CSM Bio 250 Anatomy Skeletal System Lab Guide

HISTOLOGY – ID the following in the slides or on body model angle compact -haversian systems (osteons), coronoid Haversian (central) canal, concentric lamellae, condyloid process interstitial lamellae, osteocytes, lacunae, (mandibular ) canaliculi, perforating (Volksmanns) canals spongy bone - trabeculae alveolar process Know all bones articulated and disarticulated except hands and feet, bones that will only be seen articulated. Also know right from left where appropriate. palatine process AXIAL SKELETON Zygomatic Bones Nasal Bones Frontal Bone Inferior Nasal Conchae frontal sinus Occipital Bone Lacrimal Bones foramen magnum occipital condyle and joint Palatine Bones Sphenoid Bone sella turcica Cranial Structures optic foramen/canal Sutures: sphenoidal sinus -coronal suture -sagittal suture Ethmoid Bone -lambdoidal suture crista galli -squamosal suture cribriform plate Sinuses superior and middle conchae zygomatic arch perpendic. plate(nasal septum) ethmoidal sinus supraorbital margin Temporal Bones superior orbital fissure carotid canal inferior orbital fissure petrous portion optic canal internal auditory meatus anterior cranial fossa external auditory meatus middle cranial fossa jugular foramen posterior cranial fossa mandibular fossa () Skull of Newborn mastoid process -Anterior/Frontal Fontanel and others

Parietal Bones Hyoid Bone

Mandible Bone

1 Ear Ossicles head with facets or demifacets Malleus neck Incus tubercle with articular facet Stapes angle costal groove Vertebral Column Atypical Typical Vertebra 1. First and second rib Body(with intervertebral disc) -head with one articular facet spinous process -prominent and thick tubercle transverse process -no angle vertebral foramen -no costal groove superior articular process and facet 2. Eleventh and Twelfth/Floating Ribs inferior articular process and facet - head with one articular facet -no neck or tubercle Cervical Vertebrae -costal groove shallow or transverse foramen(cervical only) nonexistent Atlas - lacks a body -anterior arch with fovea dentis Intercostal space -lateral mass with superior and inferior articular processes Sternum Axis costal cartilage -dens/odontoid process manubrium sternal angle Thoracic Vertebrae body of sternum costal facets xiphoid process

Lumbar Vertebrae APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Sacrum Pelvic Girdle -superior articular process and facet symphysis pubis -median crest greater/false pelvis -lateral mass with auricular surface for lesser/true pelvis articulation with ilium Os Coxa (ossa coxae pl.) -pelvic surface with foramina acetabulum -dorsal surface with foramina ilium -sacral canal iliac crest auricular surface 7. Coccyx ischium ischial tuberosity Curves of the Spine, scoliosis, kyphosis, ischial spine lordosis pubis Sacroiliac joint Ribs Sex Differences in Pelvis – pubic arch Typical

2 Clavicle radial tuberosity acromial end styloid process sternal end ulnar notch sternoclavicular joint acromioclavicular joint Carpals: intercarpal joints Scapula Navicular/Scaphoid spine Lunate supraspinous fossa Triquetral infraspinous fossa Pisiform glenoid cavity/fossa Trapezium shoulder joint Trapezoid coracoid process Capitate subscapular fossa Hamate (supra)scapular notch acromial process/acromion Metacarpals, first metacarpal-carpal joint

Humerus Phalanges - distal, middle, proximal head shaft Femur anatomical neck Head and hip joint surgical neck fovea capitis greater tubercle neck lesser tubercle shaft deltoid tuberosity greater trochanter nutrient foramen lesser trochanter capitulum medial condyle trochlea lateral condyle medial epicondyle intercondylar fossa lateral epicondyle patellar surface coronoid fossa medial epicondyle olecranon fossa lateral epicondyles

Ulna Patella and joint semilunar/trochlear notch coronoid process Tibia olecranon process Knee joint radial notch and radioulnar joint medial condyle interosseous crest/border lateral condyle head intercondylar eminence styloid process tibial tuberosity anterior crest Radius medial malleolus Shaft/diaphysis fibular notch Head and radioulnar joint Radiohumoral joint

3 Fibula head lateral malleolus

Ankle and Foot

Tarsals: Talus Calcaneus tuberosity of calcaneus Navicular First/medial Cuneiform Second/intermediate Cuneiform Third/lateral Cuneiform Cuboid

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Arches of Feet longitudinal – medial and lateral transverse

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