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Index Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables. abiotic method 377 astronomical forcing cycles 7–8 aborted reversals 4, 5,6 astronomical harmonic features 355, 363–367 outer Great Barrier Reef 279 astronomical parameters 360 Pringle Falls 261, 262, 270–271, 273–275 astronomical signal, Garcia Canyon 335–336, 338 accretion 193 astronomical time scale 341 acquisition behaviour 16 Atlantic (NW), circulation 30 Adriatic Promontory 112 atmospheric circulation 334, 338 aeolian component 378, 379, 387, 389 atmospheric CO2 377 dust proxy 326, 333–335, 336, 338 Australia, dating latest Holocene 247 AF see alternating-field demagnetisation authigenic ferromagnetic minerals 344 age control, magnetostratigraphy 138, 139, 141, autocyclic forcing mechanism 325 142, 144, 145 age-depth model 247 backarc spreading 193 Lake Kalimpaa 250, 254–257 bacteria 343, 344 Nankai Trough 229–230, 232–240 bar-log format 345, 346, 348, 380, 381, 382 ODP Hole 711A 105, 107 Bayesian inversion 295, 297 Stirone section 317–320 bentonite 112 air-fall volcanic ash 112, 123, 193, 194–195 bioevents 91–92 Alashan Block 150, 152, 186 forminifera 85, 87–89 allocyclic forcing mechanism 325 nannofossils 88–89, 99, 103, 105 alternating-field demagnetisation biogenic components 343 Cupido Formation, Mexico 330, 331 biogenic magnetite 287–288 IODP Site U1333 17, 18 biomagnetochronology, integration high Lake Kalimpaa 251, 253 to low latitudes 29–74 Monte Cagnero 83, 84 biosilica accumulation rate 68, 69,71 Nankai Trough 192–193, 195, 197, 198, 199, 223 biostratigraphic and palaeomagnetic age datum ODP Hole 647A 32, 33,34 233–235, 237–239 ODP Hole 711A 100, 101, 103 Magnetic Reversal Polarity Timescale Fig.10 outer Great Barrier Reef 287, 288 opposite page 56 Pringle Falls 266, 268 biostratigraphy Stirone section 312, 313, 314, 315 Cretaceous 327–328 Tibetian Plateau 156 ODP Hole 647A 34–38, 39–47, 48–49 AMS see anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility ODP Hole 711A 105–206 analysis methods, magnetic cyclostratigraphy 329–330 Palaeogene 113–114, 121 anhysteretic remanent magnetization 6–7, 15, 16,18 Permian, Mid 376–377, 389–390 as palaeoclimate proxy 326 Pleistocene 311, 313, 316 Cretaceous 330, 331–337 biotite-rich layer 112, 123 Holocene 248, 252, 254 Blake event 262 Permian 378 Blake excursion 288, 289 Pliocene–Pleistocene 309, 316 block-floating model 169 anisotropic behaviour 294, 346 Bond cycle 367 anisotropy in geomagnetic trajectories 303, 306 bootstrap method 157, 159 anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility 6, 262 Brazilian lavas, virtual geomagnetic pole paths anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in rhythmites 293–306 355–370 Brunhes Chron correlation 273–274, 275 data and methods 358, 360 Brunhes Chron excursion 288 sediment transport 357 bulk low-field mass specific magnetic tensor axes 360, 364 susceptibility 341, 343 anoxic conditions 321 Antarctic glaciation 98–99 calcarenite 312, 316, 319, 320 Apache Mountains sections 377, 379, 384, 385, 387–390 calcite compensation depth 97, 98, 107 Apennines (Northern), cyclostratigraphy 309–321 Capitanian, global stratotype 376, 384, 385, 387, Apparent Polar Wander Path 6 390, 392 Ar/Ar date 275, 288, 294 carbonate 107, 112, 343 archives, Lake Kalimpaa 247 carbonate cyclostratigraphy 309 ARM see anhysteretic remanent magnetization carbonate platforms, cyclicity 325–329, 332–338 astrochronology 328 carbonate sediments, magnetostratigraphy 280, 282 astronomical calibration 368, 370, 379 carbonate–carbonate-free correlation 32, 68, 69, 71, 72 396 INDEX carbonates, pelagic 82, 112–113, 116, 118, 119–121 data analysis, magnetostratigraphy 196–197 characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) 3 dating and geomagnetics 2,3–6,8 Guide Basin 137, 138, 140 see also palaeomagnetic Jiuquan Basin 177–178, 180 Day plot 254, 265, 266 Lake Kalimpaa 248 debris flow 163, 166, 167 Monte Cagnero 83, 87, 89, 100, 103, 105 declination 8, 21, 22–23, 24, 196 Nankai Trough 192–193, 195–199, 223, 226, 236, and age 185, 186 240–241 Lake Kalimpaa 252, 255, 256 ODP Hole 647A 34 magma flows 296 outer Great Barrier Reef 287, 289 outer Great Barrier Reef 287, 288–289 Pringle Falls 265–266 Pringle Falls 67–269, 270–271 rhythmites 356, 360 deep-sea sediments, magnetostratigraphy 13–26 Stirone section 312, 313 deformation and magnetostratigraphy 149–169 Tibetian Plateau 157–158 deformation rates, Quaternary 173 chemical remanent magnetization 3 deformation, timing of 241 chemoherm 311, 312, 318, 319 Delaware Mountains 377, 392 Chico Canyon 326–327, 331–333 demagnetization 18,20 ChRM see characteristic remanent magnetization demagnetization experiments 197–199, 265–268 chronology, magnetism and age 280 denudation rate 146 chronology, radiocarbon 250, 252–253 deposition period, rhythmites 369 chrons 3–4, 273–275 depositional cyclicity, anhysteretic remanent ODP Hole 647A 50–65 magnetization 336–337 chronstratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy depositional environment susceptibility 379 Guide Basin 135, 145 climate and geology 247–248, 326 Jiuquan Basin 181 climate cycles in susceptibility values 343–346, depositional hiatus, Stirone section 321 348, 378 depth scale 20, 22 climate cycles, encoding 320–321 detrital component 378, 379, 380, 387, 389 climate proxy 8, 309, 326–327, 341–342, 370, 379 detrital remanent magnetization 3 climate, Cenozoic 13 diagenesis 6, 321, 381 Eocene–Oligocene 79, 81, 92, 97–99 and magnetic susceptibility 344 climate-driven cycles 351 diamagnetism 379, 384 coal 152 diatomaceous sediments 263, 266, 275 coercivity 196 diatoms, ODP Hole 647A 34, 49,65 Lake Kalimpaa 250, 254 dinocyst marker species 43–44,56 outer Great Barrier Reef 282, 283 dinoflagellate cysts Pringle Falls 264–265 ODP Hole 647A 34 Colleen Canyon section 383, 385–387, 392 Umbria–Marche 113, 116, 118–120, 121, 128 collision, India–Asia 8, 151, 152, 166, 167, 168, 173 dipolar field 294, 303 collision, Proterozoic 152 dipole field, diminution 274–275 condensed sequence 325, 337, 348, 351 directional records, polarity excursions 262 Contessa, pelagic succession 112–117, 119, 121 drilling-induced magnetization 197, 199 cooling 81, 151 drilling-induced remagnetization 34 coral reef 280 dropstones, Permo-Carboniferous 357, 358, 359 coring, disturbance 196–197 dynamo model 294 correlation, ODP Hole 711A to GPTS 106 couplet thickness 358, 361, 362, 370 earthquakes 191–192, 193 Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary 117, 344 eccentricity 7, 326, 367, 368, 387, 388 integrated chronostratigraphy 111 orbital 335, 337, 338 crust, flow 151 eccentricity cycle 72 crust-floating model 167–169 Ordovician 342, 347, 348 Cupido Formation, magnetic cyclostratigraphy identified at outcrop 350, 351 325–338 Permian 360, 363, 379, 392 analysis methods 329–330 Pliocene–Pleistocene 315, 317, 320 anhysteretic remanent magnetization 331–337 El Nino Southern Oscillation 245 magnetic mineralogy 330–331 environment proxy 326, 333–335, 338, 356, 366 sample collection 329 see also aeolian and climate stratigraphy 326–328, 329 environmental magnetism 6–7 time series methods 330 Eocene Thermal Maximum 73 Curie point 280, 282, 287 Eocene–Oligocene boundary 81–82, 89, Curie temperatire 264, 265, 282, 285 90, 98, 107 determination 199, 223–224, 225, 227 North Altantic 31, 35, 57, 71–72 cyanobacteria 343 Eocene–Oligocene Climatic Optimum Fig.
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  • Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups

    Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups

    APPENDIX Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups Important fossil taxa are listed down to the lowest practical taxonomic level; in most cases, this will be the ordinal or subordinallevel. Abbreviated stratigraphic units in parentheses (e.g., UCamb-Ree) indicate maximum range known for the group; units followed by question marks are isolated occurrences followed generally by an interval with no known representatives. Taxa with ranges to "Ree" are extant. Data are extracted principally from Harland et al. (1967), Moore et al. (1956 et seq.), Sepkoski (1982), Romer (1966), Colbert (1980), Moy-Thomas and Miles (1971), Taylor (1981), and Brasier (1980). KINGDOM MONERA Class Ciliata (cont.) Order Spirotrichia (Tintinnida) (UOrd-Rec) DIVISION CYANOPHYTA ?Class [mertae sedis Order Chitinozoa (Proterozoic?, LOrd-UDev) Class Cyanophyceae Class Actinopoda Order Chroococcales (Archean-Rec) Subclass Radiolaria Order Nostocales (Archean-Ree) Order Polycystina Order Spongiostromales (Archean-Ree) Suborder Spumellaria (MCamb-Rec) Order Stigonematales (LDev-Rec) Suborder Nasselaria (Dev-Ree) Three minor orders KINGDOM ANIMALIA KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM PROTOZOA Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscophora (Miss-Ree) Class Rhizopodea Order Hexactinosida (MTrias-Rec) Order Foraminiferida* Order Lyssacinosida (LCamb-Rec) Suborder Allogromiina (UCamb-Ree) Order Lychniscosida (UTrias-Rec) Suborder Textulariina (LCamb-Ree) Class Demospongia Suborder Fusulinina (Ord-Perm) Order Monaxonida (MCamb-Ree) Suborder Miliolina (Sil-Ree) Order Lithistida