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Chapter 5 Preventing and Overcoming Separatism

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Chapter 5 Preventing and Overcoming Separatism CHAPTER 5 PREVENTING AND OVERCOMING SEPARATISM Horizontal conflicts in various regions of Indonesia, such as Maluku and Poso, have significantly been mitigated. The parties involved in the conflicts have, voluntarily as well as through facilitation by the government, shown their resolve to create peace in their respective areas. Nevertheless, in several regions there are potential and real separatist movements that aim to secede from the NKRI (Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia). Such potential and movements need to be wisely addressed so as to maintain the ever more solid integrity of the NKRI. A. THE PROBLEMS The not yet fully resolved handling of the separatist movement in Aceh, even though it is already at the stage of civil emergency phase and preparations are underway to enter the civil order phase. The separatist movement in Aceh, even though already entering the settlement phase with the effectuation of civil emergency and is preparing to enter the civil order phase, still needs affirmative as well as discreet handling for ensuring the integrity of the NKRI. The tsunami disaster at the end of 2004, which has devastated most of Aceh and has resulted in the loss of many lives, has become the unforeseen factor in the efforts to fully overcome separatism and has required a handling that placed greater emphasis on the sense of justice. The still real threat of the Free Papua Movement (OPM) in Papua. At the eastern tip of the nation, even though the armed Free Papua Movement can already be localized, resulting in the declining number of incidents, the social condition of the local population and the still strong support from a portion of the local population for the struggle of the OPM, it still needs to be carefully watched. The fact that national development has not yet been equitably implemented. Development policies that are perceived to have disregarded the interest of the Aceh and Papua population, resulting in Chapter 5 – 1 the local population to become left behind in terms of economic welfare, education and health compared to other regions in Indonesia, even though these two regions have rich natural resources, can increase the sympathy of the local communities to the separatist groups. Such sympathy can be made as the moral strength for encouraging the local population in these two regions to secede from the NKRI. The not yet functioning early warning and prevention at the initial phase of separatism. A separatist impetus that has reached a large scale movement will make it difficult to handle and will require its handling over a relatively long period. Such growing separatist actions are evidences of inadequate anticipation and the minimum of efforts to prevent and handle such actions at the early phase of the movements. The fact that the concept of multiculturalism has not yet been well understood. The existence of the separatist potential is evidence that the conception and actualization of the principles of multiculturalism are still fragile. The still weak understanding of multiculturalism and its actualization is an apprehensive fact as it implies the ease for which differences in ethnical traits, cultures and ideologies can be used as issues for demanding secession from the NKRI. B. THE TARGETS The targets of efforts for the preventing and overcoming separatism are the following: 1. The restored normalcy in the life of the population in Aceh and Papua so that there will be no new conflicts in a particular region; 2. The reduced resistance of the GAM (Free Aceh Movement) and the weakening support from sympathizers of GAM in the country as well as abroad; 3. The reduced strength of the OPM (Free Papua Movement) and the weakened support from sympathizers of the OPM within the country as well as abroad; 4. The improved implementation of equitable development in conflict and separatist-prone regions, as reflected in the enhanced social and economic condition of the local population; Chapter 5 – 2 5. The early detection and prevention of separatist potentials; 6. The increased understanding and actualization of multiculturalism among the leaders, communities and the media. C. POLICY DIRECTIONS The said targets are to be attained through the following policy directions: 1. Restoring security for carrying out strict actions against armed separatists that violate the civil rights of the population; 2. Increasing the welfare of the local communities of conflict or separatist-prone regions, through improvement in the access of the local population to economic resources and through greater equity in development activities among regions; 3. Increasing quality in the implementation of autonomy and decentralization; 4. Ensuring the early detection and prevention at the initial phase of potential conflicts and separatist actions; 5. Implementing political education, through formal, informal channels and through dialogues and through the mass media, in the context of increasing mutual trust; 6. Strengthening the institutions of regional governments in the provision of public services; 7. Strengthening political communication of the government and the local population. D. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS The policy directions for preventing and overcoming separatism are further specified into the following development programs: 1. PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPING NATIONAL RESILIENCY The aim of this program is the development and enhancement of national resiliency, national identity and national management system, and the concept of nationalism for citizens in the context of overcoming various threats to the life of the people and that of the nation. Chapter 5 – 3 The main activities that will be carried out are the following: 1. To formulate the draft on national policies for promoting national resiliency in order to ensure attainment of the national objectives and maintenance of the national interest and safety of the nation from threats to the sovereignty, unity an cohesion of the nation; 2. To conduct strategic research and studies on actual problems related to the concept of national defense and security, concept of the national archipelago, national resiliency, and the national management system; 3. To carry out strategic education on national resiliency. 2. PROGRAM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTIGATIONS, SECURITY MEASURES AND CONSOLIDATING STATE SECURITY The aim of this program is to increase the professionalism of the intelligence so as to become more sensitive, sharp and anticipatory in the early detection and elimination of various threats, challenges, impediments and disturbances that can affect the national interest, in order to prevent and overcome separatism. The main activities that will be carried out are the following: 1. To carry out intelligence operations, in the context of early detection, for preventing and overcoming separatism; 2. To coordinate all central and regional intelligence agencies throughout the NKRI for preventing and overcoming separatism; 3. To assess and analyze intelligence on changes in the strategic environment, management and compilation of intelligence products, in the context of early detection, for preventing and overcoming separatism. 3. PROGRAM FOR UPHOLDING THE SOVEREIGNTY AND SAFEGUARDING OF THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF THE NKRI The aim of this program is to realize the readiness for carrying out operations and actions against threats in the form of Chapter 5 – 4 invasions/aggressions from the outside and threats from within the country, in the form of military as well as non-military threats. The main activities that will be carried out are the following: 1. To anticipate and implement military as well as non-military operations against separatist movements that attempt to secede from the NKRI, especially armed separatist movements, that threaten the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Indonesia; 2. To anticipate and implement military and non-military operations against radicalism that are based on ethnical, racial, religious primordial sentiments and on ideology other than the Pancasila, that are acting on their own initiatives as well as those related to forces abroad. 4. PROGRAM FOR CONSOLIDATING DOMESTIC SECURITY The aim of this program is to increase and consolidate the security and order in the Indonesian territory, especially in vulnerable regions, such as on the seas of Indonesia, in border areas and in the most outer islands, and to increase the security of the Indonesian territory from separatist crimes. The main activities that will be carried out are the following: 1. To carry out security and law enforcing operations in the efforts to implement actions against the early tendency of separatist activities in the territory of the NKRI; 2. To carry out efforts for securing and maintaining order in border areas and in the most outer islands; 3. To implement the persuasive approach in an intensive manner to communities that are vulnerable to the influences of separatist elements. 5. PROGRAM FOR ENHANCING COMMITMENT TO NATIONAL UNITY AND COHESION The aim of this program is to reaffirm the important meaning of national unity in an already changed political constellation. Chapter 5 – 5 The main activities that will be carried out are the following: 1. To carry out the political education of the general public; 2. To socialize the national archipelago concept; 3. To carry out efforts for realizing and facilitating various social and political forums and discussions that can deepen understanding on the importance of national unity, and eliminate discriminative attitudes, and to promote respect for differences in society. 6. PROGRAM FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICES The aim of this program is to enhance the quality of the services and flow of information to and from the general public, in order to support the process of socialization and political participation of the people. The main activities that will be carried out are the following: 1. To carry out proactive efforts in the provision of information that is more oriented to actual demand and needs of the general public. 2. To expand the information network and public broadcasts for the promotion of values on social unity and equality.
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