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Drug Abuse: a Challenge for Education. INSTITUTION New Jersey Urban Schools Development Council, Trenton

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Drug Abuse: a Challenge for Education. INSTITUTION New Jersey Urban Schools Development Council, Trenton DOCUMENT RESUME ED 043 969 EA 003 124 AUTHOR Conte, Anthony E.; Mason, Eugene R. TITLE Drug Abuse: A Challenge for Education. INSTITUTION New Jersey Urban Schools Development Council, Trenton. PUB DATE Aug 70 NOTE 197p. AVAILABLE FROM New Jersey Urban Schools Development Council, 1000 Spruce Street, Trenton, New Jersey 08638 ($2.25) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.75 HC-$9.95 DESCRIPTORS *Board of Education Role, *Drug Abuse, *Drug Addiction, Drug Legislation, *Drug Therapy, *Health Education, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Marihuana, Medical Treatment, Narcotics ABSTRACT This report provides comprehensive information regarding drug use / abuse. The first chapter describes drugs -- those generally accepted by society as well as those less accepted -- and discusses potential psychic and physical dangers inherent in their abuse. The second chapter explains the reasons offered by drug users for their generally unacceptable social behavior. Chapter three is devoted to drug abuse education and includes a comprehensive State-by-State description of drug abuse prevention programs. Chapter four reviews facilities and programs available for treatment of drug addiction, and describes recently developed treatment methods. Appendixes include an extensive annotated list of resources that may be used to develop educational programs for students, teachers, and administrators. (JF) DRUG ABUSE: A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION By Dr. Anthony E. Conte Director of Research Mr. Eugene R. Mason Research Specialist New Jersey Urban Schools Development Council Mr. Raymond Milam, Executive Director 1000 Spruce Street Trenton, New Jersey 08638 C\I August 1970 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE 4:) OFFICE OF EDUCATION 4:) THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PEON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. PREFACE The growing rate at which drugs are used by members of our society has caused alarm and concern in many quarters. Nowhere has the concern reached greater proportions than among the parents of the young who, in addition to the many other challenges that confront them in child-rearing, are now faced with the real and awsume fact that their son or daughter may use habituating drugs and become addicted to them.As many have done in the past, today's parents look to those in education for the solutions to the problems inherent in the use and abuse of drugs. Many educators have recognized their responsibility and committment and have accepted the challenge to provide some possible solutions to the pro- blem. As the seriousness of the problem of drug use by the young of our society has grown and been accentuated, the nature and number of relevant drug use/abuse curricula, teaching strategies and instructional media have also increased. In addition to the educational comminity, legislators, sociologists, physicians, clergymen, and others have responded to the challenge of drug use/abuse. This has resulted in the drafting of effec- tive legislation, the design and implementation of treatment modalities, and the identification of resources available for the prevention, control, and treatment of drug addiction. The Board of Directors of the New Jersey Urban Schools Development Council, aware of the growing seriousness of the problem, especially among the youth attending urban schools, requested that a research effort be conducted by the Research Division of the Council to provide a compilation or syn- thesis of existing information regarding the issue of drug use/abuse.This document is the result of that request. An extensive literature search was conducted to provide the information contained herein; however, due to the relevancy of the topic, and the proliferation of information regarding it, some sources undoubtedly were not uncovered. In any discussion of the problems and possible solutions regarding the use/ abuse of drugs it is necessary, in defining the parameters, to provide a description of the drugs used by individuals and clarify the poi:ential dan- gers inherent in their use. This document does just that by describing those drugs generally accepted by our society (i.e., alcohol, coffee, tobacco, and others) as well as the less accepted drugs: marijuana, vari- ous volatile chemicals, the psychedelics or hallucinogens, the medicines, and narcotics. Why individuals begin and continue their use of drugs is another area of concern to those who would hope to find the answers to the problem.The taking of drugs in our society, for reasons other than medicinal, is generally frowned upon, yet the rate at which drug taking has increased over the last few years is a basic cause of alarm.The results of in- vestigations conducted to study the attitudes and vrques of persons in- volved in the use of drugs are described in the document and provide ii information as to the many and varied reasons offered by drug users as rationales for their behavior. The basic approach toward the treatment of persons who have become addic- ted to drugs has changed over the years from one of being harsh and puni- tive to one that is more socially and medically oriented. This shift in attitude has resulted in a greater number and diversified types of treat- ment facilities, programs and methods that have been initiated by both public and private agencies. This document describes and discusses these many facets of treatment for the general purpose of providing as compre- hensive an analysis of the problems of drug addiction as is possible. Educators throughout the nation have become aware of the critical need for curricula, methodologies, and instructional media that relate to the pro- blem of drug abuse education. In response to this need, a wide variety of teaching strategies have been developed and many are discussed in this document. In addition, current federal efforts are highlighted as well as a comprehensive state-by-state description of drug abuse programs. Federal and state legislation have played a significant role in the manner in which the control, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and education efforts concerning drugs and drug abuse have existed in the past and will be conducted in the future. For this reason, a comprehensive description has been made of the various federal laws that currently exist and those that have been proposed regarding dangerous drugs. Individual state laws vary as to the drugs included and the r, ialties imposed and no attempt was made to analyze and describe them.Hoever, the interested reader has been provided with the sources from which information may be tapped regarding the drug laws of specific states. The document also contains an annotated listing of resources that may be utilized in the development of educational programs for students, teachers, administrators, and lay persons. The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to Mr. Richard J. Russo, Chief of the Bureau of Narcotic Addiction and Drug Abuse, New Jersey State Department of Institutions and Agencies, Trenton, New Jersey; and to Mr. Peter G. Hammond, Executive Director, National Coordinating Council on Drug Abuse Education and Information, Inc., Washington, D.C. for their in- valuable assistance and guidance. Although many persons graciously provided assistance in the collection of information, the authors wish to express particular gratitude to Miss Lynne Van Buskirk, Reference Librarian, New Jersey State Library, Trenton, New Jersey. In addition, we wish to express our thanks to Miss Louise E. Clark and Miss Lynn M. DeAngelis for typing the final draft of the document. Anthony E. Conte Eugene R. Mason iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ii DRUGS AND THEIR POTENTIAL DANGERS I-1 ACCEPTED DRUGS 2 ALCOHOL 2 COFFEE 2 TOBACCO 3 MISCELLANEOUS SEEDS AND SPICES 3 THE CANNABIS DERIVATIVES:MARIJUANA AND HASHISH 3 THE VOLATILE CHEMICALS 5 THE PSYCHEDELICS OR HALLUCINOGENS 5 LSD 5 PEYOTE AND MESCALINE 6 RARER HALLUCINOGENS 7 THE MEDICINES 7 AMYL NITRITE 7 DEPRESSANTS 8 STIMULANTS 8 THE NARCOTICS 9 MORPHINE 9 OPIUM 10 HEROIN 10 FOOTNOTES 12 RATIONALES FOR THE USE OF DRUGS II-1 REASONS FOR DRUG USE 2 CHANGING MORES 2 THE BASIC IMPULSE FOR PLEASURE OR FUN 4 BOREDOM 4 REBELLION 4 THE QUEST FOR AUTHENTIC EXPERIENCES 5 PHILOSOPHY iv Page ESCAPE 11-6 SOCIALIZATION 7 MOTIVATIONS AS A FUNCTION FOR THE USE OF DIFFERENT DRUGS 7 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS 8 FOCTNOTES 10 DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION III-1 CONCERNS REGARDING DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION 2 ffRATEGIES USED IN DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION 2 SCARE TACTICS 2 EXHORTATORY METHODS AND MATERIALS 3 PROFESSIONAL OR EXPERIENTIAL AUTHORITY 3 INCREASED STATUS 4 CONCEPTS IN A LOGICAL STRUCTURE 4 ENCOUNTER 5 ENTERTAINMENT 5 NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAM 6 TEACHER TRAINING 6 THE NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR DRUG ABUSE INFORMATION 7 LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION DRUG PROGRAM 7 EXPANDED DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN 7 INTENSIFIED PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DRUG ABUSE 8 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH MARIJUANA CONTRACT PROGRAM 8 PROPOSED NATIONAL ADDICTION CORDS 8 STATE ACTION AGAINST DRUG ABUSE 9 EXEMPLARY DRUG CURRICULA 22 LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD RESPONSIBILITY 23 FOOTNOTES 25 Page TREATMENT OF DRUG ADDICTION IV-1 TREATMENT: FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS 2 FEDERAL TREATMENT FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS 2 PASSAGE OF NARCOTIC ADDICT REHABILITATION ACT 2 STATE TREATMENT FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS 5 NEW YORK 5 NARCOTIC ADDICTION CONTROL COMMISSION 6 PASSAGE OF GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER'S ANTI- NARCOTIC
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