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ROMANIZATION and SOME CILICIAN CULTS by HUGH ELTON (BIAA)
ROMANIZATION AND SOME CILICIAN CULTS By HUGH ELTON (BIAA) This paper focuses on two sites from central Cilicia in Anatolia, the Cory cian Cave and Kanhdivane, to make some comments about religion and Romanization. From the Corycian Cave, a pair of early third-century AD altars are dedicated to Zeus Korykios, described as Victorious (Epinikios), Triumphant (Tropaiuchos), and the Harvester (Epikarpios), and to Hermes Korykios, also Victorious, Triumphant, and the Harvester. The altars were erected for 'the fruitfulness and brotherly love of the Augusti', suggesting they come from the period before Geta's murder, i.e. between AD 209 and 212. 1 These altars are unremarkable and similar examples are common else where, so these altars can be interpreted as showing the homogenising effect of the Roman Empire. But behind these dedications, however, may lie a re ligious tradition stretching back to the second millennium BC. At the second site, Kanhdivane, a tomb in the west necropolis was accompanied by a fu nerary inscription erected by Marcus Ulpius Knos for himself and his family, probably in the second century AD. Marcus then added, 'but if anyone damages or opens [the tomb] let him pay to the treasury of Zeus 1000 [de narii] and to the Moon (Selene) and to the Sun (Helios) above 1000 [denarii] and let him be subject to the curses also of the Underground Gods (Kata chthoniai Theoi). ' 2 When he wanted to threaten retribution, Knos turned to a local group of gods. As at the Corycian Cave, Knos' actions may preserve traces of pre-Roman practices, though within a Roman framework. -
Ms 4. Yüzyilda Isauria Eyaleti'nin Siyasal Ve Idari
MS 4. YÜZYILDA ISAURIA EYALETİ’NİN SİYASAL VE İDARİ YAPISI MEHMET KURT* Giriş Antik Isauria, Anadolu’nun güneyinde doğudan Kilikia Trakheia/Kilikia Aspera (Dağlık Kilikia), batıdan Pamphylia ve kuzeyden de Lykaonia ile sınır- lanmış oldukça dağlık bir bölgedir (Harita)1. Bölgenin özellikle Toros dağlarının batı kesimlerinde yer alan bölümü son derece engebeli olup, akarsular tarafından parçalanmış çok sayıda vadi ve kanyondan oluşmaktadır. Bu durumunun istisna- larını ise kıyı kesimi ve Kalykadnos (Göksu) Vadisi oluşturmaktadır. Hierokles2’in Isauria Eyaleti’nin metropolis Seleukeia olmak üzere 23 kentini sıraladığı listeden ve Constantinus Porphyrogenitus3’un saymış olduğu Isauria dekapolisinden de açıkça * Doç. Dr., Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, Karaman/ TÜRKİYE, [email protected] 1 W. Ruge, “Isauria”, RE IX/2, 1916, s. 2056. Isauria ve Isaurialılar hakkında detaylı bilgi ve literatür için bkz. J. Matthews, The Romans Empire of Ammianus with a new introduction, Michigan Classical Press, London 1989, ss. 355-367; B. D. Shaw, “Bandit Highlands and Lowland: The Mountains of Isauria-Cilicia”, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient XXXIII/3, 1990, ss. 237-270; N. Lenski, “Assimilation and Revolt in the Territory of Isauria, from the 1st Century BC to the 6th Century AD”, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient XLII/4, 1999, ss. 413-465; S. Dmitriev, “Observations on the Historical Geography of Roman Lycaonia”, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 41, 2000, ss. 350-357. Haritanın hazırlanmasında J. Matthews, The Roman Empire of Ammianus with a new Introduction, s. 356, Map 8’den faydalanılmıştır. 2 Hierok. 708.1-710.9’da kıyı ve iç Isauria’da yer alan 23 kent şu şekilde sıralanmaktadır: Seleucia metropolis, Celesdere, Anemurium, Titiopolis, Lamus, Antiochia, Juliosebaste, Cestri, Selinus, Iotape, Diocaesarea, Olbe, Claudiopolis, Hieropolis, Dalisandus, Germanicopolis, Irenopolis, Philadelphia, Moloe, Darasus, Zeede, Neapolis, Lauzados. -
THE REACH of the ROMAN EMPIRE in ROUGH CILICIA by HUGHW.ELTON
THE ECONOMIC FRINGE: THE REACH OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN ROUGH CILICIA By HUGHW.ELTON Many discussions of the Roman economy are rather vague about what they mean by 'Roman'. Phrases such as 'Roman Europe' or 'the Roman Empire' often blur two different concepts, that of the cultures of Iron Age Europe and the political institution of the Roman Empire. Cultures in Iron Age Europe varied widely. The Welsh uplands or the Atlas mountains, for example, had an aceramic culture with few public buildings, though were mIed directly by Rome for several centuries. Other regions, not under Roman control, like the regions across the middle Danube, showed higher concentrations of Mediterranean consumer goods and coins than some of these aceramic areas. 1 In Mesopotamia, many societies were urban and literate, not differing in this respect from those in Italy or Greece. Thus, determining what was imperial Roman territory by archaeological criteria alone is very difficult? But these archaeological criteria are important for two reasons. First, they allow us to analyse the cultural and economic changes that occurred in Iron Age Europe between 100 B.C. and A.D. 250. Second, they allow for the possibility of change within Europe that was not caused by the Roman state? Unlike cultures within Iron Age Europe, the Roman Empire was a political structure, imposed by force and dedicated to extracting benefits for the mling elite of the city of Rome.4 As the empire developed and matured, its form changed, but it was never about the mIed, only the rulers. If we accept that the Empire was a political, not an archaeological, structure, it follows that an examination of 'Impact of Empire: Transformation of Economic Life', has to mean an examination of the impact of the Roman imperial state. -
Board of Missions
PROCEEDING-S OF THE BOARD OF MISSIONS OF TH E PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, A T T H E IH iFttst gftfronfal Sttnttna, Held in the City o f Philadelphia, on the 6th day of September, A. D. 1838, and continued by adjournments to the 11th of the same month. TOGETHEB WITH THE REPORTS OF TH E DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN COMMITTEES, THE REPORT OF THE BOARD TO THE GENERAL CONVENTION, AND TH E REPORT OF A SPECIAL COMMITTEE, MADE BY THE REV. DR. JARVIS. NEW-YORK: t PRINTED BY WILLIAM OSBORN, 88 William-street. M DCCC XXXVIII. PROCEEDINGS OF T H E BOARD OF MISSIONS. TRIENNIAL MEETING. Philadelphia, September 6, 1838. T h e Triennial Meeting of the Board of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, was held this day at St. Andrew’s church, at 5 o’clock, P. M. Present: The Rt.Rev. Bishops Moore, Bowen, Chase, Brow nell, H. U. Onderdonk, Meade, B. T. Onderdonk, M‘Ilvaine, Doane, and McCoskry;—The Rev. Messrs. Allen, Anthon, Boyd, Burroughs, Carder, Croswell, De Lancey, Dorr, Dunn, Ducachet, Edson, Forbes, Hawks, Jackson, Jarvis, Johns, Jones, Mason, Mead, Milnor, Morehouse, Prestman, Rodney, Tyng, Vaughan, Watson, and the Secretary,—Messrs. Ec- cleston. Huntington, Lovell, Morris, Newton, Nicklin, Stuy- vesant and Wharton. The Rt. Rev. Bishop Moore opened the meeting with prayer. The roll having been called, it was on motion of the Se cretary, Resolved, That the reading of the minutes of the last meeting be dispensed with. The Rev. Mr. Vaughan, the Secretary and General Agent of the Foreign Committee, reported that Henry I. -
NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus
NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff About NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff Title: NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf203.html Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Print Basis: New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892 Source: Logos Inc. Rights: Public Domain Status: This volume has been carefully proofread and corrected. CCEL Subjects: All; Proofed; Early Church; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. Fathers of the Church, etc. NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Philip Schaff Historical Writings Table of Contents About This Book. p. ii Title Page.. p. 1 Preface.. p. 2 The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret.. p. 3 Title Page.. p. 3 Translator©s Preface.. p. 3 Chronological Tables to accompany the History and Life of Theodoret.. p. 4 Prolegomena.. p. 9 Parentage, Birth, and Education.. p. 9 Episcopate at Cyrus.. p. 13 Relations with Nestorius and to Nestorianism.. p. 15 Under the Ban of Theodosius and of the Latrocinium.. p. 19 Theodoret and Chalcedon.. p. 22 Retirement after Chalcedon, and Death.. p. 24 The Condemnation of ªthe Three Chapters.º. p. 26 The Works of Theodoret.. p. 28 Contents and Character of the Extant Works.. p. 30 Manuscripts and Editions of Separate Works.. p. 41 The Anathemas of Cyril in Opposition to Nestorius.. p. 42 Counter-statements of Theodoret.. p. 43 The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret.. p. 52 Book I. p. 52 Prologue.--Design of the History. -
Salaminius Hermias Sozomenus – the Ecclesiastical History
0450-0450 – Salaminius Hermias Sozomenus – The Ecclesiastical History The Ecclesiastical History, comprising a History of the Church, from A.D. 323 to A.D. 425 this file has been downloaded from http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf202.html NPNF (V2-02) Socrates Scholasticus THE 179 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF SOZOMEN, COMPRISING A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH, FROM A.D. 323 TO A.D. 425. TRANSLATED FROM THE GREEK. Revised by CHESTER D. HARTRANFT, HARTFORD THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 191 Introduction. ———————————— Salaminius Hermias Sozomen ———————————— Part I.—The Life. 326 NPNF (V2-02) Socrates Scholasticus The name is an unusual and difficult one. It seems desirable to give preference to the order which Photius adopts, but to preserve the spelling in Nicephorus Callistus, and in the captions of the chief manuscripts, and therefore to call him Salaminius Hermias Sozomen. What the term Salaminius indicates, cannot yet be accurately determined. There are no data to show any official connection of Sozomen with Salamis opposite Athens, or Salamis (Constantia) in Cyprus; certainly there is no record of any naval service. In vi. 32, where he speaks of the greater lights of monasticism in Palestine, Hilarion, Hesychas, and Epiphanius, he remarks, “At the same period in the monasteries, Salamines, Phuscon, Malachion, Crispion, four brethren, were highly distinguished.” In the tart controversy between Epiphanius and the empress, the latter had said, “You have not power to revive the dead; otherwise your archdeacon would not have died.” Sozomen explains, “She alluded to Crispion, the archdeacon, who had died a short time previously; he was brother to Phuscon and Salamanus, monks whom I had occasion to mention when detailing the history of events under the reign of Valens” (viii. -
ECCLESIAE OCCIDENTALIS MONUMENTA IURIS ANTIQUISSIMA Ed
ECCLESIAE OCCIDENTALIS MONUMENTA IURIS ANTIQUISSIMA ed. C.H. Turner (Oxford, 1899-1939) Index of Names and Selected Words Corrected, revised, and extended 2008 by Philip R. Amidon, S.J. Creighton University [email protected] It has seemed opportune to republish this index in a corrected and extended version; there has been added to the list of names a list of selected words, and the method of referring to the text has been somewhat altered. The exact scope of C.H. Turner’s masterpiece is not immediately apparent from its title or subtitles (Canonum et conciliorum graecorum interpretationes latinae; Canones et concilia graeca ab antiquis interpretibus latine reddita). What one in fact finds here is an edition of the earliest surviving collections of church canons in Latin which are undoubtedly from the fourth century or have been assigned to it by at least some consensus of scholarship; some of them are translations from Greek, while others were originally drafted in Latin itself. Most of them, with the exception of the Apostolic Constitutions and Canons, are attributed to church councils. Turner, however, also offers a selection of doctrinal and historical material of enormous value, some of it indeed connected to the councils whose canons he edits; a comparison, for instance, of the creed contained in the synodical letter of the Council of Sardica with the Tomus Damasi, will suggest how far the doctrinal education of the western church advanced during the course of the fourth century. The connection of other historical matter to the canons is less obvious, however; one wonders what the Athanasian Historia acephala is doing here (granted that it is part of the collection of Theodosius the Deacon), however grateful one is to have the edition. -
Coins and Hoards
. chapter one . Coins and Hoards Kevin Butcher INTRODUCTION respectively. The latter two issues were probably produced at Antioch rather than Zeugma itself.5 Although intermit- The assemblage of 790 coins presented here is largely the tent, the size of some of the bronze issues may have been product, directly or indirectly, of a major trauma in the his- large, but Zeugma was not a particularly important civic tory of settlement at Zeugma: the mid-third-century sack mint and neighboring cities such as Hierapolis and Samo- by the Sasanian forces of Shapur I.1 Buildings were burned, sata issued significant quantities of coin more frequently. abandoned, and collapsed, and coins were deposited, either In fact, just before the Sasanian sack it seems that the coin- singly or in groups, in the process. The event and its after- age of neighboring Edessa predominated at Zeugma over math led to the deposition of a range of objects that might the city’s own issues. not otherwise have found their way into the archaeologi- cal record. This includes a number of hoards of silver and bronze coins. AppROACHING THE ZEUGMA FINDS The material from Zeugma invites comparison with the site of Dura-Europos further downstream on the Euphra- The numismatic material can be divided into two categories: tes, which was also sacked by the Sasanians in the same single finds and hoards. It is generally accepted that these period, and where excavations produced a very large sam- are different sorts of evidence. If someone were to analyze ple of coins, published by Alfred Bellinger.2 Indeed, there coin use at a site without distinguishing single finds from are notable similarities: a large number of coins of Edessa; a hoard coins, numismatists might rightly admonish him or significant number of coins from Pontus and the Pelopon- her for doing so. -
The University of Chicago the Spaces Between the Teeth
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE SPACES BETWEEN THE TEETH: ENVIRONMENT, SETTLEMENT, AND INTERACTION ON THE ISLAMIC-BYZANTINE FRONTIER VOLUME ONE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY A. ASA EGER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2008 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE SPACES BETWEEN THE TEETH: ENVIRONMENT, SETTLEMENT, AND INTERACTION ON THE ISLAMIC-BYZANTINE FRONTIER VOLUME TWO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY A. ASA EGER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ xiii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ xvi ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................ -
Theological Studies JANUARY, 1914 DOCUMENTS CANONS ATTRIBUTED to the COUNCIL of CON
The journal of Theological Studies JANUARY, 1914 DOCUMENTS CANONS ATTRIBUTED TO THE COUNCIL OF CON . STANTINOPLE, A.D. 381, TOGETHER WITH THE NAMES OF THE BISHOPS, FROM TWO PATMOS MSS POB' POr'. IN the year 1898 I was enabled, through the good offices of my colleague Mr D. G. Hogarth, at that time Director of the British School at Athens, to obtain a transcript of a good deal of the matter contained in two MSS at Patmos, POB' and POi''-sister MSS, each of them written somewhere about A.D. Soo-which are our oldest witnesses to the text of the Greek Canon Law. So far as I know, they have never been employed by any editor; and I myself had only made occasional use of my transcript, as a check on the printed texts, when I wanted to know what was the Greek original underlying any particular passage of the Latin versions of the councils. It was only when I had it in my mind to propose to the Clarendon Press the publication of a manual edition of the early Greek canons (that is, of the fourth and fifth centuries) that I examined my material more closely. The most obvious difference between Greek and Latin MSS of Canons, taken in the mass, is the striking resemblance of the former among themselves contrasted with the almost in{inite degrees of divergence from one another which prevail in the latter. The contents of Greek canonical MSS are always more or less the same : the greater surprise was it to find in the Patmos MSS a series of canons attributed to the Council of Constantinople (A.D. -
Tesi Rosaci Fabiana.Docx
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MESSINA DIPARTIMENTO DI CIVILTÀ ANTICHE E MODERNE DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE STORICHE ARCHEOLOGICHE E FILOLOGICHE CICLO XXXIII L’ascesa e il declino politico degli Isauri nel V secolo d.C. Tesi di dottorato di: Fabiana Rosaci Docente Tutor: Chiar.ma prof.ssa Elena Caliri TRIENNIO 2017 – 2020 A tutti i miei “briganti” del Familiari “piante tra i sassi” in questi ultimi quattro anni … 2 Indice I. Introduzione 5 1.1 l’Isauria tra Repubblica e Impero 13 II. La Regio Isauria in età tardoantica 26 2.1 L’Isauria nella Notitia Dignitatum 26 2.1.1 Una regio di frontiera 31 2.2 Una terra di latrones e briganti 39 2.2.1 Note per una fenomenologia del banditismo isaurico 53 2.3 La dinamica economica 62 III. L’ascesa politica degli Isauri 80 3.1 Lo status quaestionis 80 3.2 Candido, Malco e le altre fonti letterarie 85 3.3 Il potere economico – militare degli Isauri nel V secolo 104 3.4 I prodromi dell’ascesa: il magister militum Flavio Zenone 116 3.5 Isauri e “Germani”: scontri di potere a Costantinopoli 122 3.5.1 La spedizione contro i Vandali (468 d.C.) 132 3.6 Illo e l’entourage neoplatonico: i rapporti con Pamprepio 137 IV. Zenone l’Isauro 150 4.1 Tarasicodissa, il genero dell’Imperatore Leone I 150 4.2 Μόνος καὶ κοινός αὐτοκράτωρ 158 4.3 I tentativi di fronda 173 4.3.1 L’usurpazione di Basilisco 173 4.3.2 La rivolta di Illo 180 4.3.3 Marciano, il marito della “porfirogenita” 197 4.4 Le relazioni con i Goti 201 4.4.1 Teoderico l’Amalo in Italia: un cliens di Zenone? 213 3 4.5 Aspetti religiosi del regno di Zenone 225 4.5.1 La pubblicazione dell’Henotikon e lo “scisma acaciano” 226 4.5.2 “Indefatigable church – builder”: brevi note di evergetismo 236 religioso 4.6 La politica economica di Zenone 242 4.7 La successione a Zenone e il declino degli Isauri (492 – 497 d.C.) 256 V. -
ATLAS of CLASSICAL HISTORY
ATLAS of CLASSICAL HISTORY EDITED BY RICHARD J.A.TALBERT London and New York First published 1985 by Croom Helm Ltd Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 1985 Richard J.A.Talbert and contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Atlas of classical history. 1. History, Ancient—Maps I. Talbert, Richard J.A. 911.3 G3201.S2 ISBN 0-203-40535-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-71359-1 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-03463-9 (pbk) Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Also available CONTENTS Preface v Northern Greece, Macedonia and Thrace 32 Contributors vi The Eastern Aegean and the Asia Minor Equivalent Measurements vi Hinterland 33 Attica 34–5, 181 Maps: map and text page reference placed first, Classical Athens 35–6, 181 further reading reference second Roman Athens 35–6, 181 Halicarnassus 36, 181 The Mediterranean World: Physical 1 Miletus 37, 181 The Aegean in the Bronze Age 2–5, 179 Priene 37, 181 Troy 3, 179 Greek Sicily 38–9, 181 Knossos 3, 179 Syracuse 39, 181 Minoan Crete 4–5, 179 Akragas 40, 181 Mycenae 5, 179 Cyrene 40, 182 Mycenaean Greece 4–6, 179 Olympia 41, 182 Mainland Greece in the Homeric Poems 7–8, Greek Dialects c.