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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1'f"ltC I rb~A/g;....J- .srs;h C( :2-.51 '\ I International Organization for Migration I I I I I ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME FOR INTERNALLY I DISPLACED VULNERABLE GROUPS IN MOZAMBIQUE I I I I I I I I I I CONSOLIDATED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME I 1993-94 I ACTIVITY 3.3.01 I I I I I PREFACE I rOM's project for the internally displaced was initiated in the second half of 1993 with a view to providing transport assistance to I returning displaced vulnerable groups. The project falls within the Consolidated Humanitarian Assistance Programme coordinated by the United Nations Office for Humanitarian Assistance Coordination I (UNOHAC), under activity 3.3.01 After some six months of project implementation, and in order to review the scope and modalities of the operations, it was considered necessary to undertake an overall country assessment of the rDP I situation. As a result, rOM initiated country wide data collection and information gathering on numbers and locations of rDP IS. The guidelines for this exercise were prepared in consultation with I UNOHAC and a joint UNOHAC/rOM memorandum was issued to all field posts, a good example of interagency collaboration. Provincial offices were requested to pay particular attention to I rDP's still displaced as well as the current humanitarian assistance needs in the most affected districts. The aim was to contribute to the identification of factors favouring, and obstacles hindering, I return and reintegration. The findings of the above exercise are presented in the following pages. The data collected will require continous monitoring as the resettlement process continues. Although the perception of the rate I of displacement differs from province to province, the provision of common guidelines has ensured basic comparability of findings. The financial contributions of the governments of Sweden (through the I UNOHAC Trust Fund), Japan, Denmark and the U.K. towards rOM's operations are gratefully acknowledged. I Luca Dall'Oglio I 15/04/1994 I I I I I I I I international Organization for Migration· Maputo Internally Displaced Persons in Mozambique I I Table of Contents I I Introduction 1 Persons Still Internally Displaced, February 1994 (Map) ......... .. 2 I Who is an "Internally Displaced Person (IDP)". 3 I Formal Mandates to Protect and Assist IDPs ... 3 I 10M and Internally Displaced Persons . 3 Displaced Mozambicans 3 I 10M's Response to the Needs of Mozambique's Internally Displaced 4 I Provincial Profiles ............................... .. 5 Inhambane 5 Nampula 6 I Sofala 6 Tete 6 Zo,mbezia 7 I Niassa 7 Maputo 7 I Analysis of Migratory Flows ... .. 8 I Perspectives ..... 12 I Statistical Report ... Annex I I I I I I I International Organization for Migration - Maputo Internally Displaced Persons in Mozambique I I Introduction 1. About 75% of the estimated 3.7 million persons who remained internally displaced I at the time of Mozambique's peace accord in October 1992 have now resettled to their area of origin or another rural zone. In addition, about 50% of the estimated 1.6 I million refugees who were outside Mozambique at that time have now returned. 2. In August 1993, the International Organization for Migration (10M) began assisting I the most vulnerable and distant among Mozambique's post-war resettling population. The target group includes mainly the distant, but also the old, sick and other I vulnerable persons among the displaced. 3. Over 27,000 have already benefited from 10M's programme. Most beneficiaries are also assisted by other national or international organizations, facilitating their re­ I settlement. The key to success is coordination before, during and after the movement. 4. New data, collected by 10M in cooperation with UNOHAC, estimate that about 25% I of the 3.7 m displaced expected to resttle at the time of the war's end, or over 900,000 persons, remain internally displaced. Of this number about 45% or 430,000 can be considered the potential target group for 10M. Of these, over 140,000 have I been specifically identified as qualifying for assistance. 5. The internally displaced have proven to be a particularly problematic group to assist. I They make spontaneous, drifting movements back to dispersed rural locations where there is often little communication or news of their arrival relayed back. Even with millions of such people, their comparative invisibility leads some to question the I urgency of their need - or even the extent of their numbers - despite massive dislocation during the war. I 6. The remaining internally displaced, and some of the recently resettled, are still the most needy among Mozambique's post-war population. Over 900,000 are still waiting for the conditions which will allow them to return to their land and re-build their I homes. For some, this means assistance with simply getting there, which is where direct assistance can help. These are people who have been left behind in the waves of resettlement so far. Others are waiting for the conditions they judge sufficient for I successful resettlement, such as rehabilitation of a school so that their children's education will continue. Still more, especially those in big cities, are still dreaming I of moving back to their place of birth - but may never do so. I I I Page 1 I I I International Organization for Migration - Maputo Internally Displaced Persons in Mozambique I Pessoas Ainda Deslocadas (Persons Still Internally Displaced) I (954500 - Fevereiro 1994) I I I Nacalll Velh. 1600 I I I I I Manica I I I Deslocados No. Pessoas (No. Distritos) • 8000 to 100000 (27) E] 1000 to 7999 (62) I o 0 to 999 (22) I I I Maputo Fonte (Source), IOM~ I United Nations Office for Humanitarian Assistance Coordination March 1994 I I Page 2 I I International Organization for Migration - Maputo Internally Displaced Persons ill Mozambique I I Who is an "Internally Displaced Person (lDP)"? 7. lIInternally displaced persons (lDPs)" have been forced to flee their homes in large I numbers, as a result of armed conflict, internal strife, human rights violations or disasters, moving to a place of refuge within their own country. They sometimes include former refugees who, once back in their own country, are still unable to get I to their place of origin. I Formal Mandates to Protect and Assist IDPs I 8. No organization has an all-encompasssing mandate to protect and assist IDPs, but many organisations are concerned about IDPS, have relevant experience, and are I prepared - under given circumstances - to address those needs. 9. UNOHAC deserves special mention here for its role in coordinating assistance to different types of migrants in need during the peace process. Coordination has been I good and the question of anyone agency's formal mandate with regard to IDPs has I been overtaken by the need for rapid humanitarian responses. I 10M and Internally Displaced Persons 10. 10M's Constitution expresses a concern for displaced persons in general, including I the internally displaced as well as various kinds of international migrants. Assistance to the internally displaced includes early warning systems; analysis of migratory flows; statistics; advisory services; technical cooperation; emergency assistance; I health care; transport; documentation; and return and reintegration programmes. 11. Reintegration programming can support the rehabilitation of community I infrastructure; the reintegration of migrants into the agricultural economy; employment programming; or information and referral services. I I Displaced Mozambicans 12. As of February, 1994, approximately 1 million internally displaced Mozambicans have yet to return to their places of origin, along with another 750,000 refugees still I residing in neighbouring countries. I I Page 3 I l&::n.rdPi;nYllC:\wp51\duc\Idp-ap94.do::):lr[d0c2) I I International Organization for Migration - Maputo Internally Displaced Persons in Mozambique I 13. Much of the misery during the war had been caused by the wholesale dislocation of the rural population towards "accommodation centers", towns, cities and neighbouring I countries. 14. Most of those who fled to nearby towns during the war have already moved back out to their land, while refugees only a short distance across the border from their homes I have also largely returned. Others have found it easier to return to their areas because they were more accessible, or retained a minimum of infrastructure such as schools I or water wells. 15. Since the Mozambican Peace Accord was signed in October 1992, at least 2.8 million of the internally displaced have resettled, and another 850,000 refugees have returned I to the country. I 16. Of those who have not yet moved back to their areas, many have hesitated because of the difficulty. Distance is a major barrier, as are road and accessibility problems, and the lack of infrastructure such as schools and water. Taking one's children out I of school to make the long march back to an abandoned area with no functioning education system can be an unattractive option. I 17. The major pull factor which continues to drive resettlement is greater access to land and the prospect of a renewed agricultural economy. This is a highly positive I phenomenon, a return to the land which will improve the quality of life for millions. I 10M's Response to the Needs of Mozambique's Internally Displaced 18. 10M began assisting the most vulnerable and distant among Mozambique's post-war I resettling population in August 1993. 19. The target group includes mainly the distant, but also the old, the sick, the weakened, I unaccompanied children, the handicapped and some single parents with many young children. The maximum caseload is estimated at 250,000 of the entire 3.7 million I resettling internally displaced persons.
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