Adolf Cluss Und Die Turnbewegung. Vom Heilbronner Turnfest 1846 Ins Amerikanische Exil

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Adolf Cluss Und Die Turnbewegung. Vom Heilbronner Turnfest 1846 Ins Amerikanische Exil Online-Publikationen des Stadtarchivs Heilbronn 19 Adolf Cluss und die Turnbewegung. Vom Heilbronner Turnfest 1846 ins amerikanische Exil. Vorträge des gleichnamigen Symposiums am 28. und 29. Oktober 2005 in Heilbronn. Herausgegeben von Lothar Wieser und Peter Wanner Kleine Schriftenreihe des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn 54 2007 Stadtarchiv Heilbronn urn:nbn:de:101:1-2014012714766 Die Online-Publikationen des Stadtarchivs Heilbronn sind unter der Creative Commons-Lizenz CC BY-SA 3.0 DE lizenziert. Stadtarchiv Heilbronn Eichgasse 1 74072 Heilbronn Tel. 07131-56-2290 www.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de Adolf Cluss und die Turnbewegung Kleine Schriftenreihe des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn Im Auftrag der Stadt Heilbronn herausgegeben von Christhard Schrenk 54 Adolf Cluss und die Turnbewegung 2007 Stadtarchiv Heilbronn Adolf Cluss und die Turnbewegung Vom Heilbronner Turnfest 1846 ins amerikanische Exil Vorträge des gleichnamigen Symposiums am 28. und 29. Oktober 2005 in Heilbronn Herausgegeben von Lothar Wieser und Peter Wanner 2007 Stadtarchiv Heilbronn Erschienen in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Institut für Sportgeschichte Baden-Württemberg e.V., Maulbronn Das Symposium am 28. und 29. Oktober 2005 wurde gefördert durch das Transatlantik-Programm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aus Mitteln des European Recovery Program (ERP) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Arbeit Redaktion: Lothar Wieser, Martin Ehlers, Michael Krüger und Peter Wanner © Stadtarchiv Heilbronn 2007 Satz: design_idee_erfurt Herstellung: Medien Druck Unterland, Weinsberg Das Werk einschließlich aller Abbildungen ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Stadtarchivs Heilbronn unzulässig und straf- bar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeiche- rung und Bearbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. ISBN 978-3-928990-97-4 Inhalt Zum Geleit ......................................................................................................................... 7 Greetings from Team Cluss Washington! ............................................................................ 8 Vorwort der Herausgeber .................................................................................................... 9 LOTHAR WIESER Einleitung ............................................................................................................... 11 DEUTSCHE TURNER IM VORMÄRZ WOLFRAM SIEMANN Das Heilbronner Turnfest 1846 im Kontext der politischen Bewegung des Vormärz oder: Über das Risiko, in den 1840er Jahren ein Turner zu sein ....................................... 15 MICHAEL WETTENGEL Turnvereine und ihr Verhältnis zu demokratischen Vereinen und zur Arbeiterbewegung im Rhein-Main-Raum 1848/49 .................................... 31 MICHAEL KRÜGER Das Heilbronner Turnfest – Festkultur und Turnpraxis in der frühen Turnbewegung .......................................................... 45 TURNER ZWISCHEN DEUTSCHLAND UND DEN USA ANSGAR REIß Ein ernstes Spiel. Carl Heinrich Schnauffer, Dichter der Turnbewegung und Emigrant .............................................................. 55 ANNETTE HOFMANN Der Heilbronner Wilhelm Pfänder: Ein deutsch-amerikanischer Turnpionier ................................................................. 65 SABINA DUGAN Adolf Cluss in Washington – Marxist and Turner ................................................... 73 5 DEUTSCHE TURNER IN DEN USA KATHLEEN NEILS CONZEN Reshaping the Nation: Federal Employment, Civil Service Reform, and the Turners of Washington, D.C. ..................................................................... 79 GERALD GEMS The Chicago Turners: Sports and the Demise of a Radical Past ............................... 85 GERTRUD PFISTER Deutsches Turnen und die amerikanische Gesellschaft. Entwicklungen und Veränderungen der Turnbewegung in den USA ....................... 97 QUELLEN UND MATERIALIEN Reprint: Fest-Album zur Erinnerung an das Turnfest zu Heilbronn, den 1. bis 4. August 1846 ............................................................................................... 111 Ausgewählte Quellen und Materialien zum Heilbronner Turnfest 1846 ...................................................................................... 153 Die Teilnehmer am Heilbronner Turnfest 1846 ............................................................... 175 ANHANG Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................... 195 Autorinnen und Autoren ................................................................................................. 205 Abbildungsverzeichnis .................................................................................................... 205 Orts- und Personenregister ............................................................................................. 206 6 Zum Geleit Heilbronn als Austragungsort der olympischen Spie- derung nach Weinsberg dem alten Dichter Justinus le – im Rückblick mag einem das Turnfest des Jahres Kerner ein Ständchen gebracht hätten. 1846 tatsächlich wie ein Vorläufer des größten Sport- Es war in jedem Fall ein gigantisches Ereignis für ereignisses der Welt erscheinen. In unserer Stadt trafen eine Stadt wie Heilbronn, die damals etwa 10 000 sich Sportler aus etlichen Staaten, um sich im Wett- Einwohner hatte, und eine logistische und organi- kampf zu messen und zusammen zu feiern – eines satorische Herausforderung für die noch sehr jun- der ersten deutschen Turnfeste wirkte über den Kreis ge Turngemeinde Heilbronn von 1845, heute der der deutschen Staaten hinaus und wurde Vorbild für größte und älteste Sportverein der Stadt. die immer weiter wachsende Bewegung, die 1894 in Und es war nicht nur ein sportliches Event. Das den ersten olympischen Spielen der Neuzeit gipfelte. Turnfest war auch ein Politikum: Knapp zwei Jahre Dies ist keineswegs weit hergeholt: Schon die vor der Revolution von 1848 nahmen sich die jun- Zeitgenossen des Heilbronner Turnfestes diskutier- gen Turner in Heilbronn das Recht auf Versamm- ten diesen Gedanken. Der Heilbronner Adolf Cluss, lungs- und Redefreiheit und diskutierten in aller Öf- zu dessen Ehren im Jahr 2005 in unserer Stadt ein fentlichkeit auch politische Fragen, allerdings unter breitgefächertes Veranstaltungsprogramm abgehal- den besorgten Augen der Obrigkeit und der Polizei, ten wurde, war allerdings kein Freund dieser Idee die sehr erleichtert war, dass die Stars der demokra- und nannte den deutschen Dichter Carl Heinrich tischen Bewegung des Vormärz, Gustav von Stru- Schnauffer einen „Esel“, der „aus den Turnfesten ve und Friedrich Hecker, allen Befürchtungen zum ‚olympische Spiele‘ machen“ wolle. Trotz nicht nach Heilbronn gereist kamen. Beide mussten in der Folge der Revolution von Es hat lange gedauert, bis das Heilbronner Turn- 1848 in die USA auswandern, und beide waren fest in den Mittelpunkt einer Darstellung der frü- schon vorher begeisterte Turner. Wir wissen aller- hen Turn- und Sportgeschichte gerückt wurde, und dings nicht, ob Carl Heinrich Schnauffer 1846 beim ich freue mich gleichermaßen als Sport- und Kultur- Turnfest in Heilbronn war – immerhin erschienen bürgermeister, dass dieses Werk geglückt ist, dem ich 1848 einige seiner Gedichte auch in einem Heilbron- viele Leser in Heilbronn und darüber hinaus wün- ner Verlag. Adolf Cluss kam jedenfalls zum Turnfest sche – so wie auch das Heilbronner Turnfest von in seine Heimatstadt, zusammen mit seinen Mainzer 1846 weit über die Grenzen von Stadt und Region Turnkameraden, die alle im Haus der Eltern in der hinaus gewirkt hat. Klostergasse übernachteten. Von über 1000 Teilneh- mern wird berichtet – Cluss selbst erzählt im Alter Harry Mergel gar von 2000 „Turnerkehlen“, die nach einer Wan- Bürgermeister 7 Greetings from Team Cluss Washington! The past being the foreign country that it is – both ven the remarkable social and political consequences for Heilbronners and Washingtonians – it is hard for of the movement in our two countries. us today to imagine Adolf Cluss and his colleagues We are happy that the creativity and unusual na- building the extraordinary towers that we see in ture of the Cluss consortium, which brought toge- the 1846 illustrations and performing the brilliant- ther so many institutions in Germany and the Uni- ly complicated maneuvers of 19th-century German ted States, is also mirrored in the chapters of this and German-American Turners. Today’s architects volume, recalling the excitement of the symposium and Baumeister lead a quieter life, it seems, with their itself. It is a pleasure to know that the multi-tiered computer programs and virtual reality. Yesterday’s structures, which we see in the drawings of the 1846 acrobatics are reserved for specialized circus acts and Turners assembled in Heilbronn, can still bear the show-business athletes, not for political radicals and weight of significant social and political analysis. We day-laborers seeking to find means of expression and join with you in raising a glass of the finest Heil- improve the lot of their society. bronn wine to toast the book’s appearance. On behalf of „Team Cluss“ on the American side of the Atlantic, we salute the appearance of this book, Washington, D.C., September 7, 2007 which brings the insights of the Heilbronn symposi- um on the Turner movement to a broader audience. Dr. William Gilcher, Goethe-Institut This volume helps us all understand the seeming Washington „strangeness“ of the Turner
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