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MERESANKH III for Those Who Prefer Their Nile Time Online NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK | #13 | APRIL–MAY 2018 £4.90 NILENILE~ DiscoverDiscover AncientAncient EgyptEgypt TodayToday NILE STYLE TOMBOS Living with the Enemy The Divine FALCON AHMOSE Father of a Dynasty HIEROGLYPHS Who translated them first? QUEEN FOR ETERNITY MERESANKH III For those who prefer their Nile time online: Ancient Egypt at your fingertips. Download the free NILE MAGAZINE App. PocketMags.com Apple and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc. NILE n 1931, German archaeologist Uvo Hölscher, digging for the University of Chicago’s Oriental Institute, was excavating the ruins of the funerary temple of King Ay, just north of Ramesses III’s Itemple at Medinet Habu. Foundation deposits at the site revealed that the temple was begun by Ay during his short reign following the early death of Tut- ankhamun. Above ground, however, the next in line, Horemheb, had done a thorough job of usurp- ing the temple and its fine statuary—rubbing out Ay’s cartouches and engraving his own. Discovered in the dusty rubble were two co- lossal, striding red quartzite statues, originally thought to have flanked a temple doorway. While they had sustained damage, the faces were, thankfully, largely intact. At the time, Uvo Hölscher made it fairly clear as to who he thought the two statues belonged: “Everywhere the names of Harmhab [Horemheb] appear over an erasure, where the name of Eye [Ay] had been carved originally and can be read with certainty in places. The face is, however, not that of Eye. Our statues were apparently made for Tutankhamon but completed, inscribed and set up under Eye and finally usurped by Harmhab.” The statue shown here went to the Egyp- tian Museum in Cairo (Inv. Cairo JE 59869), while its mate was gifted to the Oriental Institute in the division of finds (No. 14088). For a long time, it was accepted that the two statues originally belonged to young king Tutankhamun on account of their budding faces and Amarna-style bulging bellies. It was figured that the statues (and the funerary temple in which they were found) had been appropriated firstly by Ay, and then Horemheb. Hölscher’s excavations, however, found no evidence at all of a funer- ary temple of Tutankhamun at Medinet Habu, and Ay’s inscriptions on the statues, reworked by Horemheb, contain no trace of Tutankha- mun. Today, many believe that the statues were original creations made for Ay before being usurped by Horemheb. This colossal statue of Ay/Tutankhamun is part of the touring Tutankhamun exhibition now showing in Los Angeles—the largest collection of Tutankhamun artefacts to ever tour the globe. King Tut: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh is showing at the California Science Center until 6 January 2019. You can find out more atcaliforniasciencecenter. org, and also check out other exhibitions and events near you from page 62 in this issue of NILE Magazine. NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK 1 NILE 6 UPDATE FROM 39 15 30 TOMBOS ARAB THE Jeff Burzacott TRANSLATORS DIVINE Jeff Burzacott Near the Nile’s OF EGYPT’S The American Third Cataract, a 23 HIEROGLYPHS FALCON Research Center in small community Tom Verde Lesley Jackson Egypt (ARCE) has of Nubian traders AHMOSE been fostering and Egyptian Jean-François What is the most knowledge of colonists met and Sharon Hague Champollion and frequently-depicted Egyptian cultural mingled, forging a Around 1550 B.C. a Thomas Young deity in the entire heritage and new society and a Theban prince was were locked in a history of ancient preserving its new identity. born in the midst battle to unlock the Egypt? Is it Osiris? monuments and Surprising discover- of battle. This was, meaning of Amun? No—it’s a archaeological ies at Tombos no less, a battle for Egyptian hiero- falcon god. Lesley wonders for almost suggest that this Egypt itself. glyphs. Yet the Jackson looks at 70 years. In this blended culture The war against two linguists were ancient Egypt’s issue we look at may have the Hyksos had competing in a raptor gods and, in the remarkable eventually led to cost Ahmose’s race that had particular, the results of some of the rise of the family dearly, and, already been run different aspects of their conservation largest empire bizarrely, may have by medieval Arab the divine symbol field schools ancient Egypt had started with some scholars centuries of kingship, the around Luxor. ever known. bellowing hippos. before. Horus falcon. 2 NILE #13 | APRIL–MAY 2018 NILE #13 April–May 2018 4 Map of Egypt 4 The NILE Quiz 5 Timeline 6 Update for ARCE THE COVER 57 NILE Style MERESANKH III: 60 Looking Back QUEEN FOR ETERNITY 62 Exhibitions & Events Rachel Aronin 64 Coming Up Digital Archaeology and the 64 Contact NILE (After)life of Meresankh III 65 Subscribe to NILE at Giza. The Giza Project at Harvard SUBSCRIBE & SAVE! University is building a 3D virtual reconstruction of the Get Nile Magazine delivered to Giza Plateau as it may have your door every two months looked when first built. and save over 20%. One of the tombs that have Every 6th magazine is free! been digitally recreated (and See page 65 for your fabulous preserved for future genera- subscription offer. tions ) is that of Meresankh III, the granddaughter of Khufu. © JEFFREY ROSS BURZACOTT 48 - FROM THE EDITOR e love surprises. And I suspect Dr. Ken Griffin does too. Dr. Griffin is an Egyptology lecturer at Swansea University in Wales, Wand in late March, he was looking through photographs of ar- tefacts in the University’s Egypt Centre stores for a handling session with students. There was something about one particular limestone relief that caught his eye. “When we realised what it truly was,” Dr. Griffin revealed, “our jaws hit the floor.” What he had identified was a relief fragment fea- turing the 18th Dynasty’s Queen Hatshepsut. The hairstyle and fillet headband with royal uraeus were a match with similarly-styled reliefs at her funerary temple at Deir el-Bahari in Luxor. The two-part relief had arrived in Swansea in 1971 and had been in storage ever since. The bottom part of the face is missing, but curiously, the rear of the upper fragment was carved with the head of a man with a short beard (right, below). This appears to be a modern addition designed to enhance the relief’s appearance to add value for a potential sale. It seems the instigators of the “enhancement” didn’t realise that the piece featured a woman. The Hatshepsut relief is now on display at Swansea’s Egypt Centre, and you can look forward to a full report on Dr. Griffin’s fabulous dis- covery—including the tiny details that tipped him off—in the next issue of NILE Magazine. In the meantime, welcome to issue #13. Enjoy your NILE time! Jeff Burzacott ~ [email protected] © EGYPT CENTRE, SWANSEA UNIVERSITY NILEMAGAZINE.CO.UK 3 NILE Rosetta The NILE Quiz Alexandria by Jeff Burzacott B Q t Hi Nile Quizzers, Sais Tanis \i!Q G!K Welcome to the latest fun brain teaser. Whether you Avaris K! have a passion for Predynastic Egypt or you are Q Bubastis rapturous about the Roman Era, we’ve got you <b covered; this quiz spans the entire 3,000+ years of Heliopolis Q ancient Egyptian history. As usual, every question Giza Q Cairo has been sourced from the current issue. Enjoy! 6fK Abusir . h Memphis teM8Q (You can check your answers on page 14.) Saqqara Dahshur The Nubian town of Tombos—a major centre Meidum 1. of trade with the Egyptians—is near which El Faiyum Hawara cataract of the Nile? H!114u~ What was the name of Ahmose’s older broth- er, who was probably killed in battle against 2. the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period? For which king’s first Jubilee (Sed) Festival was Hermopolist Beni Hasan 3. the calcite chapel—known today as the “White b b b bb Q Chapel”—erected at Karnak Temple? b b b b : l t! Amarna !!1 V In 1927 American archaeologist George Reisner discovered the Giza mastaba tomb of 4. Meresankh III, granddaughter of Khufu. Was the discovery made on the first or last day of the excavation season? In which year was the now (in)famous bust k ]q Q Abydos t 5. of Nefertiti officially Dendera < !Q unveiled to the public in Berlin? Valley of the Kings ! Thebes >Q Which Predynastic ruler was the first to place Kharga Oasis ! the Horus falcon upon a palace façade (or < b11 serekh) which contained his name? t Q Esna b 6. P Elkab 6qQ a) Sekhen Q Hierakonpolis b) Scorpion I (Serket I) Uf !Q Edfu Gebel c) Iry-Hor el-Silsila tB 11 ! Which Catholic pontiff U11Q Kom Ombo was particularly pleased with Jean-François Aswan Bb+ Champollion for being et: Q 7. able to demonstrate that the Dendera Zodiac was a product of Egypt’s Roman Period? EGYPTOLOGY LIBRARY OF PEGGY JOY Who was the first pharaoh known to have 8. taken shabtis into his tomb? Who was the first woman to be granted ! f 9. permission to lead her own excavation in L ", ae7 Hf] Q Egypt? b b Abu Simbel Which pharaoh (using blocks from an earlier structure he had dismantled ) is responsible 10. for commissioning the current Temple of Khonsu, on the southern edge of the great Karnak complex at Luxor? JACQUES DESCLOITRES, MODIS RAPID RESPONSE TEAM, NASA/GSFC 4 NILE #13 | APRIL–MAY 2018 Year Dynasty In This Issue ..
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