Stories About Our Past Are Hidden All Around Us, in the Buildings We Live in and the Landscape Which Surrounds Us
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'RZQ <RXU :ROG Stories about our past are hidden all around us, in the buildings we live in and the landscape which surrounds us. This handbook will help you to discover some of the hidden heritage in the Lincolnshire Wolds, while visiting some great places along the way! Explore the Lincolnshire Wolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Hello heritage spotter! The rich archaeological and built heritage helped the Lincolnshire Wolds become a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in 1973. $21%V DUH ODQGVFDSHV ZKLFK KDYH EHHQ GHHPHG VR SUHFLRXV WKDW LW LV LQ RXU QDWLRQDO LQWHUHVW WR SURWHFW WKHP 7KH /LQFROQVKLUH :ROGV LV WKH RQO\ $21% LQ WKH ZKROH RI WKH (DVW 0LGODQGV VRPH RI WKH UROOLQJ KLOOV IRUP WKH KLJKHVW DUHD RI ODQG LQ WKH (DVW RI (QJODQG EHWZHHQ <RUNVKLUH DQG .HQW So, what do we mean by heritage? 7KH &DPEULGJH 'LFWLRQDU\ VWDWHV WKDW KHULWDJH LV ¶IHDWXUHV EHORQJLQJ WR WKH FXOWXUH RI D SDUWLFXODU VRFLHW\ VXFK DV WUDGLWLRQV ODQJXDJHV RU EXLOGLQJV WKDW ZHUH FUHDWHG LQ WKH SDVW DQG VWLOO KDYH KLVWRULFDO LPSRUWDQFH· ,Q VLPSOH WHUPV KHULWDJH WHOOV XV WKH VWRU\ RI ZKR ZH DUH DQG KRZ RXU VXUURXQGLQJV KDYH GHYHORSHGGHYHORSHG DURXQGDURXQG XV If you accept the challenge to become a heritage detective then read on… The Lincolnshire Wolds rock! /HW·V VWDUW DW WKH EHJLQQLQJ E\ ORRNLQJ DW WKH JHRORJ\ RI WKH /LQFROQVKLUH :ROGV JHRORJ\ LV WKH VWXG\ RI RXU SODQHW (DUWK *HRORJLVWV VWXG\ URFNV WR XQFRYHU LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW KRZ WKH SODQHW ZDV PDGH ZKDW LW LV PDGH IURP DQG KRZ LW KDV FKDQJHG RYHU WLPH Chalking it up… )RUPHG DERXW 0 PLOOLRQ \HDUV DJR FKDON LV PDGH DOPRVW HQWLUHO\ RI PLFURVFRSLF PDULQH FUHDWXUHV IRVVLO VHD XUFKLQV DQG R\VWHUV 7KH /LQFROQVKLUH :ROGV LV KRPH WR VHYHUDO FKDON VWUHDPV ZKLFK DUH D UDUH KDELWDW IRUPHG E\ UDLQ ZDWHU EHLQJ À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he Lincolnshire Wolds has 3 main local rocks which were laid down during the Cretaceous period a whopping 145 – 65 million years ago! Tealby Limestone 7KLV LV D GLVWLQFWLYH RUDQJH FRORXU 3D\ D YLVLW WR 7HDOE\ DQG WDNH D ORRN DW WKH FKXUFK DQG VRPH RI WKH ROG FRWWDJHV LQ WKH YLOODJH <RX ZLOO QRWLFH WKH\ DUH DOO PDGH IURP 7HDOE\ /LPHVWRQH Spilsby Sandstone 7KLV VWRQH LV JUHHQ LQ FRORXU ,W LV PDGH XS RI IRVVLOV DQG SHEEOHV $ YLVLW WR 7HWIRUG FKXUFK ZLOO KHOS \RX WR VHH ZKDW WKH VWRQH ORRNV OLNH Claxby Ironstone :KHQ IUHVKO\ FXW WKLV LV D JUHHQLVK FRORXU EXW ZHDWKHUV RYHUWLPH WR D UHGGLVK RUDQJH ([DPSOHV RI WKLV VWRQH FDQ EH IRXQG DW 1HWWOHWRQ FKXUFK DQG RWKHU EXLOGLQJV LQ WKH DUHD 7KLV LURQVWRQH ZDV RQFH PLQHG DW 1HWWOHWRQ DQG &OD[E\ IRU LWV LURQ RUH Life in the Wolds From geology we move on to archaeology which is the study of past human life and activities as shown by objects (such as pottery, tools, and statues) left by ancient people. 7KH /LQFROQVKLUH :ROGV KDYH EHHQ OLYHG LQ IRU WKRXVDQGV RI \HDUV )OLQW KDQG D[HV IRXQG DW :HOWRQ OH :ROG VKRZ WKDW SHRSOH ZHUH WKHUH RYHU 00000 \HDUV DJR (YLGHQFH RI SUHKLVWRULF DQG 5RPDQ VHWWOHPHQWV KDYH EHHQ IRXQG LQ WKH :ROGV EXW WKH EHVW DUFKDHRORJLFDO HYLGHQFH ZH KDYH IRU VHWWOHPHQWV LV IURP WKH PHGLHYDO SHULRG <RX FDQ VHH OXPSV DQG EXPSV LQ ÀHOGV ZKLFK FDQ EH HYLGHQFH RI GHVHUWHG RU VKUXQNHQ PHGLHYDO YLOODJHV There are over 100 deserted medieval villages within the Lincolnshire Wolds but they can be hard to spot - looking at the landscape from above can give you a better idea of where they are so Google Earth can be a useful tool. 7DNH D YLVLW WR :DOHVE\ %LVFDWKRUSH RU *XQE\ DV © Paul Everson WKHVH DOO KDYH ZHOO SUHVHUYHG HDUWKZRUNV ZKLFK Brinkhill Moat PDUN RXW ZKHUH YLOODJHV RQFH VWRRG 5LGJH DQG IXUURZ HDUWKZRUNV DUH DOVR HYLGHQFH RI PHGLHYDO YLOODJH OLIH 7KHVH PDUNV LQ WKH ODQGVFDSH ZHUH IRUPHG E\ D SORXJKLQJ V\VWHP ZKLFK ZDV SURPLQHQW LQ WKH PLGGOH DJHV 7KHUH DUH DOVR VHYHUDO SODFHV LQ WKH :ROGV ZLWK H[DPSOHV RI PHGLHYDO PRDWV %ULQNKLOO KDV © FWAG WKUHH Nettleton Ridge and Furrow 0DQ\ RI WKH PHGLHYDO VHWWOHPHQWV ZHUH DEDQGRQHG LQ WKH 1WK DQG 15WK FHQWXULHV GXH WR FKDQJHV LQ FOLPDWH WKH %ODFN 'HDWK IDPLQH DQG FKDQJHV LQ DJULFXOWXUH HVSHFLDOO\ WKH ULVH RI WKH ZRROOHQ LQGXVWU\ WKDW UHTXLUH OHVV ODERXU MESOLITHIC MESOLITHIC NEOLITHIC BRONZE AGE IR 8000 BC 5000BC 4000BC 3000BC 2000BC 1000BC 8000 BC MESOLITHIC5000BC 4000BC NEOLITHIC3000BC 2000BC BRONZE1000 AGEBC IR 8000 BC 5000BC 4000BC 3000BC 2000BC 1000BC End of the Ice Age End of the Ice Age Com Scatters of stone tools are evidence of early human activity Long barrows were Neolithic man's burial sites with many still visible Several hundred Bronze Age round barrows (burial sites) are within the Wolds Com trees Scatters of stone tools are evidence of early human activity Long barrows were Neolithic man's burial sites with many still visible Several hundred Bronze Age round barrows (burial sites) are within the Wolds Com trees Places to visit or see.... • +XEEDUGV +LOOV /RXWK IRU WKH JHRORJ\ DQG &KDON 6WUHDP • %LVFDWKRUSH IRU &KDON 6WUHDP DQG GHVHUWHG PHGLHYDO YLOODJH VLWH • 7HDOE\ IRU 0LOOV DQG OLPHVWRQH • %LQEURRN DQG %URRNHQE\ IRU 5$) +HULWDJH • 7HWIRUG IRU 6SLOVE\ 6DQGVWRQH FKXUFK • .HOVWHUQ DQG /XGIRUG DLUÀHOGV • 1HWWOHWRQ DQG &OD[E\ IRU 1HWWOHWRQ·V &OD[E\ ,URQVWRQH FKXUFK DQG LURQVWRQH PLQLQJ KHULWDJH • :DOHVE\ IRU GHVHUWHG PHGLHYDO YLOODJH VLWH DORQJVLGH ULGJH DQG IXUURZ HDUWKZRUNV • *XQE\ IRU 1DWLRQDO 7UXVW·V *XQE\ +DOO DQG GHVHUWHG PHGLHYDO YLOODJH HDUWKZRUNV • %ULQNKLOO 0RDWV • 6FDPEOHVE\ IRU VLJQV RI PLOOV • 2OG %ROLQJEURNH IRU &DVWOH UXLQV • 6WHQLJRW :RUOG :DU ,, FRPPXQLFDWLRQVUDGDU WRZHU R ON AGE ROMANO- EARLY MEDIEVAL LATER MEDIEVAL POST MEDIEVAL BC 0 AD 500 1000 1500 1900 R ON AGEBC 0 AD ROMANO-BRITISH 500EARLY MEDIEVAL1000 LATER MEDIEVAL1500 POST MEDIEVAL1900 BC 0 AD BRITISH 500 1000 1500 1900 Romans Anglo-Saxons / Anglo-Scandinavian Norman Plantagenet Tudor Stuart Hanoverian Victorian Modern Romans Anglo-Saxons / Anglo-Scandinavian Norman Plantagenet Tudor Stuart Hanoverian Victorian Modern munities continued to clear Romans left theirRomans mark on settlements such as SettlementAnglo-Saxons patterns established. / Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Scandinavian names evident in villages ending with ChangesNorman in farming, climate, diseasePlantagenet and famine were all factors Tudor Stuart Hanoverian VictorianSome miningModern and military munities continued to clear Romans left their mark on settlements such as Settlement patterns established. Anglo-Saxon names evident in villages ending with Changes in farming, climate, disease and famine were all factors Further changes in farming, and Some mining and military s, leaving it almost as open Caistor, Horncastle and Ludford, and important 'ham' and 'ton'. For the Scandinavian influences in names, look for ending in 'by' and leading to many settlements being abandoned creation of field enclosures activity before being as it is today Caistor, Horncastletrade routes and are Ludford, still used and today important 'ham' and 'ton'. For the Scandinavian influences in names, look for ending in 'by' and leading to many settlements being abandoned creation of field enclosures restored to agriculture munitiesas it continuedis today to clear Romanstrade left their routes mark are onstill settlements used today such as Settlement patterns'thorpe'. established. The first census Anglo-Saxon in 1086 names – the Domesdayevident in villages Book ending with Changes in farming, climate, disease and famine were all factors Further changes in farming, and Somerestored mining to agriculture and military s, leaving it almost as open Caistor, Horncastle and Ludford, and important 'ham' and 'ton'. For the Scandinavian influences in names, look for ending in 'by' and leading to many settlements being abandoned creation of field enclosures activity before being as it is today trade routes are still used today 'thorpe'. The first census in 1086 – the Domesday Book restored to agriculture © Lincolnshire Wolds Countryside Service Nettleton Binbrook Claxby Walesby Kelstern Tealby Ludford Hubbards Hills Biscathorpe Stenigot Scamblesby Tetford Brinkhill Gunby Old Bolingbroke Farming through the ages… 7KH ULFK IHUWLOH VRLOV RI WKH /LQFROQVKLUH :ROGV KDYH DWWUDFWHG IDUPHUV IRU FHQWXULHV 7RGD\ 80 RI WKH /LQFROQVKLUH :ROGV LV LQ DUDEOH XVH • Arable: :KHUH IDUPHUV SORXJK WKH ODQG VRZ VHHGV DQG JURZ SODQWV WR KDUYHVW • Pastoral: $QLPDO IDUPLQJ ´3XWWLQJ WKH FRZV RXW WR SDVWXUHµ ,Q PHGLHYDO WLPHV WKH RSHQ ÀHOG V\VWHP ZDV XVHG /RUGV RI WKH 0DQRU SDLG SHDVDQWV WR IDUP ÀHOGV ZKLFK KDG EHHQ GLYLGHG XS LQWR VWULSV 'XULQJ WKH 17WK &HQWXU\ WKH (QFORVXUH $FW EHJDQ WR EH XVHG ZKLFK PHDQW WKDW SHRSOH FRXOG JR WR 3DUOLDPHQW WR EH JLYHQ ODQGRZQHUVKLS ULJKWV 7KLV EURXJKW D UHDO FKDQJH WR WKH ODQGVFDSH ELJ RSHQ FRPPXQDO W ZhiF ÀHOGV EHFDPH IHQFHG DQG KHGJHG RII ERX h IRR N a Gs hiQ \ /RRN RXW IRU KLVWRULF IDUP EXLOGLQJV T RX e a RIWHQ LQ WKH IRUP RI D FUHZ \DUG W W 7KHVH IDUPVWHDGV RIWHQ GDWH R Traditional G WR WKH 9LFWRULDQ KLJK IDUPLQJ a medieval crops \ SHULRG ZKHQ PHFKDQLVDWLRQ W h DQG FURS URWDWLRQ SDWWHUQV OHG would have been a IRU W WR LQFUHDVHG HIÀFLHQF\ :heaW %aUOe\ 2aWs 5\e a U 2iOseeG 5aSe JURZQ e 7KH ODQGVFDSH ZRXOG KDYH OaPS RiO P ORRNHG YHU\ GLIIHUHQW WKHQ DV a Many of these can still G DUHDV RI URXJK JUD]LQJ DQG e be seen today – can I ZDUUHQV GHYHORSHG GXULQJ WKH U R you spot any? P 1WK FHQWXU\ )DUPV ZHUH KLJKO\ W h HIIHFWLYH LQ VKHHS UDEELWV DQG e s :h e e a F DUDEOH IDUPLQJ SURGXFWLRQ U R W S s %a Ule \ 2aWs Ry e Ra p e Signs of the mines… Farming isn’t the only industry which has been established in the Lincolnshire Wolds.