The Meaning of the Decision Made by Robert Langdon the Main Character of Dan Brown's the Da Vinci Code to Search for the Holy

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THE MEANING OF THE DECISION MADE BY ROBERT LANGDON THE MAIN CHARACTER OF DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI CODE TO SEARCH FOR THE HOLY GRAIL

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Kristiyanto Student Number: 131214091

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017

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THE MEANING OF THE DECISION MADE BY ROBERT LANGDON THE MAIN CHARACTER OF DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI CODE TO SEARCH FOR THE HOLY GRAIL

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Kristiyanto Student Number: 131214091

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017

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DEDICATION PAGE

I dedicate this undergraduate thesis to:

R. YOHANES KRISNO UTOMO ZEFI SUGIYATNI

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN

PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitan Sanata Dharma

Nama : Kristiyanto Nomer Mahasiswa : 131214091

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: THE MEANING OF THE DECISION MADE BY ROBERT LANGDON THE MAIN CHARACTER OF DAN BROWN’S THE DA VINCI CODE TO SEARCH FOR THE HOLY GRAIL beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal: 7 September 2017

Yang menyatakan

Kristiyanto

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ABSTRACT

Kristiyanto (2017). The meaning of the decision made by Robert Langdon the main character of Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code to search for the Holy Grail. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program. Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.

This study analyses The Da Vinci Code, a novel written by Dan Brown. The novel tells about the quest of the main character, Robert Langdon, who searches for the Holy Grail. The focuses of this study are the description of Robert Langdon‘s characteristics and the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail. The objective of this study is to findthe meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail. In order to do so, the researcher formulates two research questions. The first one is ―How Robert Langdon is described in the novel?‖ then the second one is ―What is the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for Holy Grail?‖ There are two theories used in this study: theory of motivation and theory of character and characterization. The approach used in this study is psychological approach. After conducting the analysis, Robert Langdon can be described as resourceful, open-minded, reminiscent, and claustrophobic. The second finding shows that the surface meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision is to help Sophie find the Holy Grail. Then the deeper meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision is to protect Sophie as a living descendant of Jesus Christ just like Priory of Sion did. It is recommended that future researchers find why Robert Langdon wants to help Sophie find the Holy Grail. It is also suggested that English teachers use the novel as one of the materials to teach English in Prose and Drama classes.

Keywords: Holy Grail, decision, meaning

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ABSTRAK

Kristiyanto (2017). The meaning of the decision made by Robert Langdon the main character of Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code to search for the Holy Grail. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penelitian ini menganalisis sebuah novel berjudul The Da Vinci Code yang ditulis oleh Dan Brown.Novel ini bercerita mengenai pencarian Holy Grail oleh karakter utama bernama Robert Langdon.Fokus dalam studi ini adalah deskripsi karakteristik dari Robert Langdon dan makna keputusan Robert Langdon yang sebenarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari makna dari keputusan Robert Langdon yang sebenarnya untuk mencari Holy Grail dalam novel The Da Vinci Code yang ditulis oleh Dan Brown.Untuk melakukannya peneliti telah merumuskan dua rumusan masalah. Rumusan masalah yang pertama adalah ―Bagaimana Robert Langdon dideskripsikan dalam novel oleh Dan Brown?‖ kemudian rumusan masalah yang kedua adalah ―Apa makna keputusan Robert Langdon untuk mencari Holy Grail?‖ Ada dua teori yang digunakan yaitu: teori motivasi dan teori karakter dan karaterisasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikologis. Setelah melakukan penelitian, hasil pertama menunjukkan tentang deskripsi Robert Langdon. Robert Langdonadalah seorang yang tahu segalanya, mudah teringat akan suatu peristiwa, terbuka, dan seorang yang claustrophobia. Hasil kedua menunjukkan makna sesungguhnya dari keputusan Robert Langdon dalam novel.Tujuan Robert Langdon pada awalnya adalah membantu Sophi menemukan Holy Grail. Lalu makna sesungguhnya dari keputusan Robert Langdon adalah untuk melindungi Sophie sebagai keturunan Yesus yang masih hidup sama seperti yang telah dilakukan oleh Priory of Sion. Sangat direkomendasikan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk meneliti mengapa Robert Langdon mau membantu Sophie mencari Holy Grail.Sangat dianjurkan juga untuk guru Bahasa Inggris, novel ini dapat digunakan sebagai materi untuk mengajarkan bahasa Inggris di kelas Prose dan Drama.

Keywords: Holy Grail, decision, meaning

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I want to give a great thanks to Jesus Christ, who gives me His

Blessing and Guidance so I can finish my study. He gives me strength when I feel weak and inspiration when I don‘t know what to write on my thesis. Because of his blessing until this time, I can finish my thesis.

My deepest gratitude goes to my advisor Dr. Antonius Herujiyanto,

M.A. for his guidance, support and his time during I write my thesis. He helps me to find ideas and especially He spares his time for me, when I need to consultation with him. All his suggestions helped me to finish my thesis.

My gratitude goes to my academic advisor F.X. Ouda Teda Ena, M.Pd.,

Ed.D.for his time and guidance in about four and a half years. Honestly I admire his works especially in art. We have almost same interest in this aspect. He also gives me inspiration with his art.

I dedicate this thesis to my beloved parents; my dad R. Yohanes Krisno

Utomo and my mom Zefi Sugiyatni for giving me motivation and love to finish my study. Their efforts are precious to me, because without their effort, I cannot be what I am now and I would not able to finish this thesis.

I would also give my biggest thanks to my friends who help me to finish this thesis; ‘Mas Dino’ Herda Pramundito, S.Pd. who also gives his time when I need his guidance when I write my thesis and he is one of my friends who gives me a lot of inspiration and suggestions, Sane Alexander my partner in crime and also my soul mate who always supports me in every conditions, Mbak Deti who

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willings to proofread my thesis even though she is very busy, ‘Pita’ who gives me support to finish my study, Mbak Siwi, Matsumoto Shiori and my friends in

Bunka Kenyuukai who give me strength and motivation to finish this study, and also Ryan who are willing to proofread my thesis.

Not forget to mention my friends who give me a lot of experiences in the university especially they who love to hang around lorcin and around taman jamur.

Thank you for the opportunity to know you all.

Kristiyanto

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page TITLE ...... i APPROVAL PAGE ...... ii DEDICATION PAGE ...... iv STATEMENT OF WORK‘S ORIGINALITY ...... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ...... vi ABSTRACT...... vii ABSTRAK ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS...... xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Research Questions ...... 3 C. Significance of Study ...... 3 D. Definition of Terms ...... 3 1. Holy Grail ...... 4 2. Meaning ...... 4 3. Code ...... 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 6 A. Review of Related Study ...... 6 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 7 1. Psychological Approach ...... 7 2. Theory of Motivation ...... 8 3. Character and Characterization ...... 9 a. Personal description ...... 9 b. Character as seen by others ...... 10 c. Speech ...... 10 d. Past life ...... 10

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e. Conversation of others ...... 10 f. Reactions ...... 10 g. Direct comments ...... 11 h. Thoughts ...... 11 i. Mannerisms ...... 11 C. Theoretical Framework ...... 11 D. Context of the Novel ...... 12 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ...... 13 A. Object of the Study ...... 13 B. Approach of the Study...... 14 C. Method of the Study ...... 15 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION ...... 17 A. Description of Robert Langdon ...... 17 1. Physical Characteristics ...... 18 2. Psychological Characteristics ...... 19 a. Resourceful ...... 19 b. Reminiscent ...... 21 c. Open-minded ...... 21 d. Claustrophobic ...... 22 B. The Meaning of Robert Langdon‘s Decisions ...... 22 1. Literal Meaning ...... 23 2. Deeper Meaning ...... 28 CHAPTER V ...... 32 A. Conclusions ...... 32 B. Suggestions...... 33 1. Suggestions for Future Researchers ...... 33 2. Suggestions for English Teachers ...... 33 C. Reflection ...... 34 REFERENCES ...... 36 APPENDICES ...... 38

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Biography of Dan Brown ...... 39 Appendix 2 Summary of The Da Vinci Code...... 41

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The first chapter consists of Background of the Study, Objective of the

Study, Research Questions, and Definitions of Terms. The Background of the

Study explains why the researcher chooses the novel. The Objective of the Study is about the aim of this study. The Research Questions consists of some questions related to this study which will be discussed later in this study. The last is the

Definition of term that will discuss the terms used in this study.

A. Background of the Study

When we hear the word literature, what comes first in our mind? Maybe poem, drama, novel and other literary works. However, what is actually the definition of literature? Wellek and Warren (1963) define the term literature

―Literature is not just a document of facts, it is not just the collection of real events though it may happen in the real life. Literature can create its own world as a product of the unlimited imagination.‖ (p. 22).

The word ―literature‖ itself comes from a latin word, litteratura, which means works of creative imagination. According to Pickering and Hoeper (1981) states the creation of literature is the desire of human beings to understand, express, and share the experiences. So, we can know that human can have a unique activity and it produces creative thinking that we called literature. Humans

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are already familiar with the literature from a long time ago, long before we define the term itself.

Literature has a lot of meanings. There is a new definition of literature which has been officially launched in 2009, alongside with the publication of A

New Literary History of America. It states that literary has not only a meaning as a written form but also voiced, expressed, and invented in any forms.

According to the article from Academic Brooklyn Education (2001), novel is one of many possible prose-narrative works which has two basic characteristics: a story and a storyteller. The term novel itself comes from the Italian word, novella, meaning ―a little new thing.‖ It shares other narrative aspects such as epic and romance. Nowadays, novel is developed into a rich form that incorporates all other fictional modes.

Referring to the statements above, novels can be categorized as one of the literary works. There are a lot of meanings that can be found in a novel. That is why the researcher picks Dan Brown‘s novel, The Da Vinci Code. It is a 2003 fiction-mystery-detective novel. The researcher wanted to know why Robert

Langdon, the main character of the story, is eager to solve the riddle and reveal the mystery of the Holy Grail. The Da Vinci Code has something to do with the

Holy Grail. The code itself represents the location of the grail. In order to find the

Holy Grail, the code must be broken first. The story is about a symbologist named

Robert Langdon and a cryptologist named Sophie Naveu. They are involved in a murder case of a curator named Jacques Sauniere. They have some clues left near the body of the curator to find the Holy Grail in order to solve the mysterious

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death of Jacques Sauniere. The title of the novel is pointing to the finding of the first murder victim in a gallery named Jacques Sauniere. He dies naked and poses similarly to Leonardo da Vinci‘s drawing, the virtuvian man, with cryptic message written as an anagram.

B. Research Questions

In conducting this study, the researcher formulates two questions namely:

1. How is Robert Langdon described in the novel?

2. What is the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the

Holy Grail?

C. Significance of Study

As this study deals with the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to look for the Holy Grail, this study is beneficial for the readers who are interested to know deeper about The Da Vinci Code. This study encourages the readers to know Catholic traditions in the past. In the field education, this thesis is useful for students to understand the surface meaning and deeper meaning of actions in analyzing literary works.

D. Definition of Terms

In this study, it is necessary for the researcher to define the term used in this study. Here is one term used by the researcher to analyze the novel. The terms are:

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1. Holy Grail

According to the Robert De Boron (1190), Holy Grail is a cup used by

Jesus in the last supper and then was passed into the hands of Joseph of Arimathea who, when Jesus was removed from the cross, filled it with the Savior‘s blood. It is this sacred blood which confers a magical quality on the Grail. (The Holy

Blood and The Holy Grail, p.297). However, in this study, the Grail is more than just a cup. In The Da Vinci Code novel, the ancient symbol of man is rudimentary phallus and the woman is the opposite of the man‘s symbol. It represents the vessel or shape of woman‘s womb. Holy Grail itself is representing the symbol of upside down rudimentary phallus. So, the Holy Grail is not a cup, but actually a woman who carries the powerful God‘s power on earth.

2. Meaning

In this study, the researcher uses meaning that can be divided into two parts. The first one is literary meaning or surface meaning. In this part, the researcher can find the meaning by looking at the text. Then the second one is deeper meaning. Before the researcher can find the deeper meaning, the researcher must find the surface meaning first and then the deeper meaning can be found.

The surface meaning is explicit on the other side deeper meaning is implicit. The surface meaning refers to the literal meaning where explicitly found in the text, where as the deeper meaning deals with the true meaning of the text which can be comprehended only by finding the literal meaning first.

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3. Code

According to the article in www.civilwarsignals.org, code was adopted by

Western Union in 1859 and the function is to reduce bandwidth over telegraph lines and speed transmissions. Code is a system to convert information. However in this study, the meaning of code is a way to reveal the hidden message left by

Leonardo Da Vinci. The code has a special purpose to keep the hidden message.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains review of related theories, theoretical framework, and context of the novel. In the review of related theories, the writer discusses some theories related to the meaning of actions conducted by Robert Langdon as seen in the novel entitled The Da Vinci Code. In the theoretical framework, the researcher uses three theories to answer the research questions. There is also the context of the novel that presents descriptions about the author and the setting of the novel.

A. Review of Related Study

The Da Vinci Code is one of the famous and controversial stories of Dan

Brown‘s work. Many people are interested in this novel. In this part the researcher reviews some studies that related to this study.

The researcher found a study about Dan Brown‘s novel and it is related to this study. MM. Dian Nugraheni P. explains the messages as revealed by Robert

Langdon and Sophie Nevue. The title of her study is The Messages as Revealed by the Main Characters and the Conflicts of Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code. In her study MM. Dian Nugraheni P. explains there are five messages that can be find in the novel. The first one is everyone should have self-confidence in their ability. The second one is people should be responsible for what they have bring.

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The third one is religion helps people. The fourth is being open-minded is necessary. And the last is people will repay for what they did.

Then the researcher also found another study which is related to this study.

It uses psychological approach which is also use in this study. Gregoria Mayang

Dwiandhesti in her study titled Masochism as Appeared in Dan Brown’s The Da

Vinci Code, uses psychological and historical approach. She explained that masochism appears in the setting of Opus Dei, in the characterization of Silas, one of Opus Dei members, and in the neurosis of the other Opus Dei members.

The above review does not discuss the meaning of actions made by Robert

Langdon, the main character in The Da Vinci Code. This study is absolutely different from the above review but the similar things are the same novel and the approach used in this study, which is psychological approach. In this study, the researcher focuses on the meaning the main character‘s decision to search for the

Holy Grail.

B. Review of Related Theories

In the review of related theories, the researcher presents some theories related to this study. Those theories are psychological approach, theory of motivation, and theories of character and characterization.

1. Psychological Approach

The researcher uses psychological approach to conduct the study and formulate problems. Freud (1890s-1930s), the founder of the theory of

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psychoanalysis, explains that the human mind is like an iceberg, it is the unconscious, submerged mind that has the most, underlying influence on human‘s behavior. (as cited in The Psychological Approach: Freud, p. 2)

He also explains that unconscious mind is consisted of three major elements. Those are the ‗id‘, the ‗ego‘, and the ‗superego‘. Id is the reservoir of libido. The function is to fulfill the primordial life principle. According to him, it is considered to be a ‗pleasure principle‘. The ego is the source of all desires and aggressions. Then, the ego is one of the agencies that protects the individual and society from the dangerous potentialities of the id. The ego is then called as

‗reality principle‘. The other agent that protects the society is the superego. It is the moral censoring agency and also the repository of conscience and pride. The researcher uses this approach for this study to analyze the main character of the novel. It is relevant to the study because the researcher can see how the character is described in the novel through the approach.

2. Theory of Motivation

Abraham Maslow (1954) believes that humans have needs hierarchy system that can be used for classifying human‘s motives. The lower-level needs must be satisfied first before the next higher-level needs. (pp. 35-58) Those categories are as follow:

1. Physiological needs such as food, water, sex, and shelter,

2. Safety needs such as protection against danger and threat,

3. Social needs such as giving and receiving of love, friendship, affection,

belonging, association, and acceptance,

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4. Ego needs such as need for achievement, adequacy, strength, and

freedom, and need for status, recognition, appreciation, and prestige,

5. Self-actualization needs, the need to realize one‘s potentialities for

continued self-development and the desire to become more than

capable of becoming.

From the explanation above, the researcher uses social needs to find

Robert Langdon‘s surface meaning and Self-actualization needs to find the deeper meaning.

3. Character and Characterization

Abrams (2005) noted that characters are people in dramatic or narrative work that are interpreted by the readers (p. 56). There are explicit characterization and implicit characterization. Explicit characterization means that the character is explained by the writer. In implicit characterization, the readers must interpret how the character is by themselves

The theory of character and characterization is used to distinguish the character‘s personality in the novel. Murphy (1972) describes nine ways to distinguish character‘s personality, those are: a. Personal description

A character from the novel can be described by the author from a person‘s appearance and clothes. The description can be a physical looks, build, skin color, and hair color. For example he has blue eyes, pointed nose, and muscular body.

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b. Character as seen by others

The author explains the character of the story from the other character‘s thoughts in the story. In this part, the other character explains another character in the story. The character explained by other character‘s thought or by speech. c. Speech

The author gives an insight into the character through what the other character says. Every time the character speaks to another person, the person gives clues about what kind of characteristic that he or she has. Even he or she gives opinion, the person gives clue about characteristics. d. Past life

The author gives clues on characters‘ past life to show how an event affects the character‘s personalities. The past can be shown through the character‘s speech, other person‘s thoughts, or comments by the author. e. Conversation of others

The author gives the clues about the character‘s personality to the readers through conversations. The conversation is in form of what other people say about the character. It also can be what other people say to other about another people. f. Reactions

The characteristic of a person can be seen in reaction. How the character reacts to a situation or incident can also show the readers what the character‘s personalities are. For example when the character is facing difficult situation.

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g. Direct comments

In direct comments, usually the author will also provide the readers a direct comment on the character. Not from the other character‘s says. The author gives a specific comment. h. Thoughts

Thoughts can describe the personality. A character will show what he is thinking in the story and this will provide the reader some understandings on the character‘s personality. However, sometimes the character can also do what we, real-life human beings, cannot do, that is to predict what other people are thinking. i. Mannerisms

The last one is mannerisms. Each of characters‘ has different habits. The character‘s habits and manners in a work or task will also show the readers the personality of the character.

From the explanation above, the researcher uses personal description, thoughts, past life, speech, and reactions to describe the main character‘s personality in this study.

C. Theoretical Framework

In this part, in order to answer the research questions, the researcher uses theories related to the study as follow: the psychological approach, theories of character and characterization, and theory of motivation. To answer the first research question, the researcher uses the psychological approach by Sigmund

Freud (1890s-1930s) and theory of character and characterization by M.J. Murphy

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(1974) to analyse the description of the main character named Robert Langdon.

Then, to answer the second research question, the researcher uses the theory of motivation by Maslow (1954) to find the surface meaning and deeper meaning of

Robert Landon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail.

D. Context of the Novel

In this part, the researcher explains about the author of the novel. The Da

Vinci Code is the second book of Dan Brown. The first one is Angels and

Demons. The Da Vinci Code was written by Dan Brown and published in April

2003. It is a mystery-detective novel and it becomes a worldwide bestseller. It sold for about 80 million copies in 2009.

Dan Brown himself is an American author born in June 22, 1964. He is a son of a mathematics teacher and organist. He has interest in science and religion and those interests become his major theme of his novels. Shakespeare‘s Much

Ado about Nothing and the Puzzle Palace becomes the influences to Brown‘s writing style of the novel.

The setting of The Da Vinci Code is in an unknown time at Paris, France.

According to the murder victim‘s (the curator) location, the murder is located inside the Louvre Museum. The curator died naked in Vitruvian Man position.

Cryptic message and pentacle are drawn on his chest with his own blood.

This novel tells about Robert Langdon, the main character of this novel, who searches for the Holy Grail. In the middle of his journey, Sophie Nevue also helps Robert Langdon to find the Holy Grail.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of which method used to analyse the answer from the research questions. This chapter contains three parts. The first part discusses object of this study. The second part describes the approach that used to analyse the data. The third part shows the method conducted in this study.

A. Object of the Study

The object of the study is a novel entitled The Da Vinci Code. This novel was written by Dan Brown and published in 2003 by Doubleday (US) Transworld and Bantam Books (UK). The Da Vinci Code is one of the three series of Dan

Brown‘s novel. The first series is Angel and Demon and the third series is Inferno.

The Da Vinci Code is about a symbiologist named Robert Langdon who wants to solve the mystery of the Holy Grail.

The story begins when the curator of the Louvre Museum in Paris is murdered. Some mysterious clues, codes, and ciphers are found alongside the curator‘s dead body. Harvard symbologist, Robert Langdon, is summoned to help solving the mysterious murder. His investigation brings him together with a

French cryptologist, Sophie Neveu.

Together, Langdon and Neveu embark on a high-paced, danger-around- every-corner adventure to discover the dead curator‘s prior involvement in a secret society known as the Priory of Sion. The society‘s historical members

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include the famous artist, Leonardo Da Vinci – thus the name of the Dan Brown novel and Ron Howard film.

The murder investigation ultimately becomes a quest for Langdon and

Neveu to uncover an ancient conspiracy about a well-known religious relic – the

Holy Grail of Jesus Christ. It turns out that the Priory of Sion has spent centuries in protecting the ―truth‖ about Jesus Christ and the Roman Catholic Church. The quest is to discover that ―truth‖, hidden from the public since the time of Christ.

B. Approach of the Study

This study was using psychological approach. According to Robherger and

Woods (1971), this approach is used to seek the personality of the main character in the novel through his action and behaviour. By using the psychological approach, the main character‘s personalities can be analysed. From the theory of motivation, the researcher has seen how the main character solves the problems.

From the semiotics theory, the researcher analysed the signs that appears in the novel and the true meaning of the Holy Grail. The theory of semiotics is dealing with the signs and symbols. The researcher analysed the meaning of actions conducted by Robert Langdon, the main character of the story, by using that approach. This approach also has another function, which is to answer the research questions.

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C. Method of the Study

The method of the study is library research, which is used to analyse the data of the novel. For example the researcher uses the book titled Understanding

Unseens by M.J. Murphy and Sandra Graham and Bernard Weiner‘s article

Theories and Principle of Motivation. The library study method is about gathering the books used for the study. The researcher used books, journals, and some articles which have theories related to the study as the source of this study. The other source is the novel itself, The Da Vinci Code. To solve the research questions, the researcher accomplished several steps.

The first one is reading. The researcher read the novel several times in order to understand the story of the novel. Sometimes, the researcher marked some important information such as the name of the main character, the problem that the main character faces, and how the main character solves the problem. In this step, the researcher has to really understand every meaning of the novel.

The second step is looking for some terms and study. The researcher also read again the novel in order to find the surface meaning first before finding the deeper meaning of the novel. After that, the researcher decided to make a research questions which is about the meaning of actions of the main character and make it as the title of this study.

The third step is collecting the data and some theories from some books, journals, or articles that are related to this study. The theories that the researcher used is related to this study. The researcher then collected the data and the theories

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in order to answer the research questions. The data and theories are used to analyse and support the data analysis.

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CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the finding and data analysis of the study based on the two questions presented in the chapter I. The first question aims to find the characteristic of Robert Langdon as seen in the novel. The second question aims to find the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for Holy Grail.

A. Description of Robert Langdon

There are some characters in this novel, such as Robert Langdon, Sophie

Neveu, Jacques Sauniere, Aringarosa, Sir Leigh Teabing, Silas, Bezu Fache, and many other characters. According to Abrams (2005), characters are the people in a dramatic or narrative works interpreted by the reader, carrying such as moral, intellectual, and also dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say, like in the dialogue or in act. He adds that there are two kinds of characters. The first one is major character and the other one is minor character. The major character always appears in the whole story while the minor character is less important than the major character because the minor character is not fully developed and the function is to support the major character.

In this novel, Robert Langdon is categorized as a major character because he appears a lot in the story. Robert Langdon also fully develops himself in the story from the beginning until the end. He appears in every chapter and also takes a part in conflicts.

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In order to find out the characterization of Robert Langdon, researcher uses the theory of Murphy (1972). The major character‘s appearance is described in nine ways, those are: personal description, character seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of others, reaction, direct comment, thoughts, and mannerism. In this study, the researcher uses four of them as follow: personal description, past life, reactions, and mannerism.

The researcher divided the character of Robert Langdon into two parts.

The first part is about physical characteristics of Robert Langdon. It explains how

Robert Langdon‘s appearance is in the novel. The second part is psychological character of Robert Langdon. It explains the personalities of Robert Langdon in the novel.

1. Physical Characteristics

Robert Langdon is described by the author as a man who is an expert in symbols. He works as a professor of Religious and Symbology in Harvard

University. He is described as a mature man who has sharp blue eyes, strong jaw, and dimpled chin.

The past year had taken a heavy toll on him, but he didn't appreciate seeing proof in the mirror. His usually sharp blue eyes looked hazy and drawn tonight. A dark stubble was shrouding his strong jaw and dimpled chin. Around his temples, the gray highlights were advancing, making their way deeper into his thicket of coarse black hair. Although his female colleagues insisted the gray only accentuated his bookish appeal, Langdon knew better. (p.22)

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2. Psychological Characteristics

As a major protagonist character, Robert Langdon has personalities as follow: resourceful, reminiscent, open-minded, and claustrophobia. The researcher will explain Robert Langdon‘s personalities one by one. a. Resourceful

According to the Cambridge Advance Learner‘s Dictionary, historian is a person who studies about history and writes about it. Robert Langdon is a man with high intelligence. He almost knows everything. He knows the symbol, meaning, code, anagram, and even ancient Christian tradition in the past. He seems to know about everything. In almost every situation, he explains about the history of a secret society called the ‗Priory of Sion‘.

Robert Langdon knows the group called the Priory of Sion. He added that this group has a power in France and the members from all over Europe.

According to Robert Langdon, this group is one of the oldest surviving secret societies on earth. It was founded in Jerusalem in 1099 by French king named

Godefroi de Bouillon. (p.157)

Anagram is a word or phrase made by using some letters of another word or phrase in a different order. In this novel, Robert Langdon cracks Jacques

Saunière‘s anagram. He has a great skill to solve the anagram code.

Without another word, Langdon pulled a pen from his jacket pocket and rearranged the letters in each line. O, Draconian devil! Oh, lame saint! was a perfect anagram of... Leonardo da Vinci! The Mona Lisa! (p.137) "Rose," Langdon added, "is also an anagram of Eros, the Greek god of sexual love." (p.341)

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Together with Sir Leigh, Robert Langdon also cracks the meaning of chalice as a woman, not a cup. The shape of chalice looks like the shape of upside down triangle which is the ancient symbol of feminism.

Langdon could see she had made the connection. "The chalice," he said, "resembles a cup or vessel, and more important, it resembles the shape of a woman's womb. This symbol communicates femininity, womanhood, and fertility." (p.321)

Robert Langdon masters the ancient symbol used by pagan thousands of years ago. Even though the symbol is used a long time ago, he knows the meaning of ancient symbols like pentacle.

"It's a pentacle," Langdon offered, his voice feeling hollow in the huge space. "One of the oldest symbols on earth. Used over four thousand years before Christ." (p.59)

Langdon said that Symbols carried different meanings in different settings, the pentacle itself represented a nature worship. He added ancients envisioned the pre-Christian in two halves-masculine and feminine. The pentacle is represented of the female half of all things called the sacred feminine or the divine goddess.

(p.60)

Christian tradition is more likely adopting the symbol from pagan religion.

In this novel, Robert Langdon explains the origin of some symbols used by

Christian from the pagan religion thousand years ago.

"Transmogrification," Langdon said. "The vestiges of pagan religion in Christian symbology are undeniable. Egyptian sun disks became the halos of Catholic saints. Pictograms of Isis nursing her miraculously conceived son Horus became the blueprint for our modern images of the Virgin Mary nursing Baby Jesus. And virtually all the elements of the Catholic ritual— the miter, the altar, the doxology, and communion, the act of "God- eating"—were taken directly from earlier pagan mystery religions." (p.314)

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"Originally," Langdon said, "Christianity honored the Jewish Sabbath of Saturday, but Constantine shifted it to coincide with the pagan's veneration day of the sun." He paused, grinning. "To this day, most churchgoers attend services on Sunday morning with no idea that they are there on account of the pagan sun god's weekly tribute—Sunday." (p.314)

b. Reminiscent

Robert Langdon is a man who is typically easy to remind the past event when he tries to remind himself about something related to the situation. In this novel, Robert Langdon is recalling the past event when he is in the middle of conversation.

He felt himself suddenly reeling back to Harvard, standing in front of his "Symbolism in Art" class, writing his favorite number on the chalkboard. (p.130)

Langdon glanced up, feeling himself return from faraway thoughts. He realized he was standing at a dead stop on the stairs, paralyzed by sudden revelation. (p.136) c. Open-minded

Despite his fabulous genius, Robert Langdon is rather open-minded. He accepts other opinion, but he also gives explanation of the truth about something to the others. For example, when he has a lecture that explains some symbols to the students, he asks about what thoughts about his presentation of symbols are in their mind. Also, it is shown when he discusses about symbol with Fache. Robert

Langdon corrected Fache‘s perception about pentacle as a devil worship related to paganism. He added that pagans were literally unindoctrinated country-folk who clung to the old, rural religions of Nature worship. However, according to Robert

Langdon church In fact, has a strong fear of those who lived in the rural villes that

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the once innocuous word for "villager"—villain—came to mean a wicked soul.

(p.60)

d. Claustrophobic

According to the article of https://www.verywell.com/claustrophobia, phobia is defined as a fear of enclosed spaces. Like any phobia, the severity of claustrophobia can vary widely from person to person. Robert Langdon has claustrophobia. The word claustrophobia comes from the Latin word claustrum means a closed-in place and the Greek word Phobos means fear. Claustrophobia is the fear of being in a closed-in place such as inside elevator or being in an airplane. Robert Langdon is one of the characters in the novel who has this kind of phobia. Robert Langdon seems uncomfortable when he is in the elevator and the truck.

Langdon exhaled, turning a longing glance back up the open-air escalator. Nothing's wrong at all, he lied to himself, trudging back toward the elevator. As a boy, Langdon had fallen down an abandoned well shaft and almost died treading water in the narrow space for hours before being rescued. Since then, he'd suffered a haunting phobia of enclosed spaces— elevators, subways, squash courts. The elevator is a perfectly safe machine, Langdon continually told himself, never believing it. It's a tiny metal box hanging in an enclosed shaft! Holding his breath, he stepped into the lift, feeling the familiar tingle of adrenaline as the doors slid shut. Two floors. Ten seconds. (p.43)

B. The Meaning of Robert Langdon’s Decisions

In this study, the researcher divides the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision into two parts. The first part is the literal meaning and the second part is

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the deeper meaning. In order to know the literal meaning and the deeper meaning, the researcher uses the theory of motivation from Abraham Maslow (1954).

According to the theory of motivation, the decision of Robert Langdon to do some acts to find the Holy Grail is because of the motivation itself. There are five categories of needs that should be fulfilled start from the lowest to the highest level of needs. After the lowest needs fulfilled can be continue to the next higher needs.

The researcher uses theory of motivation to find the trigger of Robert

Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail, both literal meaning and deeper meaning. After that, the researcher can define the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail using the literal meaning and deeper meaning.

1. Literal Meaning

To know the literal meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail, the researcher explains the story related to the theories. In the novel, the main character named Robert Langdon has a quest to search for the

Holy Grail. Robert Langdon is a professor of Religion and Symbology. He has interest in solving puzzle and codes. In the beginning of the story, Robert

Langdon is asked by Fache about the purpose of Jaques Sauniere wanting to meet

Robert Langdon.

Robert Langdon does not know what matter they will be discussing. Also why Jaques Sauniere wants to meet him so badly. Robert Langdon thinks that it would be a discussion about art because they share the same interest.

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"Discuss what?" "I don't know. Art, I imagine. We share similar interests." Fache looked skeptical. "You have no idea what your meeting was about?"

Langdon did not. He'd been curious at the time but had not felt comfortable demanding specifics. The venerated Jacques Saunière had a renowned penchant for privacy and granted very few meetings; Langdon was grateful simply for the opportunity to meet him. "Mr. Langdon, can you at least guess what our murder victim might have wanted to discuss with you on the night he was killed? It might be helpful."

The pointedness of the question made Langdon uncomfortable. "I really can't imagine. I didn't ask. I felt honored to have been contacted at all. I'm an admirer of Mr. Saunière's work. I use his texts often in my classes." (p.41)

Robert Langdon really admires Jaques Sauniere. The proof is from the statement that says Robert Langdon is an admirer of Mr. Sauniere‘s work and often uses his texts in the class. Robert Langdon sometimes uses Jaques

Sauniere‘s texts when lecturing.

After that, Robert Langdon meets Sophie Neveu who introduces herself as

Jaques Sauniere‘s granddaughter. Sophie thinks that Robert Langdon is innocent, so she helps Langdon in clearing Langdon‘s name. Sophie also has a reason in why she helps Langdon. She has a photo of his grandfather who left a code for her and Langdon. She also has been contacted by her grandfather before about an important matter. However, Sauniere could not make it on time, so that is why he left a message for Sophie to contact Robert Langdon.

The researcher found some evidences to support a statement that a dying message left by Sauniere is to tell Sophie to get Robert Langdon in order to do something.

"Yes. And the letters P.S."

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"Post Script?" She shook her head. "P.S. are my initials." "But your name is Sophie Neveu." She looked away. "P.S. is the nickname he called me when I lived with him." She blushed. "It stood for Princesse Sophie" Langdon had no response. "Silly, I know," she said. "But it was years ago. When I was a little girl." "You knew him when you were a little girl?" "Quite well," she said, her eyes welling now with emotion. "Jacques Saunière was my grandfather." (p.105)

The initial P.S. from the Sauniere‘s dying message stands for Princess

Sophie and Sophie know Jaques Sauniere since she was a little girl years ago.

Then, the researcher also found the evidence of Sauniere‘s dying message. It is wiped off by Fache before Robert Langdon is shown the photo of Sauniere‘s dead body. Fache believes that Langdon has murdered Jaques Sauniere. Fache wipes the sentence ‗P.S. find Robert Langdon‘ purposely in order to bring the suspect in the crime scene and hopes that Robert Langdon incriminates himself.

"Because," she said, stepping toward him, "Fache's primary suspect in this murder is you." Langdon was braced for the words, and yet they still sounded utterly ridiculous. According to Sophie, Langdon had been called to the Louvre tonight not as a symbologist but rather as a suspect and was currently the unwitting target of one of DCPJ's favorite interrogation methods— surveillance cachée—a deft deception in which the police calmly invited a suspect to a crime scene and interviewed him in hopes he would get nervous and mistakenly incriminate himself. (p. 98)

She handed the page to Langdon. Bewildered, Langdon looked at the image. The close-up photo revealed the glowing message on the parquet floor. The final line hit Langdon like a kick in the gut. 13-3-2-21-1-1-8-5 O, Draconian devil! Oh, lame saint! P.S. Find Robert Langdon (p.100)

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After that Robert Langdon seeks a help from his friend Sir Leigh Teabing. His friend really knows about the mystery of the Holy Grail. So, Robert Langdon decided to visit Sir Leigh Teabing to seek for help. "No, I have a plan. There's a religious historian I know who lives near Versailles. I can't remember exactly where, but we can look it up. I've been to his estate a few times. His name is Leigh Teabing. He's a former British Royal Historian." (p.293)

Sir Leigh Teabing has a passion to the Holy Grail. According to Robert

Langdon, he has spent his life in order to find the Holy Grail. Robert Langdon thinks that he can found some information from him in order to search for the

Holy Grail.

"Teabing's life passion is the Grail. When whisperings of the Priory keystone surfaced about fifteen years ago, he moved to France to search churches in hopes of finding it. He's written some books on the keystone and the Grail. He may be able to help us figure out how to open it and what to do with it." (p.293)

In this part, the researcher found out that Robert Langdon trusts his friend.

He believes that Teabing will not call the police and will help him to search for the Holy Grail. That is why he needs a help from Sir Leigh Teabing. Robert

Langdon also knows that Teabing is someone who seldom to watch television especially in late hour. Robert Langdon‘s concern is the safety of himself and

Sophie. Robert Langdon thinks that if He asks help Teabing to find the Grail,

Teabing would be excited and pleased to help.

"Is this man a good enough friend?" Sophie asked. Langdon doubted Teabing was someone who watched television, especially at this hour, but still the question deserved consideration. Instinct told Langdon that Teabing would be totally trustworthy. An ideal safe harbor. Considering the circumstances, Teabing would probably trip over himself to help them as much as possible. Not only did he owe Langdon a favor, but Teabing was a Grail researcher, and Sophie claimed her grandfather was the actual Grand Master of the Priory of Sion. If Teabing heard that, he would salivate at the thought of helping them figure this out. (p.294)

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In this part, Robert Langdon applies another theory of motivation. The researcher found out that Robert Langdon is applying social needs. These needs are consisted of giving and receiving love, friendship, affection, belonging, association, and acceptance. Robert Langdon puts his trust to Sir Leigh Teabing.

Robert Langdon applies the social needs in the form of friendship. Robert

Langdon trusts his friend in order to help him solve the mystery of the Holy Grail.

Fache knows Robert Langdon is in Teabing‘s house. He is going to capture Langdon there. However, Langdon, Sophie and Teabing can escape from

Fache and fly to London. They find out another clue that leads them to London.

Langdon examined the thick vellum sheet. Written in ornate penmanship was another four-line verse. Again, in iambic pentameter. The verse was cryptic, but Langdon needed to read only as far as the first line to realize that Teabing's plan to come to Britain was going to pay off. IN LONDON LIES A KNIGHT A POPE INTERRED. The remainder of the poem clearly implied that the password for opening the second cryptex could be found by visiting this knight's tomb, somewhere in the city. (p. 427)

Sir Leigh Teabing is the one who sets up this quest. All the passion to the

Holy Grail makes him unstoppable. Then, he forces Sophie and Langdon to open the keystone because he knows that Sophie is one of the guardian of the grail and

Teabing cannot solve the riddle by himself.

The act of thinking, Langdon suspected, was exactly what Teabing wanted him to do. That's why he handed me the cryptex. So I could feel the weight of my decision. The British historian hoped the touch of the Grand Master's cryptex would make Langdon fully grasp the magnitude of its contents, coaxing his academic curiosity to overwhelm all else, forcing him to realize that failure to unlock the keystone would mean the loss of history itself. With Sophie at gunpoint across the room, Langdon feared that discovering the cryptex's elusive password would be his only remaining hope of bartering her release. If I can free the map, Teabing will negotiate.

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Forcing his mind to this critical task, Langdon moved slowly toward the far windows... allowing his mind to fill with the numerous astronomical images on Newton's tomb. (p. 548)

In this part, the researcher found out the motivation of Robert Langdon is to save Sophie from Teabing‘s gunpoint. He decides to help Sophie in order to search for the Holy Grail. According to the poem, the Holy Grail is located beneath the starry skies, between the blade and the chalice. However, in the end, they are still unable to locate the Holy Grail.

In conclusion, the researcher can define the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail. Robert Langdon wants to help Sophie find the Holy Grail itself, even though they are unable to find it. However, after a long quest, Sophie can meet the guardian of the grail. All Langdon‘s decision is to support Sophie to search for the Holy Grail.

2. Deeper Meaning

The deeper meaning explains the true meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision. The deeper meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision is implicitly can be seen in the novel. It is not only from the main character‘s sayings in the novel but also can be seen from the motivation of the main character to define the deeper meaning.

In this part, the researcher defines the deeper meaning of Robert

Langdon‘s decision from the literal meaning itself. The literal meaning of Robert

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Langdon‘s decision is to help Sophie search for the Holy Grail. The researcher analyses deeper meaning of Robert Langdon decision from how Robert Langdon helps Sophie in the novel.

In the scene where Robert Langdon knows that Jaques Sauniere was

Sophie‘s grandfather, Langdon sympathizes. (p. 105) He decides to help Sophie to find out her grandfather‘s murderer. The researcher found the deeper meaning for

Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail, which is to help Sophie solve the riddle given by her grandfather. According to theory of motivation by

Maslow, the researcher found out that Robert Langdon applies the social needs.

He helps Sophie and begins a quest to search the Holy Grail.

After Robert Langdon solves the answer of the riddle from the keystone, he hides the maps for him and Sophie. Teabing realises that Langdon solves the riddle by looking at the keystone. It is not scrambled anymore, it shows the word

A-P-P-L-E. Robert Langdon doesnot want to publish it to the world and keeps it in his pocket for a while. The researcher found out that Robert Langdon‘s decision is to keep the secret like the other Priory of Sion did for years.

Without blinking, Langdon reached into the breast pocket of his tweed coat and carefully extracted a delicate rolled papyrus. Only a few yards from where Teabing lay, Langdon unrolled the scroll and looked at it. After a long moment, a knowing smile crossed Langdon's face.(p. 556)

After that, Robert Langdon and Sophie read the maps and they find the last clue from the keystone. The first time Robert Langdon sees the map, he imagines the map will be in a coordinated form and it will show the location of the Holy

Grail. However, it is actually inthe Sauniere‘s final message. It is said in the first

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line, ‗The Holy Grail ‗neath ancient Roslin waits‖. Then, he and Sophie go to

Rosslyn Chapel to find the Holy Grail.

Rosslyn's rugged spires were casting long evening shadows as Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu pulled their rental car into the grassy parking area at the foot of the bluff on which the chapel stood. Their short flight from London to Edinburgh had been restful, although neither of them had slept for the anticipation of what lay ahead. Gazing up at the stark edifice framed against a cloud-swept sky, Langdon felt like Alice falling headlong into the rabbit hole. This must be a dream. And yet he knew the text of Saunière's final message could not have been more specific. The Holy Grail 'neath ancient Roslin waits. Langdon had fantasized that Saunière's "Grail map" would be a diagram— a drawing with an X-marks-the-spot—and yet the Priory's final secret had been unveiled in the same way Saunière had spoken to them from the beginning. Simple verse.Four explicit lines that pointed without a doubt to this very spot. In addition to identifying Rosslyn by name, the verse made reference to several of the chapel's renowned architectural features. (p.564)

In the end of the journey, Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu still cannot find the Holy Grail in Rosslyn Chapel. He returns the papyrus paper from the keystone to Marie, who appears as Sophie‘s grandmother.

Langdon had sensed the story went far deeper, but he also sensed it was not for him to hear. So he had stepped outside. Now, gazing up at the spires of Rosslyn, Langdon could not escape the hollow gnaw of Rosslyn's unsolved mystery. Is the Grail really here at Rosslyn? And if so, where are the blade and chalice that Saunière mentioned in his poem? "I'll take that," Marie said, motioning to Langdon's hand. "Oh, thank you." Langdon held out his empty coffee cup. She stared at him. "I was referring to your other hand, Mr. Langdon." Langdon looked down and realized he was holding Saunière's papyrus. He had taken it from the cryptex once again in hopes of seeing something he had missed earlier. "Of course, I'm sorry." (p.580)

The researcher found out that Robert Langdon finds the Holy Grail in the very end of the story. Robert Langdon doesnot give up and he keeps trying to find the Holy Grail. After he wakes up in the hotel, he realizes something in the

Louvre Pyramid. He finds out that there are two pyramids pointing to each other.

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The first pyramid represents the symbol of male ‗rudimentary phallus‘ and the other one represents the symbol of female that is also called a chalice. Robert

Langdon refers back to the Sauniere‘s final message from the keystone. It said

The Holy Grail 'neath ancient Roslin waits. The blade and chalice guarding o'er

Her gates. (p. 573)

Robert Langdon finally finds the Holy Grail which is Mary Magdalene herself. And then he kneels down and prays for the end of his quest.

Like the murmurs of spirits in the darkness, forgotten words echoed. The quest for the Holy Grail is the quest to kneel before the bones of Mary Magdalene. A journey to pray at the feet of the outcast one. With a sudden upwelling of reverence, Robert Langdon fell to his knees. For a moment, he thought he heard a woman's voice... the wisdom of the ages... whispering up from the chasms of the earth. (p. 592)

In conclusion, the researcher defines the deeper meaning of Robert

Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail is to keep the secret that has been protected from years ago. Robert Langdon himself decides to protect the secret of the Holy Grail, just like the Priory of Sion did before.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONSAND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter consists of two parts, Conclusions and Suggestions. In the first part, the researcher explains about the findings of the true meaning of Robert

Langdon‘s decision. In the second part, the researcher gives suggestions for the future researchers and also English teachers.

A. Conclusions

There are two points that can be concluded from this study. The first point is Robert Langdon‘s character. In The Da Vinci Code, Robert Langdon appears as the main character of the story. He always appears in the whole story. In the novel, the physical characteristics of Robert Langdon are he has sharp blue eyes, a strong jaw, and a dimpled chin. He is a professor of Religion and Symbology of

Harvard University. The psychological character of Robert Langdon is that he is a man who knows almost many different things because of his wide knowledge about history. He is also a reminiscent, open-minded, and a person who has a fear in closed-small room because of his experience in the past. He fell into the well when he was a kid.

The second point is about the meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail. The researcher divides this into two parts. The first part is the literal meaning and the second one is the deeper meaning. In the literal meaning, Robert Langdon‘s decision to search for the Holy Grail is to help Sophie

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Neveu to identify her true identity and help her to solve her grandfather‘s final message. He feels sympathy to the death of Sophie‘s grandfather. Then, the deeper meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision is to protect the secret of the Holy

Grail. Robert Langdon does not say anything about the location of the Holy Grail.

He keeps the secret by himself, just like the Priory of Sion did. He kneels down when he finds the location of the Holy Grail, is in the Louvre Museum. Robert

Langdon acts like the new Priory of Sion as the other four who were dead.

B. Suggestions

In this part, the researcher presents suggestions for future researchers and for English teachers that can be used as one of materials for teaching English classes.

1. Suggestions for Future Researchers

The future researchers can discuss many aspects from this novel. In this study, the researcher only focuses on meaning of Robert Langdon‘s decision to look for the Holy Grail. However, the future researchers can explore more about the novel. Perhaps, the future researchers can analyze about why Robert Langdon wants to help Sophie to find the Holy Grail and decided to keep the secret just like the Priory of Sion did.

2. Suggestions for English Teachers

For English teachers, this novel can be used as one of materials to teach

Prose and even Drama. There are a lot of mysteries hidden in this novel. The plot

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of the story is amazing. So it is recommended for English teachers to use this novel.

C. Reflection

The Da Vinci Code is a second novel written by Dan Brown. Before I know what the Da Vinci Code is all about, I thought the story is about the painter himself, Leonardo Da Vinci. But I was wrong, it told about the mystery of the

Holy Grail that became a legend. I love story about riddle and mystery, especially urban legend, creepy pasta and riddle stories that made me curious how to solve and answer the riddle. I think, this novel is suitable for me, especially for my study. For me itself, this novel has many good points. Those are the plot of the story and the riddles that makes me curious and a lot of information about history of Christianity in the novel. i.e. the existence of the priory of sion, the council of nicea and many other information.

The most interesting part for me in the novel is the story of Dark Age of the church in the past. The age when women who have freedom thinking is captured and tortured. They think women that have a critical thinking is a treat for

Christian church. Even though I rarely finish reading novels, I can finish read this novel and enjoy reading it. This is the first novel I can finish reading it.

Having completed reading the novel, I figure out that how Dan Brown making the story is very amazing. He can describe every scene and act very detail and make me curious what happen next. Having reading this novel also makes me feel close to God. I can reflect that God is beyond human and God himself. God

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has power and wisdom as a divine and love as a human. It is said in the novel that

Jesus married to Marry Magdalene and they have a child.

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Wyat, E. (2005). "Da Vinci Code Losing Best-Seller Status" (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/04/books/04code.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131012054731/http://www.nytimes.com/2 005/11/04/books/04code.html) October 12nd, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. The New YorkTimes.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX 1

Biography of Dan Brown Dan Brown is the author of numerous #1 bestselling novels, including The

Da Vinci Code, which has become one of the best-selling novels of all time as well as the subject of heated debate among readers and scholars. Brown‘s novels are published in 52 languages around the world with 200 million copies in print.

In 2005, Brown was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by TIME Magazine, whose editors credited him with ―keeping the publishing industry afloat; renewed interest in Leonardo Da Vinci and early Christian history; spiking tourism to Paris and Rome; a growing membership in secret societies; the ire of Cardinals in Rome; eight books denying the claims of the novel and seven guides to read along with it; a flood of historical thrillers; and a major motion picture franchise.‖

The son of a mathematics teacher and a church organist, Brown was raised on a prep school campus where he developed a fascination with the paradoxical

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interplay between science and religion. These themes eventually formed the backdrop for his books. He is a graduate of Amherst College and Phillips Exeter

Academy, where he later returned to teach English before focusing his attention full time to writing. Brown is currently at work on a new book as well as the

Columbia Pictures film version of his most recent novel, The Lost Symbol.

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APPENDIX 2

Summary of the Da Vinci Code

Harvard professor Robert Langdon receives an urgent late-night phone call while on business in Paris: the elderly curator of the Louvre has been brutally murdered inside the museum. Alongside the body, police have found a series of baffling codes. As Langdon and a gifted French cryptologist, Sophie Neveu,begin to sort through the bizarre riddles, they are stunned to find a trail that leads to the works of Leonardo Da Vinci – and suggests the answer to a mystery that stretches deep into the vaults of history. Unless Langdon and Neveu can dechiper the labyrinth code and quickly assemble the pieces of the puzzle, a stunning historical truth will be lost forever.