Your Cruise the Northwest Passage
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Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2019 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2019 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 12 December 2019 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 314 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2019 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (transits 149 and 167). -
Safeguarding the Arctic Why the U.S
Safeguarding the Arctic Why the U.S. Must Lead in the High North By Cathleen Kelly and Miranda Peterson January 22, 2015 “As the United States assumes the Chairmanship of the Arctic Council, it is more important than ever that we have a coordinated national effort that takes advantage of our combined expertise and efforts in the Arctic region to promote our shared values and priorities.” — President Obama, Executive Order on Enhancing Coordination of National Efforts in the Arctic, January 21, 20151 While many Americans do not consider the United States to be an Arctic nation, Alaska—which constitutes 16 percent of the country’s landmass and sits on the Arctic Circle—puts the country solidly in that category.2 Consequently, it is with good reason that the United States has a seat on the Arctic Council. As Arctic warming accelerates, U.S. leadership in the High North is key not only to the public health and safety of Americans and other people in the region, but also to U.S. national security and the fate of the planet. In just three months, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry will become chairman of the Arctic Council. The two-year position rotates among the eight Arctic nations3—Canada, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, the United States, and Denmark, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands—and is a powerful platform for shaping how the risks and opportunities of increasing commercial activity at the top of the world are managed. To ready the administration for Secretary Kerry’s turn to hold the Arctic Council gavel from 2015 to 2017, President Barack Obama recently issued an executive order to better coordinate national efforts in the Arctic.4 The executive order is the latest signal from the White House that President Obama and Secretary Kerry are focused on preparing the nation for dramatic changes in the Arctic and protecting U.S. -
Arctic Marine Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004
Arctic Marine Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004 Institute of the North • U.S. Arctic Research Commission • International Arctic Science Committee Arctic Ocean Marine Routes This map is a general portrayal of the major Arctic marine routes shown from the perspective of Bering Strait looking northward. The official Northern Sea Route encompasses all routes across the Russian Arctic coastal seas from Kara Gate (at the southern tip of Novaya Zemlya) to Bering Strait. The Northwest Passage is the name given to the marine routes between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans along the northern coast of North America that span the straits and sounds of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Three historic polar voyages in the Central Arctic Ocean are indicated: the first surface shop voyage to the North Pole by the Soviet nuclear icebreaker Arktika in August 1977; the tourist voyage of the Soviet nuclear icebreaker Sovetsky Soyuz across the Arctic Ocean in August 1991; and, the historic scientific (Arctic) transect by the polar icebreakers Polar Sea (U.S.) and Louis S. St-Laurent (Canada) during July and August 1994. Shown is the ice edge for 16 September 2004 (near the minimum extent of Arctic sea ice for 2004) as determined by satellite passive microwave sensors. Noted are ice-free coastal seas along the entire Russian Arctic and a large, ice-free area that extends 300 nautical miles north of the Alaskan coast. The ice edge is also shown to have retreated to a position north of Svalbard. The front cover shows the summer minimum extent of Arctic sea ice on 16 September 2002. -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2020 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2020 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 7 April 2021 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 starting in the Pacific Ocean to reach the Atlantic Oceam, but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 319 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2020 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (marked ‘cp’). -
Who Discovered the Northwest Passage? Janice Cavell1
ARCTIC VOL. 71, NO.3 (SEPTEMBER 2018) P.292 – 308 https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4733 Who Discovered the Northwest Passage? Janice Cavell1 (Received 31 January 2018; accepted in revised form 1 May 2018) ABSTRACT. In 1855 a parliamentary committee concluded that Robert McClure deserved to be rewarded as the discoverer of a Northwest Passage. Since then, various writers have put forward rival claims on behalf of Sir John Franklin, John Rae, and Roald Amundsen. This article examines the process of 19th-century European exploration in the Arctic Archipelago, the definition of discovering a passage that prevailed at the time, and the arguments for and against the various contenders. It concludes that while no one explorer was “the” discoverer, McClure’s achievement deserves reconsideration. Key words: Northwest Passage; John Franklin; Robert McClure; John Rae; Roald Amundsen RÉSUMÉ. En 1855, un comité parlementaire a conclu que Robert McClure méritait de recevoir le titre de découvreur d’un passage du Nord-Ouest. Depuis lors, diverses personnes ont avancé des prétentions rivales à l’endroit de Sir John Franklin, de John Rae et de Roald Amundsen. Cet article se penche sur l’exploration européenne de l’archipel Arctique au XIXe siècle, sur la définition de la découverte d’un passage en vigueur à l’époque, de même que sur les arguments pour et contre les divers prétendants au titre. Nous concluons en affirmant que même si aucun des explorateurs n’a été « le » découvreur, les réalisations de Robert McClure méritent d’être considérées de nouveau. Mots clés : passage du Nord-Ouest; John Franklin; Robert McClure; John Rae; Roald Amundsen Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère. -
ARCTIC Exploration the SEARCH for FRANKLIN
CATALOGUE THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT ARCTIC EXPLORATION & THE SeaRCH FOR FRANKLIN WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to Arctic exploration, the search for the Northwest Passage, and the later search for Sir John Franklin. It features many volumes from a distinguished private collection recently purchased by us, and only a few of the items here have appeared in previous catalogues. Notable works are the famous Drage account of 1749, many of the works of naturalist/explorer Sir John Richardson, many of the accounts of Franklin search expeditions from the 1850s, a lovely set of Parry’s voyages, a large number of the Admiralty “Blue Books” related to the search for Franklin, and many other classic narratives. This is one of 75 copies of this catalogue specially printed in color. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues: 320 Manuscripts & Archives, 322 Forty Years a Bookseller, 323 For Readers of All Ages: Recent Acquisitions in Americana, 324 American Military History, 326 Travellers & the American Scene, and 327 World Travel & Voyages; Bulletins 36 American Views & Cartography, 37 Flat: Single Sig- nificant Sheets, 38 Images of the American West, and 39 Manuscripts; e-lists (only available on our website) The Annex Flat Files: An Illustrated Americana Miscellany, Here a Map, There a Map, Everywhere a Map..., and Original Works of Art, and many more topical lists. Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the internet at www.reeseco.com. -
The Need for Fast Near-Term Climate Mitigation to Slow Feedbacks and Tipping Points
The Need for Fast Near-Term Climate Mitigation to Slow Feedbacks and Tipping Points Critical Role of Short-lived Super Climate Pollutants in the Climate Emergency Background Note DRAFT: 27 September 2021 Institute for Governance Center for Human Rights and & Sustainable Development (IGSD) Environment (CHRE/CEDHA) Lead authors Durwood Zaelke, Romina Picolotti, Kristin Campbell, & Gabrielle Dreyfus Contributing authors Trina Thorbjornsen, Laura Bloomer, Blake Hite, Kiran Ghosh, & Daniel Taillant Acknowledgements We thank readers for comments that have allowed us to continue to update and improve this note. About the Institute for Governance & About the Center for Human Rights and Sustainable Development (IGSD) Environment (CHRE/CEDHA) IGSD’s mission is to promote just and Originally founded in 1999 in Argentina, the sustainable societies and to protect the Center for Human Rights and Environment environment by advancing the understanding, (CHRE or CEDHA by its Spanish acronym) development, and implementation of effective aims to build a more harmonious relationship and accountable systems of governance for between the environment and people. Its work sustainable development. centers on promoting greater access to justice and to guarantee human rights for victims of As part of its work, IGSD is pursuing “fast- environmental degradation, or due to the non- action” climate mitigation strategies that will sustainable management of natural resources, result in significant reductions of climate and to prevent future violations. To this end, emissions to limit temperature increase and other CHRE fosters the creation of public policy that climate impacts in the near-term. The focus is on promotes inclusive socially and environmentally strategies to reduce non-CO2 climate pollutants, sustainable development, through community protect sinks, and enhance urban albedo with participation, public interest litigation, smart surfaces, as a complement to cuts in CO2. -
Arctic Report Card 2018 Effects of Persistent Arctic Warming Continue to Mount
Arctic Report Card 2018 Effects of persistent Arctic warming continue to mount 2018 Headlines 2018 Headlines Video Executive Summary Effects of persistent Arctic warming continue Contacts to mount Vital Signs Surface Air Temperature Continued warming of the Arctic atmosphere Terrestrial Snow Cover and ocean are driving broad change in the Greenland Ice Sheet environmental system in predicted and, also, Sea Ice unexpected ways. New emerging threats Sea Surface Temperature are taking form and highlighting the level of Arctic Ocean Primary uncertainty in the breadth of environmental Productivity change that is to come. Tundra Greenness Other Indicators River Discharge Highlights Lake Ice • Surface air temperatures in the Arctic continued to warm at twice the rate relative to the rest of the globe. Arc- Migratory Tundra Caribou tic air temperatures for the past five years (2014-18) have exceeded all previous records since 1900. and Wild Reindeer • In the terrestrial system, atmospheric warming continued to drive broad, long-term trends in declining Frostbites terrestrial snow cover, melting of theGreenland Ice Sheet and lake ice, increasing summertime Arcticriver discharge, and the expansion and greening of Arctic tundravegetation . Clarity and Clouds • Despite increase of vegetation available for grazing, herd populations of caribou and wild reindeer across the Harmful Algal Blooms in the Arctic tundra have declined by nearly 50% over the last two decades. Arctic • In 2018 Arcticsea ice remained younger, thinner, and covered less area than in the past. The 12 lowest extents in Microplastics in the Marine the satellite record have occurred in the last 12 years. Realms of the Arctic • Pan-Arctic observations suggest a long-term decline in coastal landfast sea ice since measurements began in the Landfast Sea Ice in a 1970s, affecting this important platform for hunting, traveling, and coastal protection for local communities. -
GREENLAND Summer and Winter Adventures
GREENLAND summer and winter adventures Greenland summer and winter adventures 1 Greenland with Albatros Travel With a strong foothold in Kangerlussuaq, we can provide your clients with a seamless experience of Greenland. Three Table of decades ago, we were one of the first travel operators to venture into the arctic wilderness of Greenland. Today, we CONTENTS have cemented our presence there in the form of a local office, restaurant, gift shop and two hostels. 2 INTRODUCTION 4-5 YOUR GATEWAY TO GREEENLAND Find out more about our Greenland operations on page 4. 8-9 SHIP: OCEAN DIAMOND Why Albatros 6-7 SUMMER TOURS Greenland holds a special place in our hearts here at Albatros Travel. With headquarters 8-9 GREENLAND’S MAGICAL MIDNIGHT SUN in Copenhagen, Denmark, our connection to this vast continent is like that of all Danes. 10-11 MAGNIFICENT GREENLAND The joint history has been murky and at times dark. However, we are determined to show - ICE SHEET AND ICEBERGS guests from abroad how incredibly beautiful and untouched Greenland is. 12-13 SUMMER IN ICELAND AND ILULISSAT We cherish the wide, open spaces, the long, dark winters only brightened by the sparkling 14-15 TREASURES OF SOUTH GREENLAND snow, breathtaking northern lights (the aurora borealis), the short, and surprisingly green summers lit by the midnight sun, the seemingly endless icescapes and the warmth of the 16-17 WINTER TOURS Greenlandic people. Yes, the list is long and we could go on. 18-19 WINTER WONDERLAND IN GREENLAND We don’t just know Greenland’s history, the names of its birds, wildlife and its nature. -
Polar Catalogue 2019
AQUILA BOOKS POLAR CATALOGUE SPRING 2019 2 AQUILA BOOKS Box 75035, Cambrian Postal Outlet Calgary, AB T2K 6J8 Canada Cameron Treleaven, Proprietor A.B.A.C. / I.L.A.B., P.B.F.A., F.R.G.S. Email all inquiries and orders to: [email protected] Or call us: 1(403)282-5832 or 1(888)777-5832(toll-free in North America) Dear Polar collectors, Welcome to old and new friends. It has been almost a full year since the last catalogue and over this time a lot of changes have occurred around the shop. First of all, the shop is now only open Monday to Friday by appointment. There is almost always someone here but we ask anyone making a special trip to phone ahead. We are still open on Saturdays from 10:30 to 4 pm. We have also hired a new staff member, Lesley Ball. She will be working half time and you may meet her if you call with an order. This year we gave the California fairs a miss, but Katie and I had a great time in New York this year, meeting a number of customers, both old and new, at the fair. We also now have an Instagram page which Katie maintains for us; please check us out at aquila_books for the latest news and a great image of our booth at the New York fair. My daughter Emma and I will be exhibiting at the new “Firsts” fair in London from June 7 to 9th at Battersea Park. Let us know if you need tickets or if you want us to bring along anything to view. -
Changes in Snow, Ice and Permafrost Across Canada
CHAPTER 5 Changes in Snow, Ice, and Permafrost Across Canada CANADA’S CHANGING CLIMATE REPORT CANADA’S CHANGING CLIMATE REPORT 195 Authors Chris Derksen, Environment and Climate Change Canada David Burgess, Natural Resources Canada Claude Duguay, University of Waterloo Stephen Howell, Environment and Climate Change Canada Lawrence Mudryk, Environment and Climate Change Canada Sharon Smith, Natural Resources Canada Chad Thackeray, University of California at Los Angeles Megan Kirchmeier-Young, Environment and Climate Change Canada Acknowledgements Recommended citation: Derksen, C., Burgess, D., Duguay, C., Howell, S., Mudryk, L., Smith, S., Thackeray, C. and Kirchmeier-Young, M. (2019): Changes in snow, ice, and permafrost across Canada; Chapter 5 in Can- ada’s Changing Climate Report, (ed.) E. Bush and D.S. Lemmen; Govern- ment of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, p.194–260. CANADA’S CHANGING CLIMATE REPORT 196 Chapter Table Of Contents DEFINITIONS CHAPTER KEY MESSAGES (BY SECTION) SUMMARY 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Snow cover 5.2.1: Observed changes in snow cover 5.2.2: Projected changes in snow cover 5.3: Sea ice 5.3.1: Observed changes in sea ice Box 5.1: The influence of human-induced climate change on extreme low Arctic sea ice extent in 2012 5.3.2: Projected changes in sea ice FAQ 5.1: Where will the last sea ice area be in the Arctic? 5.4: Glaciers and ice caps 5.4.1: Observed changes in glaciers and ice caps 5.4.2: Projected changes in glaciers and ice caps 5.5: Lake and river ice 5.5.1: Observed changes in lake and river ice 5.5.2: Projected changes in lake and river ice 5.6: Permafrost 5.6.1: Observed changes in permafrost 5.6.2: Projected changes in permafrost 5.7: Discussion This chapter presents evidence that snow, ice, and permafrost are changing across Canada because of increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation. -
Heterogeneous CO2 and CH4 Content of Glacial Meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and Implications for Subglacial Carbon Processes
The Cryosphere, 15, 1627–1644, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Heterogeneous CO2 and CH4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes Andrea J. Pain1,a, Jonathan B. Martin1, Ellen E. Martin1, Åsa K. Rennermalm2, and Shaily Rahman1,b 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 2Department of Geography, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA anow at: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA bnow at: Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA Correspondence: Andrea J. Pain ([email protected]) Received: 18 June 2020 – Discussion started: 3 July 2020 Revised: 22 February 2021 – Accepted: 24 February 2021 – Published: 1 April 2021 Abstract. Accelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet Sheet. Future work should constrain the extent and controls has increased freshwater delivery to the Arctic Ocean and of heterogeneity to improve our understanding of the impact amplified the need to understand the impact of Greenland of Greenland Ice Sheet melt on Arctic greenhouse gas bud- Ice Sheet meltwater on Arctic greenhouse gas budgets. We gets, as well as the role of continental ice sheets in green- evaluate subglacial discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet house gas variations over glacial–interglacial timescales. for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations and δ13C values and use geochemical models to evaluate sub- glacial CH4 and CO2 sources and sinks.