The Portuguese Period

 Vasco Da Game was the first European navigator to reach India by sea route.

 Gama reached at Kappad near Calicut on 20 May 1498. He was sent to India by Portuguese King Dom Manuel.

 Gama was received at Calicut by the Zamorin.

 Gama left Calicut and reached Kanoore at the invitation of Kolathiri Raja.

 Vasco-da-Gama reached Kerala in a ship called St. Gabriel.

 Gama returned to Lisbon in 1499.

 Gama second visit was in 1502.

 Gama reached Kerala for the third time in 1524 and died here on 29 December 1524 and was cremated at the St. Francis Church at fort Cochin. Later his mortal remains were brought back to Lisbon Portugal.

 The second expedition of the Portuguese to Kerala was led by Pedro Alvarez Cabral. He reached Cochin on 24 December 1500.

 Franciso d’ Almeda was the first viceroy of the Portuguese in the East. He was appointed in 1505 AD.

 Albuquerque is regarded as the greatest of Portuguese statesman who came to east.

 Kunjali Marakkar opposed the Portuguese.

 Kunjali marakkar were the traditional navel commanders of Calicut Zamorin.

 Kunjalis were four in number. Kutti ali was the first kunjali. The Policy of kunjali was “Hit and run”

 Fourth and last Kunjali was Muhammed Kunjali. He adopted the title “King of the moor” and “Lord of the Indian seas”.

 In 1600 the Kunajli IV was captured by the Zamorin and he was executed by the Portuguese at Goa.

 The bungalow type of building was introduced in Kerala by the Portuguese.

 The Portuguese introduced in India a number of agricultural products such as the cashew nuts, Tobacco, Custard apple, Guava, pineapple and Papaya.

 The chavittunatakam, the Christian counterpart of the Hindu kathakali was introduced the Portuguese.

 The synod of diamper (udaymperur) to reform Kerala church was conducted by the Portuguese (1599)