BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 Pasta Pasta Merupakan Suatu Inovasi Di Dunia Makanan Yang Ditemukan Pada Akhir Abad Ke 13. Setelah

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BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 Pasta Pasta Merupakan Suatu Inovasi Di Dunia Makanan Yang Ditemukan Pada Akhir Abad Ke 13. Setelah BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 Pasta Pasta merupakan suatu inovasi di dunia makanan yang ditemukan pada akhir abad ke 13. Setelah eksplorasi dari timur, pada abad ke 13 Marco polo memperkenalkan pasta di Italia, jika ditelusuri sebenarnya pasta telah ada sejak abad ke empat sebelum masehi, hal ini terbukti karena ditemukannya makam Etruscan yang membuat makanan berbentuk pasta. Setelah pasta diperkenalkan di Italy, beberapa turis inggris yang sedang berkunjung ke Italy, mempelajari tentang makanan pasta, dan memperkenalkan pasta tersebut ke Amerika. Mereka memperkenalkan pasta sebagai mie yang bias dimasak kurang lebih satu setengah jam, dan dibekap dengan saus krim atau keju. Selain itu, sejarah pasta juga berkembang di negara China, pada zaman 3000 sebelum masehi, mie yang dibuat oleh bangsa China digabungkan dengan perangkat alat adonan yang diciptakan oleh bangsa Yunani, sehingga menghasilkan adonan yang disebut spaghetti . Perkembangan pasta tidak berhenti pada penemuan spaghetti , Thomas Jefferson membawa mesin macaroni pertama ke Amerika pada tahun 1789. Setelah inovasi pasta menyebar dan tercipta berbagai bentuk, sebagai contoh macaroni dan spaghetti , pabrik pasta pertama didirikan di Amerika (Brooklyn) pada tahun 1848, sejak saat itu banyak orang yang menaruh helai spaghetti di atap gedung untuk mengeringkan spaghetti di bawah sinar matahari. (Pastafits, 2015) 5 6 Pada saat ini telah ditemukan berbagai macam pasta, berikut contoh-contoh pasta: Gambar 2.1Acini di Pepe Gambar 2.2Cappeletti Gambar 2.3 Alphabet Pasta Gambar 2.4 Casarecce Gambar 2.5 Anelli Gambar 2.6 Cavatappi Gambar 2.7 Angel hair Gambar 2.8 Cavatelli Gambar 2.9 Bucatini Gmbar 2.10 Conchiglie Gambar 2.11 Campanelle Gambar 2.12 Ditalini 7 Gambar 2.13 Egg noodles Gambar 2.14 Elbow Gambar 2.15 Farfalle Gambar 2.16 Fettucine Gambar 2.17 Fussili Gambar 2.18 Lasagna Gambar 2.19 Penne Gambar 2.20 Ravioli Gambar 2.21 Spaghetti Gambar 2.22 Rigatoni 2.2 Spaghetti Spaghetti adalah salah satu jenis pasta yang sangat digemari di Amerika, pasta yang berbentuk panjang menyerupai kabel ini merupakan pasta yang cocok digunakan untuk semua saus masakan, contoh saus pasta yang biasa digunakan adalah spaghetti carbonara , saus spaghetti bolognaise , saus spaghetti aglioolio dan lain-lain. (Pastafits, 2015) 8 2.2.1 Manfaat Spaghetti Spaghetti memiliki berbagai macam manfaat, salah satu manfaat spaghetti adalah karbohidrat yang tinggi, didalam spaghetti terkandung sumber glukosa (tenaga untuk otak dan otot), pasta juga merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang dapat bertahan dalam waktu yang lama. Spaghetti juga merupakan pilihan yang tepat bagi orang yang ingin mengurangi berat badan, Hal ini didukung oleh spaghetti yang memberikan efek kenyang lebih lama, di Amerika beberapa produsen pasta telah memproduksi spaghetti yang dicampur dengan gandum, gandum dan pasta dilengkapi dengan omega 3, asam lemak untuk membantu bimbingan diet sebagian orang Amerika. (Pastafits, 2015) 2.2.2 Kandungan Gizi Spaghetti Tabel 2.1 Kandungan Gizi Spaghetti Informasi gizi Per 100 gram (g) Energi 356 kkal Protein 12,5 g Karbohidrat 71,7 g Sodium 0,002 g Sumber: Barilla Menurut American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , spaghetti merupakan sumber diet GI (indeks glikemik) rendah sehingga cocok bagi mereka yang terkena diabetes tipe 2. Pasta juga terbukti dapat menurunkan risiko perkembangan diabetes tipe 2, hal ini diteliti oleh peneliti Finlandia (British Medical Journal, 2012) 2.3 Mi Mi merupakan makanan yang sangat tidak asing di asia, mi dapat dikelompokan menjadi dua kategori, yaitu mi gandum dan mi yang terbuat dari pati lainnya. Sebagian besar mi berasal dari China dan Jepang, mi yang berasal dari china terbuat dari tepung dan air, atau ada juga yang diberi telur. Ada juga mi yang disebut mi kanton, mi ini diolah dengan cara merenggangkan adonan sampai setipis spaghetti. Mi yang berasal dari Jepang juga memiliki banyak variasi, salah satunya 9 adalah udon, mi yang berbentuk tebal bewarna putih dan terbuat dari tepung gandum, dan terdapat juga soba mi tipis yang berasal dari jepang (Gisslen, 2011). 2.4 Lontong Isi Lontong merupakan makanan yang dibungkus daun pisang berbahan utama beras aron atau mi ini bisa diisi sesuai selera, seperti daging cincang ayam atau oncom yang dikukus sampai matang. Cara pembuatannya juga mudah dan penyajiannya sangat praktis (Warta kota, 2014). Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan resep dasar lontong isi berdasarkan buku “Kue-Kue Kukus Tradisional, Dewi Soesilo”: Resep Lontong Mi (Kue-kue Kukus Tradisional, Dewi Soesilo) Bahan - Air untuk merebus mi - 2 sdm minyak untuk merebus mi - 200 gram mi telur (1 bungkus) patah-patahkan - 4 butir telur - 1 sdt garam Isi - 4 sdm minyak, untuk menumis - 7 butir bawang merah, cincang halus - 5 siung bawang putih, cincang halus - 2 batang daun bawang, iris halus - 250 gram daging ayam giling - 2 sdm ebi, rendam air panas sampai mengembang - 150 ml air - 2sdt bubuk lada - 3 sdm kecap manis - 3 sdm kecap asin - 2 sdm saus tiram - 1 sdm angciu - 1 sdt gula pasir - Daun pisang untuk membungkus 10 Proses pembuatan lontong isi: 1. Panaskan air dan minyak Gambar 2.23 Proses Pemanasan Air dan Minyak 2. Proses mi direbus Gambar 2.24 Proses Mi Direbus 11 3. Panaskan minyak, dan tmis bahan-bahan pada lontong mi Gambar 2.25 Proses Penumisan 4. Proses mi dan telur diaduk rata Gambar 2.26 Proses Pencampuran Mi dan Telur 12 5. Masukan hasil tumis ke dalam mi yang telah matang Gambar 2.27 Campuran Mi dan Hasil Tumis 6. Kukus lontong isi Gambar 2.28 Proses Lontong di Kukus 13 7. Lontong telah siap disajikan Gambar 2.29 Lontong Siap Saji Cara Membuat: • Didihkan air bersama 2 sdm minyak, masukan mi telur. Aduk dan masak sampai mi matang. Angkat dan tiriskan. Sisihkan. Kocok telur bersama garam, tuang ke dalam mi. Aduk sampai mi dan telur tercampur rata • Panaskan minyak, tumis bawang merah dan bawang putih cincang sampai harum. Masukan irisan daun bawang, daging ayam giling dan ebi. Aduk rata. Tambahkan air, bubuk lada, kecap manis asin, saus tiram, angciu dan gula pasir. Aduk dan masak sampai daging matang, angkat. • Ambil dua lembar daun pisang, beri 3-4 sdm mi, ratakan. Beri tumisan ayam, kemudian gulung dan padatkan. Semat kedua ujungnya dengan lidi. Lakukan sampai bahan habis. Kukus dalam dandang panas selama 40-50 menit atau sampai arem-arem mi matang dan padat. Angkat. 14 2.4.1 Alat Pembuatan Lontong Isi Gambar 2.30 Alat Penumis Sautee-pan, sauteuse. Dapat juga memakai sautoir atau sauce pan, sangat tergantung situasi dan keperluannya (Faridah, 2008) Gambar 2.31 Talenan Sebagai alat untuk memotong bahan makanan, bisa berupa plastik atau kayu (Gislen 2013) 15 Gambar 2.32 Alat Perebus Egg-boiler, brassier, pan perebus, large steam jacketted boiler, double boiler, dan berbagai ukuran panci perebus (Faridah, 2008) Gambar 2.33 Alat kukus Mengukus memerlukan steamer atau kukusan. Uap yang muncul dari alat ini akan mematangkan objek yang dikukus. (Faridah, 2008) 16 Gambar 2.34 Kompor Gas Digunakan untuk merebus dan memanaskan Gambar 2.35 Spatula Digunakan untuk mengaduk makanan 17 Gambar 2.36 Mangkuk Digunakan untuk tempat menaruh bahan makanan Gambar 2.37 Pisau Digunakan untuk memotong bahan makanan 18 Gambar 2.38 Sendok Sebagai alat untuk mengambil makanan 2.4.2 Bahan Pembuatan Lontong Isi Gambar 2.39 Ayam Cincang Menurut The Cook’s Book Of Ingredients (2010) ayam adalah bahan yang baik digunakan sebagai pengganti daging sapi di berbagai makanan 19 Gambar 2.40 Angciu Menambah rasa dan harum pada makanan Gambar 2.41 Kecap Asin Untuk menambah rasa asin pada makanan 20 Gambar 2.42 Ebi Ebi merupakan udang yang telah dikupas, diberi sedikit garam dan dikeringkan, banyak dipakai di Negara china (The Cook’s Book Of Ingredients, 2010) Gambar 2.43 Bawang Putih Penambah rasa gurih dan wangi pada lontong. 21 Gambar 2.44 Telur Telur merupakan bahan makanan yang sering dipakai dalam banyak masakan di dunia, dan juga bisa digunakan dalam bahan utama seperti omelet (The Cook’s Book Of Ingredients, 2010) Gambar 2.45 Lada Bahan yang biasa digunakan untuk makanan yang di panggang, biasa dipakai oleh Amerika Latin, dan Asia (The Cook’s Book Of Ingredients, 2010) 22 Gambar 2.46 Daun Pisang Digunakan untuk membungkus lontong sebelum dikukus hingga matang. Gambar 2.47 Gula Berguna sebagai penambah gurih dan rasa manis pada makanan 23 Gambar 2.48 Minyak Goreng Berfungsi sebagai media perpindahan panas dan tekstur makanan Gambar 2.49 Kecap Manis Sebagai sumber rasa manis, dan penambah gurih pada lontong isi 24 Gambar 2.50 Garam Garam terdiri dari kristal natriumklorida.Kebanyakan garam adalah jenis garam batu, yang ditambang di bawah tanah, dan digiling menjadi sangat kecil dibentuk hingga menjadi biji-bijian dipastikan dapat menuangkan dengan mudah. Beberapa merek telah ditambahkan yodium. (The Cook’s Book Of Ingredients, 2010) Gambar 2.51 Daun Bawang Daun bawang banyak sekali ditemukan di sekitar negara eropa, dan beberapa negara lainnya, daun bawang merupakan batang yang memiliki banyak lapisan daun. (The Cook’s Book Of Ingredients, 2010) 25 Gambar 2.52 Bawang Merah Berasal dari Asia Tengah, rasa bahan makanan ini cenderung manis dan telah tumbuh di berbagai belahan dunia (The Cook’s Book Of Ingredients, 2010) Gambar 2.53 Mi Mi biasa dijual dalam berbagai ketebalan, dan berbagai warna, warna cokelat hingga keemasan (The Cook’s Book Of Ingredients, 2010) 26 2.5 Kerangka Penelitian Lontong Isi Mi Spaghetti Uji Kesukaan Hasil Jadi Lontong Isi Menggunakan Mi dan Spaghetti Proses Pembuatan Uji Kesukaan Oleh Panelis ( Warna, Tekstur, Rasa, Aroma ) Analisis Dari Kuisioner Hasil Analisis Dan Daya Terima Masyarakat Kesimpulan Dan Saran Gambar 2.54 Skema Kerangka Penelitian .
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