EPISCOPAL CHU~I-IMEN for SOUTH
Room 1005 • 853. Broadway, New York, N. Y.l0003 • Phone: (212) 477-0066 - For A Free Soutllem AlricfI- CHRISTMAS 1979 D EAT H Another young South African has been sentenced to death. Mncedisi Daniel James Mange, 24, was condemned to hang for treason in a Pietermaritzburg court on 15 November. This is the first death sentence handed down in South Africa for a political crime not involving a killing since World War II. The trial revives the use of treason as a charge - rather than sole reliance on the Pretoria regime's many selective repressive acts peculiar to South Africa.
James Mange and 11 other members of the African National Congress, banned in South Africa since 1960, were also charged with sabotage and various acts of terrorism. The State claimed they received military training in Angola, Libya r the Soviet Union and East Germany. Most are in their mid or late-twent1es, and like Solomon Mahlangu - the patriot who was hanged despite world outcry in April - are 'graduates' of the June 1976 uprising which began in Soweto. James Mange, obvious leader of the Pietermaritzburg 12, was singled out to die. When the judge ordered the trial to be he~d in camera. they dismissed their defense attorney and defied the court. They sang freedom songs and on the day of sentencing displayed placards in their specially-constructed dock reading: 'Apartheid is a crime against humanity', 'Apartheid is high treason', and 'Never on 9ur knees'. James Mange's comrades are: John Sekete, 24 Tladitsgas Molefe, 23 Jefferey Legoabe, 30 Taibe Ngbeni, 27 Andrew Mapheto, 20 Bennet Komane, 46 Titis Maleka, 25 Sydney Choma, 23 Mandlenkosi Hadebe, 27 Mandala Mthetwa, 22 Vusumuzi Zulu, 28 They received sentences from 13 to 16 years in prison. THE VOICE of Soweto quotes Ms Dipuo Pauline Moerane 20 Mange's fiancee Just.ate: f h.er.release from nearly a year in detent1on:! , 'Oh God, please , let Mnced1s1 11ve for our three-year-old son's sake. Lehlohonolo Prince has not seen him for a year now, and misses his father a lot. He's always asking for him. ' When Solomon Mahlangu was hanged last spring, President Carter at the last minute appealed for his life. This time we must get him to act sooner. Send your messages to: President Jimmy Carter The White House Washington, DC 20500 Urge him to appeal for clemency to: State President Marais Viljoen Pretoria, South Africa Divided and forgotten, the illegal squatter ca~np which was the rallying point of anti.Apartheid in South Africa now faces closure. OLIVER PALGRAVE reports. 1.~inal instalment of Crossroads?
EARLIER THIS YEAR many Having deprived blaaks simply cannot and will him he would be the first nice to you. Eventuall)' yoU tums his. hack 00 us he will people in South Africa and Crossroads of the external flot obey. Worse still, it hit ~(inister to be responsible for are so relie\'~ with the man make his G"vernment a liar. els"where breathed a sigh of assistance upon Which it now the international hcadNnes a demolitinn on his first day being nice to you that you Koornhof is really tryinlt to relief and joyoosly hailed a dE!!Pends, his task shOUld be the second t.he authorities Of oUice. don't have to fight with him, help us. Why can't people r"prieve for Crossroads, t'lMl simple. The 18.000 victims threatened to bulldoze it. Anxinus to avoid an unne· and you somehow try to see believe that?" illegal squatter camp Wlhich bave been divided by hiS Following the mohmsation ce!ssary uproar, and doubtless his point of vie-w. The W'bole But wbat neither she nor bad been threatened witb diplomacy and forgollen by of anti·apa·rtheid groups eager to protect his tiberal thing is hrilllant." anybody else in Crossroads demolition by Government the world, throughout the w 0 rid. reputation, Koornhof decided Once Koornhof had made realised was that Koornhof bulldozers. The victory, Cros.sroads came into being Crossroads soon r"placed to negotiate. An elected dele It clear that there would be had simultaneously conceded however, was a strange one. as a makeshift bome for over S()weto as a synononym for gatinn of seven members no discussion of the propo to Right'WlDg pressure to 'rhe euphoria came almost 20,OCO people as a re'ult of oppression in Soulh Afri'ea. from Crossroads, two com· sals, some felt there was raise the penalties for exclusively from tbe ~ple the chronic housing shortage Its fate came to be seen as munity workers, and three little point in continuing willi employers of iIIcJ.:al workers. and organisations who had in the' official black town· a critical te"t case for the external advisers were chosen the talks. This position was As a result. thousanrts in the campaigned on behalf of the ships, a.-.d because the wives policy towa'rds urban blacks, t represent the camp. hotly contpJ;ted by their camp would lose their jobs camp but not from and children of miRrant The Government, conscious senior advisor, a proCessor and thus become Ineligi'ble From the start. the nel:otia from the University oC Cape Crossroads itself. workers found tbe forced of the erratie manoeuvrings tlpns were one-sided. Dele. for places in the new town· Whilst cape Town reporters separation from their men· of Its crilics, responded by glites were sworn to secrecy. Town. who convinced them I ship which the)' bad been wrote of .. tears of joy" in folk financially and emo favourahle deal might still be promised. stalling. tbus preventing accoun reached. the camp, otbers found tionally intolerable. The bulldozers were set tability to !!Jeir constituency. This duplicity has aroused anger. confusion and Internal In defiance of the over aside and a less spectacular and the original requests of Soon Koornhof and the aca· little indignation from the hostility tbat had not pre crowded. crime·ridden town course of action was adopted the camp - above all that demic were meeting dail,y for usual critics. and contrary to Viously been· awarent. Over ships, not to mention lhe - intimidation. Throughout tl,e community should not be breakfast. and with \'he the chairwoman's belief, ni~ht, the coorageous unity pOI'erty of the Transkcl, 1978 pressure on t·he camp s~lit up - were thrown out. assistance of the camp's legal oohody . has denounced the which had done much to cap· apparently because they advisor. a rehousine plan was CrI""oads evolved Into a was stepped up with a view formilla.ted. South African Government as tnre the acclaim and bac! Total Strategy. Constellation of Southern African States. Fortress Southern Africa. South African Prime Minister Pieter Willem Botha and his team of economic technocrats and military men are engaged in a gigantic shifting of gears to attempt to contain the thrust for freedom in South Africa and the countries in the surrounding region. The rulers in Pretoria have made an exhaustive reappraisal of what faces them and are utilizing all the power at their command to maintain control over South Africa and to achieve domination over the entire sub-eontinent. Private enterprise is being enlist ed in the grand scheme at 'the threshold of our economic upswing' and South Africa's financial) conmercial and industrial corranunity looks forward to entering a golden fu~ ture. Golden indeed. Tripling of the price of the yellow metal swells South Africa's coffers and symbolizes the plunge for wealth. Industrial growth, increase of foreign investment, the rise of tourism, sports events} the accelerating exploitation of min eral wealth, coupled with Pretoria's tightened security and defense system make South Africa and environs a dream place for multinational corporations and those who thirst for a stable, profitable spot in the turbulent ~r1d. South Africa's new look bears resemblances _. in translation ~" to American moves to meet and blunt the civil rights demands of the 1960s in the USA. Pretoria allows a few black businessmen to Partake of some of the goodies. Botha and company are busy emplacing a black elite in urban areas and in the bantustans. Apartheid has been pro nounced dead, or at least dying. ~Jhatever differences Washington and Pretoria may have in timing and methods pale before common concerns: preservation of Southern Afri ca as a Western-controlled region> access to the vast mineral resources thereof by JIDl1tinational corporations; securing the Cape route: keeping at bay the bugaboo of Soviet and Cuban influence; destroying, or at least crippling, African liberation novements of South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe. Ultimately targetted in the concept of the Southern African constellation are Angola,Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique. Beneath the lure of gold and stability and unlimited growth rates lies the reality of the lives of most of the inhabitants of this tarnished constellation. Some of these realities are presented in this bulletin. 'How free can an economy be in whiah the vast majority of its pcuotioipants are most decidedly not free by any normally aaaeptable definitions? - Howard P1'eeae. financial editor~ RAND DAILY MAIL The Plural Relations Amendment Act is one of this year's pieces of legislation by which the South African regime turns the screws even tighter on the country's African majority. The aim of apartheid laws has been and continues to be control over the lives and JOOve ments of all Africans so that the white minority can be supp1ted with black labor with out being 'inundated! by blacks. The following S-page report by Ms ~heena Duncan> dir ector of the Black Sash organization I s Johannesburg office, shows that the inefficiency of the system has been repaired - at excruciating frustration; anger and anguish for those affected by it. Here, too, are some reactions to the report: 'In 1978" the angeI' aame fI'om the peopZe's heads - it was mope ideologiaaZ. Now it is coming from their guts~ and that is muah moI'e seI'ious. I - Bishop Desmond Tutu, geneI'al secretary3 South AfPican CounaiZ of Churches 'I am not a prophet~ but the depth and range of angeI' is more widespread than before June Z8 (Z978). It's not just the sahooZahiZdren today.' - DI' Nthato MotZana3 ahairman of the Soweto Civic Assoaiation 'The BZaak Sash has exaggerated the situation. There are probZems~ and it aouZd get worse~ but it is not as expZosive as they say', - Riahard Maponya~ Soweto businessman ecsq xmas 79- ..... l' .•• ,.• ." .' : THE BLACK SASH . JOHANNESBURG ADVICE OFFICE .. ZMERGENCY REPORT - NommER 1919.. 'J' t On the 8th November the Prime Minister said that 8 reckless or careless OovB1'Mlentoould turn South Afrioa into a powder keg within a Ilatter ot daYS. . . , In the Advice Offio we 8re now watohing the fuse to that powder keg .bum ahorter by the daY...... f." Never in the sixteen years since this offioe Was opened have we exPerienced Buoh &nGer expressed by Black people or such a sense of impending oatastrophe• ',\ . Never have we felt more urgently the need to try to commu.nicate to white South ...... ". I.·· ••.. "'Africans the realities of what is happening. . . .. " .. ~., ". , The pass laws have alwaYS been one of the main .oauses of Black ",. ':al1eA8tion but it historians who 1Jl the future write ot our times are able to 'i.,ol.te'the final straw which precipitated: disaster it may well prove to·b.t~s· ~ear':. ,legial tion, introducing the tine otR500 whioh can. flOW ,be ~~sed,on·--:t~ ,employer of.an unregistered worker.' . "., .... The sie;nificanoe of this legislation has been o~scured by the three month . ,'. moratorium and by the general delusion that the Riekert report Wa8 to be welcomed 8S.• tremendt)l.IS step forward. The fine is 8 direct result of Dr. Riekert's . . reoo"",end.atioZls and goes hand in hand. with the implemantation of another of his '. r.ooDDend~tions that' ''Labour Bureaux should exeroise strict control over the admission of contract workers._....tt Up to now the only saving factor for the'people controlled by the pass laws has been the total inefficiency of the system. All the vast, pondero\JS and expensive struoture of influx control and efflux enforcement has not been able to prevent people from moving to plaoes where they could find work. They have beon 'J.mpelled by the necessity of earning a living for themselves and for the 'survival . of their children, and illegal jobs have been readily .available. . , .'.' ,!'he Finanoial Mail of 12th Ootober, 1979 publisheCl .!& .tableprep;lred b..v , .,»1'. Jan Lange of L'NISA shOWing how' workers benetit from urban work wen if they have to go to prison as 8. consequenoe. There is a 702,7dJ improvement in living' ataDdards tor 8 worker from Ciskei who works illegally in Pietermaritzburg tor nine months and spends three months in prisqn, a 170% improvement for someone from Lebewa who works six months in Johannesburg and spends six months ,in prison. 8nc1 8. ~,~ improvement for a person from Bophuthatswana who works only three months in Pl'etoria and spends nine mO':.ths in prison: Someone from Ciskei who works illegally in Pietermaritzburg for three months and spends nine months in. prison U1proves ,his livin~ standards by 234, ~ ., . .,. . '.&s far as we know Pietermaritzburg has never been shown to be a city where emPloyel's Pl!lV exceptionally high wages. Such vast percentage increases in living Itandards. won at suoh biBb cost, oan only mean that living standards in ths Ciskei are at'andards of such abysmal poverty that "living" i8 probably the wrong word to ,ue about them. The Cilk.i Ieems to be the most poverty strioken of all ,the homelands_.becaule of the extent of the dumping of -,'superfluous" Black people from Io-calleclllhite South Africa which has taken plaoe there but the other bo.m81andl ,:,~ ....,-; .•1'. not tar behind in the poverty .takes in ell those JDa1\Y areas .where larp scale .. 'l'..etUement has taken placo. . '. " • O'.I:J '.1.- , , .' r.~ ':.::'Th. ~n tina aeaD8 that /;,;.... -' .. Page 'lwol. ., - Page Two - '!'he new fine Ileefte that there will now bo no more illeol, work, available. ApproximatelY 50 000 people have been registered. on on& year contracts - in terms of the moratorium. Man.Y of them will' probebiy not be in the BaIlIe job at the end !'.f. '.~pe contract period and 80 will not be able to register again. SOI'!e have already lost t~lo1r jobs and have been endorsed out. Tho&.lSends did not fulfill the necessary-conditions-or did not find,s job or lawful accommodation in time to be reeistered. To these must be added the thousands ot new homeland job , aeekers who will be precipated into the lebour market at the end of this school year. There will also be the many lsbour tenants who sre ourreptly being removed from lend in Natal where they have been sble to grow crops '&nei keep cattle into , closer set~lements where th~ o~y have 8 suburban sized sarden with no readily , ava~lable water and wh~re no ~ivestoc~ is all~¥ed. They are thus bein,g. rendered , ant1rely dependent on Jobs WhlCh the,t are not allowed to take. '!'hey w111 swell :, the erest arII\Y of jobless, hopeless, poverty stricken people in rural'areas. , Over and ov~ again during the lest few weeks men snd women' have said ", to u. ,''.Bllt IfrI children have no food". "ItY ohildren are hungryn., "What will Irrf '. ohildren eat?u. Poverty, hunltor and the diseaseD of malnutrition have been a WaY .. of life'for thoWlands' of South African families for 'many ,ears. . WorlCseekers in ., "he holAelands er. not allowed to GlOve 'tio, the ciUeB to .eek for work and, if they', : 40 aD, ,;&1'e not, allowed to register i.n job. *hltY have tound.,l~. ""'he 'oaly -83 .JA.•whiCh . : , .. "'"th" Can obtaiJ:l.le6U employment,,1e,.1t .t~ ar. recruited or 'requisitioned '£rO~ lhe :l.bol1l' bureau in 'their home .rea~· 'Such -reCruitment::l.s'llov ',.ug .trlc'l,.·iflb~:'c, . ',trolled and cut'baCk. ":' Until this ,e~r people have been able,to find illegal work and so bavo' ,aurvived. Now, for 'the first time ln all our experience, we have no hope and' no comfort to offor to ,the WU'egistered and the endorsed out. AlwaYS before we, aJ'l'l ,they h9ve mown that 'they would be able to go on somellew, even it it lleant arrest and. imprisonment from time to time. All hope has now been rOlllOv:~d and when .1011 take hope .WaY all that is left is rage and l'llger, bitterneAs and hatred. '!'ilis anger ls not goine' to b~ confined to the homelands. People are not going to go and eit to watch thoir sons and daughters die of hunger. TheY will , .. remain in town and, as they are hounded from their places of illegal accommodation, (another of Dr. Riekert' s recommendations) their r8b'8 will be fuelled to fuel Dzsin the,ra«e of those who are legally in town and to whom s~ man.Y promises have been ...4, ,but not fulfilled. ,"', '.' " Dr'.lCoornhof' bas 88id'that Dr. 1l1~ert'" recommendation :~at'S.ct1on'io q~ified' urban people can move from one town to another provided they h8ve 8 job and acoommodetion 1s already in operation. The We~t Rand Board 1s endorcing them out. (Does thQ bllraallora~ deliberately misinterpret or obstruct ministerial promises?) . ' .' ~ • Dr. JCoornbof has aaid that U' a man b~s 8 house his wife can come to tOl-1n ,'.. to live with him. 'Weither the East Rand nor the West Rand Adminiatrat1011 :Board baa initiated any schemes for low oost hOUBing. WRAB'S cheapest bouse tor purchase , oosts, 16,600. We have been told thet El\AB telfsL people who apply to ba,y thet, the 'cheapest house requires an immediate deposit of Rl 600. Naither Board wil~ acoept ,• Il&ft OIl to the weiting list to rent a bouse unless his vj,fe bas • permi.t to ~e , in the _esand ahe DaMOt get that permt until he ~s a house. In a~ evant the vaUlna l1at tor a rented house in Saveto 1s nine yeers lcn6.. :" People who hAve b.en 011 ,the'liet 81nO. 1910 are told that tht\Ywill nevar 8'lt • hol18e wess, thfiUr .:. bur Oil. aM,fIO.t clo not .arn enough to Ilake that wen a remote poa.lbillty. !h~ ·ere pre.anUy,••tohine vith bitterness the wealthy who can afford to blQ' jumping ,', ,.; the ._~.. .",., ., ' , ' .' . , _, ' " ;" : :',-, . . :",.,', .' ··':OJ2l.y the t. whO .can atford .to pa,y tor their privUegel or who work for. ,.' "81'1 larp QgJIPani...•are uPerlencing an.Y benefits trom the chanpa which have i»ear. , 'eo ll1ob"talbd about. ------:r------~-----~~~... Page Three - .. jpart from ell questlons ot justice and morality could anything-be'more dangerous? The present visible alliance between Government and big business in :' . the "total strate!:{tt which is seen to be causinc immediate personal disaster to ilfousanda of' individuals Can only resalt in the Black/White politioel conflict becoming irrevocably identified wi th tho Marxist/Cspitaliet economic conflict. Any so-oalled free enterprise system which totally denies all freedom to the majority of the people oannot possibly survive. Those' who believe that the benefits of oapitalism and free enterprise can be spread through the whole popul.ation and Can bring about justice must prove it and must do so~~ Tomorrow will be too late. The folloWing oases are not just a rew horror stories selected for their shock value from months of work. They all presented themselves during the lest ten daYS. They Bre all typical of many others. They arc all people who ere 8uff~ring, ,entirely hopeless, and very very angr,y. : ~; .•:';. .~.. ... , ", ~ '" 'me Z. was endoraed 'out on 8th Wovember. ',He has a tiffe and tnree children at i ql1tllwhere he lives ~n.' closer setUement. lie ueecl to have J cows 'and the '~e of laM to grow.crops but was resettled-in '1972 and 'foroed 'to Bell~ 'the -osttl-e. Wow he be. J1othing. "His last 'COntract mpired ,fa ,OctOber 1918 ,.aM. be" baa ; remained working illegally in Johannesburg 'since because he has DO al'ternat1ve. :", i Now he can no longer find illegal work tlnd ;i.s refused 'registration in his pre:;ent 'job.'·· " , MRS. S. is a widow. She oame toJohsnne~burg from Orobleradal in 1965 and wan proviously registered in employment to 20th March 1978. She then worked illeGall~' - :;. but on 1st October 1979 began working for a new employer who tried to registe~ ;'c::r. ,.,.', ·iShe was endorsed out - ordered to leave Johannesburg within 72 hours - on 6th , .. . November. She did not comply with the terms of the moratorium because she had .' been recistered for Borne of tha time durinB the previous three years and it on1~r applied to those who had ,been illef$'ally "employed. H~r employer tried to regis~cr' ,,', her too late but it would have made no difference had they been in time. She hr,s one ohild, two others have died, a blind father and two blind siblings to support. 'MR. lI. was. endorsed out on 2nd November. He belon3S nowhere at all havine been born on the farms at lIeilbron, worked in VereeniginE;' trom 1940 to 1963 and in , . Johannesburg since then, sometimes registered and sometimes not. JU,s wife is a :'Joha~esburi person who has been living leaslly in 'the emere;en.QY l'all11, aocommodation provided by lffiA13 in the Meadowlands Hostel, sinoe the Kliptown n.DoUE " of 1971. For this sordid aocommodation she hus to raY R45.60 a month beoauso ,the 'teftl11y oocupies eight so-called bods. They have! four minor children and ' ,a180 support two IIinor ohildren of her deceased mottler. The moratorium could. not help !B.:...! beoause his three years previous employment was leeal. MRS. 'R lias 'endorsed ~ut on 6th November. She has been in her present job which aba must now lae-ve, for over 15 months but her employer didn't bother t6 try to 'register until it Was, too late, 1n spi,te of the impassioned appeals ofmS.H' ~ " hu.sbaDd who is s qualified Johannesburg person. The,yhave two email children., , ~ '188 oxdered to leil~e on 6th November. His last contract expired in ~er 1976 but he remained unregistared with the aame employer until 30th September '1979. He found a new job and on 31st October went to register. ,. i.lIt was s:lven a temporary permit to 31st January 1980 and was told to report beck wUh proof of aocolMlOdation. He reported wi:th proof that he 'is the legal e.oo\&J'~M Of • bod in'tbe Dlepkloof host'e1 'em -wa prompU, -.nd01'8ed out -pl'ocumo.bly ~·"eoause 6 IM)ft~hs of "he prW10Wl l ~Gal's.ftlPloYlllent b"d. been. legal. ' ," ," ,'im~ -W 1,8 • marl'ied man ~1~b/~ ,>, .' : ' ; , PaBe Pour/ " ,, ,'. I- , .. '." '" -, Page Four - :'I!.:J! 1s a married man with seven children, -the eldest of whom 'is 177sars old. He colltes from the Qr.-YtowD di.trict where he has a small piece of ground on a hillside. He SaYs it is ,too steep to BrOW anything and there is no water. Re hos no oottle. 'Ho has a job in Johonnesburg but was refused registration in tl3%'r.lS of the moratorium, beCIJllse he had been unemployed for the previous two yoars. He was discharged from ~he job because he could not register. ' He began working in Johannesburg in 1.952 but has not been registered , sinoe the one YC3r contract sYstem was introduoed in 1968. MR. S. is in his early twenties. He Came to Johannozburg from the Escourt district last year to look for his first job. He has been working for a firm sinoe September 1978. When they tried. to register him WRAB demanded paYment of back registration fees amounting to R36.45 and when it had been paid, 'endorsed him , out. He did not comply with the moratorium because his employment with this company did not amount to one full year prior to 31st July. He has been ,discharged becaUBe he ooult not register. , MR. M. comes from Tso10 in Transke1. He Was working on contraot in Alberton ,but .the last.oontraot Was not renewed and he was rotrenohad. Be has a jo'!? and 1l0ooilmodation 1n ,Johannesburg. Rebas been refusedS"eg1stratioil and told· 'Co p, .back ..to Taolo. .lli.s lIife is legally resident .i,n Johannesburg and their two ohildren 'aged 3 yeara and 6' months 'respectively vere born here. Bis chances ;($t-recrQi,*~ from Teolo are remote. His choice is to go there as is legally required of him .and accept total separation from his family (if his wife goes with him they will ~,ll be haner,y whereas she Can at least ~ork in Johannesburg if she staYs) Or he can remain illeBtlltl an~ unemployed in Johanne!3burg looking after the babies while his wife works. He left the office threatening to tlmake bignoisesn • 3 Women one of them very young and in tears, who were registered as domestic'workers' in terms of the moratorium came to complain that as soon as they were registered,. their employers reduced their wagcs and began deducting from the reduced PaY t~e registration fees charged by WRAS for, the previous periods of illegal employment. '-- , ',Olle of them found.. a ~~~ job immediat,ely and applied to be allowed to work out the period of her contract 'w"lth t'he"new employer. Stle was endorsed out. These employers evidently took the attitude th3t,as the registration Was only Va;Lid. as long as the women remained in their employ, they colJ,ld wunercifully exploit th6(il'. "'!ISS. K. i.eighteen .Years old. She waS Drphaned end came to Job.aDnesburg ill, 1976 whenshe'"",ss fifteen' to live with her uncle Who is"her only male gu.ardiaJ'l,I He owns his house in Soweto. She found a job and went to reBister on 30th Ootober. Endorsed Ol1t.' JIm. N. comes from Mapwnulo where he has a wif~ and two children. He lives "1i th another woman in Johannesburg by whom he has one child. (A frequent consequenee of the migrant labour E\Ystem). He has bean workint1 legally in Johannesburg since 1963 but Was prevented from,acquiring I11'ban rights by the' in:trodaotion Qf' the one ,'lear contraot system in 1965. His 1ast contraot ended on 20th June and Was i10t renewed because his employer replaoed ~l men with women workers. Be found a neli job and has lawful acoommodation in a hostel.: Endorsed out on 26th'Septembor 1979 • .He .has no lsM at home - just a small garden. ' ~ i. on contrect ~o WR~ to 20th ,January 1980. He has been told that Ms ',oontraot i. not to be renewed and .&yO that he was ,told they dont t ..ant to ~p10y oontract....orkers 8ll7l1lOre. Be will have to return to KOWlt Frere and- wait hopelessly for a llew recruitment. Hi1l' wife and five children, all amder seve1t 7 ••n of .CO era 18e;a1 qualified residents ot JohaDn881Hu'g. 'f!S' ~·l:t a18oC0Dl8a from the Tra.nskei. ' She was endorsed out of the laast Rand, set 7ear. .Ber husband qua+1f'ies in terms of Seotion 10(1)(b) arid. "as told she oould beve a permit if he bought a house. Be Vas told he would have too PaY a 4epoait of 1ll600. Be ••rns JU36.45 ~.m a.. a telephone operator for one of the Zest Rand mnicipaliUes•. - Pa~ P'ive - MR. P,M qualifies in Port Jaizabeth as"lO(l)(b) and this was stamped in his Ret'er.mce Dook in September this year. He has a job with a big compan,y in Johannesburg and accommodation in his cousin's house. Endorsed out. MR. ·5. M. comes from 'l'seki near Witsieshoek in Qwa Qwa. He has '1 wife and two ·C' children aged 8 and 6 years. He has a garden aboat the size of two Johannesburg northern suburbs drawing rooms but nothing grows in it because there is no water. Every pailful has to be carried a considerable distance. He has trained as 8 carpenter and never once in the last three years since he completed hi'S training has he been offered any kind of job at all thl-1)ugh the tribal labour bureau. He has leen. hous~s being built at Wi tsieshoek and has tried many times to @at . work there but there ara never 8JJY vacancies. He has been working at pieco jobs illegally in Johannesburg sinoe last year. Found regular employment. Endorsed out. Lost the job. J.UtS. C. M. ·comee from Mokorong near Potgietersrus. She began working in Johannesburg in 1963 but has never been registered and went back to Mokorong last year for Borne months. She had a job and Was endorsed out on 19th October. Her husband has been in his present job for sixteen years but cannot obtain any Section 10 rights because his employers did not re~ster him until 1971. He will qualify as 10(1)(b) in 1981 if ha staYs in the job. If he loses it he will be refused new registration and will fall under the one year contract system losing all hope of ever qualifyine in the future. They have two children. Her husband was, furiously angry when we explained to him that the law docs not permit his wife to live with him. Ho gnthered up his seeminGly meaningless marriage certificate and all the other doouments and marched his wife out of the office. She came back two hours later to confront U8. She said White people were alway&:> talkinc about Black people fS'Gtting an education and what wa~ the poi!:t of her having studied for her matric when she is not allowed to work. She said "WHY DON'T YOU ft1!ITp_DO SOJ:I'I'UING"ABOUT '!'HIS. YOU MAKE TIreSE LAWS AER IS THE?~ NOTHING Ft>R U§!1t SHEENA DUNCAN ~VI CE OFFICE DIREC'roR, loth November, 1,219. ·PORTRAIT OF A SOUI'H AFRICAN 'LIBERAL' South African PriJDa Minister Pieter Willem Botha is being proclaimed a liberal innovator, a tough man who defies the rednecks in his National Party and is ~rking steadily towaro :aringing about an equitable settlement in the land of apartheid. One of his schenes is a 'constitution' providing for three 'parliaments', one each for Indian, Coloured and white South Africans, each to 'control its own affairs'. Africans are excluded - after all they have their 'homelands'. From the three parliaments will be drawn members to compose a 'Council of Cabinets', with whites in the majority (they are the largest 'racial group' after the Africans) and with an executive president with strong powers. He of course is to be white. A comnission headed by Minister of Justice and the Interior A. L. Schle rosch, is currently conducting hearings on the constitutional set-up. The Labour Party~ holding a'majority of seats in Pretoria's quasi-legislative body, the Coloured Representative Council, has refused to sul:mit evidence to the Schleoosch Corrmis sion. The Labour Party stands for universal adult sufferage for all South Africans, it opposes military service and training for Coloured people and rejects participation in the upco~ 20th anniversary celebration of South Africa being .declared a republic by the white mmority. A 9 November meeting between Botha and the CRe executive ended in violent disagreement. The Rev Alan Hendrickse, leader of the Labour Party; Mr Nornan Middleton, deputy leader; Mr David Ct.rrrie; national chairman; and the CRe chairperson, Ms Alathea Jansen, who was appointed by Pretoria, sat through 90 minutes of angry ex changes. The Rev Mr Hendrickse said: 'It was a case of the. boss speaking to his boys'. THE RAND DAILY MAIL published excerpts of a transcript; M's st·_-- ___ytalks itb CRC eaders Prime MlDlater: I see to it that tbe Cabinet Ministers go to their offices.and I'm asking you Below are' exerpts from the transcript of last under the law of this land, as' week's meeting between the. Prime Minis Prime Minister, of this coon- . ter, Mr PW Botha. and the executive of the try, are you carrying out yoor commitments? Coloured Representative Council. which Mr HeDdrlcbe: Of course we ended in a deadlock. The leader of the' do. Prime Mbll.ter: How many Labour Party. the Rev Allen Hendrickse. hours - how many days per said afterwards the talks were a "case of week are you doing? Mr Headrlck.e: We are al the boss speaking to the boys." ways.... Prime MiDi.ter: No, it is not so and you know it is not so. You this: where we are now stand Prime Minister: Allright, I ac refuse to carry out your respon ing in regard of your standpoint cept it. I now take you on your sibilities. on the Coloured "Uniale" Re word that you are not in favour presentative Council. Don't you of violence. You reject vio Mr Headrlcbe: I take excep want to furnish me with your lence? tien to that. standpoint on this? Mr Hendrickse: Of course. Prime MiJlIJter: You can take Mr HeDdrIcbe: I must take Prlme.MlDi.ter: Fine. Then we exception. I take exception to exception to the threat Mr are on the same basis. Now you many things you do say. This is Prime Minister. I am say there is only one way In what I want to. say firstly, and the... and we as a party will which the law of the country now I want to add something to not look for an extra parlia prescribes how I can find out I that. Secondly. I want to add mentary... what the people want to tell the • ECSA Nov 79 (continued,over) , . PM's STORMY TALKS WITH CRC LEADERS (continued) ... You reject it in toto... I Prime MlJIlster: You know for want to ask you ... how many a fact that we would have ap days of the week do you spend pointed the chairman as the fuJI time doing the work for practice was if you were pre your own people the whites ex pared to co-operate and do the pect from you. You have to job, but you know for a fact answer only these two ques· that you are not prepared to tions for me. see that the people get their Mr Hendrickse: Mr Prime Min pensions and salaries. You ister, 1 think your attitude is an know it, don't try and bluff me, insulting one. J don't think any . but I am going to ask you... of us would ask any Cabinet The party's national chair Minister at any time how much man, Mr David Curry said: Mr time he... State. And this is to create the Botha, while talking of new broadest form of consultation, Prime Minister: You are not policies, did not !tnow where he namely a Joint Select Commit prepared to give evidence. was going. That is the spirit in tee. Now you say you are not Then good. Now what right do which you came here this prepared to use it. you have to take exeption morning. Mr Curry said the In other words, you do not against me when I say in public white man wants us to give him want violence, and I accept that you do not give me your a blank cheque and he calls us your word. And now I also ac co-operation? I was correct irresponsible because we won't cept your word, but you are not then, was I not? talk with him. I would not walk prepared to appear before this with a blind man if he does'nt Select Committee. In other Mr Hendrickse: Mr Prime Min know where he is going. That is words you are not prepared to ister - the times in which we the spirit in which you came do something. are living... here this morning... Mr Helldrickse: I am prepared Prime Minister: No, leave No, but nobody can under to talk, Sir. alone the times in which we are stand yoil. naturally. But you Prime MiDi.ter: But we are living.. , I don't think you are speaking for all the people in won't accept responsibility. talking this morning. J am ask You want to stay in your posi ing you to use the instrument I the party and I don't think you speak as the responsible part of tions and now J finally want to am creating for you, but you warn you. I say this now, don't do this. South Africans in the Coloured community and I shall carry on again, one man one vote in this Mr HeDdrickle: This is where country is out. That is, never. you are prescribing for us. to look, on my road to consulta tion, for people who want to And now I further want to say Prime MlDI.ter: No. I'm not this: Don't try and do some going to stand instead of this take the same road as I do, to thing unconstitutional. .. you select committee. I'm' the defend the destiny of aU South will be-SOTry for yourself. . Prime Minister of this country., Africans. .. - I have other work to do as well. As far as the Representative Mr Hendrickse: We don't need I can't sit here for hours having Council is concerned, the Gov that warning. Sir... my own investigation while ernment will have to consider Prime Minister: And each man Parliament has certain pre to make an end to it and to who tries it will be sorry for SCriptions. I am sorry. I can't suspend the services of the Ex himseU. do it. ecutive Committee. Now, in this respect I want Mr HeDdrlckse: We don't need us to have absolute clarity with I thank you for your atten that warning, we are not inter each other... I again I friendly dance. If you make any state ested in that type of thing... invite you, as a party, to take ments to the Press I will re part in the consultations, as lease a tape recording to the Prime MlDlster: Thank you prescribed by parliament. That Press. So, my advice to you is gentlemen. Thank you. The in committee has not yet finished not to make your own state terview 'is over. its work. It is still available to ments before the time has come. I offer you the opportuni Mn A Jansen (appointed chair you... we are not bound by the man of the CRC): I would like reports, under no circum ty to check the tape together with your secretary and Mr to appeal to my colleagues to stances. talk to the Schlebusch Commis You asked me a second ques Neville Krige to release it jointly. But if you make a uni sion, give that background. I tion. You asked me to refer to feel that South Africa needs the fact that I have said that I lateral statement, I shall re lease the tape as soon as I have every South African and I am get co-operation from other sure Mr Prime Minister you people but not the coloureds. it. It is for you to decide what you want to do. agree with me. We need the No, I did not say that. I said I abUity of every South African, get much co-operation from the Mr Hendrickse: Mr Prime Min be it in a leadership capaci coloured people, groups, indi ister. what we want. .. before ty. .. or serving in a menial viduals for whom I have much we go... with reference to way... appreciation. But I said I am your summing-up remark, I not surprised that I do not get want to say again, Sir, as we've Prime Minister: Thank you the same co-operation from a said before that we are pre Mrs Jansen. I appreciate your section of the Labour Party pared to go the road of consul contribution... I think I ow~ leaders. tation; we have an interest in you an answer regarding the While I am creating the op peace and security and the wel position of Mrs Jansen... she portunities for them... You re- fare of all South Africans... I has shown herself very ab : fuse to partake in the budget also want to. say, Sir, that it is le... she only did what the law process, from which pensions evident that you expect by co of the land expected from her. and salaries and weUare ser operation to mean for us to do' IC It wasn't for her contribu vices have to be paid to a large that which you you want us to tion, the teachers today would section of the population- do..•. not have been paid. ECSA Nov 79 NUCLEAR SOUTH AFRICA and that TWIN FLASH> On 22 September a US Vela satellite detected a distinctive twin flash - the signature of a nuclear explosion - somewhere in the South Atlantic-Indian Oceans area between the conti nents of Africa and Antarctica. This information was leaked in late October and ~ld at tention was once again focussed on South Africa as a member of the club of nuclear powers. The USA sent out planes to scoop the atmosphere and pled it could not confirm an explosion. New Zealand scientists at first noted an increase in fallout, then professed uncertainty. The South Africans blustered and laughed and pointed at the Russians. It is worth repeat ing what British research writer Barbara Rogers said in a 1975 study called NAMIBIA'S UFA- NIUM: IMPLICATIONS FOR TIiE SOtJrn AFRICAN OCCUPATION REGIME: . 'In 1967 Martin Walker, a British journalist working for the well·-connected Afrikaner pub lisher Otto Krause, discovered that lX:>uglas Torr, a nuclear scientist straight fn::>m the British nuclear research establishment at Harwell, was working on a joint project of the South African Goverrnnent' s Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the University of the Witwatersrand, ostensibly on meteorological research on the Southern Af" rican Anomaly. This is a point between South Africa, South Australia and Antarctica where the radiation belts surrounding the earth reach sea-level. It is avoided by all shipping be cause of its dangerous radiation. Douglas Torr, it appeared, was using three Hastings bomb ers of the South African Air Force for his "research!'. A check on what Torr had been doing at R.mvell indicated that it.had been highly confidential. The CSIR building is heavily guarded and has no windows ; it is reputed to be for top-secret nuclear research. After starting to investigate, tN'alker was promptly oroered by Krause to stay away from that story. 'It appears likely that the research project was in fact testing nuclear explosives at the Southern African Anomaly. This is an ideal spot to evade detection,since it is completely deserted; no seismic impact would be detected fn::>m an explosion in the atmosphere; and most important, the radiation impact on the atmosphere would be obscured by the high levels al ready prevailing at that spot. ' THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY - and that NUCLEAR CONNECTION Pieter Willem Botha is South Africa's Prime Minister. He is also Minister of Defence, and Minister of National Security. On 13 November Botha announced a new NtUnber 2 man in DONS (formerly kncwn as BOSS). The incoming Secretary for National Security is Lukas Daniel Barnartl, 31-year-old professor of political science at the University of the Orange Free State, a veritable bastion of Afrikanerdom. SUNDAY TIMES journalist Ivor Wilkins (co-author of an authoritative book on the secret Afrikaner society, the Broederbond) examines Preto ria's new spyrnaster, based on his published writings. Barnard is an academic with passion, says Wilkins. 'Ardently anti-col'!lJl1l.ll1ist ~ he argues fervently that the Christian state must be militarily prepared and must not shy away from waging necessary and just wars ••••His writ.. ing is peppered with Biblical allusions to "the sword of God"; military power is usually re·· ferred to as swaardmag (literally, sword-power) and he strongly favpurs the use of swaard ai!Sanksie- the sword..power sanction..•.In world politics fragmented by sin) the sword must ways be applied justifiably for the punishment of evil. The attitude that the Christian state may never take up the sword and must suffer for justice, is dangerous cowardice (pap broekigheid) •..•The government receives the sword from the hand of God to guarantee inter: state stabflity and provide justice in a crooked and twisted generation. ~ Barnard, who was raised in the bush country of northern Namibia ~ advocates a 'strong and sta ble government serving a spiritually resistant nation! based on military force and 'the vigi lance of its citizens'. He agrees with South Africa's generals 'that the real solution is not a military one' but he backs highly trained 'anti-terror units' and espouses Botha's 'total strategy' of 'a self··sustaining community of states in southern Africa', black and white governments to stand against communism. The new security chief has authored an essay 'The Deterrent Strategy of Nuclear Weapons i • THE RAND DAILY MAIL reports that Barnard 'recently returned from the United States where he studied nuclear strategy. i TIlE SUNDAY TIMES writes questionningly of 'his recent trip to Washington which caused speculation that he had been on an official errand before his ap- pointment became PUblicly known! . easa deaembep 79 A CONVERSATION AMONG FRIENDS One dawn in May 1977 members of the security branch of the South African Police descended on the Soweto rome of Ms Winnie Mandela. They took this gallant ooman who has spent her lifetime resisting apartheid off into banishment in the town of Brandfort 200 miles away. The wife of African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela - who is serving life impris onment on Robben Island - was in the midst of the restrictions ,of a 5-year-banning order. Ms Mandela has been repeatedly for pver·tw::> decades banned, detained, brought to trial. At one time she was held in SOlitary confinement for 17 rronths. She lives in Brandfort with her youngE?r daUghter. Zinzi. under threat of .prison should she again be found guilty of breaking her;'bi:mning order. . ...•• - , Shortly after. beirig dlUIlped in the Itfrican location outside ,Brandfort, four friends of Ms Mandela,visited her, taking care to:f~ to her one at a time. The police, who keep Ms Mandela constantly under surveillancl?, pounced on Helen Joseph, Barbara Waite, Jacqueline Bosman and Ilona Kleinschmidt and demanded to know what the friends were talking aOOut. They refused to disclose the nature. of their conversations. Ms Joseph and Ms Waite serv ed time in prison last year. Now,.~,their final appeals having been turned down by South Africa's courts, Ilona lQeinschmid~".and Jackie Bosman nRlst start serving sentences on 12 December 1979 - the 29-year-old Ms: lG.einsclnnidt (who has a four-year-old daughter) for three m::>nths, Ms Bosman for four months. we urge you to send messages to: , . Ms Ilona lG.einscnmidt . Ms Jacqueline Bosmm c/o 65 Fifth Avenue c/o FINANCIAL MAIL : Melville Box 9959 Johannesblrg Johannesburg 2000 South Africa South Afriqi , -r .:~" Ms Winnie Mandela .. 802 New !.Dcation BrandforE 9400 .:.,r:: ~ : •. . '1" ~ t.~. . o.F• South Africa I' * * * * * * * * * * * * * * EPISCOPAl CHURCHMEN far SOUTH AfRICA . NON PROFIT ORG. Room 1005, 853 Broadway U. S. Poslagl! .. PAID New York,. N. Y. 10003 New York, N. Y. Permit No. 14125 Address Correction Requesfed -For AFree StJllt!JemAlritll- T' . ~~ .. J'.' . , I:· J '. . . 1 ,.~' •• ~ ••~ !_:,...~.~ l:'~ ~~rf.tJ:.," ," ,,~,.: ': .~. '- .