Feasibility Assessment on Forecast-Based Action in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

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Feasibility Assessment on Forecast-Based Action in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT ON FORECAST-BASED ACTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR ပြည်ထ ောင်စု သ搹မတ ပ搹န်搹ောန ုင်ငံထတော်တွင် လုြ်ထောင်န ုင်ထသော လုြ်ထ ောင်ချက်搹ျောျားအတွက်ပြစ်န ုင်ထချရ ထသော န်ျားစစ်搹搹ျော Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola; Finnish Red Cross Tuuli Laitila; Finnish Red Cross Moe Thida Win, Myanmar Red Cross Society October 2020 i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction 1. Myanmar is exposed and vulnerable to various hydro-meteorological hazards which cause serious humanitarian impacts and consequences. To reduce the loss and damage from the hazards requires a shift from disaster response toward forecast based early actions, including innovative instruments, such as the use of Shock Responsive Social Protection measures to increase the resilience of people and communities. 2. Anticipatory Action, that is Forecast-based Action (FbA), Forecast-based Financing (FbF) and Early Warning Early Action (EWEA) are all initiatives which aim at using weather, climate and impact-based forecasts to trigger actions which reduce the loss and damage from hazards. For clarification, this report uses the term Forecast-based Action to describe the initiatives. 3. In Myanmar, the development of an FbA system is on-going as part of the European Union funded project “Scaling up Forecast based Financing/Early Warning Early Action (FbF/EWEA) and Shock Responsive Social Protection (SRSP) with innovative use of climate risk information for disaster resilience in ASEAN”. The project is led by UN FAO, and the consortium includes UNICEF, WFP and the German Red Cross. This project is complemented by various other projects implemented by the project consortium partners. 4. This report presents recommendations for the development of a sustainable FbA system in Myanmar based on a feasibility assessment. The assessment was conducted in February 2020 and the report finalised in October 2020. Key conclusions 5. To conclude, FbA system in Myanmar is feasible due to the efforts from the UN partners on developing the system, and the related technological advances. However, five main issues need to be considered during the development of the system. 6. First, the institutionalisation and upscaling beyond pilot projects and ad-hoc interventions requires government buy-in and joint system development with the government and consortium members. However, there is uncertainty regarding the buy-in from the government. 7. Second, to make the most out of the experience, tools and expertise of the consortium members, a joint approach is needed especially when approaching the government. 8. Third, plenty of risk information and knowledge exists in Myanmar. Therefore, it is possible to identify the most disaster-prone areas for FbA. 9. Fourth, institutionalisation and scaling up beyond pilot projects and ad-hoc interventions requires improved forecasting capabilities and close collaboration with the Myanmar Department of Meteorology and Hydrology. 10. Fifth, the feasibility of FbA initiatives may vary by state and township due to capacities and security reasons. 11. Overcoming these challenges is not an easy task. However, based on the assessment, the consortium can take various steps to ease the buy-in from the government side, make the approach more coherent and to develop the technical requirements for a sustainable system. 12. The consortium members should systematically identify possible synergies in the technical Early Action Protocol development and in geographic areas for pilot initiatives – it was found that some of the members had plans and ideas for initiatives in the same sectors and areas. ii Key recommendations 13. First, the consortium partners should agree on the scale of the joint approach. This implies deciding whether the system aims at a national level, yet flexible FbA system where early actions are implemented in all accessible areas of the country, or smaller scale initiatives in certain, pre-defined locations. 14. Second, the consortium partners are recommended to i) build a common framework for integrated FbA and SRSP; (e.g. identify the minimum requirements for forecast skill, triggers, technical tools, community vulnerability assessments, early actions and potential funding mechanisms for each partner), and ii) agree on terminology with the authorities for a common, translated Myanmar-language term for the approach. 15. Third, the consortium should clarify and agree on the roles, responsibilities and the action plan among the consortium members to enhance synergies. Managing a complex process with multiple stakeholders requires a comprehensive strategic management system with suitable key performance indicators as well as communication and coordination strategies and channels among the consortium members both on the national and regional level. 16. Fourth, each consortium member is encouraged to assess their i) capacity to implement chosen early actions and ii) tolerance for uncertainty and potential consequences for acting in vain, i.e. in locations not affected by the hazard. 17. Fifth, the consortium, most notably WFP as the technical lead, should facilitate an expert assessment of DMH forecasting and warning capacities to deliver credible forecast in a given time for the different identified hazards to have a proper understanding of the forecast skill of DMH. The following report provides a roadmap for a sustainable FbA system for Myanmar. The roadmap is based on the capacities, engagement and plans of consortium partners and other stakeholders, most notably public authorities at various levels of governance, for FbA, and the identification and analysis of the forecast capabilities and availability of disaster risk information. iii လုြ်ငန်ျား搹တ် က်ပခင်ျား 1. မ ျိုးစ ုံသသော သေအောျိုးလပ်စစ ် နငှ ို့် မ ုံျိုးသလဝသဆုံင ေ် ော အနေတ ောယ်တ ုံနို့ ငှ ို့် ၎ငျိုး် တ ုံ၏ို့ သ ောက်ဆက်တ ွဲ ဆုံျိုး ေ ောျိုးသသော လူမကရဏုံ ောဆုံင ေ် ောအက ျိုးသက်သေောက်မန ငှ ို့် အက ျိုးဆက်တအ ုံ ို့ ောျိုး ခစ ောျိုးေပပ ျိုးသ ောက ် မမ မ် ောနင ုံ င် သ ည် သ ျိုးအနေတ ောယ် ခ စောျိုးလ ယ်သသော သ ေောသေသတစ်ခုံ မြစ်လောသည်။ ထသ ုံ ုံသ ို့ သော အနေတ ောယ်မ ောျိုးမှ ထခ ုံက် ခစ ောျိုးေမမ ောျိုးအောျိုး သလ ောခို့ နင ုံ ေ် ် အတ က် သ ျိုးအနေတ ောယ် တမ ုံ ပို့ သ် ေျိုး မတှ ဆင ို့် ေပ်ေ ောလူထ၏ုံ သ ျိုးေဏက် ကို့ ကကို့ ခ နင ုံ စ် မ်ျိုးအောျိုး သထောက်ပ ို့ကူည သပျိုးနင ုံ မ် ည် ို့ လူမသေျိုးေော ကောက ယ်မခင်ျိုးမ ောျိုးအသ ုံျိုးမပ မခင်ျိုးမောျိုး စသညို့် တ ထ င် ကက ဆ ထောျိုးသသော ပစစည်ျိုးကေယောမောျိုး အသုံျိုး မပ မခငျိုး် တ ုံ ို့ ပါဝငသ် သော မြစ်နင ုံ သ် ခ မ ောျိုးမြင ို့် ကက တငလ် ုံပ်သဆောငခ် က် မ ောျိုးထသ ုံ ို့ သမပောင်ျိုးလွဲသေ ွေ့လ ောျိုးေ ် လ ုံအပ်သည်။ 2. မြစ်န ုံင်သခ ရှ သသော လုံပ်သဆောင်ခ က်မ ောျိုး၊ မြစ်န ုံင်သခ ရှ သသော သင စောေင်ျိုးတ က်ခ က်မခင်ျိုး၊ သစောလင်စော ကက တငအ် သ သပျိုးမခငျိုး် တ ုံသို့ ည် သ ျိုးအနေတ ောယ်မ ောျိုးမ ှ မြစ်သပေါ်လောသသော ထခ ုံက်ဆုံျိုး ရျိုး မမ ောျိုးအောျိုး သလ ောခို့ ေ အ် တ က် ေောသဥ တုံ နငှ ို့် ေောသဥ တုံသြောကမ် ပ မ် ခငျိုး် တ ုံသို့ ပေါ်တ င ် အက ျိုးဆက်သပေါ် မူတည်ပပ ျိုး က ဦျိုးစတင်လုံပ်သဆောင်န ုံင်သသောလုံပ်င ်ျိုးစဉ် မ ောျိုးမြစ်သည်။ 3. မမ ်မောနုံင်င တ င် FbA စ စ်ြ ွေ့ ပြ ျိုးတ ုံျိုးတက်သစသေျိုးသည် ဥသေောပ နင ုံ င် မ ောျိုးမပည်သထောငစ် ုံ မှ သထောက်ပ ို့ ကူည သပျိုးလ က်ရှ သသော “အောဆ ယ တ င် သ ော၀သ ျိုးအနတေောယ် ဆ ုံင်ေော သျိုးေဏ်ကက ို့ကက ို့ခနုံင်စမ်ျိုး အတက် က ဦျိုး စတင်လုံပ်သဆောင်ခ က်မ ောျိုးမြစ်သသော ေောသ ဥတုံဆ ုံင်ေော သတင်ျိုး အခက်အလက်မောျိုး အသုံျိုး မပ မခငျိုး် နငှ အို့် တူ ထတ ်လ မ် ခို့ ငျိုး် တ ုံမပို့ သ် ေျိုးအတက ် လူမသေျိုးေော ကောက ယ်မခငျိုး် ၊ မြစ်နင ုံ သ် ခ သပေါ် အသမခခ သသော သငစ ောေငျိုး် တ က်ခ က်မခငျိုး် နငှ ို့် သစောလ ငစ် ော အသသ ပျိုးလုံပ်သဆောငမ် ခငျိုး် မ ောျိုး စ မ်ျိုးသဆောင်ေည်မမငတို့် ငမ် ခငျိုး် ” အမည်ရှ စ မ ခ က်တ င ် တစ်စ တ် တစ်ပ ုံငျိုး် အမြစ် ပါဝင ် လုံပ်သဆောင ် လ က်ရှ သည်။ အဆုံပါစ မ ခ က် အောျိုး ဂ ောမ ကကက်သမခ အသင်ျိုး၊ WFP နငှ ို့် UNICEF တ ုံအို့ ပါအဝင ် UN FAO မှ ဦျိုးသဆောင်လ က်ရှ သည်။ စ မ ခ က်အောျိုး မ တ်ြက် အြ ွဲွေ့အစည်ျိုးမ ောျိုးမှ အမခောျိုးစ မခက်မောျိုး လုံပ်သဆောင်ေင်ျိုးမြင ို့် တပါတည်ျိုး သဆောငေ် က်လ ကရ် ှ သည။် 4. ယခုံ အစ ေင်ခ စောသည် မြစ်န ုံင်သခ ရှ သသော ဆ ်ျိုးစစ်မမ ောျိုး အသပေါ်အသမခခ ကော မမ်မောန ုံင်ငတင် SRSP နငှ ို့် FbA ပူျိုးသပါငျိုး် လပုံ ်သဆောငက် ော ြ ွေ့ ပြ ျိုးတ ုံျိုးတက်သေျိုး နငှ ို့် သေရှည် တည်တ ခို့ င ုံ ပ် မွဲ သစသေျိုးတအ ုံ ို့ တ က ် အကက သပျိုးသ ုံျိုးသပ်မခင်ျိုး မ ောျိုးအောျိုး တင်မပထောျိုးမခင်ျိုးမြစ်သည်။အဆ ုံပါ ဆ ်ျိုးစစ်မသည် သြသြော်ဝါေ လ ၂၀၂၀ ခုံနစှ ်တ င ် စတငခ် ို့ွဲပပ ျိုး အစ ေငခ် စောျိုး ၂၀၂၀ ခုံနစှ ် စက်တင ် ောလတင ် အသခ ောသတ်ခို့ွဲသည်။ အဓ က သံုျားသြ် အန စ်ချြ်搹ျောျား 5. အနှစ်ခ ပ်ေလင် မမ ်မောနုံင်င တင် SRSP စ စ်နငှ ို့် FbA တ ုံ ို့ ပူျိုးသပါငျိုး် သဆောငေ် က်မခငျိုး် သည် UN မ တ်ြက်အြွဲ ွေ့အစည်ျိုးမ ောျိုးမှ စ စ်ြ ွေ့ ပြ ျိုးတ ုံျိုးတက်သေျိုးအတက ် အောျိုးသပျိုးကူည မမ ောျိုး နငှ ို့် သက်ဆုံင ေ် ော ည်ျိုးပညောပ ို့ပ ုံျိုးသပျိုးမမ ောျိုးသကကောင ို့် မြစ်သပေါ်လောနင ုံ သ် ခ ရသှ ည်။ သေုံ ို့ ောတ င ် အဓ က အခ က် (၅) ခ ကအ် ောျိုး အဆုံပါ စ စ် ြ ွေ့ ပြ ျိုးတ ုံျိုးတက်သေျိုးအတ က် ထညို့်သ င်ျိုးစဉ်ျိုးစောျိုးေ ်လုံအပ်သပသည်။ iv 6.
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