DOCSLIB.ORG

PICES Scientific Report No. 19 2001 Commercially Important Crabs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PICES Scientific Report No. 19 2001 Commercially Important Crabs PICES Scientific Report No. 19 2001 Commercially Important Crabs, Shrimps and Lobsters of the North Pacific Ocean Edited by Robert S. Otto and Glen S. Jamieson December 2001 Secretariat / Publisher North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, B.C., Canada. V8L 4B2 E-mail: [email protected] Home Page: http://www.pices.int Table of Contents 1 Summary............................................................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Terms of Reference...................................................................................................... 3 2.2 An Overview of Crustaceans in the PICES Region..................................................... 5 3 Major Species and Stocks of Crabs in the PICES Region.................................................... 9 3.1 Gazami crab (Portunus trituburculatus, Portunidae, FAO: GAZ, Area 61) .............. 9 3.1.1 China................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 South Korea ....................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Snow crabs (Chionoecetes spp., Majidae, FAO: PCR, Area 61, 67)......................... 12 3.2.1 Snow and red snow crabs................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 Tanner crab ........................................................................................................ 14 3.3 Dungeness crab (Cancer magister, Cancridae, FAO: DUN, Area 67, 77)................ 17 3.4 Other crabs.................................................................................................................. 22 3.5 King crabs (Lithodes and Paralithodes spp., Lithodidae, FAO: KCS, Area 61, 67). 22 3.5.1 Blue king crab.................................................................................................... 23 3.5.2 Golden king crab................................................................................................ 26 3.5.3 Red king crab ..................................................................................................... 27 4 Major Species and Stocks of Shrimps in the PICES Region............................................... 33 4.1 Akiami paste shrimps (Acetes spp., Sergestidae, FAO Area 61)................................ 34 4.2 Penaeid shrimps (Penaeidae, FAO Area 61)............................................................... 35 4.3 Pandalid shrimps (Pandalidae, FAO Area 61, 67)...................................................... 38 4.4 Other shrimps.............................................................................................................. 40 4.5 Spiny lobsters (Palinuridae, FAO Area 61, 77) .......................................................... 42 4.6 Mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda, Squillidae, FAO Area 61)......................................... 43 5 Oceanography..................................................................................................................... 45 5.1 Oceanography and recruitment................................................................................... 47 6 Sampling and Data Analysis................................................................................................ 51 6.1 Spatial structuring of crab and shrimp populations .................................................... 51 6.2 Effectiveness of marine sanctuaries and restrictions on fishing activities for crabs and shrimps........................................................................................................................ 51 7 Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................. 53 7.1 Other matters............................................................................................................... 53 8 References............................................................................................................................ 55 9 Appendices........................................................................................................................... 65 9.1 Appendix 1.................................................................................................................. 65 9.2 Appendix 2.................................................................................................................. 66 9.3 Appendix 3.................................................................................................................. 67 9.4 Appendix 4.................................................................................................................. 70 10 Plates 1-5.............................................................................................................................. 75 1 Summary Changes in the abundance of commercially Three families of shrimps are commercially important crustaceans in the North Pacific led important in the PICES Region, and their landings PICES to form Working Group 12 in 1997. have made up 93.8% of shrimp landings within the Objectives were to identify important North PICES Region over the last 15 years. Sergestidae Pacific crustacean stocks, to describe historical includes the akiami paste shrimp (Acetes chinensis changes in their abundance, to identify current and Acetes japonica), that supports the largest research programs on them, and to clarify shrimp fishery in the PICES Region, as well as the mechanisms that might account for their observed world. Penaeidae occur in the waters of China, patterns of abundance. The PICES Region Korea and southern Japan, and major fisheries includes almost all of FAO Statistical Areas 61 exploit Kuruma shrimp/prawn (Marsupenaeus and 67 and a small portion of Area 71. The japonicus); the cocktail, or southern rough shrimp Region in 1998 provided 48% of world crab (Trachysalambria curvirostrus); fleshy prawn landings and 45% of world shrimp landings, (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) and Shiba shrimp excluding data from North Korea. (Metapenaeus joyneri). The Pandalidae include the genera Pandalus and Pandalopsis and this The world-wide importance of the PICES Region family accounts for virtually all shrimp landings with respect to crustaceans has been increasing from northern Japan around the North Pacific rim over the last 15 years, with crab and shrimp to California. In terms of volume, the northern landings increasing at an annual compound rate of shrimp (Pandalus borealis, or eos) and the ocean 7.8% and 8.2%, respectively. Of the 48 crustacean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) have been most species that have accounted for commercial important economically, although six additional fisheries landings in the PICES Region, 33, or species have contributed substantially to the catch 69%, are endemic to it. in various areas. There have been some recent attempts to exploit deepwater glass shrimps, Five FAO species groupings (16 species in four Family Pasiphaeidae. Other species of shrimp families) make up 79% of crab landings in the such as many Crangonidae, which provide PICES Region. Four of these are brachyurans and important commercial fisheries in the northeast the other is an anomuran (king crabs). The gazami Atlantic, are present in the PICES Region but are crab (Portunidae, Portunus trituburculatus) fishery only harvested to a minor extent or as incidental in the Yellow Sea area alone represented 39.5% of catch. landings over this period. Harvested snow and Tanner crabs (Majidae, Chionoecetes spp.) include Mantis shrimps, stomatopods (Squillidae) that are five species. Landings of king crabs (Lithodidae) not closely related to the more familiar decapod include three species of Paralithodes and two shrimps, are briefly discussed for species of Lithodes. The Dungeness crab (Cancer comprehensiveness, although the only species magister) is the largest cancrid in the Pacific and commercially exploited is Oratosquilla oratoria in supports an important eastern Pacific inshore the Bohai Sea. Mantis shrimps are widely fishery from the eastern Aleutian Islands south to distributed in Chinese waters and are also found California. Hair crab (Erimacrus isenbeckii), rock around Korea and Japan, where they used to be crabs (Cancer spp.) and sheep crab (Loxorynchus historically more important. Spiny lobsters grandus) provide small fisheries in the PICES (Decapoda, Palinuridae) are exploited in Japan, Region, but except for hair crab, fisheries are South Korea, and China (Palinurus japonicus), poorly documented. and in California (P. interruptus). 1 2 2 Introduction transport, migration, population dynamics, and Interest in a working group was prompted by large influences of environmental conditions for changes in the abundance of commercially fished crabs and shrimp in the PICES region. crabs and shrimps that occurred in various areas of the PICES Region. Working Group 12 (WG 12) - Identify data that are available that would was established by the Governing Council in assist in the analyses of factors affecting October 1995 upon the recommendation of the abundance trends. Fisheries Science Committee (FIS). Many changes in crustacean abundance have been of - Review current knowledge of factors affecting considerable economic importance and affected abundance
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Learning in Stomatopod Crustaceans
    International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2006, 19 , 297-317. Copyright 2006 by the International Society for Comparative Psychology Learning in Stomatopod Crustaceans Thomas W. Cronin University of Maryland Baltimore County, U.S.A. Roy L. Caldwell University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. Justin Marshall University of Queensland, Australia The stomatopod crustaceans, or mantis shrimps, are marine predators that stalk or ambush prey and that have complex intraspecific communication behavior. Their active lifestyles, means of predation, and intricate displays all require unusual flexibility in interacting with the world around them, imply- ing a well-developed ability to learn. Stomatopods have highly evolved sensory systems, including some of the most specialized visual systems known for any animal group. Some species have been demonstrated to learn how to recognize and use novel, artificial burrows, while others are known to learn how to identify novel prey species and handle them for effective predation. Stomatopods learn the identities of individual competitors and mates, using both chemical and visual cues. Furthermore, stomatopods can be trained for psychophysical examination of their sensory abilities, including dem- onstration of color and polarization vision. These flexible and intelligent invertebrates continue to be attractive subjects for basic research on learning in animals with relatively simple nervous systems. Among the most captivating of all arthropods are the stomatopod crusta- ceans, or mantis shrimps. These marine creatures, unfamiliar to most biologists, are abundant members of shallow marine ecosystems, where they are often the dominant invertebrate predators. Their common name refers to their method of capturing prey using a folded, anterior raptorial appendage that looks superficially like the foreleg of a praying mantis.
    [Show full text]
  • Farmed Shrimp Production Data & Analysis
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Shrimp Production Review • Professor James L. Anderson, Director, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems - University of Florida • Dr. Diego Valderrama, University of los Andes, Colombia • Dr. Darryl Jory, Editor Emeritus, Global Aquaculture Alliance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Other Middle East / N Africa Shrimp Aquaculture Production by World Region: 2000-2015 (FAO Data) India 2006 - 2012 CAGR: 4.8% Americas China 5000K +4.2% Southeast Asia +8.8% 4500K Source: FAO (2017). +3.2% Southeast Asia includes Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, 4000K Bangladesh, Malaysia, Philippines, Myanmar and 3500K Taiwan. M. rosenbergii is not included. 3000K MT 2500K 2000K 1500K 1000K 500K 0K 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Other Middle East / N Africa Shrimp Aquaculture Production by World Region: 2000-2019 India Americas (FAO and GOAL Data) China 2016-2019 Projected CAGR: Southeast Asia 2006-2012 CAGR: 3.6% 4.8% Sources: FAO (2017) for 5000K 2000-2009; GOAL (2011-2016) for 2010-2015; GOAL (2017) 4500K for 2016-2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Lobsters-Identification, World Distribution, and U.S. Trade
    Lobsters-Identification, World Distribution, and U.S. Trade AUSTIN B. WILLIAMS Introduction tons to pounds to conform with US. tinents and islands, shoal platforms, and fishery statistics). This total includes certain seamounts (Fig. 1 and 2). More­ Lobsters are valued throughout the clawed lobsters, spiny and flat lobsters, over, the world distribution of these world as prime seafood items wherever and squat lobsters or langostinos (Tables animals can also be divided rougWy into they are caught, sold, or consumed. 1 and 2). temperate, subtropical, and tropical Basically, three kinds are marketed for Fisheries for these animals are de­ temperature zones. From such partition­ food, the clawed lobsters (superfamily cidedly concentrated in certain areas of ing, the following facts regarding lob­ Nephropoidea), the squat lobsters the world because of species distribu­ ster fisheries emerge. (family Galatheidae), and the spiny or tion, and this can be recognized by Clawed lobster fisheries (superfamily nonclawed lobsters (superfamily noting regional and species catches. The Nephropoidea) are concentrated in the Palinuroidea) . Food and Agriculture Organization of temperate North Atlantic region, al­ The US. market in clawed lobsters is the United Nations (FAO) has divided though there is minor fishing for them dominated by whole living American the world into 27 major fishing areas for in cooler waters at the edge of the con­ lobsters, Homarus americanus, caught the purpose of reporting fishery statis­ tinental platform in the Gul f of Mexico, off the northeastern United States and tics. Nineteen of these are marine fish­ Caribbean Sea (Roe, 1966), western southeastern Canada, but certain ing areas, but lobster distribution is South Atlantic along the coast of Brazil, smaller species of clawed lobsters from restricted to only 14 of them, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • W7192e19.Pdf
    click for previous page 952 Shrimps and Prawns Sicyoniidae SICYONIIDAE Rock shrimps iagnostic characters: Body generally Drobust, with shell very hard, of “stony” grooves appearance; abdomen often with deep grooves and numerous tubercles. Rostrum well developed and extending beyond eyes, always bearing more than 3 upper teeth (in- cluding those on carapace); base of eyestalk with styliform projection on inner surface, but without tubercle on inner border. Both upper and lower antennular flagella of similar length, attached to tip of antennular peduncle. 1 Carapace lacks both postorbital and postantennal spines, cervical groove in- distinct or absent. Exopod present only on first maxilliped. All 5 pairs of legs well devel- 2 oped, fourth leg bearing a single well-devel- 3rd and 4th pleopods 4 single-branched oped arthrobranch (hidden beneath 3 carapace). In males, endopod of second pair 5 of pleopods (abdominal appendages) with appendix masculina only. Third and fourth pleopods single-branched. Telson generally armed with a pair of fixed lateral spines. Colour: body colour varies from dark brown to reddish; often with distinct spots or colour markings on carapace and/or abdomen - such colour markings are specific and very useful in distinguishing the species. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: All members of this family are marine and can be found from shallow to deep waters (to depths of more than 400 m). They are all benthic and occur on both soft and hard bottoms. Their sizes are generally small, about 2 to 8 cm, but some species can reach a body length over 15 cm. The sexes are easily distinguished by the presence of a large copulatory organ (petasma) on the first pair of pleopods of males, while the females have the posterior thoracic sternites modified into a large sperm receptacle process (thelycum) which holds the spermatophores or sperm sacs (usually whitish or yellowish in colour) after mating.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fishery for Northern Shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) Off West Greenland, 1970–2019
    NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR(S) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No. N7008 NAFO SCR Doc. 19/044 NAFO/ICES PANDALUS ASSESSMENT GROUP—November 2019 The Fishery for Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) off West Greenland, 1970–2019 by AnnDorte Burmeister and Frank Rigét Greenland Institute of Natural Resources Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland Abstract The Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) occurs on the continental shelf off West Greenland in NAFO Divisions 0A and 1A–1F in depths between approximately 150 and 600 m. Greenland fishes this stock in Subarea 1, Canada in Div. 0A. The species is assessed in these waters as a single stock and managed by catch control. The fishery has been prosecuted over time by four fleets: Greenland small-vessel inshore; Greenland KGH offshore; Greenland recent offshore, and Canadian offshore. Catch peaked in 1992 at 105 000 tons but then decreased to around 80 000 tons by 1998 owing to management measures. Increases in allowed takes were subsequently accompanied by increased catches. The logbook recorded catches in 2005 and 2006, around 157 000 tons, were the highest recorded. Since then catches has decreased to a recent low level in 2015 at 72 256 tons. In the following years, both TACs and catches increased, and the total catches was 94 878 tons in 2018. The enacted TAC for Greenland in 2019 is set at 103 383 tons and a TAC of 1 617 tons were set for Canada, by the Greenland Self-government. The projected catch for 2019 is set at 100 000 tons.
    [Show full text]
  • A Time Series of California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus Interruptus) Phyllosoma from 1951 to 2008 Links Abundance to Warm Oceanogr
    KOSLOW ET AL.: LOBSTER PHYLLOSOMA ABUNDANCE LINKED TO WARM CONDITIONS CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 53, 2012 A TIME SERIES OF CALIFORNIA SPINY LOBSTER (PANULIRUS INTERRUPTUS) PHYLLOSOMA FROM 1951 TO 2008 LINKS ABUNDANCE TO WARM OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA J. ANTHONY KOSLOW LauRA ROGERS-BENNETT DOUGLAS J. NEILSON Scripps Institution of Oceanography California Department of Fish and Game California Department of Fish and Game University of California, S.D. Bodega Marine Laboratory 4949 Viewridge Avenue La Jolla, CA 92093-0218 UC Davis, 2099 Westside Rd. San Diego, CA 92123 ph: (858) 534-7284 Bodega Bay, CA 94923-0247 [email protected] ABSTRACT The California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) population is the basis for a valuable commercial and recreational fishery off southern California, yet little is known about its population dynamics. Studies based on CalCOFI sampling in the 1950s indicated that the abun- dance of phyllosoma larvae may be sensitive to ocean- ographic conditions such as El Niño events. To further study the potential influence of environmental variabil- ity and the fishery on lobster productivity, we developed a 60-year time series of the abundance of lobster phyl- losoma from the historical CalCOFI sample collection. Phyllosoma were removed from the midsummer cruises when the early-stage larvae are most abundant in the plankton nearshore. We found that the abundance of the early-stage phyllosoma displayed considerable inter- annual variability but was significantly positively corre- Figure 1. Commercial (solid circles), recreational (open triangles), and total lated with El Niño events, mean sea-surface temperature, landings (solid line) of spiny lobster off southern California.
    [Show full text]
  • Part I. an Annotated Checklist of Extant Brachyuran Crabs of the World
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 17: 1–286 Date of Publication: 31 Jan.2008 © National University of Singapore SYSTEMA BRACHYURORUM: PART I. AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF EXTANT BRACHYURAN CRABS OF THE WORLD Peter K. L. Ng Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore Email: [email protected] Danièle Guinot Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Milieux et peuplements aquatiques, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Email: [email protected] Peter J. F. Davie Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world is presented for the first time. Over 10,500 names are treated including 6,793 valid species and subspecies (with 1,907 primary synonyms), 1,271 genera and subgenera (with 393 primary synonyms), 93 families and 38 superfamilies. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are reviewed in detail, and many resolved. Detailed notes and references are provided where necessary. The constitution of a large number of families and superfamilies is discussed in detail, with the positions of some taxa rearranged in an attempt to form a stable base for future taxonomic studies. This is the first time the nomenclature of any large group of decapod crustaceans has been examined in such detail. KEY WORDS. – Annotated checklist, crabs of the world, Brachyura, systematics, nomenclature. CONTENTS Preamble .................................................................................. 3 Family Cymonomidae .......................................... 32 Caveats and acknowledgements ............................................... 5 Family Phyllotymolinidae .................................... 32 Introduction .............................................................................. 6 Superfamily DROMIOIDEA ..................................... 33 The higher classification of the Brachyura ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Shrimp: Wildlife Notebook Series
    Shrimp Five species of pandalid shrimp of various commercial and subsistence values are found in the cool waters off the coast of Alaska. Pink shrimp (Pandalus borealis) are the foundation of the commercial trawl shrimp fishery in Alaska. Pinks are circumpolar in distribution, though greatest concentrations occur in the Gulf of Alaska. Ranging from Puget Sound to the Arctic coast of Alaska, the humpy shrimp (P. goniurus) is usually harvested incidentally to pink shrimp. In some cases, however, the humpy constitutes the primary species caught. Both pink and humpy shrimp are usually marketed as cocktail or salad shrimp. Known for its sweet flavor, the sidestripe shrimp (Pandalopsis dispar) is also caught incidentally to pinks; however, there are small trawl fisheries in Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska which target on this deeper water species. The coonstripe shrimp (Pandalus hypsinotis) is the prized target of various pot shrimp fisheries around the state. Coonstripe shrimp can be found from the Bering Sea to the Strait of Juan de Fuca while sidestripes range from the Bering Sea to Oregon. Spot shrimp (P. platyceros) is the largest shrimp in the North Pacific. Ranging from Unalaska Island to San Diego, this species is highly valued by commercial pot fishers and subsistence users alike. Most of the catch from the sidestripe, coonstripe, and spot fisheries is sold fresh in both local and foreign markets. General description: Pandalid shrimp can be characterized by a long, well-developed spiny rostrum and are medium to large in size. The body is generally slender and there are five pairs of "swimmerets" located on the underside of the abdomen.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Feed on the Growth and Survival of Long Eyed Swimming
    Soundarapandian et al., 2:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports681 Open Access Open Access Scientific Reports Scientific Reports Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Effect of Feed on the Growth and Survival of Long Eyed Swimming Crab Podophthalmus vigil Fabricius (Crustacea: Decapoda) Soundarapandian P1*, Ravichandran S2 and Varadharajan D1 1Faculty of Marine Sciences, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Food is considered to be the most potent factor affecting growth. Attempts to develop diets for culture of crabs have resulted in a variety of feeds. The absence of suitable feed either pellet or live food which can promote growth and survival is considered to be the most important lacuna in cultivation of crabs. So searching of economically viable feed to optimize the growth and survival in crabs are very much essential. In the present study the weight gain was higher in the crabs offered with Acetes sp. (86 g) followed by clam meat fed animals (47 g). The crabs fed with minimum amount of Acetes sp. (152 g) and maximum of clam meat (182 g). The FCR value was better in Acetes sp. (1.8) fed animal rather than clam meat fed animals (3.8). The survival rate was higher in Acetes sp. fed animals (92%) and lowest survival (72%) was observed in animals fed with clam meat. The survival was reasonable for both the feeds. But higher survival rate was reported in the animals fed with Acetes sp. than that of clam meat.
    [Show full text]
  • Balanus Trigonus
    Nauplius ORIGINAL ARTICLE THE JOURNAL OF THE Settlement of the barnacle Balanus trigonus BRAZILIAN CRUSTACEAN SOCIETY Darwin, 1854, on Panulirus gracilis Streets, 1871, in western Mexico e-ISSN 2358-2936 www.scielo.br/nau 1 orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-6080 www.crustacea.org.br Michel E. Hendrickx Evlin Ramírez-Félix2 orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-5283 1 Unidad académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. A.P. 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, 82000, Mexico 2 Oficina de INAPESCA Mazatlán, Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura. Sábalo- Cerritos s/n., Col. Estero El Yugo, Mazatlán, 82112, Sinaloa, Mexico. ZOOBANK http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74B93F4F-0E5E-4D69- A7F5-5F423DA3762E ABSTRACT A large number of specimens (2765) of the acorn barnacle Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854, were observed on the spiny lobster Panulirus gracilis Streets, 1871, in western Mexico, including recently settled cypris (1019 individuals or 37%) and encrusted specimens (1746) of different sizes: <1.99 mm, 88%; 1.99 to 2.82 mm, 8%; >2.82 mm, 4%). Cypris settled predominantly on the carapace (67%), mostly on the gastric area (40%), on the left or right orbital areas (35%), on the head appendages, and on the pereiopods 1–3. Encrusting individuals were mostly small (84%); medium-sized specimens accounted for 11% and large for 5%. On the cephalothorax, most were observed in branchial (661) and orbital areas (240). Only 40–41 individuals were found on gastric and cardiac areas. Some individuals (246), mostly small (95%), were observed on the dorsal portion of somites.
    [Show full text]
  • Circadian Clocks in Crustaceans: Identified Neuronal and Cellular Systems
    Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems Johannes Strauss, Heinrich Dircksen Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius vag 18A, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction: crustacean circadian biology 2.1. Rhythms and circadian phenomena 2.2. Chronobiological systems in Crustacea 2.3. Pacemakers in crustacean circadian systems 3. The cellular basis of crustacean circadian rhythms 3.1. The retina of the eye 3.1.1. Eye pigment migration and its adaptive role 3.1.2. Receptor potential changes of retinular cells in the electroretinogram (ERG) 3.2. Eyestalk systems and mediators of circadian rhythmicity 3.2.1. Red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) 3.2.2. Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) 3.2.3. Pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) 3.2.4. Serotonin 3.2.5. Melatonin 3.2.6. Further factors with possible effects on circadian rhythmicity 3.3. The caudal photoreceptor of the crayfish terminal abdominal ganglion (CPR) 3.4. Extraretinal brain photoreceptors 3.5. Integration of distributed circadian clock systems and rhythms 4. Comparative aspects of crustacean clocks 4.1. Evolution of circadian pacemakers in arthropods 4.2. Putative clock neurons conserved in crustaceans and insects 4.3. Clock genes in crustaceans 4.3.1. Current knowledge about insect clock genes 4.3.2. Crustacean clock-gene 4.3.3. Crustacean period-gene 4.3.4. Crustacean cryptochrome-gene 5. Perspective 6. Acknowledgements 7. References 1. ABSTRACT Circadian rhythms are known for locomotory and reproductive behaviours, and the functioning of sensory organs, nervous structures, metabolism and developmental processes. The mechanisms and cellular bases of control are mainly inferred from circadian phenomenologies, ablation experiments and pharmacological approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Bohol Sea, the Philippines
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 56(2): 385–404 Date of Publication: 31 Aug.2008 © National University of Singapore NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF EUXANTHINE CRABS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: BRACHYURA: XANTHIDAE) FROM THE BOHOL SEA, THE PHILIPPINES Jose Christopher E. Mendoza Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543; Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines Email: [email protected] Peter K. L. Ng Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – Two new genera and four new xanthid crab species belonging to the subfamily Euxanthinae Alcock (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) are described from the Bohol Sea, central Philippines. Rizalthus, new genus, with just one species, R. anconis, new species, can be distinguished from allied genera by characters of the carapace, epistome, chelipeds, male abdomen and male fi rst gonopod. Visayax, new genus, contains two new species, V. osteodictyon and V. estampadori, and can be distinguished from similar genera using a combination of features of the carapace, epistome, thoracic sternum, male abdomen, pereiopods and male fi rst gonopod. A new species of Hepatoporus Serène, H. pumex, is also described. It is distinguished from congeners by the unique morphology of its front, carapace sculpturing, form of the subhepatic cavity and structure of the male fi rst gonopod. KEY WORDS. – Crustacea, Xanthidae, Euxanthinae, Rizalthus, Visayax, Hepatoporus, Panglao 2004, the Philippines. INTRODUCTION & Jeng, 2006; Anker et al., 2006; Dworschak, 2006; Marin & Chan, 2006; Ahyong & Ng, 2007; Anker & Dworschak, There are currently 24 genera and 83 species in the xanthid 2007; Manuel-Santos & Ng, 2007; Mendoza & Ng, 2007; crab subfamily Euxanthinae worldwide, with most occurring Ng & Castro, 2007; Ng & Manuel-Santos, 2007; Ng & in the Indo-Pacifi c (Ng & McLay, 2007; Ng et al., 2008).
    [Show full text]