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Media: Eyeing the News. INSTITUTION Victoria International Development Education Association (British Columbia) DOCUMENT RESUME ED 367 031 CS 508 488 AUTHOR Gage, Susan TITLE Media: Eyeing the News. INSTITUTION Victoria International Development Education Association (British Columbia). PUB DATE 90 NOTE 10p. AVAILABLE FROM Teachergram, Victoria International Development Education Association, 407-620 View Street, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 136, Canada ($1 Canadian each copy). PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher)(052) Collected Works Serials (022) Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) JOURNAL CIT Teachergram; Spr 1990 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Audience Response; *Bias; *Critical Reading; *Critical Thinking; Developing Nations; Elementary Secondary Education; Ethnocentrism; Foreign Countries; *Global Approach; Instructional Materials; *Mass Media; *Mass Media Effects; Mass Media Role; Press Opinion IDENTIFIERS Canada; Journalists; News Perspective Bias; New World Information Order ABSTRACT This issue of "Teachergram" addresses media-related issues such as the kind of world picture Canadians receive from mainstream media, the ability of television to describe the complexity of world events, and the claim of distorted and simplistic portrayal of developing nations. Students are encouraged critical perspective--to help thcm look at the media they watch, read,or listen to with critical ayes and ears. Also discussedare the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) call for a new world information order, examples of media bias in the coverage of international events, two theories of media bias, two case studies illustrating how to read newspaper stories with a critical eye, five brief activities, and lists of audio-visual resources and organizations that provide a third-world perspective on the news.(RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Media: Eyeing the News Teachergram Spring 1990 U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Once ot Eclucabonat Resell Icn and hnotovernent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI bocument has been teptobuced as eCeived trorn the person or organuation ongrnahng .1 O. Woo, changes nave been made to am:gore reproduction guahly Ponls 01 yiewat OtaniOns Stated in thssdOCu- rnent do not necessarily reorasent othcmI OERI oostlion or oobcy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MAyERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY \ir\LC 14 t-,5 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).- teaching global issues 0 dr Spring 1990 Media:Eyeing the News To the teacher "Look, I saw it onT.V.,so it must be right, right?" he worldview of Canadian stu- "Here it is in the newspaper! Who's going to dents is created from a variety argue against that?" of sources, one of the primary sources being the media. By January 8, 1990: New York Ms. Taylor's publicity stunt is an ex- the time most young North Ameri- A beautiful young woman sits in a treme example of media inaccuracy. But cans graduate from highschoo?, they plush hotel suite, sipping champagne, sur- every media story we see, hear or read is will have watched three years of T.V. rounded by microphones and television the product of reporters, editors, camera But what kind of a world picture do cameras. She has just announced that she crews, T.V. anchorrnen and women Canadians receive from the main- is the winner of the $35 million New York people who hold points of view which stream media? Educators such as state lottery. She is the toastof New York, may be different from our own, people Neil Postman express alarm about splashed across the pages and screens of who choose what events to cover, who to the ability of televisionan enter- New York media. Only after the T.V. cov- interview, and what words and pictures to tainment mediumto adequately de- erage, after the printed headlines reading use. In other words, the media story which scribe the complexity of world events. "$35 Million and She's Single" does the is presented to you is not necessarily "the Media analysts such as Noam truth surface. State lottery officials reveal truth", but rather one person's or a group Chomsky point to the dangers of that the $35 million prize is still unclaimed. of people's idea about the truth. This issue corporate control of the western For the young woman, an actress of Teachergram is designed to help you media. Third world people claim that named Charlie Taylor, the stunt means look at the media you watch, or read, or their portrayal in the media is dis- valuable publicity which may lead to fu- listen to, with critical eyes and ears. torted and simplistic. This issue of ture movie roles. For the news media who Teachergram attempts to address covered the fake event, the stunt is a black QViewson Viewpoint. some of these issues, and to bacour- mark against mediacredibil ity; why didn' t "Our reporters do not cover stories age students to view the media from any of the reporters check out the story a critical perspective. with lottery officials? Why did they so from their point of view.They are gullibly accept this staged media event as presenting them from nobody's point representing the truth? For us, the con- ofview." Richard S. Salani, sumers of information in the "information former President, CBS News age", this incident reinforces an old say- ing: "You shouldn't believe everything "Think ofit as a dari< room, and you're you hear, read, or see." there with the flashlight. The room's full of dark corners; which dark corner (Sowhat am l are you going to shine your flashlight at? That's the agenda-setting aspect supposed to of the news, and that is absolutely believe? crucial." Randolph Ryan, Editorial Writer and Columnnist Our news: Through whose glasses do we for the Boston Globe view the world? 2 Teachergram Spring 1990 Getting the A Critical Look at Media Coverage Picture of the Third World Who Makes the News? This means that most of our international "You don' t even know where the news is reported from an American or place is. You' re the only one on the Our news is brought to us by a surpris- European viewpoint. What's more, most plane because everyone else isike- ingly small number of organizations. of the international news we get is actually irzg the crisis." Three major T.V. news services about the U.S. and Europe. Here's where Joe Schlessinger, CBC Correspondent Viznews (British), UPI1N (British-U.S.) the wire servicecorrespondents areplaced: and CBS Newsfilm (U.S.)use micro- U.S. 34% "Reagan decides to bomb Libya wave and satellite to relay their camera Europe 28% footage to T.V. networks all over the world. Asia & Australia 17% and suddenly hundreds of corre- Because individual networks cannot af- Latin America 11% spondents sharing the sme hotels ford to send camera crews and reporters to Middle F-nst 6% file almost the same stories com- out-of-the-way places, most T.V. stations Africa 4% piled from the same sources." rely heavily on these three camera "giants". Robin Palmer. News our of Africa: Biafra to Virtually all the T.V. coverage that Third What Makes the News? Band Aid, 1986. World people get comes from these sources. "Too often, photographers end up "Bloody coup Installs new govern- The wire services which supply news- just waiting for and shooting pic- papers and radio/television networks with ment","Border War Claims Lives of Thousands":When the news media tures of confrontation." news consist of four"biggies". If you look Bob Gentille, Newsweek Photographer, closely at a newspaper, you'llnotice under cover international issues, what do they talk about? A 1989 Canadian study found quoted in The World is Watching (see the headlines of many of the international page 8). articles one of the following names: AP that little mention was made of key (Associated Press, U.S.-owned); UPI issues like population, energy, food and (United Press International, U.S.-owned); positive developments in health and edu- AFP(Agence France-Presse, French) or cation. Rather, news coverage focusses Reuters (British). These four wire serv- on meetings of diplomats, political prob- ices account for about 90% of the interna- lems, coups, civil unrest and internal tional news we read in olir newspapers, politics. Often, reporters are flown into 60% of it from AP and UPIboth U.S. crisis areas, where they do a quick story agencies. In Canada, you will often read and depart a day or two later. The stories CP under the headline. This stands for which come of this "fly by night" jour- Canadian Press, which is Canada's major nalism often don't reflect the issues wire service. CP gathers up news from which have led to the crisis, and don't across Canada to be used in Canadian describe the lives of the majority of the newspapers. For its international cove. people who live in the country. We, the age, CP relies on its agreements with AP, information consumers, are left with an AFP and Reuters, which allow it to image of a developing world which is "Canadianize" wire storieschanging the composed of violence and crisis. Televi- American spelling and adjusting other sion, because it's keyed to exciting vis- minor pointsand print them as CP sto- ual images, is particularly prone to a ries. confrontation-oriented style of report- ing. "Crisis reporting" has meant that many Cana- So what'sth-e dians have a picture of Africans as helpless, passive people. Most people who go to Africa. problem? however, are struck by the hard work, energy, 1 and optimism of the people. 4 TeachergramSpring 1990 3 The Critical Eye: subject? Whataspectsof thestory do they highlight? a Media Monitoring Checklist Message: What is the basic mes- Importance: What importance is sage? How is it being conveyed? When given to the item? Is it on the front page of After all the decisions have been made you've decided on the tiasic point being the newspaper? near the beginning of the about where to have what reporters, and made, think about how it was made.
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