The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project HARRISON LEWIS Interviewed by: Self Copyright 1994 Harrison Lewis TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Texas, raised in California Early years in California Schooling World War I Flu epidemic University of California, Berkeley; Harvard University; University of Chicago European visit Foreign Service Preparatory Course Entered the Foreign Service in 1930 Nogales, Mexico: Vice Consul 1930 Nogales recent history Ambassador Dwight Morrow State Department: Foreign Service School 1930-1931 White House visit Introduction to the Foreign Service Singapore, Malaysia: Vice Consul 1932-1933 Trade letters Chinese Anecdotes of daily life Environment Recreation Selangor Club Regional and world travels Tiger hunt Chettiar faith ceremony Rubber reporting ((Hiatus) Leipzig, Germany: Consular Officer 1935-1937 1 Consul General Ralph Bussser Hilda Gertrude Bruhm Nazis American Jews Furtwangler Adolph Hitler Commercial reporting 1936 Olympics Jessie Owens Marriage to Hilda Honeymoon Jacob D. Beam Home leave Yellowstone National Park Calcutta, India: Economic Officer 1937-1940 Travel en route Consul General J.C. White Environment Visit to Leipzig Impending war Journey to US Son Torick University of Chicago: Economics studies 1940-1941 Exploring Chicago museums and galleries Environment State Department 1941 Bern, Switzerland: 1942-1946 Travel en route: Spain, Portugal Germany declares war on US Consul General Huddle Axis economic reporting Allen Dulles Fall of France Environment Family arrival Consulate staff Home leave Visit to Leipzig, Germany (Wife’s family home) Budapest Hungary: Chief Economic Officer 1946-1948 Stephen T. Thuransky rescue Communists 2 Political prisoners Persona non grata American commercial presence Operations Howard and Mary Hilton Living conditions Environment Visit to Leipzig, Germany Permit difficulties Via Czechoslovakia Christmas dinner Permit controversy Letter describing conditions Economic situation Russian exploitation “Seven” Men of Moscow” Regional travel Vienna, Austria: Political Reporting Officer 1948-1949 Housing Environment Black Market Birth of son Robert Wife’s parents’ visit Home leave Lake Success, N.Y.: US Delegation to the United Nations 1949 Representative of Department of Labor South Korea AID program Advisor to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt Department of State: Office of Chinese Affairs 1949-1954 Communist China shipping and trade Family illness and family matters Apple picking at Stribling’s Orchards Tokyo, Japan: Commercial Attaché 1954-1956 Voyage to Tokyo Economic and commercial reporting Family activities Earthquakes Recreation Visit to the Emperor of Japan Dr. Evan Lewis Department of State: Assistant Economic Officer for 1956-1958 3 The Philippines Ambassador Bohlen Australian grain shipments John Wesley Jones Son Jack’s letter of praise for Landon School Bremen, West Germany: Consul General 1958-1962 Consulate staff Consular duties Official and social activities German-American Club Wife’s family visits American Field Service Family activities Ambassador and Mrs. Walter C. Dowling Home leave The Great Plains Development Association Consular Women’s Club Harrison Lewis Recollections of Bremen Kaisen Home leave and transfer Valetta, Malta: Principal Officer/Chargé d’Affaires 1963-1965 Office Staff American aid to Malta Diary of Official and Social activities Death of President Kennedy Local officials SS American Eagle problems S.S. Springfield visit Catholic Relief Service Mrs. May Ballou Prime Minister George Oliver Independence ceremony and celebrations Duke of Edinburgh Sir Edward Wakefield University of Malta Taipei Ambassador Chow Art in Embassy Program Sixth Fleet visit MEMOIR 4 Life of a Diplomat: As a diplomat, my ambition was to do what I could to prevent war IN OLD CALIFORNIA When we moved to California from Texas, it was in the midst of the depression of 1907. In Dad’s interest in the brokerage business in Los Angeles for building materials, he received a reply to an inquiry dated January 25, 1908 stating that the present was not a good time to start a business as there has been nothing that was not absolutely required to be done and there was a very marked falling off in our tonnage of all kinds of building materials. Notwithstanding this negative advice, we came to Los Angeles from Amarillo and set up the California Builder’s Supply on November 2, 1908. Our first home was in an old gingerbread house above the old Angels Flights on a hill that covered 3rd Street where there had been a tunnel. The hill was taken down many years later with the whole lot of houses and the Angel Flights to make room for the Los Angeles opera and the music hall. Dad was indeed a go-getter by nature and it was typical how he went about getting the big manufacturers of building materials to appoint him as their agent for Southern California. He told me, in recalling the incident years later, that he first rented a big office and hired a secretary and installed a telephone so that when the first building goods manufacturer came in to see his prospective agent, he was actively receiving telephone calls from an imaginary competitor, and his attractive secretary was sorry but Mr. Lewis was engaged on the phone and would he wait. Dad got the agency all right and others soon followed. It was a get-rich-quick story and I remember we were soon riding around in a big, long, red sports model of a Ford with a jump seat to which I was unhappily relegated behind my parents. Then came Dad’s first illness. It seems that he could not finance a railroad car of building supplies and the stress of that was his undoing. It completely ruined his business and he had to close down the office and dismiss his helpers. Dad was fortunate to arrange with a Mr. Bundy, one of the wealthy landowners in Los Angeles, to grubstake us. It amounted to 240 acres, of which 80 acres were to go eventually to Mr. Bundy. The main purpose in staking out a claim on this remote sagebrush-covered land in a desert with only a meager supply of well water was the prospect of oil. It was hoped one day we would strike it rich. The adjoining low hills just to the east were covered with tall wooden oil derricks some five miles north of Lost Hills. To prove the claim, the land had to be occupied for at least a year and a certain part of it planted in a crop. My father went out to Lost Hills in advance of my mother and me, and he was joined by a friend, Claude Hurlbut, who was a surveyor by profession. 5 Mom and I moved to Mrs. Points, a rooming house a few blocks from Westlake Park. While there we took a trip on an interurban street car to see the orange groves; it was a wonderful thing to see oranges everywhere. The big red streetcar arrived and we went by car all over to visit them. By now, they probably have long since been taken away to provide space for houses. I remember that I met some neighborhood boys who were selling lemonade. One of them was a rich boy who lived across the street. One day he suggested going over to his house to look around. I followed and as no one was home at that time and he found his mother’s purse, he gave me a dollar and took one himself. I went down to the baker near the corner of Westlake Park and pretty well splurged most of it on small cakes and whatever attracted me and went home. Showing the loot to my mother, she asked me where I had gotten the dollar. She decided immediately to get it back and took me down to the baker and prevailed on him to take back the uneaten goods and returned the dollar to the rightful owner. One time I had an unfortunate accident. I fell and drove a nail into my hand; it had been driven into a board and it went right through my palm. Mother immediately took me across the street to a doctor who pulled it out and dressed the wound. While there, I observed his wonderful, red decorated glasses and they made such an impression on me that when, many years later, I was married, I asked my bride to buy a beautiful red decorated glass for me, which we still have. When Mom and I went up several months later, Dad had bought a horse and wagon and set up a one-room, portable house about 10 by 15 feet. The house had a door at either end and a window on each side. I’ve forgotten what kind of wood the walls were made of, but the roof was made of a framework of two-by-four boards covered on the outside with redwood shingles. I remember the roof particularly well because one windy day after we had been on “the desert”, as we called it, Dad and I came back to the house to find Mother in her nightgown, standing on the iron frame, double bed, hanging on to the two- by-fours of the roof, which had become entirely loose and ready to sail away. She was yelling at him to help. It was at that moment that I surely thought she was going to take off like the little girl in The Wizard of Oz. The house was extended later by adding a room of plain boards and a lean-to which was my bedroom. We also had a barn. At first, Dad had dug a hole in the ground with a ramp and covered it over for a stable, but later Mom and I were able to bring home the necessary lumber. We took the wagon and, by following along for several days where a new power line had been put up some miles from home, gathered a large number of shiny, new long crates, which were just right for the sides and the roof of the new barn.