb¡cill·us |a |um fence saep¿ment·um |¿ n feebleness imb¡cillit·§s |§tis f fender luticipul·um |¿ n feed p§sc·« |ere p§v¿ p§stus ferry n§v·is |is f tr§iect«ria (or vect«ria) feel tr (with the hands) tent§re; (hunger, pain, cold, etc.) sent·i« |¿re s¡ns¿ fetch pet« petere pet¿v¿ (or peti¿) pet¿tus s¡nsus; feel one’s way viam tent§re; fever febr·is |is f; constant fever (fig) caut¡ et cogit§t¡ rem tract§re; continua febris; high fever magna or feel pain dol«re afficior affic¿ §rd¡ns febris; run a fever febricit§re; affectus sum ¶ intr because I felt slight fever febrecul·a |ae f like it quia mihi libitum est; I wasn’t few: a few pauc·¿ |ae |a feeling well ego m¡ n«n bell¡ hab¡bam; feel annoyed grav·or |§r¿ fiction f§bul«sa narr§ti·« |«nis f |§tus sum; feel bad (good) fiddle fidicul·a |ae f; play the fiddle (physically) s¡ male (bene) hab¡re; fidicul§ can·« |ere cecin¿ feel better (physically) melius s¡ hab¡re; melius val·e« |¡re |u¿; feel fiddlesticks! n»gae! down and out ¿nfr§ctum animum fidelity fid¡lit·§s |§tis f ger·« |ere gess¿; feel fine s¡ bene field ag·er |r¿ m; (untilled) camp·us |¿ hab¡re; feel glad laet·or |§r¿ laet§tus m; (of study) discipl¿n·a |ae f sum; feel happy gaud·e« |¡re g§v¿sus sum; How do you feel? ut t¡ fierce fer·«x |«cis hab¡s?; I feel fine m¡ bene habe«; figure s: female figure muliebris form·a bene mihi est; feel really bad about |ae f; figure of speech fig»r·a |ae f vald¡ dol·e« |¡re |u¿ d¡ (+ abl); feel «r§ti«nis, trop·us |¿ m sad maest·us |a |um esse figurative tr§nsl§t·us |a |um; feelers: put out feelers to tent§re fig»r§t¿v·us |a |um General Vocabulary 315 figuratively per tr§nsl§ti«nem, tr§nsl§t¿s s¡d¿; point the finger at s.o. digitum verb¿s, fig»r§te ad aliquem intend·« |ere |¿; ring figure on (rely on) n¿t·or |¿ n¿xus sum or finger digitus §nul§ris; snap the n¿sus sum (+ abl) fingers digit¿s concrep·« |§re |u¿ figure out exc«git§re finger tr (to handle) attrect§re; (to inform on) d¡fer« d¡ferre d¡tul¿ figure skating patin§ti·« |«nis f artifici«sa fingernail ungu·is |is m file (tool) l¿m·a |ae f; (for receiving finger tip digitus |¿ m pr¿m«ris papers) scap·us |¿ m; (comput) finish c«nfic·i« |ere c«nf¡c¿ c«nfectus; document·um |¿ n; files document·a finish off (to destroy) per·d« |dere |«rum npl, §ct·a |«rum npl |did¿; (to kill) occ¿d·« |ere -¿ occ¿sus; fill impl·e« |¡re |¡v¿ |¡tus; fill it up, finish writing (a book, etc.) absolv·« please! quaes«, immiss§rium |ere |¿ absol»tus; put the finishing benz¿n§rium repl¡ t«tum! touch to ultimam manum affer« afferre attul¿ (+ dat) film taeniol·a |ae f, pellicul·a |ae f; documentary film taeniol·a |ae f finish line (sports) calx, calcis f, cr¡t·a document§ria; movie film taeniola |ae f c¿n¡matographica; photographic fire s incendi·um |¿ n; be on fire §rd·e« film pellicula ph«tographica; show a |¡re |u¿; catch fire ignem concip·i« film taeniolam (c¿n¡matographicam) |ere conc¡p¿; put out a fire exhib·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus incendium exstingu·« |ere exst¿nx¿ filter filtr·um |¿ n exst¿nctus; set on fire incend·« |ere |¿ inc¡nsus fin pinn·a |ae f fire tr (to dismiss) §mov·e« |¡re §m«v¿ final ultim·us |a |um, extr¡m·us |a |um §m«tus finally tandem; (at last) ad extr¡mum fire alarm sign·um |¿ n monit«rium find reper·i« |¿re repper¿ repertus incendi¿ fine adj (outstanding) prae·st§ns |stantis; fire chief praefect·us |¿ m vigilum (weather) ser¡n·us |a |um; fire engine s¿ph·« |«nis m everything’s fine r¡ct¡ est; fine! prob¡!; fine arts art·¡s |ium fpl firefighter vig·il |ilis mf; s¿ph«n§ri·us |¿ ¡leganti«r¡s; fine weather ser¡nit·§s m (·a |ae f) |§tis f; that’s fine bene hoc habet; fireplace foc·us |¿ m you did fine f¡cist¿ prob¡ fire station stati·« |«nis f vigilum fine tr fine s.o. mult§re aliquem (+ abl fireworks spect§cul·um |¿ n of the fine) pyrotechnicum finger s digit·us |¿ m; index finger firm adj firm·us |a |um ind·ex |icis digitus m; little finger digitus minimus; middle finger firm s societ·§s |§tis f digitus medius; (as an obscene first (in a series, followed by deinde, gesture) digitus inpud¿cus; not lift a postr¡m«) pr¿mum; at first (§) pr¿m«, finger press¿s manibus sed·e« |¡re initi«; first of all pr¿mum omnium, in 316 Conversational Latin

pr¿m¿s; for the first time pr¿mum; he flash of lightning fulg·ur |uris n was the first to enter pr¿mus flashy speci«s·us |a |um intro¿vit flat (level) pl§n·us |a |um; (dull, stale, first-class (masterly) graphic·us |a |um; e.g., joke) fr¿gid·us |a |um; fall flat first-class seat s¡d·¡s |is f pr¿mae (of a speech) fr¿g¡re classis flatter bland·ior |¿r¿ |¿tus sum (+ dat) fish intr pisc·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; go fishing pisc§tum e« ¿re ¿v¿ or i¿ flattering bland·us |a |um fish s pisc·is |is m; (as food) pisc§t·us flattery blanditi·a |ae f |»s m; catch fish pisc¡s capt§re; flatware ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl esc§ria teeming with fish pisc«s·us |a |um flea p»l·ex |icis m fisherman pisc§t·or |«ris m flea market for·um |¿ n r¡rum v¡n§lium fish food ¡sc·a |ae f pisc§ria flesh car·« |nis f fish hook h§m·us |¿ m flight vol§t·us |»s m fishing s pisc§t·us |»s m; fishing bait ¡sc·a |ae f; fishing line l¿n·um |¿ n flirt s d¡sult·or |«ris m, vaga puell·a |ae (pisc§t«rium); fishing net r¡t·e |is n f (pisc§t«rium); fishing pole harund·« flirt with subbland·ior |¿r¿ (+ dat) |inis f; fishing rod calam·us |¿ m flock (of birds, sheep, goats) grex, (pisc§t«rius); fishing tackle gregis m ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n pisc§t«rium floor (paved) pav¿ment·um |¿ n, sol·um fish market for·um |¿ n pisc§rium |¿ n; (story) tabul§t·um |¿ n, fish pond pisc¿n·a |ae f contign§ti·« |«nis f; ground floor fishy (smell) pisculent·us |a |um; (fig) pedepl§n·a |«rum npl; marble floor suspici«s·us |a |um pav¿mentum (or solum) marm«reum; mosaic floor pav¿mentum (or solum) fix s be in a fix in angusti¿s vers·or |§r¿ tessel§tum; wooden floor tabul§t·um |§tus sum |¿ n fix tr (to repair) refic·i« |ere ref¡c¿ floppy disk (comput) discul·us |¿ m refectus; (time, place, limits) statu·« |ere |u¿ stat»tus flex¿bilis florescent light tubul·us |¿ m fl«r¡sc¡ns flabbergast conturb§re flounder intr volut·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; (in flabbergasted: we were absolutely flabbergasted n«s omn¿n« speech) haesit§re conturb§b§mur flounder s (fish) pass·er |eris m flag s vexill·um |¿ n flour far¿n·a |ae f flag tr sign« indic§re flow flu·« |ere fl»x¿ fl»xus; flow by flame (of fire; sweetheart) flamm·a |ae f adlu·«, adluere; flow down from d¡fluere d¡ (+ abl); flow into flap the wings §l¿s plaud·« |ere plaus¿ ¿nfluere in (+ acc); flow out from plausus effluere ab (+ abl); flow past flashlight ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n mic§ns praeterfluere (+ acc) General Vocabulary 317 flower (lit & fig) fl«·s |ris m foot p¡s, pedis m; foot of a mountain flower shop tabern·a |ae f fl«r§lis r§d·¿x |¿cis m montis; at the foot of the mountain r§d¿ce montis fluent pr«flu·¡ns |entis football (ball) pedifoll·is |is m; (game) flunk: flunk a test cad·« |ere cecid¿ pedifolli·um |¿ n, pedil»di·um |¿ n; c§s»rus in prob§ti«ne kick the (foot)ball pedifollem fluorescent light tubul·us |¿ m l»cifluus puls§re; pass the (foot)ball to pedifollem tr§nsmittere ad (+ acc); flush the toilet l§tr¿nam pr«lu« pr«luere play football pedifolle l»dere; play pr«lu¿ in the first (second) half in parte flute t¿bi·a |ae f pri«re (alter§) cert§minis l»dere (see fly s musc·a |ae f; a fly buzzes musca Chapter V) bombilat football player pedil»s·or |«ris m fly tr fly a plane §ëroplanum gubern§re foothills r§d¿c·¡s |um mpl montis ¶ intr vol§re; (of a passenger) footnote annot§ti·« |«nis f ¿mae p§ginae §ëroplan« vehor, veh¿, vectus sum; for (during a certain period, expressed fly away §vol§re; fly off the handle by acc), e.g., for ten days decem cito ferv·e« |¡re ferbu¿ di¡s; (to denote the appointment of fog nebul·a |ae f definite time) in (+ acc), e.g., he foggy nebul«s·us |a |um invited her to dinner for the following day eam ad c¡nam voc§vit fold plic§re; fold up complic§re in posterum diem; (because of) ob (+ folder integ»ment·um |¿ n astrict«rium; acc); (on behalf of) pr« (+ abl); (comput) coöpercul·um |¿ n (since) nam; as for quod attinet ad (+ acc); for all that nec e« s¡tius or fond: fond of cupid·us |a |um (+ gen); nihil« s¡tius; for nothing gr§t¿s, be fond of d¿lig·« |ere d¿l¡x¿ gr§tu¿t«; (in vain) frustr§; for that d¿l¡ctus, am§re matter ade«; for the last three fondness am·or |«ris m months in tern«s novissim«s m¡ns¡s; for the rest of the year in reliquum font typ·us |¿ m ann¿ tempus; for these reasons h¿s food cib·us |¿ m d¡ caus¿s; to be for (to be in favor food processor m§chin·a |ae f of) fav·e« |¡re f§v¿ (+ dat) coqu¿n§ria force s v¿s f; by force v¿; large force fool stult·us |¿ m, stult·a |ae f; make a magnae c«piae fpl; small force exiguae c«piae; be in force (of laws) fool of l»dific§re; make a fool of val·e« |¡re |u¿; use force vim oneself inept·i« |¿re adhib·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus foolhardy temer§ri·us |a |um force tr c«g·« |ere co¡g¿ co§ctus foolish d¡sipi·¡ns |entis forearm bracchi·um |¿ n foolishly: act foolishly inept·i« |¿re forecast praen»nti§ti·« |«nis f foolishness d¡sipienti·a |ae f (tempest§tis) 318 Conversational Latin forefathers atav·¿ |«rum mpl; m§i«r·¡s forward (mail, e-mail) d¡fer« d¡ferre |um mpl d¡tul¿ d¡l§tus forehand (in tennis) ¿ct·us |»s m forward (sports) oppugn§·tor |t«ris m d¿r¡ctus (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) forehead fr«ns, frontis f foul: commit a foul (sports) poen§liter ag·« |ere ¡g¿ foreign (of another country) extern·us |a |um; (coming from abroad) fountain pen graphi·um |¿ n repl¡bile peregr¿n·us |a |um fox vulp·¡s |is f; foxes yelp vulp¡s foreigner peregr¿n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) ganniunt forelady pr«c»r§tr·¿x |¿cis f frame of mind §nim·us |¿ m; be in a good frame of mind bon« §nim« foreman pr«c»r§t·or |«ris m esse forest silv·a |ae f frank apert·us |a |um, candid·us |a |um forget (about) obl¿v¿sc·or |¿ obl¿tus sum frankly apert¡, candid¡ (+ gen); forget about it! ¡ice id ex frantic phren¡tic·us |a |um anim«! fraternity sod§lit·§s |§tis f alumn«rum fork furcill·a |ae f, fuscinul·a |ae f fraud frau·s |dis f form s form·a |ae f; (of a word) fig»r·a |ae f; the form is either simple, like free l¿b·er |era |erum; free time temp·us “doctus,” or compound, like |oris n l¿berum, vacuum temp·us “indoctus” fig»ra est aut simplex, ut |oris n; have no free time nihil vacu¿ “doctus,” aut composita, ut temporis hab¡re; if you are free s¿ “indoctus” vac§bis form tr fac·i« |ere f¡c¿ factus; (a plan, free-style swimming nat§ti·« |«nis f partnership, alliance) in·e« |¿re |i¿ or l¿bera |¿v¿ |itus; form an opinion i»dicium freeze tr gel§re ¶ intr gel§r¿ facere; form the imperative of the freezer caps·a |ae f fr¿gorifica verb “venire” fac imper§t¿vum “ven¿re” verb¿ freezing gelid·us |a |um format s (comput) form·a |ae f freezing, freezing mark p»nct·um |¿ n glaci§le; three degrees above format tr (discum) c«nform§re freezing tr¡s grad»s supr§ p»nctum formerly ante§ glaci§le fort castell·um |¿ n freight train tr§m·en |inis n oner§rium fortunate fort»n§t·us |a |um French Gallofranc·us |a |um fortune: tell fortunes hariol·or |§r¿ |§tus French fries p«m·a |«rum npl sum (terrestria) fr¿cta fortuneteller hariol·us |¿ m, hariol·a fresh rec·¡ns |entis |ae f freshman t¿r·« |«nis mf forum for·um |¿ n Friday di·¡s |¡¿ m Veneris General Vocabulary 319 friend am¿c·us |¿ m, am¿c·a |ae f; she’s fuel m§teri·a |ae f pr«puls«ria my best friend am¿ca summa mea full (of) pl¡n·us |a |um (+ abl or gen); est full moon pl¡nil»ni·um |¿ n, pl¡na friendly am¿c·us |a |um; in a friendly l»n·a |ae f way am¿c¡ full-grown adult·us |a |um friendship am¿citi·a |ae f full-length (dress) t§l§r·is |is |e frighten terr·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus fully adv funditus fringe fimbri·a |ae f fun ioc·us |¿ m; he always makes fun frivolous fr¿vol·us |a |um of me (or pokes fun at me) iste m¡ frog r§n·a |ae f; frogs croak r§nae semper ¡l»dit (or inr¿det); she said it coaxant for fun id per iocum d¿xit; it’s no fun if you … n«n i»cundum est s¿ t» from prep ab or d¡ or ex (+ abl); from … ; it was pure fun hilaria mera a to z ab aci§ et ac»; from here hinc; erat; have fun s¡ oblect§re from there illinc; from where unde function s (gram) potenti·a |ae f front adj pr¿·or |or |us; (teeth, feet) pr¿m«r·is |is |e funeral f»n·us |eris n; attend (or go to) a funeral in f»nus ven¿re front s fr«n·s |tis f; in front § fronte; in front of (position) ante (+ acc), pr« funnel ¿nfund¿bul·um |¿ n (+ abl); (in the presence of) coram (+ funny ioc«s·us |a |um, r¿dicul·us |a abl); front of the classroom prior |um; (humorous) f¡st¿v·us |a |um par·s |tis f concl§vis schol§ris; front fur coat am¿cul·um |¿ n pellicium of the house fr«ns aedium fur jacket iacc·a |ae f pellicia front door ant¿c·um |¿ n front hall v¡stibul·um |¿ n, fauc·¡s |ium furlough comme§t·us |»s m; be on fpl furlough in comme§t» esse; end of the furlough comme§t»s di·¡s |¡¿ m; front seat s¡d·¡s |is f anterior get a furlough comme§tum frontier f¿n·is |is m, termin·us |¿ m impetr§re frost pru¿n·a |ae f furnish a home (an apartment) domum (diaetam) supellectile ¿nstru·« |ere frosty pru¿n«s·us |a |um ¿nstrux¿ ¿nstructus frozen rig·¡ns |entis; (food) gel§t·us |a |um furniture supell·ex |ectilis f; piece of furniture supellectilis par·s |tis f fruit p«m·a |«rum npl future fut»r·a |«rum npl, temp·us |oris fruit juice s»c·us |¿ m p«m§rius n fut»rum; for the future in fruit tree arb·or |oris f p«mifera posterum; in the future posth§c frustrate fr»str·or |§r¿ |§tus sum frustration fr»str§ti·« |«nis f G fry fr¿g·« |ere fr¿x¿ fr¿ctus gale procell·a |ae f frying pan sart§g·« |inis f gallon gall·on |«nis m 320 Conversational Latin gallop curs·us |»s m cit§tus gather tr cog·« |ere co¡g¿ co§ctus ¶ intr gallop intr quadruped§re congreg·or |§r¿ |§tus sum, conven¿re gearshift iuncti·« |«nis f v¡l«cit§tum gamble tr gamble away in ale§ per·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus ¶ intr ale§ l»dere gee! hercle! or edepol! gambler l»s·or |«ris m, ale§·tor |t«ris m, geez! eu edepol! or eu hercle! ale§tr·¿x |¿cis f gender s gen·us |eris n game (play) l»d·us |¿ m, l»s·us |»s m; general dux, ducis m, imper§t·or |«ris m (prey) praed·a |ae f, v¡n§ti·« |«nis f; general: in general fer¡, vulg« play a game l»sum l»dere generally pl¡rumque game show spect§cul·um |¿ n l»s«rium general store pantop«li·um |¿ n gang man·us |»s f, grex, gregis m generosity l¿ber§lit·§s |§tis f gangster, gang member praed·« |«nis m greg§lis generous benefic·us |a |um, l¿ber§l·is |is |e garage autoc¿n¡t¿ (autoc¿n¡t«rum) genitals genit§l·ia |ium npl; (female) recept§cul·um |¿ n; (repair garage) muli¡br·ia |ium npl offic¿n·a |ae f repar§t«ria genitive s genit¿v·us |¿ m, c§s·us |»s m garbage in, garbage out (comput) ex genit¿vus quisquili¿s fiunt quisquiliae gentle cl¡m·¡ns |entis, m¿t·is |is |e garden hort·us |¿ m r»sticus; vegetable garden hortus (h)olit«rius geography ge«graphi·a |ae f garden hose tubul·us |¿ m horticus German adj Germ§nic·us |a |um gardener hortul§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) German s Germ§n·us |¿ m, Germ§n·a |ae f garlic §li·um |¿ n, alli·um |¿ n Germany Germ§ni·a |ae f garrison praesidi·um |¿ n gerund s gerundi·um |¿ n garter periscelis, periscelidis f gerundive s gerund¿v·um |¿ n gas benz¿n·um |¿ n, gasi·um |¿ n; get get tr (to acquire) nanc¿sc·or |¿ nanctus gas benz¿num compar§re; step on sum; (to receive) accipere; (by the gas ped§le benz¿n§rium d¡prim·« asking) impetr§re; (by purchase) |ere d¡press¿; step on the gas! (fig) par§re, compar§re; (understand) mat»r§ (pl: mat»r§te) ten·e« |¡re |u¿; get back repet·« |ere gas pedal ped§l·e |is n benz¿n§rium |¿v¿ |¿tus; recip·i« |ere rec¡p¿ gas pump antli·a |ae f benz¿n§ria receptus; get out (bring forth) pr«m·« |ere |ps¿ |ptus; get (the gas station stati·« |«nis f benz¿n§ria business) over and done with gas stove focul·us |¿ m gaseus (neg«tium) absolv·« |ere |¿ absol»tus; I can’t get him to talk n«n que« gas tank immiss§ri·um |¿ n benz¿n§rium «r§re ut loqu§tur; now get this nunc gate port·a |ae f; (at airport) adit·us |»s cogn«sce rem ¶ intr (become) fi« m fier¿ factus sum; get along with General Vocabulary 321

concorditer congru·« |ere |u¿ cum (+ is the gist of my advice haec abl); get along well with each other praecept¿ me¿ summa est (or one another) concorditer inter s¡ give tr d« dare ded¿ datus; (as a gift) congruere; I get along well with d«n§re; give it here! cedo (pl: cette)! them bene mihi convenit cum ill¿s; get away (escape) effug·i« |ere [an old imperative; can take a direct eff»g¿ eff»git»rus; get anywhere object]; give it to ’em! adhib¡! (pl: (accomplish s.th.) aliquid c«nsequ·or adhibite!); give the plural form of |¿ c«nsec»tus sum; get carried away gaudium d§ (or d¿c) fig»ram by or with efferor efferr¿ ¡l§tus sum pl»r§lem “gaudium” n«minis (+ abl); get even with s.o. for glad laet·us |a |um; be glad laet·or |§r¿ ulc¿sc·or |¿ ultus sum aliquem quod |§tus sum; I am glad to hear that (+ indic); get off (a bus, plane, ship, libenter audi« (w. acc + inf) train) ¡gredior ¡gred¿ ¡gressus sum d¡ (+ abl); get on (a bus, plane, ship, gladly libenter train) ¿nscend·« |ere |¿ in (+ acc); glass (for drinking) p«cul·um |¿ n get out of my way! d¡ vi§ me§ vitreum; hyal·us |¿ m; glasses d¡c¡de (pl: d¡c¡dite)!; get over (eyeglasses) perspicill·a |«rum npl; (grief, anger, etc.) super§re; get rid wear glasses perspicill¿s »t·or |¿ »sus of: I want to get rid of that pest sum; wine glass hyalus v¿n§rius istum molestum §mol¿r¿ vol«; get somewhere aliquid c«nsequ·or |¿ glider anemoplan·um |¿ n, v¡lvol·um |¿ c«nsec»tus sum; get to (a place) n perven·i« |¿re perv¡n¿ perventum ad glisten nit·e« |¡re |u¿ or in (+ acc); get up (rise) surg·« |ere surr¡x¿; (said of several) gloat over exsult§re (+ abl) c«nsurgere globe glob·us |¿ m terr§rum ghost umbr·a |ae f; give up the ghost gloom maestiti·a |ae f animam ¡bull·i« |¿re gloomy maest·us |a |um Gibraltar Calp·¡ |¡s f; strait of Gibraltar G§d¿t§num fr¡t·um |¿ n glove digit§bul·um |¿ n gift d«n·um |¿ n, m»n·us |eris n, glue gl»t·en |inis n m»nuscul·um |¿ n; natural gift d«s, glue gl»tin§re; glue together d«tis m (n§t»rae) congl»tin§re gifted ingenios·us |a |um glued: I’m glued to my books in libr¿s gills branchi·ae |§rum fpl haer·e« |¡re haes¿ gin v¿n·um |¿ n i»niperum glum maest·us |a |um, trist·is |is |e; gingerbread l¿b·um |¿ n mell¿tum why so glum? quid t» es tam tristis? giraffe cam¡lopardal·is |is f glutton hellu·« |«nis m; be a glutton hellu·or |§r¿ girdle stropp·¿ |«rum mpl gluttonous ed·§x |§cis girlfriend am¿cul·a |ae f gist: the gist of what he said was this: gluttony ed§cit·§s |§tis f … hanc in sententiam d¿xit: …; this gnat cul·ex |icis m 322 Conversational Latin go e« ¿re ¿v¿ or i¿ itum, s¡ agere; go and goldfish hippur·us |¿ m see whether he has come home or goldmine aur¿fod¿n·a |ae f not ab¿, v¿se redieritne an n«ndum domum; go around (of a rumor) golf pilamalle·us |¿ m; play golf pervag§r¿; go by (to pass) praeter·e« pilamalle« l»dere (see Chapter V) |¿re |¿v¿; (the rules) serv§re; go down golf club cl§v·a |ae f; (driver) cl§va (fever) conqui¡scit |ere conqui¡vit; agit§t«ria; (iron) cl§va ferrea (swelling) s¡ summittit |ere summ¿sit; golf course pilamalle¿ camp·us |¿ m (prices) lax§r¿; (sun) occidere; (ship) merg·or |¿ mersus sum; go for (fetch golfer pilamalle¿ l»s·or |«ris m, l»str·¿x a person) add»c·« |ere add»x¿ |¿cis f adductus; (fetch a thing) adfer« golf green §re·a |ae f viridis adferre attul¿; at what price do these golf hole scrobicul·us |¿ m items go for? quibus preti¿s hae merc¡s v¡neunt?; I don’t go for golf tee gr»mul·us |¿ m (don’t like) n¿l mor·or |§r¿ |§tus sum goner: geez, I’m a goner peri¿ hercle; (+ acc); I don’t go in for sports hercle, nullus (-a) sum l»d¿s [dat] n«n stud·e« |¡re |u¿; go into a matter rem ine« in¿re ini¿ or good adj (also morally) bon·us |a |um; in¿v¿; go on pr«c¡d·« |ere pr«cess¿; (esp. moral) prob·us |a |um; (advice) go on! perge (pl: pergite) porr«!; go r¡ct·us |a |um; (weather) ser¡n·us |a to bed dorm¿tum (or cubitum) |um; be good for pr«sum pr«desse [supine] e« ¿re i¿ or ¿v¿ itum; go to pr«fu¿ pr«fut»rus (+ dat); good for see v¿s·« |ere |¿; go to the aid of you! (said in praise) macte virt»te succurr·« |ere |¿ (+ dat); go on: est«!; good, good! euge, euge!; good what’s going on? quid neg«t¿ est? or job! bene (or r¡ct¡) factum!; good quid agitur?; what’s going on here? Lord! O d¿ bon¿!; good luck to you! quid re¿ h¿c est?; go well: things are tibi f¡l¿citer!; good thinking! bene going fairly well agitur satis; please, put§s!; how long is that good for? let me go! mitte m¡ s¿s! quam di» val¡bit?; you’re a good fellow fr»g¿ [indecl] es; very good! goal port·a |ae f; score a goal (in (when agreeing with s.o.) optim¡ soccer) follem in portam pede v¡r«! puls§re good s: do s.o. good alicui pr«sum goal keeper port§ri·us |¿ m, port§ri·a pr«desse pr«fu¿ pr«fut»rus |ae f good and proper pl§n¡ et prob¡ goal line calx, calcis f, cr¡t·a |ae f goodbye val¡ (pl: val¡te); bene val¡ (pl: goal post p§l·us |¿ m portae bene val¡te); goodbye and good goat cap·er |r¿ m, capr·a |ae f; goats luck bene val¡ et bene tibi sit bleat capr¿ b§lant good-for-nothing adj n¡quam [indecl] God bless you! tibi d¿ bene faciant; (to good-for-nothing s: be a good-for- s.o. sneezing) salv¡! or sal»tem! nothing nihil hominis esse going: good going! bene factum! good-hearted benevol·¡ns |entis, gold, golden aure·us |a |um benevol·us |a |um General Vocabulary 323 good-natured facil·is |is |e grandmother avi·a |ae f goodness (integrity, good behavior) grand piano cl§v¿cordi·um |¿ n §lif«rme bonit·§s |§tis f grandson nep·«s |«tis m goodwill benevolenti·a |ae f granted est«; granted, he himself is goose ans·er |eris m; geese cackle nothing est«, ipse nihil est anser¡s gingriunt (see bird) grape »v·a |ae f; a bunch of grapes »va gossip intr garr·i« |¿re grapevine v¿t·is |is f gossip s (talk) r»m·or |«ris m (esp. pl.); grasshopper grill·us |¿ m; grasshoppers (person) f§miger§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x chirp grill¿ fritinniunt |tr¿cis f) grateful: I am deeply grateful to you govern (a province) praesid·e« |¡re tibi gr§tiam habe« maximam praes¡d¿ (+ acc or dat); govern the country rem p»blicam gubern§re gratis gr§t¿s government regim·en |inis n; r¡s f grave adj grav·is |is |e p»blica (gen: re¿ p»blicae) [also grave s sepulcr·um |¿ n written as one word] gravy i»s, i»ris n governor praes·es |idis mf, gubern§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f); (of a minor gravy bowl vascul·um |¿ n i»ris Roman province) pr«c»r§t·or |«ris m grease ung·« (ungu«) ungere »nx¿ gown t§l§ris vest·is |is f; (Roman) stol·a »nctus |ae f grease job »ncti·« |«nis f autoc¿n¡t¿ grade s grad·us |»s m, class·is |is f; great magn·us |a |um; that’s great! (mark or letter for performance) bene hercle factum! not·a |ae f great! Eu!; papae! (expression of grade tr (papers) not§re; (evaluate surprise and delight) student’s work) aestim§re greater m§i·or |or |us graduate intr dipl«ma adip¿sc·or |¿ adeptus sum, grad»s suscip·i« |ere greatest maxim·us |a |um susc¡p¿ great-grandfather proav·us |¿ m graduate s gradu§t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) great-grandmother proavi·a |ae f graft ambit·us |»s m great-grandson pronep·«s |«tis m grain fr»ment·um |¿ n; (a grain) great-uncle (mother’s side) avuncul·us gr§n·um |¿ n; with a grain of salt |¿ m m§ior; (father’s side) patru·us |¿ cum gr§n« salis m m§ior grammar s grammatic·a |ae f, ar·s |tis f Greece Graeci·a |ae f grammatica; (book) ars, artis f greed av§riti·a |ae f grandchild nep·«s |«tis m, nept·is |is f greedy av§rus |a |um; greedy for av§rus granddaughter nept·is |is f (+ gen) grandfather av·us |¿ m Greek adj Graec·us |a |um 324 Conversational Latin

Greek s Graec·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); know guidance counselor c«nsili§t·or |«ris m (speak, write) Greek Graec¡ sc¿re acad¡micus, c«nsili§tr·¿x |¿cis f (loqu¿, scr¿bere) acad¡mica green virid·is |is |e; (unripe) cr»d·us |a guide s dux, ducis mf |um guide tr d»c·« |ere d»x¿ ductus green pepper piper¿t·is |idis f guidebook lib·er |r¿ m peri¡g¡ticus gregarious (sociable) congreg§bil·is |is guilty re·us |a |um, s«n·s |tis; be found |e guilty noxius d¿i»dic§r¿; be guilty in culp§ esse; guilty of noxi·us |a |um grief maer·or |«ris m; feel grief (+ abl or gen); punish the guilty condol¡sc·« |ere condolu¿ poenam d¡ sontibus exig·« |ere ex¡g¿ grill s cr§ticul·a |ae f ex§ctus; the guilty one s«n·s |tis mf grill tr super cr§ticulam ass§re guitar cithar·a |ae f Hisp§nica groan s gemit·us |»s m gulf sin·us |»s m groan intr gem·« |ere |u¿ |itum gullible cr¡dul·us |a |um gum (of the mouth) ging¿v·a |ae f; grocer macell§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) (chewing gum) cumm·is |is f groceries obs«ni·a |«rum npl, (or) mastic§bilis obs«ni·um |¿ n gun sclop¡t·um |¿ n; fire a gun grocery store macell·um |¿ n, tabern·a sclop¡t§re |ae f aliment§ria gym gymnasi·um |¿ n (see Chapter V) groin ingu·en |inis n gym instructor exercit§t·or |«ris m, ground beef bubul·a |ae f conc¿sa exercit§tr·¿x |¿cis f ground floor pedepl§n·a |«rum npl gymnasium gymnasi·um |¿ n gymnastic gymnastic·us |a |um grow intr grow old sen¡sc·« |ere senu¿; grow up iuven¡sc·« |ere iuven¿ gym shoes calce·¿ |«rum mpl gymnic¿ growl (of a dog) ring·or |¿ rictus sum grown-up adj adult·us |a |um H grumble increp§re ha-ha-ha! hahahae! habit c«nsuet»d·« |inis f grumbling increp§ti·« |«nis f hacker plagi§ri·us |¿ (or effr§ct§ri·us |¿) grunt intr (of a pig, bear) grunn·i« |¿re m ¡lectronicus |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tum haddock gad·us |¿ m grunt s (of a pig, bear) grunn¿t·us |»s m hail impers v grandin·at |§re guard s cust·«s |«dis mf hail s grand·« |inis f guard tr cust«d·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tus hailstorm grandin·¡s |um fpl guest hosp·¡s |itis mf hair (a single hair or hair collectively) guest room hospiti·um |¿ n capill·us |¿ m; (hair in locks) cr¿n·is General Vocabulary 325

|is m; com·a ae f; (long, flowing distribu·« |ere |¿ distrib»tus; hand hair) caesari·¡s |¡¿ f; layer the hair out the papers chart§s distribuere comam in grad»s frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ handbag bulg·a |ae f; (of leather) fr§ctus; long hair (left uncut) capill¿ p¡rul·a |ae f cori§cea pr«miss¿; split hairs cavill§r¿ hand brake suffl§m·en |inis n manu§le hairbrush p¡nicul·us |¿ m com§t«rius handcuff tr manic§s inic·i« |ere ini¡c¿ haircut t«ns·us |»s m, t«ns»r·a |ae f; get iniectus (+ dat) a haircut facere ut capillus tonde§tur handcuffs spl manic·ae |§rum fpl hairdo c«mpt·us |»s m handkerchief m»cinni·um |¿ n, hairdresser «rn§tr·¿x |¿cis f, t«nstr·¿x s»d§ri·um |¿ n |¿cis f handle s man»bri·um |¿ n hair drier fav«ni·us |¿ m handle tr tract§re hairpin ac·us |»s f com§t«ria handlebars man»bri·um |¿ n hair style c«mpt·us |»s m hand luggage sarcinul·ae |§rum fpl hale and hearty salv·us et valid·us |a manu§l¡s |um handsome pulch·er |ra |rum, speci«s·us half-time (sports) d¿midium temp·us |a |um n |oris handwriting ch¿rograph·um |¿ n hall (large room) oec·us |¿ m hang: hang around with frequ¡ns hallway ambul§cr·um |¿ n adesse »n§ cum (+ abl); hang down halter capistr·um |¿ n d¡pend·e« |¡re |¿; hang out with mor·or |§r¿ |§tus sum cum (+ abl); ham pern·a |ae f; smoked ham perna you can just go and hang yourself! f»m«sa ¿ d¿r¡cte in maximam malam cr»cem! hamburger b»bul·a |ae f conc¿sa hangar recept§cul·um |¿ n §ëroplan¿ hammer malle·us |¿ m happen f¿« fier¿ factus sum, accid·« |ere ham sandwich pastill·um |¿ n pern§ |¿; happen to conting·« |ere contig¿ fartum (+ dat); I just happened to spot him forte eum c«nspex¿; what hamstring popl·es |itis m happened? quid factum est? hand s man·us |»s f; (of a clock) ind·ex happiness be§tit»d·« |inis f |icis m; have one’s hands full satag·« |ere sat¡g¿; hands off! aufer happy be§t·us |a |um, laet·us |a |um man»s!; on the other hand contr§; harbor port·us |»s m sit on one’s hands (doing nothing) hard (to the touch) d»r·us |a |um; compress¿s manibus sed·e« |¡re s¡d¿ (difficult) difficil·is |is |e (with abl of hand tr hand in tr§·d« |dere |did¿ the supine); hard on inim¿c·us |a |ditus; hand me that food porrige |um (+ dat), d»r·us |a |um in (+ acc); mihi illum cibum; hand it over! cedo hard work op·us |eris n arduum; (pl: cette)! [an old imperative; can hard to please difficil·is |is |e; he take a direct object]; hand out was hard on me in m¡ d»rus erat; 326 Conversational Latin

it’s hard to do, but I’ll try just the d¡nunti§re; have it your way! est« ut same difficile fact» est, sed con§bor lubet!; have to do: what do you nihil« s¡tius; take this hard hoc have to do with her? quid re¿ tibi est d»rum accipere, hoc aegr¡ fer« ferre cum ill§?; have to say: this I have to tul¿ say haec habe« d¿cere. hardback or hardcover book lib·er |r¿ hawk accipi·ter |tris m; hawks caw m l¿n« cont¡ctus accipitr¡s cr«citant (see bird) hard drive (comput) d»ra stati·« |«nis f hay f¡n·um |¿ n; make hay f¡num sec·« |§re |u¿ |tus; make hay while the hardware ferr§ment·a |«rum npl; sun shines! occ§si«nem amplectere!; (comput) appar§t·us |»s m carpe diem! comput§tr§lis hayloft f¡n¿l·ia |ium npl hardware store tabern·a |ae f ferr§ria hazelnut avell§n·a |ae f hard-working lab«ri«s·us |a |um head s cap·ut |itis n; back of the head harmonica harmonic·a |ae f ¿nfl§til·is occipiti·um |¿ n; be a head taller harp harp·a |ae f; play the harp harp§ than t«t« vertice supr§ (+ acc) esse; l»dere come into one’s head in buccam harp on the same theme cantil¡nam ven¿re [lit: come into one’s cheek]; eandem can·« |ere cecin¿ from head to foot § capite »sque ad calcem; head of state r¡ct·or |«ris m harsh sev¡r·us |a |um; harsh toward c¿vit§tis; put heads together capita d»r·us |a |um in (+ acc) c«nfer« c«nferre contul¿; top of the harshness d»riti·a |ae f head vert·ex |icis m harvest s (reaping) mess·is |is f; (the head tr (a committee, etc.) prae·sum crops themselves) pr«vent·us |»s m |esse |fu¿ (+ dat) ¶ intr head east ad orientem tend·« |ere tetend¿; head harvest tr met·« |ere messu¿ messus for pet·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus hat petas·us |¿ m (with broad brim) head-first prae·ceps |cipitis hate s odi·um |¿ n heading titul·us |¿ m hate tr «d¿ «disse (defect v) headlight (autoc¿n¡t¿) lumin§r·e |is n; hateful «di«s·us |a |um turn on (turn off) the bright (dim) hatred (of, toward) odi·um |¿ n (in + lights l»min§ria praecandentia acc) (candentia) accend·« |ere |¿ (exstingu·« |ere exst¿nx¿) haughty ¡l§t·us |a |um, superb·us |a |um headmaster scholae r¡ct·or |«ris m haul off to prison rap·i« |ere |u¿ |tus in headmistress scholae r¡ctr·¿x |¿cis f carcerem headquarters (mil) praet«ri·um |¿ n; (of have (possess) hab·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus; a business) s¡d·¡s |is f (e.g., dinner) s»m·« |ere |ps¿ |ptus; headway: make headway pr«fic·i« |ere (a sickness) lab«r§re (+ abl); have a pr«f¡c¿; make no headway nihil tough time of it vald¡ lab«r§re; have pr«ficere; we are making some it in for s.o. alicui per¿culum headway, I hope ut sp¡r«, General Vocabulary 327

pr«ficimus aliquantum take to one’s heels s¡ conicere in heal tr s§n§re ¶ intr s§n¡sc·« |ere ped¡s health (good or bad) val¡t»d·« |inis f; heifer iuvenc·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) bad health adversa (or mala, gravis, height: to be of average height stat»r§ ¿nfirma) val¡t»d«; bad health prope i»st§ esse suddenly hit me mala val¡t»d« m¡ helicopter helicopter·um |¿ n; be taken repent¡ inv§sit; for reasons of bad by helicopter to per helicopterum health val¡t»dinis caus§; good tr§ns·vehor |veh¿ |vectus sum; fly a health bona (or firma, commoda, helicopter helicopterum gubern§re; prospera) val¡t»d«; here’s to your fly in a helicopter helicopter« vehor health! tibi salutem prop¿n«!; bene veh¿ vectus sum tibi!; in sound health valid·us |a |um hell: go to hell! ¿ (pl: ¿te) in malam crucem!; I’m going to catch hell healthy s§n·us |a |um, salv·us |a |um hab¡b« conv¿cium; where the hell hear aud·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or -i¿ |¿tus; (to find are you? ubinam, malum, es? out about) cogn«sc·« |ere cogn«v¿ hello! salv¡! (pl: salv¡te)!; salvus (-a) cognitus s¿s! (pl: salv¿ (-ae) s¿tis)!; hello hearing (sense) aud¿t·us |»s m; (legal) there! eho istic!; Terentia says hello cogniti·« |«nis f; hold a hearing to you Terentia tibi sal»tem d¿cit cogniti«nem hab¡re helmet (of leather) gale·a |ae f; (of heart cor, cordis n; from the heart ex metal) cass·is |idis f anim«; heart and soul t«t« pectore; help s auxili·um |¿ n my heart was in my throat anima mihi in n§s« erat [lit: my breath was help tr iuv·« |§re i»v¿ i»tus, succurr·« in my nose]; take to heart cord¿ |ere |¿ succursum (+ dat) hab¡re helpless in·ops |opis heartache c»r·a |ae f, cordoli·um |¿ n helplessness inopi·a |ae f heaven: for heaven’s sake obsecr« [lit: hem limb·us |¿ m I pray]; heavens! edepol! heavens hem interj ehem! above! O d¿ immort§l¡s!; heaven forbid! d¿ melius faxint!; I’m in hen gall¿n·a |ae f (see bird) seventh heaven digit« caelum henpecked ux«rius atting«; in heaven’s name! per fort»n§s! herd (of cattle, swine) grex, gregis m; (of oxen and large animals) heck: give s.o. heck aliquem verb¿s arment·um |¿ n mal¿s obi»rg§re; heck no! minim¡ v¡r« hercle!; who the heck are here h¿c; here and now d¡praesenti§rum they? qu¿, malum, ist¿ sunt? [adv]; here I am! Ecce m¡! here with it! cedo! (pl: cette!) (can take heehaw intr rud·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tum an accusative object, e.g.: Here with heehaw s rud¿t·us |»s m that book! cedo istum librum!) heel cal·x |cis f; (of a shoe) fulment·um heroin hero¿n·um |¿ n; use heroin |¿ n; (slang) nequam hom·« |inis mf; hero¿n« »tor »t¿ »sus sum 328 Conversational Latin hey heus!; hey you, I’m talking to you! with them? concord§b§sne cum heus t», tibi ego d¿c«! ill¿s?; hit s.o. for a loan fer¿re hi! salv¡ (pl: salv¡te) aliquem m»tu« argent« hide s cori·um |¿ n; be after s.o.’s hide hmmm interj hem corium alic»ius pet·« |ere pet¿v¿; risk hoarse rauc·us |a |um one’s own hide cori« su« l»dere; hockey l»d·us |¿ m hocc¡ius, als»legi·a save one’s own hide corium serv§re |ae f; field hockey l»dus hocc¡ius high adj alt·us |a |um; (rank) ampl·us |a campestris; ice hockey l»dus |um; (opinion, price) magn·us |a hocc¡ius glaci§lis; play hockey |um; (fever) §rd·¡ns |entis; (note) hocc¡i« (or als»legi§) l»dere (see ac»t·us |a |um ; (on alchohol, drugs) Chapter V) ebri·us |a |um; be high on drugs § medic§ment¿s psychotropic¿s hockey player als»leg§ri·us |¿ m (·a inebri§re; high blood pressure |ae f) hypert«ni·a |ae f hockey puck disc·us |¿ m high adv to aim high magn§s r¡s hockey stick ped·um |¿ n, ferul·a |ae f appet·« |ere |¿v¿ repanda high jump salt·us |»s m in altum hog s»s, suis mf; hogs oink s»¡s highrise (building) multiz«ni·um |¿ n grunniunt high school schol·a |ae f superior hogwash: that’s hogwash! quisquilia! highway str§t·a |ae f autoc¿n¡tica hold tr ten·e« |¡re |u¿ |tus; (contain) hijack tr v¿ abd»cere cap·i« |ere c¡p¿; (an office) ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus; (a meeting) hab¡re; hijacking abducti·« |«nis f §eria hold it! (stop!) ast§!; hold it please! hike intr ambul§re man¡ obsecr«!; hold s.o. in high hike s ambul§ti·« |«nis f (highest) esteem aliquem magn¿ (maxim¿) facere; hold up (detain) hill coll·is |is m d¡tin·e« |¡re |u¿, imped·i« |¿re |¿v¿ hilly cl¿v«s·us |a |um |¿tus; what held you up? quid t¡ hip cox·a |ae f, coxend·ix |icis f imped¿vit? ¶ intr hold out d»r§re hippie antic«nformist·a |ae m (·ria hole in the wall (shabby lodgings) |riae f) stabul·um |¿ n hippopotamus hippopotam·us |¿ m holiday f¡ri·ae |§rum fpl; (from school) di·¡s |¡¿ m f¡ri§tus; today is a hiss intr s¿bil§re holiday hodi¡ f¡ri§s agimus hiss s s¿bil·us |¿ m holiness s§nctit·§s |§tis f historian historic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) holy s§nct·us |a |um history histori·a |ae f home dom·us |»s f; (direction) domum; hit s (in baseball) puls·us |»s m at home dom¿; at your home dom¿ hit tr (to strike) ¿c·« |ere |¿ ictus; (a tuae, apud t¡; from home dom«; to baseball) puls§re; did you hit it off my home ad m¡ General Vocabulary 329 home appliance ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n hope intr sp¡r§re; hope that sp¡r§re (+ domesticum ¡lectricum; home acc & inf) appliances ¡lectrica dom»s »t¡nsil·ia hope s sp¡s, spe¿ f; give up hope |ium npl d¡sp¡r§re home front: on the home front and on hopefully ut sp¡r« [as I hope] the war front dom¿ et m¿litiae hopeless d¡sp¡r§t·us |a |um homely ¿nspeci«s·us |a |um hopper l§bell·um |¿ n intimum, sell·a home page (comput) p§gin·a |ae f |ae f famili§rica domestica horizontal bar ferr·um |¿ n tr§nsversum home plate bas·is |is f summa (or hormone horm«n·um |¿ n domestica) horn b»cin·a |ae f; blow the horn home run circuit·us |»s m basium; hit a b»cin§ clang·« |ere home run circuitum basium facere hornet cr§br·« |«nis m homesick: be homesick ex d¡s¿deri« lab«r§re; I am homesick for m¡ horrible horribil·is |is |e d¡s¿derium tenet (+ gen) hors d’euveres pr«muls·is |idis f homework p¡ns·um |¿ n domesticum; horse equ·us |¿ m (written) praescr¿pt·um |¿ n horsefly tab§n·us |¿ m; horseflies buzz domesticum tab§n¿ bombilant homicide homic¿di·um |¿ n hose (for watering) tubul·us |¿ m; honest prob·us |a |um; (speaking the rubber hose tubulus cummeus truth) v¡r·§x |§cis; honest to God hospital val¡t»din§ri·um |¿ n pr« deum fidem hostage obs·es |idis mf honestly: tell me honestly d¿c bon§ fide hostess hospit·a |ae f honey mel, mellis n; (terms of hot (of a person, sun, water, bath, day) endearment) melill·a |ae f, mel n, calid·us |a |um (opp: fr¿gid·us |a melcul·um |¿ n |um); (boiling hot) fervid·us |a |um; honor hon«r§re (sultry) aestu«s·us |a |um; (spicey) acer, acris, acre; be hot cal·e« |¡re honorable honest·us |a |um |u¿; become hot cal¡sc·« |ere; be honorably honest¡ uncomfortably hot aestu§re; hot hood ploxen·um |¿ n weather aest·us |»s m; it is hot today hodi¡ cal¡tur hoodlum grass§t·or |«ris m hot dog hill·a |ae cal¡ns (gen: hillae hoof ungul·a |ae f calentis) f hooky: play hooky ¿nsci¿s parentibus § hot pants brevissimae br§·cae |§rum fpl schol§ abesse f¡min¿nae hoot intr (of owls) b»bul§re hot-tempered ¿r§cund·us |a |um hoot s I don’t give a hoot about him hotel d¡vers«ri·um |¿ n; stay at a hotel eum flocc¿ n«n faci« in d¡vers«ri« mor·or |§r¿ |§tus sum 330 Conversational Latin hotel manager d¡vers«ri¿ d¿r¡c·tor |t«ris hum intr murmur§re; (of bees) m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) bombil§re hotplate disc·us |¿ m coct«rius hum s murm·ur |uris m; (of bees) hound s.o. (coll) aliquem c«nsect·or |§r¿ bomb·us |¿ m |§tus sum human being hom·« |inis mf hour h«r·a |ae f; a half hour s¡mih«r·a humane h»m§n·us |a |um |ae f; an hour and a half s¡squih«r·a |ae f; a quarter of an humid »mid·us |a |um hour quadr·§ns |antis m h«rae; every humor s f¡st¿vit·§s |§tis f hour singul¿s h«r¿s; from hour to hour in h«r§s; three quarters of an humor tr humor s.o. alicui m«rem ger« hour d«dr·§ns |antis m h«rae gerere gess¿ hourly in h«r§s humorous f¡st¿v·us |a |um house dom·us |»s f, aed·¡s |ium fpl humorously f¡st¿v¡ house arrest cust«di·a |ae f l¿bera hump gibb·er |eris m how (in what way) qu«modo, qu« pact«; hunger fam·¡s |is f (chiefly after verbs of hearing, hung jury: be acquitted by a hung telling, etc.) ut (+ subj); (to what jury sententi¿s paribus absolv·or |¿ degree) quam; how are you? (how absol»tus sum are you doing?) quid agis? (pl: quid agitis?); ut val¡s? (pl: ut val¡tis?); hungry adj ¡suri·¡ns |entis how come? qu¿ fit? or qu¿ istuc? hunt (also go hunting) v¡n·or |§r¿ |§tus how far quo»sque; how far is … sum (see Chapter V) from quantum distat (or abest) … ab (+ abl); how goes it? quid fit?; how hunting v¡n§t·us |»s m long quamdi», quo»sque; how long hunting dog can·is |is m v¡n§ticus ago? quam pr¿dem? or quam d»dum?; how many quot [indecl]; hunting gear ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n how many times quoti¡ns, quoti¡s; v¡n§t«rium how much quant·us |a |um; how hurray! euax! much did you sell it for? quant¿ hoc v¡nit?; how much is this? quant¿ hoc hurricane ing¡ns procell·a |ae f c«nstat?; how much does it cost? id hurry intr proper§re; hurry up! m§t»r§! quant¿ c«nstat?; how often quoti¡ns; (pl: m§t»r§te!) how old are you? quot ann«s n§t·us hurry s: be in a hurry proper§re, (-a) es?; how so? quid ita?; (whatever made you say that?) fest¿n§re; but I’m in a hurry at qu¿dum?; how soon? quam mox?; proper«; what’s your hurry? quid how’s that? (What did you say?) fest¿n§s? qu¿dum? or quid iam? hurt tr noc·e« |¡re |u¿ (+ dat) ¶ intr however autem dol·e« |¡re |u¿; hurt a lot hug complect·or |¿ complexus sum; hug vehementer dol¡re each other inter s¡ complect¿ husband mar¿t·us |¿ m General Vocabulary 331 hygiene hygi¡n·¡ |¡s f; practice idiot fatu·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) hygyiene hygi¡n¡n exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ if s¿; if only utinam (+ subj) |itus iffy (slang) dubi·us |a |um hygienic hygi¡nic·us |a |um ignoramus nesapi·us |¿ m, nesapi·a |ae f hypertext adj hypertextu§l·is |is |e ignorance ¿nscienti·a |ae f hypertext s hypertext·us |»s m ignorant ¿nsc¿t·us |a |um; (unlearned) hypocrite simul§t·or |«ris m, simul§tr·¿x indoct·us |a |um |¿cis f ill (used of body and mind) ae·ger |gra hypocritical co§ct·us |a |um, simul§t·us |rum; (used of body only) aegr«t·us |a |um |a |um; be ill aegr«t§re; fall ill in morbum incid·« incidere incid¿ I ill health (adversa) val¡t»d·« |inis f; for ice glaci·¡s |¡¿ f; turn to ice glaci§r¿ reasons of ill health val¡t»dinis caus§ ice cream gelidum cr¡m·um |¿ n illiterate illitter§t·us |a |um ice hockey (see hockey) ill-mannered male m«r§t·us |a |um ice rink stadi·«n |¿ n glaciale ice-skate intr patin§re illness morb·us |¿ m, (mala) val¡t»d·« |inis f; serious illness gravis val¡t»d« iceskate s patin·us |¿ m illogical absurd·us |a |um ice-skater patin§t·or |«ris m, patin§tr·¿x |¿cis f ills mal·a |«rum npl ice-skating patin§ti·« |«nis f (see imagine im§gin·or |§r¿ |§tus sum Chapter V) immature imm§t»r·us |a |um icicle st¿ri·a |ae f immaturity imm§t»rit·§s |§tis f icon (comput) ¿c«n, ¿conis f immediately statim, continu«, extempl« icy glaci§l·is |is |e immoderate immodic·us |a |um idea c«nsili·um |¿ n, cogniti·« |«nis f; immodest impud¿c·us |a |um you’re full of ideas pl¡nus (-a) impartial aequ·us |a |um, incorrupt·us c«nsili¿ es |a |um et inte·ger |gra |grum ideal exempl·ar |§ris n impatient: be impatient with in¿qu« identical identic·us |a |um, ¿dem et p§r anim« fer« ferre tul¿ (+ acc) identification identific§ti·« |«nis f impatiently in¿qu« anim« identify identific§re imperative adj imper§t¿v·us |a |um; identity identit·§s |§tis f imperative mood mod·us |¿ m idiom fig»r·a |ae f, propriet·§s |§tis f imper§t¿vus linguae (Lat¿nae or Anglicae) imperfect tense s temp·us |oris n idiomatic expressions quae linguae praeteritum imperfectum Lat¿nae (or Anglicae) propria sunt imperial imperi§l·is |is |e 332 Conversational Latin impersonal adj impers«n§l·is |is |e indeclinable ind¡cl¿n§bil·is |is |e impetuous fervid·us |a |um indeed profect«, quidem, v¡r« impolite inurb§n·us |a |um indefinite ¿nf¿n¿t·us |a |um (opp: f¿n¿tus) importance: it is of the greatest impo- indicate tr signific§re rtance to me that … permagn¿ me§ indicative indic§t¿v·us |a |um; in the interest (+ acc & inf); indicative mood mod« indic§t¿v« important magn·us |a |um; consider it important id magn¿ aestim§re; it is indict s.o. aliquem re·um (-am) facere (very) important to me (you) that indifference fr¿g·us |oris n magn¿ (maxim¡) me§ (tu§) interest (+ indigestion cr»dit·§s |§tis f acc & inf); it’s not all that important tant¿ n«n est indignant indign§bund·us |a |um impress commov·e« |¡re comm«v¿ inept inept·us |a |um comm«tus inexpensive v¿l·is |is |e impression: make a deep impression inexperienced (in) inexpert·us |a |um on maxim¡ commov·e« |¡re (ab + abl or in + acc or adversus + comm«v¿ (+ acc) acc) improper indec·¡ns |entis infamous ¿nf§m·is |is |e improve tr ¡mend§re ¶ intr mel·ior |ior infancy ¿nfanti·a |ae f |ius f¿« fier¿ factus sum; (in studies) pr«fic·i« |ere pr«f¡c¿ infant ¿nf§ns, ¿nfantis mf improvement pr«fect·us |»s m infantry pedit§t·us |»s m imprudent impr»d·¡ns |entis infantryman ped·es |itis m impulse anim¿ impet·us |»s m infatuated: be infatuated with s.o. in prep in (+ abl); (in the writings of) aliquem efflictim am§re apud (+ acc); in all ex t«t« infer: I infer from what you say that in adv (motion) intr«; (rest or motion) … ex verb¿s tu¿s collig« (+ acc & intus; is your father in? estne pater inf) intus? infinitive s ¿nf¿n¿t¿v·um |¿ n inappropriate inept·us |a |um infirmary val¡t»din§ri·um |¿ n incisors dent¡s mpl pr¿m«r¡s inflame ¿nflamm§re include contin·e« |¡re |u¿ inflammation ¿nflamm§ti·« |«nis f incorrect viti«s·us |a |um inflect tr d¡cl¿n§re incorrectly viti«s¡ inflection s d¡cl¿n§ti·« |«nis f increase tr aug·e« |¡re aux¿ auctus ¶ influence gr§ti·a |ae f; have a lot of intr cr¡sc·« |ere cr¡v¿ (more, little, no) influence on incredible incr¡dibil·is |is |e multum (plus, paulum, nihil) posse indecent indec·¡ns |entis apud (+ acc) indecisive ambigu·us |a |um influential gr§ti«s·us |a |um General Vocabulary 333 inform: inform s.o. about aliquem instead of pr« (+ abl) certi«rem facere d¡ (+ abl) instruct ¿nstitu·« |ere |¿ ¿nstit»tus; informant ind·ex |icis mf instruct s.o. in s.th. ¿nstruere information indici·um |¿ n aliquem aliqu« ingenious artifici«s·us |a |um instruction (teaching) ¿nstit»ti·« |«nis f; instructions praecept·a |«rum npl; initiative: on my own initiative me§ (orders to do something) mand§t·a sponte |«rum npl injustice ini»stiti·a |ae f instructor praecept·or |«ris m, ink §tr§ment·um |¿ n praeceptr·¿x |¿cis f inland adj interi·or |or |us; inland seas insurance cauti·« |«nis f, ass¡c»r§ti·« mar·ia |ium npl interi«ra |«nis f; car insurance ass¡c»r§ti« inland adv intus; towns inland from vehicul§ria; casualty insurance Tarentum oppida per continentem § ass¡c»r§ti« indemnit§tis; health Tarent« insurance ass¡c»r§ti« val¡tudin§ria; insurance company societ·§s |§tis f in-law aff¿n·is |is mf v¿tae cauti«n¿ exercendae; life inn caup«n·a |ae f insurance pr« v¿t§ cauti«, v¿tae inning (of baseball) miss·us |»s m ass¡c»r§ti« innkeeper caup·« |«nis m integrity integrit·§s |§tis f innocence innocenti·a |ae f intellect intellect·us |»s m innocent (of) innoc·¡ns |entis (+ gen) intelligence intellegenti·a |ae f innumerable innumer·us |a |um intelligent intelleg·¡ns |entis input (comput) (dat«rum) init·us |»s m; intend d¡stin§re; in anim« esse (+ dat of input and output (dat«rum) initus the subject); I intended to set out exitusque straight for home erat mihi in anim« r¡ct§ profic¿sc¿ domum inquisitive c»ri«s·us |a |um intense (emotions) grand·is |is |e insane ¿ns§n·us |a |um intensive pronoun s pr«n«m·en |inis n insanity ¿ns§nit·§s |§tis f intenti«nis (ut “ipse” himself) insect ¿nsect·um |¿ n intentions: with the best intentions insensitive d»r·us |a |um optim« anim« »t¡ns insensitivity d»riti·a |ae f interchange coniuncti·« |«nis f vi§rum inside: go inside! ¿ (pl: ¿te) intus! interest s interest (in) studi·um |¿ n (+ insincere ¿nsinc¡r·us |a |um gen); (fin) faen·us |oris n, »s»r·a |ae f; compound interest anatocism·us install (comput) ¿nstru·« |ere ¿nstrux¿ |¿ m; have an interest in painting ¿nstructus studium pinguend¿ hab¡re; increase installment p¡nsi·« |«nis f; pay in five (lower) interest »s»ram aug·e« |¡re installments qu¿nque p¡nsi«nibus aux¿ (minu·« |ere |¿); lend money at solv·« |ere |¿ sol»tus interest pec»niam faenor¿ dare; rate 334 Conversational Latin

of interest »s»r·ae |§rum fpl; 3 interviewer interrog§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x percent (4 percent, 5 percent, 6 |tr¿cis f) percent, 12 percent) interest per intestines intest¿n·a |«rum npl annum quadrant¡s (trient¡s, qu¿nc»nc¡s, s¡miss¡s cent¡simae) intransitive adj intr§nsit¿v·us |a |um »s»rae; pay interest on »s»ram introduce (e.g., a custom) introd»cere; pend·o |ere pepend¿ (+ dat); simple (a person) (to) tr§d·« |ere |id¿ |itus interest perpetuum faen·us; take an (+ dat) interest in something studi« alic»ius introductory intr«duct«ri·us |a |um ten¡r¿ invade inv§d·« |ere inv§s¿ inv§sus in (+ interest tr ten·e« |¡re |u¿; sports don’t acc), cum exercit» ingred·ior |¿ interest me l»d¿ m¡ n«n tenent ingressus sum interested: children are interested in invest colloc§re games l¿ber¿ l»d¿s tenentur; I am interested in music m»sicae [dat] investigate invest¿g§re stude«; I am interested in that id investigator invest¿g§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x mihi c»rae est; I am not the least bit |tr¿cis f) interested in the races circ¡nsibus n¡ levissim¡ quidem teneor investment pec»niae colloc§ti·« |«nis f interesting (in appearance) speci«s·us invite inv¿t§re; (esp. to dinner) voc§re |a |um; that book is interesting ille involve implic§re; be involved in liber m¡ tenet vers·or |§r¿ |§tus sum in (+ abl) interfere in s¡ interp«n·« |ere interposu¿ Ireland Hiberni·a |ae f (+ dat) Irish adj Hibernic·us |a |um interior adj interi·or |or |us iron tr prem·« |ere press¿ pressus, interior s: in the interior in (ferr«) l¡vig§re mediterr§ne«, intus; toward the irregular adj inaequ§l·is |is |e; an interior intus irregular verb inaequ§le verbum (ut interjection s interiecti·« |«nis f (ut “vol«,” I want) “heus t»!” hey you!) irregularly adv inaequ§liter; “duo” is international law i»s, i»ris n gentium irregularly declined “duo” internet adj interr¡ti§l·is |is |e inaequ§liter d¡cl¿n§tur internet s interr¡t·e |is n irresponsible inoffici«s·us |a |um interrogate interrog§re irritable ¿r§cund·us |a |um interrupt interpell§re; don’t interrupt irritate exasper§re me! n«l¿ (pl: n«l¿te) m¡ interpell§re! is est; is that so? itane est? (or mihi obloqu¿!) island ¿nsul·a |ae f intersection compit·um |¿ n, quadrivi·um |¿ n isthmus isthm·us |¿ m (f) interview colloqui·um |¿ n it id, eius interrog§t«rium Italy Itali·a |ae f General Vocabulary 335 itch intr pr»r·i« |¿re; (fig) gest·i« |¿re; jog tol»tim cursit§re I’m just itching to gesti« quidem (+ joint articul·us |¿ m inf) joke intr ioc·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; all item of merchandise merx, mercis f joking aside ioc« rem«t«; now its eius you’re joking ioc§ris nunc t» joke s ioc·us |¿ m; as a joke per iocum J jokingly per iocum or inter iocum jacket iacc·a |ae f; (of leather) iacc·a jot down annot§re, d¡not§re |ae f scortea journal comment§ri·¿ |«rum mpl jail carc·er |eris m periodic¿ jailer cust«di§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) journalism diurn§ria ar·s |tis f jam bacc§rum cond¿t»r·a |ae f; be in a journalist diurn§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) jam in angusti¿s vers·or |§r¿ |§tus joy gaudi·um |¿ n; feel joy gaud·e« |¡re sum g§v¿sus sum January m¡ns·is |is m I§nu§rius; in joystick (comput) vectul·us |¿ m January m¡nse I§nu§ri« judge i»d·ex |icis m; sit as judge (hold jaw mal·ae |§rum fpl court) i»s d¿cere jawbone maxill·a |ae f judgment i»dici·»m |¿ n; against my jealous invid·us |a |um; be jealous of better judgment adversum ingenium invid·e« |¡re inv¿d¿ (+ dat) meum; in my judgment me« i»dici« jealousy invidi·a |ae f judicial i»dici§l·is |is |e; judicial system rati·« |«nis f i»dici§lis jeans br§c·ae |§rum fpl Genu¡ns¡s judo luct·a |ae f i»d«ica jello sorbill·um |¿ n concr¡tum juice succ·us |¿ m jelly cil·on (also quil·on) |¿ n July m¡ns·is |is m I»lius; in July m¡nse jerk (slang) larv·a |ae f I»li« jet plane §ëroplan·um |¿ n jump sal·i« |¿re |u¿ or |i¿; jump down pyrauloc¿n¡ticum d¡sil¿re; jump for joy exsult§re; jewel gemm·a |ae f jump rope ad f»nem sal¿re jeweler aurif·ex |icis m June m¡ns·is |is m I»nius; in June jewelry store gemm§ri·a |ae f m¡nse I»ni« jitters scr»pul·us |¿ m; give s.o. the junior iuni·or |«ris m jitters alicui scr»pulum inic·i« |ere junk scr»t·a |«rum npl ini¡c¿ juror i»d·ex |icis m job (piece of work) op·us |eris n; (as a jury c«nsili·um |¿ n; i»dic·¡s |um mpl means of livelihood) quaest·us |»s m; good job! r¡ct¡ factum!; it’s a big just adj i»st·us |a |um job but … magnum opus est sed just adv modo; just about (pretty well, tamen … virtually) propemodum; just a 336 Conversational Latin

moment ago modo; just as cum kid tr l»dere, l»dific§re, ioc·or |§r¿ |§tus maxim¡: just as I was writing that sum; don’t kid me n¡ m¡ l»d§s; cum haec maxim¡ scr¿berem; just you’re kidding! l»dis m¡! before (an event) sub (+ acc); just in kidney r¡n, r¡nis m time tempor¿; just now modo; just then tunc maxime; just the other kidney bean phas¡l·us |¿ m(f) day modo; just the same (anyhow) kill occ¿d·« |ere |¿ occ¿sus, nec§re; kill tamen or nihil« s¡tius; just when time tempus fall·« |ere fefell¿; cum maxim¡; just what? quidnam?; you’re killing me! m¡ ¡nic§s! just who? quisnam? kilometer ch¿liometr·um |¿ n justice i»stiti·a |ae f kind adj (to, toward) benevol·us |a |um justly i»st¡ (erg§ + acc) jut out see project kind s (type) gen·us |eris n; what kind of person is … ? qu§lis hom« est K …? kangaroo halmat»r·us |¿ m kindergarten paedotroph¡·um |¿ n karate luct·a |ae f car§tica kind-hearted benevol·us |a |um, benign·us |a |um keen-scented sag§cissim·us |a |um kindness benevolentia |ae f; (kind deed) keep (retain) ten·e« |¡re |u¿ |tus; benefici·um |¿ n; show kindness to (confine) contin·e« |¡re |u¿ s.o. benevolentiam alicui praest·« contentus; am I keeping you? num |§re praestit¿ d¡tine« t¡?; keep a stiff upper lip! fac ut anim« fort¿ s¿s!; keep this to kiss s «scul·um |¿ n, su§vi·um |¿ n; yourself haec t» t¡cum hab¡t«; keep (passionate) b§si·um |¿ n your cool! comp¡sce mentem!; keep kiss tr «scul§r¿, su§vi§r¿, su§vium dare one’s eyes on ocul«s intent§re in (+ (+ dat), b§si§re acc); what kept you? quid tenuit qu« minus ven¿r¡s? kitchen cul¿n·a |ae f ketchup ketsup·um |¿ n kitchen knife cul·ter |tr¿ m coqu¿n§ris key cl§v·is |is m; (of a typewriter or kitchen utensils ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl computer) pl¡ctr·um |¿ n, malleol·us coquin§t«ria |¿ m; (on the keyboard) malleol·us |¿ knapsack saccip¡ri·um |¿ n dorsu§le m; hit the key malleolum puls§re; knee gen·» |»s n room key cl§v·is |is f concl§vis kneecap patell·a |ae f keyboard (of a typewriter or computer) pl¡ctrologi·um |¿ n, «rd·« |inis m knife cult·er |r¿ m; (small knife) pl¡ctr«rum; (of a piano or organ) cultell·us |¿ m cl§viat»r·a |ae f knock down d¡ic·i« |ere d¡i¡c¿ d¡iectus; kick tr (a ball) pede puls§re; kick the (in boxing) stern·« |ere str§v¿ str§tus; bucket animam ¡bull·i« |¿re |i¿ knock out c«nsternere, pr«flig§re kid s (coll) frust·um |¿ n puer¿ or puellae knock it off! parce! (pl: parcite!) General Vocabulary 337 know sci« sc¿re sc¿v¿ sc¿tus; (to be ship) in terram ¡gredior |¿ ¡gressus familiar with a person or place) sum; (of a plane) deorsum appellere; n«v·¿ |isse (defective verb); get to (of a bird) (on) ¿ns¿d·« |ere ¿ns¡d¿ (+ know n«sc·« |ere n«v¿ n«tus; he dat) thinks he knows better than I do land s terr·a |ae f; (a piece of land) c¡nset s¡ pl»s sapere quam m¡; I’m ag·er |r¿ m dying to know how you are doing quid ag§s, vald¡ ave« sc¿re; know for landing (of a plane) appuls·us |»s m; sure certum (or cert«) sc¿re; know (on stairs) sc§l§ri·um |¿ n how to sc¿re (+ inf); let me know landscape regi«nis form·a |ae f what you are doing m¡ velim language lingu·a |ae f, serm·« |«nis m; certi«rem faci§s, quid ag§s; let me the Latin language lingua Lat¿na, know where you are facit« ut sciam serm« Lat¿nus ubi s¿s; not know nesc·i« |¿re language lab offic¿n·a |ae f loqu¡l§ris knowledge scienti·a |ae f; (acquisition of knowledge) cogniti·« |«nis f; lap gremi·um |¿ n without the knowledge of clam (+ laptop (comput) comput§trul·um |¿ n abl); without your knowledge clam port§bile v«b¿s lark alaud·a |ae f (see bird) known n«t·us |a |um; make known last adj ultim·us |a |um; (in line) palam facere; well known novissim·us |a |um; (immediately n«tissim·us |a |um preceding) proxim·us |a |um; (adj knuckle articul·us |¿ m digit¿ used where English uses an adv) knucklehead b§r·« |«nis m novissim·us |a |um, e.g., Cicero spoke last Cicer« novissimus loc»tus est; at last d¡mum; last night her¿ L vesper¿, proxim§ nocte; the night label pittaci·um |¿ n before last superi«re nocte laborer oper§ri·us |¿ m, oper§ri·a |ae f last intr d»r§re, perd»r§re lacrosse l»d·us |¿ m lacrossensis; play late adj s¡r·us |a |um lacrosse l»d« lacross¡ns¿ l»dere late adv s¡r«; all too late imm« iam lacrosse stick (or crosse) croci·a |ae f; s¡r«; too late s¡rius; very late cradle the stick crociam agit§re s¡rissim¡ ladle tr»ll·a |ae f lately n»per lagoon st§gn·um |¿ n later poste§; a little later poste§ aliquant«; postpone till later dif·fer« lake lac·us |»s m |ferre distul¿ d¿l§tus in aliud tempus lamb agn·us |¿ m, agn·a |ae f; (as food) latest: at latest summum; perhaps agn¿n·a |ae f; lambs bleat agn¿ tomorrow, at latest the day after b§lant that fortasse cr§s, summum perendi¡ lamp lucern·a |ae f Latin (to know, read, teach, speak, land intr (of a ship) (ad terram) appell·« understand, write) Lat¿n¡; are you |ere appul¿; (of a passenger on a learning Latin? discisne Lat¿n¡?; 338 Conversational Latin

did you forget Latin? esne obl¿tus lawyer i»risper¿t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); (|a) L§t¿n¡?; do you know Latin? defense lawyer advoc§t·us |¿ m (·a n«st¿ne Lat¿n¡?; do you know how |ae f); trial lawyer causidic·us |¿ m to speak Latin? sc¿sne Lat¿n¡ loqu¿?; (·a |ae f) do you read Latin easily? legisne lay (to place) p«n·« |ere posu¿ positus; Lat¿n¡ facile?; do you speak Latin (bricks) stru·« |ere |x¿ |ctus; (eggs) (fluently)? loquerisne Lat¿n¡ par·i« |ere peper¿; lay a finger on (pr«fluenter)?; do you teach Latin? s.o. aliquem »n« digit« atting·« |ere doc¡sne Lat¿n¡?; do you understand attig¿; lay it on the line d¿r¡ctum Latin? intellegisne Lat¿n¡?; first- loquor, loqu¿ loc»tus sum; lay off! year Latin pr¿mus Lat¿nit§tis ann·us d¡sine (pl: d¡sinite) tandem! |¿ m; since when have you been layer the hair comam in grad»s frang·« learning Latin? ex qu« tempore |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus Lat¿n¡ didicist¿?; where did you study Latin? ubi Lat¿ne studuist¿?; layover commor§ti·« |«nis f who is able to write Latin? quis laziness ign§vi·a |ae f Lat¿ne scr¿bere potest? lazy ign§v·us |a |um, pi·ger |gra |grum Latin teacher Lat¿nit§tis magistr·a |ae f lead d»c·« |ere d»x¿ ductus; all roads or magist·er |r¿ m lead to Rome omn¡s viae R«mam Latium Lati·um |¿ n (district in which d»cunt Rome lies) leader pr¿nc·eps |ipis m laugh r¿d·e« |¡re r¿s¿; I laughed till I lead pencil stil·us |¿ m plumb§tus, cried r¿s¿ »sque ad lacrim§s; laugh at graphi·um |¿ n r¿d¡re learn disc·« |ere didic¿; learn by heart laundry full«nic·a |ae f, offic¿n·a |ae f ¡discere; learn thoroughly lav§t«ria; (dirty clothes) lavand§ri·a perdiscere |«rum npl learned doct·us |a |um, ¡rud¿t·us |a |um lavender lavandul§ce·us |a |um learner disc·¡ns |entis mf law l¡x, l¡gis f; (divine law) fas n (indecl); (denoting the entire body of leash s cingul·um |¿ n law) i»s, i»ris n; against the law leash tr (a dog) (canem) cingul« allig§re contr§ i»s; (against a specific law) least minim¡; at least utique, saltem contr§ l¡gem; by law l¡ge; break the law l¡gem viol§re; in accordance leather adj ex cori«; (for with the law l¡ge weatherproofing) scorte·us |a |um; leather raincoat scorte·a paenul·a lawfully l¡gitim¡ |ae f lawn pr§tul·um |¿ n; mow the lawn leather s cori·um |¿ n pr§tulum resec§re leave (depart) disc¡d·« |ere discess¿ lawnmower herbisectr·um |¿ n discess»rus; (office) ab·e« |¿re |i¿ (+ lawsuit l¿·s |tis f; bring (or file) a abl); leave it up to s.o. to … alicui lawsuit against s.o. l¿tem alicui mand§re ut (+ subj); leave me alone! intend·« |ere |¿ omitte (pl: omittite) m¡!; leave no General Vocabulary 339

stone unturned null« loc« d¡sum me go! mitte (pl: mittite) m¡!; let me d¡esse d¡fu¿ know fac (pl: facite) ut sciam; let me leave of absence comme§t·us |»s m see licet (ut) videam; let s.o. down alicui d¡sum d¡esse d¡fu¿, d¡fici·« lecherous lib¿din«s·us |a |um |ere d¡f¡c¿ (+ dat); let’s go e§mus; lectern l¡ct«ri·um |¿ n let up (of rain, snow) d¡tum¡scit |ere lecture §cro§s·is |is f; (explicating an letter s epistul·a |ae f, litter·ae |§rum author) prael¡cti·« |«nis f; give a fpl; (of the alphabet) litter·a |ae f; lecture §cro§sin facere, serm«nem letters form syllables litterae faciunt hab¡re syllab§s lecture hall aud¿t«ri·um |¿ n letter opener ¡nsicul·us |¿ m epistul§ris left sinist·er |ra |rum, laev·us |a |um; on lettuce lact»c·a |ae f the left § sinistr§; (to the) left leukemia leukaemi·a |ae f sinistr«rsum level s (instrument) l¿br·a |ae f (aqu§ria); leftovers (from a meal) reliqui·ae |§rum be on a level with s.o. par esse alicu¿ fpl lever vect·is |is m leg cr»s, cr»ris n librarian biblioth¡c§ri·us m (·a |ae f) legal l¡gitim·us |a |um, secundum l¡gem library biblioth¡c·a |ae f or l¡g¡s license (to drive) dipl«m·a |atis n legally l¡gitim¡, l¡ge or l¡gibus gubern§ti«nis legislation l¡gisl§ti·« |«nis f license plate not§cul·um |¿ n autoc¿n¡t¿ legislator l¡gisl§t·or |«ris m (in Roman lie intr (be lying down) iac·e« |¡re |u¿; government, a proposer of a bill) (in bed) cub·« |§re |u¿; (be situated) leisure time «ti·um |¿ n, temp·us |oris n sit·us |a |um esse; (tell a lie) vacuum ment·ior |¿r¿ ment¿tus sum; lie down lemon citre·um |¿ n (to rest) d¡cumb·« |ere d¡cubu¿; lie in the direction of verg·« |ere ad (+ lemonade l¿mon§t·a |ae f acc) length longit»d·« |inis f; in length in lie s fals·um |¿ n, mend§ci·um |¿ n; tell a longit»dinem lie mend§cium d¿cere lengthen tr pr«d»c·« |ere pr«d»x¿ lieutenant locumten·¡ns |entis mf pr«ductus (opp: corripere) life v¿t·a |ae f; but such is life sed v¿ta lengthwise per longit»dinem fert; it’s not a question of life or lens l¡ns, lentis f optica death n«n capitis r¡s agitur; lead the life of Riley v¿tam Chiam ger·« |ere lentil l¡n·s |tis f gess¿; on my life! ita v¿vam! leopard pard·us |¿ m life imprisonment: give s.o. life lesson l¡cti·« |«nis f, praecept·um |¿ n imprisonment aliquem damn§re let permitt·« |ere perm¿s¿ permissus; let carcer¿ quoad v¿vat fall d¡mitt·« |ere d¡m¿s¿ d¡missus; lift weights libr§menta toll·« |ere sustul¿ let fly ¡mitt·« |ere ¡m¿s¿ ¡missus; let subl§tus 340 Conversational Latin ligament lig§m·en |inis n linen adj l¿ne·us |a |um; linen cloth light adj make light of in lev¿ hab¡re saban·um |¿ n light s l»m·en |inis (¡lectricum) n; turn linen s linteum |¿ n, l¿n·um |¿ n on (off) the light l»men accend·« linesman (sports) i»d·ex |icis m |ere |¿ acc¡nsus (exped·i« |¿re |¿v¿) l¿ne§rius light bulb globul·us |¿ m ¡lectricus link s (comput) c«nex·us |»s m lighter ignit§bul·um |¿ n link tr (comput) c«nect·« |ere c«nexu¿ lightning intr it is lightning fulget c«nexus fulg¡re fulsit, fulgur§re linker (comput) c«nectr·um |¿ n lightning s fulm·en |inis n; be struck linking (comput) c«nexi·« |«nis f by lightning fulmine (or ¡ cael«) ¿cor ¿c¿ ictus sum lion le·« |«nis m, leaen·a |ae f; lions roar le«n¡s r»giunt lightning bug musc·a |ae f ignifera lip labr·um |¿ n; lower lip labrum like adj simil·is |is |e (+ gen or, more ¿nferius; upper lip labrum superius; rarely, dat); he said something like keep a stiff upper lip fac, ut anim« this haec fer¡ d¿xit; that’s more like it propemodum est fort¿ s¿s like tr (care for) c»r§re; I’d like to list numer·us |¿ m; (e-mail list) grex, velim (+ inf); I’d like you to come gregis m (interr¡ti§lis) velim (ut) veni§s; I like s.th. (best) list owner (comput) gregis moder§·tor aliquid mihi (potissimum) placet; I |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) like summer aest§s mihi placet; I listless d¡s·es |idis like the city urbs m¡ d¡lectat; I like this hoc mihi placet; I like to do this liter l¿tr·a |ae f m¡ iuvat hoc facere; I like to watch literal adj propri·us |a |um (opp: the races libenter circ¡ns¡s spect«; tr§nsl§t¿vus) stay if you like man¡ s¿ tib¿ plac¡bit literally adv propri¡, ad verbum (opp: likely v¡r¿simil·is |is |e; it is more fig»r§t¡) likely that … v¡r¿similius est (acc + inf); most likely she will come litter lect¿c·a |ae f proximum est ut veniat (or little adv paulum; a little paululum; a v¡r¿simillim¡ est eam vent»ram esse) little bigger paul« amplior line l¿ne·a |ae f; (of prose or poetry) little adj parv·us |a |um; for a little vers·us |»s m; draw a line with a while paulisper; little brother ruler l¿neam per r¡gulam d»cere; fr§tercul·us |¿ m; little sister drop me a line when you have time sororcul·a |ae f scr¿be aliquid litter§rum quand« vac§s; form a long line longum live (be alive) v¿v·« |ere v¿x¿ v¿ctum; agmen facere; in a straight line per (reside) habit§re; live it up d¿r¡ctum, r¡ct§; he’s feeding you a pergraec·or |§r¿; live near, (in the line verba tibi iste dat; lay it on the case of a river) live on the banks of line d¿r¡ctum loquor loqu¿ loc»tus accol·« |ere |u¿ accultum; live on sum (e.g., a venison) vesc·or |¿ (+ abl); General Vocabulary 341

you’re living on borrowed time d¡ lonely s«l·us |a |um lucr« v¿vis (pl: v¿vitis) long adj long·us |a |um, pr«duct·us |a live adj v¿v·us |a |um |um (opp: brevis, correptus); a vowel liveliness alacrit·§s |§tis f is long by nature or by position voc§lis est longa n§t»r§ aut positi«ne; lively ala·cer |cris |cre fifteen miles long qu¿ndecim m¿lia liver iec·ur |oris n passuum (often written: p.) in longit»dinem or qu¿ndecim m¿lia livestock pec·us |oris n passuum in longit»dinem pat¡ns living s make a living quaestum facere long adv di»; (for a) long time now or v¿ctum quaerit§re iamd»dum; how long quam di»; how living room sess«ri·um |¿ n, synoeci·um much longer quamdi» etiam; it |¿ n would take too long to … longum lizard lacert·us |¿ m, lacert·a |ae f erat (+ inf); long ago pr¿dem; long after (before) mult« post (ante); loaded (with money) c«pi«s·us |a |um; longer di»tius; too long di»tius, (drunk) madid·us |a |um nimium di» loaf intr cess§re long-distance number numer·us |¿ m loaf of bread p§n·is |is m longinquus loan argent·um ¿ n m»tuum; may I hit long for d¡s¿der§re you for a loan? licetne t¡ m»tu« longing (for) d¡s¿deri·um |¿ n (+ gen) fer¿re? long jump (sports) salt·us |»s m in lobster astac·us |¿ m longum local number numer·us |¿ m loc§lis long-sleeved manic§t·us |a |um local train tr§m·en |inis n comm»ne long-winded long·us |a |um located sit·us |a |um look aspic·i« |ere aspex¿ aspectus; locket capsell·a |ae f; wear a locket (appear, seem) videor vid¡r¿ v¿sus around the neck capsellam d¡ sum; it looks that way to me ita cerv¿ce ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus; (worn mihi vid¡tur; look! ecce!; look after by boys, of leather, silver or gold) c»r§re; look around circumspicere; bull·a |ae f; wearing a locket look at ¿nspic·i« |ere ¿nspex¿ bull§t·us |a |um ¿nspectus; look down on (despise) d¡spect§re; look for qaer·« |ere lock up occl»·d« |dere |s¿ |sus; (in quaes¿v¿ quaes¿tus: aha, the very prison) in carcerem comping·« |ere person I was looking for! attat, comp¡g¿ comp§ctus quem quaer¡bam!; look forward to locust l«cust·a |ae f; locusts chirp exspect§re; look here, you! eho t»!; l«custae str¿dent look into ¿nspicere; (examine) log in intr (comput) in·e« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ perscr»t§r¿; look like vid·eor |¡r¿ v¿sus sum similis (+ dat or gen); I log out intr (comput) ex·e« |¿re |iv¿ or don’t know what he (or she) looks |i¿ like qu§ sit faci¡, nesci«; look out of loneliness s«lit»d·« |inis f the window ex fenestr§ pr«spicere; 342 Conversational Latin

look over (someone) contempl§re; (a low intr (of cattle) m»g·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ book, essay) perleg·« |ere perl¡g¿; low adj I am low on (e.g., paper) look someone in the eye aliquem (charta) mihi d¡est; in a low voice r¡ct¿s ocul¿s intu·eor |¡r¿ intuitus summiss§ v«ce; run low d¡fic·i« |ere sum; look up (a reference) inqu¿r·« d¡f¡c¿ |ere inqu¿s¿v¿ inqu¿s¿tus in (+ acc); look up at suspicere; look up to (out low-born ign«bil·is |is |e of respect) suspicere lower jaw mand¿bul·a |ae f look-out: keep a careful look-out loyal fid¡l·is |is |e, f¿d·us |a |um; omnia circumspect§re remain loyal in fid¡ man·e« |¡re m§ns¿ look-out man ind·ex |icis m loyalty fid¡lit·§s |§tis f loose (not tight) lax·us |a |um; (morally) dissol»t·us |a |um lube job, lubrication »ncti·« |«nis f autoc¿n¡t¿ loose-leaf folder coll¡ct«ri·um |¿ n luck fort»n·a |ae f; good luck! f¡l¿citer! loose-leaf tablet c«dicill·us ¿ m chart§rum luckily f¡l¿citer lop-sided inaequ§l·is |is |e lucky f¡l·¿x |¿cis, fort»n§t·us |a |um lose (mostly unintentionally) §mitt·« |ere luggage v§s·a |«rum npl; sarcin·ae §m¿s¿ §missus; (mostly blamably) |§rum fpl; piece of luggage sarcin·a per·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus |ae f; (small) sarcinul·a |ae f loud adj magn·us |a |um, cl§r·us |a |um luggage rack retin§cul·um |¿ n sarcin§le loud adv magn§ voce, cl§r¡ luggage tag pittaci·um |¿ n sarcin§le loudmouth cl§m§t·or |«ris m, cl§m§tr·¿x lump s t»bercul·um |¿ n |¿cis f lump tr lump s.o. together with aliquem acc»d·« |ere (+ dat) loudspeaker megaph«n·um |¿ n lunch prandi·um |¿ n; eat lunch louse p¡dicul·us |¿ m prand·e« |¡re prand¿; have lunch lousy foed·us |a |um; (weather) spurc·us prandium s»m·« |ere s»mps¿ s»mptus |a |um; feel lousy s¡ male hab¡re lung pulm·« |«nis m lovable am§bil·is |is |e lust cupidit·§s |§tis f; (sexual desire) love s am·or |«ris m (followed by erga or lib¿d·« |inis f in + acc, or by gen, if the object is lying falsiloqu·us |a |um not a person); fall in love at first sight »n« aspect» in am«rem incid·« lyre lyr·a |ae f |ere |¿ love tr am§re M lover am§t·or |«ris m, am§tr·¿x |¿cis f macaroni past·a |ae f tubul§ta love seat biselli·um |¿ n (t«ment« machine m§chin·a |ae f fartum) machinery m§chin§le ¿nstr»ment·um loving am·§ns |antis |¿ n General Vocabulary 343 machinist m§chin§t·or |«ris m make the mouth water ad sal¿vam mackerel scomb·er |r¿ m facere; make up (a story) excogit§re; make up with s.o. in gr§tiam cum mad (insane) ¿ns§n·us |a |um; (angry) aliqu« red·e« |¿re |i¿ ¿r§t·us |a |um; be mad about (be madly in love with) d¡per·i« |¿re |i¿ malaria mal§ri·a |ae f (+ acc); go mad mente ali¡n§r¿; I’m mall for·um |¿ n subt¡gul§neum mad at you tibi susc¡nse« or ego tibi man vir, vir¿ m ¿r§tus sum manage c»r§re; (e.g., a bank) moder·or madam domin·a |ae f |§r¿ |§tus sum; (esp. on a large scale) magazine comment§ri·¿ |«rum mpl administr§re; if you can manage it s¿ periodic¿ im§gine¿ id c«nficere poteris magic s magica ar·s |tis f; practice manager moder§t·or |«ris m, magic magic§s art¡s exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ moder§tr·¿x |¿cis f magic, magical adj magic·us |a |um; do mane i»b·a |ae f magic tricks praest¿gi·or |§r¿ manuscript manuscr¿pt·um |¿ n magician mag·us |¿ m, mag·a |ae f many mult·¿ |ae |a magistracy magistr§t·us |»s m map chart·a |ae f geographica; map of magistrate magistr§t·us |»s m the world orb·is |is m terr§rum magnetic magn¡tic·us |a |um p¿ctus maid ancill·a |ae f, famul·a |ae f march intr iter facere mail s epistul·ae |§rum fpl, r¡s (r¡rum) March s m¡ns·is |is m M§rtius; in fpl cursu§l¡s; (postal system) curs·us March m¡nse M§rti« |»s m p»blicus; (comput) litter·ae margarine margar¿n·um |¿ n |§rum fpl ¡lectronicae, epistul·a |ae f ¡lectronica; deliver mail r¡s marijuana cannab·is |is f; smoke cursu§l¡s red·d« |dere |did¿ |ditus; marijuana f»mum cannabis s»g·« forward mail r¡s cursu§l¡s d¡fer« |ere s»x¿ d¡ferre d¡tul¿ d¡l§tus; stack of mail marine m¿l·es |itis m classicus; the multiiugae litterae fpl marines classi§ri·¿ |«rum mpl mail tr d« dare ded¿ datus; I mailed the mark tr (draw or make a mark on letter yesterday litter§s her¿ ded¿ anything) not§re; (set down mentally) mailbox capsul·a |ae f tabell§ria d¡sign§re; mark my words animum intende (pl: intendite) in dicta mea mailman tabell§ri·us |¿ m mason fa·ber |br¿ m lapid§rius mainland contin·¡ns |entis f mast m§l·us |¿ m main road vi·a |ae f pr¿ncip§lis master’s degree grad·us |»s m major in operam pr¿m§riam (cuidam discipl¿nae) dare magistr§lis make believe that adsimul§re quasi (+ match r§ment·um |¿ n flammiferum; subj), simul§re (+ acc w. inf); make (sports) cert§m·en |inis n fun of l»dific§re, ¡l»d·« |ere ¡l»s¿; mathematics mathematic·a |ae f 344 Conversational Latin matter intr it doesn’t matter to me means: by all means! maxim¡!, immo!; nihil ad m¡ pertinet; what does that by fair means r¡ct¡; by means of matter to me (you, us)? quid id me§ render by abl or per (+ acc); by no (tu§, n«b¿s) r¡fert? means haudqu§quam matter s r¡s, re¿ f; for that matter ade«; meanwhile interim no matter how… quamv¿s (+ subj); measles morbili·i |«rum mpl what on earth’s the matter? quidnam est?; what’s the matter measure intr pat·e« |¡re |u¿, collig·« with you? quid est t¡cum? or quid |ere coll¡g¿; measuring ten miles in istuc est re¿? circumference pat¡ns (or collig¡ns) decem m¿lia passuum circuit» mattress culcit·a |ae f; air mattress culcita ¿nfl§tilis meat car·« |nis f May m¡ns·is |is m M§ius; in May meatball globul·us |¿ m carneus m¡nse M§i« meat grinder m§chin·a |ae f carn§rium may: I (you, etc.) may mihi (tibi, etc.) meat tray fercul·um |¿ carn§ri·um m licet; may I leave? licetne mihi mechanic mechanicus opif·ex |icis m ab¿re? or licetne mihi (ut) abeam? (Note: in short phrases the ut is often medal nomism·a |atis n; gold (silver, omitted) bronze) medal nomisma aureum (argenteum, aereum) maybe fortasse medical practice medic¿n·a |ae f mayonnaise liqu§m·en |inis n Mag«nicum medication medic§ment·um |¿ n mayor praefect·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) urb¿ medicine medic¿n·a |ae f, medic§m·en |inis n; practice medicine meadow pr§t·um |¿ n medic¿nam exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ meal cib·us |¿ m Mediterranean Sea internum mar·e |is mean tr signific§re; (intend) vol« velle n, Tuscum mare, Tyrrh¡num mare volu¿; do you know whom I mean? meet tr & intr con·veni« |ven¿re |v¡n¿ sc¿sne quem d¿cam?; do you mean |ventus me? m¡ne v¿s? yes, you t¡; do you really mean it? aisne v¡r«? Yes, I meeting congress·us |»s m do ai«; how do you mean that? qu¿ megaphone megaph«n·um |¿ n istuc v¿s?; now you know what I melt tr dissol·v« |vere |v¿ |»tus ¶ intr mean sc¿s iam quid loquar; what liqu¡sc·« |ere does this mean? quid hoc sibi vult?; what do you mean? quid tibi v¿s?; member (of the body) membr·um |¿ n; what do you mean by that? quid (of an organization) sod§l·is |is mf istuc est verb¿?; what I mean is (in memorize ¡disc·« |ere ¡didic¿ correcting a misunderstanding) at memory memori·a |ae f; commit to enim memory memoriae mand§re; have a meaning s signific§ti·« |«nis f; basic good memory bon§ memori§ esse; if meaning pr¿nceps signific§ti« my memory serves me right s¿ ego General Vocabulary 345

satis commemin¿; in memory of in microwave oven furn·us |¿ m und§rum memoriam (+ gen) brevium mend (clothes) sarc·i« |¿re sars¿ sartus middle class «rd·« |inis m medius; (in mention s menti·« |«nis f; since Rome) equit·¡s |um mpl mention has been made of money middle school schol·a |ae f media quoniam numm«rum menti« facta est midget n§n·us |¿ m, n§n·a |ae f mention tr I don’t want to mention midnight media no·x, |ctis f; around him by name eum n«l« n«min§re; midnight medi§ circiter nocte; at not to mention ut n«n (or nihil) midnight (d¡) medi§ nocte; before d¿cam d¡ (+ abl); not to mention the midnight ante mediam noctem fact that … ut mittam quod (+ indic) midwife obstetr·¿x |¿cis f menu cib«rum ind·ex |icis m, cib«rum tabell·a |ae f; (comput) iuss«rum migraine h¡micr§ni·a |ae f; have a tabell·a |ae f migraine headache dol·e« |¡re |u¿ ab h¡micr§ni§ merchandise v¡n§lici·a |«rum npl, merc·¡s |ium fpl mild cl¡m·¡ns |entis, m¿t·is |is |e merchant merc§t·or |«ris m; (in a mile mille pass·»s |uum mpl; two miles market) macell§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) duo m¿lia npl passuum mermaid nymph·a |ae f mar¿na military m¿lit§r·is |is |e; military age aet·§s |§tis f m¿lit§ris; military merrily hilar¡, f¡st¿v¡ service m¿liti·a |ae f; enter military merry hilar·is |is |e, hilar·us |a |um; service m¿litiam in¿re; perform Merry Christmas! Faustum ac military service m¿lit§re; the F¡l¿cem Chr¿st¿ N§t§lem (tibi military m¿liti·a |ae f exopt«)! Fausta F¡sta N§t§licia milk s lac lactis n Chr¿st¿ (tibi exopt«)! milk tr mul·ge« |g¡re |s¿ |sus or |ctus merry-go-round circumvect§bul·um |¿ n mince: without mincing words sine mess (dirt) squ§l·or |«ris m; (confusion) f»c« ac fall§ci¿s turb·a |ae f; geez, what a mess! eu mind tr (look after) c»r§re, tu·eor |¡r¿ edepol r¡s turbulent§s!; make a mess tuitus sum; (regard) respic·i« |ere of it turb§s conci·e« |¡re conc¿v¿ respex¿ respectus; (object to) aegr¡ conc¿tus (or molest¡) fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; I message n»nti·us |¿ m don’t mind if you stay n«n lab«r« s¿ man¡s; if you don’t mind s¿ tibi metal metall·um |¿ n molestum n«n est; s¿ tibi vid¡tur; meter (unit of measure, verse) metr·um mind my words auscult§ (pl: |¿ n auscult§te) dict¿s me¿s!; mind one’s meticulous acc»r§t·us |a |um own business neg«tium suum ag« agere ¡g¿; never mind! sine! (pl: microphone microph«n·um |¿ n sinite!); never mind what he says microscope microscopi·um |¿ n mitte (pl: mittite) quod d¿cit 346 Conversational Latin mind s m¡n·s |tis f, anim·us |¿ m; be in misbehave s¡ male (or indec«r¡) ger·« one’s right mind apud s¡ esse; |ere gess¿ change one’s mind sententiam miserable mis·er |era |erum m»t§re; come to mind in mentem ven¿re; enter my mind mihi in misery miseri·a |ae f mentem ven¿re; have in mind to in misquote ali¿s verb¿s p«n·« |ere posu¿ anim« hab¡re (+ inf); he’s out of his positus mind ali¡n§tus est § s¡; I made up miss (feel the want of) d¡s¿der§re; (pass my mind to leave constitu¿ hinc by without noticing) praeter·mitt« ab¿re or certum est mihi hinc ab¿re; I |mittere |m¿s¿; miss the mark was out of my mind when … d¡stin§t« aberr§re d¡sipi¡bam mentis cum … ; it slipped my mind to write to you missile miss¿l·e |is n f»git m¡ ad t¡ scr¿bere; of sound mist nebul·a |ae f mind comp·os |otis mentis; set your mistake err·or |«ris m, err§t·um |¿ n; mind at ease hab¡ animum l¡nem et (esp. in writing) mend·um |¿ n; by tranquillum; what’s on your mind? mistake impr»d¡ns, perperam; make quid tibi in anim« est? a mistake err§re; you’re making a mine s metall·um |¿ n, fod¿n·a |ae f; big mistake err§s pervers¡ or coal mine fod¿n·a |ae f carb«n§ria; vehementer err§s gold mine aurifod¿n·a |ae f; gold mistaken (idea) fals·us |a |um; unless I (lead, iron, copper, silver, tin) mine am mistaken nisi fallor metallum aur¿ (plumb¿, ferr¿, cupr¿, misty nebul«s·us |a |um argent¿, plumb¿ alb¿); mine shaft fod¿nae pute·us |¿ m mixed salad comm¿xta ac¡t§ri·a |«rum npl mine tr effod·i« |ere eff«d¿ eff«ssus mixer m§chin·a |ae f m¿xt«ria miner metall§ri·us |¿ m, f«ss·or |«ris m mobile home domuncul·a |ae f mineral water aqu·a |ae f miner§lis subrot§ta; (trailer home) miniskirt castul·a |ae f brevissima (or habit§cul·um |¿ n remulc§tum d¡curt§ta) model exempl·ar |§ris n; (of clothes) minister (eccl) minis·ter |tr¿ m (·tra vestiment«rum m«nst§tr·¿x |¿cis f (or |trae f), p§st·or |«ris m m«nstr§t·or |«ris m) minute min»t·a, |ae f; any minute now modem (comput) tr§nsmodul§tr·um |¿ n iam iamque; in a minute m«ment« moderate (of persons) moder§t·us |a temporis; the minute I saw you |um; (of things) modic·us |a |um; of extempl« ubi ego t¡ v¿d¿; this minute moderate size modic·us |a |um (right now) iam; (immediately) §ct»tum; wait a minute man¡ dum modest modest·us |a |um mirror specul·um |¿ n; look at oneself modesty modesti·a |ae f in the mirror s¡ in specul« intu·eor modify tr adicior adic¿ adiectus sum (+ |¡r¿; look into the mirror in dat); which noun does “bonus” speculum ¿nspic·i« |ere ¿nspex¿ modify? cui n«min¿ “bonus” ¿nspectus adicitur? General Vocabulary 347 modifying adj adiect·us |a |um (+ dat) read” modus subi»nct¿vus, ut “cum molars dent¡s mpl mol§r¡s legam” mole talp·a |ae f moose alc·¡s |is f mom mamm·a |ae f moped autobirotul·a |ae f more adj pl»s, pl»ris n; pl»r·¡s |ium mf moment moment·um |¿ n temporis; at pl; (denoting greater extent of space any moment omnibus moment¿s; at or time; also number) amplius; more the very moment ips« tempore; at (things) pl»r·a |ium npl; but more the very same moment p»nct« of this another time sed d¡ h«c ali§s temporis e«dem; for a moment pl»ribus; more money, strength, paulisper; in a moment (i.e., power pl»s pec»niae, virium, presently) statim; just a moment ago potentiae modo more adv magis; more or less magis Monday di·¡s |¡¿ m L»nae minusve; more than magis quam; money argent·um |¿ n, pec»ni·a |ae f, more (less) than … years old m§ior numm·¿ |«rum mpl; (of paper) (minor) … ann«s n§t·us |a |um mon¡t·a |ae f chart§cea moreover praetere§ money belt ventr§l·e |is n; (of cloth) morning m§t»t¿n·um |¿ n, temp·us |oris z«n·a |ae f n m§t»t¿num; early in the morning money order (numm§rium) mand§t·um bene m§ne, mult« m§ne; from |¿ n cursu§le morning till evening § m§ne »sque ad vesperam; good morning! salv¡!; monitor (comput) monit«ri·um |¿ n, in the morning m§ne; sleep all caps·a |ae f comput§tr§lis morning t«tum m§ne dorm¿re; the monkey s¿mi·us |¿ m, s¿mi·a |ae f; (as next morning m§ne postr¿di¡; this term of abuse) you monkey! s¿mia!; morning hodi¡ m§ne monkeys chatter s¿mi¿ str¿dent mortar har¡n§t·um |¿ n monopoly monop«li·um |¿ n; play mortgage s hypoth¡c·a |ae f; pay off a monopoly monop«li« l»dere mortgage hypoth¡cam l¿ber§re; take monosyllable s monosyllab·a |ae f out a mortgage hypoth¡cam oblig§re month m¡ns·is |is m mortgage tr hypoth¡c§ oblig§re monument monument·um |¿ n mosquito cul·ex |icis m moo m»g·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ most adj pler¿que, pleraeque, pleraque; most people pler¿que or pler¿que mood affect·us |»s m anim¿, anim·us |¿ homin¡s m; (gram) mod·us |¿ m; be in a good mood bonum animum hab¡re; get most adv (with verbs) maxim¡; (with over one’s mood animum super§re; adjs and advs, expressed by the imperative mood, e.g., “read!” superlative degree); (in the case of modus imper§t¿vus, ut “lege!”; an adj in |ius maxim¡ + positive) indicative mood, e.g., “I read” mostly (for the most part, principally) modus indic§t¿vus, ut “leg«”; maximam partem; (generally) subjunctive mood, e.g., “although I pl¡rumque 348 Conversational Latin motel d¡vers«ri·um |¿ n vehicul§rium mouse (animal) m»s, m»ris m; (comput) moth blatt·a |ae f m»s, m»ris m, m»scul·us |¿ m; mice squeak m»r¡s mintriunt mother m§·ter |tris f mouse clicker (comput) m»ris mother-in-law socr·us |»s f puls§bul·um |¿ n motherless m§tre orb·us |a |um mouth «s, «ris n; (of a river) «sti·um |¿ motherly m§tern·us |a |um n; I had better keep my mouth shut taceam optimum est; shut your motion m«t·us |»s m; (parl) sententi·a mouth! obser§ «s tuum! |ae f; approve a motion sententiam comprob§re; make a motion mouthful bucc·a |ae f regarding refer« referre rettul¿ move tr mov·e« |¡re m«v¿ m«tus ¶ intr rel§tus d¡ (+ abl); on my motion m¡ mov¡r¿, s¡ mov¡re; (to change referente; oppose a motion residence) migr§re sententiae [dat] obsist·« |ere obstit¿ movie taeniol·a |ae f c¿n¡matographica, motivate concit§re f§bul·a |ae f c¿n¡matographica; go to motivation (for) rati·« |«nis f (+ gen); see (watch) a movie taeniolam incit§ment·um |¿ n; motivation to c¿n¡matographicam v¿s·« |ere |¿; study incit§mentum studiend¿ show a movie taeniolam c¿n¡matographicam exhib·e« |¡re |u¿ motive caus·a |ae f, rati·« |«nis f; what |itus (see Chapter V) was his motive in coming? Cuius re¿ caus§ v¡nerat?; he had a strong movie camera m§chinul·a |ae f motive magna rati« e¿ erat c¿n¡matographica motor m«t«ri·um |¿ n, m«tr·um |¿ n movie projector pr«iect«ri·um |¿ n c¿n¡matographicum motor boat scaph·a |ae f automat§ria movie screen linte·um |¿ n l§t¡ extentum motorcycle autobirot·a |ae f movie theater c¿n¡mat¡·um |¿ n; go the motorcylist autobirot§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae movie theater (or to the movies) in f) c¿n¡mat¡um e« ¿re ¿v¿ motorist autoraed§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), movies im§gin·¡s |um fpl movent¡s autoc¿n¡tist·¡s |ae mf mow the lawn gr§men (or pr§tulum) motor oil ole·um |¿ n m«t«ri¿ resec« |§re |u¿ |tus mountain m«n·s |tis m muffin scribl¿t·a |ae f mountain chain mont·¡s |ium mpl mug s (cup) pocul·um |¿ n perpetu¿ mug tr mulc§re mountain climbing asc¡nsi·« |«nis f montium (see Chapter V) mugger percuss·or |«ris m mountainous montu«s·us |a |um, muggy aestu«s·us |a |um mont§n·us |a |um mulberry m«r·um |¿ n mourn tr & intr l»g·e« |¡re l»x¿ l»ctus mule m»l·us |¿ m, m»l·a |ae f; mules mourning maer·or |«ris m; (outward bray m»l¿ rudunt expression of grief) l»ct·us |»s m mull over aestu§re in (+ abl) General Vocabulary 349 mumps par«t¿t·is |idis f mythological m£thologic·us |a |um municipality m»nicipi·um |¿ n mythology m£thologi·a |ae f murder s nex, necis f (passive in sense while caed¡s is active in sense); (by N hacking or striking) caed·¡s |is f, occ¿si·« |«nis f nag tr obiurgit§re murder tr (by wicked and cruel means) nail clav·us |¿ m; (of a finger, toe) nec§re; (violently and ruthlessly) ungu·is |is m; cut the nails ungu¡s tr»c¿d§re; (by hacking or striking) resec·« |§re |u¿ |tus; drive in a nail caed·« |ere cec¿d¿ caesus; murder a cl§vum f¿g·« |ere f¿x¿ f¿xus; you hit song canticum lacer§re the nail on the head t» rem ac» murderer nec§t·or |«ris m, homic¿d·a tetigist¿ |ae mf; (of a father, mother, or near nail tr (to) cl§v« (or cl§v¿s) c«nf¿g·« relative) parric¿d·a |ae mf |ere c«nf¿x¿ c«nf¿ctus (+ dat of that to murderess nec§tr·¿x |¿cis f which); to nail (boards) together (tabul§s) inter s¡ cl§v¿s c«nf¿gere muscle m»scul·us |¿ m; pull a muscle m»sculum distorqu·e« |¡re distors¿ name s n«m·en |inis n; Varr« by name distortus n«mine Varr« muscle-bound m»scul¿s c«ntrict·us |a name tr n«min§re; (enumerate) |um nuncup§re muscular m»scul«s·us |a |um nap brevis somn·us ¿ m; take a nap brevem somnum capere museum m»s¡·um |¿ n napkin mapp·a |ae f, mappul·a |ae f mushroom fung·us |¿ m; (a choice kind) b«l¡t·us |¿ m narcotic medic§ment·um |¿ n psychotropium music m»sic·a |ae f narrow angust·us |a |um, tenu·is |is |e musical m»sic·us |a |um; musical instrument ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n narrow-minded angust·us |a |um; be m»sicum; musical note not·a |ae f narrow-minded angust¿ anim¿ esse m»sic§lis narrow-mindedness angusti·ae |§rum musician m»sic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) fpl (pectoris) must: I (you) must go mihi (tibi) nasty (foul) foed·us |a |um; (mean) eundum est turpis |is |e mustache subi·um |¿ n nation g¡n·s |tis f mustard sin§p·is |is f natural secundum n§t»ram; (unaffected) mutter muss§re incomposit·us |a |um, simpl·ex |icis mutual m»tu·us |a |um naturally n§t»r§liter; (of course) nempe, utpote; (unaffectedly) simpliciter my me·us |a |um nature n§t»r·a |ae f; (physical world) my oh my! vae miser« (-ae) mihi! n§t»ra r¡rum; (of a person) myth m£th·os |¿ m ingeni·um |¿ n 350 Conversational Latin naughty improb·us |a |um; (saucy) negligent neglig·¡ns |entis petul·§ns |antis neigh intr hinn·i« |¿re |i¿; neigh at naval n§v§l·is |is |e adhinn¿re navel umbilic·us |¿ m neigh s hinn¿t·us |»s m navigable n§vig§bi·lis |is |e neighbor (on the border) f¿nitim·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); (nearby or next door) navy c«pi·ae |§rum fpl n§v§l¡s; have a proxim·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); (one in the powerful navy n§vibus pl»rimum neighborhood) v¿c¿n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) posse neighborhood v¿c¿ni·a |ae f near adj (not distant in place or time) propinqu·us |a |um; (neighboring) neither neu·ter |tra |trum; that’s v¿c¿n·us |a |um (+ dat), prope (+ acc) neither here nor there (a matter of indifference) susque d¡que est near prep prope (+ acc) nephew f¿li·us |¿ m sor«ris; f¿lius fr§tris nearby in proxim« nerd inconcinn·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) nearsighted my·«ps |«pis nerve nerv·us |¿ m; what nerve! O nearsightedness my«pi·a |ae f aud§ciam! neat (clean; elegant) mund·us |a |um; nervous intent·us |a |um, trepid·us |a neat! optim¡! |um necessary necess§ri·us |a |um; if it is nervousness trepid§ti·« |«nis f, anim·us necessary for you to stay on s¿ opus |¿ m trepidus est t¡ commor§r¿; if it is necessary for your health s¿ opus est ad tuam nest n¿d·us |¿ m; build a nest n¿dific§re val¡t»dinem; it is necessary necesse net (also comput) r¡t·e |is n est neuter adj neu·ter |tra |trum, neutr§l·is neck coll·um |¿ n, cerv·¿x |¿cis f (usually |is |e; in the neuter neutr§liter used in the plural) neutral null¿us partis (esse) necklace torqu·¡s |is m, mon¿l·e |is n; never numquam; never yet n«ndum (of precious stones) mon¿le gemm§tum nevertheless tamen, nihil«s¡tius necktie f«c§l·e |is n new nov·us |a |um need d¡s¿der§re; eg·e« |¡re |u¿ (+ abl, news (esp. brought by a messenger) n»nti·us |¿ m; I just got news that more rarely + gen); I (you, we) need modo mihi n»nti§tum est (+ acc w. money opus est mihi (tibi, n«b¿s) inf); if you happen to have any argent« [abl] news about … s¿ quid forte nov¿ needle ac·us |»s f hab¡s d¡ (+ abl); if you have no needless to say quid quaeris?; quid news about … s¿ nihil nov¿ hab¡s d¡ multa? (+ abl); I’ll tell you when I have any news narr§b«, cum aliquid needy in·ops |opis hab¡b« nov¿; is there any news? negligence negligenti·a |ae f, inc»ri·a numquid nov¿? no other news nihil |ae f praetere§ nov¿ General Vocabulary 351 news broadcast n»nti¿ |«rum mpl following night proxim§ (or (radioph«nic¿, t¡lev¿sific¿) ¿nsequente nocte; (on) the night newscast t¡ledi§ri·um |¿ n before last superi«re nocte; spend the night pernoct§re; till late at newspaper §ct·a |«rum npl diurna, night ad multam noctem di§ri·um |¿ n; morning (evening) newspaper di§rium matut¿num nightclub discoth¡c·a |ae f (vespert¿num); newspaper article nightfall: at nightfall sub noctem; till comment§ti·« |«nis f; weekly nightfall »sque ad noctem newspaper §cta hebdomad§lia nightgown cam¿si·a |ae f nocturna newsstand di§ri«rum tabernul·a |ae f nightmare somni·um |¿ n turbulentum; next adj proxim·us |a |um; next to have a nightmare somnium proxim·us |a |um (+ dat), iuxt§ (+ turbul¡ntum pat·ior |¿ passus sum acc) night owl (person) noctis av·is |is f; next adv proxim¡; next comes, then … (bird) noctu·a |ae f then … after that unde … dein … dein … inde … night table m¡nsul·a |ae f cubicul§ris nice (courteous) concinn·us |a; (in nipple papill·a |ae f personality) lepid·us |a; (cute) nitwit barcal·a |ae mf bell·us |a |um; nice weather caelum ser¡num; it was nice of you to invite no adj n»ll·us |a |um; no one n¡m·« me, but no, thank you bene voc§s, |inis m; no parking cav¡ statu§s sed tam gr§tia est; it wasn’t nice of vehiculum!; no passing cav¡ you to say that n«n bell¡ f¡cist¿ qu¿ praeveh§ris!; no stopping n¡ sistit«!; id d¿xeris; say s.th. nice aliquid bell¿ no way! n»ll« mod«! or n¡qu§quam! d¿cere no adv n«n, minim¡; no longer n«n iam, nick: in the nick of time in ips« articul« n«n di»tius temporis noble (sentiments) grand·is |is |e nickname agn«m·en |inis n nominative adj n«min§t¿v·us |a |um niece f¿li·a |ae f sor«ris; f¿li·a |ae f nonsense n»g·ae |§rum fpl; cut out the fr§tris nonsense! omitte (pl: omittite) night nox, noctis f; at night noct», d¡ n»g§s! no nonsense! n¡ n»g§re! nocte; at this time of night h«c that’s a lot of nonsense n»gae sunt noctis; by night noct», d¡ nocte; day istae magnae; you are talking and night (continually) per di¡s et nonsense n»g§s garris; n»g§ris noct¡s, diem noctemque; every night nonsense! n»g§s! (acc is frequent with per singul§s noct¡s; from morning exclamations) till night § m§ne ad noctem »sque; good night (greeting) bene vale§s et noodle coll£r·a |ae f qui¡sc§s; last night proxim§ nocte; noodle soup i»·s |ris n coll£ricum late at night mult§ d¡ nocte; night after night per singul§s noct¡s; night noon mer¿di·¡s |¡¿ m; at noon mer¿di¡; and day (continually) noct¡s et di¡s; before noon ante mer¿di¡m one night qu§dem nocte; on the north adj septentri«n§l·is |is |e 352 Conversational Latin north adv ad septentri«n¡s; north of now nunc; (denoting emphasis and supr§ (+ acc) urgency) iam; (transitional, never in north s septentri«n·¡s |um mpl; on the first place) autem; even now etiam north § septentri«nibus nunc; just now (a moment ago) modo; now and then subinde; now northern septentri«n§l·is |is |e at last nunc tandem; now here’s the northward in septentri«n¡s versus point nunc cogn«sce rem; now … [versus is an adverb] now modo … modo; now that poste§quam (+ indic); now what? north wind Aquil·« |«nis m quid nunc?; right now (immediately) nose n§s·us |¿ m; have a good nose for iam iam; ten years from now ad these things haec f¡st¿v¡ od«r§r¿; decem ann«s under his very nose ante ocul«s nowadays hodi¡, nunc nosey c»ri«s·us |a |um; I don’t want to nowhere nusquam be nosey but … n«n libet c»ri«sus (|a) esse sed … nuclear nucle§r·is |is |e; nuclear power v¿s f nucle§ris nostrils n§r·¡s |ium fpl nudge fodic§re not n«n; haud (more emphatic than n«n, and used chiefly before adjs and number s numer·us |¿ m advs); (softened negative) parum; numeral s n«m·en |inis n numer§le (ut and not nec, neque; not at all n«n “»nus,” “duo,” “ tr¡s” one, two, omn¿n«; not bad n«n male; not even three) n¡ … quidem; not only … but also nurse nosocom·a |ae f; (male) n«n s«lum … sed etiam; not that nosocom·us |¿ m n«n quod (+ subj); not yet n«ndum nursery concl§v·e |is n ¿nfantium note s not·a |ae f; (short letter) codicill·¿ |«rum mpl; musical note nota nursing home nosocomi·um |¿ n m»sica; notes annot§ti«n·¡s |um fpl; nut nux, nucis f; be nuts about take notes ¡not§re, annnot§re someone (am«re) d¡per·e« |¿re |i¿ note tr not§re; note down ¡not§re aliquem; he is a nut n»ga iste est; he’s nuts ali¡n§tus est § s¡; you’re notebook libell·us |¿ m, pugill§r·¡s |ium nuts d¡l¿r§s mpl nutty (coll) baceol·us |a |um note pad pugill§r·¡s |ium mpl nymph nymph·a |ae f mar¿na nothing nihil notice animad·vert« |vertere |vert¿ |versus O notorious n«t·us |a |um, ¿nf§m·is |is |e oak adj r«bore·us |a |um noun s n«m·en |inis n; (of an inanimate oak r«b·ur |uris n, querc·us |»s f object) voc§bul·um |¿ n oats av¡n·a |ae f novel op·us |eris n fabul«sum obedient (to) oboedi¡ns |entis (dat) November m¡ns·is |is m November; in object s (gram) expressed by the verb November m¡nse Novembr¿ adiung¿, for example, “the man” is General Vocabulary 353

the object of the verb “hic hom«” o’clock: at two o’clock h«r§ di¡¿ verb« adiungitur [Note: Roman secund§ (see p. 81) grammarians never used the word October m¡ns·is |is m Oct«ber; in “obiectum” in connection with a October m¡nse Oct«br¿ verb or preposition. Whereas we odd (strange) ¿nsolit·us |a |um, m¿r·us would say, for example, “man is the |a |um; (number) imp§r, imparis; object of the verb” the Romans how odd! r¿diculum! would say “man is joined to the verb.” See also the definition of off (said of an island) ante (+ acc); off “modify” above.] (the coast of) Italy ante Italiam ; be far off procul esse; be a long way object (to) obsist·« |ere obstit¿ (+ dat) off long¡ abesse; be off to hinc ab·e« objection: I have no objection per m¡ |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ ad (+ acc); be well off licet; if you have no objection s¿ per locupl¡s esse; I’m off to the forum t¡ licet ego hinc m¡ ad forum (ag«); where are you off to? qu« t¡ agis? object lesson document·um |¿ n offenses d¡lict·a |«rum npl obliged: I’m much obliged to you for sending me your book f¡cist¿ mihi offhand remark dict·um |¿ n pergr§tum quod librum ad m¡ m¿sist¿ inc»ri«sum obliging commod·us |a |um offhand: ex tempore; say offhand d¡ summ« pectore d¿cere obscurity ign«bilit·§s |§tis f office hon·or |«ris m, magistr§t·us |»s obviously manifest« m; (work place) offic¿n·a |ae f; occasion: for the occasion in tempus; if (teacher’s) studiol·um |¿ n; gain an occasion should arise s¿ fuerit office magistr§tum (or hon«rem) occ§si« adsequ·or |¿ adsec»tus sum occasionally per occ§si«nem, subinde officer praefect·us |¿ m; cavalry officer praefectus equitum; (police) vig·il occupation (means of livelihood) |ilis mf quaest·us |»s m; what is your occupation? quem quaestum facis? offside: be offside se«rsum st« st§re stet¿ occupy (take possession of) occup§re; (take by force) cap·i« |ere c¡p¿ often saepe, n«nnumquam captus; be occupied with something oh boy! eu! in aliqu§ r¡ vers§r¿ oh my! vae mihi! occur (take place) incid·« |ere |¿; (come oho! eho! up) obven·i« |¿re; that had never O.K. fiat or licet; if it’s O.K. with you occurred to me mihi istuc numquam s¿ tibi vid¡tur; we’re O.K. bene in mentem v¡nerat. hab¡mus ocean «cean·us |¿ m; the Atlantic old vet·us |eris (single-ending adj), Ocean «ceanus Atlanticus or mare vetul·us |a |um; be … years old … Atlanticum ann«s n§t·us |a |um esse; older ochre s¿l§ce·us |a |um m§ior n§t»; oldest maxim·us |a n§t» 354 Conversational Latin old age senect·»s |»tis f, senect·a |ae f opera house the§tr·um |¿ n old-age home gerontocomi·um |¿ n melodr§m§ticum operate on sec·« |§re |u¿ |tus old lady an·us |»s f; little old lady anicul·a |ae f operating system (comput) syst¡m·a |atis n internum old man sen·ex |is m operation oper§ti·« |«nis f; (surgical) old woman an·us |»s f secti·« |«nis f (or oper§tio) medica; oldster sen·ex |is m conduct military operations r¡s olive ol¿v·a |ae f ger·« |ere gess¿ operetta melodr§m§ti·um |¿ n olive oil ole·um |¿ n opinion sententi·a |ae f; express an omelet lagan·um |¿ n ex «v¿s opinion sententiam d¿cere; in my once (on a certain occasion) qu«dam opinion me§ sententi§, me« i»dici«; di¡; (one time) semel; once I get what is your opinion about … ? started, I can’t stop quand« incipi«, quid op¿n§ris d¡ (+ abl)? d¡sinere n«n que«; at once opinion poll interrog§ti·« |«nis f (immediately) ¿lic«, statim; (politica) (simultaneously) simul; once and for opponent advers§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); all semel in perpetuum; once or (for office) compet¿·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x twice semel atque iterum; once upon |tr¿cis f) a time «lim opposite prep versus (+ acc) (often one »n·us |a |um; at one time postpositive), adversum (+ acc), (formerly) «lim; one another inter contr§ + acc); opposite of ex advers« s¡: they embraced one another inter or exadvers« (+ gen) s¡ amplex¿ sunt; one and the same »nus et ¿dem; one house »nae aed·¡s optician fa·ber |br¿ m opticus |ium fpl; one … the other alter … or aut, vel; (in double questions) an alter; one would think cr¡der¡s; we orange adj (color) auranti·us |a |um, can discuss that one on one d¡ e« l»te·us |a |um c«ram disput§re possumus orange m§l·um |¿ n aurantium; (color) one-way street vi·a |ae f »n¿us curs»s col·or |«ris m l»teus onion caep·a |ae f orangeade m§l¿ auranti¿ p«ti·« |«nis f only s«lum, tantummodo (usu. after the orange juice auranti¿ succ·us |¿ m word it emphasizes) orbit orbit·a |ae f open adj (not shut) apert·us |a |um; orchard p«m§ri·um |¿ n (candid) candid·us |a |um; in the orchestra symph«ni·a |ae f, open (air) sub d¿v« symph«niac·¿ |«rum mpl open tr aper·i« |¿re aperu¿ apertus ordinal adj «rdin§l·is |is |e (ut “pr¿mus” openly pr«palam first) opera melodr§m·a |atis n; go to see an organ (anat) v¿sc·us |eris n; (musical opera melodr§ma v¿s·« |ere |¿ instrument) organ·um |¿ n m»sicum General Vocabulary 355 ostrich str»thiocam¡l·us |¿ m (see bird) overhead projector pr«iect«ri·um |¿ n other ali·us |a |ud super§capit§le ouch! au!; ei!; oeei! overtime (in a game) additicium temp·us |oris n ought d¡b·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus overture ex«rdi·um |¿ n (melodr§matis) ounce »nci·a |ae f overwhelmed: be overwhelmed with our nost·er |ra |rum work obru·or |¿ obrutus sum, out: out of doors for¿s; out of place: if tamquam fl»ct», s¿c opere it is not out of place nisi ali¡num owl b»b·« |«nis m; owls hoot b»b«n¡s est; out of fear propter metum; out b»bilant (see bird) of wood d¡ lign«; out with it! (tell ox b«s, bovis m; oxen bellow bov¡s me!) cedo! (pl: cette!) [an old boant imperative]; the book is not yet out liber ¡ pr¡l« n«ndum exiit oyster ostre·a |ae f outdo super§re oyster bed ostre§ri·um |¿ n outdoors for¿s oyster shell ostreae test·a |ae f outfielder extern·us cust·«s |«dis mf outfit habit·us |»s m, synthes·is |is f P outlet (electrical) ¡lectrica capsul·a |ae f pack (e.g., a theater) stip§re; pack up the luggage sarcin§s (or sarcinul§s cont§ct»s or v§sa) collig·« |ere coll¡g¿ outline d¡l¿ne§ti·« |«nis f coll¡ctus outline tr d¡l¿ne§re pack s (of cigarettes) capsell·a |ae f; output (comput) exit·us |»s m (throng) turb·a |ae f outside (direction) for§s; (position) for¿s package, packet fascicul·us |¿ m outspoken l¿beri·or (gen: |«ris) page p§gin·a |ae f; at the bottom (top) of the page in ¿m§ (summ§) p§gin§ outstanding praest·§ns |antis pain dol·or |«ris m; be a big pain in the oven furn·us |¿ m neck molestissim·us |a |um esse; feel over (above) (with motion) super (+ pain dol«re affic·ior |¿ affectus sum; acc); (in position) supr§ (+ acc); it’s be in pain dol·e« |¡re |u¿; severe all over! §ctum est!; over sixty years pain ing¡ns or vehem¡ns dolor; stop old m§ior (quam) ann«s sex§gint§ being a pain in the neck molestus n§t·us |a; when the battle was over (|a) n¡ s¿s; take pains to operam c«nfect« proeli« dare ut (+ subj) overalls encomb«m·a |atis n painstaking oper«s·us |a |um overcast n»bil«s·us |a |um, n»bil·us |a paint s pigment·um |¿ n |um; become overcast n»bil§re paint tr & intr ping·« |ere p¿nx¿ p¿ctus overcoat superind»ment·um |¿ n paint brush p¡nicill·us |¿ m over-confident nimis c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis painter p¿ct·or |«ris m, p¿ctr·¿x |¿cis f 356 Conversational Latin painting (the art; picture) p¿ct»r·a |ae f; park tr (the car) autoc¿n¡tum statu«, (painting on a board) tabul·a |ae f statuere, statu¿ (p¿cta) (see Chapter V) parking fee tax·a |ae f stat¿va pair p§r paris n parking lot §re·a |ae f stat¿va pajamas synthes·is |is f dorm¿t«ria parking-lot attendant cust·«s |«dis mf palate pal§t·um |¿ n §reae stat¿vae pale pallid·us |a |um parking meter statimetr·um |¿ n; put a palm (of the hand) palm·a |ae f coin into the parking meter nummum in statimetrum immitt·« pancake artolagan·um |¿ n |ere imm¿s¿ immissus panther panth¡r·a |ae f parking: no parking! cav¡ statu§s pantry cell·a |ae f p¡n§ria vehiculum pants br§c·ae |§rum fpl; hot pants parliament parl§ment·um |¿ n; member perbrev¡s br§cae f¡mineae of parliament parl§ment§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) pantyhose t¿bi§l·ia |ium npl br§c§ria parrot psittac·us |¿ m paper chart·a |ae f parse tr propriet§t¡s (+ gen) d¡scr¿b·« paper adj chartace·us |a |um |ere d¡scr¿ps¿ paperback lib·er |r¿ m chart§ cont¡ctus parsley petrosel¿n·um |¿ n paper clip f¿bicul·a |ae f chart§rum part s par·s |tis f; (in the hair) paperhanger tap¡t§ri·us |¿ m discr¿m·en |inis n paprika capsic·um |¿ n part tr (the hair) discr¿min§re parachute d¡cidicul·um |¿ n part of speech par·s |tis f «r§ti«nis paragraph paragraph·us |¿ m, cap·ut participle participi·um |¿ n; past or |utis n perfect participle praeterit¿ temporis parakeet psittacul·us |¿ m participium; present participle praesentis temporis participium parallel bars hast·ae |§rum fpl parall¡lae particle particul·a |ae f (namely, the four parts of speech that are parcel fasc·is |is m (or fascicul·us |¿ m) indeclinable: adverb, preposition, cursu§lis conjunction, interjection) pardon s veni·a |ae f; grant s.o. a particular particul§r·is |is |e; in pardon veniam alicui dare; obtain particular potissimum pardon veniam impetr§re partly partim; it is partly cloudy pardon tr ign«sc·« |ere ign«v¿ (+ dat); (sunny) today (caelum) hodi¡ est pardon me for what I said ign«sce partim n»bil«sum (apr¿cum) mihi, quod d¿xer« partridge perd·¿x |¿cis mf (see bird) parent par¡ns |entis mf party (side) par·s |tis f, facti·« |«nis f; parentage gen·us |eris n (celebration) conv¿vi·um |¿ n; give a park s hort·¿ |«rum mpl, virid§ri·um |¿ n party conv¿vium dare; throw a General Vocabulary 357

party conv¿vium agit§re; join a passport comme§t»s dipl«m·a |atis n party part¿ s¡ adiun·g« |gere |x¿ password (also comput) tesser·a |ae f pass s (defile) salt·us |»s m; (basketball) past prep praeter (+ acc) corbifoll·is |is m tr§nsmissus; (football) pedifoll·is |is m past s praeterit·a |«rum npl; (gram) tr§nsmissus praeterit·um temp·us |oris n; in the past anteh§c pass tr (go by) praeter·e« |¿re |i¿ |itus; (ride by) praeter·vehor |veh¿ |vectus pasta coll£r·a |ae f sum; (the time, life) ter·« |ere tr¿v¿ pastries cupp¡di·a |«rum npl tr¿tus; (basketball, football, lacrosse) pastry baker cupp¡din§ri·us |¿ m (·a tr§ns·mitt« |mittere |m¿s¿ |missus; |ae f) pass a law (rog§ti«nem or l¡gem) perfer« perferre pertul¿ perl§tus; pass pastry shop cuppedin§ri·a |ae f around circum·fer« |ferre |tul¿ pasture p§scu·um |¿ n |l§tus; pass a test prob§ti«nem pathetic ¡l§ment§bil·is |is |e sustin·e« |¡re |u¿; pass out distribu·« |ere |u¿ |tus; pass sentence d¡cern·« patience patienti·a |ae f |ere d¡cr¡v¿ d¡cr¡tus; pass the patient adj pati·¡ns |entis bread, please! porrige p§nem quaes« patient s ae·ger |gr¿ m, ae·gra |grae f ¶ intr (of time) tr§ns¿re; pass away (die) d¡c¡d·« |ere d¡cess¿; it came to patiently aequ« anim« pass factum est; pass by (go or ride patrician patrici·us |a |um by) praeter¿re, praeterveh¿; pass for patriot am§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis) f (appear to be) prob§re pr« (+ abl); patriae pass out (faint) coll§b·or |¿ coll§psus sum patriotic am·§ns |antis patriae passage (in a text) loc·us |¿ m; (across patriotism am·or |«ris m patriae water) tr§nsit·us |»s m pattern s r¡gul·a |ae f; (of weaving) passbook (bank book) argent§riae text·us |»s m libell·us |¿ m pauper paup·er |eris mf passenger vect·or |«ris m, vectr·¿x |¿cis pave: pave the way to viam facere ad f (+ acc) passenger train tr§m·en |inis n pavement pav¿ment·um |¿ n comm»ne paw p¡s, pedis m passing: no passing! cav¡ praeveh§ris! pay s merc·¡s |¡dis f; (in the military) passion cupidit·§s |§tis f; (lust) lib¿d·« st¿pendi·um |¿ n (see wages) |inis f pay tr solv·« |ere |¿ sol»tus; pay off passionate §rd·¡ns |entis persolvere, exsolvere; pay off a debt passionately efflictim debitum persolvere; pay on time ad tempus or ad diem dictam solvere; passive adj pass¿v·us |a |um pay out (money) to d¡numer§re Passover Pascha n [indecl], Pasch·a (numm«s) (+ dat); pay s.o. $20 for |atis n d¡numer§re alicui v¿gint¿ dollar«s pr« 358 Conversational Latin

(+ abl); pay s.o. a visit aliquem peel m§l¿ cut·is |is f; orange peel inv¿s·« |ere |¿ ¶ intr it pays to listen corium m§l¿ auranti¿ pretium operae est auscult§re peel tr resec§re cutem (+ gen) payment sol»ti·« |«nis f (pec»niae) pelican onocrotal·us |¿ m (see bird) pay phone t¡leph«n·um |¿ n numm§rium pen penn·a |ae f, calam·us |¿ m pea p¿s·um |¿ n; pea soup i»s, i»ris n ex scr¿pt«rius p¿s¿s penalty poen·a |ae f; pay the penalty peace p§x, p§cis f; break the peace poen§s persolv·« |ere |¿, poen§s dare p§cem frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus; penalty kick (from 11 meters) ict·us |»s bring about peace p§cem concili§re; m »ndecim metr«rum; (from 7 have peace negotiations with s.o. meters) ictus septem metr«rum agere cum aliqu« d¡ p§ce; in peace and in war dom¿ et m¿litiae (or in pencil graphi·um |¿ n, stil·us |¿ m m¿liti§); peace was concluded on plumbeus condition that … p§x conv¡nit in pencil sharpener ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n eam condici«nem ut … ; make cuspid§rium peace with p§cem facere cum (+ abl) pendulum perpendicul·um |¿ n peach persic·um |¿ n peninsula paen¿nsul·a |ae f peacock p§v·« |«nis m, p§v·a |ae f (see pentathlon pent§thl·um |¿ n; win the bird) pentathlon pent§thl« vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ peanut arachis, arachidis f hypog¡a penult s paenultima syllab·a |ae f peanut butter b»t£r·um |¿ n ex arachidibus; put peanut butter on people homin·¡s |um mpl; people who bread b»t£rum ex arachidibus p§n¿ speak Latin qu¿ Lat¿n¡ loquuntur adhib¡re pep acl§crit·§s |§tis f pear pir·um |¿ n pepper pip·er |eris n pearl margar¿t·a |ae f pepper shaker piper¿n·um |¿ n pearl earrings margar¿tae |§rum fpl pep rally convent·us |»s m hort§t«rius d¡pendent¡s pep talk alloqui·um |¿ n hort§t«rium; pearl necklace mon¿l·e |is n bacc§tum give a pep talk to alloquium hort§t«rium hab¡re apud (+ acc) peck (little kiss) basiol·um |¿ n percent cent¡sim·a |ae f pedal ped§l·e |is n pedestrian ped·es |itis mf perch (fish) perc·a |ae f; (for birds) pertic·a |ae f pedestrian crossing tr§nsit·us |»s m peditum perch intr (on) ¿ns¿d« |ere ¿ns¡d¿ (+ dat) pee ming·« |ere m¿nx¿ m¿ctum; (coll) perfect perfect·us |a |um facere perfectly (totally) pl§n¡ peel s cut·is |is f; (rind, thick skin) perfect tense s temp·us |oris n cori·um |¿ n, cort·ex |icis m; apple praeteritum perfectum General Vocabulary 359 perform (duty) praest·« |§re praestit¿, phew! what’s that stench? f¿! fung·or |¿ functus sum (+ abl) quidnam est iste f¡tor? perfume unguent·um |¿ n phlegm p¿tu¿t·a |ae f perfume shop tabern·a |ae f unguent§ria phobia phobi·a |ae f perhaps fortasse phone (see telephone) period (punctuation mark) p»nct·um |¿ phony affect§t·us |a |um n; (span of time, class period) photo (see photograph) spati·um |¿ n; in the third period terti« spati«; I’ll not give in. period! photocopier m§chin·a |ae f ph«totypica n«n conc¡dam. d¿x¿!; period of life photocopy s exempl·ar |§ris n aet·§s |§tis f v¿tae ph«totypicum periodical periodic·um |¿ n photocopy tr ph«totypic¡ d¡scr¿bere peristyle peristyli·um |¿ n photograph s im§g·« |inis f perjure oneself peri»r§re ph«tographica; take photographs im§gin¡s l»ce exprimere perjury peri»ri·um |¿ n; commit perjury peri»r§re photograph tr ph«tographic¡ redd·« |ere reddid¿ redditus persistence assiduit·§s |§tis f photographer ph«tograph·us |¿ m (·a persistent assidu·us |a |um |ae f) person hom·« |inis mf photographic film taeniol·a |ae f personal adj pers«n§l·is |is |e; personal ph«tographica computer comput§tr·um |¿ n photography ph«tographi·a |ae f domesticum; personal finances r¡s, photo shop offic¿n·a |ae f ph«tographica re¿ f famili§ris; personal injury ini»ri·a |§e f phrase s loc»ti·« |«nis f personality indol·¡s |is f physical condition corporis habit·us |»s m personally adv expressed by ipse, per m¡, per t¡, etc. physical therapist i§tralipt·¡s |ae m pessimistic ¿nf¡l·¿x |¿cis physical therapy i§traliptic·¡ |¡s f pester molesti§s af·fer« |ferre attul¿ (+ pianist cl§vic·en |inis mf dat) piano cl§vicordi·um |¿ n; play the pet d¡lici·ae |§rum fpl; have as a pet in piano cl§vicordi« canere d¡lici¿s hab¡re pick (pluck) carp·« |ere |s¿ |tus; (gather) pet tr (stroke) permulc·e« |¡re permuls¿; leg·« |ere l¡g¿ l¡ctus; pick (out) (fondle) subigit§re ¶ intr inter s¡ (select) ¡lig·« |ere ¡l¡g¿ ¡l¡ctus; pick subigit§re pockets manticul§r¿ ¶ intr pick on (someone) carpere; pick up a pharmacist (see druggist) language linguam perbib« perbibere pheasant ph§si§n·a |ae f (see bird) perbib¿ phew interj (gratified surprise or relief) pickle salgam·um |¿ n; be in a pickle in ehem!; (at a bad smell) fu!; f¿!; angusti¿s vers·or |§r¿ |§tus sum 360 Conversational Latin pickpocket saccul§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), Ping-Pong m¡ns§lis pilae l»s·us |»s m; lev§t·or |«ris m play Ping-Pong m¡ns§l¿ pil§ l»dere picnic c¡nul·a |ae f subdi§lis; go on a pink rose·us |a |um picnic excursi«nem ad c¡nulam pipe fistul·a |ae f aqu§ria; (of an organ) subdi§lem s»mendam facere organ¿ fistula picnic basket p§n§ri·um |¿ n pipe organ organ·um |¿ n fistul¿s picture p¿ct»r·a |ae f, imag·« |inis f ¿nstructum pitcher urce·us |¿ m; (in baseball) picture tube tub·us |¿ m t¡lev¿sificus coniec·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) pie cr»st·um |¿ n; cherry pie cerasa npl pitcher’s mound coniect«ris in cr»st« cocta (coniectr¿cis) gr»m·us |¿ m piece fr»st·um |¿ n; (often not expressed pitiful fl¡bil·is -is |e; (contemptible) by any separate word, the substantive abiect·us |a |um denoting the piece, e.g., p§nis a piece of bread; c§seus a piece of cheese; pity s misericordi·a |ae f; feel pity for charta, chartula a piece of paper); commiser¡sc·« |ere (+ gen) break in pieces c«nfring·« |ere pity tr miser·eor |¡r¿ |itus sum (+ gen); I c«nfr¡g¿ c«nfr§ctus pity you misereor tu¿ (pl: vestr¿) pig porc·us |¿ m; pigs oink porc¿ pizza pitt·a |ae f grunniunt place loc·us |¿ m (pl loc·a |«rum npl); at pigeon columb·a |ae f, columb·us |¿ m; your place (at your home) apud t¡; pigeons coo columbae gemunt (see from that place illinc; in place of a bird) parent in locum parentis; in the first place pr¿mum; in the same place pigeon coop columb§ri·um |¿ n ibidem; out of place ali¡n·us |a |um; pigsty su¿l·e |is n take place (occur) fi« fier¿ factus sum; take s.o.’s place locum alic»ius pill pilul·a |ae f »surp§re; to that place e«; this is not pillow cerv¿c·al |§lis n the place to … n«n est hic locus ut (+ subj); to the same place e«dem pillow case cerv¿c§lis tegim·en |inis n place tr p«nere, loc§re pilot s gubern§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) plain camp·us |¿ m; open plains camp¿ patent¡s pilot tr gubern§re plaintiff pet¿t·or |«ris m, pet¿tr·¿x |¿cis f pin ac·us |»s f plan tr in anim« hab¡re, inten·d« |dere pinch s a pinch of salt m¡ns»r·a |ae f |d¿ |tus salis du«rum (or trium) digit«rum; in plan s c«nsili·um |¿ n; form a plan a pinch (fig) in angusti¿s; (in a c«nsilium in·e« |¿re |i¿ |tus; make doubtful situation) in r¡ dubi§ plans for the trip c«nsilium capere pinch tr vellic§re ¶ intr if the shoe d¡ itinere pinches s¿ calceus »rit plane §ëroplan·um |¿ n; (carpenter’s pineapple m§l·um |¿ n p¿neum tool) runc¿n·a |ae f General Vocabulary 361 plane tr (e.g., a board) runc¿n§re playing field camp·us |¿ m l»s«rius plant s plant·a |ae f playwright f§bul§rum scr¿p·tor |t«ris m plant tr ser·« |ere s¡v¿ s§tus; plant a (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) field agrum c«nserere plead a case before the court causam plaster s t¡ct«ri·um |¿ n pr« trib»n§l¿ agere plaster tr (a wall) t¡ct«rium (pariet¿) pleasant amoen·us |a |um, i»cund·us |a ind»cere |um plasterer t¡ct·or |«ris m pleasantness i»cundit·§s |§tis f plate patin·a |ae f, cat¿n·us |¿ m; please (in making an appeal) quaes«, s¿s (smaller size) patell·a |ae f, catill·us (= s¿ v¿s); (informally) am§b« t¡; |¿ m whenever I please quoti¡scumque (mihi) libet platform suggest·us |»s m; (in a train station) crep¿d·« |inis f (ferrivi§ria) pleased to meet you! mihi pergr§tum est t¡ conven¿re! play s (fun) l»d·us |¿ m; (in a theater) f§bul·a |ae f pleasing gr§t·us |a |um play tr (radio, television, records, tapes, pleasure volupt·§s |§tis f; at their own etc.) »surp§re pleasure su« arbitri«; derive great play tr & intr l»dere; (an instrument) pleasure from magnam volupt§tem can·« |ere cecin¿ cantus (+ abl of the capere ex (+ abl); with pleasure instrument); (records, tapes) impell·« libenter |ere impul¿ impulsus; play a game pleated undul§t·us |a |um l»sum l»dere; play a good game bene l»dere; play a trick on plebeian pl¡b¡i·us |a |um l»dific·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (+ acc); play plebs pl¡bs, pl¡bis f ball pil§ l»dere; play checkers latruncul¿s l»dere; play hide and pliers for·ceps |cipis m seek per l»sum latit§re; play sports plight: oh, what a sorry plight! O rem disportibus l»dere; play the drum miseram! tympanum puls§re; play the flute plow s ar§tr·um |¿ n t¿bi§ canere; play the guitar cither§ Hisp§nic§ canere; play the organ plow tr ar§re organ« canere; play the lead role plug (electrical) spin·a |ae f cont§ct»s pr¿m§s part¡s agere; play the piano ¡lectric¿ cl§vicordi« canere; play the role of a general imper§t«rem agere; play the plug in adnect·« |ere adnexu¿ adnexus trumpet t»b§ canere; stop playing plum pr»n·um |¿ n games d¡siste l»d«s facere ¶ intr l»dere; play up to s.o. aliquem col·« plumber fab·er |r¿ m plumb§rius |ere colu¿; play around with plummet perpendicul·um |¿ n (sexually) l»dere cum (+ abl) pluperfect tense s temp·us |oris n player l»s·or |«ris m, l»s·r¿x |¿cis f pl»squamperfectum playground §re·a |ae f l»s«ria plural adj pl»r§l·is |is |e; in the plural playing card chartul·a |ae f l»s«ria pl»r§liter 362 Conversational Latin plural s multit»d·« |inis f; signifying a are you driving at?) qu« ¡v§dis?; you plural multit»dinem signific§ns miss the point nihil ad rem pertinet plus sign crucicul·a |ae f point-blank: turn down point-blank plus: consider it a plus id d¡put§ esse omn¿n« repudi§re in lucr«; 2 plus 2 are 4 duo et duo point out indic§re, m«nstrare sunt (or fiunt) quattuor pointer (comput) (m»ris) ind·ex |icis m pocket locul·us |¿ m pointless supervacu·us |a |um, in§n·is pocketbook (purse) crum¡n·a |ae f; |is |e (small book) lib·er |r¿ m pugill§ris poke (jab) pung·« |ere pupug¿, fodic§re; pocketknife cultell·us |¿ m plic§bilis poke fun at s.o. aliquem ¡l»dere podium podi·um |¿ n, pulpit·um |¿ n pole vaulting salt·us |»s m pertic§rius poem po¡m·a |atis n; write a poem (see Chapter V) po¡ma facere, con·d« |dere |did¿ police officer vig·il |ilis mf |ditus policy rati·« |«nis f poet po¡t·a |ae m polish s (for shoes) c¡r«m·a |atis n poetess po¡tri·a |ae f polish shoes calce«s pol·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus poetry po¡s·is |is f polite (to) c«m·is |is |e (+ dat or erg§ or poinsettia euphorbi·a |ae f in + acc) point (sharp end) ac»m·en |inis n; (of a politeness c«mit·§s |§tis f spear) cusp·is |idis f; (gram, sports) political c¿v¿l·is |is |e; for political p»nct·um |¿ n; at this point h¿c; h«c reasons re¿ p»blicae caus§; political loc«; be on the point of … in e« affairs (or matters) r¡s, r¡rum fpl esse ut (+ subj); beside the point c¿v¿l¡s; political career curs·us |»s nihil ad rem; but to return to the m hon«rum; political science point … sed ad pr«positum … ; get scienti·a |ae f c¿v¿lis the point? ten¡sne (pl: ten¡tisne) rem?; get to the point! ven¿ ad rem!; politician vir |¿ m c¿v¿lis, f¡mina |ae f good point virt·»s |»tis f; it got to c¿v¿lis the point where e« d¡cursum est ut politics r¡s p»blica (gen: re¿ p»blicae) f, (+ subj); main point summ·a |ae f; res c¿v¿lis (also plural); enter now here’s the point nunc cogn«sce politics rem p»blicam ine« in¿re in¿v¿ rem; on that point h§c d¡ r¡; score a or ini¿; take part in politics in r¡ point p»nctum fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; p»blic§ vers·or |§r¿ |§tus sum that’s the main point id caput est; polka salt§ti·« |«nis f Bohemica; dance the point is that I no longer care the polka Bohemic¡ salt§re about such things quod caput est, iam ista n«n c»r«; up to this point polling booth saept·um |¿ n h§ctenus; what was the point of polls saept·a |«rum npl your writing to me? quid r¡tulit t¡ mittere ad m¡ litter§s?; what’s the polo als»legi·a |ae f equestris point of that? quam ad rem istud polo shirt sub»cul·a |ae f cum curt¿s r¡fert?; what’s your point? (what manic¿s General Vocabulary 363 pomegranate m§l·um |¿ n gr§n§tum possible possibil·is |is |e; if (it is) pompous gl«ri«s·us |a |um possible s¿ fier¿ potest; is it really possible that … ? numquid … ?; is pond st§gn·um |¿ n it really possible that you are pony mann·us |¿ m telling the truth? numquid v¡ra d¿cis? pool st§gn·um |¿ n; (for swimming) pisc¿n·a |ae f; (billiards) l»d·us |¿ m post tr (e.g., on the bulletin board) tudicul§ris; shoot pool globul«s pr«·p«n« |p«nere |posu¿ |positus eburne«s cl§v§ tudicul§r¿ super postage vect»r·a |ae f (litter§rum); pay m¡nsam impell·« |ere impul¿ the postage pr« vect»r§ epistulae poor (pitiful) mis·er |era |erum; solv·« |ere |¿ (impoverished) paup·er |eris [single- postage stamp pitt§ci·um |¿ n cursu§le ending adj]; poor guy mis·er |er¿ m postal delivery perl§ti·« |«nis f cursu§lis pop tat·a |ae m postcard chartul·a |ae f cursu§lis; (with popcorn ma¿zi·um |¿ n ¿nfl§tum a picture) ph«tochartul·a |ae f cursu§lis pop music m»sic·a |ae f popul§ris poster foli·um |¿ n m»r§le poppy pap§v·er |eris n postman tabell§ri·us |¿ m popular gr§ti«s·us |a |um; be popular with s.o. gr§ti«sus (-a) esse apud post office diribit«ri·um |¿ n cursu§le aliquem post office window ostiol·um |¿ n popularity gr§ti·a |ae f; enjoy cursu§le popularity among gr§tiam hab·e« pot (of clay) oll·a |ae f; (of metal) |¡re |u¿ |itus apud (+ acc) a(h)¡n·um |¿ n; (marijuana) population multit»d·« |inis f; the total cannab·is |is f; go to pot pessum e« number of the population numer·us ¿re i¿; pots and pans v§s·a |«rum npl |¿ m omnis multit»dinis coqu¿n§ria; smoke pot f»mum cannabis s»g·« |ere s»x¿ porch pergul·a |ae f pot belly vent·er |ris m ob¡sus; have a porcupine hystr·ix |icis f potbelly ventre ob¡s« (or pr«iect«) pork porc¿n·a |ae f esse pork chop off·a |ae f porc¿na potato p«m·um |¿ n terrestre; baked potato p«mum terrestre in furn« port (also comput) port·us |»s m coctum; fried potatoes p«ma porter b§iul·us |¿ m terrestria fr¿cta; mashed potatoes pulticul·a |ae f ex p«m¿s terrestribus portico portic·us |»s f potato chips l§min·ae |§rum fpl position loc·us |¿ m; what position do p«m«rum terrestrium you play? qu« loc« l»dis? pottery fictil·ia |ium npl positive s (gram) grad·us |»s m posit¿vus potty matell·a |ae f possessive adj (gram) possess¿v·us |a poultry av·¡s |ium fpl cohort§l¡s |um pound l¿br·a |ae f; per pound in l¿br§s 364 Conversational Latin power drill terebr·a |ae f m§chin§lis (opus) pr¡l« subic·i« |ere subi¡c¿ power saw serr·a |ae f m§chin§lis subi¡ctus practically fer¡ press tr prem·« |ere press¿ pressus; (clothes) l¡vig§re; (a typewriter key) practice s exercit§ti·« |«nis f d¡primere ¶ intr press on inst§re; practice tr (patience, medicine) exerc·e« press on and finish the job! inst§, |¡re |u¿ ¶ intr s¡ exerc¡re perfice! praetor praet·or |«ris m press conference congress·us |»s m praetorship praet»r·a |ae f diurn§ri¿s docend¿s precise ex§ct·us |a |um prestige auct«rit·§s |§tis f prefer m§l« malle m§lu¿; prae·fer« presumptuous c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis |ferre |tul¿ |l§tus pretend: I’ll pretend I don’t know him prefix s praepositi·« |«nis f per dissimul§b« m¡ eum n«visse; I’ll compositi«nem pretend I’m leaving assimul§b« prepare (make ready) par§re; (make quasi abeam. ready beforehand) praepar§re pretext praetext·um |¿ n; a pretext for preposition s praepositi·« |«nis f (per war praetextum bell¿; he left under appositi«nem); prepositions take the pretext that … hinc abiit quasi (lit: serve) either the accusative or (+ subj) the ablative case praepositi«n¡s aut pretty bell·us |a |um, bellul·us |a |um acc»s§t¿v« aut abl§t¿v« c§su¿ serviunt pretty well (just about) propemodum prescription praecept·um |¿ n medicum pretzel pretiol·a |ae f, lixul·a |ae f; soft present adj praes·¡ns |entis; at present, pretzel pretiola mollis in praesenti§; at the present time praesenti§ tempore, in praesent¿; be previously ante§, anteh§c, prius present (at) adsum adesse adfu¿ prey praed·a |ae f adfut»rus (+ dat); for the present price preti·um |¿ n; at a high (low, very time in praes¡ns tempus; present low, exorbitant) price magn« tense praes¡ns temp·us |oris n (parv«, minim«, nimi«); higher price pretium amplius; set a price pretium preside (over) praesid·e« |¡re praes¡d¿ facere; the price for it is 10 denarii (+ dat); preside at a trial i»dici« per pound pretium e¿ in libr§s est praeesse, i»s d¿cere decem d¡n§ri¿s president praes·es |idis mf pride gl«ri·a |ae f; source of pride presiding judge quaes¿t·or |«ris m, gl«ri·a |ae f; take pride in gl«ri·or quaes¿tr·¿x |¿cis f |§r¿ d¡ or in (+ abl) press s (for printing) pr¡l·um |¿ n; priest sacerd·«s |«tis mf (journalists) diurn§ri·¿ |«rum mpl; priesthood sacerd«ti·um |¿ n (printed matter) scr¿pta npl typ¿s ¡dita; come off the press pr¡l« ex·e« prime minister minis·ter |tr¿ m |¿re |i¿; send (a work) to the press pr¿m§rius General Vocabulary 365 principal (fin) cap·ut |itis n, sors, sortis praemium aufer«, auferre abstul¿ f; deduct the interest from the abl§tus principal d¡ capite »s»r§s d¡d»cere problem quaesti·« |«nis f; (math) principal (l»d¿ or scholae) r¡c·tor |t«ris probl¡m·a |atis n; have stomach m, r¡c·tr¿x |tr¿cis f; assistant (or (heart, back) problems stomach« vice) principal r¡ctor vic§rius, (corde, terg«) dol·e« |¡re |u¿; the r¡ctr¿x vic§ria; principal’s office problem is … quaeritur … ; what’s r¡ct«ris (or r¡ctr¿cis) offic¿n·a |ae f the problem? quid est neg«t¿? principal parts part·¡s |ium fpl processor (comput) ¡dit«ri·um |¿ n pr¿ncip§l¡s producer chor§g·us |¿ m print s (printed dress) vest·is |is f productivity (of fields, mines, etc.) im§ginibus impressa fertilit·§s |§tis f print tr (with type) typ¿s imprim« profession (learned occupation) imprimere impress¿ impressus professi·« |«nis f printer (person) typograph·us |¿ m; professor profess·or |«ris m, profestr·¿x (mechanical device) m§chin·a |ae f |¿cis f typographica, impress«ri·um |¿ n profit l»cr·um |¿ n; make profit l»crum printer’s typograph¡·um |¿ n facere printing (abstract) typographi·a |ae f program s (also comput) programm·a printing office offic¿n·a |ae f |atis n typographica program tr (comput) programm§re printing press pr¡l·um |¿ n programmer (comput) programm§·tor typographicum, typograph¡·um |¿ n |t«ris m, (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) print shop offic¿n·a |ae f typographica progress pr«fect·us |»s m; make prison carc·er |eris m; throw s.o. into progress pr«fic·i« |ere pr«f¡c¿ prison aliquem in carcerem conic·i« pr«fectum |ere coni¡c¿ coniectus projector pr«iect«ri·um |¿ n; overhead prisoner of war capt¿v·us |¿ m (·a |ae projector pr«iect«rium supr§capit§le f); ransom prisoners capt¿v«s promise s pr«miss·um |¿ n; break redim·« |ere red¡m¿ red¡mptus promises pr«missa frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ private adj pr¿v§t·us |a |um; in private fr§ctus; I am not making any definite promise nihil cert¿ polliceor; in pr¿v§t« keep promises pr«missa serv§re; private s (mil) m¿l·es |itis mf; greg§rius make many promises multa (·a) pr«mittere privately clam, s¡cr¡t«; I want to speak promise tr pr«mitt·« |ere pr«m¿s¿ with you privately velim t¡cum pr«missus loqu¿ secr¡t« promote pr«mov·e« |¡re pr«m«v¿ prize praemi·um |¿ n; first prize pr«m«tus; (the arts, etc.) fov·e« |¡re pr¿m§ri·um |¿ n; second prize f«v¿ f«tus; (in school) ad superi«rem secund§ri·um |¿ n; win a prize classem pr«mov¡re; promote to 366 Conversational Latin

higher rank ad (or in) ampli«rem psychic ps£chic·us |a |um gradum pr«mov¡re psychoanalysis ps£choanalys·is |is f promotion pr«m«ti·« |«nis f psychoanalyst ps£choanalyst·a |ae m prompt (comput) monit·us |»s m (·ria |riae f) pronoun pr«n«m·en |inis n psychologist ps£cholog·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) pronounce tr pr«n»nti§re; pronounce a psychopath s psychopathic·us |¿ m (·a vowel short or long voc§lem |ae f) corrept¡ aut pr«duct¡ pr«n»nti§re public p»blic·us |a |um; in public in proof document·um |¿ n; (esp. of guilt) p»blic«; (opp. dom¿) for¿s; appear in ind¿ci·um |¿ n public pr«d·e« |¿re |i¿ in p»blicum proofread legere et ¡mend§re publish ¡d·« |ere ¡did¿ ¡ditus, public§re proper dec·¡ns |entis, dec«r·us |a |um publisher ¡dit·or |«ris m; (publishing proper noun s proprium n«m·en |inis n house) dom·us |»s f ¡dit«ria (ut “Hector” Hector) (opp: pudding erne·um |¿ n appell§t¿vum n«men (ut “hom«” pull s have pull with gr§tiam hab¡re man) apud (+ acc) property bon·a |«rum npl pull tr trah·« |ere trax¿ tractus; pull a propose (a law) (l¡gem) fer« ferre tul¿ fast one on s.o. «s alicui sub·lin« l§tus |linere |l¡v¿; pull oneself together s¡ collig·« |ere coll¡g¿; pull the wool prose pr«s·a |ae f over s.o.’s eyes subdol·us (-a) esse prosecute i»dici« persequ·or |¿ adversus aliquem persec»tus sum pullman car curr·us |»s m dorm¿t«rius prosecutor acc»s§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x pulse v¡n§rum puls·us |»s m; (fast |tr¿cis f) vegetior; weak languidior); feel s.o.’s prostitute meretr·¿x |¿cis f, pr«stit»t·a pulse v¡n§s or pulsum v¡n§rum |ae f; be a prostitute pr«st·« |§re alic»ius tent§re pr«stit¿ pumpkin cucurbit·a |ae f, pep·« |«nis m proud gl«ri«s·us -a |um; (haughty) punch s pugn·us |¿ m; give s.o. a punch superb·us |a |um; be proud of (or land a punch on s.o.) pugnum gl«ri·or |§r¿ (+ acc or d¡ or in + abl) alicui d»cere prove (by evidence, argument) prob§re; punch tr pugn« or pugn¿s caed·« |ere this proves that … document« est cec¿d¿ (+ acc & inf) punching bag coryc·us |¿ m, foll·is |is province pr«vinci·a |ae f m pugil§t«rius prune pr»n·um |¿ n cond¿tum punctual d¿lig·¡ns |entis, prompt·us |a psychiatric ps£ch¿§tric·us |a |um |um psychiatrist ps£ch¿§t·er |r¿ m (·ria punctually tempor¿, ad tempus |riae f) punctuate inter·pung« |pungere |p»nx¿ psychiatry ps£ch¿§tr¿·a |ae f |p»nctus General Vocabulary 367 punctuation s interp»ncti·« |«nis f Q punctuation mark s interp»nct·um |¿ n, quaestor quaest·or |«ris m p»nct·um |¿ n quaestorship quaest»r·a |ae f punish p»n·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tus; poen§ quail coturn·¿x |¿cis f (see bird) affic·i« |ere aff¡c¿ affectus quarrel intr (with s.o. about) alterc§r¿ punishment for crimes poen·a |ae f or r¿x§r¿ (cum + abl, d¡ + abl) facinorum quarrel r¿x·a |ae f puny pusill·us |a |um question rog§t·um |¿ n, interrog§t·um |¿ pup catul·us |¿ m; pups whimper catul¿ n; ask a question interrog§re; ask a ganniunt loaded question capti«s¡ interrog§re; pupil discipul·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); (of the ask many questions multa eye) p»pill·a |ae f interrog§re; answer the question ad puppet neuropast·um |¿ n rog§tum (or interrog§tum) respond·e« |¡re |¿; call into question puppy catul·us |¿ m; catell·us |¿ m, in dubium voc§re; I ask you this catell·a |ae f question t¡ hoc rog«; many purchase s ¡mpt·um |¿ n questions are raised multa purchase tr em·« |ere ¡m¿ ¡mptus; quaeruntur; no question, he’s at merc·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; compar§re fault nempe in culp§ est; that’s a loaded question capti«sum purchasing ¡mpti·« |«nis f interrog§tum est; why do you ask purr intr (of a cat) murmur§re such questions? c»r ista quaeris?; purr s (of a cat) murm·ur |uris n without question sine dubi« purse crum¡n·a |ae f, mars»pi·um |¿ n question mark sign·um |¿ n interrog§t¿ (mentally) put p«n·« |ere posu¿ positus; put an end quick cel·er |eris |ere; ast»t·us |a |um to f¿nem imp«nere (+ dat); put away s¡p«nere; put down d¡p«nere; put quickly cito off: let’s put this off to another quiet qui¡t·us |a |um; (silent) tacit·us |a time hanc rem in aliud tempus |um; (taciturn) taciturn·us |a |um; differ§mus; put on (clothes) indu·« quiet! fac (pl: facite) silentium!, |ere |¿ |»tus (opp: exuere); put s.o. in tac¡! (pl: tac¡te)!; why don’t you prison aliquem in cust«diam tr§·d« keep quiet? qu¿n t» tac¡s? |dere |did¿ |ditus; put up for sale v¡num dare; put up with with s.o. quite admodum; not quite parum aliquem perpet·ior |¿ perpessus sum; quiz prob§tiuncul·a |ae f (see exam) put words into s.o.’s mouth verba in quote p«n·« |ere posu¿ positus, affero ore alic»ius p«nere; put yourself in afferre attul¿ all§tus my place fac qu¿ ego sum, esse t¡; you’re putting it on a little thick es p»tidiuculus (-a) R puzzle aenigm·a |atis n rabbi rabb¿n·us |¿ m pyjamas synthes·is |is f dorm¿t«ria rabbit cun¿cul·us |¿ m 368 Conversational Latin race (lineage) gen·us |eris n; (foot race) rain basin (in the atrium) impluvi·um cert§m·en |inis n curs»s; (horse race) |¿ n cursus |»s m equ«rum, equ¿ri·a |«rum rainbow pluvius arc·us |»s m npl; (of chariots) curricul·um |¿ n; (of cars) cert§m·en |inis n autoc¿n¡t«rum rain cloud nimb·us |¿ m race car, racing car autoc¿n¡t·um |¿ n raincoat scorte·a |ae f; (hooded) curr¿le paenul·a |ae f race track curricul·um |¿ n, stadi·um |¿ rainy pluvi·us |a |um n; (for horses) hippodrom·us |¿ m raise (children, crops, animals) ¡duc§re; racket (noise) strepit·us |»s m; (lift up) toll·« |ere sustul¿ subl§tus; (shouting) cl§m·or |«ris m; (tennis) (prices) aug·e« |¡re aux¿ auctus r¡ticul·um |¿ n; raise a racket raisin (»va) pass·a |ae f cl§m«rem toll·« |ere sustul¿ subl§tus rake s rastell·us |¿ m radiator cal«ris radi§tr·um |¿ n rake tr rastell« ¡r§·d« |dere |s¿ |sum radio radioph«n·um |¿ n; turn on (turn RAM (comput) memori·a |ae f vol§tilis off) the radio radioph«num excit§re or accend·« |ere |¿ (exped·i« |¿re |¿v¿ ram ari·¡s |etis m; rams bleat ariet¡s |¿tus); turn down (turn up) the b§lant radio vim radioph«n¿ remitt·« |ere rank grad·us |»s m rem¿s¿ (amplific§re) rape stupr·um |¿ n per vim radio broadcast ¡missi·« |«nis f radioph«nica rape tr per vim stupr§re, stupr« viol§re radio station stati·« |«nis f radioph«nica rapids vad·um |¿ n candic§ns radish r§d¿cul·a |ae f, raphan·us |¿ m rapist stupr§t·or |«ris m raft rat·is |is f rare s¡micoct·us |a |um (opp: percoctus) rage fur·or |«ris m; fly into a rage ¿r§ efferor efferr¿ ¡l§tus sum rarely r§r« raid excursi·« |«nis f raspberry m«r·um |¿ n ‡daeum railroad ferrivi·a |ae f rat m»·s |ris m, ratt·us |¿ m; (pej) hom·« |inis m nequam [indecl]; I smell a railroad car curr·us |»s m ferrivi§rius rat aliquid mihi subolet; like railroad station stati·« |«nis f ferrivi§ria drowned rats tamquam m»r¡s »d¿; rats squeak ratt¿ mintriunt rain impers v pluit pluere pluit; rain buckets urce§tim pluere; rain cats rat on s.o. aliquem d¡fer« d¡ferre d¡tul¿ and dogs catt¿s canibusque pluere; rate: at any rate utique rain hard vehementer (or multum) pluere rather potius; (somewhat) aliquant«, paul«; do you know this fellow? rain s pluvi·a |ae f; (heavy and stormy) huncne n«vist¿? rather! facile! im·ber |bris m; heavy, steady rain magn¿ et adsidu¿ imbr¡s; the rain is ratify a bill l¡gem iub·e« |¡re iuss¿ letting up or is tapering off imber iussus d¡t»m¡scit rattle off cito volv·« |ere |¿ General Vocabulary 369 raven corv·us |¿ m; ravens croak corv¿ receiver (of a telphone) auscult§bul·um cr«citant (see bird) |¿ n raze to the ground sol« aequ§re recent rec·¡ns |entis razor nov§cul·a |ae f; electric razor recently n»per, recenter r§s«ri·um |¿ n ¡lectricum reception sal»t§ti·« |«nis f p»blica; hold reach s out of reach extr§ ictum; within a reception sal»t§ti«nem p»blicam my reach sub me« ict» facere reach tr (arrive at) perven·i« |¿re ad or recess paus·a |ae f; during (after, in (+ acc); reach out the hand before) recess inter (post, ante) manum porrig·« |¡re porr¡x¿ pausam read leg« legere l¡g¿ l¡ctus recitation recit§ti·« |«nis f readily (willingly) libenter recite recit§re reading l¡cti·« |«nis f record orb·is |is m ph«nographicus; ph«nodisc·us |¿ m; play (listen to) reading lamp lamp·as |adis f l¡ct«ria records orb¡s ph«nographic«s reading room oec·us |¿ m l¡ct«rius exh¿b·e« |¡re |u¿ (aud·i« |¿re |¿v¿) ready par§t·us |a |um, prompt·us |a |um record player m§chinul·a |ae f ph«nographica; discoph«n·um |¿ n real estate r¡s fpl sol¿; piece of real estate praedi·um |¿ n recording secretary (in the Roman senate) libr§ri·us |¿ m real estate broker praedi§·tor |t«ris m, (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) recover tr recuper§re ¶ intr (recuperate) reval¡sc·« |ere, suam val¡t»dinem really quidem, v¡r« recipere; recover from a serious reap met·« |ere messu¿ messus illness ¡ grav¿ morb« recre§r¿ reaper mess·or |«ris m recruit s t¿r·« |«nis m; raw recruit t¿r« rear (end) (coll) post¿c·um |¿ n rudis recruit tr recruit troops d¿l¡ctum agere reason (faculty, reasonable ground) rati·« |«nis f; (cause) caus·a |ae f; recruitment d¿l¡ct·us |»s m for that reason h§c d¡ caus§; for rectum §n·us |¿ m various reasons mult¿s d¡ caus¿s; red ru·ber |bra |brum; be red rub·e« what’s the reason why … quid est |¡re enim, c»r … red cent: I don’t owe anyone a red reboot (comput) rediniti§re cent assem aer§rium n¡min¿ d¡be«; I rebut dissolv·« |ere |¿ dissol»tus haven’t a red cent assem aer§rium rebuttal dissol»ti·« |«nis f habe« n»llum recall revoc§re; (to memory) memori§ redhead r»f·us |¿ m, r»til·us |¿ m; r»f·a repet·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus; as I recall ut |ae f, r»til·a |ae f mea memoria est referee arbi·ter |tr¿ m (·tra |trae f) receipt apoch·a |ae f refined h»m§n·us |a |um 370 Conversational Latin reform ¡mend§re remote control moder§tr·um |¿ n refrigerator fr¿gid§r·ium |¿ n rem«tum renown f§m·a |ae f regards: give him (her) my best regards d¿cit« e¿ pl»rimam me¿s rent s merc·¡s |¡dis f; pay the rent for verb¿s sal»tem this room merc¡dem huic cellae dare regiment legi·« |«nis f rent tr cond»cere; rent out loc§re repair shop offic¿n·a |ae f repar§t«ria regimental commander legi«nis leg§t·us |¿ m repeat repet·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus, iter§re; repeat after me e¿sdem verb¿s mihi region regi·« |«nis f redde (pl: reddite) register (at a hotel) n«men in tabul§s repeatedly identidem refer« referre rettul¿ repetition repet¿ti·« |«nis f regret s paenitenti·a |ae f reporter diurn§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) regret tr I regret m¡ paenitet (+ gen) representative v¿c§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) regularly assidu¡ repress (emotions) cohib·e« |¡re |u¿ reindeer tarandr·us |¿ m |itus reject a bill l¡gem (or rog§ti«nem) repression continenti·a |ae f ant¿qu§re republican r¡p»blic·us |a |um relative adj rel§t¿v·us |a |um republicans optim§t·¡s |ium mpl relative s cogn§t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) reputation f§m·a |ae f; bad reputation relax s¡ remitt« |ere rem¿s¿ ¿nf§mi·a |ae f; good reputation honest·§s |§tis f relentless d¿r·us |a |um rescue ¡rip·i« |ere |u¿ ¡reptus relief: be a relief lev§ment« esse research s invest¿g§ti·« |«nis f, relieve lev§re; relieve oneself (have a ind§g§ti·« |«nis f bowel movement) ventrem exoner§re research tr invest¿g§re, ind§g§re rely on c«nf¿d·« |ere c«nf¿sus sum (+ dat); relying on fr¡t·us |a |um (+ dat resentful ¿r§cund·us |a |um or abl) resentment ¿r§cundi·a |ae f remain man·e« |¡re m§ns¿ m§ns»rus; it reservation reserv§ti·« |«nis f remains to restat ut (+ subj) reserve reserv§re remedy remedi·um |¿ n; apply a resolute c«nfirm§t·us |a |um remedy remedium adhib¡re respect s observanti·a |ae f; show remember commemor§re; memin·¿ |isse repect to observ§re (+ gen or acc); memori§ ten·e« |¡re respect tr observ§re |u¿; if I remember right s¿ bene memin¿ respectability honest·§s |§tis f reminder: as a reminder memoriae respectable honest·us |a |um caus§ respected hon«r§t·us |a |um General Vocabulary 371 respectful observ·§ns |antis rider vect·or |«ris m, vectr·¿x |¿cis f respectfully hon«rific¡, reverenter ridge iug·um |¿ n responsibility for c»r·a |ae f (+ gen); it ridiculous r¿dicul·us |a |um is my responsibility to … est mihi rifle sclop¡t·um |¿ n; automatic rifle c»rae (+ inf) sclop¡tum autom§tum; fire a rifle rest: the rest of the c¡ter·¿ |ae |a sclop¡t§re restaurant caup«n·a |ae f rifleman sclop¡t§t·or |«ris m restless inqui¡t·us |a |um right adj (opp. of left) dext·er |(e)ra restroom loc·us |¿ m s¡cr¡tus; (public) |(e)rum; (correct, proper) r¡ct·us |a forica |ae f, aumati·um |¿ n |um; do the right thing fr»gem facere; on the right ab dextr§, § retailer prop«l·a |ae m dexter§; (to the) right dextr«rsum; retake (e.g., a town) recip·i« |ere rec¡p¿ that’s right s¿c est; you’re right receptus prob¡ d¿cis [literally, you say retire (from a job) in «tium ven¿re correctly], bene d¿xist¿ or v¡ra d¿cis. retirement «ti·um |¿ n; go into right adv (correctly) r¡ct¡; right away retirement in «tium ven¿re statim, continu«; right from the start in pr¿ncipi« ¿lic«; right now return tr (give back) redd·« |ere |id¿ nunciam; turn right dextr«rsum s¡ |itus ¶ intr (go back) red·e« |¿re |i¿ vertere or |¿v¿ |itum right s i»s, i»ris n; civil rights i»s review s (e.g., of a lesson) retract§ti·« c¿v¿le; you have every right to … |«nis f omne f§s tibi est (+ inf); waive one’s review tr (e.g., a lesson) retract§re; rights d¡c¡d·« |ere d¡cess¿ i»re su« review the army exercitum rim (of a wheel) vit·us |»s f rec¡ns·e« |¡re |u¿, l»str§re rind (thick skin of fruit) cori·um |¿ n rhinoceros rh¿nocer·«s |«tis m ring §nul·us |¿ m; (for boxing) rib cost·a |ae f suggest·us |»s m pugil§t«rius; take rib tr (taunt) tax§re off a ring §nulum d¡trah·« |ere ribbon taeni·a |ae f d¡trax¿; wear a ring §nulum gest§re rice or£z·a |ae f rise (of a person, mountain) surg·« |ere surr¡x¿; (of several persons, rich d¿v·es |itis mountains) c«nsurgere; (out of rich buck (slang) sacc·« |«nis m respect) adsurgere; (of heavenly riches d¿viti·ae |§rum fpl bodies) or·ior |¿r¿ ortus sum; (of a river, have its source) (ex)orior rid: get rid of (worries) d¿lu·« |ere |¿; (ex)or¿r¿; the Tiber rising in the (persons) §m«l·ior |¿r¿ §m«l¿tus sum Apennines Tiberis monte Apenn¿n« ride s vecti·« |«nis f; go for a ride (ex)ori¡ns gest§ti«nem autoc¿n¡t« facere risk: at your own risk tu« per¿cul«; run ride tr (a bike, a horse, etc.) (birot§, the risk per¿culum facere; take a equ«) veh·or |¿ vectus sum risk per¿culum ad·e« |¿re |¿v¿ 372 Conversational Latin risky anceps, ancipitis Rome R«m·a |ae f (often referred to river fl»m·en |inis n, amn·is |is m (with simply as urbs) no distinction as to size) roof t¡ct·um |¿ n river bed alve·us |¿ m roof tile t¡gul·a |ae f roar (of a lion) r»g·i« |¿re |i¿ room concl§v·e |is n, cubicul·um |¿ n; (small room) cell·a |ae f; room with roast s ass·um |¿ n bath cubicul·um |¿ n balne« or roast tr ass§re lav§cr« (pluvi«) ¿nstructum roast beef b»bul·a |ae f assa room key cl§v·is |is f cubicul§ris roast pork porc¿n·a |ae f assa roommate soci·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) roast veal vitul¿n·a |ae f assa cubicul§ris rooster gall·us |¿ m; roosters crow gall¿ rob rap·i« |ere |u¿ |tus; rob s.o. of c»c»riunt, canunt (see bird) aliquem spoli§re (+ abl) rose ros·a |ae f robber latr·« |«nis m; (home invader) perfoss·or |«ris m rouge purpuriss·um |¿ n, f»c·us |¿ m robbery latr«cini·um |¿ n rough asp·er |era |erum; (weather) turbid·us |a |um; rough guess robe vest·is |is f ¿nform§ta cogit§ti·« |«nis f robin rubecul·a |ae f; robins chirp round (in boxing) congress·us |»s m rubeculae p¿pant (see bird) round up c«g·« |ere co¡g¿ co§ctus rocket roch¡t·a |ae f route certus curs·us |»s m rocking chair sell·a |ae f «scill§ris row «rd·« |inis m; three in a row tr¡s role model exempl·ar |§ris n ex «rdine roll p§nicul·us |¿ m, p§nicell·us |¿ m; row tr r¡mig§re (see Chapter V) call roll n«mina recit§re rowboat scaph·a |ae f r¡migera roll call n«minum recit§ti·« |«nis f; take row home aed·¡s |ium fpl seri§l¡s roll call n«mina recit§re rowing r¡mig§ti·« |«nis f rollerblade, rollerskate intr pedirot¿s l§bor l§b¿ l§psus sum (see Chapter V) rubbish! quisquiliae! rollerblades pedirot·ae |§rum fpl ruckus: why are you raising such a ruckus? quid istum cl§m«rem tollis rollerskate intr rotul¿s patin§re (pl: tollitis)? rollerskate s calce·us |¿ m subrot§tus, rude (character) asp·er |era |erum patin·us |¿ m rot§lis rug tap¡t·e |is n rollerskating patin§ti·« |«nis f rot§lis rugby harpast·um |¿ n; play rugby (see Chapter V) harpast« l»dere rolling pin fistul·a |ae f rugged asp·er |era |erum ROM (comput) memori·a |ae f f¿xa rule s r¡gul·a |ae f; break the rule Roman R«m§n·us |a |um r¡gulam frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ fr§ctus; General Vocabulary 373

follow (observe) the rule r¡gulam safe-deposit box d¡posit«ri·um |¿ n serv§re; lay down rules r¡gul§s syngraph§rum ¿nstitu·« |ere |¿ safety pin f¿bul·a |ae f rule tr reg·« |ere r¡x¿ r¡ctus sail intr n§vig§re, n§ve vehor veh¿ ruler (instrument) r¡gul·a |ae f vectus sum (sovereign) r¡ct·or |«ris m sail s v¡l·um |¿ n rum v¿n·um |¿ n Indicum sail boat scaph·a |ae f v¡lifera rumor r»m·or |«ris m; there’s a rumor sailing v¡lific§ti·« |«nis f (see Chapter going around r»mor pervag§tur V) rumpus: raise a rumpus turb§s dare sailor naut·a |ae m, nautri·a |ae f run tr (a business, shop) (neg«tium, sake: for heaven’s sake obsecr« (lit: I tabernam) exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus; pray); for the sake of caus§ (+ gen) (comput) run a program programma (following the dependent genitive); administr§re; run up bills aes for your sake tu§ (pl: vestr§) caus§ ali¡num c«nfl§re ¶ intr curr·« |ere salad ac¡t§ri·a |«rum npl cucurr¿ cursum; run around curs§re; run into s.o. on the street aliquem salad dressing see dressing offend·« |ere |¿ in plat¡§; run for (an salary merc·¡s |¡dis f; pay s.o. a fair office) pet·« |ere pet¿v¿ pet¿tus; run salary aequam merc¡dem alicui low d¡fic·i« |ere d¡f¡c¿; run out (of solv·« |ere |¿ sol»tus time) ex¿re; run up and down modo sale v¡nditi·« |«nis f; for sale, on sale h»c modo ill»c curs§re; (comput) the v¡n§lici·us |a |um, v¡n§l·is |is |e; program is running programma put up for sale v¡num dare; this oper§tur house is for sale hae aed¡s sunt running curs»r·a |ae f v¡n§l¡s runny nose distill§ti«n·¡s |um fpl saleslady (in a shop) tabern§ri·a |ae f; (in a clothing store) vesti§ri·a |ae f runway aërodrom·us |¿ m salesman (in a shop) tabern§ri·us |¿ m; traveling salesman ¿nstit·or |«ris m S saliva sal¿v·a |ae f Sabbath sabbat·a |«rum npl salmon salm·« |«nis m saber ¡ns·is |is m falc§tus saloon tabern·a |ae f p«t«ria sad trist·is |is |e; (showing grief one salt s§l, salis n one’s face) maest·us |a |um salt shaker sal¿n·um |¿ n saddle ephipp·ium |(i) ¿ n same ¿dem eadem idem (gen: eiusdem sadness tristiti·a |ae f, maestiti·a |ae f for all genders); it’s all the same to safe (from) t»t·us |a |um (ab + abl); safe me me§ nihil interest; the same and sound salv·us |a |um et s§n·us thing idem |a |um; safe from danger t»tus § sandal (w. covered toes) sandali·um |¿ per¿cul« n; (simplest form of sandal, with the 374 Conversational Latin

sole fastened to feet with thongs) scale tr (a fish) d¡squ§m§re sole·a |ae f; (with thick leather sole, scaly squ§m«s·us |a |um tied with straps, characteristically worn by Greeks) crepid·a |ae f scam fraus, fraudis f sand trap (golf) har¡n§ri·a |ae f scammer fraud§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) sandwich pastill·um |¿ n fartum; ham sandwich pastillum pern§ fartum scan (poetry, also comput) tr scand·« |ere |¿ sc§nsus; (read over quickly) sarcasm dic§cit·§s |§tis f cito perlegere sarcastic dic§cul·us |a |um, dic·§x |§cis scandalous fl§giti«s·us |a |um sardine sard·a |ae f scanner (comput) sc§ns«ri·um |¿ n sash z«n·a |ae f scare terr·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus satisfaction: to your satisfaction ex tu§ scared territ·us |a |um; I am scared to sententi§ death exanim§tus (-a) met» sum satisfied content·us |a |um scarf amict«ri·um |¿ n (coll§re) satisfy satis facere (+ dat); (hunger, scenery aspect·us |»s m regi«nis; (theat) thirst) expl·e« |¡re |¡v¿ |¡tus; you appar§t·us |»s m scaenicus can’t satisfy everyone n«n potes omnibus satis facere schedule h«r§ri·um |¿ n; bus schedule h«r§rium autoraed§rum long§rum; Saturday di·¡s |¡¿ m S§turn¿ flight schedule h«r§rium sauce i»s, i»ris n; (a dressing, esp. one §ëroplan«rum; train schedule made with vinegar) embamm·a h«r§rium tr§minum |atis n scholar ¡rud¿t·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) saucer pater·a |ae f scholarly ¡rud¿t·us |a |um sauna s»d§t«ri·um |¿ n school adj (of or at a school) schol§r·is sausage farc¿m·en |inis n |is |e save (also comput) serv§re school l»d·us |¿ m; (advanced) schol·a savings account comput·us |¿ m |ae f; attend school scholam condit«rius frequent§re; go to school scholam obe« ob¿re obi¿ or ob¿v¿; skip school savings bank argent§ri·a |ae f pec»li¿s ¿nsci¿s parentibus § schol§ abesse asservand¿s school book lib·er |r¿ m schol§ris saw s serr·a |ae f schoolboy discipul·us |¿ m saw tr serr§ sec·« |§re |u¿ |tus ¶ intr serram d»cere school building aedifici·um |¿ n schol§re saxophone saxoph«n·um |¿ n schoolgirl discipul·a |ae f say d¿c·« |ere d¿x¿ dictus; say hello to Rose iub¡ (pl iub¡te) Rosam salv¡re; schoolmate condiscipul·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) so they say ita aiunt school supplies ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n scale s (of a fish) squ§m·a |ae f; (for schol§re weighing) trutin·a |ae f scissors forf·ex |icis f General Vocabulary 375 scold obiurg§re sculptress sculptr·¿x |¿cis f scolding obiurg§ti·« |«nis f; get a sculpture sculpt»r·a |ae f scolding obiurg§r¿ sea mar·e |is n scooter birot·a |ae f pede pulsa seacoast «r·a |ae f maritima scorching sun flagrantissimus s«l m sea gull gavi·a |ae f score s stat·us |»s m, summ·a |ae f seahorse hippocamp·us |¿ m p»nct«rum; (in golf) summa ictuum; final score status f¿n§lis; he doesn’t seal (an envelope) congl»tin§re know what the score is (fig) nescit seal sign·um |¿ n; (of the sea) ph«c·a quid ag§tur; keep score rati«nem |ae f not§re; the score is tied summae p»nct«rum sunt par¡s seam s»t»r·a |ae f score a goal (soccer) follem pede seamstress (making clothes) vestific·a puls§re; (lacrosse) pilam per portam |ae f; (altering clothes) sarcin§tr·¿x iaci·« |ere i¡c¿ iactus; score a point |¿cis f p»nctum fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; score a searchlight l»min§r·e |is n touchdown calcem (or cr¡tam) atting·« |ere attig¿ att§ctus seashore act·a |ae f scorn contempti·« |«nis f season s temp·us |oris n ann¿; in season tempest¿v·us |a |um scorpion scorpi·« |«nis m; scorpions sting scropi«n¡s ¿cunt season tr cond·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tus scot-free: get off scot-free impun¿t·us seasoning cond¿ment·um |¿ n (|a) d¿mitt·or |¿ d¿miss·us (-a) sum seat s¡d·¡s |is f; (on a fixed bench or scram! apage! chair) sed¿l·e |is n; (in school) subselli·um |¿ n (schol§re); back seat scrape: scrape together the money s¡d¡s posterior; front seat s¡d¡s argentum con·r§d« |r§dere |r§s¿ |r§sus anterior; reserved seat s¡d¡s reserv§ta screen (on television or computer) quadr·um |¿ n v¿sificum; (movie seatbelt cinct»r·a |ae f s¡c»rit§tis; fasten screen) linte·um |¿ n c¿n¡mato- (or put on) one’s seatbelt cinct»ram graphicum accin·g« |gere |x¿ |ctus; unfasten one’s seatbelt cinct»ram s¡c»rit§tis screenplay scr¿pt·um |¿ n scaen§rium lax§re screw cochle·a |ae f second adj secund·us |a |um screw (cheat) d¡fraud§re; (sexually) second s (of time) secund·a |ae f d¡battuere secretary s¡cr¡t§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); screwdriver cochleatorstr·um |¿ n corresponding secretary ab epistul¿s scribble c«nscr¿bill§re secretary of agriculture administ·er |r¿ scroll down (comput) d¡volv·« |ere |¿ m agricult»rae pr«vehendae scrub terg·e« |¡re ters¿ tersus secretary of education administ·er |r¿ m sculptor sculpt·or |«ris m ¡rud¿ti«nis 376 Conversational Latin secretary of state administ·er |r¿ m sense of duty, of responsibility piet·§s r¡rum extern§rum |§tis f secretary of the interior administ·er |r¿ sensible pr»d·¡ns |entis; be sensible m r¡rum intern§rum sap·i« |ere secretary of the treasury administ·er |r¿ sentence s (gram) sententi·a |ae f, m fisc§lis «r§ti·« |«nis f; (leg) i»dici·um |¿ n; pass sentence on i»dicium facere d¡ section (of a city) regi·« |«nis (+ abl) seductive illecebr«s·us |a |um separate s¡par§re see vide« vid¡re v¿d¿ v¿sus; (look at) September m¡ns·is |is m September; in aspic·i« |ere aspex¿ aspectus; I see (I September m¡ns¡ Septembr¿ understand) iam tene«; see again sergeant opti·« |«nis mf revid¡re; see to it that c»r§ (pl: c»r§te) ut (+ subj); you see serious grav·is |is |e; are you serious? [parenthetical] enim s¡ri«ne d¿cis t»? seem vid·eor |¡r¿ v¿sus sum seriousness gravit·§s |§tis f self: he was not his usual self n«n fuit sermon hom¿li·a |ae f; give a sermon hom¿liam hab¡re c»ius mod¿ solet serpent serp·¡ns |entis m; serpents bite self-confidence f¿d»ci·a |ae f (crawl, hiss) serpent¡s ¿cunt (serpent, self-confident c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis; be self- s¿bilant) confident sibi c«nf¿d·« |ere c«nf¿sus serve s (tennis) d¡iect·us |»s m sum serve tr (a person) serv·i« |¿re |i¿ (+ self-control abstinenti·a |ae f dat); (food) app«n·« |ere apposu¿ self-controlled comp·os |otis su¿ appositus; (mil) st¿pendia facere, (st¿pendium) mer·e« |¡re |u¿; serve a self-respect dignit·§s |§tis f summons on diem dare (+ dat); sell v¡nd·« |ere v¡ndid¿ v¡nditus; (of a serve one’s country d¡ r¡ p»blic§ merchant) v¡ndit§re mer¡re ¶ intr (tennis) d¡ic·i« |ere seller v¡ndit·or |«ris m, v¡nditr·¿x |¿cis f d¡i¡c¿; serve as a soldier or sailor (ut) m¿les aut nauta mer¡re semester semestr·e |is n service: be at s.o.’s service alicui seminar s¡min§ri·um |¿ n acad¡micum praest« esse; be of service to s.o. senate sen§t·us |»s m alicui pr«sum pr«desse pr«fu¿ senate building c»ri·a |ae f serviceman m¿lit§r·is |is m senate session sen§t·us |»s m; call service station stati·« |«nis f benz¿n§ria (hold) a senate session sen§tum set s (e.g., of tools) ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n voc§re (hab¡re) set tr (to put) p«n·« |ere posu¿ positus; senator sen§t·or |«ris mf set a price pretium facere or statu·« |ere |¿ stat»tus; set aside p«nere; set senatorial sen§t«ri·us |a |um on fire incend·« |ere |¿ inc¡nsus; set senior seni·or |«ris mf the table m¡nsam p«nere ¶ intr (of General Vocabulary 377

the sun) occid·it |ere |it; set out sheep ov·is |is f profic¿sc·«r |¿ profectus sum sheer (fabrics) rall·us |a |um seventh heaven: be in seventh heaven sheet (of paper) sched·a |ae f, foli·um |¿ in cael« esse n chartaceum; (for the bed) sew su·« |ere |¿ s»tus str§gul·um |¿ n linteum sewing machine m§chin·a |ae f s»t«ria shell (of clam, oyster) test·a |ae f; (of turtle) test»d·« |inis f; (of peanut, sex (gender) sex·us |»s m; (act) egg) put§m·en |inis n stupr·um |¿ n; have sex with stuprum facere cum (+ abl) shepherd p§st·or |«ris m sh-h-h-h! st, st! sheriff geraef·a |ae m (·ria |riae f) shabby sordid·us |a |um shifting (wind, weather) vari·us |a |um shake: quat·i« |ere (no perf) quassus; shifty m«bil·is |is |e; shifty like the (get rid of) §m«l·ior |¿r¿ |¿tus sum; wind vent«s·us |a |um shake the head n»t§re; (to dissent) shinbone t¿bi·a |ae f abn»t§re; shake hands dextrae iungere dextram or dextram iungere shine l»c·e« |¡re l»x¿; shine on ill»c¡re (cum aliqu«); (when campaigning) (+ dat) man»s pr¡ns§re; shake up ship s n§v·is |is f commov·e« |¡re comm«v¿ ship tr d¡veh·« |ere d¡v¡x¿ d¡vectus comm«tus, perturb§re shipyard n§v§l·ia |ium npl shallow tenu·is |is |e shirt ind»si·um |¿ n, cam¿si·a |ae f shame ign«mini·a |ae f; shame on you! pr« pudor!; that’s a darn shame shiver intr trem·« |ere |u¿ edepol facinus improbum; what a shiver s trem·or |«ris m; (severe) shame! facinus indignum!; O rem membr«rum quass§ti·« |«nis f indignam! shock ¡letricus ¿ct·us |»s m shameful ign«mini«s·us |a |um shock (emotionally) atton·« |§re |u¿ |itus shameless improb·us |a |um shoe (worn with toga) calce·us |¿ m; shampoo l«ment·um |¿ n capill§re (oxfords) calceus subt§l§ris; (fancy shape f«rm·a |ae f; be in bad (good) low shoe, of different colors, gold, shape mal¿ (bon¿) habit»s esse, in yellow, decorated with pearls, etc.) mal« (bon«) habit» esse socc·us |¿ m, soccul·us |¿ m; (red shoes of senator) calceus mulleus share (stock) §cti·a |ae f shoelace corrigi·a |ae f shark pistr·is |is m; a shark’s dorsal fin pistris pinn·a |ae f dors§lis shoemaker s»t·or |«ris m shave s r§s»r·a |ae f shoemaker’s shop s»tr¿n·a |ae f shave tr r§d·« |ere r§s¿ r§sus; shave shoe polish c¡r«m·a |atis n s»t«rium every day faciem c«t¿di¡ r§sit§re shoe store tabern·a |ae f s»tr¿na shed tears lacrim§s effund·d« |ere shook: all shook up vehementer eff»d¿ perturb§t·us |a |um 378 Conversational Latin shoot (a person) sclop¡t« tr§nsf¿g·« |ere shower balneol·um |¿ n pluvium; (rain) tr§nsf¿x¿ tr§nsf¿xus; I shot myself in im·ber |bris m; take a shower the foot mihi asciam in cr»s imp¡g¿ balneol« pluvi« »tor »t¿ »sus sum shop s tabern·a |ae f; (workshop) shrewd ast»t·us |a |um, callid·us |a |um offic¿n·a |ae f shrimp squill·a |ae f; (a little guy) shop intr (at a grocery store) obs«n§re; p»mili·« |«nis mf go shopping ¡mptum e« ¿re ¿v¿; I shrine sacr§ri·um |¿ n shopped for clothes per tabern§s lustr§v¿ ut vest¡s emerem shrub fr»t·ex |icis m shopkeeper tabern§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) shuffle (cards) misc·e« |¡re |u¿ m¿xtus shopper ¡mpt·or |«ris m, ¡mptr·¿x |¿cis shun publicity forum ac l»cem fug·i« f; (for groceries) obs«n§t·or |«ris m, |ere f»g¿ obs«n§tr·¿x |¿cis f shut claud·« |ere claus¿ clausus; shut down (comput) claudere; shut up! shopping ¡mpti·« |«nis f; (for groceries) obser§ «s tuum!; why don’t you just obs«n§t·us |»s m shut up? qu¿n t» tac¡s modo? shop window fenestr·a |ae f merc§t«ria shutter foricul·a |ae f shore «r·a |ae f maritima shy timid·us |a |um short adj brev·is |is |e; (vowel) sick (of body or mind) ae·ger |gra corrept·us |a |um |grum; (of body) aegr«t·us |a |um; short s in short in summ§, ad summam get sick in morbum incid·« |ere |¿; I shortcut compend§ri·a |ae f; take a am sick and tired of hearing the shortcut compend§ri§ e« ¿re i¿ same thing over and over (m¡) vald¡ pertaedet iam aud¿re eadem shorts sublig§cul·um |¿ n; (street wear) identidem; I am sick and tired of d¡curt§tae br§c·ae |§rum fpl the business m¡ neg«t¿ vald¡ shortstop intermedius basi§ri·us |¿ m, pertaedet intermedia basi§ri·a |ae f sickly male valid·us |a |um shorty brevicul·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), sickness morb·us |¿ m p»mili·« |«nis mf side intr side with st§re ab (+ abl), shotgun foc¿l·e |is n (bifistul§tum) part¡s (+ gen) sequ·or |¿ sec»tus sum shoulder (h)umer·us |¿ m; shrug the side s (of a body, hill, camp, ship, etc.) shoulders umer«s allev§re lat·us |eris n; (quarter, direction) shoulder bag p¡r·a |ae f par·s |tis f; (faction) part·¡s |ium fpl; shoulder blade scapul·a |ae f (party) par·s |tis f (mostly plural); be on the side of st§re ab (+ abl), shovel p§l·a |ae f sent·i« |¿re s¡ns¿ cum (+ abl); from show m«nstr§re, osten·d« |dere |d¿ |sus (or on) all sides undique; on both or |tus; show off s¡ iact§re; show up sides utrimque; on his mother’s side app§r·e« |¡re |u¿; this shows that … m§tern« genere; on the other side of indici« est (+ acc & inf) ultr§ (+ acc); on the right side of § General Vocabulary 379

latere dextr« (+ gen); on this side of since conj (because) quia, quoniam, cis or citr§ (+ acc) cum; since (temporal) ut (+ indic), sideline (sports) l¿ne·a |ae f later§lis postquam (+ indic), ex qu« tempore (+ indic) side street d¡verticul·um |¿ n, vi·a |ae f later§lis, via secund§ria since prep ex (+ abl), ab (+ abl); ever since »sque ab (+ abl), ex qu« sidewalk crep¿d·« |inis f vi§ria tempore sieve cr¿br·um |¿ n sincere sinc¡r·us |a |um sigh s gemit·us |»s m sing can« canere cecin¿ cantus, cant§re sigh intr gem·« |ere |u¿ |itum; sigh over singer cant§t·or |«ris m, cant§tr·¿x |¿cis f gemere single s«l·us |a |um; (unmarried male) sight (sense) v¿s·us |»s m; at first sight caeleb·s |is; (unmarried female) (on the first appearance of a person inn»pta or thing) pr¿m§ speci¡; (view subjectively) pr¿m« aspect»; catch single room cubicul·um |¿ n »n¿us lect¿ sight of c«nspic·i« |ere c«nspex¿; singular adj singul§r·is |is |e (opp: lose sight of ¡ c«nspect» §mitt·« |ere pl»r§l·is |is |e); in the singular §m¿s¿ singul§riter sign (a document) subscr¿b·« |ere sink (in a bathroom) labell·um |¿ n; (in subscr¿ps¿ subscr¿ptus a kitchen) fus«ri·um |¿ n silence silenti·um |¿ n; call for silence sip sorbill§re silentium facere sir! bone vir!; (to a superior) domine! silent tacit·us |a |um; become (or fall) sister sor·or |«ris f; little sister silent contic¡sc·« |ere; be silent sororcul·a |ae f tac·e« |¡re |u¿; keep s.th. silent aliquid tac¡re sister-in-law glos, gl«ris f; (sister of husband) soror |«ris f mar¿t¿; (wife of silk adj s¡ric·us |a |um; silk clothes brother) ux·or |«ris f fr§tris s¡ric·a |«rum npl sit sed·e« |¡re s¡d¿ sess»rus; sit down silk s s¡ric·um |¿ n c«ns¿d·« |ere c«ns¡d¿; sit up! r¡ct¡ silliness inepti·a |ae f sed¡ (pl: sed¡te)! silly d¡sipi·¡ns |entis; be silly d¡sip·i« site sit·us |»s m, loc·us |¿ m (pl: loc·a |ere, inept·i« |¿re; don’t be silly n«l¿ |«rum npl) inept¿re sitting room exedr·a |ae f, sess«ri·um silverware argente·a |«rum npl |¿ n simple simpl·ex |icis [single-ending adj] situated sit·us |a |um; situated on, near simply (in a simple manner; merely) apposit·us |a |um (+ dat) simpliciter; (only) tantummodo; I situation: that’s the situation here in simply don’t know what he is Rome h¿c R«mae r¡s s¡ s¿c habent; thinking of iam pl§n¡ quid c«gitet you see what the situation is vid¡s nesci«; simply not n«n omn¿n« qu« in loc« haec r¡s sit 380 Conversational Latin situps: do situps identidem resid·e« |¡re skirt gunn·a |ae f, castul·a |ae f res¡d¿ skull calv§ri·a |ae f; I’ll break your size magnit»d·« |inis f, amplit»d·« |inis skull d¿minuam ego tibi caput f skunk viverr·a |ae f p»tida; (slang) skate intr (rotul¿s) patin§re hom·« |inis mf p»tid·us (-a) skate s calce·us |¿ m subrot§tus (see sky cael·um |¿ n Chapter V) skycap (at airport) b§iul·us |¿ m skateboard tabul·a |ae f subrot§ta skylight compluvi·um |¿ n skater patin§t·or |«ris m, patin§tr·¿x skyscraper multiz«ni·um |¿ n |¿cis f slalom d¡cursi·« |«nis f flexu«sa skating s patin§ti·« |«nis f slam dunk tuxtax immissi·« |«nis f ski intr nart§re slap s alap·a |ae f ski s nart·a |ae f; put on skis nart§s pedibus apt§re, nart§s adstrin·g« slap tr alapam dare (+ dat) |gere |x¿; take off the skis nart§s sled trahe·a |ae f, scl«di·a |ae f (l»s«ria) d¡stringere; wax the skis nart§s sledgehammer marc·us |¿ m incer§re (see Chapter V) sleep intr dorm·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ |¿tum; ski boot calig·a |ae f nart§t«ria go to sleep dorm¿tum e« ¿re i¿ or ¿v¿; ski instructor nartand¿ magis·ter |tr¿ m (doze off) obdorm¿sc·« |ere, (·tra |trae f) obdorm¿v¿; put to sleep in sumnum colloc§re ski jump suggest·us |»s m d¡sult«rius sleep s somn·us |¿ m; deep sleep sop·or ski jumping d¡sult»r·a |ae f nart§t«ria |«ris m ski lift anabathr·um |¿ n nart§t«rium sleeping bag sacc·us |¿ m dorm¿t«rius ski lodge cas·a |ae f nart§t«rum sleeping car curr·us |»s m dorm¿t«rius ski pole b§cul·um |¿ n nart§t«rium sleepwalk dormi¡ns ambul§re ski run curricul·um |¿ n nart§t«rium sleepy somnicul«s·us |a |um ski slope cl¿v·us |¿ m nart§t«rius, sleet im·ber |bris m grandine m¿xtus nart§t«ria d¡cursi·« |«nis f sleeve (reaching to the hand) manic·a skier nart§t·or |«ris m, nart§tr·¿x |¿cis f |ae f; with long sleeves manic§t·us skiing s nart§ti·« |«nis f |a |um skill artifici·um |¿ n sleeveless sine manic¿s skilled callid·us |a |um sleigh trahe·a |ae f; go sleigh riding skillful artifici«s·us |a |um; skillful in trahe§ veh·or |¿ vectus sum sc¿t·us |a |um (+ gen) slice segment·um |¿ n skillfulness callidit·§s |§tis f slide intr l§b·or |¿ l§psus sum skin cut·is |is f (pale pallida; dry §rida; slide s im§g·« |inis f tr§nsl»cida; show soft mollis; tough d»ra; wrinkled slides im§gin¡s tr§nsl»cid§s exhib·e« r»g«sa) |¡re |u¿ |itus General Vocabulary 381 slide projector pr«iect«ri·um |¿ n talk smart to me n«l¿ male mihi im§ginum tr§nsl»cid§rum d¿cere; she is smart ingeni«sa est slim gracil·is |is |e (opp: ob¡sus) smell (sense) od«r§t·us |»s m; (odor) slip s (clothing) ind»cul·a |ae f ¿nferior, od·or |«ris m hypoz«ni·um |¿ n; (of paper) smell tr olfac·i« |ere olf¡c¿ ¶ intr (good, schedul·a |ae f; (error) pecc§t·um |¿ bad) (bene, male) ol·e« |¡re |u¿; n; a slip of the tongue laps·us |»s m (stink) obol¡re linguae smile subr¿d·e« |¡re subr¿s¿ slip tr (give furtively) f»rtim dare; it smoke fum§re; (a cigarette, cigar, slipped my mind ¡ memori§ excidit; marijuanna) f»mum (sigarell¿, sigar¿, it slipped my mind to … f»git m¡ cannabis) s»g·« |ere s»x¿ (+ inf) ¶ intr l§b·or |¿ l§psus sum; (leave furtively) slip out s¡ subd»cere smoker f»m§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |¿cis f) slipper socc·us ¿ m; (of felt) »d·« |«nis smooth-talking blandiloqu·us |a |um m smug c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis slippery l»bric·us |a |um smugness c«nf¿denti·a |ae f slope intr verg·« |ere; sloping toward snack merend·a |ae f; have a snack the sea verg¡ns ad mare merendam capere slope s cl¿v·us |¿ m; steep (gentle) slope snack bar vor§tr¿n·a |ae f arduus (l¡nis) cl¿vus snail cochle·a |ae f sloppy (weather) spurc·us |a |um; snake angu·is |is mf (person) neglig·¡ns |entis; (road) lutulent·us |a |um snarl (of an animal) gann·i« |¿re slow adj (physically, mentally) lent·us |a sneakers calce·¿ |«rum mpl gymnic¿ |um; slow to learn segn·is |is |e sneak off clanculum ab·e« |¿re abi¿ slow down cursum reprim« reprimere sneeze intr sternu·« |ere |¿ repress¿ sneeze s stern»ment·um |¿ n sluggish heb·es |etis; be sluggish sniff s get a sniff of olfacere heb·e« |¡re sniff tr sniff out (e.g., trouble) od«r·or sly ast»t·us |a |um; on the sly clam |§r¿ |§tus sum small parv·us |a |um; parvul·us |a |um snobbish fast¿di«s·us |a |um smaller min·or |or |us snore stert·o |ere small-mindedness humilit·§s |§tis f snow impers v ningit ningere n¿nxit smallpox variol·ae |§rum fpl; have snow s nix, nivis f smallpox variol¿s lab«r§re; smallpox vaccination variol§rum vaccin§ti·« snowball pil·a |ae f nivea |«nis f snowdrift agg·er |eris m niveus smart (clever) callid·us |a |um; snowed: I am snowed under with (talented) ingeni«s·us |a |um; obru·or |¿ obrutus, tamquam fluct», (impertinent) ¿nsol·¡ns |entis; don’t s¿c ego (+ abl) 382 Conversational Latin snowfall nivis c§s·us |»s m software (comput) part·¡s |ium fpl snowstorm ning·or |«ris m programmati«nis snowy niv«s·us |a |um, niv§l·is |is |e soldier m¿l·es |itis mf (see chapter on War and Peace) so (with adj or adv) tam, ita; (with verb) ade«, s¿c; and so itaque; how so? sole (of shoe or foot) sol·um |¿ n, plant·a |ae f quid ita?; is it really so? itane v¡r«?; is that so? itane?; so far so good solution sol»ti·« |«nis f bell¡ adh»c; so many tot; so much some adj aliqu¿ aliqua aliquod (pl: aliqu¿ tant·us |a |um; so much for that aliquae aliqua); some (a number of) e§tenus; so so (tolerably well) ita aliquot (indecl); some (amount of) tenuiter; so to speak ut ita d¿cam; aliquid (+ gen); some meat aliquid that’s not so! haud ita est! carnis; some … or other nesci« qu¿, soak made·faci« |facere |f¡c¿ |factus nesci« quae, nesci« quod; some senator or other nesci« qu¿ sen§tor soaking rain largus im·ber |bris m someday (in indef fut) aliquand« soap sap·« |«nis m; bar of soap sap«nis quadrul·a |ae f; liquid soap sap« someone aliquis, alic»ius liquidus sometime (or other) aliquand«; sober (not drunk) s«bri·us |a |um (opp: sometime ago d»dum, pr¿dem ¡brius) sometimes n«nnumquam; interdum; soccer pedifolli·um |¿ n, pedil»di·um |¿ sometimes … sometimes modo … n; play soccer pedifolle l»dere (see modo, interdum … interdum Chapter V) somewhat adv aliquant«; feel somewhat soccer ball pedifoll·is |is m better (of a patient) meliuscul·us |a |um esse soccer field camp·us |¿ m pedifoli¿, campus l»s«rius son f¿li·us |¿ m soccer player l»s·or |«ris m pedifolli¿ song cant·us |»s m, cantic·um |¿ n soccer shoes calce§ment·a |«rum npl son-in-law gen·er |er¿ m pedifoli¿ soon mox; (in a minute) iam; (at any moment) iam iam; as soon as cum soccer stadium stadi·um |¿ n pedifolli¿ pr¿mum; as soon as possible quam sociable soci§bil·is |is |e pr¿mum; how soon? quam mox?; social security ass¡c»r§ti·« |«nis f soon thereafter mox deinde; too soci§lis soon nimium cito; very soon perbrev¿ tempore socket cont§ct·um |¿ n (¡lectricum) sooner: no sooner said than done dict« socks imp¿li·a |«rum npl citius or dictum factum; sooner or soda aqu·a |ae f Selter§na later s¡rius ocius sofa tor·us |¿ m t«ment« fartus sophomore sophom«r·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) soft moll·is |is |e soprano supr§nist·a |ae f softly (in a low voice) summiss§ voce sore throat exasper§tae fauc·¡s |ium fpl General Vocabulary 383 sorority sod§lit·§s |§tis f alumn§rum listening loquere! audi«; speak of sorry: I feel sorry for the others m¡ the devil lupus in f§bul§; well, speak miseret ali«rum; I’m (you’re) sorry up! qu¿n t» ¡loquere! m¡ (t¡) paenitet speaker megaph«n(i)·um |¿ n sound adj inte·ger |gra |grum special delivery letter epistul·a |ae f sound s son·us |¿ m acceler§ta soundly (to sleep) art¡; (to defeat) speech «r§ti·« |«nis f; make a speech ¡gregi¡ «r§ti«nem hab¡re soup i»scul·um |¿ n, sorbiti·« |«nis f speed limit v¡l«cit§tis mod·us |¿ m soup bowl magid·a |ae f spell tr scr¿b·« |ere scr¿ps¿ scr¿ptus; spell correctly r¡ct¡ scr¿bere; spell with soup spoon cochle·ar |§ris m cap§cius scr¿bere per (+ acc); some spell source f«n·s |tis m, cap·ut |itis n “cum” with a “q” if it signifies time south adj ¿nfer·ior |ior |ius, mer¿di§n·us qu¿dam scr¿bunt “cum” per “q” |a |um; on the south side latere litteram, s¿ tempus significat mer¿di§n«; south of infr§ (+ acc) spelling s orthographi·a |ae f south adv ad mer¿diem spend (time) ag« agere ¡g¿ §ctus, south s mer¿di·¡s |¡¿ m, mer¿di§n·um |¿ c«ns»m·« |ere |ps¿ |ptus; spend the n; in the south § mer¿di¡ night pernoct§re; spend the summer aest¿v§re; spend the winter hiem§re; southern mer¿di«n§l·is |is |e, spend time (effort, money) on mer¿di§n·us |a |um, ¿nfer·ior |ior |ius tempus (operam, pec»niam) southward in mer¿diem versus [versus is impend·« |ere |¿ imp¡nsus (in + acc) an adverb] spicy §cer §cris §cre south wind Aus·ter |tr¿ m spider ar§ne·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) sow porc·a |ae f, s»·s |is f; sows oink spider web ar§ne·a |ae f s»¡s grunniunt spill tr effund·« |ere eff»d¿ eff»sus ¶ spacious ampl·us |a |um intr effundor effund¿ eff»sus sum spaghetti spacell·¿ |«rum mpl spinach spinaci·a |ae f Spain Hisp§ni·a |ae f spine (anat) sp¿n·a |ae f dors¿ spam (comput) sagin§ti·« |«nis f spirit: spirit of the law volunt·§s |§tis f spare time temp·us |oris n subsic¿vum l¡gis; that’s the right spirit now spark plug cand¡l·a |ae f acc¡ns¿va nunc t» fr»g¿ bonae es sparrow pass·er |eris m (see bird) spit s sp»t·um |¿ n spasm spasm·us |¿ m; have a muscle spit tr & intr spu·« |ere |¿ sp»tus; spasm § m»scul¿ spasm« lab«r§re (frequentative) sput§re speak tr & intr loqu·or |¿ loc»tus sum; splendid: absolutely splendid! nimis d¿c·« |ere d¿x¿ dictus; speak Latin, factum bene!; splendid! euge! speak correct Latin Lat¿n¡ loqu¿; so split one’s sides laughing ¿lia sua r¿s» to speak ut ita d¿cam; speak! I’m dissolv·« |ere |¿ 384 Conversational Latin sponge s spongi·a |ae f; sponge stick (for sheep) ov¿l·e |is n; (for pigs) (used by Romans for the same su¿l·e |is n purpose as modern toilet paper) stadium stadi·um |¿ n xilospongi·um |¿ n sponge tr sponge a meal c¡nam capt§re staff member, staff officer contubern§l·is |is mf spoon cochle·ar |§ris n stag cerv·us |¿ m sport §thl¡tic·a |ae f, disport·us |»s m stage sc¡n·a |ae f, prosc¡ni·um |¿ n; sport shirt camisi·a |ae f campestris (step in progress) grad·us |»s m; go sportswear vest·is |is f campestris on the stage in sc¡nam pr«d·e« |¿re spouse con·i»nx |iugis mf |i¿; stage of life aet§tis grad·us |»s m sprain tr lux§re staircase sc§l·ae |§rum fpl sprain s lux§t»r·a |ae f stairs sc§l·ae |§rum fpl; climb the stairs per sc§l§s ascend·« |ere |¿ spread sheet (comput) chart·a |ae f comput§t¿va stair well sc§l§ri·um |¿ n spring f«n·s |tis m; (season) v¡r, v¡ris n stamp pitt§ci·um |¿ n cursu§le spring break feri·ae |§rum fpl vernae; stand tr I can’t stand him istum ferre spend the spring break feri§s vern§s n«n que«; I can’t stand the cold ag« agere ¡g¿ §ctus fr¿goris impati¡ns sum ¶ intr st« st§re sprint curs·us |»s m brevis stet¿; I’d like to know how matters stand velim sc¿re qu« mod« r¡s s¡ spunk alacrit·§s |§tis f habeant spunky ala·cer |cris |cre standing ovation: give s.o. a standing squabble intr r¿x·or |§r¿ |§tus sum ovation alicui stant¡s plau·d« |dere squabble s r¿x·a |ae f |s¿ squad turm·a |ae f stands (bleachers) for·¿ |«rum mpl square intr this simply doesn’t square staple s unc¿nul·us |¿ m (metallicus) n«n s§n¡ quadrat staple tr c«ns·u« |suere |su¿ |s»tus square s quadr§t·um |¿ n; (rectangular stapler unc¿n§t«ri·um |¿ n, c«ns»t«ri·um space surrounded by buildings or |¿ n (chart§rum) streets) §re·a |ae f; (carpenter’s tool) starling sturn·us |¿ m (see bird) norm·a |ae f start initi·um |¿ n; at the start of the squeak (of mice, rats) mintr·i« |¿re year ann« ineunte; you’ve made a squeeze the flesh (when campaigning) good start bene habent tibi pr¿ncipia pr¡ns§re starter (on a car) incit§tr·um |¿ n; for squirrel sci»r·us |¿ m starters pr¿ncipi« stability firmit·§s |§tis f starvation fam·¡s |is f stable adj firm·us |a |um starve tr f§me c«n·fici« |ficere |f¡c¿ stable s stabul·um |¿ n; (for horses) |fectus ¶ intr f§me c«nfic¿; I’m equ¿l·e |is n; (for cows) bov¿l·e |is n; starved fame ¡nectus sum General Vocabulary 385 state (the state as a community) c¿vit·§s stew tr lent« igne coqu·« |ere cox¿ |§tis f; state of mind affecti·« |«nis f coctus ¶ intr aestu§re; I stewed over anim¿ it for a long time in e« aestu§v¿ di» statesman vir, vir¿ m c¿v¿lis steward hosp·es |itis m §erius stationery chart·a f epistul§ris stewardess hospit·a |ae f §eria stationery store tabern·a |ae f chart§ria stewed i»rulent·us |a |um; (drunk) ¡lix·us |a |um statue statu·a |ae f, sign·um |¿ n stick to one’s guns in sententi§ st« st§re status stat·us |»s m stet¿; stick to the truth in v¡rit§te statute l¡x, l¡gis f man·e« |¡re m§ns¿ stay man·e« |¡re |s¿ |s»rus; still (till now) adh»c (temporarily) mor·or |§r¿ |§tus sum sting s (on a bee) acule·us |¿ m; (bite) steak fr»st·um |¿ n b»bulae ict·us |»s m steal f»r·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; clep·« |ere |s¿ sting tr ¿c·« |ere ¿c¿ ictus |tus; toll·« |ere sustul¿ subl§tus stingy sordid·us |a |um steeple turr·is |is f camp§n§ria stink foet·e« |¡re steer s iuvenc·us |¿ m stinky foetid·us |a |um steer tr gubern§re stock §cti·a |ae f steering wheel rot·a |ae f moder§tr¿x stock broker chr¡matist·a |ae m (·ria step s grad·us |»s m; step by step |riae f) grad§tim; steps (of stairs) grad·»s stock exchange burs·a |ae f |uum mpl; take steps (take measures) rati«nem in¿re stocking t¿bi§l·e |is n; (of felt and covering part of the legs) imp¿li·um step gradi·or |¿ gressus sum; step on it! |¿ n m§t»r§! (pl: m§t»r§te!) stock market chr¡matisteri·um |¿ n, stepbrother (on father’s side) v¿tric¿ burs·a |ae f f¿li·us |¿ m; (on mother’s side) novercae f¿lius stomach stomach·us |¿ m, ven·ter |tris m stepdaughter pr¿vign·a |ae f stomach ache dol·or |«ris m stomach¿ stepfather v¿tric·us |¿ m stone: I will leave no stone unturned nihil praetermittam stepmother noverc·a |ae f stoned (drunk) ¡lix·us |a um stepsister (on father’s side) v¿tric¿ f¿li·a |§e f; (on mother’s side) novercae stool scabell·um |¿ n; (for sitting or f¿lia mounting) scamn·um |¿ n stepson pr¿vign·us |¿ m stool pigeon ind·ex |icis mf stereo stereoph«ni·um |¿ n stop (come to a stop) sist·« |ere stit¿; (desist from) d¡sin·« |ere d¡s¿v¿ or stern asp·er |era |erum d¡si¿ (+ inf); does the bus (train) stew s i»rulent·um |¿ n; be in a stew stop in … subsistitne autoraeda over aestu§re (w causal abl) longa (tr§men) in (+ abl)?; stop! 386 Conversational Latin

ast§!; stop off at d¡vers§r¿ apud (+ street vi·a |ae f; (with houses) plat¡·a acc); stop off at s.o.’s house apud |ae f; (paved) str§t·a |ae f; across the aliquem d¡vers§r¿ (or d¡vert·« |ere street from exadversum (+ acc) |¿); stop right there! st§ ¿lic«!; stop streetcar curr·us |»s m ¡lectricus talking! d¡sine (pl: d¡sinite) loqu¿! they finally stopped talking f¿nem street clothes for¡ns·ia |ium npl loquend¿ d¡mum f¡c¡runt street map tabul·a |ae f vi§ria stop-over commor§ti·« |«nis f; make a stretch see extend stop-over commor·or |§r¿ |§tus sum stretch spati·um |¿ n stop sign sign·um |¿ n subsistend¿ strict sev¡r·us |a |um; (person in stop watch chronosc«pi·um |¿ n authority) acerb·us |a |um store tabern·a |ae f; (supply) c«pi·a |ae f strictly speaking propri¡ storeroom cell·a |ae f strike (work stoppage) operistiti·um |¿ stork cic«ni·a |ae f (see bird) n; be or go on strike opus storm tempest·§s |§tis f; procell·a |ae f; inter·mitt« |mittere |m¿s¿; make a a storm arose tempest§s coorta est strike (in bowling) omn¡s c«n«s stormy procell«s·us |a |um, turbulent·us simul pr«stern·« |ere pr«str§v¿ |a |um string chord·a |ae f, f¿l·um |¿ n; story (tale) f§bul·a |ae f; (rumor) f§m·a (comput) seri·¡s |¡¿ f |ae f; (floor) tabul§t·um |¿ n, strip (e.g., of bacon) segment·um |¿ n contign§ti·« |«nis f; to make a long story short n¡ longus sim or n¡ stroke of luck l»s·us |»s m fort»nae longam faciam stroll intr spati·or |§r¿ |atus sum, stove foc·us |¿ m, focul·us |¿ m; electric d¡ambul§re (gas) stove focus ¡lectricus (gaseus) stroll s would you like to take a stroll? straight d¿rect·us |a |um; go straight vel¿sne spati§r¿? home! ¿ (pl: ¿te) r¡ct§ domum! strong valid·us |a |um (opp: imb¡cill·us straighten out a matter rem explic§re |a |um) strait fr¡t·um |¿ n; Strait of Messina stubborn obstin§t·us |a |um fr¡tum Siculum stuck: he is stuck on some girl or strange m¿r·us |a |um; strange to say other in am«re haeret apud nesci« m¿r§bile dict» quam virginem; be stuck on haer·e« strap l«r·um |¿ n; (for shoe or sandal, |¡re haes¿ in (+ abl); I’m stuck (out sometimes decorated with gems) of ideas) haere« obstr§gul·um |¿ n stuck-up vultu«s·us |a |um; fastidi«s·us straw str§ment·um |¿ n; (for drinking) |a |um; be stuck-up fastid·i« |¿re s¿ph·« |«nis m student discipul·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), strawberry fr§g·um |¿ n stud·¡ns |entis m, studentiss·a |ae f stray (dog, cat, etc.) extr§ri·us |a |um studies studi·a |«rum npl stream r¿v·us |¿ m study (a room) studiol·um |¿ n General Vocabulary 387 study stud·e« |¡re |u¿ (+ dat) ¶ intr suddenly statim, subit«, repente stud¡re sue s.o. l¿tem alicui ¿nfer« ¿nferre intul¿ study period spati·um |¿ n studi«sum ill§tus stuff (junk) n»g·ae |§rum fpl suffer tr fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; suffer stumble over new words nova verba punishment poenam dare ¶ intr offend·« |ere |¿ pat·ior |¿ passus sum; suffer from dol·e« |¡re |u¿ (+ abl of ailment or sturgeon accip¡ns·er |eris m affected part), lab«r§re (+ abl); style mod·us |¿ m; go out of style suffering from oppress·us |a |um (+ exol¡sc·« |ere exol¡v¿ abl) subdirectory (comput) plic§rum sugar sacchar·um |¿ n; cube of sugar subind·ex |icis m cub·us |¿ m sacchar¿ subject (e.g., history, math, etc.) sugar bowl v§scul·um |¿ n sacchar¿ discipl¿n·a |ae f; (topic) suggest sub·ici« |icere |i¡c¿ |iectus; as arg»ment·um |¿ n; (gram) subiect·um |¿ n ; (topic studied) gen·us |eris n you suggest quemadmodum su§d¡s studi«rum, doctr¿n·a |ae f suggestion: at your suggestion t¡ subject matter m§teri·a |ae f auct«re subjunctive adj subi»nct¿v·us |a |um; suit synthes·is |is f; (leg) §cti·« |«nis f; subjunctive mood subi»nct¿vus bring a suit against s.o. §cti«nem mod·us |¿ m alicui inten·d« |dere |d¿ subjunctive s subi»nct¿v·us |¿ m suitcase risc·us |¿ m; (small suitcase) riscul·us |¿ m submarine n§v·is |is f submar¿na suite (of rooms) diaet·a |ae f subordinate conjunction s subi»nct¿va coni»ncti·« |«nis f sultry aestu«s·us |a |um subscribe subscr¿b·« |ere subscr¿ps¿ sum: to sum up ad summam or in summam or in summ§ substitute adj vic§ri·us |a [not neuter] summary summ§ri·um |¿ n, brevi§ri·um substitute s succ¡d§ne·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) |¿ n substitute tr (for) substitu·« |ere |¿ |tus summer adj aest¿v·us |a |um (pr« + abl) summer s aest·§s |§tis f subtract d¡trah·« |ere d¡trax¿ d¡tractus summer vacation f¡riae aest¿vae; spend suburb suburbi·um |¿ n the summer vacation f¡ri§s aest¿v§s subway ferrivi·a |ae f subterr§nea agere success r¡s, re¿ f f¡l¿citer gesta, r¡s bene summit cac»m·en |inis n gesta, succ¡ss·us |»s m sun s«l, s«lis m; full sun pl»rimus s«l such a t§l·is |is |e; such a big tant·us |a |um; such is the case r¡s s¡ ita habet sunbathe apr¿c·or |§r¿ sucker (fool) barcal·a |ae mf; take s.o. sunbathing apr¿c§ti·« |«nis f for a sucker alicui «s sublin« Sunday di·¡s |¡¿ m S«lis; (eccles) sublinere subl¡v¿ Dominica f 388 Conversational Latin sun glasses perspicill·a |«rum n s«l§ria surfboard tabul·a |ae f fl»ct¿vaga (or ¿nfusc§ta) surgeon ch¿rurg·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); the sunny apr¿c·us |a |um surgeon operated on her ch¿rurgus sunrise ort·us |»s m s«lis; at sunrise eam secuit s«le ort« surgery (the art) ch¿rurgi·a |ae f; sunset occ§s·us |»s m s«lis (practice) man·us |»s f; use surgery manum adhib¡re sunshine s«l, s«lis m surly mor«s·us |a um et difficil·is |is |e suntan adustus col·or |«ris m; get a suntan col«r§re surprise m¿r·um |¿ n superintendent (of a school district) surprised: be surprised that m¿r·or |§r¿ superintend·¡ns |entis mf; (of a |§tus sum (w acc + inf) building) pr«c»r§t·or |«ris m surrender intr s¡ d¡·d« |dere |did¿; superlative adj superl§t¿v·us |a |um force an enemy to surrender hostem in d¡diti«nem ven¿re c«g·« superlative s grad·us |»s m superl§t¿vus; |ere co¡g¿ co§ctus in the superlative superl§t¿v¡; give me “laetus” in the superlative d¿c surrender s d¡diti·« |«nis f “laetus” superl§t¿v¡ suspect s suspect·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) supermarket super¿nstit«ri·um |¿ n suspect tr suspic·i« |ere suspex¿ supine s sup¿n·um |¿ n suspectus supper c¡n·a |ae f; for supper in c¡nam suspense: be in suspense in susp¡ns« esse; not to keep you any longer in supplies comme§t·us |»s m (used both suspense n¡ di»tius in susp¡ns« as collective singular and in the pende§s plural); cut off the enemy’s supplies inter·cl»d« |cl»dere |cl»s¿ host¡s suspicion suspici·« |«nis f; come under comme§tibus suspicion in suspici«nem ven¿re supply: supply s.o. with men and arms suspicious suspic·§x |§cis; (suspected) alicui vir«s et arma ministr§re suspect·us |a |um suppose op¿n·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; I swallow hirund·« |inis f (see bird) suppose [parenthetical] ut op¿nor swamp pal·»s |»dis f sure adj cert·us |a |um; be sure to come swan cycn·us |¿ m (see bird) facit« (or fac) modo ut veni§s; for swap perm»t§re; swap places loca inter sure pr« cert«; I am sure that certus s¡ perm»t§re (-a) sum (+ acc & inf); know for sure certum (or pr« cert«) sci« sc¿re swarm (of bees, wasps, locusts) sc¿v¿ sc¿tus; I think but don’t know ex§m·en |inis n for sure op¿nor sed cert« nesci«; to swear in the soldiers m¿lit¡s sacr§ment« be sure nempe adig·« |ere ad¡g¿ ad§ctus surely cert¡, quidem, s§n¡ sweat intr s»d§re surf intr tabul§ fl»ctivag§ per summ§s sweat s s»d·or |«ris m; break a sweat und§s pr«l§b·or |¿ pr«l§psus sum ¿ns»d§re; no sweat! n«n lab«r«! General Vocabulary 389 sweat suit vest·is |is f gymnica swordfish xiphi·§s |ae m sweater th«r·§x |§cis m l§nius syllable s syllab·a |ae f; syllables form sweep the floor pav¿mentum verr·« |ere words syllabae faciunt dicti«n¡s |¿ versus sympathy: show sympathy for sweeper (soccer) l»s·or |«ris m l¿ber, commiser·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (+ acc) l»sr·¿x |¿cis f l¿bera symphony symph«ni·a |ae f sweet dulc·is |is |e symptom not·a |ae f, indici·um |¿ n sweetheart: my sweetheart volupt§s synagogue synag«g·a |ae f mea; oculus meus, ocellus meus; (in syntax s syntax·is |is f address) mea volupt§s, m¿ ocule, m¿ ocelle swell (up) (of limbs) turg·e« |¡re turs¿, T s¡ attoll·« |ere (opp: s¡ summittere) T-shirt tunicul·a |ae f sweltering aestu«s·us |a |um table m¡ns·a |ae f; set the table swim nat§re m¡nsam p«n·« |ere posu¿; sit down at the table m¡nsae ad·s¿d« |s¿dere swimming s nat§ti·« |«nis f (see |s¡d¿; wipe off the table m¡nsam Chapter V) perterg·« |ere perters¿ swimming instructor natand¿ magis·ter tablecloth mant¡l·e |is n |tr¿ m (·tra |trae f) table of contents ind·ex |icis m capitum swimming meet cert§m·en |inis n nat§t«rium tablet (for writing) tabul·a |ae f; (of medication) pastill·us |¿ m swimming pool pisc¿n·a |ae f table tennis (see Ping-Pong) swimsuit vest·is |is f balne§ris tableware ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl swim trunks sublig§cul·um |¿ n esc§ria balne§re tactics: change one’s tactics rati«nem swindle fraud§re; swindle s.o. out of bell¿ gerend¿ m»t§re aliquem fraud§re (+ abl) tail caud·a |ae f swindler pl§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), fraud§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f taillight l»min·are |§ris n post¿cum swing intr oscill§re tailor (making clothes) vestific·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); (altering clothes) swing s oscill·um |¿ n sarcin§t·or |«ris m swipe (steal) surr·ipi« |ripere |ripu¿ tailor shop vestific¿n·a |ae f |reptus take tr (accept) accip·i« |ere acc¡p¿ Swiss Helv¡ti·us |a |um acceptus; (to a person or place) switch (electrical) m»t§tr·um |¿ n affer« afferre attul¿ all§tus; (to escort, Switzerland Helv¡ti·a |ae f lead) d»c·« |ere d»x¿ ductus; here, take it em, accipe; I can’t take it swivel chair sell·a |ae f versatilis anymore pat¿ neque« amplius; I take swollen tumid·us |a |um it (parenthetical) ut op¿nor; take 390 Conversational Latin

away (hope, freedom, sleep, life) talkative loqu·§x |§cis adim·« |ere ad¡m¿ ad¡mptus; take talk show spect§cul·um |¿ n down (notes, lecture) excipere; disput§t¿vum; (on radio) disput§ti·« (unfasten) ref¿g·« |ere ref¿x¿; take |«nis f radioph«nica for (regard as) hab¡re; take (a dog) for a walk d»cere; take in s.o. (con tall pr«c¡r·us |a |um; be a head taller s.o.) alicui verba dare; take into than t«t« vertice esse supr§ (+ acc); consideration respic·i« |ere resp¡x¿; he is tall stat»r§ pr«c¡r§ est, pr«c¡rus take it easy! parce! (pl: parcite!); est take it hard that graviter fer« ferre tank lac·us |»s m; (mil) autocurr·us |»s tul¿ (+ acc & inf); take off (clothes) m arm§tus exu« exuere exu¿ ex»tus; (clothes, tape s (adhesive) taeni·a |ae f adhaes¿va; shoes, ring) d¡trah« d¡trahere (audiotape) ph«notaeniol·a |ae f; d¡trax¿; take pains to in magn« (audiocasette) ph«nocas¡t·a |ae f; neg«ti« hab¡re (+ inf); take place f¿« make a tape ph«notaeniolam fier¿ factus sum; take pleasure in c«nficere capere laetitiam ex (+ abl); take upon oneself (to) in s¡ conferre (+ tape tr in ph«notaeniol§ imprim·« inf); the preposition “ad” takes the imprimere impress¿ impressus accusative case “ad” praepositi« tape recorder magn¡toph«n·um |¿ n, c§su¿ acc»s§t¿v« servit; they know cas¡toph«n·um |¿ n that they were taken in sciunt sibi target sc«p·us |¿ m data esse verba; this verb takes the accusative case hoc verbum tariff port«ri·um |¿ n coniungitur (or adiungitur) c§su¿ task op·us |eris n, p¡ns·um |¿ n acc»s§t¿v« ¶ intr take after similis esse (+ gen); take off (lit: go away) taste s (sense) gust§t·us |»s m; (flavor) ab·e« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿; (coll) apocul§re; sap·or |«ris m; (foretaste, sample) (of a plane) avol§re gust·us |»s m; lack of good taste d¡formit·§s |§tis f; this is not to my take-off (of a plane) §vol§ti·« |«nis f taste hoc n«n me¿ stomach¿ est talent ingeni·um |¿ n taste tr & intr sap·i« |ere |¿v¿ or |i¿; talented ingeni«s·us |a |um taste like sapere (+ acc) talk s serm·« |«nis m; (childish, silly, tax vect¿g·al |§lis n; collect taxes everyday) talk (puer¿lis, stultus, vect¿g§lia exig·« |ere ex¡g¿ ex§ctus; quotidi§nus) serm«; give a talk impose a tax on vect¿gal imp«n·« serm«nem hab¡re; have a talk with |ere imposu¿ impositus (+ dat); pay s.o. cum aliqu« d¿ligenter colloqu·or taxes vect¿g§lia p¡nsit§re |¿ colloc»tus sum; small talk tax collector ex§ct·or |«ris m, sermuncul·us |¿ m; that’s mere talk p»blic§n·us |¿ m verba istaec sunt taxi raed·a |ae f merit«ria talk tr & intr loqu·or |¿ loc»tus sum; talk back (to) ¿nsolenter respond·e« tea the·a |ae f |¡re |¿ (+ dat); talk s.th. over with teach (w. double acc) doc·e« |¡re |u¿ s.o. aliquid cum aliqu« communic§re |tus; teach Latin Lat¿n¡ doc¡re General Vocabulary 391 teacher magis·ter |tr¿ m (·tra |trae f) telephone book t¡leph«nicus ind·ex teachers’ room oec·us |¿ n magistr«rum |icis m; look in the telephone book (or magistr§rum) t¡leph«nicum indicem ¿nspic·i« |ere ¿nspex¿ teaching assistant magistrae (or magistr¿) adi»·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x telephone booth cell·a |ae f t¡leph«nica |tr¿cis f) telephone call (local, long-distance) teaching method docend¿ rati·« |«nis f t¡leph«n¡m·a |atis n (loc§le, longinquum) teacup pocill·um |¿ n the§num telephone conversation t¡leph«n¡m·a team turm·a |ae f |atis n teapot hirni·a |ae (or hirniol·a |ae) f telephone line c«nexi·« |«nis f the§na t¡leph«nica tear s lacrim·a |ae f; shed tears telephone number numer·us |¿ m lacrim§s profund·« |ere prof»d¿ t¡leph«nicus prof»sus telephone receiver auscult§bul·um |¿ n; tear tr scind·« |ere scid¿ scissus; I can’t pick up the receiver auscult§bulum tear myself away from my books in toll·« |ere sustul¿ libr¿s haer·e« |¡re haes¿; tear down telephone ring tinn¿t·us |»s m (building) diru·« |ere |¿ dir»tus; tear t¡leph«nicus to bits or pieces lani§re, d¿lacer§re; tear up (paper) discindere ¶ intr (to telescope t¡lescopi·um |¿ n rush) ru·« |ere |¿; (of clothes, etc.) television t¡lev¿si·« |«nis f; (set) scind·or |¿ scissus sum; tear along t¡lev¿s«ri·um |¿ n; turn on (turn off) the road viam vor§re the television t¡lev¿s«rium excit§re tease tax§re (exstingu·« |ere exst¿nx¿ exst¿nctus); turn down (up) the television vim teaspoon parvum cochle·§r |§ris n t¡lev¿s«ri¿ remitt·« |ere rem¿s¿ telephone adj t¡leph«nic·us |a |um (aug·e« |¡re aux¿); watch television telephone s t¡leph«n·um |¿ n; by t¡lev¿si«nem spect§re telephone t¡leph«nic¡; call s.o. on television audience t¡lev¿s«r·¡s |um mpl the telephone aliquem per television broadcast ¡missi·« |«nis f t¡leph«num voc§re; dial a number t¡lev¿sifica numerum (t¡leph«nicum) s¡lig·« |ere s¡l¡g¿ s¡l¡ctus; dial the area code television channel t¡lev¿s«rius can§l·is numerum praes¡l¡ct«rium s¡ligere; |is m speak with s.o. on the telephone television news t¡lediurn·a |«rum npl cum aliqu« t¡leph«nic¡ colloquor television program programm·a |atis n colloqu¿ colloc»tus sum; the t¡lev¿sificum telephone is ringing t¡leph«num tinnit; use a pay phone t¡leph«n« television screen quadr·um |¿ n mon¡t§l¿ »tor »t¿ »sus sum t¡lev¿s¿ficum telephone tr per t¡leph«num voc§re, television series seri·¡s |¡¿ f t¡lev¿sifica t¡leph«n« compell§re television set t¡lev¿s«ri·um |¿ n 392 Conversational Latin television viewer t¡lev¿s·or |«ris m tension contenti·« |«nis f; (anxiety) (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) §nxiet·§s |§tis f tell n§rr§re; tell about n§rr§re d¡ (+ tent tent«ri·um |¿ n abl); tell a lie mend§cium d¿cere; tell tenterhooks: be on tenterhooks anim¿ a secret s¡cr¡tum ¡loqu·or |¿ pend·e« |¡re pepend¿ ¡loc»tus sum; tell the truth v¡rum d¿cere term (expression) verb·um |¿ n; (semester) studi«rum spati·um |¿ n, temper ¿r§cundi·a |ae f; have a bad temper summ§ ¿r§cundi§ esse; keep s¡m¡str·e |is n; term of office one’s temper ¿r§cundiam cohib·e« spati·um |¿ n (temporis) magistr§t»s |¡re |u¿; lose one’s temper ¿r§cund§ terminal stati·« |«nis f termin§lis; efferor efferr¿ ¡l§tus sum (comput) termin§l·e |is n temperature temper§t»r·a |ae f; the terms condici«n·¡s |um fpl; be on temperature fell below thirty-two friendly terms with a country in degrees temper§t»ra l§psa est subter am¿citi§ popul¿ esse; I’m on good du«s et tr¿gint§ grad»s; the terms with in gr§ti§ sum cum (+ temperature is two degrees above abl); mihi cum (+ abl) magna freezing temper§t»ra est ad du«s necessit»d« est; on these terms h¿s grad»s supr§ p»nctum glaci§le; what condici«nibus, h¿s l¡gibus; stick by is the temperature? qu« grad» stat the terms in condici«nibus man·e« temper§t»ra? |¡re m§ns¿ temple templ·um |¿ n, aed·¡s |is f; terms of peace p§cis condici«n·¡s |um (anat) temp·us |oris n fpl; accept terms of peace p§cis ten decem [indecl]; ten times deci¡s condici«n¡s accipere (opp: tendon nerv·us |¿ m repudi§re); dictate terms of peace to p§cis condici«n¡s d¿cere (+ dat); tennis tenil»di·um |¿ n, tenisi·a |ae f; propose terms of peace p§cis play tennis tenisi§ l»dere (see condici«n¡s fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus Chapter V) tennis ball pil·a |ae f tenisiae terrace xyst·us |¿ m tennis court camp·us |¿ m tenil»di¿ terrain n§t»r·a |ae f loc¿ tennis doubles l»d·us |¿ m bis b¿n«rum terrible terribil·is |is |e tennis match cert§m·en |inis n tenil»di¿ terrific ex¿mi·us |a |um; terrific! euge! tennis net r¡t·e |is n tenisiae terrify terrific§re, terr·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus tennis player tenil»di·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) terror terr·or |«ris m tennis racket r¡ticul·um |¿ n test prob§ti·« |«nis f; flunk a test cad·« (manubri§tum) |ere cecid¿ in prob§ti«ne; pass a test prob§ti«nem sustin·e« |¡re |u¿ tenor cant·or |«ris m v«cis mediae testicle testicul·us |¿ m tense adj intent·us |a |um; (mentally) §nxi·us |a |um testy ¿r§cund·us |a |um tense s (gram) temp·us |oris n text (comput) text·us |»s m General Vocabulary 393 textbook li·ber |br¿ m schol§ris, ars, tunc maxim¡; then and there ¿lic«, artis f ibi continu« than (in comparisons) quam therapist therapeut·a |ae m (·ria |riae f) thank gr§ti§s agere (+ dat); no, thank therapy therap¿·a |ae f; therapy you benign¡; no, thank you just the treatment c»r§ti·« |«nis f same tam gr§tia est; thank heaven! therapeutica sit d¿s gr§tia!; thank you (familiar form) (for a future favor) am§b« t¡; there (position) ibi; (direction) ill»c (for a favor done) am« t¡; thank you therefore erg«, igitur for tibi gr§ti§s agere quod (+ indic); thermometer thermometr·um |¿ n thank you for helping me gr§ti§s tibi ag« quod m¡ i»vist¿ thick d¡ns·us |a |um thankful: I am thankful to you gr§tiam thief f»r, f»ris mf tibi habe«; you ought to be thankful thigh fem·ur |oris n to me gr§tiam habe§s mihi thimble digit§l·e |¿s n thanks gr§ti§s!; thanks, but no, thanks sed gr§tia est; thanks a lot! mult§s think put§re, c¡ns·e« |¡re |u¿, aestim§re; gr§ti§s!; no, thanks benign¡; thanks I don’t think so ego n«n put«; I a lot for t¡ multum am« quod (+ think so id op¿nor; think s.th. over indic); thanks a million! sescent§s aliquid s¡cum reput§re; think up gr§ti§s!; thanks for your gifts excogit§re; that is exactly what I gr§ti§s tibi d¡ d«n¿s tu¿s; thanks to think ita pr«rsus existim«; what do me (you, etc.) me§ (tu§, etc.) oper§ you think? quid c¡ns¡s? Thanksgiving Day di·¡s |¡¿ m thirty tr¿gint§ Gr§tul§ti«nis; Happy Thanksgiving! F¡l¿cem Diem Gr§tul§ti«nis (opt«)! this hic haec hoc that ill·e |a |ud; (sometimes pej) ist·e |a thought: on second thought cum ego |ud; is that so? itane est?; that’ll do recogit« sat est; that’s it! (enough!) tantum thread f¿l·um |¿ n; (comput) ser·i¡s |¡¿ f est!; that’s right (in response to a epistul§rum ¡lectronic§rum; hang by question) s¿c est; that’s so ita est a thread (fig) f¿l« pend·e« |¡re thaw tr dissolv·« |ere |¿ ¶ intr tab¡sc·« pepend¿ |ere tabu¿ thrifty fr»g§l·is |is |e, fr»g¿ [indecl] theater the§tr·um |¿ n; theater of war throat fauc·¡s |ium fpl bell¿ s¡d·¡s |is f throw conic·i« |ere coni¡c¿ coniectus; theft f»rt·um |¿ n throw out of the game § camp« theme (topic) m§teri·a |ae f, releg§re; throw the book at s.o. (fig) arg»ment·um |¿ n; (essay) tract§t·us summ« i»re cum aliqu« agere |»s m; write a theme tract§tum throw-in (soccer) iniect·us |»s m c«nscr¿bere (later§lis) then (and so) itaque; (at that time) tum; (in that case) igitur; (next) deinde, thrush turd·us |¿ m (see bird) deinceps; (therefore) erg«; just then thumb poll·ex |icis m 394 Conversational Latin thumb tack cuspidiol·a |ae f pollice tile l§min·a |ae f f¿ctilis ¿nf¿xa till prep »sque ad (+ acc), in (+ acc); till thunder impers v tonat ton§re tonuit late at night ad multam noctem; till thunder s tonitr·us |»s m late in the day ad multum diem; till the month of July in m¡nsem I»lium thunderbolt fulm·en |inis n till tr (the soil) col·« |ere |u¿ cultus Thursday di·¡s |¡¿ m Iovis time temp·us |oris n; (leisure) «ti·um |¿ Tiber Tiber·is |is (acc: Tiberim) m n; (age, period) aet·§s |§tis f; (of ticket tesser·a |ae f (itiner§ria); first- day) h«r·a |ae f; ahead of time ante class (second-class) ticket tessera tempus; a long time already (+ pr¿mae (secundae) classis; one-way present temse) iam d»dum, e.g., I’ve ticket tessera »n¿us curs»s; return been here a long time already iam ticket tessera redit»s; round-trip d»dum adsum; around the time of ticket tessera it»s redit»sque sub tempus (+ gen); ask the time ticket agent tesser§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) quaerere h«r§s; ask what time it is h«r§s inqu¿rere; at about the same ticket window «stiol·um |¿ n time sub idem tempus; at another tesser§rium time ali§s; at one time … at tide aest·us |»s m; high tide aest»s another ali§s … ali§s; at that time access·us |»s m; low tide aest»s ad id temporis, tum; at the right recess·us |»s m time tempest¿v¡; at the time when tidy adj mund·us |a |um qu§ tempest§te; at the wrong time intempest¿v¡; at times interdum; a tidy up «rdin§re very short time ago modo; before tie (necktie) f«c§l·e |is n time (prematurely) ante tempus; for tie adj (in a game) be tie par¡s esse a long time iam di»; for a short time brev¿ tempore; for some time tie tr lig§re, allig§re; (in a knot) nod§re; aliquamdi»; for the first time be tied down (e.g., with business) pr¿mum; for the last time extr¡mum; imped·ior |¿r¿ |¿tus sum; my money for the time being in tempus, pr« is tied up argentum occup§tum est; tempore; from that time on ex e«; tie back revinc·i« |¿re rev¿nx¿, from time to time subinde; he’s rev¿nctus; tie up (in work, etc.) having a good time by himself e¿ imped·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus bene est s«l¿; I always have time for tie-up (on the highway) affluenti·a |ae f semper vac« (+ dat); I haven’t the vehicul§ria time haud mihi «tium est; I’m tiger tigr·is |is or |idis m; tigers growl having a good (lousy) time mihi tigr¡s fremunt bene (male) est; in my spare time cum tempus subsic¿vum mihi est; in tight (knot, clothes) str¿ct·us |a |um; Roman times aet§te R«m§n§; I have (shoe) restr¿ct·us |a |um; (stingy) sordid·us |a |um no time tempus n«n est mihi; in a short time in brev¿ spati«; in good tight-fisted adstr¿ct·us |a |um time, in plenty of time m§t»r¡; in tight spot: be in a tight spot in (the course of) time tempore, angusti¿s esse pr«c¡dente tempore; it is high time General Vocabulary 395

for you to tempus maxim¡ est ut t» toaster tostr·um |¿ n (+ subj); make up for lost time toboggan scl«di·a |ae f cess§ta tempora corrig·« |ere corr¡x¿; not to have the time to «tium n«n toboggan run d¡curs·us |»s m scl«diae hab¡re (w. dat ger); once upon a today hodi¡; before today ante hunc time «lim; one time (once) semel; on diem; starting today ex h«c di¡ time temper¿; postpone to another toe digit·us |¿ m pedis; big toe poll·ex time differre in aliud tempus; see what time it is h«r§s ¿nspicere; |icis m spend time tempus s»mere (or agere toenail ungu·is |is m pedis or agit§re); some time ago d»dum, toga tog·a |ae f; (bright-white toga, pr¿dem; there is no time to study worn by candidates) toga candida; n«n vacat stud¡re; there is no time (worn by men and boys after the age to waste mat»r§t« opus est; there of about fifteen) toga vir¿lis or p»ra; was a time when (tempus) fuit cum; (toga with purple border, worn by waste time tempus per·d« |dere curule magistrates, by boys up to the |did¿; what time is it? quota h«ra age of manhood, and by girls until est? or quot h«rae sunt? while away marriage) toga praetexta; (toga the time tempus fall·« |ere fefell¿ embroidered with silver stars) toga times (use numeral adverbs) e.g., ten p¿cta; (toga of smooth cloth) toga times deci¡s; no more than three r§sa; receive the toga of manhood times ter nec amplius togam vir¿lem s»m·« |ere |ps¿ |tus timetable h«r§ri·um |¿ n toilet l§tr¿n·a |ae f; (public) foric·a |ae f; tin plumb·um |¿ n album, stann·um |¿ n flush the toilet l§tr¿nam pr«lu« tip ap·ex |icis m; (money) stip·s |is f; it pr«luere pr«lu¿; I must go to the was on the tip of the tongue erat in toilet mihi eundum est in l§tr¿nam; labr¿s pr¿m«ribus may I go to the toilet? licetne ¿re in l§tr¿nam?; sit on the toilet (hopper) tipsy ¡briol·us |a |um in sell§ famili§ric§ sed¡re tire cummeus canth·us |¿ m; put air in toilet bowl l§bell·um |¿ n intimum the tire cummeum canthum ¿nfl§re toilet paper chartul·a |ae f hygi¡nica tired fess·us |a |um toilet seat sell·a |ae f famili§rica tireless assidu·us |a |um toll (highway fee) vect¿g·al |§lis n rot§re tissue m»cinni·um |¿ n chartaceum toll booth tabern·a |ae f vect¿g§lis title (of a book) ¿nscr¿pti·« |«nis f; (of a rot§ris; rot§ri·um |¿ n person) appell§ti·« |«nis f toll call t¡leph«n¡m·a |atis n toad b»f·« |«nis m longinquum toast s p§n·is |is m tostus; (in drinking) toll road vi·a |ae f vect¿g§lis rot§ris prop¿n§ti·« |«nis f; drink a toast to prop¿n§re (+ dat); here’s to you! (as tomato lycopersic·um |¿ n a toast) bene t¡! (pl: bene v«s)! tomorrow cr§s, di·¡s |¡¿ m cr§stinus; toast tr (bread) torr·e« |¡re |u¿ tostus; day after tomorrow perendi¡; (drink to) propin§re (+ dat) tomorrow morning cr§s m§ne; 396 Conversational Latin

tomorrow night cr§s nocte; until touch tr tang·« |ere tetig¿ t§ctus; (to stir) tomorrow in cr§stinum mov·e« |¡re m«v¿ m«tus; touch tongue lingu·a |ae f deeply commov¡re tonight h§c nocte touch (sense) t§ct·us |»s m; put the final touches to ultimam (or tonsils tonsill·ae |§rum fpl summam) manum imp«n·« |ere too (excessively) nimis; (also) quoque imposu¿ impositus (+ dat) (comes after the word it emphasizes); touch-and-go anceps, ancipitis too bad about male (mehercule) d¡ touchdown: make a touchdown calcem (+ abl); too bad about Marcus! (or cr¡tam) atting·« |ere attig¿ male d¡ M§rc«! att§ctus tool ¿nstr»ment·um |¿ n; tools (comput) touchy (irritable) stomach«s·us |a |um; ¿nstr»ment·a |«rum npl (matter) l»bric·us |a |um toolbar ¿nstr»ment«rum tabell·a |ae f tough d»r·us |a |um tooth d¡ns, dentis m; tooth and nail toupee galericul·um |¿ n; wear a toupee (fig) t«t« corpore et omnibus ungul¿s gelericul« »tor, »t¿ »sus sum toothache dol·or |«ris m dentium tour s (in a foreign country) toothbrush p¡nicul·us |¿ m dent§rius peregr¿n§ti·« |«nis f; (e.g., of a factory) iter, itineris n; complete a toothpaste past·a |ae f dent§ria three-year tour of duty triennium toothpick dentiscalpi·um |¿ n m¿litiae expl·e« |¡re |¡v¿ |¡tus; tour top adj summ·us |a |um of duty m¿liti·a |ae f top tr super§re; to top it off in summ« tour bus coenautoc¿n¡t·um |¿ n perig¡ticum top s ap·ex |icis m; (of house) fast¿gi·um |¿ n; (of tree) cac»m·en tour guide mystag«g·us |¿ m, dux, ducis |inis n; at the top of one’s voice mf itiner§ri·us (-a) summ§ v«ce; at the top of the page tourist peregr¿n§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x ab summ§ p§gin§; on (the) top |tr¿cis f) supr§; on top of that qu¿n et, tourist class class·is |is f t»ristica ¿nsuper; top of the mountain tow truck carr·us |¿ m remulcand¿ summus m«n·s |tis m towel gausap¿n·um |¿ n; bath towel topaz top§zi·us |a |um gausap¿num balne§rium; hand towel topcoat superind»ment·um |¿ n manutergi·um |¿ n topic m§teri·a |ae f, r¡s, re¿ f tower turr·is |is f topography loc«rum d¡scr¿pti·« |«nis f town oppid·um |¿ n; (in Italy, subject to topsy-turvy: everything was topsy- Rome, but self-governed) turvy omnia erant s»rsum deorsum; m»nicipi·um |¿ n; small town turn everything topsy-turvy omnia oppidul·um |¿ n s»rsum deorsum vers§re town hall c»ri·a |ae f m»nicip§lis tornado turb·« |inis m toy l»dibri·um |¿ n General Vocabulary 397 trace s vestigi·um |¿ n translate tr (con)vert·« |ere |¿ trace tr ind§g§re; (outline) d¡l¿ne§re; (con)versus, tr§nsfer« tr§nsferre trace back repet·« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus tr§nstul¿ tr§nsl§tus; translate from Latin to English ex Lat¿n« in track ind§g§re; track down s.th. aliquid Anglicum (con)vertere ind§g§re translation s tr§nsl§t·a |«rum npl; (act track vestigi·um |¿ n; (wheel-track, rut) of translating) tr§nsl§ti·« |«nis f orbit·a |ae f; (path) semit·a |ae f; (the sport) curs»r·a |ae f; (course laid out transparency p§gin·a |ae f pell»cida for runners) curricul·um |¿ n (see transportation vect»r·a |ae f Chapter V), (of a railroad) orbit·a travel iter facere; travel by car (train, |ae f ferrivi§ria plane, ship) autoc¿n¡t« (tr§mine, tractor tractr·um |¿ n §ëroplan«, n§v¿) vehor veh¿ vectus trade merc§t»r·a |ae f; (profession) sum artifici·um |¿ n travel agency s¡d·¡s |is f peri¡g¡tica trade union syndic§t·us |»s m travel agent itinerum pr«c»r§·tor |t«ris traffic comme§t·us |»s m vehicul«rum; m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) heavy traffic celebrit·§s |§tis f viae traveler vi§t·or |«ris m, vi§tr·¿x |¿cis f; (or vi§rum); frequenti·a |ae f (abroad) peregr¿n§t·or |«ris m, vehicul«rum peregr¿n§tr·¿x |¿cis f traffic cop vigil |is mf vi§t«ri·us (-a) tray fercul·um |¿ n traffic jam affluenti·a |ae f vehicul§ria treason pr«diti·« |«nis f traffic light s¡maphor·um |¿ n (red treat (person, subject) tract§re; rubrum; yellow fl§vum; green viride) (medically) c»r§re trailer home habit§cul·um, |¿ n treatment tract§ti·« |«nis f; (for) remulc§tum c»r§ti·« |«nis f (+ gen of illness) train s tr§m·en |inis n (ferrivi§rium); a treaty foed·us |eris n; according to the through train tr§men d¿r¡ctum terms of the treaty ex pact«, ex train tr (for physical proficiency) foedere; break a treaty foedus exercit§re ¶ intr s¡ exercit§re frang·« |ere fr¡g¿ fractus; conclude a trainer (of athletes) exercit·or |«ris m, treaty with foedus ¿c« ¿cere ¿c¿ ictus exercitr·¿x |¿cis f or fer·i« |¿re cum (+ abl); violate a treaty foedus viol§re train schedule h«r§ri·um |¿ n tr§minum tree arb·or |oris f train station stati·« |«nis f ferrivi§ria treetop cac»m·en |inis n train ticket tesser·a |ae f ferrivi§ria tremble trem·« |ere |u¿; tremble all tramp larifug·a |ae m over contrem·« |ere |u¿ trampoline d¡sult«ri·um |¿ n trend incl¿n§ti·« |«nis f transfer to (another train, etc.) trial quaesti·« |«nis f, i»dici·um |¿ n; be tr§nscend·« |ere |¿ in (+ acc) on trial for i»dicium d¡ (+ abl) transitive tr§nsit¿v·us |a |um sub·e« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿; be on trial for 398 Conversational Latin

one’s life i»dicium d¡ capite sub¿re; more trouble amplius neg«t¿; what’s conduct a trial quaesti«nem the trouble? quid illuc mal¿ est? or exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ |itus; go on trial in quid est neg«t¿? i»s e« ¿re i¿ or ¿v¿ troubled exercit§t·us |a |um trial lawyer causidic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) trousers br§c·ae |§rum fpl tribune of the people trib»n·us |¿ m trout truct·us |¿ m, truct·a |ae f pl¡bis trowel trull·a |ae f tribunician power trib»nicia potest·§s |§tis f truce ind»ti·ae |§rum fpl; a six-years’ truce ind»tiae ann«rum sex; break a tributary fluvi·us |¿ m; the Allia is a truce ind»ti§s viol§re; make a truce tributary of the Tiber Allia Tiberim ind»ti§s facere ¿nfluit truck autoc¿n¡t·um |¿ n oner§rium, trick dol·us |¿ m; be up to some tricks autocarr·um |¿ n lasc¿v·us |a |um esse; is this a trick? num hoc est capti«?; play tricks on truck driver, trucker autoc¿n¡t¿ oner§ri¿ l»d«s facere (+ dat) gubern§t·or |«ris m tricky dol«s·us |a |um true v¡r·us |a |um; that’s true r¡s ita est or ita profect« est tricycle trirot·a |ae f trip iter, itineris n; take a trip iter trumpet (musical instrument) tub·a |ae facere f; (of an elephant) barr¿t·us |»s m tripod trip·¡s |edis m ph«tographicus trumpet intr (of an elephant) barr·i« |¿re trolley curr·us |»s m ¡lectricus trunk (of a tree) trunc·us |¿ m; (of a car) recept§cul·um |¿ n sarcin§rum; trombone tub·a |ae f ductilis (for clothes) cist·a |ae f; (of an trouble sollicit§re; I don’t want to elephant) man·us |»s f trouble you n«l« tibi molestus (-a) trust s fid·¡s |e¿ f, bona fid·¡s |e¿ f; put esse one’s trust in (c«n)f¿dere (+ dat) trouble s (annoyance) molesti·a |ae f, trust tr f¿d·« |ere f¿sus sum (semi- mal·um |¿ n; (when the idea of deponent) (+ dat or abl) difficulty predominates) lab·or |«ris m; (effort, pains) oper·a |ae f; be in trusting c«nf¿d·¡ns |entis trouble lab«r§re; cause s.o. big trustworthiness f¿d»ci·a |ae f trouble molestiam gravem alicui trustworthy locupl·¡s |¡tis adhib·e« |¡re |u¿ or exhibe«; have stomach trouble stomach« lab«r§re; trusty f¿d·us |a |um, firm·us |a |um get s.o. into trouble aliquem in truth v¡r·um |¿ n; to tell the truth ut aerumnam obser·« |ere obs¡v¿; if it is v¡ra (or v¡rum) d¿cam (or loquar) no trouble s¿ grave n«n erit; I’m expecting some big trouble nesci« truthful v¡ridic·us |a |um quod magnum malum exspect«; it’s try tempt§re, con·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; try not worth the trouble n«n est a case (of) causam cogn«sc·« |ere pretium operae; make big trouble cogn«v¿ cognitus (d¡ + abl); try on for s.o. dare magnum malum alicui; (clothes) induend« prob§re; try one’s General Vocabulary 399

best to (not to) operam d« dare ded¿ turtle test»d·« |inis f ut (n¡) (+ subj); try one’s patience tutor s domesticus praecept·or |«ris m, patienti§ ab»t·or |¿ ab»sus sum domestica praeceptr·¿x |¿cis f trying (tough) exercit§t·us |a |um; tutor tr pr¿v§tim ¿nstitu·« |ere |¿ |tus (annoying) molest·us |a |um TV (see television) tuberculosis phithis·is |is f TV room concl§v·e |is n t¡lev¿s«ri« tuck up succing·« |ere succ¿nx¿ ¿nstructum succ¿nctus tweezers volsell·a |ae f Tuesday di·¡s |¡¿ m M§rtis twilight crepuscul·um |¿ n tuna thunn·us |¿ m two duo, duae, duo; two each b¿n·¿ tunnel (for trains, cars) spec·us |»s m |ae |a (ferrivi§rius, autoc¿n¡ticus) two-faced dupl·ex |icis, bilingu·is |is |e turkey gallop§v·« |«nis m; talk turkey with Lat¿n¡ loqu·or |¿ loc»tus sum two-time fraud§re cum (+ abl) two-timer ¿nfid¡l·is |is mf turn s (in the road) flex·us |»s m viae; a type s gen·us |eris n; (print) typ·us |¿ m; good turn benefici·um |¿ n; in turn that type of person ist¿us generis invicem; it’s your turn now nunc t¡ hom« «rd« vocat; out of turn extr§ type tr dactylograph§re «rdinem; take a turn for the worse in d¡terius incl¿n§r¿; take turns typesetter typothet·a |ae m driving invicem (or per vic¡s, in typewriter dactylographi·um |¿ n vic¡s) gubern§re typewriter key malleol·us |¿ m; press a turn tr (con)vert·« |ere |¿; turn down key malleolum d¡prim·« |ere (reject) repudi§re; turn in weapons d¡press¿ (or puls§re) arma tr§d·« |ere tr§did¿ tr§ditus; turn typing dactylographica ar·s |tis f off (a light, computer) exstingu·« |ere exst¿nx¿ exst¿nctus; turn on (a typist dactylograph·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) light) accend·« |ere |¿; (a computer) excit§re; turn upside down subvertere ¶ intr vert·or |¿ versus U sum; turn around convert¿; turn udder »b·er |eris n into m»t§r¿ in (+ acc); turn out fine ugh! vah!; heu! bell¡ cad« |ere cecid¿ c§s»rus; something will turn up, I hope fiet ugliness d¡formit·§s |§tis f aliquid, sp¡r« ugly d¡form·is |is |e, turp·is |is |e turn-off d¡verticul·um |¿ n uh-oh! (when taken by surprise) attat!; turnpike autoc¿n¡tica vi·a |ae f attatae! quadripert¿ta umbrella umbell·a |ae f turn signal ind·ex |icis m d¿r¡cti«nis umpire arbit·er |r¿ m (·ra |rae f) turquoise turcic·us |a |um unanimous »nanim·is |is |e 400 Conversational Latin unanimously »n§ v«ce, omnibus United States (of America) Ûn¿t¿ Stat»s sententi¿s (Americae) (gen: Ûn¿t«rum Statuum) unattractive invenust·us |a |um mpl; C¿v¿t§t·¡s |um fpl Foeder§tae Americae uncle (father’s brother) patru·us |¿ m; universe »nivers·um |¿ n, »niversit·§s (mother’s brother) avuncul·us |¿ m |§tis f uncontrolled effr¡n§t·us |a |um university (studi«rum) »niversit·§s uncouth horrid·us |a |um |§tis f underbrush d»m¡t·a |«rum npl unpleasant ini»cund·us |a |um underpants br§c·ae |§rum fpl interi«r¡s unprovoked ultr« underpass viaeduct·us |»s m unrestrained effr¡n§t·us |a |um, undershirt (worn by both sexes) eff»s·us |a |um sub»cul·a |ae f unstable ¿nstabil·is |is |e understand intelleg·« |ere intell¡x¿ unsteady (tottering) cad»c·us |a |um intell¡ctus; do you understand now? unsubscribe (comput) cess§re iam ten¡s?; I don’t quite understand n«n satis intelleg«; until conj d«nec “ego” is understood if I should say, until prep »sque ad (+ acc) “sum philosophus” subaud¿tur “ego” untrustworthy ¿nf¿d·us |a |um s¿ d¿cam “sum philosophus” up s»rsum; up in the air (in undertaker poll¿nct·or |«ris m (·r¿x uncertainty) in medi« relict·us |a |r¿cis f) |um; be up in the air (to be underwear sub»cul·a |ae f undecided) pende« pend¡re pepend¿; undress exu« exuere exu¿ ex»tus; get up till now anteh§c undressed s¡ exuere, vestimenta upbringing ¡duc§ti·« |«nis f exuere uphill adj accl¿v·is |is |e; have an uneducated in¡rud¿t·us |a |um, uphill struggle cl¿v« lab«r§re indoct·us |a |um uphill adv adversus cl¿vum, in collem unfair in¿qu·us |a |um upholstery t«ment·um |¿ n unfairly in¿qu¡ uproar tumult·us |»s m; be in an unfaithful ¿nfid¡l·is |is |e uproar tumultu§r¿ unfriendly inim¿c·us |a |um ups and downs: he has his ups and downs e¿ modo bene, modo male est; ungrateful ingr§t·us |a |um there are ups and downs est modo unhappiness ¿nf¡l¿cit·§s |§tis f s¿c, modo s¿c unhappy ¿nf¡l·¿x |¿cis [single-ending upset adj comm«t·us |a |um; don’t be adj] upset n«l¿ (pl: n«l¿te) perturb§r¿ uniform «rn§t·us |»s m; in uniform upset s (at the polls) off¡nsi·« |«nis f; sub«rn§t·us |a |um; military suffer an upset off¡nsi«nem fer« uniform «rn§t·us |»s m m¿lit§ris ferre tul¿ l§tus General Vocabulary 401 upset tr commov·e« |¡re comm«v¿ agere; summer vacation f¡riae comm«tus, perturb§re aest¿vae, vac§ti« aest¿va upsetting: that was more upsetting to vaccinate vacc¿n§re me than to you illud mihi m§i«r¿ vaccination vacc¿n§ti·« |«nis f stomach« erat quam tibi vaccine vacc¿n·um |¿ n upside down: everything was upside down omnia erant s»rsum deorsum; vacuum cleaner pulveris haur¿t«ri·um turn upside down s»rsum deorsum |¿ n vers§re valley vall·¡s (or vall·is) |is f upstairs (direction) s»rsum; (position) valuable preti«s·us |a |um; be valuable in superi«re tabul§t«; go upstairs pretium hab¡re sc§l¿s (or per sc§l§s) ascend·« |ere |¿; vampire sanguis»g·a |ae m the upstairs dom·us |»s f superior various vari·us |a |um upstairs bedroom cubicul·um |¿ n superius vary vari§re urge s anim¿ impet·us |»s m VCR magn¡toscopi·um |¿ n urge tr urg·e« |¡re urs¿ veal vitul¿n·a |ae f URL Ûnivers§le R¡rum Loc§tr·um |¿ n, vegetable hol·us |eris n [also collective ¿nscr¿pti·« |«nis f interr¡ti§lis for vegetables] use s it’s no use ¿licet; make the best vegetable garden hort·us |¿ m holit«rius use of optim¡ »tor »t¿ »sus sum (+ vegetarian holer§rius |a |um abl); what’s the use? quid opus est? Veii V¡i·¿ |«rum mpl use tr »tor »t¿ »sus sum (+ abl); (e.g. a word in a sentence) p«n« p«nere veil v¡l·um |¿ n posu¿ positus; use “leg«” in a vein v¡n·a |ae f; in a similar vein ad sentence p«ne “leg«” in sententi§. similem sententiam usual adj solit·us |a |um; you were Venetian blinds tr§nsenn·a |ae f wrong as usual err§b§s ut sol¡b§s vol»bilis; open (close, let down, (or ex c«nsuet»dine tu§) raise aper¿re, claudere, d¡mittere, usually pl¡rumque subvolvere) utter adj t«t·us |a |um venison v¡n§ti·« |«nis f utter tr ¡mitt·« |ere ¡m¿s¿ ¡missus, verb s verb·um |¿ n pr«fer« pr«ferre pr«tul¿ pr«l§tus; she verbal verb§l·is |is |e never uttered a word nullum verdict sententi·a |ae f; give a guilty verbum ¡m¿sit. verdict condemn§t«riam sententiam fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; give a verdict of V acquittal absol»t«riam sententiam ferre vacation vac§ti·« |«nis f, f¡ri·ae |§rum fpl; at the end of vacation f¡ri¿s vertebra vertebr·a |ae f per§ct¿s; be on vacation f¡ri§t·us |a very admodum, vald¡; very good |um esse; spend the vacation f¡ri§s optim·us |a |um; very good! 402 Conversational Latin

optim¡!; very well! (in agreement) violin f¿dicul·a |ae f, viol¿n·a |ae f; play fiat! the violin viol¿n§ can« canere cecin¿ vestibule v¡stibul·um |¿ n violinist viol¿nist·a |ae m (·ria |riae f) veteran veter§n·us |¿ m (·a |ae f), virtual v¡r·us |a |um ¡merit·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) virtually propemodum veterinarian veterin§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) visit v¿s·« |ere |¿ |us, v¿sit§re; go to veto s intercessi·« |«nis f; interpose a visit, pay a visit to v¿sere veto interc¡d·« |ere intercess¿ visitor hosp·es |itis mf veto tr interc¡d·« |ere intercess¿ (+ dat) vitamin vitam¿n·um |¿ n vice viti·um |¿ n, pr§vit·§s |§tis f; (tool) vocabulary voc§bul·a |«rum npl, c«pi·a retin§cul·um |¿ n |ae f verb«rum vice principal see principal vocative s voc§t¿vus |¿ m, c§s·us |»s m voc§t¿vus victorious vict·or |«ris m, victr·¿x |¿cis f; be victorious vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ voice s v«x, v«cis f; (of a verb) gen·us |eris n; what voice is “aud¿mur”? victory vict«ri·a |ae f; gain (or win) a passive c»ius generis est “aud¿mur”? victory vict«riam adip¿sc·or |¿ pass¿v¿ [NOTE—“genus,” in adeptus sum; gain (or win) a victory connection with nouns and adjectives over the enemy vict«riam report§re means “gender,” and in connection ab hoste with verbs means “voice”] video cassette cas¡t·a |ae f volleyball foll·is |is m vol§tilis; (game) magn¡toscopica; listen to (play) a l»s·us |»s m follis vol§tilis; play video cassette aud·i« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ volleyball folle vol§til¿ l»dere (see |¿tus (¡volv·« |ere |¿) cas¡tam Chapter V) magn¡toscopiam volt v«lti·um |¿ n video cassette recorder (VCR) volunteer intr (mil) sponte n«men dare; magn¡toscopi·um |¿ n volunteer to do s.th. aliquid ultr« video game l»s·us |»s m facere magn¡toscopicus; play video games volunteer s volunt§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f); l»s»s magn¡tocopic«s l»dere (mil) m¿l·¡s |itis mf volunt§ri·us (|a) videotape taeniol·a |ae f vomit vom·« |ere |u¿ vomitum magn¡toscopica vote intr suffr§gium fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; vigorous alac·er |ris |re (of a senator) c¡ns·e« |¡re |u¿; vote villa v¿ll·a |ae f for suffr§g§r¿ (+ dat); vote for s.o.’s motion (of an individual senator) in village v¿c·us |¿ m alic»ius sententiam e« ¿re i¿ or ¿v¿ vinegar ac¡t·um |¿ n vote s suffr§gi·um |¿ n; a vote was vinegar bottle ac¡t§bul·um |¿ n taken on his motion (in the senate by moving to one side of the violence violenti·a |ae f chamber) discessi« facta est in eius violent violent·us |a |um sententiam; call for a vote (in the General Vocabulary 403

senate) discessi«nem facere; cast a wallet p¡r·a |ae f vote suffr§gium fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus; wallop (coll) percolop§re; get walloped give s.o. a vote of confidence alicui vapul§re calculum album fer« ferre tul¿ l§tus wallow vol»t·or |§r¿ |§tus sum voter suffr§g§·tor |t«ris m (·tr¿x |tr¿cis f) walnut i»gl·§ns |andis f voting booth saept·um |¿ n waltz intr salt§re in gyrum vowel voc§l·is |is f waltz s salt§ti·« |«nis f in gyrum vulture vult·ur |uris m (see bird) want cup·i« |ere cup¿v¿ cup¿tus; vol« velle volu¿; now what do you want? W quid nunc tibi v¿s? waffle v§fl·um |¿ n war (against or with) bell·um |¿ n wages merc·¡s |¡dis f; receive (fair, (contr§ or adversus (+ acc) or cum (+ good, low, poor, unfair) wages abl); be involved in a war bell« (aequam, magnam, parvam, in¿quam) implic§r¿; bring a war to a merc¡dem accipere; pay wages successful conclusion bellum merc¡dem tribu·« |ere |¿ c«nfic·i« |ere c«nf¡c¿ c«nfectus; carry on war with bellum ger·« |ere wagon carr·us |¿ m; (for agricultural gess¿ gestus cum (+ abl); cause a purposes) plaustr·um |¿ n war bellum mov·e« |¡re m«v¿ m«tus; wait exspect§re; wait a minute, please! civil war bellum c¿v¿le or man¡; man¡ dum, quaes«!; wait for domesticum; conduct a war (of a exspect§re (+ acc); wait on general) bellum administr§re; ministr§re (+ dat); wait on tables declare war on bellum ind¿c·« |ere ministr§re ind¿x¿ indictus (+ dat); drag out a war bellum trah·« |ere trax¿ tractus; waiter minist·er |r¿ m end a war bellum perfic·i« |ere waiting room oec·us |¿ m perf¡c¿ perfectus; fight a war with praest«l§t«rius bellum ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus cum (+ waitress ministr·a |ae f abl); fight a war of aggression with bellum or arma ultr« ¿nfer« ¿nferre wake up tr (¡ somn«) excit§re ¶ intr intul¿ ill§tus (+ dat); foreign war experg¿sc·or |¿ experrectus sum; bellum externum; go off to war ¡vigil§re profic¿sc·or |¿ profectus sum ad walk intr ambul§re; walk up and down bellum; go to war with bellum ¿nfer« d¡ambul§re ¿nferre intul¿ ill§tus (+ dat); guerilla walk s (act) d¡ambul§ti·« |«nis f; war bellum clandest¿num; in war (place) ambul§cr·um |¿ n; go for a bell«, bell¿ tempore; in war and in walk d¡ambul§re, d¡ambul§tum e« peace p§ce bell«que; offensive war ¿re ¿v¿ (of war yet to be begun) bellum ultr« ¿nferendum; (of war already begun) wall m»r·us |¿ m; (inner or outer wall of bellum ultr« ill§tum; prepare for a house) pari¡s, parietis m; walls (of war bellum (com)par§re; start a war a town) moen·ia |ium npl with bellum in·e« |¿re |¿v¿ or |i¿ cum wall clock h«rologi·um |¿ n pariet§rium (+ abl); stir up a war bellum 404 Conversational Latin

incit§re; take part in a war bellum time and effort lab«rem ac tempora capess·« |ere; terminate a war by perdere diplomacy bellum comp«n·« |ere waste basket scirpicul·us |¿ m chart§rius composu¿ compositus; wage war with bellum ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus watch s h«rologi·um |¿ n cum (+ abl); war against pirates watch tr (guard) cust«d·i« |¿re |¿v¿ |¿tus; bellum p¿r§ticum; war against slaves (observe) spect§re, observ§re; hey bellum serv¿le; war is imminent you, watch out! heus t», cav¡! bellum imminet or impendet or water s aqu·a |ae f ¿nstat; war of extermination bellum internec¿num; war breaks out water pipe fistul·a |ae f aqu§ria bellum ex§rd¡scit water-ski intr per summ§s und§s nart§re wardrobe (place to keep clothes) water-ski s nart·a |ae f aquatica (see vesti§ri·um |¿ n; (clothes) Chapter V) vestiment·a |«rum npl water tr (flowers, etc.) adaqu§re warehouse apoth¡c·a |ae f waterfall cataract·a |ae f wares merc·¡s |ium fpl watering can nassitern·a |ae f warfare bell·um |¿ n, m¿liti·a |ae f watermelon m¡lopep·« |«nis m warm adj (quite warm) calid·us |a |um; watt vatti·um |¿ n (lukewarm) tepid·us |a |um; (fig) wave a flag vexillum quass§re fervid·us |a |um; it is getting warm tep¡scit wax c¡r·a |ae f warm tr calefacere, tepefacere wax tr incer§re warm-hearted am·§ns |antis wax paper chart·a |ae f c¡r§ta way (road) vi·a |ae f; (route) iter, warmly dressed spiss¿s vestibus itineris n; (manner) mod·us |¿ m; all invol»t·us |a |um the way from »sque ab (+ abl); all warm-up exercit§ti·« |«nis f the way to »sque ad (+ acc); be a warship n§v·is |is f bellica long way off long¡ dist§re; be in the way obvi·us |a |um esse; (to hinder) wash s lavand§ri·a |«rum npl ob·st« |st§re |stet¿; be on the way to wash tr lav·« |§re l§v¿ lautus ¶ intr iter hab¡re ad (+ acc); by the way lav§r¿, s¡ lav§re obiter; by way of vi§ (+ gen); get washcloth drapp·us |¿ m lav§t«rius out of the way! Apage!; have it your way! est« ut lubet!; have one’s washer, washmachine m§chin·a |ae f own way r¡s pr« arbitri« ger·« |ere lav§t«ria gess¿; he must always have his own wasp vesp·a |ae f way semper faciendum est quod vult; if it’s not too much out of the way waste s (of time, money) iact»r·a |ae f for you s¿ tibi n«n s§n¡ d¡vium erit; waste tr (time, effort) perd·« |ere perdid¿ I’m in a bad way mihi male est; in perditus; I’m wasting my time the same way e«dem mod«; is that frustr§ tempus conter«; waste one’s the way you help me? ist«cine pact« breath (fig) operam perdere; waste m¡ adiuv§s?; no way! null« mod«; General Vocabulary 405

on one’s way inter vi§s; what is the n; wedding reception conv¿vi·um |¿ quickest (best) way to … ? quae est n n»pti§le via brevissima (optima) ad (+ acc)? wedding s n»pti·ae |§rum fpl weak ¿nfirm·us |a |um, imb¡cill·us |a Wednesday di·¡s |¡¿ m Mercuri¿ |um, invalid·us |a |um; weak constitution tenuis valet»d·« |inis f; week hebdom·as, hebdomadis f, septim§n·a |ae f weak voice ex¿lis v«x, v«cis f weekday di·¡s |¡¿ m pr«f¡stus wealth d¿viti·ae |§rum fpl weekend f¿n·is |is m hebdomadis; on wealthy d¿v·es |itis the weekend exeunte hebdomade weapons (offensive) t¡l·a |«rum npl; weekly adv (every week) singul¿s (defensive) arm·a |«rum npl hebdomadibus wear ger·« |ere gess¿ gestus, gest§re; weekly hebdomad§l·is |s |e; weekly (wear regularly) »tor »t¿ »sus sum (+ newspaper di§ri·um |¿ n abl); wearing a belt z«n§ inc¿nct·us hebdomad§le; weekly wages mer·c¡s |a |um; wear out (clothes, a person) |c¡dis f per singul§s hebdomad¡s conter·« |ere contr¿v¿ contr¿tus sol»ta weasel must¡l·a |ae f weight lifting subl§ti·« |«nis f ponderis weather s (good or bad) tempest·§s |§tis welcome adj gr§t·us |a |um; welcome! f, cael·um |¿ n; kinds of weather adventus tuus gr§tissimus est! or tempest§t¡s; owing to changes in the salv¡!; you’re welcome libenter weather propter cael¿ variet§t¡s; welcome tr benign¡ ex·cipi« |cipere beautiful (clear, cloudless, cloudy, |c¡p¿ |ceptus fine, foul, lousy, rainy) weather egregia (cl§ra, s»da, nebul«sa ser¡na, well adj salv·us |a |um; get well again foeda, spurca, pluvi«sa) tempest§s conval¡sc·« |ere convalu¿ weather tr weather the storm well adv bene, r¡ct¡; I am doing well procellam d»r§re; (fig) r¡s advers§s mihi bene est; well done! factum super§re optim¡!; well said! fac¡t¡ dictum! weather conditions tempest§t·¡s |um fpl well interj em, imm«, qu¿n; (be it so) est«; well, well enim v¡r« weather forecast praen»nti§ti·« |«nis f well-born honest·us |a |um tempest§tis, praes§gi·um |¿ n tempest§tis well-heeled bene aer§t·us |a |um weather report ren»nti§ti·« |«nis f well-mannered bene m«r§t·us |a |um tempest§tis well-off bene aer§tus |a |um web r¡t·e |is n west occid·¡ns |entis m; in the west ab website sit·us |»s m interr¡ti§lis occidente; to the west in occidentem versus [versus is an adverb] wedding adj n»pti§l·is |is |e; wedding day di·¡s |¡¿ m n»pti§rum; wedding western occident§l·is |is |e gown vest·is |is m n»pti§lis; westward in occidentem versus [versus wedding present n»pti§le d«n·um |¿ is an adverb] 406 Conversational Latin west wind Zephyr·us |¿ m whiff s (slight smell) od·or |«ris m; get whack (coll) percolop§re a wiff of subol·e« |¡re |u¿ whale balaen·a |ae f while conj dum (with pres indic to indicate an action going on in the what quid, c»ius; what about me? quid past) d¡ m¡?; what about the dough (money)? quid d¡ argent«?; what a while s after a little while paul« post; a mess! eu edepol r¡s turbulent§s!; little while before paul« ante; a short while ago paul« ante what do you take me for? for a fool? pr« qu« m¡ hab¡s? pr« stult«?; while tr while away the time fall·« |ere what else quid amplius; quid aliud; fefell¿ tempus what else can I do for you? quid est whimper (of pups) gann·i« |¿re quod tibi efficere possum amplius?; whine plor§re what for? quam ob rem? or qu§ caus§? what is it? (what’s the whip s flagell·um |¿ n probem?) quid est neg«t¿?; what is whip tr flagell§re; whip out ¡rip·i« |ere it? out with it! quid id est? cedo!; |u¿ ¡reptus what (is the trouble) now? quid whipped cream cr¡m·um |¿ n batt»tum iam?; what kind of qu§l·is |is |e; what next? quid deinde? what sort whipping: get a whipping vapul§re of qu§l·is |is |e; what’s it to me how whiskers vibriss·ae |§rum fpl you … quid istuc ad m¡ attinet, whisky vischi·um |¿ n qu«modo t» (+ subj)?; what’s that? (what did you say?) quid id est?; whisper s susurr·us |¿ m what’s that to you? quid ad t¡ whisper tr & intr susurr§re attinet?; what’s the matter? quid whistle s (sound) sibil·us |¿ m; (pipe) est?; what’s the reason why … quid fistul·a |ae f; blow the whistle est quod (+ indic); what’s up? quid fistul§ sibil§re; final (starting) re¿ est?; what’s wrong? quid est? whistle f¿n§lis (initi§lis) sibilus (see whatever quidquid; whatever! quidv¿s! Chapter V) wheat tr¿tic·um |¿ n whistle tr whistle a tune fistul§t« «re wheel rot·a |ae f can·« |ere cecin¿ ¶ intr sibil§re; (of the wind) str¿d·e« |¡re |¿ wheelbarrow pab·« |«nis m white alb·us |a |um; (shiny white) wheelchair sell·a |ae f rot§lis candid·us |a |um; white bread when conj cum, quand«, ubi, ut; p§n·is |is m candidus (interrog) quand«? who quis, c»ius; who are you? quis t» whenever quand«cumque, utcumque, hom« es?; who is he (she)? quis quoti¡ns, quoti¡scumque hom« est?; who is it? it’s I. quis where (direction) qu«; (position) ubi; hom« est? ego sum; who says so? from where unde; where are you quis hoc d¿cit factum?; who the devil from? unde es?; where on earth ubi quis malum terr§rum; ubinam gentium whoa! eho! General Vocabulary 407 whole t«t·us |a |um, c»nct·us |a |um; concili§re ¶ intr vincere; win out taken as a whole in summam (prevail) paeval·e« |¡re |u¿ wholesale magn§ri·us |a |um wind (a clock, watch) inten·d« |dere |d¿ wholesaler magn§ri·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) |tus or |sus whole-wheat bread autop£r·us |¿ m wind vent·us |¿ m; head wind ventus adversus; tail wind ventus secundus; why (interj) qu¿n; why, this very day wind storm procell·a |ae f; I got qu¿n hodi¡ wind of it long ago iam pr¿dem id why (interrog) c»r, quam ob rem, qu§ mihi subol¡bat caus§, qu§r¡; why is it that … quid winding flexu«s·us |a |um; winding est quod (+ indic); why not? route ambit·us |»s m (challenging what has been said) quid ita n«n? (as an expression of window (an opening for light and air, assent: of course) quippin¿? or closed by shutters) fenestr·a |ae f; quidn¿?; why say more? quid pl»ra?; (glass window) fenestra vitrea; why so? because … quid ita? quia (comput) fenestell·a |ae f … ; why the devil c»r malum window pane vitr·um |¿ n fenestrae, wicked improb·us |a |um quadr·um |¿ n vitreum wickedness improbit·§s |§tis f window seat s¡d·¡s |is f fenestr§lis wide l§t·us |a |um windpipe art¡ri·a |ae f aspera widen tr d¿lat§re ¶ intr (of a country) s¡ windshield vitr·um |¿ n anti§erium pand·« |ere windshield wiper vitritergi·um |¿ n width l§tit»d·« |inis f; in width in windy vent«s·us |a |um l§tit»dinem wife ux·or |«ris f wine v¿n·um |¿ n (dry aust¡rum; sweet dulce; red sanguineum; light tenue; wig capill§ment·um |¿ n white album) wild (animal) fer·us |a |um; (growing in wine cellar cell§ri·um |¿ n v¿n§rium the wild) agrest·is |is |e; (uncontrolled) effer§t·us |a |um wine glass hyal·us |¿ m v¿n§rius willing: be willing vol·« velle volu¿ wing (of a bird, of an army) §l·a |ae f; (of a building) lat·us |eris n willy-nilly n«l¡ns vol¡ns wink nict§re; wink at nict§re (+ dat) wily dol«s·us |a |um, subdol·us |a |um, va·fer |fra |frum winter adj h¿bern·us |a |um win s vict«ri·a |ae f; a win on points winter s hiem·s |is f; at the beginning praevalenti·a |ae f p»nct«rum of winter hieme ineunte; at the end of winter hieme exeunte; because of win tr vinc·« |ere v¿c¿ victus; (office) the severity of the winter propter adsequ·or |¿ adsec»tus sum, hiemis magnit»dinem; spend the adip¿sc·or |¿ adeptus sum; win a battle proeli« vincere; win a bet winter hiem§re; winter time sponsi«ne vincere; win a case in temp·us |oris n hiem§le court iudici« vincere; win over (sibi) wire f¿l·um |¿ n 408 Conversational Latin wise guy! impud¡ns! don’t be a wise word processor (comput) programm·a guy! n¡ s¿s impud¡ns! |atis n ¡dit«rium wish cup·i« |ere |¿v¿ |¿tus, opt§re; wish word s verb·um |¿ n; (gram) dicti·« earnestly exopt§re |«nis f; [Note—In Roman grammars, wish s (act of wishing) opt§ti·« |«nis f; “verbum” is used only for “verb”]; (object wished) opt§t·um |¿ n; break one’s word fidem frang·« according to your wishes secundum |ere, fr¡g¿; give one’s word fidem volunt§tem tuam; I give you three dare; in a word breviter, ad wishes tr¡s opt§ti«n¡s tibi d« summam; I want a word with you pauc¿s t¡ vol«; keep one’s word witch sagan·a |ae f, strig·a |ae f; the fidem serv§re; syllables form words witches are howling strigae str¿dent syllabae faciunt dicti«n¡s; why witchcraft ar·s |tis f magica should I take your word for it? c»r without sine (+ abl) tibi cr¡dam?; word for word verbum pr« verb«; word of honor fid·¡s |e¿ witness test·is |is mf (for pr« + abl; f; words fail me mihi verba d¡sunt; against in + acc); be called as a you took the words right out of my witness contest·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; mouth t» quidem ex «re «r§ti«nem trustworthy witness testis locupl¡s mihi ¡ripuist¿ (gen: testis locupl¡tis) m wordy verb«s·us |a |um wolf lup·us |¿ m, lup·a |ae f; wolves howl lup¿ ululant work lab·or |«ris m, oper·a |ae f; (piece of work, literary work) op·us |eris n wolf cub lupae catul·us |¿ m work tr (to exercise) exerc·e« |¡re |u¿ woman muli·er |eris f; old woman |itus; (the soil) col·« |ere |u¿ cultus; an·us |»s f; young woman (a machine) administr§re ¶ intr muliercul·a |ae f lab«r§re, oper§r¿; (to function) womb uter·us |¿ m; (belly) ven·ter |tris fung·or |¿ f»nctus sum m worker oper§ri·us m (·a |ae f) wonder s and no wonder nec m¿rum; workshop offic¿n·a |ae f seven wonders of the world septem m¿r§cula mund¿ world mund·us |¿ m; (earth) orb·is |is m wonder tr m¿r·or |§r¿ |§tus sum; I terr§rum; where in the world? ubi wonder what’s up m¿ror, quid hoc terr§rum?; where in the world are sit neg«t¿; I wonder where he is ubi we? ubinam gentium sumus?; worst sit d¡m¿ror poet in the world pessimus po¡ta omnium wonderful (ad)m¿r§bil·is |is |e world war bell·um |¿ n mund§num wooden spoon cocle·ar |§ris n coquin§rium World Wide Web (WWW) T¡l·a |ae f T«t¿us Terrae (TTT) woodpecker p¿c·us |¿ m (see bird) worm verm·is |is m; (earth worm) woods silv·a |ae f lumbr¿c·us |¿ m wool l§n·a |ae f worn out (person) fatig§t·us |a |um; woollen l§ne·us |a |um (clothes) tr¿t·us |a |um General Vocabulary 409 worry c»r·a |ae f, sollicit»d·« |inis f wrist pr¿m«ris man·us |»s f; sleeves worry tr sollicit§re ¶ intr sollicit§r¿; reaching all the way to the wrists don’t worry! n«l¿ (pl: n«l¿te) manicae pr«lixae »sque in prim«r¡s man»s sollicit§r¿! wrist bone carp·us |¿ m worse p¡i·or |or |us; d¡teri·or |or |us; (more severe) gravi·or |or |ius; get wrist watch h«rologi·um |¿ n armill§re worse ingrav¡sc·« |ere; make write tr scr¿b« scr¿bere scr¿ps¿ scr¿ptus; matters worse r¡s exasper§re; turn write a book librum c«n·scr¿b« out for the worse in p¡i«rem partem |scr¿bere |scr¿ps¿; write a program vertor vert¿ versus sum (comput) programma comp«n·« |ere worth: he’s worth a lot of money composu¿ compositus; write Latin d¿viti§s maxim§s habet; he’s worth Lat¿n¡ scr¿bere nothing nihil est; it isn’t worth it writer scr¿pt·or |«ris m, scr¿ptr·¿x |¿cis f n«n est operae pretium; it’s not writing (act) scr¿pti·« |«nis f; (result) worth all that tant¿ n«n est scr¿pt·um |¿ n, scr¿pt»r·a |ae f; worthless in»til·is |is |e; (containing writings scr¿pt·a |«rum npl nothing of value) in§n·is |is |e; writing paper chart·a |ae f epistul§ris (person) nequam [indecl]; worthless wrong adj (incorrect, mistaken) fals·us fellow nequissimus hom·« |inis m |a |um; (faulty) viti«s·us |a |um; worthlessness in§nit·§s |§tis f (unfair) in¿qu·us |a |um; (morally) worthwhile: it is worthwhile operae nefas [indecl]; be wrong err§re; if I pretium est have done anything wrong, I’m sorry s¿ quid perperam f¡c¿, m¡ worthy (of) dign·us |a |um (+ abl) paenitet; what’s wrong with you? wow! (in shocked surprise) v§h!; hui!; quid est tibi? or quid est t¡cum? (in astonishment) papae!; babae!; wrong adv perperam vah! wrap s amict·us |»s m Y wrap tr involv·« |ere |¿ invol»tus; wrap yard §re·a |ae f dom»s; (measure) uln·a up obvolvere |ae f; back yard §rea post¿ca wrapper invol»cr·um |¿ n yawn «scit§re, hi§re wreath cor«n·a |ae f year: annus |¿ m; a hundred years wrestle luct·or |§r¿ |§tus sum (see from now ad centum ann«s; at the Chapter V) beginning of the year ineunte ann«, wrestler luct§t·or |«ris m pr¿ncipi« ann¿; at the end of the year exeunte ann«; a year from now wrestling luct§ti·« |«nis f ad annum; every year quotann¿s; for wrestling match cert§m·en |inis n a year in annum; in my twenty-first luct§ti«nis year annum pr¿mum et v¿c¡simum ag·¡ns |entis ego … ; I wish you a wrinkle r»g·a |ae f happy New Year Novum Annum wrinkled r»g«s·us |a |um laetum tibi exopt«; last year ann« 410 Conversational Latin

superi«re; the following year young boy puercul·us |¿ m proximus annus; the previous year young daughter f¿liol·a |ae f superior annus; twice a year bis (in) ann«; up in years aet§te pr«vect·us young lady muliercul·a |ae f |a |um young man adul¡sc·¡ns |entis m; yearn for d¡s¿der§re (between approximately the ages of 20 and 40) iuven·is |is m yell intr ulul§re; (in pain) ¡iul§re young son f¿liol·us |¿ m yell s ulul§t·us |»s m; (in pain) ¡iul§ti·« youngster adul¡scentul·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) |«nis f your tu·us |a |um, vest·er |ra |rum yellow fl§v·us |a |um; deep yellow fulv·us |a |um; pale yellow l»rid·us youth (age) adul¡scenti·a |ae f (between |a |um, gilv·us |a |um puer and iuvenis, between 15 and 30 years and even beyond); (young men yellowish subfl§v·us |a |um collectively) iuvent·»s |»tis f; (young yes etiam, s§n¡, ita, imm«; I say yes; person) iuven·is |is mf you say no ego ai«; t» neg§s (see youthful iuven¿l·is |is |e; iuven·is |is |e Appendix I) yesterday her¿; the day before yesterday nudius tertius [adv, also Z written as one word] zeal studi·um |¿ n yipes! (to express surprise, fear, dismay) zealous studi«s·us |a |um eheu! zero zer·um |¿ n yippee! (to express joy, elation) ehem! zig-zag tortu«s·us |a |um; zig-zag yokel r»stic·us |¿ m (·a |ae f) streets anfr§ct·»s |uum mpl vi§rum you t»; (pl: v«s) zip code numer·us |¿ m cursu§lis (or you see (parenthetical) enim d¿r¡ct«rius) young parv·us |a |um (n§t»), parvul·us zipper claus»r·a |ae f tractilis |a |um (n§t»); younger i»ni·or |or zoo v¿v§ri·um |¿ n |us; min·or |or |us (n§t»); youngest minim·us |a |um (n§t»)