DOCSLIB.ORG

Malpighiales

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society for Plant Systematics ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax, Geobot, 63 (3): 155-157 (2013) SHORT COMMUNICATION ANewChromosome Number forBonnetiaceae (Malpighiales) KAZUO OGINuMAIAND HIROSHI ToBE2T* 'Department oj'Environmental Sciences, fuculty qfHuman Lij2r andEnvironmental Science. 2Department U}iiversityofKbchi,Kochi,.1opan; ofBotarulGraduateSchooiofScience, "[email protected],lp)oto-u.ac,ip dyoto UViiversi4}L lvoto 606-8502, Jopan. (Ziuthorfor correspondencel The farnily Bonnetiaceae, comprising 35 species in three genera, is one ofthe nine rnalpighialean fami- lies which are unknown or poorLy known with respect to chromosome numbers, Here we report the first exact chromosome count for the family based on Ploiarium alternijZ)lium, using somatic cells from young leaves. The chromosome number of 2n = 22 indicates the base number of the genus to be x = 11. = Comparisons with other Malpighiales suggest that x 11 has occurred as a homoplasy several times within the orden Key words: Bonnetiaeeae, chromosorne number, Malpighiales, Ptoiarium The Malpighiales are one ofthe largest orders from trees growing in Pasir Paniang, Singapore in angiosperms, consisting of about 16,OOO spe- (voucher: Qginuma & Lum s.n. in 2010, KYO). cies in 40 families distributed worldwide, mainly The methods of pretreatment, fixation, and stain- in the tropics and subtropics, In a preyious paper ing for chromosome observations fo11owed (Oginuma & [Ibbe 2010) we reported the first Oginuma et aL (1992). Three to five cells were ex- chrornosome counts for four families of Malpi- amined to determine the chromosome numbers. ghiales; Irvingiaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Lacistama- The terminology of chromosome morphology taceae, and Peraceae. Chromosome numbers still based on the centromere position fo11ows Levan remain unknown or are poorly understood in the et al. (1964). For comparison with other Malpi- nine fo11owing families: Bonnetiaceae, Centro- ghiales, besides our previous report (Oginuma & rlbbe placaceae, Ctenolophonaceae, Euphroniaceae, 2010), we examined all published data on Goupiaceae, Lophopyxidaceae, Malesherbiace- malpighialean families using Chromosome Num- ae, Medusagynaceae, and Quiinaceae. In this pa- bers ofFlowering Plants by Fedorev (1974), serial per we report a chromosome count of 2n = 22 for publications titled Index to Plant Chremosome Ploiarium alternij2)lium (Vahl) Melchior ofBon- Numbers (IPCN) (Ornduff 1967-1968, Moore netlaceae, 1973-1977), and IPCN Chromosome Reports in Bonnetiaceae are a small family of shrubs, Tropicos (Missouri Botanical Garden) (http:" comprising 35 species in two South American www.tropicos.orglProject!IPCN). genera (Arclp,taea Martius [two species] and The somatic chromosome number of Ploiari- Bonnetia Martius [30 species]) and one Southeast um alternijblium was 2n = 22. The chromosomes Asian genus (Ploiarium Korthals [two or three at metaphase gradually yaried in length from species]) (Stevens 2001 onwards), The only previ- about O.5 to 1.0 ptm. Of the 22 chromosomes, ous chromosome count fbr Bonnetiaceae report- most had a median, submedian or subterminal ed n = ca. 150 for Bonnetia cubensis (Britton)centromere, although the centromeric position of R.A. Howard (Lepper i982). several chromosomes was unclear. Satellites SomaticchromosomesofPloiariumalternij2)-were not observed (Fig. IA, B), The chromosome lium were examined using young leaves collected number 2n = 22 from R alternij2)lium indicates NII-Electronic Library Service The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society for Plant Systematics 156 Acta Phytotax. Geobot Vol. 63 that the generic chromosome base number is x = stituting genera of Podostemaceae, The chromo- 11. Investigations of the chromosomes ofa repre- some number x = 1l, as in Ploiarium, is unknown sentative species ofArclrytaea and Bonnetia are or rare in these families. It has been found in at needed to confirm whetherx = 11 is restricted to least a few unrelated families, i.e., Chrysobalana- the Southeast Asian Ploiarium, ceae,Euphorbiaceae,Lacistemataceae,Rarnesia- The overall phylogenetic relationships within ceae, and Salicaceae. These findings suggest that the Malpighiales are not clearly resolved yet, Re- x = 1 1 has occurred several times as a homoplasy cent molecular analyses, hewever, show that in the Malpighiales, although the original base Bonnetiaceae are sister to Clusiaceae, and that a chromosome number fbr the order is still unceF clade of Bonnetiaceae and Clusiaceae is sister to taln. a strongly supported clade consisting of Calo- References phyllaceae, Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae (Wurdack & Davis 2009; Ruhfe1 et al. 2011; Xi et ai. 2012; see also Soltis et aL 2011). In Clusiaceae Fedorov, A.A. 1974. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants. Otto Koeltz, Koeningstein, (14 genera 595 species), however, diverse chro- Lepper, L. 1982. Beitrtige zur Chromosomen-Dokumen- mosome numbers are recorded from 11 species in tation cubanischer Pflanzensippen 4. Revista Jard, three == generaClusia(2n 56,58,60),Garcinia(n Bot, Nac, Univ, Habana 3: 71-102, = 24, 26, 33; 2n = 48, 72, 80), and AJbrysca (n - 7). Levan, A., K. Fredga & A.A. Sandberg. 1964. Nornencla- Here- Only two of the 11 species in the three genera tureforcentromeric positionofchromesomes. ditas 52: 201-220. have the same chromosome number, n = 24 and Moore, RJ. 1973-1977. Index to plant chromosome num- 2n == 48 in Garcinia, Further investigations of bers. Vdlurnes for 1967-1971 and 1972 published in more species ofthese and other are needed genera 1973 and 1974, respectively. Oosthoek's Uitgesvers- to understand chromosome features ofthe family. maatsschappij B. V. Utrecht; yolume for 1973-74 pub- lished in 1977, Bohn, Scheltema and Holkema, Utre- With regard to related families, chromosome cht,Oginuma, numbers are known fbr two (n = 16; 2n = 42) of K. G, Ibara-Manriques & H, [Ibbe, 1992, the 13 constituting genera of Calophyllaceae, Chremosomes of Tiixtta plittieri (Asteraceae; Heli- from four == 8, 9, 10, 11; 2n = 16, 18, 40) genera (n antheae). Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 43: 135-137. of the nine constituting genera of Hypericaceae, Oginuma, K. & H. Tbbe. 2010. First chromosome counts - for four families of Malpighiales. Acta Phytotax. and seven (2n 20, 26 30, 34, 40) ofthe 48 con- , t s･ ny. .de B h.it e S e"e e' pt '.ny.:t F{a 1.Somatic chromosomes at metaphase in Ploiarium alternijloiium (2n= 22), A: micrograph. B: drawing ofmicrograph in A Scale bar equals 2 "m, NII-Electronic Library Service The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society forforPlant Plant Systematics Apri1 2013 OG]NuMA & ToBE-Chromosome Number for Bonnetiaceae IS7 Geobot.61:49-54. & P.S. Soltis, 2011. Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, Ornduff; R. 1967-1968. tndex to plantchromosorne num- 640 taxa. Amen J. Bot. 98: 704-730. bers. Vblumes for 1965 and 1966 published in l967 Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Web- and 1968, respectively. The International Bureau for site, ver. 8. http:"www.mobot.orgfMOBOTIresearchf Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature, Utrecht. APwebl [accessed October 24, 2012]. Ruhfe1, B.R., V. Bittrich, C.P. Bove, M.H,G, Gustafsson, Wurdack, K.J. & C.C. Davis. 2009. Malpighiales phylo- C,T. Philbrick, R. Rutishauser, Z, Xi & C.C. Davis. genetics: gaining ground on one of the most recalci- 201l. Phylogeny ofthe clusioid clade (Malphigiaies): tfant clades in the angiosperm tree of life, Amer, J. evidence from the plastid and mitochondrial ge- Bot. 96: 15Sl-1570. nomes. Amer, J. Bot. 98: 306-325. Xi, Z. B.R. Ruhfe1, H. Schaefer, A,M. Amorim, M, Sug- Soltis, D.E., S.A. Smith, N. Cellinese, K,J. Wu rdack, D.C. umaran, K.J. Wurdack, P.K. Endress, M,L, Mat- r[lank, S,F, Brockington, N.F. Refulio-Rodriguez, J.B. thews, P,F, Stevens, S,Mathews & C,C, Davis, 2012, Walker, M.J. Moore, B.S. Carlsward, C.D. Bell, M. Phylogenomics and a posteriori data partitiening re- Latvis, S. Crawley, C, Black, D, Diouf,Z. Xi, C,A. solve the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation Malpighi- Rushworth, M.A, Gitzendanner, K.J. Sytsma, Y=L. ales. Proc. Natl. Acad, Sci. U,S.A, (early edition, ac- Qiu, K,W. Hilu, C.C. Davis, M.J. Sanderson, R.S. cessed October 24, 201 2), Beaman, R.G. Olmstead, W.S. Judcl, M.J. Donoghue Received October 3i, 20f2; accepted ?Vbvember 26, 20J2 NII-Electronic Library Service.
Recommended publications
  • Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of Violaceae from an Anatomical and Morphological Perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St

    Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of Violaceae from an Anatomical and Morphological Perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St

    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Theses Graduate Works 8-7-2011 Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Hoyos, Saul Ernesto, "Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective" (2011). Theses. 50. http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/50 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Saul E. Hoyos Gomez MSc. Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, 2011 Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science July 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. Chairperson Peter Jorgensen, Ph.D. Richard Keating, Ph.D. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASAL EVOLUTION OF VIOLACEAE FROM AN ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Saul Hoyos Introduction The violet family, Violaceae, are predominantly tropical and contains 23 genera and upwards of 900 species (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert and Ballard 2010 in press). The family is monophyletic (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert & Ballard 2010 in press), even though phylogenetic relationships within Violaceae are still unclear (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008). The family embrace a great diversity of vegetative and floral morphologies. Members are herbs, lianas or trees, with flowers ranging from strongly spurred to unspurred.
  • Marketplace Plants Used in Ceremonial Cleansing Among Andean Qechuans of Ecuador

    Marketplace Plants Used in Ceremonial Cleansing Among Andean Qechuans of Ecuador

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Marshall University Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2007 Marketplace plants used in ceremonial cleansing among Andean Qechuans of Ecuador Sushma Shrestha Follow this and additional works at: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Folklore Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Shrestha, Sushma, "Marketplace plants used in ceremonial cleansing among Andean Qechuans of Ecuador" (2007). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1275. https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1275 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Marketplace plants used in ceremonial cleansing among Andean Qechuans of Ecuador Thesis submitted to The Graduate School of Marshall University In partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences by Sushma Shrestha Dr. Dan K. Evans, Ph.D., Chairperson Dr. Charles Somerville, Ph.D. Dr. Tom Pauley, Ph.D. Marshall University 2007 ii TO MY FAMILY and INDIGINOUS PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to Dr. Evans for further igniting my interest in plant and indigenous people. I appreciate all your help in Ecuador and here during the research and beyond with both academic and financial support for the work. You are a wonderful professor, advisor and a travel companion.
  • Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic

    Alphabetical Lists of the Vascular Plant Families with Their Phylogenetic

    Colligo 2 (1) : 3-10 BOTANIQUE Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers Listes alphabétiques des familles de plantes vasculaires avec leurs numéros de classement phylogénétique FRÉDÉRIC DANET* *Mairie de Lyon, Espaces verts, Jardin botanique, Herbier, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France - [email protected] Citation : Danet F., 2019. Alphabetical lists of the vascular plant families with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Colligo, 2(1) : 3- 10. https://perma.cc/2WFD-A2A7 KEY-WORDS Angiosperms family arrangement Summary: This paper provides, for herbarium cura- Gymnosperms Classification tors, the alphabetical lists of the recognized families Pteridophytes APG system in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms Ferns PPG system with their phylogenetic classification numbers. Lycophytes phylogeny Herbarium MOTS-CLÉS Angiospermes rangement des familles Résumé : Cet article produit, pour les conservateurs Gymnospermes Classification d’herbier, les listes alphabétiques des familles recon- Ptéridophytes système APG nues pour les ptéridophytes, les gymnospermes et Fougères système PPG les angiospermes avec leurs numéros de classement Lycophytes phylogénie phylogénétique. Herbier Introduction These alphabetical lists have been established for the systems of A.-L de Jussieu, A.-P. de Can- The organization of herbarium collections con- dolle, Bentham & Hooker, etc. that are still used sists in arranging the specimens logically to in the management of historical herbaria find and reclassify them easily in the appro- whose original classification is voluntarily pre- priate storage units. In the vascular plant col- served. lections, commonly used methods are systema- Recent classification systems based on molecu- tic classification, alphabetical classification, or lar phylogenies have developed, and herbaria combinations of both.
  • Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project

    Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project

    Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al.
  • Irvingia Gabonensis Irvingiaceae (Aubrey-Lecomte Ex O. Rorke) Baill

    Irvingia Gabonensis Irvingiaceae (Aubrey-Lecomte Ex O. Rorke) Baill

    Irvingia gabonensis (Aubrey-Lecomte ex O. Rorke) Baill. Irvingiaceae dika nut LOCAL NAMES English (wild mango,native mango,duiker nut,bush mango,bread tree,African mango tree); French (manguier sauvage,bobo); Hausa (goron,biri); Igbo (obono); Trade name (dika nut); Yoruba (oro) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Irvingia gabonensis grows to a height of 15-40 m, bole slightly buttressed. It has a dense, compact crown, branchlets ending in a narrow, curved, stipular sheath covering the leaf bud. Bark greyish, smooth or very slightly scaly; slash yellowish-brown to light yellow, brittle. Fruit on three-year-old trees in Onne, Nigeria (Anthony Simons) Leaves 5-15 x 2.5-6 cm, elliptic to slightly obovate, 1 margin often a little more rounded than the other, acute or shortly acuminate, cuneate or slightly rounded at the base; leathery dark green and glossy above; with 5- 10 pairs of irregular lateral veins, the lower ones running out nearly to the margin. Flowers yellowish to greenish-white, in slender, clustered racemes or small panicles above the leaves and about as long as them, or on the branchlets and younger branchlets; individual flower stalks slender, about 6 mm long, petals bent right back and soon falling off, disc bright yellow. Tree in degraded forest near Port Harcourt, Fruits yellowish when ripe, broadly ellipsoid and variable in size between Nigeria. (Anthony Simons) varieties, 5-7.5 cm with a yellow, fibrous pulp surrounding a large seed. The genus name commemorates E.G. Irving, 1816-1855, a Scots botanist. BIOLOGY I. gabonensis is hermaphroditic, with flowers being pollinated by Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera.
  • Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes

    Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes

    Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M.
  • Plant Diversity Assessments in Tropical Forest of SE Asia

    Plant Diversity Assessments in Tropical Forest of SE Asia

    August 18, 2015, 6th International Barcode of Life Conference Barcodes to Biomes Plant Diversity Assessments in tropical forest of SE Asia Tetsukazu Yahara Center for Asian Conservation Ecology & Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society Kyushu University, Japan Goal: assessing plant species loss under the rapid deforestation in SE Asia Laumonier et al. (2010) Outline • Assessing trends of species richness, PD and community structure in 32 permanent plots of 50m x 50m in Cambodia • Recording status of all the vascular plant species in 100m x 5m plots placed in Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia • Assessing extinction risks in some representative groups: case studies in Bauhinia and Dalbergia (Fabaceae) Deforestation in Cambodia Sep. 2010 Jan. 2011 Recently, tropical lowland forest of Cambodia is rapidly disappearing; assessments are urgently needed. Locations of plot surveys in Cambodia Unknown taxonomy of plot trees Top et al. (2009); 88 spp (36%) of 243 spp. remain unidentified. Top et al. (2009); many species are mis-identified. Use of DNA barcodes/phylogenetic tree 32 Permanent plots in Kg. Thom 347 species Bayesian method 14 calibration points Estimated common ancestor of Angiosperms 159 Ma 141-199 Ma (Bell et al. 2010) Scientific name: ???? rbcL Local name: Kro Ob Ixonanthes chinensis (544/545) Specimen No.: 2002 Ixonanthes reticulata (556/558) Cyrillopsis paraensis (550/563) Power point slides are prepared for all the plot tree species Scientific name: Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthes reticulata Jack Bokor 240m Local name: Tromoung Sek Phnom matK Ixonanthes chinensis (747/754) Gaps= 0/754 No. 4238 Ixonanthes reticulata (746/754) Gaps= 0/754 # Syn. = Ixonanthes cochinchinensis Pierrei Cyrillopsis paraensis (710/754) Gaps= 0/754“ Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthes reticulata Jack 4238 Specimen image from Kew Herbarium Catalogue http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoHomePage.do Taxonomic papers & Picture Guides Toyama et al.
  • Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St

    Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St

    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-30-2008 Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sweeney, Patrick Wayne, "Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae)" (2008). Dissertations. 539. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/539 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS AND FLORAL EVOLUTION IN THE PLANT GENUS GARCINIA (CLUSIACEAE) by PATRICK WAYNE SWEENEY M.S. Botany, University of Georgia, 1999 B.S. Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1994 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY with an emphasis in Plant Systematics November, 2007 Advisory Committee Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter F. Stevens, Ph.D. P. Mick Richardson, Ph.D. Barbara A. Schaal, Ph.D. © Copyright 2007 by Patrick Wayne Sweeney All Rights Reserved Sweeney, Patrick, 2007, UMSL, p. 2 Dissertation Abstract The pantropical genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), a group comprised of more than 250 species of dioecious trees and shrubs, is a common component of lowland tropical forests and is best known by the highly prized fruit of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.). The genus exhibits as extreme a diversity of floral form as is found anywhere in angiosperms and there are many unresolved taxonomic issues surrounding the genus.
  • New Records and Rediscoveries of Plants in Singapore

    New Records and Rediscoveries of Plants in Singapore

    Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 70 (1): 67–90. 2018 67 doi: 10.26492/gbs70(1).2018-08 New records and rediscoveries of plants in Singapore R.C.J. Lim1, S. Lindsay1, D.J. Middleton2, B.C. Ho2, P.K.F. Leong2, M.A. Niissalo2, P.C. van Welzen3, H.-J. Esser4, S.K. Ganesan2, H.K. Lua5, D.M. Johnson6, N.A. Murray6, J. Leong-Škorničková2, D.C. Thomas2 & Ali Ibrahim2 1Native Plant Centre, Horticulture and Community Gardening Division, National Parks Board, 100K Pasir Panjang Road, 118526, Singapore [email protected] 2Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore 3Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden 4Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Straße 67, München D-80638, Germany 5National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore 6Department of Botany & Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43015, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. The city-state of Singapore continues to provide many new records and rediscoveries of plant species in its nature reserves, offshore islands and secondary forests. Eleven new records for Singapore and eight rediscoveries of species previously presumed nationally extinct are reported here along with national conservation assessments. The new records are Albertisia crassa Forman, Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr., Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Roxb.) Thwaites, Dendrokingstonia nervosa (Hook.f. & Thomson) Rauschert, Dipterocarpus chartaceus Symington, Haplopteris sessilifrons (Miyam. & H.Ohba) S.Linds., Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh, Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir., Spermacoce parviceps (Ridl.) I.M.Turner, Sphaeropteris trichodesma (Scort.) R.M.Tryon and Uvaria micrantha (A.DC.) Hook.f. & Thomson. The rediscoveries are Callerya dasyphylla (Miq.) Schot, Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC., Lecananthus erubescens Jack, Loeseneriella macrantha (Korth.) A.C.Sm., Mapania squamata (Kurz) C.B.Clarke, Plagiostachys lateralis (Ridl.) Ridl., Scolopia macrophylla (Wight & Arn.) Clos and Spatholobus maingayi Prain ex King.
  • The Evolutionary Fate of Rpl32 and Rps16 Losses in the Euphorbia Schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) Plastome Aldanah A

    The Evolutionary Fate of Rpl32 and Rps16 Losses in the Euphorbia Schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) Plastome Aldanah A

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The evolutionary fate of rpl32 and rps16 losses in the Euphorbia schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) plastome Aldanah A. Alqahtani1,2* & Robert K. Jansen1,3 Gene transfers from mitochondria and plastids to the nucleus are an important process in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Plastid (pt) gene losses have been documented in multiple angiosperm lineages and are often associated with functional transfers to the nucleus or substitutions by duplicated nuclear genes targeted to both the plastid and mitochondrion. The plastid genome sequence of Euphorbia schimperi was assembled and three major genomic changes were detected, the complete loss of rpl32 and pseudogenization of rps16 and infA. The nuclear transcriptome of E. schimperi was sequenced to investigate the transfer/substitution of the rpl32 and rps16 genes to the nucleus. Transfer of plastid-encoded rpl32 to the nucleus was identifed previously in three families of Malpighiales, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. An E. schimperi transcript of pt SOD-1- RPL32 confrmed that the transfer in Euphorbiaceae is similar to other Malpighiales indicating that it occurred early in the divergence of the order. Ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) is encoded in the plastome in most angiosperms but not in Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. Substitution of the E. schimperi pt rps16 was likely due to a duplication of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-targeted rps16 resulting in copies dually targeted to the mitochondrion and plastid. Sequences of RPS16-1 and RPS16-2 in the three families of Malpighiales (Salicaceae, Passiforaceae and Euphorbiaceae) have high sequence identity suggesting that the substitution event dates to the early divergence within Malpighiales.
  • Taxonomic Revision of Selected Problem Groups of the Genus Clutia in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa by Andani Robert Madzinge (218024650)

    Taxonomic Revision of Selected Problem Groups of the Genus Clutia in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa by Andani Robert Madzinge (218024650)

    COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012). Title of the thesis or dissertation (Doctoral Thesis / Master’s Dissertation). Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/102000/0002 (Accessed: 22 August 2017). Taxonomic revision of selected problem groups of the genus Clutia in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa By Andani Robert Madzinge (218024650) Dissertation Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae (MSc) In Botany In the Faculty of Science at the University of Johannesburg South Africa Supervisor: Prof. A.N. Moteetee (UJ) Co-supervisor: Prof M. Van der Bank (UJ) Co-supervisor: Dr R.H. Archer (SANBI) January 2021 DECLARATION I, Andani Robert Madzinge, declare that this dissertation submitted by me for the degree of Masters of Science in Botany at the department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology in the faculty of Science at the University of Johannesburg is my own work in design and in execution. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination at this or any other academic institution and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references.
  • Phylogeny of Rosids! ! Rosids! !

    Phylogeny of Rosids! ! Rosids! !

    Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Alnus - alders A. rubra A. rhombifolia A. incana ssp. tenuifolia Alnus - alders Nitrogen fixation - symbiotic with the nitrogen fixing bacteria Frankia Alnus rubra - red alder Alnus rhombifolia - white alder Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia - thinleaf alder Corylus cornuta - beaked hazel Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Ostrya virginiana - eastern hophornbeam Phylogeny of Rosids! Rosids! ! ! ! ! Eurosids I Eurosids II Vitaceae Saxifragales Eurosids I:! Eurosids II:! Zygophyllales! Brassicales! Celastrales! Malvales! Malpighiales! Sapindales! Oxalidales! Myrtales! Fabales! Geraniales! Rosales! Cucurbitales! Fagales! After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374! Fagaceae (Beech or Oak family) ! Fagaceae - 9 genera/900 species.! Trees or shrubs, mostly northern hemisphere, temperate region ! Leaves simple, alternate; often lobed, entire or serrate, deciduous