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Subjugated Position That Is Traditionalto the Culture

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Subjugated Position That Is Traditionalto the Culture DOCUMENT RESUME ED 361 235 SO 022 503 AUTHOR Bunch, Charlotte; Carrillo,Roxanna TITLE Gender Violence: ADevelopment and Human Rights Issue. INSTITUTION Rutgers, The State Univ.,New Brunswick, N.J. Douglass Coll. PUB DATE 91 NOTE 47p.; A product of the Center for Women'sGlobal Leadership. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 PlusPostage. DESCRIPTORS *Civil Liberties; *Developing Nations;*Females; Feminism; InternationalPrograms; Political Science; *Sex Discrimination;Social Change; Sociocultural Patterns; Values Education;*Violence; Womens Studies; *World Problems IDENTIFIERS Sexual Violence ABSTRACT This document includestwo articles describing failure of the international the human rights movement to remedy the situation of consider or women outside of the basicdemand for political rights of people in general. Thefirst article, "Women's Rights as Human Rights: Toward a Re-Vision ofHuman Rights" (Charlotte Bunch), emphasizes the responsibilityof governments and patriarchy for the perpetuation of violence againstwomen. Little is done to remedy domesticviolence, and in many countries femalesare routinely denied education,health care, and the result that they proper nutrition, with are unable to escape from thesubjugated position that is traditionalto the culture. The article importance and difficulty explores the of connectir4 women'srights tn human rights. Four basic approaches that havebeen used to make the connection are: (1) women's rightsas political and civil rights, (2) women's rightsas socio-economic rights, (3) law, and (4) a feminist women's rights and the transformation of humanrights. The second article, "Violence Against Women: An Obstacle toDevelopment" (Roxanna Carrillo), specifically looks atstrategies for combating violence against women as related to developmentplanning. At multiple program levels,an awareness of cultural specific gender violence forms of can help identify andovercome obstacles impeding women's participation.Such programs must recognize be threatening and that change can can result in more violence.Women must be trained in communication skills,awareness of possible actions, skills, and self defense. management On a very direct level,projects can test one or more education campaignsand seek to make violence unacceptable withina society. (DK) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied byEDRS are the best thatcan be made from the originaldocument. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educahonat Research andimprovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ',This document has beenreproduced as received from the person ororgaruza Non onginalsog It made to improve 0 Minor changes have been reproduction quality Points of view or opinions staledin this dOCu ment do not necessarilyrepresent official OERI position or policy E10,1 ,...A:PEVELOP144ENT.ND IIVAAN-RIGHTS ISSyE CHARLOTTE BUNCH ROXANNA CARRILLO "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS MATERIAL HAS BEENGRANTED BY CAAVi% Me.F1/4 TO THE EDUCATIONALRESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER(ERIC)." CENTER FOR WOMEN'S GLOBALLEADERSHIP BEST COPYAVAILABLE ....IPINIMMIROMMONIMOORNIEIMOT.M.1.1,..111100981.111~0,1FROMMINIMI44.:.,140.`,104.,&CA... r. poe....,,,a,...war,ormowcaebnimor *ow ."-w.w.r.,...miseovrowmx.: 2 GENDER VIOLENCE A DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE WOMEN'S RIGHTS AS HUMANRIGHTS: TOWARD A RE-VISION OFHUMAN RIGHTS CHARLOTTE BUNCH VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: AN OBSTACLE TO DEVELOPMENT ROXANNA CARRILLO CENTER FOR WOMEN'S GLOBALLEADERSHIP MEW 1111=111111111h, 11111111111WINLIE 3 First printing: June 1991 Second printing: October 1991 © Copyright Charlotte Bunch, 1990 © Copyright Roxanna Carrillo, 1991 Printed on recycled paper Cross Pointe Soapstone 80 lb. coy( r with Haiopague Cream 60 lb. text pages Designed and produced by Cici Kinsman, C2 Graphics, Brooklyn, New York Printed by Plowshares Press, Highland Park, New Jersey PREFACE The Center for Women's GlobalLeadership is pleased to publish this booklet as the first inits series of working papers on Women, Violence, and HumanRights. The series is intended to promote international discussion ofcritical conceptual and strate- gic questions regarding genderviolence and female human rights. The papers presented heredeveloped out of the Center's work during its first two years."Women's Rights as Human Rights: Toward a Re-Vision of Human Rights"began as an outline for my seminar on "Global Feminism andHuman Rights" taught in 1988 when I was the L aurie NewJersey Chair in Women's Studies at Douglass College, Rutgers University.My occupancy of that chair and its seminars were central tothe founding of the Center by Douglass College in 1989. Thisarticle evolved from classroom notes into a speech for theAnnual General Meeting of Amnesty International USA in 1989 and theninto a background paper for the International PlanningMeeting held by the Global Center in May of 1990. It was publishedlater that year and served as a working paper for the Center'sfirst Women's Leadership Institute in June of 1991. "Violence Against Women: An Obstacle toDevelopment" by Roxanna Carrillo was written whileshe was a Political Science of graduate student at RutgersUniversity and working on the staff the Center for Women's GlobalLeadership. The paper emerged from a collaborative research effortinitiated and sponsored by the United Nations DevelopmentFund for Women (UNIFEM), in con- junction with the Global Center. Itled to both a position paper on gender violence as a developmentissue for UNIFEM and this article prepared as a backgroundworking paper for the Center's 1991 Women's LeadershipInstitute, for which Roxanna served as the Coordinator. 5 .. , Many people helped create the Center for Women'sGlobal Leadership and thus enabled thispublication. Mary Hartman, Dean of Douglass College, and Ruth Mandel, Directorof the Center for the American Woman and Politics at Rutgers,are its founding mothers and sustaining advisors. The Center'sprograms depend on the hard work of the secretary, Diana Gerace,and dedicated students who have made up its staff: RoxannaCarrillo, Susana Fried, Niamh Reilly. Lourdes Bueno, LaurenMcIntyre, Susan Roche, Heisoo Shin, Rosa Briceno, Kathleen Casey,Lisa Coxson, and Stephanie Lentini. Support has also come fromvol- unteers, Rutgers faculty and staff, and related Rutgersprograms that have been generous with advice and assistance. Criticalearly funding for the Center came from Rutgers University, theAsso- ciate Alumnae of Douglass College, the Ford Foundation,arid the Joe and Emily Lowe Foundation. Cici Kinsman tookon the task of getting this booklet published I want to thank all of the aboveas well as many more too numerous to list for helping to makethis publication and the Global Centera reality. Charlotte Bunch,Director 6 2 eh CHARLOTTE BUNCH WOMEN'S RIGHTS AS HUMAN RIGHTS: TOWARD A RE-VISION OF HUMANRIGHTS Significant numbers of the world's population areroutinely subject to torture, starvation, terrorism, humiliLlion,mutilation, and even murder simply becausethey are female. Crimes such as these against any group other than womenwould be recognized as a civil and political emergency aswell as a gross violation of the victim's humanity. Yet, despite a clearrecord of deaths and demonstrable abuse, women's rights are notcommonly classified as human rights. This is problematicboth theoretically and practi- cally, because it has grave consequencesfur the way society views and treats the fundamental issuesof women's lives. This paper questions why women'srights and human rights are viewed as distinct, looks at the policyimplications of this schism, and dis- cusses different approaches tochanging it. Women's human rights are violated in a variety of ways.Of course, women sometimes sufferabuses such as political repres- sion in ways that are similar to abusessuffered by men. In these situations, female victims are often invisiblebecause the dominant image of the political actor in our world ismale. However, many violations of women's human rights are distinctlyconnected to being female--that is women arediscriminated against and abused on the basis of gender. Women alsoexperience sexual abuse in situations where their other humanrights are being vio- lated, as political prisoners or memb..3rs ofpersecuted ethnic groups for example. In this paper I addressthose abuses in which gender is a primary or related factor becausegender-related 7 3 abuse has been most neglected and offers the greatest challenge to the field of human rights today. The concept of human rights is one of the few moral visions subscribed to internationally Although its scope is not universally agreed upon, it strikes deep chords of response among many. Promotion of human rights is a widely accepted goal and thus provides a useful framework for seeking redress of gender abuse. Further, it is one of the few concepts that speaks to the need for transnational activism and concern about the lives of people glob- ally The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948 symbolves this world vision and defines human rights broadly. While not much is said about women, Article 2 entitles all to "the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinc- tm ot any kind, such as race, colour. sex, language. religion, political or other opinion. national or social origin, property, birth or other statusEleanor Roosevelt and the Latin American women who fought for the inclusion of sex in the Declaration
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