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Spanish Evaluative Morphology: Pragmatic, Sociolinguistic, and Semantic Issues

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Spanish Evaluative Morphology: Pragmatic, Sociolinguistic, and Semantic Issues SPANISH EVALUATIVE MORPHOLOGY: PRAGMATIC, SOCIOLINGUISTIC, AND SEMANTIC ISSUES By VICTOR MOISES PRIETO A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Victor Moises Prieto This document is dedicated to God; my wife, Monica; my son, Victor Emanuel; my mother, Silvia; my father, Juvenal; my siblings: Raxil, Isaac, Daniel, Ruth, David, Javier, Judith, Martin, Nali, Antoine, and Pipo; the linguistics and Spanish departments at the University of Florida; Baptists in all the world; Hispanics in the USA; my home country, Venezuela; and my second home countries: Colombia and the USA. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank God for His help and company during all these years of fights and victories, sadness and happiness, and defeats and triumphs. I feel forever grateful to my wife, Monica; my son, Victor Emanuel; my parents; and my siblings. I would like to express my special gratitude to my supervisory committee chair and advisor (Dr. Diana Boxer) for all her support, understanding, teachings, and help during these years of graduate school. At the same time, I thank my other supervisory committee members; Dr. D. Gary Miller, Dr. David A. Pharies, and Dr. Shifra Armon. Each one of them immensely contributed to my training, learning, and research during this time of reading, preparation, investigation, and writing. Other professors who are not members of my committee also contributed to this final product at some point: Dr. Caroline Wiltshire, Dr. Joachim Camps, Dr. Theresa Antes, Dr. Eric Potsdam, Dr. M.J. Hardman, Dr. Ratree Wayland, and Dr. Edith Khan. I also express my gratitude to Steve Flocks, my editor; and to my classmates. In general, I feel appreciation for the Program of Linguistics at the University of Florida for its office staff, Joan and Jolee; and for its entire faculty. Finally, I would like to express words of gratitude to the Baptist Hispanic Church of Gainesville, FL. since they constituted one of my main sources of data and information. I will never forget these people, this department, this university, and this church. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 Research Questions.......................................................................................................3 Literature Review .........................................................................................................3 Pragmatics .............................................................................................................4 Pragmatic Theoretical Tenets................................................................................6 Sociolinguistic Perspectives ..................................................................................8 Evaluative Morphology.......................................................................................10 Morphology in general.................................................................................10 Evaluativeness in morphology .....................................................................11 Methodology...............................................................................................................22 Ethnography ........................................................................................................22 Data and Participants...........................................................................................23 Data Analysis.......................................................................................................26 Morphopragmatics...............................................................................................28 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................30 2 EVALUATIVE MORPHOLOGY: FUNDAMENTALS...........................................32 Evaluativeness in General...........................................................................................32 The Morphology of Evaluatives .................................................................................34 Evaluativeness Cross-Linguistically...........................................................................40 Non(morphologically) Evaluative Languages: Evaluative Syntax .....................40 Morphologically Evaluative Languages: Two Types..........................................43 Linguistic Postulates and Evaluative Morphology..............................................47 Origins of Spanish EVALs .........................................................................................49 PIE and Latin antecedents ...................................................................................50 Other non-DIM Latin suffixes......................................................................52 v DIM’s formal grammar ................................................................................52 DIM’s original senses...................................................................................54 Changes in meaning and productivity..........................................................55 Augmentatives.....................................................................................................58 -azo...............................................................................................................58 -al..................................................................................................................60 -ón.................................................................................................................61 -ote:...............................................................................................................62 Superlative...........................................................................................................63 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................65 Notes...........................................................................................................................66 3 SEMANTIC ISSUES..................................................................................................67 Semantic vs. Pragmatic Polysemy..............................................................................67 Cognitive Semantic Model: Radial Categories...........................................................70 Diminutives.................................................................................................................75 Core Sense of DIMs ............................................................................................75 Chaining Links ....................................................................................................86 Augmentatives ............................................................................................................94 Core Sense...........................................................................................................94 Chaining Links ....................................................................................................95 Superlatives.................................................................................................................98 Conclusion ................................................................................................................100 4 PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS...................................................................................102 Diminutives...............................................................................................................104 Semantic/Neutral Uses of the Diminutive.........................................................106 Pragmatic Uses of DIMs ...................................................................................110 The affection function ................................................................................110 The derogation function .............................................................................122 The attenuation function or polite DIM .....................................................126 Augmentatives ..........................................................................................................133 Semantics-Driven Uses .....................................................................................135 Pragmatics-Driven Uses ....................................................................................136 The intensification function of AUGs........................................................136 The attenuation function of AUGs .............................................................139 Superlatives...............................................................................................................142 Conclusion ................................................................................................................145
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