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Brown, Frederick Z The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project FREDERICK . BROWN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: February 2, 1990 Copyright 1998 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Yale Bre ster Morris U.S. Air Force University of Colorado Entry into Foreign Service 1958 Basic officer+s course Personnel ,illiam Macomber and Congressional .elations Nice0 France 191031912 Consular ork The .ainier U.S. Navy Bangkok 191231915 SEATi international staff Bachelor life in Thailand Mosco 191531917 Administrative ork Publications procurement Soviet security 7ocal embassy personnel Family life at embassy Ambassador 8ohler 9ietnam 191831970 Training 9inh 7ong Province in Delta Provincial advisory team 1 French influence Duong Hieu Hghia CO.DS program and :ohn Burns Personnel 197031971 .ecruiting for CO.DS Foreign Service and 9ietnam AID in 9ietnam Charles Hill Danang 197131973 Consul then consul general :ohn Dean Situation in Military .egion One Buddhists Security Effects if peace accords General Truong Easter offensive 1972 .efugees Political reporting Deteriorating situation Graham Martin Atmosphere in embassy other3 orldish Cyprus 197531971 DCM as manager Ambassador Cra ford .estoring morale Security concerns AID Political situation Discipline of U.S. Marines .elations ith U.S. embassies in Athens and Ankara Department of State Press .elations Office 197131977 Deputy spokesman Henry 8issinger Press corps Noon Briefing 9ance compared to 8issinger EA >Indochina 198031983 Indonesia0 Malaysia0 Brunei0 Burma and Narcotic Affairs ASEAN 2 .ichard Holbrooke Change of .eagan administration Paul ,olfo itz Foreign .elations Committee 198331981 Committee staff member 7eaving Foreign Service Senator Charles Percy Situation in Philippines 1985 9isit to the Philippines 1985 Senator 7ugar :ames Natch and :ohn Maisto Stephen Solarz Foreign Service and Congress INTERIVEW Q: Fred, I wonder if you could give me a little of your background. )here did you come from* B.O,N: I as born in Bryn Ma r0 Pennsylvania0 just to the est of Philadelphia on the Amain lineA in 1928. I ent to school at .adner Elementary School in ,ayne0 Pennsylvania0 and then to The Haverford School for eight years0 in Haverford0 Pennsylvania. My home is actually 9illanova0 across from the University. I graduated from The Haverford School in 1951 and spent four years at Yale University. Q: )hat was your major* B.O,N: My major as one of those funny0 divisional majors. It as called Divisional Major Number T o0 hich tells you a lot. 7iterature0 art and philosophy. Basically it as a liberal arts degree0 an A.B.0 ith a good deal of latitude to take hatever courses I anted and most of my courses ended up being in political science0 international relations0 history and English0 ith a smattering of French and philosophy0 music and the reBuired scientific courses. So it as basically a liberal arts degree. I graduated in 1950. Many in my class ere veterans. 9ery heavy veteran contingent. So I as 18 hen I ent in and most of the people I as ith ere 220 230 25. Q: How did you become interested in foreign affairs or the foreign service* B.O,N: My interest in the foreign service began ell back in high school hen my cousin0 a gentleman by the name of Bre ster Morris0 ho eventually as Ambassador to 3 Chad0 but I think more importantly0 as0 for t o tours of duty0 the deputy principal officer in Berlin0 hich eBuated to the American Ambassador to Berlin during the forties and C50s and C10s0 until e established relations ith the GD.. Bre ster Morris as my ideal. ,hen he ould come home on home leave from Germany0 Hitlerian Germany0 before ,orld ,ar II0 I ould see him. Then after the ar he served in Mosco 0 7ondon0 Bonn and Berlin. So he initiated my interest in the foreign service. I took classes in high school at Haverford School in international relations. They ere my favorite courses. At Yale0 international relations as my preferred field. T o eeks after I graduated from Yale in :une of 19500 the North 8oreans invaded the South. Q: -ou and I have the same patron saint. Kim Il Sung. B.O,N: Yes0 in effect my guiding light as 8im Il Sung and :oseph Stalin0 and very soon after graduating from college0 I as faced ith the familiar choice of enlisting in the armed forces or being drafted. I chose to enlist in the United States Air Force in September of 1950. I spent five years0 nine months in the US Air Force. Serving overseas in 7ibya0 for a year and a halfD Morocco0 for three monthsD on TDYD and other places33TeEas0 Georgia and Colorado. Q: )hat were you doing* B.O,N: Initially I as an enlisted man. I didnCt have time to get a commission. I as overseas by November of 1950 and only hen I got back did I go to Officers Candidate School. I started out as the base historian0 at ,heelus Field0 Tripoli0 7ibya. It as still under British administration. I as there at the time of 7ibyan independence. I as hat is kno n as an Aintelligence specialist.A I came back to the US in 19520 ent to OCS0 got a commission as a second lieutenant0 and spent almost three years as an officer in Emergency ,ar Plans of the Strategic ,ar Command. I as assigned to a B357 ing doing photo intelligence0 radar prediction0 emergency ar planning for nuclear strikes against the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Mostly at the Second Bomb ,ing at Hunter Air Force Base in Savannah0 Georgia. Then I got out of the Air Force0 ent back to school0 learned everything I had failed to learn at Yale University0 and got a masterCs degree in political science at the University of Colorado0 in Boulder0 Colorado in 1957. My concentration there as very heavily into international relations. I did my dissertation on policy making in the National Security Council0 hich in 19513570 as not a very old institution. It as something that people hadnCt really studied yet. It came into being in 19580 rightF So it as only eight years old. Actually Henry 8issinger had ritten the best material on decision making at that time0 a 4 book called Nuclear ,eapons and Foreign Policy0 and I as in my masters program0 involved in that. I took t o semesters to ard a Ph.D. at Berkeley0 here again I as studying for a general political science Ph.D. but having taken the foreign service ritten eEam in December 1951. In the spring of 1958 I as told that0 having taken the oral0 either I accepted the appointment into the foreign service or I as indefinitely deferred. So I as faced ith the choice in the spring of 19580 of either continuing my graduate ork at Berkeley or entering the foreign service ith an FS. appointment0 hich I accepted. I came into the service in April of 1958. Q: Did you take the basic training into the foreign service* B.O,N: I took the A3100 at the Foreign Service Institute. As I recall it as eight or t elve eeks. Q: Could you sort of typify the officers who came in with you* )hat was the outlook* B.O,N: My recollection is that our class as a transitional class a ay from the traditional Ivy 7eague recruitment that as so familiar to us in the 30Cs and 50Cs0 into a much more geographically distributed selection. As I recall e ere a class of about t enty some people. 9irtually all of us0 oddly enough0 had either a bachelorCs degree or an advanced degree from an Ivy 7eague school. But the B.A.Cs in the class ere very idely distributed all over the country. So it as a class that as beginning to move a ay from the Ivy 7eague fiEation of previous decades. Q: )ere they mostly veterans* B.O,N: A lot of our class ere veterans0 but by no means0 all. ,alter B. Smith II and I ere the t o oldest people in the class. I as 29 and during the A3100 or shortly after0 I turned 30. So I as fairly old. In fact I may have been the oldest person in the class. There ere a smattering of very young people. T enty t o0 t enty three0 t enty four years old. But I ould say that most of the people in the class ere not veterans. Q: That is a change then. )hat about minorities and women* B.O,N: ,e had t o omen in our class. DonCt forget this as the era of tokenism. ,e had t o omen in our class0 one of them ent on to be ambassador0 Melissa ,ells0 to several African posts and maybe at the United Nations0 as ell. UNESCO0 something like that. ICm trying to think if e had a black American. My recollection is that e did not. I ould have to look at my class list. There ere several :e ish Americans0 but I must say it as pretty much a ,ASP class0 generally speaking. Q: )hat was the outlook* )hy were you all in and what did you see yourselves doing* 5 B.O,N: This as a pre38ennedy class. Not pre3historic. Pre3:F8. I ould say that our outlook as Aenlightened Eisenho er0A shall e say. This as the aning years of the Eisenho er administration. As I recall0 I am speaking mainly for myself0 but I think I as not uniBue. ,e had a very strong sense of service. In the good sense of the ord.
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